31-samss-001

Materials System Specification 31-SAMSS-001 23 August 2017 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, & Steam Turbines Stds Committee

Contents Part 1 – General Requirements ............................... 2 1 Scope ................................................................ 2 2 Normative References ...................................... 3 4 General ............................................................. 5 5 Accessories..................................................... 13 6 Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipment ......................... 18 7 Supplier’s Data................................................ 21 Part 1 – Annex E.................................................... 23 Part 1 – Annex J - Material Selection and Joining Methods for Auxiliary Piping......... 27 Part 2 – Non-Integrally Geared Centrifugal and Axial Compressors ............................ 31 5 Accessories..................................................... 33 6 Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipment ............................................. 33 Part 3 – Integrally Geared Compressors ............... 35 6 Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipment ............................................. 36 Part 4 – Expander-Compressors ........................... 37 6 Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipment ............................................. 38 Revision Summary................................................. 38

Previous Issue: 17 March 2013

Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Page 1 of 38

Contact: Ghamdi, Abdulrahman A. (ghamaa5l) on phone +966 13 880-9943 ©Saudi Aramco 2017. All rights reserved.

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

The following parts and paragraph numbers refer to API STD 617, Eighth Edition, which is a part of this specification. The text in each paragraph below is an addition, unless noted as an exception, modification, or deletion to API STD 617. Paragraph numbers not appearing in API STD 617 are new paragraphs to be inserted in numerical order. The requirements of this specification have precedence over the content of API STD 617. Part 1 – General Requirements 1

Scope 1.1

Scope (Modification) This specification, together with the Data Sheet (SA-2812) and the Purchase Order, covers mandatory requirements for centrifugal, axial, and integrally geared compressors and expander-compressors.

1.1.2

Experience Requirements Compressor Systems shall be supplied by Vendors qualified by experience in manufacturing the units proposed. To qualify, the Vendor must have manufactured at the proposed location of manufacture at least two compressors/expanders of comparable design and configuration, speed, power rating, and discharge pressure for a gas of comparable characteristics to that of the intended duty. These compressors/expanders must have been in continuous operation for two years or more without problems. If the proposed location of manufacture is other than the Vendor's originally approved facility (for example a licensee facility or an acquired/merged facility) the Vendor must demonstrate compliance with these qualification requirements for that facility. The Vendor must demonstrate his experience on an individual component and service condition basis, as listed below. Experience need not be concentrated in a single reference, but may be spread through several operating referenced designs. To qualify, the component installed in these machines must have been in continuous operation in equivalent or more severe duty for two years or more without problems. The critical areas relative to equivalent service conditions which must be demonstrated to the satisfaction of Saudi Aramco include, but are not limited to the following: 1) 2)

Pressure Gas composition, contaminants, Mol.Weight, and highest density Page 2 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

3) 4) 5) 6)

Volumetric capacity and volume ratio Power rating Speed and Distance between bearings Temperature

The critical areas relative to component design which must be demonstrated to the satisfaction of Saudi Aramco include the following: 1)

Dry Gas Seals and sealing system, which must be of a comparable design and configuration, diameter, peripheral speed, power rating, and differential pressure for a gas of comparable characteristics to that of the intended duty

2)

Bearing design and loading

3)

Number of stages and staging arrangement

4)

Casing size, design, and pressure rating

5)

Casing joint design

6)

Impellers and expander wheel structural design, power, and performance

7)

Material selection

In the area of component design, the Vendor must show that each component has operated under similar or more severe conditions than those of the proposed machine. 1.3

Conflicting Requirements (Exception) Direct all requests to deviate from this specification in writing to the Company or Buyer Representative, who shall follow company procedure and forward such requests to Consulting Services Department, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.

2

Normative References Material or equipment supplied to this specification shall also comply with applicable sections of the latest edition (unless an edition is specified) of the references listed below or in the body of this document. 2.1.1

Saudi Aramco References Saudi Aramco Materials System Specifications 13-SAMSS-001

Special Purpose Gear Units

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

17-SAMSS-502

Form-Wound Induction Motors 500 HP and Above

17-SAMSS-515

Auxiliary Electrical Systems for Skid Mounted Equipment

17-SAMSS-520

Form-Wound Brushless Synchronous Motors

32-SAMSS-010

Special Purpose Steam Turbines

32-SAMSS-013

Lubrication, Shaft Sealing, and Control Oil Systems

32-SAMSS-100

Combustion Gas Turbines

34-SAMSS-625

Machinery Protection Systems

34-SAMSS-820

Instrument Control Cabinets (Only as required by Paragraph 3.4.3.1)

34-SAMSS-831

Package Unit Instrumentation

Saudi Aramco Inspection Requirements Form 175-311900

Compressor: Centrifugal

Saudi Aramco Standard Drawings AA-036537

Dry Gas Seal System

AB-036521

Bridge Weld and Typical Brace Seal Welded, and S.W. Valves on Process Lines

Saudi Aramco Forms and Data Sheets

2.1.2

SA-2812

Centrifugal Compressors

SA-8020-415 SA-8020-415-M

Thermocouples

SA-8020-416

Resistance Temperature Detectors

Industry Codes and Standards American National Standards Institute ANSI C80.1

Rigid Steel Conduit - Zinc Coated

ANSI B16.5

Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

American Petroleum Institute API STD 617 (8th ed.)

Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services Page 4 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM A388

Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Heavy Steel Shaft Forgings

American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME PTC 10

Performance Test Code on Compressors and Exhausters

ASME SEC V

Nondestructive Examination

ASME SEC VIII D1

Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

ASME B16.47

Large Diameter Steel Flanges

National Association of Corrosion Engineers/International Standardization Organization NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3 Petroleum and Natural Gas IndustriesMaterials for use in H2S-Containing Environments in Oil and Gas Production National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA RN 1

4

PVC Externally Coated Galvanized Rigid Steel Conduit and Intermediate Metal Conduit

General 4.1

Dimensions and Units (Modification) Any drawing or data related to equipment supplied to this specification shall use the systems of units and dimensions specified in the purchase order.

4.4

Basic Design

4.4.1

General

4.4.1.1

Performance

4.4.1.1.3

(Modification) The compressor power at the normal operating point shall be guaranteed within 1% positive tolerance. For compressors with an inlet flow coefficient greater than 0.02, the compressor polytropic efficiency at normal operating point shall be 81% minimum. The flow coefficient definition is per ASME PTC 10.

4.4.1.1.4

(Modification) The sectional overload condition shall be as specified in the respective chapter for each type of compressor. Page 5 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

4.4.1.3

If sea water cooling is used, a design inlet temperature of 35°C (95°F) shall be used.

4.4.1.9

Unless otherwise specified, the equipment will be installed outdoors in a desert area, with relative humidity from zero to 100% (condensing) and ambient temperatures from 0°C to 50°C (32°F to 120°F). Metal temperature can reach 70°C (158°F) when exposed to direct solar radiation. The equipment shall be designed to withstand these conditions. Additionally, equipment which is specified to be installed offshore or near shore shall be protected against failure due to windborne seawater spray and the accumulation of wetted salts.

