10 Coiled Tubing Operation

Quartz School for Well Site Supervisors 11. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing Module – 13 Work Over Operations

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 11: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

Section – 10 Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Contents Introduction Operations with Coiled Tubing Equipment Well Control The Tubing Typical Applications Job Design

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

y y y y y y y

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11. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Introduction

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 11: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

Business Profile Evolution

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Business Profile

Schlumberger Private

Schlumberger is the Largest Coiled Tubing Company in the World y Operates 30% of World Fleet with total of 300 CTU’s y Operating in 40 Countries y 34% Market Share y $900 Million annual market

y Performs in excess of 15000 CT Jobs annually y 65% Onshore y 35 % Offshore

Performance y Nr 1 on Schroders Value Survey for 6th year. y Fastest growing service in Schlumberger during the 2nd part of the 90’s

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Evolution y First introduced in 1963 for y

y

Schlumberger Private

y

through tubing sand cleanouts Quickly followed by Acid Treatments and Nitrogen Lifts in the 70’s Larger OD tubing allowed for the introduction of Downhole Tools and more complex fluids in the 1980’s Dedicated R&D in late 80’s allowed service to become complete Workover service in the 1990’s for y Drilling, Completion, Production and Abandonment

In 2003 y Integral part of any well program, including y Subsea y Intelligent Wells y Multilaterals y Extended Reach Wells

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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11. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Coiled Tubing Principles

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 11: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

Operations with Coiled Tubing Advantages of Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Operations with Coiled Tubing

y y

Schlumberger Private

y Coiled Tubing offers the ability to do “Through Tubing Well Intervention” y Rigless y Completion installed y Life Conditions y Applications y Circulate Fluids y Workover with mechanical tools Data Acquisition Drilling

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Advantages of Coiled Tubing

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

Many advantages exist when compared to the alternatives (Hydraulic Workover Units or Workover Rigs) y Economics y Much less equipment with smaller crews y Operations in days rather than weeks y Safety y Reduced pipe handling (no connections, no rig floor operations) y Safe handling of wellhead pressure rather than “pressure prevention” y Operations y Small foot print with versatile equipment package y Much faster rig up and trip speeds y Ability to work on life wells

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11. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Coiled Tubing Equipment

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 11: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

Injector head Reel Power and Control Well Control

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Coiled Tubing Equipment The basic configuration of a coiled tubing equipment package is dependent on: Schlumberger Private

y Operating environment y e.g., offshore, arctic, desert y Primary applications y e.g., units prepared for CTD operations will typically be larger than conventional service units

y CT string dimensions y e.g., string length/OD and necessary reel dimensions Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Basic Equipment Configurations y Schlumberger equipment fleet comprises CT units designed to operate:

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

y Onshore y Paved road trucks (road legal for operating area) y Off-road trucks (all-wheel drive, e.g., desert) y Mobile mast units (special environment, e.g., arctic) y Offshore y Skid mounted units (crash-frame protected) y Barge mounted units (permanent placement) y Jacking barge/tender vessel

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10. Well Intervention withPackage Coiled Tubing Basic Coiled Tubing Control Cabin to control operations, WC and Data Acquisition

Injector Head to pull/push tubing

Schlumberger Private

Stripper to allow for “live” operations Reel to Store Tubing

Prime Mover to provide Hydraulic Power

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing Injector Head – Functions / Components y Primary components/functions include: 1. Injecting and retrieving the CT string

3. 4. 5. 6.

3

1

5

Schlumberger Private

2.

(chain/drive system) Holding the CT string static (chains and braking system) Guiding the CT to the reel (gooseneck) Tension/compression measurement (weight indicator) Depth/speed measurement (depth system sensor) Mounting place for primary pressure barrier (stripper)

2 4

6 Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Chain System Typical chain system includes: 1 Schlumberger Private

y Drive sprocket/system (1) y Inside tensioners (2) 2

y Outside tensioners (3)

3

3

y Lower idling sprocket (4) 4

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Chain Components Chain link pins

Schlumberger Private

Roller bearing

Gripper block

Chain link plate and split pin

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Reel – Functions and Components 5

3

Schlumberger Private

Typical reel components: 1. Storing and protecting the CT string (drum) 2. Maintaining proper tension between reel and injector head (reel drive system) 3. Efficiently spooling the CT string on to the reel drum (level wind system) 4. Circulating fluids with the drum rotating (swivel) 5. Application of protective coating or inhibitor on tubing string (tubing lubricator system) 6. Back-up depth measurement (reel mounted counter)

1

4

2

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Reel Drum Capacity Capacity of reel drum: L = (A + C) (A) (B) (K)

A

Schlumberger Private

Where: L = Reel capacity (ft) A = Tubing stack height (in.) B = Drum width (in.) C = Core diameter (in.) K = Constant (tubing size dependent) 1-1/4 = 0.168 1-1/2 = 0.116 1-3/4 = 0.086 2 = 0.066 2-3/8 = 0.046

Freeboard

C

B

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Reel Models and Capacities

1-1/4-in. 1-1/2-in. 1-3/4-in. 2-in. 2-3/8-in.

