43-56

43. A key difference between the terms “psychological testing” and “psychological assessment”’ is that psychological testing refers to a process that: a. Is more technician like than psychological assessment b. Was first described by Maloney and Ward in the mid-1970’s c. Is much broader in scope than psychological assessment d. Involves more problem solving than psychological assessment • Psychological testing "An objective and standardized measure of a sample of behaviour" • Psychological assessment. "An extremely complex process of solving problems (answering questions) in which psychological tests are often used as one of the methods of collecting relevant data"

44. A five point Likert scale is most likely to commit: a. Severity error b. Random error c. Central tendency error d. Halo effect

A severity error may involve rating the severity of a problem below the real potential impact, leading to an insufficiently fast or thorough response, or rating the severity higher than is justified, leading to the waste of resources expended through overkill, and a loss of perceived reliability on the part of the system or rating the individual.

45. When thirty out of forty test takers answered item no.7 correctly said statement is describing: a. Item difficulty b. Validity of the item c. Item discrimination d. Reliability of the item • Item difficulty is the percentage of students who answered a test item correctly. This means that lowitem difficulty values (e.g., 28, 56) indicate difficultitems, since only a small percentage of students got theitem correct.

46. Which is true about the Army Alpha test? a. Its correlation with the SB is unacceptable b. It was developed for use in a matter of weeks c. It was designed for the use of illiterate recruits d. Its correlation with officer ratings were unacceptable

The first test, the Alpha, was a written test made up of true/false and multiplechoice questions that assessed things like the ability to follow directions, arithmetic, and analogies. The Army Alpha test was distributed to determine whether draftees could read English, but also to evaluate soldiers so that they could be assigned to tasks or training in alignment with their abilities. Psychologists aimed to make the tests fairly comparable. Soldiers were given a letter grade and those who received the lowest grade were deemed unfit for service. The men who received a letter grade higher were given simple duties. The men who received scores in the middle of the distribution performed regular soldier duties. Those with higher scores were trained as officers.

47. 47. The test developer please refer to item 50 is influenced by the theory of: a. Rotter

b. Beck

c. Rogers

d. Bandura

• Bandura's social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1977,1982).

48. 48. A psychological report should a. Use jargon b. Be read only by the client c. Be at least ten pages long d. Directly and adequately answer the referral question • A psychological report is a report that a psychologist writes to summarize services provided to a client. Although different psychologists may use different approaches to organizing and reporting information, most psychological evaluation reports will include these components. The reason for referral.

49. The deviation IQ is based on the notion of: a. A delinquency as a factor affecting the development of intelligence b. Mental age versus chronological age c. Verbal versus performance scores d. A z-score • Deviation Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a way of measuring an individual's generalized intelligence. It uses statistics to analyze a person's intelligence relative to their age. Deviation IQ is scored based on how an individual deviates from the average IQ of 100.

50. The area of the normal distribution for a T distribution encompasses approximately___ of the curve. a. Ninety five percent d. Sixty eight percent

b. Fifty percent

c. Ninety percent

• The Standard Normal curve, shown here, has mean 0 and standard deviation 1. If a dataset follows a normal distribution, then about 68% of the observations will fall.

51. . An online “IQ” test that provides result based on the performance on a single task, such as block design, is said to be a poor intelligence test even if it correlates well to school success because it is said to have low: a. Content validity b. Reliable validity c. Criterion related validity d. Concurrent validity • Concurrent validity is a concept commonly used in psychology, education, and social science. It refers to the extent to which the results of a particular test, or measurement, correspond to those of a previously established measurement for the same construct.

52. A senior instructor at the Air Force Academy insist that his “personnel test” for officer candidate school need on, consist of one question: Did you ever fly a model airplane that you built yourself? If this one item test was actually used to select their candidates, we could assume that the test:

a. Based on informal empirical criteria keying b. Based on formal factor analytic procedures c. Invalid due to the informal nature d. None of the above • Empirical Criterion Keying - An approach to test development that emphasizes the selection of items that discriminate between normal individuals and members of different diagnostic groups, regardless of whether the items appear theoretically relevant to the diagnoses of interest.

53. Which of the following self-report inventories include items for measuring mental ability? a. 16PF test

b. NEO-PI-R c. MMPI-1 d. MMPI-2

A self-report inventory is a type of psychological test in which a person fills out a survey or questionnaire with or without the help of an investigator. Self-report inventories often ask direct questions about personal interests, values, symptoms, behaviors, and traits or personality types. Inventories are different from tests in that there is no objectively correct answer; responses are based on opinions and subjective perceptions. Most self-report inventories are brief and can be taken or administered within five to 15 minutes, although some, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI),

54. . Evidence of psychological testing can be traced back to: a. Hammurabi’s code of civil law b. Public service examinations in ancient China c. Selection of candidates for the Roman senate d. Caveman challenging each other to lift heavy stones A Brief History of Psychological Testing • Although the widespread use of psychological testing is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century, it has been noted that rudimentary forms of testing date back to at least 2200 B.C., when the Chinese emperor had his officials examined every third year to determine their fitness for office (Gregory, 1992). Such testing was modified and refined over the centuries until written exams were introduced in the Han dynasty. The Chinese examination system took its final form about 1370 when proficiency in the Confusian Classics was emphasized.

55. Which of the following is true about internal consistency reliability? a. It’s measurable using alternate forms b. It’s measurable via test-retest format c. It’s measurable using the split-half procedures d. It measures the consistency over time or situation Internal consistency reliability- Consistency of items in a test questionnaire, similar items should provide consistent information if they are measuring the same thing

56. Empirical keying refers to: a. Empirically validating test scores via research b. Scoring a test based on the theory of what is being measured c.Scoring a test based on its ability to discriminate between certain identifiable groups of people d. Scoring a test using a scoring key made out of cardboard in which small holes reveal the correct answers. • Empirical Criterion Keying - An approach to test development that emphasizes the selection of items that discriminate between normal individuals and members of different diagnostic groups, regardless of whether the items appear theoretically relevant to the diagnoses of interest.