4.4.1.10

(Modification) Equipment sound pressure maximum levels for integrated unit train is 90 dB(A) at a distance of one meter. Control of the sound pressure level to meet the requirements of 90 dBA specified on the data sheet shall be the sole responsibility of the Vendor.

4.5

Materials

4.5.1

General

4.5.1.1

(Modification) The compressor components materials of construction shall be completed in the datasheet during bidding and submitted to Consulting Services Department for review and approval. Change of any materials after the bidding phase is not allowed unless approved by Consulting Services Department.

4.5.1.4

Compressor impellers shall be ultrasonically and magnetic particle examined in accordance with a written procedure meeting the requirements of ASME SEC VIII D1 or equivalent international standards. The procedure shall include detailed UT scan plans for the specific impeller parts to be tested. The acceptance criteria to be used are:

4.5.1.6

-

All cracks are rejectable regardless of the size.

-

Linear indications with major dimension greater than 1.6 millimeters (1/16 inch) are rejectable. Linear indications that are shown to be not cracks and with major dimension equal to or less than 1.6 millimeters (1/16 inch) are acceptable.

(Modification) This paragraph and the NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-3 requirements shall apply to all materials exposed to the gas when the partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide in the gas exceeds 0.05 psia Page 6 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

(0.34 kPa). All casing, impeller and shaft welds, including repair welds, in contact with the service gas shall include hardness testing as part of the welding procedure qualification. Testing may be performed on a sample (mock-up test). Shafts of between bearing machines may exceed the limits of material hardness and yield strength if it can be shown that stress levels in the shaft in contact with the process gas are low. Details of the proposed shaft material, hardness, yield strength, and expected stress levels must be forwarded for approval to Consulting Services Department. 4.5.3

Forgings

4.5.3.1

Forgings for rotor components shall be ultrasonically examined after pre-machining in accordance with a written procedure meeting the requirements of ASTM A388 or equivalent international standards. The procedure shall include detailed UT scan plans for the specific parts to be tested. The acceptance criteria to be used are: For straight beam testing 1)

Any indication equal to or exceeding 10% of the reference back reflection from an adjacent area free from indications is rejectable.

2)

Any area showing a loss of back reflection larger than 20% of the reference back reflection is rejectable.

For angle beam testing 1)

Indications exceeding 50% of the reflection from the reference notch or of the amplitude reference line shall be investigated; indications interpreted to be cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete penetration are rejectable regardless of length.

2)

All linear indications are rejectable regardless of length.

4.5.3.2

(Exception) Refer to Section 4.6.2.

4.6

Casings

4.6.1

Pressure-containing Casings

4.6.1.3

The use of ductile iron casings for air or other nonflammable services may be acceptable subject to the approval by the Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Standards Committee Chairman. Cast Iron or ductile iron casings are prohibited for all other services.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

4.6.1.7.3

All threaded stud or bolt holes in casing and diaphragms shall be spaced a minimum of ½ stud/bolt diameter from any wall/edge or other holes.

4.6.2

Casing Repairs and Inspections

4.6.2.2

(Modification) Weld repairs to impellers or shafts after final machining for any materials other than P1, P8, or P4x materials are prohibited. Major repairs require prior approval by submittal through the Company or Buyer Representative to the Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Standards Committee Chairman. Re-testing per the applicable material standards, inspection requirement, or requirements of this specification must be conducted following major repairs. The following definitions of repair and major repair shall be used; Repair: Any procedure that will require anything other than minor machining or grinding (e.g., welding, plating, sleeving, etc.). Major repair: Any of the repairs for the components listed: a)

Shaft or gear: Any repair.

b)

Casing (including end covers, nozzles, and pressure containing welds), impellers, diffusers, and diaphragms made of carbon steel (ASME P1), austenitic stainless steel (P8), or nickel-based alloys (P4x), any defect that equals or exceeds any of the criteria defined below: 1)

The depth of the cavity prepared for repair welding exceeds 50% of the component wall thickness.

2)

The length of the cavity prepared for repair welding is longer than 6 in. (150 mm) in any direction.

3)

The total area of all repairs to the part under repair exceeds 10% of the surface area of the part.

4)

The defect allows leakage to atmosphere.

4.6.3

Material Inspection of Pressure-containing Parts

4.6.3.2

Fabricated casings shall be nondestructively examined in accordance with the ASME Code as follows: 1)

All longitudinal and circumferential butt welds shall be 100% radiographed. For welds on forged or plate stock carbon steel parts, UT is an acceptable alternative.

2)

All other welds shall be fully examined by magnetic particle methods in ferromagnetic materials or by liquid penetrant methods Page 8 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

in non-magnetic materials. 4.6.4

Pressure Casing Connections

4.6.4.2

Main Process Connections

4.6.4.2.2

(Exception) Flanges shall conform to ANSI B16.5. Flanges above 24-inch NPS shall conform to ASME B16.47 Series A in Class 150 - 900. Flanges over Class 600 operating in a piping system shall be ring-jointed.

4.6.4.2.7

(Exception) Steel flanges shall be raised-face.

4.6.7

Guide Vanes, Stators, and Stationary Internals All internal compressor labyrinth seals shall be either of High Temperature Polymers with slanted angle teeth designed for compressor applications, or shall be of Mica-Filled Teflon [Abradable seals] with Rotating Labyrinths of steel. In gas services containing no mercury, other materials may be considered with the approval of Consulting Services Department.

4.7

Rotating Elements

4.7.5

The maximum stress, at maximum continuous speed, within any of the rotor’s components (including impellers) shall not exceed 80% of the material yield strength. Impeller shroud minimum thickness shall not be less than 3 mm. If requested, impeller dimensions and stress analysis shall be submitted for review and approval.

4.7.6

(Exception) Thrust collars (discs) shall be replaceable. Hydraulically fitted collars with axial mechanical stop in both directions (e.g., shaft shoulder and retaining nut) are required. The Vendor shall supply one set of all special tools, and procedures required for the installation and removal of the collars through the Company or Buyer Representative.

4.7.9

Any axial clearance requirement between shaft sleeves to allow for expansion shall be clearly indicated on the rotor drawing. The method of impeller attachment to the shaft and any interference fit requirement shall also be clearly specified on the rotor drawing.

4.7.10

Impellers

4.7.10.1

(Modification) Cast impellers are not acceptable. Impellers shall be made from forgings and shall be of single-piece or two-piece construction. Alternatives, with justification, require the approval of Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Standards Committee Chairman.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

4.7.10.2

(Modification) For manually welded impellers, full profile grinding of all vane to disc and cover welds is required at both vane entrance and exit for a minimum length of two inches or 10% of vane length, whichever is less. No weld undercut is permitted for the profile ground areas. Profile grinding shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of Figure 1 or Figure 2 of Annex K.

4.7.10.8

Metal plating of impeller bores is not acceptable.