15,000 10,000 N/A N/A N/A

22,500 15,100 11,200 8,500 N/A

25,000 22,000 15,000 11,000 N/A

25,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 N/A

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

25,000 25,000 25,000 22,500 15,300

Schlumberger Private

Tubing Size

Reel Model / Configuration 1015 2015 3015 3020 4122

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

“Levelwind” System 3

System components include:

2 Schlumberger Private

y Drive chain/system (1) y Override motor (2) 1

y Spooling head (3)

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Reel Swivel and Manifold Cable

Pressure bulkhead

Coiled tubing

Reel collector

Reel axle

Schlumberger Private

Jumper cable

CT isolation valve

Reel swivel

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Power Pack/Control Cabin – Functions

Layer 1 Temper ature H igh Coolant

High Exhaust Temperature

Low Oil Pressure

Schlumberger Private

Basic functions of the power pack/control cabin or equipment normally mounted therein: y Providing hydraulic power required by the CTU (engine and hydraulic pumps) y Control and limitation on hydraulic systems (hydraulic control and relief valves/system) y Hydraulic accumulator storage for secondary well control equipment (BOP accumulator) y Enables control and monitoring of all operating systems from a single operators station (control consol) y Providing operations data to enable well site design and monitoring Loss of Coolant

Oil Pressure

Coolant Temperature

Engine Tachometer

P ermissive start

Start

Engine Kill

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Emergenc y Kill

Air Pressure

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11. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Well Control Equipment for CT

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 11: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

Stripper Blow Out Preventers Stacks

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Pressure Control Equipment

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

Pressure control equipment associated with mobilization of a basic CTU for routine service activities includes: y Stripper y generally permanently mounted on the injector head y Blow-out preventers y quad configuration most common y Riser, lubricator y application dependent y Ancillary equipment y wellhead crossover(s), flow “T”, kill line and valves y Downhole check valve y preventing back-flow of wellbore fluids

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Stripper – Functions

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

The primary stripper typically performs the following functions: y Maintain a primary barrier against wellbore pressure and fluids y Secure and align the injector head with the pressure control and wellhead equipment y Support the tubing between the injector head chains and the stripper seal Design features enable: y Servicing of consumables (sealing elements) with CT in place y control/actuation of primary seal without reliance on CTU power pack engine

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Conventional Stripper – Components Tubing support/top access Schlumberger Private

Packing assembly Hydraulic system Mounting flange

Lower connection Typical packing stack Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

BOP – Functions The following functions and requirements typically apply to CT BOPs:

(pipe rams and shear rams)

y Secure/support the tubing string against the operating weight or snubbing force (slip rams)

Schlumberger Private

y Provide a secondary barrier against wellbore pressure and fluids

y Shear the tubing string under operating conditions (shear rams) y Provide wellbore access for fluid (kill port) and pressure measurement (pressure port)

y Support the weight (and forces applied) of the CT equipment under the rated wellbore pressure Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Quad BOP – Components Upper flange/connection adapter

Equalizing valve

Blind rams Shear rams

Schlumberger Private

Pressure port

Kill port Slip rams Equalizing valve

Pipe rams

Lower flange/connection adapter Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Onshore Rig up

Quad BOP Injector head

Lower BOP adapter

Schlumberger Private

Quick latch body

Swab valve and tree

y

Stripper Quick latch pin

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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11. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

The Continuous (Coiled) Tubing Schlumberger Private

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 11: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

The Continuous (Coiled) Tubing

times into its plastic yield area. y CT Life is dependent on y Number of Bends y Internal pressure while bending takes place y The bending radius y Tubing can be protected against acid and H2S corrosion Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

y CT properties y In sizes from 1” up to 3-1/2” y Most common sizes are 1-1/4” and 1-1/2” y Continuously milled to lengths of 25,000 ft y 80,000 psi Yield grade is most common y Over the live of the tubing it might be bend as much as 500

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Steel Grade & Manufacturing for CT

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

y Grades y 70000, 80000, 90000, 100000 and 110000 psi Yield Materials y Configurations y Butt Welded y Continuous Milled (Bias Weld) y Tapered Strings y True Tapered Strings y Manufacturers y Precision Tube Technology - e.g. HS80 and HS80CM y Quality Tubing - e.g. QT80 and QT800

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

CT String Construction 250 ft strip lengths (Republic Tubing, USA)

1983

1000 ft strip lengths

1985

1700 ft strip lengths

1986

3500 ft strip lengths (Japanese Suppliers)

1987

Tubing milled continuously

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

1965

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

CT String Construction (2)

3/4-in.

1-in.

1978

1986

1-1/4-in. 1-1/2-in.

1-3/4-in.

1989

2-in.

1995

Schlumberger Private

1965

1970

1988

1992 1990 1989

2-3/8-in.

2-7/8-in.

3-1/2-in.

4-1/2-in.

