Basic Hydraulic Components(1)

Basic Hydraulic Components(1) Section 1.4

Element 1.2

Hydraulic Fundamentals

1. Basic Hydraulic System

Mechanical Energy

Hydraulic Energy

Engine

Control Valve

Hydraulic Pump

Actuator

Hydraulic Tank

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Hydraulic Fundamentals

Job

Major Hydraulic Components Actuators Directional Control Valve

Reservoir Hydraulic Pump

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Hydraulic Fundamentals

2. Hydraulic Power One (1) Engine power = One (1) E (PS) = 75 kgf.m/sec

Hydraulic power = PQ/C = L (PS)

Q (ltr/min)

Case 1 P = MPa Q = ltr/min L = PQ / 44.1 (PS)

PC (Power Constant) control

Case 2 P = kgf/cm2 Q = ltr/min L = PQ / 450 (PS) 1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Power Constant line

Areas are the same

P (MPa) Hydraulic Fundamentals

Major Hydraulic Components RESERVOIR

C SU

PRESSURE

N O TI

RE

N R LOWER TU

AREA

ACTUATOR

PUMP

TU

TO A

AREA

SY S

C A

PRESSURE

TE M

HIGH

R

CONTROL 1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Hydraulic Fundamentals

Major Hydraulic Components

Hydraulic Reservoir The Hydraulic Reservoir will store sufficient hydraulic fluid to ensure enough fluid is available for the hydraulic system. The reservoir will allow contaminates to settle on the bottom and dissipate heat.

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Hydraulic Fundamentals

Major Hydraulic Components Hydraulic Pump. The hydraulic pump is the heart of the machine. The function of the pump is to supply the hydraulic system with sufficient flow to enable the circuits to operate at the correct speed. There are three types or pumps.

1. Gear Pump.

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Hydraulic Fundamentals

Major Hydraulic Components 2. Piston Type.

Variable Displacement

Fixed Displacement

3. Vane Pumps

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Hydraulic Fundamentals

Major Hydraulic Components Directional Control Valve Directs the hydraulic flow of oil in the hydraulic system.

Open

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Closed

Hydraulic Fundamentals

Major Hydraulic Components Actuators Convert hydraulic energy (from the pump) into mechanical energy to produce force and motion. Actuators can produce linear or rotary movement

Linear motion is produced by hydraulic cylinders

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Hydraulic Fundamentals

Major Hydraulic Components

Rotary motion is produced using hydraulic motors. Hydraulic motors can turn on direction only or in both directions

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Hydraulic Fundamentals

Hydraulic Oil

What is the Responsibility of Hydraulic Oil in Hydraulic circuit? The fluid in the hydraulic system is the component that is used to transfer the flow of energy generated by the pump. The hydraulic fluid supplied to the actuators convert the fluid energy to mechanical energy. 1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Hydraulic Fundamentals

Hydraulic Oil What is the Properties of Hydraulic Fluids? Anti Wear-Additives Hydraulic oil contains a selected number of additives to increase and insure anti-wear capabilities. Anti-Foaming A liquid can not be compressed but air can, these anti-foaming additives help the oil absorb the air so as not to effect the operation Water Separation Water vapor enters the system through the reservoir. Oil moving around the system mixes with the water and becomes what’s known as an emulsion. This emulsion promotes rust, acids and forms sludge. Additives are added to separate the water from the oil. 1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Hydraulic Fundamentals

Hydraulic Oil

Viscosity Viscosity is a measurement of a fluid resistance to flow, in other words the thickness of the oil. Viscosity is important because if the oil is too thin (Low Viscosity) it may leak past seals, joints or pumps internal slippage. This will effect the work equipment performance. If the oil is too thick (High Viscosity) the work equipment will be sluggish and require more power to push the oil around the system. Viscosity Improver Additives that help maintain the oils viscosity over a wider range of temperatures

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Hydraulic Fundamentals

END OF Basic Hydraulic Components

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components

Hydraulic Fundamentals