4.8

Dynamics

4.8.1

General All reports on Lateral Analysis (including Stability Analysis) and Torsional Analysis shall be submitted for review and approval by the Dynamic Analysis Group of Consulting Services Department. Compressor rotors operating above the second bending lateral critical speed are not allowed, at proposal stage, without prior approval by the Dynamic Analysis Group of Consulting Services Department.

4.8.2

Lateral Analysis

4.8.2.1

Amplification factors shall not exceed 14 for any critical speed lower than trip speed.

4.8.2.4.h

The use of squeeze film dampers is not allowed without strong justification and prior approval of Consulting Services Department.

4.8.2.8

The plots in the analysis report shall be provided for the range of conditions and parameters covered in paragraph 4.8.2.4.

4.8.2.9

Bode plots and deflected rotor shape plots, clearly stating the assumed parameters shall be provided for the additional analyses to be used during the Unbalanced Rotor Response Verification Test.

4.8.3.5

Additionally, shaft deflection requirements of paragraphs 4.8.4.2.a and b shall be met during the mechanical running test and the unbalance response test.

4.8.7

Torsional Analysis

4.8.7.2

The Vendor having unit responsibility shall conduct a torsional vibration analysis of the complete train, and submit its report for review and approval.

4.8.7.7

The Vendor having unit responsibility shall demonstrate that the stress levels in the entire drive train at torsional resonance are within Page 10 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

internationally accepted safety margins from fatigue damage. The basis for the analysis including all associated assumptions shall be provided. 4.8.7.8.4

For synchronous motor driven trains, a flexible spacer coupling shall be provided. If the train torsional analysis indicates that using a standard flexible spacer coupling results in exceeding the allowable shaft fatigue stress, then alternative designs (e.g., quill-shaft spacer coupling, torsionally damping coupling) shall be proposed. Minimum acceptable design life for all train components in units passing through torsional resonances during start-up shall be 1,000 starts.

4.8.8

Vibration and Balancing

4.8.8.2.2

If a rotating element has to be disassembled after final balancing to allow for compressor assembly, a balance repeatability check shall be carried out in accordance with this paragraph.

4.8.8.3.2

Operating-speed balancing is an acceptable alternative to low-speed sequential balancing.

4.8.8.9

Runout measurements on other supports equivalent to V-blocks are acceptable.

4.9

Bearings and Bearing Housings

4.9.1

General

4.9.1.1

Magnetic bearings, when specified, shall meet the requirements of Part 1 - Annex E.

4.9.1.2

Bearing metal temperature shall not exceed 105°C (221°F) at the loaded area based on an oil inlet temperature of 60°C (140°F), design bearing clearances and seal clearances that cause highest load.

4.9.2

Hydrodynamic Radial Bearings

4.9.2.1

Hydrodynamic radial bearings shall be of tilt-pad design and shall be split for ease of assembly.

4.9.4

Bearing Housings

4.9.4.4

Wiring shall exit bearing housings using oil resistant and waterproof fittings with oil resistant elastomer compression inserts to ensure zero leakage of oil [Cable Gland seal].

4.9.4.6

(Exception) Any oil flow control orifices used within the housing shall be replaceable and shall be clearly marked with the part number and/or orifice Page 11 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

size. Minimum orifice diameter is 316 " (4.75 mm). They shall also be identified on the assembly drawing. 4.10

Shaft End Seals

4.10.1

General

4.10.1.1

Dry gas seals shall be provided for all flammable and toxic services.

4.10.1.3

(Modification) The maximum sealing pressure shall be at least equal to the maximum specified discharge pressure.

4.10.4

Self-Acting Dry Gas Seal

4.10.4.1

(Modification) The seals shall be of the tandem arrangement with intermediate labyrinth and an isolating (tertiary) seal between the bearing housing and the seal chamber. Double seals may be considered in lieu of the tandem arrangement, with approval, for toxic gases or compressors with suction pressures lower than the highest flare header pressure. The isolating seal shall be no-contacting type or face type and shall positively prevent process gas leakage to the lube oil system or, vice versa, lube oil/mist carryover to the gas seals. The intermediate labyrinth and isolating seals shall be provided with nitrogen purge. The Vendor shall ensure that it is impossible to install uni-directional faces in the wrong orientation. The guaranteed leakage rate for each seal shall be stated in the Vendor's proposal and shall be no greater than 5 scfm (141 liters/min) for any service with an inlet pressure less than 200 bars. The Vendor shall demonstrate adherence to these rates during shop tests, and later in field tests at contract conditions during commissioning. The Seal System shall be supplied by the Dry Gas Seal supplier, or as a minimum, the Seal System design shall be approved by the Dry Gas Seal supplier and confirmed not cause failure or impact the reliability of any of the compressor seals. The Seal System supplier shall demonstrate in a functional test, the ability of the seal gas system to provide the required amount of seal gas, and its ability to detect and give warning of any seal failure.

4.10.4.2

(Modification) The seal system shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing AA-036537, Section 5.6, and the requirements of 32-SAMSS-013. In lieu of tripping on flow, trip may be on differential pressure across the primary seal (or primary seal leakage pressure if approved by CSD), with alarm on leakage flow.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

5

4.12

Nameplates and Rotation Arrows

4.12.1

Nameplates shall be in the English language and shall also include Purchase Order number.

Accessories 5.1

Drivers and Gearing

5.1.3

The compressor vendor shall show on the compressor speed torque curve the moment of inertia and suction conditions assumed in the calculation of the curve. Slow-rolling or barring shaft devices shall not be required on motor driven centrifugal compressors.

5.1.4

(Modification) Steam turbine drivers, when specified, shall be in accordance with 32-SAMSS-010.

5.1.5

(Exception) For motor-driven units, the motor shall be in accordance with 17-SAMSS-502 or 17-SAMSS-520, as specified on the Data Sheet. The motor nameplate rating (exclusive of service factor) shall be a minimum of 110% of the greatest horsepower (including gear and coupling losses) required for any of the specified operating conditions. The motor shall also be capable of bringing the compressor train to normal speed within the maximum safe allowable motor start time stipulated by the motor Vendor when started under conditions specified by the Purchaser.

5.1.6

(Modification) Gas turbine drivers, when specified, shall be in accordance with 32-SAMSS-100.

5.1.8

(Exception) Separate speed increasers and reducers shall be in accordance with 13-SAMSS-001.

5.2

Couplings and Guards

5.2.2

Diaphragm or disc pack spacer couplings shall be used. Diaphragms or disc packs shall be provided with corrosion resistant coatings, or shall be made from corrosion resistant materials. If disc pack couplings are used, they shall be furnished with adapter flanges. Hubs which are bolted directly to the disc pack are not acceptable. Couplings shall be capable of absorbing the maximum axial thermal growth plus the axial magnetic centering force when connected to an electric motor. Spacers shall be used for all applications irrespective of hub type, and shall be of sufficient length to enable hub and seal removal without the need to move machinery. The minimum length of spacers shall be 18 inches (0.45 m),

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

except in a compressor directly driven by turbine where the minimum spacer length shall be 30 inches (0.75 m). The coupling minimum angular misalignment rating shall be ⅓ degree. 5.2.6

Hydraulically fitted couplings (including tools) are required for compressor and pinion gear shaft ends. Integral hubs for motors and gear rotors are acceptable.

