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‘
Self-study reference and practice for students of North American English
TH I RD EDITION
a with
with answers
ur on illiam R. Smalzer ~ CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge , New York , Melbourne , Madrid , Cape Town , Singapore , São Paulo , Delhi , Mexico City Cambridge University Press 79 Anson Road , #06-04/06 , Singapore 079906 www.cambr디i벼 dge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/978052 1l 33531 @
Cambridge University Press 1989, 2002 , 2011
This publication is in copyrigh t. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements , no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1989 Second edition 2002 Third edition 2011 8th printing 2012 Printed in Singapore by Markono Print Media Pte Ltd
A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-521-13353-1 ISBN 978-0-521-13334-0 ISBN 978-0-521-13337-1 ISBN 978-0-521-13330-2
Student’s Book with answers Student ’s Book with answers and CD-ROM Student ’ s Book with CD-ROM Workbook with answers
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication , and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is , or will remain , accurate or appropriate. Book design and layou t: Adventure House , NYC Audio production: Richard LePage & Associates IlI ustration credits: Carlos Castellanos , Richard Deverell , Travis Foster,
Peter Hoey, Randy Jones , Gillian Martin , Sandy Nichols , Roger Penwill , Lisa Smith , Ian West , Simon Williams , and Tracy Wood
Contents To the Student To the Teacher
Vl l1
x
Present 1 am / is / are 2 am / is / are (ques tion s) 3 1 am doing (prese nt co ntinu o us) 4 are you doing? (pre sent continuous questi o ns) 5 1 do / work / like , etc. (simple present) 6 1 don ’ t . . . (s imple present nega tive) 7 Do you . . . ? (s imple present quest ions) 8 1 am doing (prese nt continuous) and 1 do (simple pre se nt) 9 1 have . . . and 1’ ve got . Past 10 was / were 11 worked / got / went) etc. (simple past) 12 1 didn ’ t . .. Did you . . . ? (simple past negative and questions) 13 1 was doing (pas t co ntinuou s) 14 1 was doing (pas t co ntinuou s) and 1 did (simple past) 15 1 used to . . . Present perfect 16 Have you ever . . . ? 17 How long have you . . . ? 18 for since ago 19 1 have done and 1 did (present perfect and simple past 1) 20 just) already) and yet (pre se nt perfect and simple past 2) 21 1’ ve lost my key. 1 lost my key last week . (pre se nt perfec t and simple past 3) Passive 22 is done was done (passive 1) 23 is being done has been done (passive 2) Verb forms 24 be / have / do in pres ent and pa st tenses 25 R eg ular and irreg ular verbs Future 26 ￦ hat are you doing tomorrow? 27 1’ m going to . - 28 will 1 29 will 2
If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.
… …
Modals , imperatives , etc. 30 might 31 can and could 32 must 33 should 34 1 have to . . . 35 Would you like . . . ? I ’ d like . . . 36 1’ d rather . . . 37 Do this! Don ’ t do that! Let ’ s do this!
There and it 38 there is there are 39 there was / were there has / have been 40 It . . .
there will be
Auxiliary verbs 41 1 am , 1 don ’ t , etc. 42 You have? I Have you? I You are? I Are you? , et c. 43 too / either so am 1 I neither do 1, etc 44 isn ’ t , haven ’ t , don ’ t , etc. (nega ti ves) Questions 45 is it . . . ? have you . . . ? do they . . . ?, etc. (q uest ions 1) 46 Who saw you? Who did you see? (ques tio ns 2) 47 Who is she talking to? ￦ hat is it like? ( qu εs ti o n s 3) 48 What . . .? Which...? How...? (qu es tio ns 4) 49 How long does it take . . . ? P 1 don ’ t know what . . . , etc. 50 Do you know where . Reported speech 51 She said that . ..
He told me that . . .
-ing and to .. 52 work / working go / going do / doing 53 to . . . (1 want to do) and .ing (1 enjoy doing) 54 1 want you to . .. 1 told you to . . . 55 1 went to the store to . Go , 56 57 58 59
get , do , make , and have go to . .. go on . .. go for . .. get do and make have
go + -ing
Pronouns and possessives 60 I1me he / him they / them , etc 61 my / his / their , etc. 62 Whose is this? It ’s mine Iyours I hers , etc 63 I1me Imy Imine
iv
If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.
64 myself/ yourselflthemselves , etc 65 -’ s (Kate ’ s ca m era I my brother ’ s ca r , et c.)
A and the 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74
a / an train (s) bus (es) (s in gul ar and plural) a bottle I some water (co untable / uncount able 1) a cake I some cake I some cakes (c ountable/ un co untable 2) a / an and the the . . . go to work go home go to the movies 1 like music 1 hate exams the . . . (nam es of places)
Determiners and pronouns 75 this / that / these / those 76 one / ones 77 some and any 78 not + any no none 79 not + anybody / anyone / anything nobody / no one / nothing 80 somebody l anything / nowhere , etc 81 every and all 8? all most some any no / none 83 both either neither 84 a lot much many 85 (a) little (a) few Adjectives and adverbs 86 old / nice / interesting , etc. (a dj ec tives) 87 quickly I badly Isuddenly, et c. (a dve rb s) 88 old / older expensive I more expensive 89 older than . .. more expensive than . 90 not as . . . as 91 the oldest the most expensive 92 enough 93 too Word order 94 H e speaks English ve r y wel l. (wo rd ord er 1) 95 always / usually / often , et c. (wo rd o rder 2) 96 still yet already 97 Give me that book! Give it to me! Conjunctions and clauses 98 and but or so because 99 When . 100 If we go . .. If you see . . . , etc 101 If 1 had . .. If we went . . . , etc. 102 a perso n who . .. a thin g that / which . .. (relati ve cla uses 1) 103 th e people we met th e ho tel you stayed at (relati ve cla uses 2)
If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.
v
Prepositions 104 at 8:00 on Monday in April 105 fro ll1 • • • to until since for 106 before after during while 107 in at on (places 1) 108 in at on (places 2) 109 to In at (places 3) 110 next to , between , under , etc. 111 up , over, through , etc 112 on at by with about 113 afraid of . . . , good at . . . , etc. of/ at / for , etc. (prepositions) + 114 listen to . . . , look at ... , etc. (verb + preposition)
-Ill
g
Phrasal verbs 115 go in , fall off, run away, etc. (p hrasa l verbs 1) 116 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasa l verbs 2) Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Additional
Active and passive 235 List of irregular verbs 236 Irregular verbs in gro ups 237 Short forms (he ’ s / 1’ d / don ’ t , etc.) 238 Spelling 240 Phrasal verbs (take off / give up , etc.) 242 Phrasal verbs + object (put out a fire / try on clothes , etc.)
Exεrcises
Study Guide
244
263
Answer Key to Exercises 276 Answer Key to Additional Exercises Answer Key to Study Guide 306 lnd ex
vi
243
303
308
If you are not sure which units you need to
studι
use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.
‘
To the Student This is a grammar book for beginning to low-intermediate students of English. There are 116 units in the book , and each unit is about a different point of English gramma r. There is a list of units at the beginning of the book (Contents).
