Baker Hughes Presentation

Evaluating Well Integrity

Dominic Dieseru Product Line Manager – Wireline & TCP - United Kingdom Decomworld - 28th Feb 2013 – Ardoe House © 2013 BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF USE: BY ACCEPTING THIS DOCUMENT, THE RECIPIENT AGREES THAT THE DOCUMENT TOGETHER WITH ALL INFORMATION INCLUDED THEREIN IS THE CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PROPERTY OF BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED AND INCLUDES VALUABLE TRADE SECRETS AND/OR PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OF BAKER HUGHES (COLLECTIVELY "INFORMATION"). BAKER HUGHES RETAINS ALL RIGHTS UNDER COPYRIGHT LAWS AND TRADE SECRET LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND OTHER COUNTRIES. THE RECIPIENT FURTHER AGREES THAT THE DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE DISTRIBUTED, TRANSMITTED, COPIED OR REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, OR OTHERWISE, WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF BAKER HUGHES, AND MAY NOT BE USED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY IN ANY WAY DETRIMENTAL TO BAKER HUGHES’ INTEREST.

Agenda  Casing Inspection Services  Flux Leakage - Micro & High Resolution Vertilog Service  Imaging Caliper  Electromagnetic Measurements - Digital Magnelog  Ultra Sonics

 Advanced Cement Bond Log  Segmented Bond Tool

 Combined Interpretation Solutions

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Casing Inspection Systems

What is the condition of your casing and tubing ? 3

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Casing Problems Evaluate Condition Of Casing Strings – Mechanical • • • • • • •

Evaluate Collapse Locate Splits Locate Separated pipe Locate Subs, Mandrels, Collars, and other Hardware. Locate Holes & Perforations Locating a Packer Seat Evaluate Tubing/Casing Prior to Workover

– Corrosion • Determine Condition of casing due to Corrosion • Monitor Corrosion Rate • Determine Effectiveness of Corrosion Inhibition

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Features, Advantages & Benefits

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Magnetic Flux Leakage Measurement

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Micro Vertilog & Digital Vertilog - Benefits • Discriminates corrosion type : – isolated – annular – general corrosion.

• Detects small corrosion pits on both the inside and outside • Discriminates between actual corrosion and well completion equipment. • Analysis provides a corrosion map, for easy Interpretation • Provides depth and % penetration, as low as 3/8” @ 30% penetration • Provides multiple overlapping measurements for complete 360 degree

circumferential analysis.

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Vertilog Pad Sensors FL Passive Coils: Measure any “Flux Leakage”; EC active coils: Generate a 10 khz magnetic field to induce “eddie currents” on the internal surface of casing

Signal Amplitude is proportional to % of penetration

EC SIGNAL FL SIGNAL

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Acquisition & Field Deliverable •

MV32 Data Acquisition

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MVRT-Type Deliverable

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Standard Log Format

Courtesy Texas Gas Transmission LLC Well # 15842

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Example – Micro Vertilog

Several external pits interconnected, observe the response of EC discriminator 10

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Example – Digital Vertilog

.148

.188

Two external pits. Lower pit real penetration is .188ins DVRT tool reading is 0.201ins 93%. accurate. Upper pit real penetration is 0.148ins tool reading is 0.155 ins 96% accurate. Efficiency….Data accuracy….People-oriented service

Summary - Magnetic Flux Leakage Advantages • Internal/External Defects • Fast - 120 ft/min • 100% Coverage FL & DIS • Safe – –No Harm to Tubular or Coating

• Robust – –Immune to Scale/Paraffin –Works in any Fluid or Gas

• Improving Signal/Noise with

Increasing Corrosion

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Disadvantages • Indirect Measurement • Poor Sensitivity to: –Axially Oriented Defects –Mechanical Deformation

• Speed dependent

Features, Advantages & Benefits

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High Resolution FL Measurement • Speed independent

– Increased logging speed (~200’/min) means less time on the well – Able to log slower through well head results in safer operation • Increased dynamic range of instrument allows for the operation in a

variety of downhole conditions – Ability to operate in greater range of casing weights – Ability to negotiate casing patches and provide inspection • No external wiring

– Reduced tool maintenance – Reduced down time on well site

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HR Vertilog • Increased circumferential and axial resolution