5.2.7

All coupling guards shall be fully enclosed. Enclosures shall be of sufficient size to permit adequate heat dissipation to prevent overheating. Oil spray cooling is not acceptable. The coupling guard drain shall not be used as, or in combination with, the bearing housing drain.

5.3

Lubrication and Sealing Systems

5.3.3

Lube oil systems shall be in accordance with 32-SAMSS-013 Parts 1 and 2.

5.4

Mounting Plates

5.4.1

General

5.4.1.1

(Exception) The equipment shall be furnished with baseplates.

5.4.1.2.3

(Modifications) b)

All mounting surfaces in the same horizontal plane shall be within 250 μm (0.01 in.).

d)

Different mounting planes shall be parallel to each other within 250 μm (0.01 in.).

5.4.2

Baseplates

5.4.2.1

The baseplate shall be constructed with longitudinal steel beams and fulldepth cross members. Cross members must be located underneath all supports for machinery. All welding shall be continuous. For steam turbine driven and motor driven compressors, the driver, transmission, and compressor shall be mounted on a common baseplate, unless otherwise approved by Consulting Services Department.

5.4.2.4

(Exception) The baseplate shall be provided with decking welded to the peripheral and cross members. All walk areas shall be provided with nonslip decking (e.g., grit coated). Floor plates with diamond or other patterns shall not be used. Baseplate design shall not allow any liquids to collect on the surface.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

5.4.2.5

The baseplates shall be suitable for column mounting when mezzanine mounting is specified by the purchaser.

5.4.2.10

The baseplate shall have machined mounting pads that straddle all anchor bolt hole locations.

5.4.2.12

An integrated lube oil reservoir within the baseplate is not acceptable.

5.5

Controls and Instrumentation

5.5.1

General

5.5.1.2

(Exception) Instrumentation shall comply with the relevant sections of 34-SAMSS-831.

5.5.1.8

Closed conduits shall be used for routing cables and shall be threaded, hotdip galvanized, rigid steel per ANSI C80.1. Certified, liquid-tight flexible conduits suitable for the area classification may be used only between the rigid conduit and terminal head to tolerate vibration. Conduit fittings shall be steel, cast iron or malleable iron, and hot dip galvanized or zinc electroplated. Nickel-plated brass conduit fittings are also acceptable. Additionally, for offshore or nearshore installations, the conduit, and fittings shall be PVC coated per NEMA RN 1 (minimum thickness of PVC: 40 mils). As an alternative to the rigid conduits mentioned above, armored cables routed on aluminum or stainless steel cable trays may be used. The armored cables shall be suitable for the area classification and shall be terminated using EExd glands with barrier seal at each end. The armored cable shall be individually routed on the trays not bunched or joined to adjacent cables. The cable trays supporting the armored cable shall be elevated from the skid base plate and shall not be supported by any on-skid piping. The cable trays shall not be routed underneath or across the top of the compressor and clear maintenance access shall be provided.

5.5.3

Instrument and Control Panels Pressure gauges as specified shall be mounted on a local gauge board. RTD wiring shall have dedicated terminal box(es). If a compressor control panel/cabinet is required, it shall be installed indoors and shall comply with 34-SAMSS-820.

5.5.5

Alarms and Shutdowns The alarm and shutdown system shall be as specified in the purchase order Page 15 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

and on the data sheets. For compressors driven by VFD motors, 2-o-o-3 overspeed trip protection shall be provided based on shaft speed measurement. Electric switches shall be fail safe devices that close (energize) during normal operation and open (de-energize) to alarm or trip. 5.5.6

(Exception) Electrical installation shall be in accordance with 17-SAMSS-515.

5.5.7

Vibration, Position, and Bearing Temperature Detectors (Exception) Vibration detectors, key phasors, shaft axial position monitors and bearing temperature detectors shall comply with 34-SAMSS-625. As a minimum, each compressor shall be fitted with two shaft relative displacement (non-contacting) sensors (X&Y) at each bearing location and dual axial position probes on each shaft equipped with a thrust bearing. Each compressor train shall be fitted with one key phasor per casing. Settings for alarm and shutdown shall be recommended by the compressor and driver Vendors and, where applicable, the gear Vendor. Each radial and thrust bearing shall be provided with two temperature sensors or a single duplex type sensor. All wiring must terminate in a single externally mounted terminal box that is accessible. Bearing temperature sensors shall be supplied in accordance with Forms SA-8020415, SA-8020-415-M, and SA-8020-416.

5.6

Piping and Appurtenances

5.6.1

General

5.6.1.1

(Modification) Auxiliary piping sizing, materials and joining method shall be in accordance with Table J-1 in Annex J. All piping systems shall be provided with vent valves at highest points and drain valves at lowest points. Horizontal runs in pressure piping shall slope gradually towards drain points. The minimum slope of drain lines shall be 1:50. Vents and drains shall be flanged for connection at site.

5.6.1.4

The vendor shall submit a 3D drawing of the proposed compressor skid detail drawing for Company review and approval during the detailed design phase. All auxiliary piping and conduits or cable trays shall be routed adjacent to or below the compressor. A block valve, ¾-inch NPS minimum, shall be installed in each instrument take-off connection from the main lines and shall be located as close as feasible to this main line, vessel, or mechanical equipment. One common instrument air supply and one common Nitrogen supply connections shall be provided for each skid.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

5.6.1.5

Bearing and coupling drains shall be provided and routed to their respective console return manifolds. All casing drain valves shall be located in an accessible area, outside the compressor footprint. Drain lines shall be piped separately (not to a common manifold) to flanged terminations at the edge of the baseplate for connection to the closed drain system.

5.6.1.7

Tubing shall not be used in services with a maximum pressure above 3,400 kPa (500 psig) or a maximum temperature above 120°C. The minimum size of auxiliary piping and tubing shall be ½-inch NPS.

5.6.1.8

Piping of 1-½ inch NPS or smaller shall be provided with firm, welded gussets or braces in two perpendicular planes at the take-off connection between the machinery or auxiliary equipment and the first block (root) valve. Refer to Standard Drawing AB-036521 for valve bracing. Tubing shall be clipped with clamps.

5.6.1.9

Fittings and flanges shall conform to the following Standards or equivalent international specifications: a)

Malleable iron threaded fittings, ASME B16.3 Class 150 with material to ASTM A197, hot dip galvanized to ASTM A153.

b)

Flanges, carbon steel to ASME B16.5 and stainless steel to ASTM A182 Grade TP-316L.

c)

Butt welding fittings to ASME B16.9. Stainless steel to ASTM A403 Grade WP-316L.

d)

Socket welding and threaded fittings shall be ASME B16.11 Class 3000 or Class 6000 carbon steel to ASTM A105 N and stainless steel to ASTM A182 Grades F-316L.

e)

For tubing, connectors and adapters shall be compression type meeting UNS S-31600 and ASTM A276.

