19- Distance Device Parameterization.ppt

SIPROTEC 4 7SA6 Distance Protection Tutorial Specialist Power System Protection Gustav Steynberg PTD PA13 Nuremberg Phone: +49 911 433 7012 Fax: +49 911 433 8301 Email: [email protected]

Distance protection

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Using the 7SA6 Device Manual and SIPROTEC System Description • The Table of Contents is useful to jump to the desired description • Protection Information is in Chapter 2: FUNCTIONS • In the table of contents all the chapters for the individual protection functions are listed • For each protection function there are the sections Method of Operation (description of the function) Setting Notes (information for each individual setting) Settings (table of settings and information applying to this function) • Extensive use is made of logic diagrams to explain the individual protection functions

Distance protection

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Practical Application Example for 7SA6 220 kV

100 km OHL Z1 = 0,25 Ohm/km 85 Z0 = 0,8 Ohm/km 75

7SA6 1&3 Pole trip 21 with Quadrilateral Teleprotection - POTT

Distance protection

IF Min = 2 kA (phase) IF Min = 0,5 kA (earth)

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Configuration

First step is configuration - Functions that are disabled here will not appear later. Refer to Manual - Chapter 2.1 General Distance protection

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Binary I/O Refer to System Description Chapter 5 Relay PICKUP Distance teleprotection send

Allocate the required functions to the available binary inputs and outputs The number of available binary inputs and outputs depends on the hardware version Distance protection

Trip L1 Trip L2 Trip L3 AR Close

General supervision alarm

Relay alarm/live contact

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Routing in DIGSI Matrix

Route the selected functions to the binary inputs and outputs in the matrix Distance protection

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Plant Data 220 kV L1 L2 L3

1200 / 1

220 kV / 0.1 kV

Make a diagram of how the plant is connected to the relay

220 kV / 0.1 kV

L1 L2 L3

Distance protection

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Set Power system data1 - Transformers

Make sure the entered settings match the plant data Refer to Manual - Chapter 2.1 General Distance protection

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Power system data1 - Power system

Select the mode for zero sequence compensation: RE/RL and XE/XL or K0 and angle K0 Refer to Manual - Chapter 2.1 Distance protection

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Power system data 1 - Breaker

Enter closing time of breaker if sync check with async closing is used Refer to Manual - Chapter 2.1 Distance protection

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Setting Group A

Setting blocks for the functions enabled during configuration are available in Setting Group A (if setting group changeover is selected, also Group B, C and D) Refer to Manual - Chapter 2.1 Distance protection

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Setting Group A: Power System Data 2 Select entry of impedance in primary or secondary values. CT and VT ratio may not change after entry with primary values

Separate setting for Z1 and remaining zones Refer to Manual Chapter 2.1

Incorrect entries may lead to wrong protection operation or incorrect measured value / fault location data

Distance protection

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Calculation of residual compensation factors Use the RE/RL and XE/XL or K0 and angle K0 setting (selected during configuration)

RE

1 =

RL

XE

R0 -

3

X0

=

1

R1

1

XL

3

1

X1

As only ratios are used either primary or secondary impedance may be used. The values may apply to the whole line or be per unit length

R1 = 0,25 cos 85 = 0,022  X1 = 0,25 sin 85 = 0,249 

R0 = 0,8 cos 75 = 0,207  X0 = 0,8 sin 75 = 0,773 

RE/RL = 1/3 (0,207/0,022 - 1) XE/XL = 1/3 (0,773/0,249 - 1) RE/RL = 2,80* XE/XL = 0,70 * Note that RE/RL setting increases earth fault reach in R direction. Recommend set < 2 In this example the same setting is used for Zone 1 and the other Zones Distance protection

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Setting Group A: Line Status The line status (open/closed) is required by several functions (e.g. E/F protection blocking during single pole open). Current, voltage and auxiliary contacts may be used to check the line status. After line closure special protection functions may be activated for a set Time (SOTF)

Refer to Manual Chapter 2.1

Release of manual close command may be subject to sync check

Distance protection

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Setting Group A: Trip 1-/3-pole The 3 pole coupling of a trip signal may be selected to with trip (e.g. simultaneous earth fault on two parallel lines is tripped single pole) or to fault detection (e.g. if the simultaneous fault on the parallel line can cause 3 pole coupling)