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Biased Weld Strips preparation

Schlumberger Private

Weld completed and area heat treated

Tube formed

Biased Weld Configuration

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Biased Weld Longitudinal weld profile Schlumberger Private

Bias weld profile

Biased weld and longitudinal weld forms

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Tapered String Heavier wall

Intermediate

Lighter wall

Schlumberger Private

Butt weld or bias weld

Butt weld or bias weld

Tapered String Configuration Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Material Specifications Min Wall Inch

1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75

0.109 0.125 0.134 0.156 0.175 0.190 0.204

0.104 0.118 0.128 0.148 0.167 0.180 0.195

ID Inch

Nom Weight lbs/ft

Min Yield lbf

Min Hydro Tensile Test lbf psi

Int Yield psi

1.532 1.500 1.482 1.438 1.400 1.370 1.342

1.915 2.175 2.318 2.662 2.951 3.173 3.377

43800 49800 53100 60900 67500 72600 77300

47800 54200 57800 66400 73600 79100 84200

9200 10400 11300 13000 14500 15600 16800

8300 9400 10100 11700 13100 14100 15200

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

OD Inch

Nom Wall Inch

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10. Well Intervention Tubing CoilLIMIT - Real Time with Coiled Real Time Information

Schlumberger Private

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Stress / Strain Diagram for CT pipe

Schlumberger Private

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Low Cycle Fatigue

Schlumberger Private

Full Scale Fatigue Testing was conducted during 1989, providing the basis for the Dowell CoilLIFE Code Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Fatigue Monitoring C urrent Life C o ilLIFE

P rev. Life W e ld

30

Schlumberger Private

Fatigue Life %

25

20

15

10

5

0 0

5000

10000

15000

Distance from CT Downhole End (c ) S chlum berger D owell 1994-96

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Keeping Track of Fatigue CoilCAT CoilLIFE

16 Life 14 12

8 6 Life - % Fatigue 4 2 0

0

2000

4000 Distance from CT downhole end - ft

6000

8000

(c) Schlumberger Dowell 1994-96

1. CoilLIFE stored on reel

Schlumberger Private

10

2. CoilLIFE transferred to Data Acquisition system prior to job

CoilCAT CoilLIFE

16

Current Life Prev. Life Weld

14 12 10 8 6 Life - % Fatigue 4 2 0

3. CoilLIFE Updated during job 0

2000

4000 Distance from CT downhole end - ft

6000

8000

(c) Schlumberger Dowell 1994-96

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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11. Well Intervention Typical Applications of CTwith Coiled Tubing

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 11: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

Conveying Fluids Downhole Tools Electric Line Drilling with CT

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Coiled Tubing Applications

Watch Jet Blaster DVD

Schlumberger Private

y Conventional y Washing and cleaning operations y Intervention with mechanical tools y Remedial Stimulation y Non-conventional y Electric Line (pushing logging tools) y Scale Removal (Abrasive Jetting) y Underbalanced Drilling y Special Operations y Multilateral Interventions y Subsea Wells y HPHT Wells

Watch Discovery DVD

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Coiled Tubing Applications y Conveying Fluids y Circulating fluids in place under live conditions Schlumberger Private

y Conveying Tools y Performing mechanical work over tasks in the well. y Electric Line y Pushing logging tools and/or providing circulating capabilities y Coiled Tubing Drilling y For through tubing or underbalanced drilling operations Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Conveying Fluids The most common use for Coiled Tubing is as a conveyance method for fluids :

• Wellbore Clean Outs

Schlumberger Private

• Nitrogen Kick Offs

• Cementing thru CT • Acidizing thru CT • Scale and Paraffin Removal Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Nitrogen Kick Off y Inducing well to flow by lowering

y System is optimum when : y CT is at deepest point in well. y Nitrogen rate is lowest

Schlumberger Private

hydrostatic head through pumping nitrogen gas.

y Annulus allows for maximum flow (Smallest CT)

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Conveying Tools The use of Coiled Tubing to convey mechanical tools is an essential part of most well intervention phases Washing Subs Check Valves for Well Control Fishing Slickline Downhole Motors HP Jetting Pre-packed Gravel Pack Screens Bridge Plugs Inflatable Packers Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

y y y y y y y y y

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

High Pressure Jetting y Use jetting energy to remove

y

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

Schlumberger Private

y y y

scale by creating a pressure drop across a DH jetting nozzle. Used with hard scale Used with ID variety Nozzle(s) need to cover 360 deg of ID by rotating head or indexing. Process is sensitive to : y Abrasives Loading y Rate of Penetration y Pressure Drop

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

Electric Logging with CT = CTL y CTL definition downhole to and from surface telemetry occurs through a wire

Schlumberger Private

y The conveying of tools with Coiled Tubing whereby the

y Applications y Pushing logging tools in high angle wells, pumping while logging and logging while pumping.

Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing

System Components - CT Logging Coiled Tubing with internal Cable

Pressure Bulkhead Deployment System

Schlumberger Private

Collector

Logging Unit

CT Logging Head Logging Suite Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 10: Operations with Coiled Tubing

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