5.6.1.10

Miter fittings such as miter elbows or miter bends are prohibited.

5.6.1.11

Gaskets for raised flanges shall be spiral-wound, Type 316 stainless steel. Gaskets for ring joint flanges shall be soft iron octagonal ring. Gaskets containing asbestos are not permitted.

5.6.1.12

Auxiliary process gas valves shall be in accordance with API STD 602 Class 800 or ASME B16.34 with rating as required for the service conditions. Valve materials shall be as required for the service but as a minimum shall be forged or cast steel to ASTM A105 or A216 Grade WCB with trim to 11-13% chrome AISI 410 stainless steel. For throttling service, globe, or needle valves shall be used. Page 17 of 38

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6

5.6.1.13

Fabrication Requirements

5.6.1.13.1

Pipe bends shall have surfaces free of cracks and buckles. Flattening of the cross section of bends shall not exceed 8% of the nominal pipe diameter. Bending procedures and heat treatment requirements shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3.

5.6.1.13.2

Where pipe, fittings, and flanges are to be joined by butt welds, the corresponding parts shall be matched such that any misalignment at the inside of the piping shall not exceed 1.5 mm at any point on the circumference of the joint.

5.6.1.13.3

All welds must meet the minimum quality requirements of ASME B31.3 together with the following additional requirements: a)

For pipe sizes 2 inch and smaller the first pass of butt welded joints shall be made with Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process.

b)

Permanent backing rings are prohibited, but consumable inserts of the same chemistry as the remaining weld metal may be used.

5.6.1.13.4

Brackets and supports welded on the mechanical equipment or on the baseplate shall have full length welds. Intermittent welding is prohibited. Brackets material shall be selected to prevent galvanic corrosion.

5.6.1.13.5

Shop fabricated piping shall be cleaned internally prior to installing on the mechanical equipment and prior to mechanical or performance testing. Stainless steel lube oil and seal oil piping downstream of the filter shall be mechanically cleaned at welds to the extent that all foreign materials are removed. All other piping shall be cleaned by steam, air or water flushing and if necessary by mechanical cleaning. All piping shall be completely drained and dried after cleaning and after hydrotesting. All carbon steel piping shipped uninstalled shall be flushed with a rust preventative prior to shipment.

Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipment 6.2

Inspection

6.2.1

General

6.2.1.3

Butt-welds in auxiliary piping shall be subjected to 10% random radiographic examination (i.e., one complete girth weld from every 10 girth welds as selected by Buyer's Inspector). However, a minimum of two girth welds shall be radio graphed, regardless of the lot size. One hundred

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

percent (100%) radiography is required for auxiliary piping in hydrocarbon service on offshore platforms. 6.2.1.6

Hardness, welds, etc., shall be verified per the requirements of paragraph 2.2.1.6.

6.3

Testing

6.3.1.2

(Exception) The Vendor shall submit, for Company approval, detailed test procedures, acceptance criteria and dated schedule for the mechanical and performance tests at least 12 weeks prior to the scheduled tests. Comments on these test procedures shall be submitted back to the Vendor at least four weeks prior to the scheduled tests. Other tests should be in accordance with the Inspection and Test Plan (ITP).

6.3.5

Mechanical Running Test

6.3.5.9.1

Calibration of the vibration probe and monitor circuits to be used shall be verified immediately prior to the test, utilizing a wobulator or equivalent device or method. Alternatively, recent calibration certificates for the vibration measurement circuits shall be provided.

6.3.5.9.3.1

Polar plots shall also be furnished.

6.3.5.9.5 e) Isolating seal buffer gas flow rate shall be monitored for each seal. Upon completion of the test any evidence of oil inboard of the isolating seals, by checking the drain lines, is cause for rejection. 6.3.5.9.6

The oil pressures and temperatures shall be varied through their allowable ranges during the test. The oil shall be held at minimum pressure and maximum temperature (producing lowest viscosity) for at least 15 minutes and the vibration and temperatures recorded. The same should be done at maximum pressure and minimum temperature (producing the highest viscosity) for at least 15 minutes with the vibration and temperatures recorded. This shall also be repeated at minimum, normal, and maximum continuous speeds for variable speed compressors.

6.3.5.9.7

(Modification) The test shall be performed using the design lube oil specified on the data sheet. When the lube oil specified on the data sheet is not available, the test may be conducted using shop lube oil conditioned to a viscosity equivalent to that of the specified oil at site operating conditions. Bearing metal temperatures shall not exceed 45°C (81°F) above oil supply temperature.

Page 19 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors Commentary Note: As an example, if ISO VG46 is specified and ISO VG 32 is the test stand oil, the VG 32 oil temperature would be lowered to achieve a viscosity during the test equivalent to VG46 at site conditions.

6.3.5.12

Upon completion of the test, the purchaser shall be provided with copies of all test data, graphs and charts. The data shall be arranged in a format that clearly show acceptance criteria versus test measurements for each parameter. Additionally, charts of shaft deflection during the mechanical running test and the unbalance response test shall be provided to verify compliance to the requirements of paragraphs 2.6.4.2.a and b.

6.3.6

Assembled Compressor Gas Leakage Test (Modification) The assembled compressor, with or without end seals, shall undergo a gas leakage test while pressurized to the maximum specified discharge pressure. The test shall be considered satisfactory when no leaks are observed anywhere on casing (including bolt holes, welds, etc.) or casing joints.

6.3.7

Optional Tests

6.3.7.3

Gas Test after Hydro For compressors in hydrogen services, the casing shall be tested for gas leakage with helium after the hydrostatic test.

6.3.7.5

Auxiliary Equipment Test Auxiliary equipment shall be completely tested prior to shipment to site. Testing may be performed at the compressor Vendor shop or at the auxiliary equipment supplier shop.

6.3.7.6

Post-Test Inspection of Compressor Internals (Modification) A post-test inspection of compressor internals is required only if there were indications during the testing that internal damage may have occurred. In that case, the Assembled Machine Gas Leakage Test shall be performed after the post-test inspection.

6.3.7.8

Post-test Inspection of the Hydraulic Coupling Fit After the running tests, hydraulically mounted couplings shall be inspected by comparing hub/shaft match marks to ensure that the coupling hub has not moved on the shaft during the tests.

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7

6.4

Preparation for Shipment

6.4.3.9

Loose components shall be properly identified with tags prior to crating or boxing. Individual components shall be marked or tagged with its equipment number, description, drawing number, and item number as marked on the drawing. Piping which cannot be installed on the mechanical equipment during transport for reasons of space or risk of damage shall be packed in a wooden box or crate and shall be shipped together with the mechanical equipment.