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sold with 01 without a CD-ROM On th e CD-ROM , th ere are m and th esε more exer Cl ses on a11 the are diffiεrent fro l11 the exer C1 ses ln th ε book . There are also n10re than 600 test quε s t lO n s . IS
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ular verbs
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APPEHDIX 3
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Don ’ t forget th e sevε n Appendixes at the ba ck ofthe book (pages 235-243). These will glve you information about ac t1 ve and pa sslve for l11 s irregular verbs , short forms , spεlling ， and
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3
IX
To the Teacher The most important features ofthis book are: • It is a grammar book. It does not deal with other aspects of the language . • It is for beginning to low-intermediate students of English. It does not cover areas of grammar which are not normally taught at the beginning to low-intermediate leve l. • It is a reference book with exercises. It is not a course book and is not organized progressively . • It is addressed to learners and intended for self-study. Organization of the book There are 116 units in the book , each one focusing on a particular area of gramma r. The material is organized in grammatical categories , such as tenses , questions , and articles. Units are not ordered according to difficulty , and should therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learner(s). The book should not be wor‘ ked through from beginning to end. The units are listed in the Contents , and there is a comprehensive lndex at the end of the book. Each unit has the same format consisting of two facing pages. The grammar point is presented and eXplained on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right. There are seven Appendixes (pages 235-243) dealing with active and passive forms , irregular verbs , short forms (contractions) , spelling , and phrasal verbs. It might be useful for teachers to draw students' attention to these. At the back of the book there is a set of Additional ExercÎ ses (pages 244-262). These exercises provide “ mixed" practice bringing together grammar points from a number of different units (especially those concerning verb forms). There are 35 exercises in this section , and there is a fulllist on page 244. AIso at the back of the book there is a Study Guide to help students decide which units to study - see page 263 Fina l1 y , there is an Answer Key (pages 276-302) for students to check their answers to all the exercises in the book. An edition without the Study Guide and Ans!νer Key is available for teachers who would prefer it for their students. Level The book is for beginning learners , i.e. , learners with very little English , but not for complete beginners. It is intended mainly for beginning students who are beyond the early stages of a beginners ’ course. It could also be used by low-intermediate learners whose grammar is weaker than other aspects of their English or who have problems with particular areas ofbasic grammar The explanations are addressed to the beginning learner and are therefore as simple and as short as possible. The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted so that the book can be used at this level
x
Using the book The book ca n be used by stud ents working alone (see To the Stude nt) or as supplementary course materi a l. In either case the book can se rve as a beginning grammar book. When used as course material , the book can be used for immediate consolidation or for later revision or remedial work. It might be l1 sed by the whole class or by individual students needing ex tra help and practice. 1n so me cases it may be des irable to l1 se the left-hand pages (presentation and eXplanation) in class , b l1 t it sho111d b e noted that these h ave been written for individ l1 al study and referenc e. In most cases , it would probably be better for teac hers to present th e gram ll1 ar point in their preferred way with the exercises being done for homework. The left-hand page is then available for later reference by th e student Some teachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and remedial work. In thi s case , individual students or groups of students ca n be direc ted to the appropriate units for self-study and practi ce . CD - ROM The book is sold with or without a C D-ROM. The CD -ROM co ntains further exerc ise s on all the u nits i n the book , as well as a ban k of 1l1 0 re than 600 test questions from which use rs ca n selec t to compile their own tests.
Basic Grammar in Use, Third Edition This is a new edition of Basic Crammar in Use. The differences between this edition and the second edition are: •
The book has been redesigned with new color illustrations.
•
There is reorganization , so some units have different numbers from the previous edition.
•
There are many (usually minor) revisions to the explanations , examples , and exercises.
•
There are two new pages of Additional Exercises (pages 244-262).
•
There is a new CD-ROM with further exercises to accompany the book
XI
am/is/are |’ m22
My name is Lisa. ,1
|’ m
-‘
…--
not married
, "
My faJRnfe c뼈 is b1ue.:.l
1’ m American. I’ m fr om Chicago ,," ..
f |’ m
My favorite sports are tenn is and swimming
a student ‘
f My father is a doctor, and my mother is a journalis t.
|’ m
he she I
(I’ m ) ( hε ’s )
•
IS
1t
we you I are they
(she ’s) (it ’ s) (we ’re) (yo u ’ re) (they ’re)
m
M
he sh e
IS
not
1t 、Ne
you they
I are not
뼈
넓 빼
Lisa
Positive am
interested in art
(he ’s not (she ’ s not (it ’ s not
or
h e isn ’ t ) sh e isn ’ t ) it isn ’ t )
(we ’re not (yo u ’re not (they ’ re not
or or or
we aren 't) you aren ’ t ) th ey aren ’ t )
or or
、
shortforms
shortforms
• • • • •
1’ m cold . Can you close the window, please? r’ m 32 years old . M y sister is 29. Steve is sick. H e ’s in bed M y brother is afraid of dogs It ’s 10: 00.You ’re late aga in. Ann and 1 are good friends. Your keys are o n th e table.
• • • • •
1’ m tired , but 1’ rn not hung ry Tom isn ’ t interested in politics . H e ’s interested in music. Jane isn ’ t a teache r. She ’s a student. Those p eop le aren 't Canadian. They ’ re Australian. lt ’ s sunny today, but it isn ’ t warm.
•
•
(
..,..(
HOTE/...
• • •
-τ.J
g
Thank yo u. That ’ s very nice of you. Look! There ’s C hris. “ H ere ’s yo ur ke y." “ T h ank yo u."
n
’r ” i v
’
1 V
K
야
-
삐
here ’s = h ere is
앤
th ere ’s = th ere is
of dogs
d
니
that ’s = that is
|’ m afra id
J
t
~'II
더
g - Than k you.
,1
am/is/are (questions) • Unit 2 there is/are • Unit
38
a/an • Unit 66 short forms • Appendix 4
U N I T
Exercises 1.1 Write the short form
(she's I we aren't, et c.).
shes
1. sh e is 2. th ey are 1.2 Write
5. 1 am n o t 6. yo u are not
3 . lt IS no t 4. that is
am , is , or are.
T he weather fS nice today. not rich 2. 3 . T his bag h eavy. heavy 4. T h ese bags
5
Look! T here Carol 6. My brother and 1 good tennis playe rs 7 Amy at hom e. H er children at sc h oo 1. 8. a taxi drive r. M y sister a nurse.
1.3 Complete the sentences.
s
1. Steve is sick. H e in bed 2. 1’ m no t hungry, but thirsty 3 . M r. T homas is a very old man. 98 4. T hese chairs aren 't b ea utiful , but co mfortable. 5. The weather is nice today. war111 and sunny late-,, “ N o , I ’ 111 no t. 1’ 111 early!" 6. at work 7. Ca therine isn ’t at hom e. 8. “ yo ur coa t." “ O h , thank yO ll ve ry mu ch." 1.4 look at lisa ’5 sentences in 1A. Now write sentences about yourself. 1.
(na l11 e?) M y
2. (단0 l11 ?) 3. (age?) 4. (j ob?)
