2. Completion Equipment (2)

08

Side Pocket Mandrel Gas Lift Valve Installation Fishing neck lock

Upper seal Port

Lower seal Bottom latch

bellows

Injection gas enters ports and acts against the bellows to unseat the ball seal Gas passes through the check valve which prevents reverse flow to annulus

Communication Equipment Running GLV in Side Pocket Mandrel (1)

Kick-over tool to run gas lift valve assembly

Side Pocket Mandrel

Communication Equipment Running GLV in Side Pocket Mandrel (2)

GLV passing through (by-passing mandrel)

Kick-over tool oriented and tripped

Communication Equipment Running GLV in Side Pocket Mandrel (3)

GLV latched in valve pocket

Kick-over tool retrieved

9

Subsurface Safety Valves Downhole Equipment

Eng. El Sayed Amer

Page 7

Why a Sub-Surface Safety Valve (SSSV)? Piper Alpha tragedy • Piper Alpha was an oil production platform in the North Sea. • on 6 July 1988, killing 167 people. • Catastrophic platform accident due to explosion applications in process facility and release of gas in pipeline. • Almost all of the wells controlled below seabed with SC-SSSVs!. • Only well that burnt was being worked over – no SSSV in place.

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Why Sub-Surface Safety Valve (SSSV)? Kuwait oil well fires • Persian Gulf War. 1991 • The Kuwaiti oil fires were caused by Iraqi military forces setting fire to a reported 605 to 732 oil wells

applications

Page 9

Kuwaiti oil fires

Page 10

Kuwaiti oil fires

Page 11

Kuwaiti oil fires

Page 12

Kuwaiti oil fires

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Subsurface Safety Valves

Control Line

Operation •

shutdown valve installed at the upper wellbore for emergency shutdown to protect the production tubing and wellhead in case of overpressure. • To preventapplications uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons from the well if something catastrophic occurs at surface.

SCSSV

Tubing Casing

Packer

Flapper Open

Flapper Close

Flapper type

15

SC-SSSV Tubing Retrievable type

Flapper open

Flapper closed

18

WELLHEAD control panel

Control line connection to downhole safety valve • a 1/4″ inch stainless steel control line is attached • it may be necessary to keep as

applications

much as 4000 to 5000 psi on the control line to keep the valve open.

SCSSSV control line port at tubing hanger

SCSSSV control line port at tubing hanger

SSSV Application

Tubing SV

Running

W/L Retrievable Sub-S Controlled

Means of Activation

Communication route

Excess flow

Annulus SV

Tub. Retrievable

W/L Retrievable

Surface Controlled

Open & Close Element

Surface Controlled

Pressure drop

Hydraulic Annulus

Tub. Retrievable

Control line

Ball

Hydraulic

Electric

Cable

Flapper

Wireless

Poppet

Control line

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Subsurface Safety Valves Deploying and retrieving 1.

Wireline retrievable (WLRSV) •

• •

2.

Deployed on a wireline running tool to be installed in an appropriate landing nipple. Easy installation and removal by W/L. A significantapplications restriction in flow path.

Tubing Retrievable (TRSV) • • •

integral part of tubing no restriction in flow path ID must pull tubing to repair.

TRSV

WLRSV

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Subsurface Safety Valves Types

TR & WLR Safety Valve Landing Nipple

25

Top Sub

LOCK MANDREL

Functional Sub-assembly

SAFETY VALVE

Bottom Sub

Wireline and Tubing Retrievable Sub-Surface Safety Valve Criteria

WRSV Applications

TRSV Applications

General application: where intervention by wireline is available

General application: where larger flow area is desired for the tubing size

High pressure gas wells

High volume oil and gas wells

Extreme hostile environments where well fluids or temperatures tend to shorten the life of component materials

Subsea completions

High velocity wells with abrasive production

Multiple zone completions where several flow control devices are set beneath the TRSV Greater depth setting capabilities

Flapper type

27

Ball type A steel ball with a vertical axial hole of the same ID as the valve, rotates on its horizontal axis for closure. Rapidly being replaced by the flapper system

28

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Subsurface Safety Valves Recommended minimum setting depth Offshore • 50 meter below the deepest pile penetration applications Onshore • 100 meter below ground level

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Subsurface Safety Valves Recommended minimum setting depth • The average setting depth for surface-controlled subsurface safety valves is approximately 500 feet. • factors that contribute to this setting depth.

1. hydrate formation applications 2. paraffins, 3. drilling kick-off points 4. government regulations.

Casing

Casing

Tubing valve control line

Tubing valve control line

TR-SCSSV

TR-SCSSV

Annulus valve control line

Annulus valve control line

Tubing Wireline Retrievable Annulus Safety Valve

Annulus Safety Valve

Concentric Tubing Anchor Concentric tubing anchor

Pack-off tubing hanger

Integral annulus safety valve

Pack-off tubing hanger

Wire line retrievable annulus safety valve

Self-Equalizing SC-SSSV

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10

Production Tubing Downhole Equipment

Eng. El Sayed Amer

10

Tubing • Production tubing is installed to allow hydrocarbons to flow from reservoir to the surface and protect the casing from reservoir fluid.applications • production tubing generally averages 28-32 feet in length.

10

Tubing Tubing is “typed” according to four criteria. I.

Size : Refers to the outside diameter (in inches or millimeters) or the tube body itself. Tubing is available in various external diameters. API recognized sizes for production tubing vary from 3/4 inch to 4 1/2 inch.

II.

Weight:

An average given in pounds/footapplications of kilograms/meter. Tubing is available in various weights for each particular size.

III. Grade: Term used to describe the type of metal alloy of which the pipe is made. J-55, N-80, P105.

IV. Thread: Design of the connection on either end of the pipe

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Tubing Tubing is “typed” according to four criteria. I.

Size:

is the outside diameter of the pipe body. The most used sizes are: applications 2-⅜” , 2-⅞” , 3-½” and 4-½”.

Yield Strengths YIELD STRENGTH ksi GRADE

Minimum

Maximum

J-55 (Tubing) 55 80 K-55 (Casing) 55 80 C-75 75 90 L-80 80 95 N-80 80 110 C-95 95 110 P-105 (Tubing) 105 135 P-110 (Casing) 110 140 * Heat treatments as follows: N = Normalised N&T = Normalised and Tempered Q&T = Quenched and Tempered.

HEAT TREATMENT* N&T, Q&T Q&T N,N&T,Q&T Q&T Q&T Q&T

TYPICAL HARDNESS (Rockwell) 14-26 23 max. 16-25 18-25 25-32 27-35

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Tubing Tubing is “typed” according to four criteria. II.

Length:

Tubulars are manufactured in lengths termed joints ✓ range 1 : 20 to applications 24 feet; ✓ range 2 : 28 to 32 feet; ✓ range 3 : 32 to 48 feet Pup joints or spacers are used for shorter lengths. Tubing Ranges Range 1 (feet)

Range 2 (feet)

Range 3 (feet)

20-24

28-32

38-42

10

Tubing

applications

PUP JOINTS Pup joints are short tubing joints that give flexibility in attaining a desired tubing length

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