6.4.3.10

(Modification) Spare Rotors, diaphragms and complete bundles shall be fully coated with rust preventative coatings, compatible with the process gas, and shall be housed in a container with vapor-barrier, slow-release volatile-corrosion inhibitor. Packaging shall be prepared for no less than 5 years shaded storage. If specified in the P.O., the container shall be designed liquid tight for filling at site with preservation oil to fully immerse the spare parts.

6.4.3.13

The assembly of machine or skid mounted components (e.g., piping, intercoolers) shall be completed in the supplier’s shop prior to shipment. For any shipped-loose components to be mounted or attached to skid at site, the fit-up shall be completed in the supplier’s shop prior to shipment.

Supplier’s Data 7.2

Proposals

7.2.3

Technical Data

7.2.3 q)

The Vendor shall state the guaranteed rates for primary seal leakage, secondary seal gas supply, secondary seal leakage, and separation seal gas supply.

7.3

Contract Data

7.3.2

Curves and Data Sheets

7.3.2.1

Curves

7.3.2.1.1

The Vendor shall supply an operating map and nozzle-to-nozzle performance curves for the compressor based on test results. For variable speed or AIGV operation, the Vendor shall supply curves showing change of head, power, and efficiency versus speed - or AIGV position - covering the complete range of operation. Certified copies of test data are required.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

7.3.5

Installation, Operation, Maintenance, and Technical Data Manuals

7.3.5.1

General

7.3.5.1.1

Searchable electronic copies of the installation, operation, maintenance, and technical data manuals shall be provided. Cold alignment data for the entire train shall be presented as a table or a graph and shall be included in both the installation and maintenance manuals.

7.3.5.3

Operating and Maintenance Manual Instruction and operation manuals shall contain a listing of conditions that must be met to start, operate, maintain and shutdown the unit. This listing shall include all temperature and pressure settings, controller set points, etc., to serve as a checklist.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

Part 1 – Annex E E.4.4

Basic Design Any restrictions to the machine’s operating envelope arising because of the use of active magnetic bearings shall be clearly identified in the vendor's proposal.

E.4.4.1

The vendor shall also provide the following additional requirements: 

Special tools as required for installation and maintenance.



Power and instrumentation interconnecting wiring from the bearings and auxiliary instrumentation to the control cabinet.



Any required cooling systems for the bearings and the control system.

E.4.4.2

The magnetic bearing vendor shall confirm that all equipment will not malfunction when subjected to an electromagnetic field from radiating sources, in particular hand held radio transceivers (walkie-talkies), operating at 5 watts within the frequency range of 68 MHz to 470 MHz.

E.4.5

Materials For bearings that are normally not in contact with the process gas, the windings, insulation, laminations and backup bearings shall be designed so that exposure to the process gas (e.g., upon seal failure) can be tolerated without failing the magnetic bearings or the backup bearings.

E.4.8

Dynamics

E.4.8.3

Closed Loop Transfer Function Model Verification Test

E.4.8.3.1.2 In addition to the unbalance rotor response verification test, a Transfer Function Model Verification Test as described in E.4.8.3.2 through E.4.8.3.11 shall be performed. Nevertheless, for designs where the unbalance rotor response verification test cannot be performed without complete disassembly of the machine, the Vendor may propose the Transfer Function Model Verification Test as a substitute, if approved by the Dynamic Analysis Group of Consulting Services Department. E.4.9

Bearings and Housings

E.4.9.1

General (Modification) Magnetic bearings shall be designed for the maximum Page 23 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

possible static and dynamic loads under worst-case operating conditions (e.g., at worst case pressure, speed, temperature, mol. wt., and ambient conditions) in addition to surge, trip and shutdown/coastdown conditions, and while considering maximum sensor runout. For each magnetic bearing, the maximum bearing load shall not exceed 50% of the bearing’s load capacity. E.4.9.4

Auxiliary Bearing System

E.4.9.4.8

(Modification) The auxiliary bearing system shall be designed to sustain a minimum of five de-levitations from trip speed at full compressor load, due to magnetic bearing failure, before replacement would be needed.

E.5

Other AMB Subsystems and Components

E.5.1.2

The control system shall include continuous monitoring capability and remote communication with standard Modbus protocol compatible with the Purchaser supplied DCS system. The control system shall be fail-safe and shall be a fully digital system with self-diagnostic capabilities to permit identification of sensor or control board level faults. The magnetic bearing vendor shall supply a listing of all controller addresses for all signals available across the DCS link. As a minimum, the following signals shall be available:        

Vibration Shaft position Bearing temperatures Amplifier currents (DC & AC) Bearing loads Rotor speed Auxiliary bearing contact counter Control system and amplifier status

Control system cards shall be rigid, robust, and conformally coated. Each card shall be identified by type, revision number, and shall have provision to add rack, slot, and module address number if applicable. All cards incorporating edge connections shall be provided with gold plated contacts and shall be keyed to prevent improper board placement. E.5.1.7

Enclosures for field-mounted equipment shall be of 316 stainless steel construction and certified to NEMA 4X or equivalent international standards. All field-mounted equipment shall be suitable for the area classification specified by the purchaser. Page 24 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

E.5.2

Cabling

E.5.2.1

(Exception) The cable length between the skid mounted junction boxes and the magnetic bearing control cabinet shall be defined by the purchaser. The magnetic bearing vendor shall identify cable sizes and types, installation procedures, maximum allowable cable lengths, and any additional hardware required for power and instrumentation systems to provide reliable control and power operations over the distance specified. All cable between skid edge and remote control cabinets shall be suitable for direct burial.

E.5.3

Rotor Position Sensors

E.5.3.1

Redundant position sensors shall be provided and connected to enable external switching of sensors without dismantling any part of the compressor or bearing assemblies.

E.6.3

Testing

E.6.3.4

The complete job control system shall be connected for each bearing and rotor system during the performance and mechanical running tests. Preliminary tuning of the bearing system shall be carried out to center the rotor in the bearings, and the rotor shall be brought to running speed and held there for a four-hour period. Following this run, during the unbalance rotor response verification test with an unbalance weight equivalent to the allowable unbalance limit placed at an agreed upon location, the rotor shall be rerun maintaining the same control tuning, and the vibration and bearing loads shall be recorded. The controller shall then demonstrate the ability of the system to compensate for the unbalance. Finally, the power shall be cut and the ability of the back-up bearings to handle the rotor load during shutdown shall be verified.

E.6.3.5

(Exception) The bearings and control system shall be tested to verify the load capability of the bearings. This may be done statically but shall be no less than 1.5 times the maximum design loads in both radial and axial directions.

