4. Well Intervention Introduction

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W e l l

c o m p l e t i o n

a n d

i n t e r v e n t i o n

Well Intervention Course

Eng. Elsayed Amer

2

Petroleum Engineer

BSC Of petroleum & NG engineering

Phone : 01065860658

Senior Process & Production Engineer

Email: [email protected]

Now petroleum Eng. At SUCo & RWE DEA

https://www.facebook.com/elsayedameer

Worked for weatherford drilling international

Married with twins Mai & Nada.

Page 3

About well Intervention

Welcome Introductions A well intervention, or well work over , are an essential operations taken place on a well during its life cycle which will need attention and familiarity to deal with its situations.

WELL INTERVENTION Well intervention Well intervention is defined as any operation performed on an

oil or gas well, throughout the well’s productive life or at the end of the productive life, in order to improve production performance, to extend production life, and to change condition of the well and well geometry. • Heavy intervention • Light intervention

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Workover Operation Workover: The process of performing major maintenance or remedial

treatments on an oil or gas well.

• Increase or restore hydrocarbon production • Decrease water production • Repair mechanical failures

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WELL INTERVENTION IWCF Definition: Well Intervention is a well service operation conducted on live wells. (Pressure Control) – 3 Barriers No guarantee that Well Intervention may succeed to achieve the objectives. & Workover is a well service operation conducted on dead wells. High potential damage to the formation if kill fluids is not properly calculated. (Well Control) – 2 Barriers

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WELL INTERVENTION Typical interventions services include, ● Wireline ● Tractors ● Coiled Tubing ● Hydraulic Workover

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Page 8

Introduction

Well Intervention

Workover

Well Intervention Operations

Rig

Workover

Rigless

WH & X-Mas Tree Maintenance

Wireline Operations

Coiled Tubing operations

Snubbing Operations

Well Killing

Greasing

Setting & Retrieval of DH Plugs

Stimulation

Working in Live Wells

Pumping Chemicals Into Wells

Pressure Testing

Fishing

Perforation

Setting & Retrieval of Valves

Circulation

Workover

Well Killing

Well Control

Extended Reach Ops.

Change of Objective

Pumping

Subsea Intervention MODU Mobile Offshore DD Units

Logging Operations

Workover Operations

Rig

Rigless

Workover Operations

Rigless

Coiled Tubing Operations

Wireline Operations (Slick or E-line)

Well Testing Operations (PTS or MPFM)

Well intervention

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Well intervention Reasons for Well Intervention: 01.

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02.

Remove flow obstructions e.g. sand bridge, wax, asphaltene, scale, paraffin, hydrates etc. Eliminate excessive water or gas production.

03.

Repair mechanical failure of completion accessories.

04.

Well Stimulation for production enhancement (acid wash, matrix acidizing and fracturing).

05.

Increase production by bring other productive zones on-stream

06.

Maintain control of oil, gas and water production from various zones or layers in stratified reservoirs.

07.

Monitor reservoir characteristics by obtaining reservoir pressure, temperature, electrical & chemical properties

08.

Isolating zones or wells.

Workover operations Workover operations may be decided for a number of reasons.

1. Equipment failure a. At the wellhead I. leaks at the lower master valve, tubing hanger or tie-down screws II. A damaged Back Pressure Valve (BPV) seat III. problems at the SCSSV control line outlet: leak or failure.

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Workover operations Workover operations may be decided for a number of reasons.

1. Equipment failure b. At subsurface safety valve system I. A tubing Retrievable (TR) SCSSV is faulty, or a wireline retrievable SCSSV is faulty and stuck. II. The landing nipple of a wireline retrievable safety valve is leaky. III. The control line is leaky or fails. IV.An annular safety system is faulty.

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Workover operations Workover operations may be decided for a number of reasons.

1. Equipment failure c. At the pipe I. Whether in the casing or tubing, the problems are leaks (improper makeup, corrosion), and collapsed, burst or broken pipe. II. The tubing can also get partly or totally plugged up by deposits that can not be removed by conventional wireline jobs.

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Workover operations Workover operations may be decided for a number of reasons. 1. Equipment failure d.

At downhole equipment

I.

leaks on equipment that has sealing elements (packer, locator, slip joint, circulating sleeve, etc.). a packer that gets accidentally unseated. wireline jobs that were not properly carried out: stuck gas-lift valve, wireline fish, etc. pumping problems (sucker rod or electric pumping): pump breakdown, broken rod, faulty cable, etc. miscellaneous faulty downhole equipment: permanent sensors, etc.

II. III.

IV. V.

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Workover operations Workover operations may be decided for a number of reasons.

2. Modifications in production conditions a. In order to get sufficient velocity to carry up the heavy phases (condensate or water in a gas well, water in an oil well) after a

drop in flow rate, it may be advantageous to reduce the tubing diameter by changing the tubing or setting a concentric tubing. b. When the well's flowing capacity becomes insufficient an artificial lift process needs to be implemented or any existing process has to be modified.