2 phase faults without ground may be tripped single phase

This selection is needed to display all setting options Refer to Manual Chapter 2.1 Distance protection

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Setting Group A: Distance protection, general settings

This is similar to ON/OFF with binary input Used to set load area in polygon Single pole trip in Zone 2 can be selected

The overreach zone Z1b may be controlled by the recloser Distance protection

Refer to Manual Chapter 2.2 Info - 16 PTD PA13/ Steynberg/ 11.01.01

Calculate the Load Area setting Maximum load current = 2200 A Minimum operating voltage = 90% Min Power factor cos = 0,85

RLOAD (min) = Umin / 3 ILmax RLOAD (min) = 0,9  220 kV / 3  2200 A = 95  (prim.) Max Load Angle = 1,2 * arccos (cos  ) Max Load Angle

Distance protection

= 1,2* arccos ( 0,85) = 38º

RLOAD (min) Max Load Angle Info - 17 PTD PA13/ Steynberg/ 11.01.01

Setting Group A: Distance protection, Earth faults

Set the threshold for earth fault pickup

Additional settings have the supplement A

Refer to Manual Chapter 2.2 Distance protection

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Reach and time co-ordination

Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4

t

Zone 5

-75% Distance protection

0%

85%

100%

120%

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150%

Setting Group A: Distance protection, Time Delays Set the zone timers: Separate setting for 1 and multi phase faults in Z1, Z2 and Z1b

The same parameters are also shown with the individual zone settings.

Distance protection

Setting infinity () may be applied for clarity to unused zones.

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Setting Group A: Distance zones, Zone 1 Set mode for Zone1 - Forward - Reverse - Non-directional - Inactive Set reach for Zone1 Primary or secondary Set time delay for Zone1 (Same as under general settings

The zone reduction angle is only available for Zone1 (Used to prevent overreach resulting from load current in the presence of resistive faults)

Settings for further Zones is similar Distance protection

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Distance zones, Reach Calculation Line pos. seq. impedance XL1 = 0,25 /km at 85  i.e. 0,022 + j0,249 /km Line zero seq. impedance XL0 = 0,8 /km at 75  i.e. 0,207 + j0,773 /km Arc Voltage = 6 kV CTR = 1200/1 VTR = 220/0,1

Rline For the resistance reach settings, use only the arc resistance Line resistance is covered by the line angle setting

Rarc

Rset Zone 1: X1 = 0,85  XL1  100 km = 21,16  prim. Z sec Distance protection

R1 = 1/2 Rarc = 1/2  6kV / 2kA = 1,5  prim.

= Z prim  CTR/VTR Info - 22 PTD PA13/ Steynberg/ 11.01.01

Setting Group A: Distance zones, Zone 1b Zone1b is a controlled zone: Normally used as overreach zone with tele-protection

Zone1b may be controlled by the automatic re-closer (internal or external) for zone extension schemes Distance protection

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Tele-protection : POTT Zone 1 Zone 1b Zone 3

Zone 1 Zone 1b Zone 3

-75%

20%

Distance protection

0%

15%

85% 100%

120% Info - 24 PTD PA13/ Steynberg/ 11.01.01

150%

Setting Group A: Tele-protection for Distance prot. The tele-protection scheme type was selected during the configuration (POTT) Two or three terminal lines can be configured

Additional settings allows access to the timer settings: In most cases the default settings are adequate

Distance protection

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Setting Group A: Fault Locator The fault locator can be initiated by pick-up or trip

Load compensation may be activated (improves FL output in the event of resistive faults with load current) Refer to Manual Chapter 2.18 Distance protection

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Setting Group A: High Current Switch on to Fault Following energisation of the line (recognition of CB close) the high speed SOTF clears bolted faults.

Function must be switched ON Pick-up setting must be above maximum expected charging current

Distance protection

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Saving and transfer of settings Save the settings with the FILE Menu To transfer settings to the RELAY mode must be ONLINE Icon lights up when settings in PC do not match the settings in the relay. Click icon to transfer settings to the RELAY Information retrieval from the relay or file (if info was saved) is possible here: event log, trip log etc. / primary and secondary measured values / oscillographic recordings Distance protection

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