– More sensors • 144 FL , 48 DIS in 4 ½” tool • 144 FL , 48 DIS in 5” – 5 ½” tool • 288 FL , 96 DIS in 7” – 9 ⅝” tool – Smaller sensors (1 ¼’’ coil to 0.25” Hall Sensors) • Multi-axial Sensors – Results in better defect description • Quantifiable defect description – Field verifiable calibration – Increased accuracy for length, width and depth of penetration determination – Results in better input into burst pressure calculations – Data base output for long term data storage and integration into other data systems

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HRVT - Tool Specifications Length = 15.5 ft to 19.75ft Weight = 310 Lbs. Tool OD = 3 5/8 in to 5 ½ in Maximum Temperature = 350 DegF. Maximum Pressure = 15000 psi. Minimum Casing ID = 4.5 in Maximum Casing OD = 9 5/8 in Maximum Logging Speed = 200 ft/min.

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HR Vertilog - Analysis  Advanced Analysis using information from three axes of MFL data to determine length, width and depth of penetration of features. – Depth Based Analysis – Length, Width, Depth Of Penetration – Pressures Based Analysis (Based on Client Selected Parameters) • Four commonly used formulae to determine Casing Burst Pressure – Barlow, Canadian Z341, B31G, Modified B31G

 The HR Vertilog Final Report provides detailed information on each feature in the well.

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High-Resolution Analysis Axial

Radial

Circumferential

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Case History

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Features, Advantages & Benefits

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Image Caliper Applications • Pipe Ovality • Casing Deformation • Total Metal Loss • Max/Min Penetration • Orientation and Inclination • Pitting/Corrosion • Splitting • Collar Inspection • Pipe Wear

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Casing sizes 2 3/8” to 20”

Wellsite Log Output Scale/Header Section All Curves displayed in raw data format

Casing collar response profile

Min / Max Presentation

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3D Image CD Rotational Display On-Screen Data Reference Smaller ID Closure Port Sleeve Nominal ID Larger ID OD Reference

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3D Image CD

X-Sectioned Display

Nominal ID

Feature Identification

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Summary – Imaging Caliper Advantages • Direct Contact with Pipe – If Caliper sees it, it’s there

• Good Defect Depth Resolution • Detection of Axially Oriented Metal

Loss such as Drill Pipe or Rod Wear • Provides Direct Measurement of Pipe Geometry/Weight Changes

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Disadvantages • Internal Only • Corrosion Products and Other Deposits Can Fill Defects • Pits Can Fall Between Fingers • Possible Damage to Pipe Coating/Inhibition Layer

Features, Advantages & Benefits

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Electromagnetic Measurement

Eddy Current Phase Shift

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Digital Magnelog - Applications • Determines joints of casing with different weights and thickness. • Locates casing collars ,shoe of outside casing strings and other

casing hardware on the inner string e.g. scratchers and centralizers. • Locates casing erosion and discriminates between external or internal

metal loss. • Locates casing holes larger than 2in diameter • Locates severe anomalies on outside string of pipe when run alone

or when run in combination with other casing evaluation surveys.

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Digital Magnelog – Tool Specifications • Tool Diameter • • • • • • •

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3.63in, 5.53 in or 8.0 in Temperature 350 DegF Pressure Rating 20,000 psi Measurement Range 4 in to 13 in Minimum Casing OD 4 ½ in Maximum Casing OD 13 3/8 in Accuracy ± 10% in Single String ± 20% in Multiple Strings Repeatability within 5%

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Digital Magnelog Visual Response to Severe Metal Loss from Field Data

• Parted Casing →

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Summary – Electromagnetic Measurement Advantages • Internal/External Defects • General Wall Thinning • Detects Changes in Multi String Applications (Qualitative Only) • Detection of Axially Oriented Metal Loss such as Drill Pipe or Rod Wear. • Detects Pipe Weight Changes

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Disadvantages • Poor Defect Resolution – Defects Must be Greater than Two (2) Inches

• Defects Can not be Quantified • Poor Circumferential Resolution

Features, Advantages & Benefits

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Ultrasonic Measurement Principle of Operation • Rotating Acoustic Transducer: – Produces High Frequency Signal – At or Near Resonate Frequency of Casing

• Measurement Of: – Amplitude & Travel Time of Signal – Impedance of Borehole Fluid

• Detailed Images of: – Internal Radius – Casing Thickness – Internal and External Defects

• 100% Coverage • Direct Measurement of Casing

Thickness.