5
(더 vo rit e
6
My (interested in ... ?)
color or colors?)
1.5 Write sentences for the pictures. Use: afraid
angry
cold
hot
hungry
3.
、;/ l 4
thir앞￥
5.
6
/’\
때「
-% -
시 m-
이/4
% 뻐 -
1i
f
3. H e
5
4.
6.
1.6 Write true sentences , positive or negative. Use (it / hot today) It3 hot todqν 2. (it / windy today) It 3 . (l11y h ands / cold) My 4. (Brazil / a very big co untry) 5. (dia l11 0nds / cheap) 6. (To ronto / in the United States) 1.
islisn ’ t or arelaren't.
Write true sentences , positive or negative. Use I ’ m /l ’ m 7. 8. 9. 10.
•
(tired) (hungry) (a goo d swimmer) (interes ted in politics)
Additional exercise 1 (page 244)
I 써 tlre d.
It lsnlt hot
OR
todqν
not.
OR
I'm not tire d.
3
am/is/are (questions) Positive
Question
What ’ s your name? ••.. 12.'...
.. ,
arn he she
arn
•
•
IS
IS
lt 、lV e
you they
are
are
..... h e? sh e? 1t;
Da vid .
Are you married? No , I’ m single. ‘’
w e? you? they?
How old are you ? " ' . tB b
"‘ -“
25 .
Are you a student ? Yes, I am .
“ Arn 1 late?" “ No , you ’re on time -” “ Is your rnother at home?" “ No , she ’ s o ut." “ Are your parents at h o m e?" “ No , they ’re o ut-” “ Is it cold in yo ur roo m ?" “ Yes , a little."
• • •
• •
Your shoes are ni ce. Are they n ew?
We say: • Is she at h ome? / Is your rnother at h o m e? (η ot Is at home yo ur m o ther?) • Are they new? / Are your shoes n ew? (not Are new yo ur sho es?) Where . . . ? / What . . . ? / Who . . . ? / How . . . ? / Why . . . ? •
Where is yo ur m o ther? Is she at h o m e? “ Where are you 감om? ” “ Ca nada." “ What color is yo ur car ?" “ It ’s red." “ How old is ] oe?" “ H e ’s 24." “ How are yo ur p arents?" “ T h ey ’re fin e." These postcards are nice. How rnuch are they? This hotel isn ’t very goo d. Why is it so expen sive?
• • •
• • • what ’s • •
Short
= what is
who ’s
= who
is
how ’s
What ’s your pho n e numb er? Where ’ s Lucy?
• •
= h ow is
where ’s
= where is
Who ’s th at m an? How ’ s your father?
ans!νers
I’m
arn .
Yes ,
he sh e lt we yo u they
•
IS. N o,
That ’5 my seat
h e ’s sh e ’s lt ’s
not.
or
No ,
、lV e ’re
yo u ’re they ’re
are .
“ Yes , 1 arn. "
-
“ Are you tired?"
•
“ Are you hungry?"
•
“ Is your friend ] apa n ese?"
l
“ Are these your keys ?"
l
“ That ’s my sea t."
“ No , I ’ rn not , but 1’ m thirsty." “ Yes , he is. "
“ Yes , they are. "
“ No , it isn't. "
am/is/are • Unit 1 questions -> Unit 45 what/which/how • Unit 48
he she lt
Isn ’ t.
we yo u they
aren ’ t
No, it isn ’ t t
U N 1T
Exercises 2.1
Find the right answers for the questions.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 2.2
Where ’s the camera? 1s your car blue? 1s Linda from London? Am 1 late? Where ’s Ann from? What color is your bag? Are you hungry? How is George? Who ’s that woman?
b) d)
n g) h)
Toronto. No , 1’ m not. Yes , you are. My siste r. Black No , it ’s black. 1n your bag. No , she ’ s American. Fine
1. -----fJ-
2 3 4 5 6 7 8. 9
Make questions with these words. (is / at home / your mother) Iμour mother at home (your parents / are / how) H ow are y our oarents (interesting / is / your job) (the stores / are / open today) (from / where / you / are) (interested in sports / you / are) (is / near herε / the post office) (at school / are / your childrεn) (you / are / late / why)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
? >
p ? ? ?
; p ?
2.3 Complete the questions. Use What ... I Who ... I Where ... I How ...
Howare
1.1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
your children? the bus stop? your children? these oranges? your favorite sport? the man in this photograph? vour new shoes?
I I I I I I
They’re fine At the end of the block Five , six , and ten. $1. 50 a pound. Skiing. That ’s my father Black
2.4 Write the questions.
- ‘ ”
1. 1 (name?)
What 's
“
ιour
name 2
Paul. No , 1’ m Canadian I ’ m 30. No , 1’ m a lawye r. Yes , 1 am. No , she ’'s a teache r. She ’s from Mexico. Ana She ’s 27.
2. 1 (Australian?) 3 . 1 (how old?) 4. 1 (a teacher?) 5. 1 (married?) 6. 1 (wife a lawyer?) 7. 1 (from?) 8. 1 (her name?) 9. l (how old?)
Additional exercises 1-2 (pages 244-245)
아
α
찌)
야
7ι
•
answers (Yes, I am. I No, he isn't. , etc.). No mn r mR -4. Are your hands cold? f y 5. 1s it dark now? t y 6. Are you a teacher?
따ι@
•
ω
Vι Vι
2.5 Write short Am l Am m h c
Paul
‘..
5
I am doing (present continuous) We ’ re running. t
ra i
r
’ , -.‘ ‘,‘ -
” 4
‘l
·팽
Fι
/
야 야
It ’s raining. T h e sun isn ’ t shining.
Sh e ’s eating. Sh e isn ’ t reading .
,
빼 뺑 때뼈
ι
M다 π
?
T h e present continu ous is: arn / is / are + doing/ eating / running /writing , etc.
he sh e
arn (not)
•
I ’ rn working . I’ rn not watching T V.
is (not)
• • •
M aria is reading a new sp ap e r. Sh e isn ’ t eating. (or Sh e ’s not eating. ) T h e phon e is ringing .
•
매Te ’re
•
- mg
1t νve
yo u they
are (n ot)
Arn/ is / are + -ing
• •
having dinne r. You ’re not listening to m e. (or Yo u aren ’ t listening .. . ) T h e children are doing th eir h o mework.
= som ething is h app ening now: I ’ rn working she ’ s wearing a hat they ’re playing baseball I ’ rn not watching television
now
past • • • l
째聊 땅
• •
Please b e quie t. I ’ rn working. (= 1’ m working now) Look , there ’s Sarah. Sh e ’ s wearing a b row n coat. (= sh e is wearing it n ow) T h e wea th er is nice. It ’s not raining. “ Where are the children ?" “ T h ey ’re playing in the p ark ." (o n the phone) We ’ re having dinner n ow. Ca n I call yo u later? You can turn off the television . I ’ rn not watching it.
For sp elling , see App endix 5.
