6. Wire Line Operation And Equipment.pdf

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Wireline operations intervention

Eng. Elsayed Amer

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Petroleum Engineer

BSC Of petroleum & NG engineering

Phone : 01065860658

Senior Process & Production Engineer

Email: [email protected]

Now petroleum Eng. At SUCO & RWE DEA

https://www.facebook.com/elsayedameer

Worked for weatherford drilling international

Married with twins Mai & Nada.

A Minute on Safety

Remember No job is so important and No service is so urgent, that we cannot take time to perform our work safely.

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1. Wireline operations

Wireline Operations Principle and area of application

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Wireline operation

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Wireline Operations

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Principle and area of application

The advantages of this technique are important· 1. 2. 3.

work can be done inside the tubing without killing the well. operations are performed quickly due to the use of lightweight, highly mobile equipment and run by two or three specialized operators. money is saved because of the first two points: A. Production is hardly stopped or not stopped at all B. The pay zone is not damaged during operation (the well is not killed) C. Simple material and limited human resources are used, consequently it can be readily implemented at relatively low cost

Wireline Operations Principle and area of application

Wireline jobs can be classified into three different types: 1.

2.

3.

checking and cleaning the tubing or the bottomhole (checking inside diameter, corrosion, clogging, sediment top, etc.). carrying out measurements (bottomhole temperature and pressure recordings, sampling, locating interfaces, production logging, etc.). running or retrieving tools and operating in the well (setting and pulling subsurface safety valves, bottomhole chokes, plugs, gas-lift valves, etc.; shifting circulating sleeves; fishing, perforating).

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Wireline Operations Principle and area of application

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Wireline Operations Principle and area of application

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Wireline Operations Selection of wireline

When selecting or operating with wireline, various factors, such as the following, have been considered: • Physical properties

• Resistance to corrosion • Effect of bending • Total stress

• Care and handling.

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Capabilities offered by Wireline are numerous, such as : • Isolation of the formation. • Operating of sliding side door.

• Installation/retrieval of Downhole of SSSV, chokes, regulators. • Running/retrieval of Downhole P & T gauges. • Removal of wax by scraping. • Removal of sand and produced solids. • Using electric conductor cable, packers can be run. • Checking the available depth and diameter. • Fishing.

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Wireline types Generally there are three types of wireline commonly in use: • Slick line ( single strand ). • Braided line ( multi strand ). • Electric line.

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Wireline Types

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Wireline Operations Slickline Operations

• PBU Tests • PFO Tests • Capacity Tests • Isochronal Tests • BHCIP Surveys • BHFP Surveys • TCC Surveys • SC-SSSVs Replacement • Fishing Operations • Downhole tools installation • Scale and fill cleaning

E-Line Operations Mast Operations • Production Logging Operations • Corrosion Logs • Perforation operations • Through tubing special operations

Coiled Tubing Operations • Production Logging • Horizontal Hole logging • Corrosion logging • Special fishing operations • Through tubing ops. in HOZ wells • Perforation operation 17

Wireline types a. Slickline Applications • Gauge Cutter / Centralizer runs. (Establish the well bore is clear from restriction) • Setting / Pulling plugs • Setting / Pulling gas lift valves • Bailing sand and debris • Bottom hole pressure and temperature surveys. (Memory) • Shifting sleeves

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Wireline types b. Braided Line • Multi strand wireline is used for heavy work such as fishing jobs and swabbing operations. Because the additional forces created by the well pressure acting on the larger cross-sectional area may be significant, a well is sometimes killed before the fishing job is attempted. The most common size of wire used is 3/16 in., with the options of 1/4 in. and 5/16 in. for heavyduty applications

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Wireline types b. Braided Line applications • Utilized where additional pulling force is required: • Fishing operations • Conveying heavy tool strings • Deeper access

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Wireline types c. Electric line • This is more complex and used mainly for logging and perforation.

Eng. Elsayed Amer

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Wireline types c. Electric line applications • Provides real time communication from well to surface • Unparalleled depth control • Logging • Ballistic operations • Zonal isolation • Well integrity

Eng. Elsayed Amer

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Wireline types CARBON STEEL WIRELINE • The following table shows the relative strengths of IPS. (Improved Plough Steel) wire and H2S resistant alloy wirelines: General

Comparison of Grades

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Wireline well control

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Size And Lengths Of Wire Lengths are available from mills in piece of; * 10,000 ft . * 12,000 ft . * 15,000 ft . * 18,000 ft . * 20,000 ft . * 25,000 ft .

Wire diameter:

Slickline: * 0.092” * 0.105” * 0.108” * 0.125” * 0.190”

Braidedline & Electricline : • 3/16” • 7/32” • 1/4” • 3/4”

Common wireline sizes

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WIRELINE EQUIPMENT 1- Surface Equipment 1.1 - WL Unit & Power Pack . 1.2 - Hoisting Device .