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Digital CBIL - Applications • Identification and Quantification of Casing Corrosion • Identifies Holes in Casing and Perforated Intervals • Estimation of Casing Damage Caused by Milling or Fishing Operations. • Corrosion or Damage Characterized According to Remaining Metal

Thickness • Internal or External Metal Loss • Casing Profile and Casing Weight Changes

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Digital CBIL - Field Examples • Joint Identification and Depth • Internal Radius of pipe and

Pipe Amplitude Image Presentation • Pipe Thickness and Image

Presentation

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Summary – Ultrasonic Measurements Advantages • Internal/External Defects • Very Good Remaining Wall Thickness Measurement • Detects Axially Oriented Defects • Direct Measure of Casing Thickness

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Disadvantages • Sensitive to Borehole Medium • Sensitive to Eccentricity • Clear & Stationary Fluid Only • No Dispersive Particulates / Bubbles in Fluid • Diffraction at Pipe Surface Due to Scaling/Corrosion Products • Absorption at Pipe Surface due to Wax/Hydrates • Slow Logging Speed • Decreasing Signal/Noise ratio as Corrosion Increases

Features, Advantages & Benefits

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SBT - Tool Measurement • The Segmented Bond Tool (SBT) service provides quantitative

analysis of the cement bond in six 60° segments for 360° borehole coverage, simplifying interpretation and cutting remedial cementing and logging costs. • Simultaneous 5ft VDL measurement provides indication of cement to formation bond.

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SBT - Tool Specifications Length = 68 ft. Weight = 1050 Lbs. Tool OD = 3 3/8 in Maximum Temperature = 350 DegF. Maximum Pressure = 20000 psi. Minimum Casing ID = 4.5 in Maximum Casing OD = 24 in with extended arms Maximum Logging Speed = 36 ft/min.

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Segmented Measurements

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SBT - Benefits True 360° Coverage (NOT point samples) – Positively locates channelling and cement voids Can Log multiple casing size in one run, saving rig time. No mud weight limits or light weight fluids limits. Transmitters and Receivers in direct contact with casing – Insensitive to Fast Formations Compensated attenuation measurement – Corrects for poor Transmitter–Receiver contacts in rough casing Relatively immune to decentralization – High quality data in deviated wells. 2 measurements simultaneously: – Pads - Quantitative analysis of cement bond to the casing 41

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Cement Compressive Strength Chart Class G Cement

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Low Impedance Cement Interpretation

3000psi 3000psi

Example only – Do not use for Interpretation. 43

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Light Weight Cements Reduce the Dynamic Range of all Bond Log Measurements

Light Weight Cements + Heavy Wall casing Significantly Reduce the Dynamic Range of all Bond Log Measurements !! 3000psi

3000psi

Example only – Do not use for Interpretation. 44

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3000psi

Manufacturing Tolerance (12.5%) + Metal Grade

Heavyweight Casing

SBT Presentation 1. • • • •

Line Speed / Tension Gamma Ray DTMN and DTMX Casing Collar Locator

2. • Six individual attenuation responses • Relative bearing curve (Shows Low Side)

3. • Attenuation average • Attenuation minimum 4. Cement map 5. Variable density log 45

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BondViewSM Alternative Geoscience Analysis • Re-scale cement

map to strength • Filter out casing signal→Formation • NB. Requires a

cement impedance input 46

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Interpretative Solutions

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Combination Service • Majority of our casing inspection and cement evaluation

tools can be ran in combination with other tools saving rig time. • SBT – HRVRT – Cement & Corrosion • SBT – MFC – Cement & Multifinger Caliper • SBT – RPM – Cement & Saturation logs • SBT – MVRT – Cement & Corrosion

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Interpretative Solutions

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Remedial Solutions & Options • TeliCoil & Cameras • MPC “Mechanical Pipe Cutter” • Straddles • Perforate & Squeeze Using Customized charges

• Plugs & Retainers. • Liquid Stone 52

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Summary  Flux Leakage Measurements - MicroVertilog, DigitalVertilog & High Resolution Vertilog Services.

 Imaging Calipers - Multi Finger Caliper  Electromagnetic Measurements - Digital Magnelog  Ultra Sonics - Digital Circumferential Borehole Image  Advanced Cement Evaluation - Segmented Bond Tool  Combined Service & Interpretative products 53

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Questions Thanks - Casing Inspection & Cement Evaluation

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