•
년
m w
T
K4
wnte -• wr iting danc e-• da ncing Slt • slttm g SWlrn • sWlrnrnmg
am/is/are • Unit 1 are you doing? (questions) • Unit 4 I am doing and I d。 • Unit 8 What are you doing tomorrow? • Unit 26
Jutu re
U N I T
Exercises 3.1 What are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences: cat
havc
lic
play
2.
sit
wait
5.
4.
3.
씨，ro
5he 's eatina
1.
~ ..
‘
44T
an apple
2. He 3. They
Q
6.
for a bus socce r.
on the floo r. breakfast. on the table.
F3 /0
3.2 Complete the sentences. Use these verbs: b u iI d 1.
stand
stay
s 、'V lm
take
ι
뼈
빠
、
?ι
「/
n xU
댔써
「「)
/0
Rι
,
Lω
j 껴
Ai
lcave
Please be quiet. 1 'm w약샌g ” “ Where ’s ]ohn?" “ He ’s in the kitchen. He Y on my foot- ” “ Oh , I ’ m sorry-” V m in the rive r. / ’h KM m & m we at a hotel on the beach ”w w” ” a shower ” a new hotel downtown. I now. Goodbye.
ιm야 괴페 ’댄 꺼
2
cook
3.3 Look at the picture. Write sentences about Jane. Use She's + -ing or She isn'f + -ing. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
(have dinner) ---.J ane isn't havinø...와쁘양 (watch television) 5h감 watchinι표E댄띄n. (sit on the floor) She (read a book) (play the piano) (l augh) (wear a hat) (write a letter)
Jan e
3.4 What’s happening now? Write true sentences. f'm not washin9 my hair. (I / wash / my hair) /t lsnt snowlna It 's snowin9 2 (it / snow) OR 3 (I / sit / on a chair) 4 (I / eat) 5 (it / rain) 6 (1 / study / English) 7. (1 / listen / to music) 8. (the sun / shine) 9. (1 / wear / shoes) 10. (1 / read / a newspaper)
7
are you doing? (present continuous questions) What are you doing ? Ì ’‘’
Question
Positive
am
am he she
doing working • gomg staymg , et c.
•
IS
1t 、'V e
are
you they
•
IS
he she 1t
are
we you they
doing? working? going ? staymg pr, etc
“ Are yo u feeling OK?" “ Yes , I ’ m fìne , thanks." “ Is it raining?" “ Yes , take an umbrella." Why are yo u wearing a coa t? It ’s not cold “ W h at ’s Paul doing?" “ He ’s reading the newspape r." “ W h at are the children doing? " “ They ’ re watching television." Look , there ’s Emily! ￦ here ’s sh e going? Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Sue?
• •
• • •
• •
Study the word order:
+
is/are
S l써’ect
•
+ -mg
Is
he
working today?
Is
Paul
working today?
Where
are
they
going?
Where
are
those people
going? (not Where are going those people?)
(η ot
Is working Paul today?)
Short answers I’ m
am .
Yes ,
he she lt we you they
•
IS. No , are.
he ’s she ’s lt ’s
he she not .
we ’ re you ’ re they ’ re
or
No ,
Isn ’ t.
1t
、lV e
you they
aren ’ t
“ Yes , I am. "
•
“ Are yo u leaving now?"
•
“ Is Paul working today?" “ Yes , he is." “ Is it raining?" “ No , it isn ’ t." “ Are your friends staying at a hotel?" “ N 0 , they aren ’ t. They ’re staying with me."
•
•
I am
doing • Unit 3 What are you doing tomorrow? • Unit 26 questions • Units 45 -48
U N
Exercises
T
4
4.1 Look at the pictures and write the questions.
u can turn it off
it 2
「
3
l
m
r
“
” I r
l
l
7
(you / wait / for a bus?)
장
뻐
π
’ n
1
、
’
아
잉
v
6
(tha t c1 0ck / wo rk? )
m
No , not right now.
Yes , see yo u tomorrow
4 (you / e 미 o y / the movie?) __
U
3
기
No ,
(you / leave / now?)
떠
/ it?)
이
(yo u /
(n /
”v
No , it ’5 broke n
J
No , for a taxi.
4.2 Look at the pictures and complete the questions. Use: cry
eat
laugh
go
2.
What 一죄똥i쁘
reaamg
4
look at
read
Whe re
What
7
5.
Why ?
6
Wh at 7
Why ?
4.3 Make questions with these words. Put the words in the right order. •
l
끼/-껴、 ι
4 5 6 7
8
쨌 뼈 뻐
(is / working / Paul / today) /5 Paul workina today (w hat / the children / are / doing) W'h at are the children doina (yo u / are I listenin g / to l11 e) (w here / your friends I are / go ing) (a re / watching / yo ur parents / television) (what I Jessica I is / coo king) (why / you I are / lo okin g / at l11 e) (is / CO l11 i 멍 / th e bus)
?
p ? ?
p P p ?
,
?•
m
Additional exercise 3 (page
245)
「”
VOu / VOu /
m 엉
껴 j
•
Ar Ar
써 영 ιm
대
빠뼈때
4.4 Write short answers (Yes, am. I No, he ;sn'f. , et c.). A r VOu 1l N0, /'m not 4. Is it raining? / 「
3
6
Are yo u sitting on th e f1 oor? Are yo u feeling all right?
9
I do/wor kJ like, etc. (simple present)
I like ice crea m
-‘-1""
~
L
.' ...•
때
빵
They ’ re loo king at th eir books. They read a lo t
… ω”없
He S Hc I
‘
m
m
m
T h ey read / h e likes / 1 work , etc. = the simp le present: I / we / yo u/ th ey
read
like
work
live
watch
do
have
he/ she /i t
reads
likes
works
lives
watches
does
has
Re m emb er : he works / she lives / it rains , etc. • 1 work in an office. My brother works in a bank . (not M y brother wo rk) • Lucy lives in Housto n . Her parents live in C hicago. • It rains a lot in th e w inte r. 1 have • h e/ sh e /i t has : • John has lu nch at home every day.
”r
때꺼
d
γ
r M
안
-es aft er -s / -sh / -ch: ? • ·%
P
•
Lm %
빼 쨌
For sp elling , see Ap p endix 5
fi nish • fini shes try • tnes go • go es
wa tch • wa tches
W e use the simple present fo r things that are tru e in general , o r fo r things that h app en so m etimes o r all th e time: • 1 like big cities • Yo ur E nglish is good . Yo u speak very well. • T im works ve ry hard . H e starts at 7 :30 and finishes at 8 :00 at nigh t. • The ea rth goes aro u nd the sun. • We do a lo t of differe nt things in o ur free time. • It costs a lo t o f m o n ey to build a hospital. Always / never/ often/ usually/ sometimes + simpl e prese nt • Su e always gets to work early. (not Su e ge ts always) • 1 never eat brea kfas t . (not 1 ea t n eve r) • We often sleep late o n weekends. • M ark usually plays tennis o n Sundays. • 1 sometimes walk to wo rk , but n o t very o ften. don ’ t ... (negative) • Unit 6 00 you ... ? (questions) • Unit 7 I am doing and I do • Unit 8 always/usually/often , et c. (word order) • Unit 9S
I
Exercises
U N I T
5.1 Write these verbs with -s or -es. 1. (rea d) s h e 2. (think) h e
뜨으쁘
3. (f1 y)
5. (have) sh e 6. (fini sh) it
It
4. (dan ce) h e
5.2 Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use: eat
go
1. My piano.
명kγ
live
l2
play
sleep
6. Seven hours a night
5
4
3.