E.10

Documentation In addition to documentation requirements specified in other paragraphs of this specification, the magnetic bearing vendor shall provide an electronic, searchable, complete maintenance and operation manual for the system. This manual shall include as a minimum: Page 25 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors



Full cross sectional and assembly drawings of the bearings



Full bearing parts list



Installation instructions



Alarm and trip settings list



Control system wiring and one-line diagrams



Control protection sequence, functional logic diagrams, and cause and effect diagrams



Control strategy, controller modes, and recommended tuning parameters



Control system parts list and recommended spare parts



Component test procedures and tuning procedure for the control system



Control system assembly drawing showing location of cards, components, etc.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

Part 1 – Annex J - Material Selection and Joining Methods for Auxiliary Piping Table J-1 – Sizing, Material Selection, and Joining Methods for Auxiliary Piping Service Control, Lube, Seal, and Hydraulic oil Auxiliary Process Gas (e.g., drain, vent) Nitrogen, Instrument, or Plant Air Instrument Process Lines Steam

Size Range inches ½ in. thru 1-½ in 2 in. and Larger ½ in. thru 1-½ in 2 in. and Larger ½ in. thru 1-½ in 2 in. and Larger ½ in. thru 1-½ in 2 in. and Larger ½ in. thru 1-½ in 2 in. and Larger

Pipe Material (1,2) SS SS CS (7), SS CS (7), SS SS, GS SS, GS CS, SS

Pipe Joining (3,4,5) BW, FG, SW, TS BW, FG BW, FG, SW BW, FG BW, FG, SW, TC, TS BW, FG, TC BW, FG, SW

Tubing Material (6) ST

CS CS

BW, FG, TC, TS BW, FG, TC FG, TC BW, FG, SW, TC FG, TC BW, FG BW, FG, SW BW, FG

ST

½ in. thru 1-½ in

GS, CS

2 in. and Larger

GS, CS

½ in. thru 1-½ in 2 in. and Larger

(8) (8)

Utility Water

Sea Water

ST ST ST

ST

Table Legend: CS

Carbon Steel Pipe: API 5L Seamless, ASTM A106 Grade B, or equivalent

SS

Stainless Steel Pipe: ASTM 316L (weldable)

GS

Galvanized Steel Pipe: ASTM A53, API Grade B, or equivalent

BW

Buttwelded

FG

Flanged

SW

Socket Welded

TC

Threaded and Coupled

TS

Threaded and Coupled, Seal Welded

ST

Stainless Steel Tube: ASTM A269; TP-316 without welding (TP-316L with welding)

Table Notes: 1)

The minimum wall thickness of piping and butt welding fittings shall be Schedule 40 for sizes larger than 2-inch and Schedule 80 for sizes 2-inch and smaller. For lube oil service, Schedule 10S is acceptable for sizes 2-inch and larger.

2)

Galvanized steel pipe and malleable iron fittings are limited to temperatures between 0 and 90°C.

3)

Flanges, socket welding and threaded fittings shall be the class, rating or wall thickness to match the pipe ratings. Galvanized steel pipe Schedule 40 and malleable iron fittings shall be Class 150.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors 4)

Threaded connections shall conform to ASME B1.20.1 Pipe Threads. The material of the first threaded nipple to mechanical equipment shall be compatible with the material of the equipment and the thickness shall be minimum of Schedule 80. Socket welding and threaded joints are limited to sizes 1-½-inch and smaller.

5)

Socket welded or threaded fittings may be used where indicated for temperatures between -18 and 400°C. Above 400°C flanged connections are required. Socket welded end connections shall take preference over threaded and seal welded connections.

6)

Tubing may be used instead of pipe beyond the first valve in a line where socket welded or threaded connections are normally permitted. For tubing, connectors and adapters shall be compression type meeting UNS S-31600 and ASTM A276.

7)

Corrosion resistant of selected material shall be based on the process fluid and operating conditions.

8)

For sea water service, the material shall be stainless steel UNS S31254 welded with ERNiCrMo-3.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

Part 1 – Annex K

Figure 1

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

Figure 2

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

Part 2 – Non-integrally Geared Centrifugal and Axial Compressors 4.4

Basic Design

4.4.1.1

(Exception) The sectional head-capacity characteristic curve shall rise continuously from maximum capacity point to surge point for the entire operating window range (from minimum to maximum speeds or variable Guide Vane positions) without the use of any restriction orifices. The compressor shall be capable of continuous operation at any point within the entire operating window range enclosed by the compressor curves in the Vendor’s proposal. The Vendor shall guarantee that, at normal speed, the head at the surge point will be at least 105% of the head at the normal operating point on the curve. The Vendor shall indicate clearly in the proposal datasheet and curves if any of the operating points specified on the data sheets will be within 10% or less from surge capacity. The Vendor shall also guarantee that the surge capacity (without the use of a bypass) shall be no more than 70% of the Normal operating point flow. The head-capacity curve at 100% speed shall extend to at least 110% of the flow at Compressor Rated Point. Surge capacities up to 80% of Normal flow and end of curve capacities down to 105% of Rated flow may be accepted for service gases having higher than 40 Molecular Weight if variable guide vanes or variable speed operation is provided. The Vendor shall specify relative inlet and absolute outlet Mach numbers at maximum continuous speed and rated operating point for each impeller exceeding the following limits: For hydrocarbon gas service:

0.7 relative Mach at impeller inlet (eye)

For other services:

0.9 relative Mach at impeller inlet (eye)

4.6

Casings

4.6.1.3

Radially split casings shall have forged steel end cover(s) (head) if the maximum allowable working pressure exceeds 6,900 kPa ga (1,000 psig). Each end cover of a radially split compressor shall be utilize a minimum of two radial O-rings to seal the end cover to casing. The O-rings shall be continuous, and not of the jointed/glued type. In corrosive gas services, the O-rings seal grooves and landings shall all be coated or weld-overlaid with Inconel alloy.

4.6.1.5

(Modification) Except for air services, O-rings are not permitted in the top and bottom flanges of axially split compressor casings. Page 31 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

4.7

Rotating Elements The maximum number of stages for centrifugal compressors, including dummy stages, shall be limited to nine (9), unless supported by a Level II rotordynamic stability analysis and evidence is provided of experience at higher speeds with similar material rotors of greater bearing span and smaller middle diameter.

4.7.2

Shafts

4.7.2.2

(Exception) Shafts shall be of one-piece design. Modular (through-bolt) rotors are not acceptable.

4.7.3

Thrust Balancing

4.7.3.3

The Vendor shall provide a differential pressure indicating transmitter showing the differential pressure between the balancing chamber and the balance line outlet.

4.9

Bearings and Bearing Housings

4.9.2

Hydrodynamic Radial Bearings

4.9.2.2

(Modification) Radial bearings shall be tilting-pad design, with steelbacked babbitted replaceable precision bored pads. Other bearing designs may be considered with the approval of Consulting Services Department.

4.9.3

Hydrodynamic Thrust Bearings

4.9.3.6

When directed lube thrust bearings are used, their design shall ensure that the directed lube oil passages will not be plugged. Flooded lube thrust bearings are also acceptable.