1.3 - Counter Head Assembly . 1.4 - Load Cell Assembly . 1.5 - Wire Clamp . 1.6 - Hay Pulley .

3- Sub-Surface Equipment 3.1 - Tool string . 3.2 - Service & Conditioning Tool . 3.3 - Running & Pulling Tool . 3.4 - Flow Control Device . 3.5 - Shifting & Kick-Over Tool .

3.6 - Fishing Tool .

2- Pressure Control Equipment 2.1 - Stuffing Box . 2.2 - Grease Injection Head .

2.3 - Lubricator . 2.4 - BOP . 2.5 - Optional PCE .

3.7 - Special Tools .

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SURFACE EQUIPMENT

The minimum surface equipment required to perform wireline operations is: – Wireline winch unit. – Measuring device. – Weight indicator. – Hay pulley and wireline clamp. – Stuffing box. – Lubricator. – Blowout preventer (BOP). – Wireline.

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WIRELINE UNIT

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Component: 1- Drum .

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2- Weight Indicator .

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3- Depth Indicator . 4- Operator Console .

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a) Hydraulic Directional Valve b) Hydraulic Pressure Valve

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c) Drum Brake

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d) Gear Lever

e) Wire Transverse Steering

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f) Pressure Gauges d

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Wireline winch unit. ❑ Steel drum that holds length of wire. ❑ Driven by a diesel or gasoline engine or sometimes electrically operated.

❑ Engines rated output depends on working depth. ❑ Winches are either single or double drum. ❑ One spool with Slickline and other with braided line used for considerable tension strength. ❑ The most common wireline winch unit is skid mounted and has a double drum, one with 20 000 ft of 0.108in wire and the second with 15 000 ft of 7/32in wire

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Wireline winch unit. A wireline winch unit consists of the following components: • Wireline drum • Power packs • Controls. The wireline drum assembly can be single or double drum offering the facility of running two sizes of wireline from one winch unit e.g. 0.108 or 0.125 ins slickline

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Control Cabin Grease Injection Head

Lubricator

Wireline Spool

Measure Head

Offshore Slickline Unit

BOP 44

Onshore E-Line Unit

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Onshore E-Line Unit Internal 46

Offshore E-Line Unit

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Cable

Steel wire drawn in one piece without any welding or brazing in accordance with API SPEC 9 A. – Common diameters are 0.066”,0.072”,0.082”,0.092” and 0.105”. – Three types of wires are used • Ordinary steel • Galvanized steel • Stainless steel with good H2S resistance.

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The measuring device • The operator uses this device to locate the tool string, monitor the speed, and to avoid running the tool string into the stuffing box when pulling out of the hole.

The weight indicator • displays the total load or line tension and is critical to jarring operations to avoid breaking the wire. • Types ✓ Hydraulic ✓ electric • The device will also indicate ✓ restrictions in the tubing, ✓ changes in fluid density ✓ losses or increases in weight when setting or retrieving downhole equipment.

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The hay pulley • guides the wire down from the lubricator and out parallel to the floor to the winch drum. • The hay pulley is attached to the Xmas tree via the load cell for the weight indicator.

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The stuffing box

• Provides the pressure seal on the wire and consists of a packing gland that can be adjusted by means of an external nut. • In the event that the wire breaks and is forced out of the packing, there is a an internal BOP plunger that is designed to seal off the stuffing box.

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The stuffing box

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The stuffing box

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Lubricator

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• Placed on top of the x-mas tree to allow tools to be run into pressurized well. • Serves as intermediary between surface and well. Lower part has quick union on end. • Common sections are 8ft long and depend upon length of string that is going to be run. • Widespread diameters are 2” to 4”and series from 3000 to 10,000 psi. • At the base there is a ½” bleed off valve, used when BOP is closed

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Lubricator

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Wireline connections

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WELLHEAD ADAPTER (TREE CONNECTIONS) All Wellhead adapters are crossovers from the tree to the bottom connection of the wireline valve or riser. It is important to check that the correct type and pressure threads are used on the top and bottom of the adapter. Three types are in common use: • Quick union to quick union • API flange to quick union • Acme thread to quick union.

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Grease Injection Head Grease Injection Head (GIH) is a sealing device designed for use on braided cable Wireline operation.

GIH effectively contains well pressure by pumping grease into the flow tube, forming a liquid sealing that contains the well fluids and at the same time provides lubrication to the braided cable while running into and out of the well. The grease injection outlet port provides an exit for excessive or dirty grease, allowing new grease to be pumped in through the inlet port.

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Grease Injection Head

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Grease Injection Head

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PRESSURE CONTROL EQUIPMENT 1-Wellhead Adaptor . 2- Lubricator .