We love movies.
il.
ì ~h?use , |
Tennis is my favorite sport
•
1 2 3
He p lay s
the piano in a very big house. a lo t o f fruit
T hey
ten l1l s to the movies a lo t. seven ho urs a ni ght
4.
5. 6.
5.3 Complete the sentences. Use: boil 1.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10.
close
cost
cost
like
li ke
rneet
open
M ar i a 딱싹5 fo ur languages. Banks usually at 9:00 in the morning The art muse um . at 5:00 in the afternoon. Tina is a teac he r. She math to yo ung children M y job is very interes tin g. 1 a lot of people Peter ’s ca r is always dirty. H e never it. Food is expensive . It a lot of money. Sh oes are expensive. They a lot of m o ney Water at 100 degrees Cεlsius Juli a and 1 are good friends. 1 her , and she
S f) e융*-
teach
wash
me.
5.4 Write sentences from these words. Use the right form of the verb (arrive or arrives, etc.). 1. (a lways I early I Sue I arri ve) 5쁘띄찍V'5 arnve5 ear/ι 2. (to the movies I never I 1 I go) 3. (wo rk I M artina I hard I always) 4. (like I cho colate I children I usuall y) 5. Oulia I parties I enj oy I always) 6. (o ft en I peo ple ’s names I 1 I forget) 7. (television I Tim I watch I neve r) 8. (usually I dinner I we I have I at 6:30) 9 . Oenny I always I ni ce clothes I wear)
5.5 Write sentences about yourself. Use alwayslneverloftenlusuallylsometimes. 1. (wa tch TV in th e eve ning) I 과썩v watch 7v in the eveninfL 2. (rea d in bed) 1 3. (ge t up before 7:00) 4. (go to work / sc hool by bus) 5. (drink co ffee in th e 1l1 0rning)
11
I don't ... (simple present negative) T h e simple present n egative is don ’ t / doesn ’ t + verb: 「 /1
얹
땐
No. thanks. I don ’ t drink coffee ‘ ‘
ri
I don ’ t like my jo b. 상
H e doesn ’t like his j ob.
She doesn ’ t drink coffee.
Negative
Positive we yo u they he sh e 1t
• • • • • •
work like do have works likes does has
、νe
yo u th ey he sh e 1t
don ’ t (do not)
doesn ’ t (does not)
work like do have
1 drink coffee , but 1 don ’t drink tea . Su e drinks tea , but sh e doesn ’ t drink co ffee. Yo u don ’ t work very hard . We don ’ t watch television very oft en. T h e weather is usually nice. It doesn ’ t rain very oft en. Gary and Nicole don ’ t know m any p eople.
R em emb er : th ey don ’ t ... h e/ sh e /i t doesn ’ t ...
I/ we / yo u/
• • •
• •
1 don ’ t like fo o tbal l. He doesn ’ t like foo tball
1 don ’ t like Fred , and Fred doesn ’ t like m e. (η o t Fred don ’t like) My car doesn ’t use much gas. (not M y car don ’ t use) Som etimes h e is late , but it doesn ’ t h app en very often.
We use don ’ t / doesn ’ t + base f orm (do n ’t like / doesn ’t speak / doesn ’t do , etc.) : • 1 don ’ t like to wash the ca r. 1 don ’ t do it very often. • Sarah speaks Sp anish , but sh e doesn ’ t speak Italian. (not do esn ’t sp eaks) • Bill doesn ’ t do his j ob very well. (not Bill doesn ’t his j ob) • Paula doesn ’ t usu ally have breakfast. (not do esn ’t ... has)
I do/wor k! like,
et c. (simple present) • Unit 5 Do you . . . ? (simple present questions) • Unit 7
U N I T
Exercises 6.1
Write the negative.
/ don't tJ /av the tJ iano very we//
1. 1 play the piano very wel l.
2. Jane plays the piano very well 3.
They know my phone numbe r.
4.
We work very hard.
Jane They
5. Mike has a car 6.
You do the same thing every day.
6.2 Study the information and write sentences with Iike.
B1// and Rose /ike classical music
1.
Do you like . . . ?.J
웰
톰&뭘
Carol classica l music.
Bill and Rose
Carol
1. classical music?
yes
no
2.
no
yes
yes
no
boxing?
3. horror movies?
6.3
Write about yourself. Use: I never . . . or I . . . a lot 1.
3. 4.
5.
thε
You
;
3
•
I don't . .. very often.
or
I never watch πI OR / don't watch 7v very often.
(watch TV)
2. (go to
2. Bill and Rose Carol
I watch 7v a /0 t.
OR
theater)
(ride a bicycle) (eat in restaurants) (travel by train)
6.4 Complete the sentences. AII of them are negative. Use don'tldoesn ’ t + these verbs: cost
go
know
read
see
use
1. 1 buy a newspaper every day, but sometimεs 1
2. Paul has a car, but he
、!V ear
don't read
1t.
it very often to thε movie theater very 0 산 en.
3. Paul and his friends like movies , but they
4. Amanda is married , but she a ring 5. 1 much about politics. 1’ m not interested in i t.
6.
The Regent Hotel isn ’ t expensive. It
7. Brian lives near us , but we
much to stay there. him very often
6.5 Put the verb into the correct form. positive or negative. 1. Margaret 5tJ eak5 four languages - English , Japanese , Arabic , and Spanish. (speak) myjob.lt ’s very boring. (like) 2. 1 don't IIke 3. 4. 5.
“ Wherε ’s Martin?"
“ I ’ m sorry. 1
" (know)
Sue is a very quiet person. She very much. (talk) Andy a lot of coffee. 1t ’s his favorite drink. (drink)
6. 1t ’s not tru e! 1 7. That ’s a very beautiful picture. 1 8. Mark is a vegetarian. He
it l (believe) it a lo t. (l ike) meat. (eat)
13
00 you ... ? (simple present questions) We use do l does in simple present questions: Positive 씨re
you they he she lt
Do yo u play the guitar)
Question
work like do have
do
works likes does has
does
we you they
work ? like ? do ? have ?
he she 1t
Study the word order: do / does
Where How often What How much
Do Do Does do do does does
+ subject + inJi nitive yo u yo ur friends C hri s your parents you thi s word lt
work live play live ? wash lllean ? cost
on Sundays' nea r here? tennis? your hair? to f1 y to Puerto Rico'
Questions with always / usually/ ever:
What
Do Does do
always ever usually
yO ll Chris you
have call do
breakfast? yo u? on weekends?
What do you do ? = What ’s your j ob? • “ What do you do ?" “ 1 work in a bank." Remember do I/ we / you / they .. does he / shelit.