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Workover operations

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Workover operations may be decided for a number of reasons. 3. Restoration or modification of the pay zone-borehole This type of operation may be warranted in order to: a. Stimulate (acid job or fractunng) a zone that is producing less than expected

b.

Implement or restore sand control

c.

Bring a new zone on stream

d.

Try to limit unwanted fluid inflow (water and/or gas for an oil reservoir,

water for a gas reservoir) by remedial cementing, by isolating perforations or abandoning a zone. e.

Restore cementing to avoid communication between formation layers, etc.

Workover operations Workover operations may be decided for a number of reasons.

4. Change in the purpose of the well This type of operation may be warranted in order to: a. When the conditions in a field have evolved, particularly when water/oil, oil/gas or water/gas contacts (or transition zones) have progressed, a production well may be turned into an injection or observation well

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Workover operations Workover operations may be decided for a number of reasons.

5. Fishing This type of operation may be warranted in order to: a. When measurement, maintenance or workover operations are carried out, "fish" may accidentally be left in the well. The problem is then to attempt to retrieve them.

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Well intervention Scale Build up

Scale caused by chemical precipitation from production fluids

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Downhole Well Intervention Solutions

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1. Well testing 2. Wireline

1. Repairing 2. Recomplete

1. Wireline 2. Coiled Tubing 3. Snubbing Unit

1. Well killing

1. Greasing valves. 2. Christmas tree Function test

Types of Well Intervention Methods There are different types of methods for intervention operations based on the tools and the equipment to be used.

1.

Pumping (Injection or well killing).

2.

Wellhead maintenance

3.

Wireline

4.

Coiled Tubing (CT)

5.

Snubbing Units

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Pumping A pump can be connected to the wellhead in order to inject a treatment fluid into the tubing or the vicinity of the wellbore (corrosion inhibitors, acid for washing perforations, etc.)

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28

29

30

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Wellhead and Christmas tree maintenance ❑ The complexity of Wellhead and Christmas tree maintenance can vary depending on the condition of the wellheads. Scheduled annual maintenance may simply involve greasing and pressure testing the valve on the hardware. Sometimes the Downhole safety valve is pressure tested as well.

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Wireline Operations

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Wireline Operations

36

Principle and area of application Wireline is a technique used to operate in a producing or injecting well by means of a steel

cable, usually a slick line, to enter, run, set and retrieve the tools and measurement instruments needed for rational production.

The advantages of this technique are important· 1. 2. 3.

work can be done inside the tubing without killing the well. operations are performed quickly due to the use of lightweight, highly mobile equipment and run by two or three specialized operators. money is saved because of the first two points: A. Production is hardly stopped or not stopped at all B. The pay zone is not damaged during operation (the well is not killed) C. Simple material and limited human resources are used, consequently it can be readily implemented at relatively low cost

Coiled Tube Operations Principle and area of application •

Technique using continuous thin-walled tube into pressurized well by means of a mechanically driven belt. Coiled Tubing = Pulling + Communication + Pushing + Pumping

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Coiled Tube Operations

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Principle and area of application Coiled tubing refers to metal piping, normally 1" to 3.25" in diameter, used for interventions in

oil and gas wells and sometimes as production tubing in depleted gas wells, which comes spooled on a large reel.

Usages: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

circulate at a higher flow rate. clean out hard fill and scale that require weight on the tool and rotation. install a "permanent" concentric tubing to inject an inhibitor, for gas lift. spot cement plugs. do lightweight drilling out (cement plugs, etc.). perform some fishing jobs (fish up a wireline or coiled tubing fish, etc.).

Coiled Tube Operations

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Snubbing Unit Operations Principle and area of application Tripping pipe into well against pressure.

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Snubbing Unit Operations Principle and area of application allows a tubular to be run with a check valve on the end into a live well by means of specialized handling and sealing systems. it uses tubing-type pipe lengths run in hole and made up to each other by conventional threaded connections. This means that larger diameter pipe can be used than in the coiled tubing method.

Usages: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Unloading gas wells by nitrogen injection. start up or kick off a flowing well (after a stimulation job for example). spotting cementing plugs clean out the tubing (sand. salt. paraffin. hydrates, etc.) by acid wash. clean out the bottom of the well by circulating (sand fill. etc.). spot acid, solvents, etc. opposite the zone(s) that need to be treated. inject a killing fluid by circulating (prior to workover, etc ). small scale turbine redrilling (cement plugs, sediments, etc.)

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Snubbing Unit Operations

The unit can be employed for: 1. Fishing 2. Milling 3. Drilling 4. Side tracking 5. Removing bridge plug 6. Removing cement 7. Deeping wells

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Snubbing Unit Operations

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