Basic Hydraulic

Liquids Have No Shape Of Their Own.

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HYD. CLASSIFICATION Fundamentals System Components Hydraulic Uses Exit

Basic Hydraulic Fundamentals

Topics

• Purpose. • Type Of Energy. • Benefits . • Hydraulics Principles. • Hydraulics Terminology.

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Purpose 

Provide an understanding of basic hydraulic principles, components & functions

Kinds of Energy    

Mechanical Electrical Chemical Fluid

Benefits of Fluid Power  

Readily Transmitted Around Corners Efficient  

Speed Cost

•

Pascal’s Law

“ Pressure exerted on a confined liquid is transmitted

undiminished in all directions and acts with equal force on all equal areas.”

•Why We Use Fluid in Hydraulic:

Liquids have no shape of their own.

Liquids are practically incompressible.

Liquids transmit applied pressure in all directions.

•Assignment

•Find ?

HYD. PRINCIPLES HYD: STUDY OF FLUID IN MOTION.  TRANSFER MECH.HP (ENGINE) TO HYD.HP(PUMPS) TO MECH HP AGAIN( ACTUATORS).  HYD :LINEAR & ROTORY MOTIONS

HYD. PRINCIPLES •Mech.Power

•Hyd.Power

•Controls

•Mech.power

Principles of Hydraulics  

Compressibility of Fluids Pascal's Law

Orifice Effect 

Restriction in lines diminishes oil flow.

No Restriction

Orifice offers restriction

Hydraulics Terminology    

Pressure - force acting on area (psi) Force - pressure times area (pounds) Flow - movement of a fluid (gpm). Area – a measurement of surface space.

CONVERSION FACTORS           

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Liter / Minute = 0.2641721 Gallon / Minute Gallon / Minute = 3,785412 Liter / Minute Bar = 14.50377 PSI PSI = 0.06894757 Bar Bar = 100 kPa (kilo pascal) kPa = 0.01 Bar PSI = 6.894757 kPa kPa = 0.1450377 PSI cm3 = 0.264 Inch 3 cm2 = 0.155 Inch 2 mm = 0.039 Inch

Hydraulic System Components

Topics •Hydraulic System Components. • Hydraulic System Components Functions.

Hydraulic System Components        

Oil Tank Pump Lines Valve Actuator Filter Cooler

Functions of oil      

Cleans Cools Lubricates Supports Antifreeze. Transmit power.

Tank    

Stores fluid Allows for fluid expansion Helps Cool Helps prevent cavitation

Hoses and Couplings  

Connect system components Transport fluid

Hydraulic Hoses

Hose Types 1. Inner tube 2. Reinforcement layer 3. Friction layer 4. Outer cover

1

XT-3

4 spiral –

Hi press.

2500-4000 psi

2

XT-5

4/6 spiral –

Hi

5000 psi

3

XT-6

6 spiral –

Hi

6000 psi

4

716

One-wire braid – Med/Lo

625-2750 psi

5

844

Hyd. Suction –

100-300 psi

6

556

One-wire braid – Med/Lo

500-3000 psi

7

1130

Eng/Air brake -

Med/Lo

250-1500 psi

8

1028

Thermoplastic – Med/Lo

1250-3000 psi

9

294

Two-wire braid – Med/Lo

2250-5000 psi

Med/Lo

Hydraulic Hoses Types of Hose Coupling 1. Crimp On – permanent – not reusable – all pressure applications

2. Screw Type – reusable – Lo & Med pressure applications – Fieldassembled using hand tools 3. Collet Type – reusable – Hi pressure applications – Field-assembled using hand press Coupling ends : 1. Flange type – two different thickness ends for some given size hoses, determined by maximum system pressure 2. Threaded connector type – many different ends – hose Ø  1.25 inch

Filters 

Clean system  

Standard Fine

Fluid Conditioners

Filter Classifications:

•11

1. Surface 2. Depth-type

Oil Flow Through Filter

•22

•33 1. Cartridge filter 2. Canister filter 3. Screen

Filter Bypass Valve

Pumps and Motors 

Pumps 



Convert mechanical energy to fluid energy

Motors 

Fluid energy to mechanical energy

1- GEAR PUMPS - CONSTANT FLOW

Hydraulic Pumps & Motors Gear Pumps

External

Internal

Advantages :

Disadvantages :

Where used :

Simpler system  Compact design  Handle debris well  Long life  low cost

 Fixed displacement  Input speed must be increased to get more flow output  High horsepower draw

 Engine oil pumps  Transmission pumps  Low pressure hydraulic system

2- VANE PUMPS – CONSTANT FLOW

Hydraulic Pumps & Motors Vane Pump 1.housing 2. cartridge 3. mounting plate 4. mounting plate seal 5. cartridge seals 6. cartridge backup rings 7. snap rings 8. input shaft and bearing Cartridge : 9. support plates 10. ring 11. flex plates 12. slotted rotor 13.

3- PISTON PUMPS –VARIABLE FLOW

Hydraulic Pumps & Motors

Piston Pump

Fixed Displacement

1. head 3. shaft

2. housing 4. pistons 5. port plate 6. barrel 7. swash plate

Variable Displacement

Valves 

Control direction, flow and pressure   

Directional Check Relief

Pressure Valves Simple Pressure Relief Valve Cracking Pressure

Relief Pressure Setting

Directional Control Valve Valve Spool

Open – Center Directional Control Valve

in HOLD

RAISED

Raise Position

Flow Control Valves Check Valve

With A Fixed Orifice

Variable Orifice

HYD Control VALVES

•Directional

•Pressure

• Flow

Cylinders 

Converts hydraulic energy to mechanical force   

Positioning Actuating Specialty

1- Single Acting Cylinder :

2- Double Acting Cylinder :

Hydraulic Cylinders

Single Acting Cylinder

Double Acting Cylinder

Vertical Lift Gravity Return Operation

Hydraulic Cylinders Seals

OIL COOLING •Cooler

SIMPLE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT •1

•9

•7

•8

•4 •2

•3 •5 •6

• 1- Tank. • 2- Screen filter. • 3- Pump

• 4. Relief valve. • 5- Control valves. • 6- Cylinder.

• 7-Oil cooler. • 8- Lines. • 9- Oil (fluid).

Ways Uses Hydraulics   

Implement control Steering Brakes

•Thanks for your attention

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