Short
Yes ,
• • •
l
I
• •
Do they like music? Does he like mu sic?
anstνers
I/ we / youlthey
do .
hel sh eli t does
No ,
I/ we / you/th ey
don ’ t
he / shelit doesn ’t
“ Do you play tennis?" “ No , I don't. " “ Do your parents speak English?" “ Yes , they do. " “ Does Gary work hard?" “ Yes , he does. " “ Does your sister live in Vancouver? " “ N 0 , she doesn ’ t. "
do/workllike , et c. • Unit 5 I don ’t ... (negative) • Unit 6 questions • Units 45 -4 8
U N
Exercises 7.1
T
1
Write questions with Do ... ? and Does ... ?
1 ?• J 끼
4.
5. 6 7 8. 9.
1 like ch ocolate. H ow about you? 1 play tennis. How abo ut you?
Do 4 ou /lke choco/ate
? p
you
You Ii ve n ea r h ere. H ow about Lu cy? Lucy Tom plays tennis. H ow about hi s friends? You speak English. H ow about yo ur brother? I d o yoga every m o rning. How about you? Sue often travels o n bu siness . H ow abo ut Pau l? I wa nt to be famous . How about yo u ? Yo u work hard. H o 'vv ab o ut Ann a'
>
p
? > >
? >
7.2 Make questions from these words + doldoes. Put the words in the right order. 1l (wh ere / live / yo ur parents) W h, ere do y ou c.J2. arents live ? 4 (yo u / ea rl y / always / ge t up) 0o vou alwavs aet uo earlv
? >
1) 껴
>
(how often / TV / yo u / watch) AT (yo u / want / what / for dinner) (like / you / footb all ) (yo ur broth er / like / football) (w h at / yo u / d o / in yo ur fre e tim e) n x u (yo ur sister / work / where) ny (to th e moviε s / eve r / you / go) 10. (w h at / mean / this word) 1 1. (o ften / snow / it / h ere) 1? (go / usually / to bed / what tim e / yo u)
?
ζJ
>
ζU
?
「/
p ; ?
p
p
?
13. (how mu ch / to ca ll M exico / it / cost) ?
14.
(yo u / for breakfast / have / usu all y / w hat) ?
7.3
Complete the questions. Use these verbs: 경-e-
do
enJoy
get
like
--
What
? • 꺼 J
、X1 h a t
time
4
•,
「 3
/0
start
H ow And yo ur hu sba nd. What
teach
work
쁘왜냉으
>
it? in the mornin g' o n Saturdays? to work? >
「/
매T hat
?
。。
hi s j o b?
I work in a bookstore.
It ’'s OK. At 9:00 Sometimes Usually by bus. He ’s a teache r. Science. Yes , he loves i t.
7.4 Write short answers (Yes , he does. I No , I don ’ t. , etc.). 0 0 you watch TV a lo t? 마ιL쁘따; 2 0 0 you live in a big city? 3 00 you eve r rid e a bi cycle? 4. Ooes it rain a lot where yo u live? 5 00 you play th e pi ano? •
Additional exercises 4-7 (pages 245-246)
OR
싹닝으
15
I am doing (present continuous) and I do (simple present)
Jac k is watching television. H e is not playing th e guitar But Jack h as a guita r. H e plays it a lo t , and he plays ve ry wel 1. Jac k plays the guitar, but h e is not playing the guitar now. No , he isn't. Yes , he does.
Is he playing th e guitar? Does he play th e guitar?
φ resent co ntiη“ o u에
(s imple present)
Present co ntinuous (1 am doing) = n ow, at th e time of speaking: I ’ m doing
past • • • • •
future
110 W
Please b e q uiet. 1’ m wo rking . (not 1 wo rk) To m is taking a sh owe r at the m Ol11 ent. (not Tom takes) Ta ke an umbrella with yo u . It ’ s ra1ning . You ca n turn off the televisio n. 1’ m n ot wa tching it Why are yo u und er the table? What are yo u doing?
Simple p κsent (1 do)
= in ge n eral , all
the ti l11 e , o r som etimes: 1 do
past • • • • •
now
futu re
1 work eve ry day fro l11 9:00 to 5:30. To m takes a sh owe r eve ry 1110rning. 1t rains a lot in the w inter 1 don ’ t watch televisio n ve ry oft en. What do yo u usually do o n weekends?
We do not us e these verbs in th e present like prefer
love hate
、'Vant
need
co ntinu o u s、
know mean
(1 am -ing)
understand believe
remember forget
U se only the simple present w ith these ve rb s (1 want / do you like? , et c.) :
• •
•
1’ 111 tired. 1 want to go h om e. (not 1’ m wa nting) “ Do yo u know that girl ?" “ Yes , but 1 don ’ t remember her na l11 e." 1 don ’ t understand. W hat do you mean ?
present continuous • Units 3-4 simple present • Units 5-7 present for the future • Unit 26
depend
Exercises 8.1
U N I T
Answer the questions about the pictures. |’ m a photographer,
2
|’ m a bus dri ver
‘
。
Ye5, he does , N0 , he isn't
Ooes h e take pho tographs' ls h e taking a pho tograph ' What is h e d o ing? He능
3,
takina a bath |’ m a wi ndow washer
4,
Ooes h e was h w ind ows' ls h e was hing a w indow? W h at is h e do ing?
8.2
15 sh e dri ving a b u s? O oes sh e dri ve a bus? What is sh e do in g?
We are teac hers ,
Are th ey teaching? 0 0 th ey teac h ? What do th ey do?
Complete the sentences with amlislare or doldon'tldoesldoesn't.
1, Exc u se l11 e , dι_ yo u sp ea k E n gli sh ? kn ow,” 2 , “ Where ’s K ate?" “ I 3 재! h a t ’s so funny? Why yo u lau ghi ng? yo ur siste r do?" “ Sh e ’s a de n tis t." 4 “ What 5 , 1t ra 111 ll1 g wa nt to go o ut in th e rain 6 “ Wh e re yo u CO l1l e fro m ?" “ Ca n ada ," 7 , H ow mu ch it cost to se n d a le tte r to Ca nada? 8 , Steve is a go od tenni s playe r, b ut h e pl ay ve ry often ,
[
8.3 Put the verb in the present continuous (1 am doing) or the simple present (1 do). 1 2
3
,
,
Exc use l11 e , _깅양쁘후양으ι_ (yo u / sp ea k) E n gli sh ? “ Wh ere ”s To m ?” ” Hes takin9 (h e / take) a sh owe r."