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3- Wireline Valve (BOP) . 4- Stuffing Box .

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5- Grease Injection Head .

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Eng. Elsayed Amer

BOP • Located between lubricator and top of wellhead. • provides a means of well control in emergency situations. BOPs can either be single or double. • The BOP can isolate pressure with or without wire in the well. The BOP rams have resilient seals which can close and seal around a wire, without damaging or cutting the wire.

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BOP

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WIRELINE EQUIPMENT 3- Sub-Surface Equipment 3.1 - Tool string .

3.2 - Service & Conditioning Tool . 3.3 - Running & Pulling Tool . 3.4 - Flow Control Device . 3.5 - Shifting & Kick-Over Tool .

3.6 - Fishing Tool . 3.7 - Special Tools .

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BASIC TOOL STRINGS

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The basic tool string is the name given to a standard assembly of wireline tools run into the well. The tool string is run on wireline to a specific depth to perform various tasks and retrieve by the upward movement of the wire.

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It is made up of a number of basic components with various other service tools attached according to the type of

operation undertaken. •

The precise configuration of tool string will be contingent of factors such as: job type, accessibility, hole deviation, depth, pressure, completion type, log history and so on.

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Rope Socket The rope socket provides the means of attaching the wireline to the tool string. Various designs are available, depending on the size and type. The two most common types of rope socket in used are: • Conventional or knot type rope socket. • Tear drop rope socket

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Knuckle Joint • Provides flexibility to the tool string in deviated holes etc. • Prevents wire from twisting around due to tool string dragging against wall

Jars • • • •

Makes it possible to hammer with stems at end of stroke to shear pin. Use for maintenance and fishing operations. Mechanical jars can move upwards/downwards by sudden pulling Hydraulic jars allow only upward pulling

Wireline stem or sinker bars • – Heavy bars that allow string to be run into well despite wellhead pressure and friction. • Aids in the jarring of tools. • Available in sizes of 2,3 or 5 feet.

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Knuckle Joint

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Jars

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Jars

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Wireline stem or sinker bars

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QUICK LOCK SYSTEM Quick lock system tool string may be used instead of (or in conjunction with) the threaded type. The quick lock system is built into the whole range of tool string equipment. There is no need for wrenches when making up this system.

This system is faster and easier to make up than the thread type. It is stronger and will not accidentally back off since it does not incorporate threads.

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Impression Block

Uses To obtain a ‘picture’ of the downhole blockage. Example: Rope socket (with or without wire). • Prong. • Lock mandrel. • Parted tubing. • Preparation Roughly flatten the face with a hammer, then smooth with course rasp. Finish with a smooth file and a piece of steel shear stock rubbed across the face to give a ‘polish’. Ensure there are no indentations in the surface prior to running.

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Impression Block

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Slickline brushes • Used to clean the tubing. • Can remove wax, broken packing from profiles. • Slightly larger than tubing I.D. • Wire secured by grub (allen) screws.

• Does not damage nipple seal bore. • Run either side of target depth (10ft – 20ft)

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Slickline brushes

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Gauge Cutters Run prior to Wireline operations to check the way is clear. Allows some deposits to be cleared. Remove corrosion, paraffin etc.

Other Tools 1. Locking Mandrel • Carry tools screwed on under them. • Landed and locked into landing nipples integrated in the tubing or sometimes directly on tubing walls. 2. Equalizing subs • Inserted between mandrel and plug and allows pressure differential to be equalized across assembly before it is unseated. 3. Kick over tools • for installing side pocket mandrels in gas lift operations 4. Swabbing tools to start and kick off well

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Gauge Cutters

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Gauge Cutters

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Fishing Tools 1. • 2. • • 3. • • 4. • • 5. • •

Wireline cutters Designed to cut the wire flush with rope socket when string is stuck. Wireline finders To find upper end of a broken wireline and tamp it down to make it into a nest. Bell shaped and very close to tubing diameters Wireline grabs Serve to catch wire and bring it to surface. Consist of 2 or 3 branches with teeth and diameter corresponding to inside tubing. Impression blocks Identify shape and condition of the head of fish Bell shaped and filled with lead Overshot Allows broken equipment to be fished. Bowl equipped with a grapple (basket) that latches onto head of fish.

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Tubing end locator ❑Used to confirm depth of tailpipe – WEG ❑Determines relationship between winch odometer and schematic ❑Length from body to finger end greater than WEG ID ❑Care in lubricator

❑Run out tailpipe 15’, pull back and observe over-pull ❑Re-confirm depth, pull rapidly from 10’ below

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Tubing end locator

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Sand Bailers • Used to take sample • Mule shoe or flat bottomed • Different procedure depending on bailer types • Cylinder open to atmosphere – no pressure locks • Hydrostatic and dump bailers • Can be extended by adding cylinders

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Fishing necks

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