4.9.4

Bearing Housings

4.9.4.1

A non-separable lower-half of the bearing housing is acceptable provided that access to the bearings does not require disassembly of the casing. An atmospheric air gap between the compressor casing and the bearing housing is not acceptable.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

5

Accessories 5.4

Mounting Plates The Vendor shall provide sufficient baseplate space with a clear area at the non-drive end of the compressor to accommodate inner barrel removal. All required tools and detailed procedures for inner barrel removal shall be provided by the Vendor. Any anti-friction bearings used for barrel support shall be sized for the full barrel load.

6

Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipment 6.3.1

Mechanical Running Test

6.3.1.1.10

(Modification) After operating at the Minimum Operating Speed (MOS) for at least 10 minutes, the equipment shall be operated at speed increments of approximately 10% from MOS to the MCS and then run at MCS until bearing metal temperatures and shaft vibrations have stabilized.

6.3.3.1

Factory Performance Test

6.3.3.1.1

A performance test shall be conducted in the Vendor's shop for each compressor service to verify the predicted aerodynamic and thermodynamic performance. Reynolds number correction shall not be applied to performance test data. All proposal performance curves shall be corrected and reissued based on the results of the performance test. If the test fails to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this specification, the Vendor shall modify the compressor and repeat the complete test at no additional cost to the Buyer.

6.3.3.1.2

In addition to the test points specified in 6.3.3.1.5, test points for compressors with variable operation (e.g., Variable Speed, AIGVs) shall also include surge, intermediate and maximum capacities at maximum, minimum and at least three intermediate speeds or AIGV positions (including speeds or guide vane positions corresponding to operating conditions specified on the datasheet).

6.3.3.1.3

(Modification) The tolerances for power, surge and end of curve (capacity limit or overload) shall be in accordance with the requirements of 4.4.1.1 in this specification.

6.3.3.1.5

(Modification) The tolerances for power, surge and end of curve (capacity limit or overload) shall be in accordance with the requirements of 4.4.1.1 in this specification. Compressor test points shall include a minimum of five points: Page 33 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

- The capacity limit or overload - An intermediate point between the capacity limit and the Normal operating point (could be the Compressor Rated Point if it’s different form the Normal operating point) - The Normal operating point (obtained by two bracketing points) - An intermediate point between the Normal operating point and surge - Surge point 6.3.3.2

Complete Unit Test (Modification) In lieu of separate Mechanical Running Tests of individual components, a complete unit test may be performed. This is also applicable for Full-load/Full-pressure/Full-speed testing which can additionally substitute for the compressor Performance Test.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

Part 3 – Integrally Geared Compressors 4.4.1

Performance

4.4.1.1

(Exception) unless otherwise specified, Adjustable Inlet Guide Vanes (AIGVs) shall be the main method of performance variation. The headcapacity characteristic curve shall rise continuously from maximum capacity point to surge point for the range from minimum vane position to maximum vane position without the use of any restriction orifices. The Vendor shall guarantee that the head at the surge point will be at least 105% of the head at the normal operating point on the curve. The compressor, without the use of a bypass, shall be capable of continuous operation at any point within the operating window enclosed by the curves submitted in the Vendor’s proposal. The Vendor shall also guarantee that the surge capacity (without the use of a bypass) shall be no more than 80% of the capacity at normal operating point. The Vendor shall also indicate if any of the other operating points specified on the data sheets will be within 10% from surge capacity. The head-capacity curve of the rated point shall extend to at least 105% of the capacity at Compressor Rated Point. The Vendor shall specify relative inlet and absolute outlet Mach numbers at maximum continuous speed and rated operating point for each impeller exceeding the following limits: For hydrocarbon gas service:

0.7 relative Mach at impeller inlet (eye)

For other services:

0.9 relative Mach at impeller inlet (eye)

Curves shall be provided showing the surge capacity and normal operating point for each section and for overall operation. 4.4.1.2

(Modification) Unless otherwise specified, the design lubricant shall be hydrocarbon oil of viscosity Grade 46 with a FZG load stage of 5.

4.9.3

Hydrodynamic Thrust Bearings

4.9.3.1

(Modification) Flat-land, tapered-land or antifriction thrust bearings are not allowed.

5.5.7

Vibration, Position, and Bearing Temperature

5.5.7.7

Vibration detectors, key phasors, shaft axial position monitors, and bearing temperature detectors shall be in accordance with 34-SAMSS-625. Page 35 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

An accelerometer shall be provided, mounted horizontally on the gearbox shaft bearing housing. 6

Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipment 6.3

Testing

6.3.3.1

Performance Test (Exception) A performance test shall be conducted in the Vendor's shop for each compressor service to verify the predicted aerodynamic and thermodynamic performance. The test shall be in accordance with 6.3.3.1 of Part 2 as modified by this specification.

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Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

Part 4 – Expander-Compressors 4.4

Basic Design

4.4.2

(Modification) The compressor shall be capable of continuous operation at any point within the entire operating window range enclosed by the compressor curves in the Vendor’s proposal. The head-capacity characteristic curve shall rise continuously from maximum capacity point to surge point for the range from minimum speed to maximum continuous speed without the use of any restriction orifices. The Vendor shall guarantee that, at normal speed, the head at the surge point will be at least 105% of the head at the normal operating point on the curve. The Vendor shall also guarantee that the turndown capacity (without the use of a bypass) shall be no more than 70% of the capacity at normal operating point. The Vendor shall also indicate if any of the other operating points specified on the data sheets will be within 10% from surge capacity. The head-capacity curve at 100% speed shall be guaranteed to extend to at least 110% of the capacity at the Compressor Rated Point. The Vendor shall specify relative inlet and absolute outlet Mach numbers at maximum continuous speed and rated operating point for each impeller exceeding the following limits:

4.5

For hydrocarbon gas service:

0.7 relative Mach at impeller inlet (eye)

For other services:

0.9 relative Mach at impeller inlet (eye)

Materials Turbo-expander and compressor impeller materials shall be limited to Anodized Aluminum, Titanium, or Stainless Steel alloys.

4.9

Bearings and Bearing Housings

4.9.1

General

4.9.1.1

(Exception) Unless otherwise specified, magnetic bearings meeting the requirements of Part 1 - Annex E shall be provided. The design shall be such that the magnetic bearing stationary components can be removed and replaced as a single unit (cartridge design).

5.5.5

Permanent Strainer

5.5.5.1

A permanent strainer for installation in a removable spool shall be provided per the requirements of this paragraph. Page 37 of 38

Document Responsibility: Compressors, Gears, and Steam Turbines Stds Committee 31-SAMSS-001 Issue Date: 23 August 2017 Next Planned Update: 23 August 2020 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-Compressors

6

Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipment 6.3

Testing

6.3.5.1

Performance Test The expander and the compressor shall be performance tested in accordance with paragraphs 6.3.5.1.1 through 6.3.5.1.4 of this section.

Revision Summary 30 April 2013 23 August 2017

Revised the “Next Planned Update.” Reaffirmed the content of the document, and reissued with minor revision to improve equipment efficiency, reliability, and value. Major revision, removed 01-SAMSS-017 reference, and updated to API STD 617, 8th Edition.

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