I don't watch
(I / no t / wa tch) television ve ry ofte n
4 , Liste n ! So m eb o dy (sin g) , 5 , Sa nd ra is tired (s h e / wa n t) to go h o m e n ow. 6 , H ow o ft e n (yo u / read) a newspa p e r? (yo u / sit) in l1l y sea t." “ O h , [ ’ m sorry ,, 7 “ Exc use m e , but 8 , 1’ 111 so rr y, (1 / n o t / und e rstand). Ca n you sp ea k 11l 0 re slowly? (1 / go) h o m e n ow 9 , 1t ’s late (yo u / co m e) w ith l1l e? 10. Wh at time (yo ur fa th e r / fini sh ) wo rk eve ry day? 11. Yo u ca n turn o ff th e radi o. (1 / n o t / liste n ) to it . 12 “ Wh ere ’s Paul ?" “ In th e kitc h e n ‘ (h e / coo k) so m e thin g." (no t / us ually / dri ve) to wo rk . H e 13. M artin (usu ally / wal k) (n o t / like) co ffee. 14. Su e (sh e / prefe r) tea
17
I have ... and I’ ve got ... You can say 1 have or 1’ ve got , he has o r he ’ s got:
1I we yo u th ey
I h ave
or
he I she I has
or
1I we have got you th ey he I she 1 has got
1
(1 ’ ve got) (we ’ ve got) (yo u ’ ve got) (th ey ’ ve got) (he ’s got) (she ’s got) (i t ’ s got)
|’ ve got a headache.
•
• .'A'
"#:,
‘
‘
l
..
、
--
shortJorm
1 have blue eyes. or 1’ ve got blu e eyes . Tim has two siste rs. or Tim has got two sisters . Our ca r has four doors. or Our ca r has got four doors. Sarah isn ’t feeling well. She has a h eadache. or Sh e ’ s got a h eadach e They like anim als. They have a h o rse , three dogs , and six cats. or T hey ’ ve got a horse
• • • • •
1 don ’ t have I 1 haven ’ t got , etc. (n 앵 e，ga띠t“lV YO l1 ca n say: I/ we / yo u / they
he / sh elit
don ’t doesn ’t
I/ we/ yo u / they
have
or
he/ she li t
haven ’ t
got
hasn ’ t
1 have a bike , but 1 don ’ t have a ca r. or 1’ ve got a bike , but 1 haven ’ t got a ca r. M r. and Mrs. Harris don ’ t have any children. or ... haven ’ t got any children. It ’s a nice h o use , but it doesn ’ t have a garage . or .. . it hasn ’ t got a ga rage. Mariko doesn ’ t have a job. or Mariko hasn't got a job.
• • • •
Do you have ... ? I Have yo u got ... ?, etc.
띠 ues tions)
You ca n say: do does • • • •
Short • •
I/ we /
yo u / they
h e/ sh eli t
have ?
or
have has
I/ we / yo l1 lth ey
got?
he/ sheli t
Do yo u have a camera? or Have yo u got a came ra? Does H elen have a car? or Has Helen got a car? What kind of car does sh e have ? or What kind of ca r has sh e got ? What do yo u have in yo ur ba g? or What have yo u got in yo ur bag? ans !νers
“ Do yo u have a camera?" “ Yes , 1 do." I “ No , I don't." or “ Have yo u go t a camera?" “ Yes , 1 have." I “ No , I haven ’ t." “ Does Anne h ave a ca r?" “ Yes , sh e does." I “ No , she doesn ’ t.” “ Has Anne got a car?" “ Yes , sh e has." I “ N 0 , she hasn 't."
had / didn ’ t have (past) • Units 11-12 have breakfast / have a headache. etc
•
or
Unit 59 some/any • Unit 77
U N I T
Exercises 9.1
Write the short form with got (we ’ ve got / he hasn't got, et c.). 1. we have got 2.
w강업약
5. it ha s got 6. 1 have not got
3.
they have got 4. she has not got
he has got
9.2 Read the questions and answers. Then write sentences about Mark. Have you got a car? Have you got a computer? Have you got a dog? Have you got a cell phone? Have you got a watch? Have you got any brothers or sisters?
2
3 4
5. 6
I
No. Yes. Mark No. No. Yes. Yes , two brothers and a sister
What about you? Write sentences with "ve got or
He hasn't 9 ot a ca r. He
2.
3. 4.
5 6
,haven
’ t got.
7.
(a computer) 8. (a dog) 9. (a bike) 10. (brothεrs / sisters)
9.3 Write these sentences with have/has or don ’ t have / doesn't have. The meaning is the same. 1. They have got two children.
2.
3. 4. 5.
6.
7. 8. 9.
She hasn ’ t got a key He has got a new job. They haven ’ t got much money Have you got an umbrella? We have got a lot of work to do. 1 haven ’t got your phone numbe r. Has your father got a car? How much money have we got?
7-hev have two chlldre n. She doesn't have a keν
9.4 Complete the sentences with do , doesn ’ t , don ’ t , got, has , or have. Sarah hasn't -ß으t a ca r. She goes everywhere by bicycle. They like animals. They have three dogs and two cats Charles isn ’ t happ y. He got a lot of problems. They don ’t read much. They have many books something in my eye." 5. “ What ’s wrong?" “ I ’ ve 1t.” 6. “ Where ’s my pen?" “ 1 don ’ t know. 1 don ’t have a ticket 7. Julia wants to go to the concert , but she
1. 2. 3. 4.
9.5 Complete the sentences. Use have/has or don't have / doesn't have with: a lot of friends a
L!_ ............ _....:1
four wheels much time
six legs a key
1’ m not feeling wel l. 1 have a heαdache 2 It’s a nice house , but it d oesn't have a bla M m 3. E v l k g T m-- H J 5. 1 can ’t opεn the doo r. 1 1.
없뼈
쩌
44T
vard
PL
6. An insect 7. HurrylWe
•
Additional exercises 5-7 (page 246)
19
was/were la st níght
now Now Rob ert is at work.
1m
H H
없없
At
am / is • • •
(present) • was (past): 1 am tired. (now) Where is Kate? (now) The weather is ni ce today.
1 was tired last night. Wh ere was Kate yesterday? The weather was nice last wee k.
are (prese nt) • were (pas t): • You are late. (now) • Theyaren ’ t h ere. (now)
Positive he she
Negative
、iV as
lt
we yo u they
Yo u were late yesterday They weren ’ t h ere last Sunday.
he she lt
was not (wasn ’ t )
、νe
、‘rere
Ques tion
was
were not (weren ’ t )
you they
、iV ere
he? she? it? we? yo u ? theyì
• • • •
Last yea r Rachel was 22 , so she is 23 n ow. When 1 was a child , 1 was afraid of dogs. We were hungry after the trip , but we weren ’ t tired The hotel was comfortable , but it wasn't expe nsive.
• • •
Was the weather nice when yo u were on vacation? Your sho es are nice. Were they expensive? Why were yo u late this m o rning?
Short answers Yes ,
IIhe / sh elit was .
we / yo u/ they were .
No ,
IIhe / sh elit wasn ’ t.
we / you / they weren ’ t
“ No , I wasn ’ t. "
l
“ Were you late?"
•
“ Was Ted at wo rk yesterday?" “ Yes , he was. " “ Were Sue and Steve at the party?" “ No , they weren't."
l
am/is/are • Units 1-2 I was doing • Unit 13
1ri
’
w
」 m얘
、‘
m
pι
ρL
-6
<(
,*‘
찌 J
ρι
\ l
3?
와
i-
-
m” m
빼
/1
뱅 따
~'o~
1K
nt
U N I T
Exercises 10.1 Where were these people at 3:00 yesterday afternoon? 4
;dζ
5
/
I
、
짧~ ‘ ‘
/
\스느r
Gary 1.
Gary
wαs
Jack
Kate
in bed
5ue
Mr. and Mrs. Hall
Ben
4.
5.
2. Jack and Kate 3. Sue
6. And you? 1
10.2 Write am/is/are (present) or was/were (past). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9
Last year she _쓰쁘_ 22 , so she IS 23 now. nice , but yesterday it Today the weather very cold. hungr y. Can 1 havε something to eat? 1 vεry tired last nigh t. 1 feel fine this morning , but 1 Wherε _ _ _ _ you at 11 :00 last Friday morning? Don ’t buy those shoes. They very expensive. it expensive? 1 like your new jacke t. This time last year 1 in Paris. “ Where the children~' ’ “ 1 don ’ t know. They hεre a few minutes ago."
10.3 Write was/were or wasn ’ t/weren ’ t. 1. 2. 3. 4 5.
We weren ’ t happy with the hote 1. Our room w쁘 Mark at work last week because he Yesterday a holiday, so the banks “ ____ Kate and Bill at the party?" “ Kate “ Where are my keys?" “ 1 don ’ t know. They not there now-,,
6. You
at home last night. Where
very small , and it w딴따 sick. He ’s better now. closed. They ’ re open today. there , but Bill on the table , but they ’ re
clean.
”
you?
10.4 Write questions from these words + was/were. Put the words in the right order. (late / you / this morning / why?)
whx were XQu late this mornin9 2
2
The traffic was bad
(difficult / your exam?) N 0 , it was easy.
3
(last week / where / Sue and Chris?) They were on vacation
4
(your new camera / how much?) One hundred and twenty do l1 ars.
5
(angry / you / yesterday / why?) Because you were late.
6
(nice / the weather / last week?) Yes , it was beautiful
21
worked/got/went , etc. (simple past)
They
뱉빨
television every night (simple present)
U
II
They l행뜨양호J television last nigh t. (simple past)
口
I
watched is the simple past: I1 we/ you / they he/ she /i t
watched
The simple past is often -ed (regular verbs). For example: work • worked clean • cleaned start -+ started • • • •
dance • danced stay • stayed need • needed
1 brush my teeth every morning. This morning 1 brushed my teeth. Terry worked in a bank from 1996 to 2003. Yesterday it rained all morning. It stopped at lunchtime. We enjoyed the party last nigh t. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people. The party ended at midnight.
“n
•
」 ω
c3
뼈‘
*‘‘ FV
뺑 뼈
For spelling , see Appendix 5. study • studied plan • planned
copy •
copied
Some verbs are irregular (= not regular). The simple past is not -ed. Here are some important irregular verbs (see also Appendixes 2-3): begin • break bring build buy catch come do drink eat
began broke brought built bought caught came did drank ate
fall • find fly forget get glve go have hear know
fell found f1 ew forgot got gave went had heard knew
leave -• left lose lost make made meet met paid pay put put read read (red) * rang nng said say sa、v see
sell • slt sleep speak stand take tell think wln wnte
*pronou ηced
• • • •
s이d
sat slept spoke stood took told thought 、N" on
、N" rote
“ red"
1 usually get up early, but this morning 1 got up at 9:30. We did a lot of work yesterday Caroline went to the movies three times last week James came into the room , took off his coat , and sat down.
was/were • Unit10 Ididn’ t / Did you ... ? (negative and questions) • Unit12
ag 。 •
Unit 18
U N I T
Exercises 11.1
11
Complete the sentences. Use a verb from the box. M합-sh
8.
end
enJoy
happen
open
raln
start
want
stay
brushed
my tee th three times yes terd ay. It was h o t in the roo m , so 1 th e w ind ow T h e m ovie w as ve ry lo n g. It at 7 :15 and at 10 :00 . Wh en 1 was a child , 1 to b e a do cto r The acc ident las t Sunday aft ernoo n. 1t ’s a ni ce d ay today, but yes terday it all day We o ur vac atio n las t year. W e at a very nice place. Anna ’s g randfa th er w h en h e was 90 yea rs o ld.
1. 1
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
die
11.2 Write the simple past of these verbs. 1. ge t 9 ot 2 . see 3 . play
4. p ay 5. vlSIt 6.
10 . know 1 1. put 12. spea k
7 . go 8. think 9. copy
bu y
11.3 Read about Li sa ’5 trip to Mexico City. Put the verbs in the correct form. AIRPORT
CH εC I(
-1 1-1
-키아
、
주즉-;::-
Last Tu esday, Lisa (1) flew fi'om Los Angeles to M exico C ity. She (?) up at 6:00 in the 1l1 0rning and (3) a cup ofcoffee. At 7: 15 sh e (4) hom e and (5) to there, sh e (7) the th e airpo r t. When sh e (6) car, (8) to the terminal, and (9) in. T h en she (10) breakfast at an airp ort café and (11) for h er f1 ight. The plane (12) on time and (13) in M exico C ity fo ur ho urs later. Finally she (14) a taxi from the airpo rt to h er ho tel downtown .
11.4 Write sentences about the past
(yeste얘ay
1. Jam es always goes to w o rk by ca r. Yesterday
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
f1 y ge t , have leave , drive get , p ark w alk , ch eck h ave , wa it d epart , arrive take
I last week , etc.).
he went to work
Rach el o타 en loses h er k eys . She Kate m ee ts h er fri ends every nigh t. Sh e 1 usu ally buy two n ewsp apers eve ry day. Yesterday 1 We o ft en go to th e m ovies o n weekends. Las t Sunday we 1 ea t an o range eve ry day. Yesterday 1 Tom always takes a sh owe r in the 1l1 0 rning . T his m o rning h e Our fri ends o ft en co m e to see us. T h ey
kVcar: las t w ee k las t ni ght
las t Frid ay.
11.5 Write sentences about what ï쁘 did yesterday. 1. I went to the theate r. 4 2.__ 3.
__ .____
Additional exercise 10 (page 248)
5 6
23
I didn ’ t . .. Did you . . . ? (simple past negative and questions) We use did in simple past negatives and qu estions :
Base Form
Posítíve
play start wa tch have
played started watched had
、lV e
you th ey he sh e
R u --o
o o o b
Do/ does (p resent) •
we yo u th ey he sh e lt
sa、v
did went
It
did
Qu 따 4κeμ s tíon
Negatíve
did not (didn ’t )
pl ay start watch have see do go
did
It
ψa띠 :
1 don ’ t watch television very often. 1 didn ’ t watch television yesterday. Does sh e go out often? Did she go out last night?
• •
싸씨
μl
이 피
따
.때
”띠
때뼈
• • •
떠
얘
We use did/ didn ’ t + baseJorm (watch/play/go , etc.) ’ m W” ,“ I I 1v a U (not 1 didn ’t wa tched) d h nr go? t [m y % m (not did they went?) / -h n he h n,t h % d M u d OP yO u
”‘
”
‘
1 played tennis yesterday, but 1 didn ’ t win. “ Did you do yo ur homework?" “ No , I didn ’ t have time." We went to the movies , but we didn ’ t enjoy the film.
Study the word order in qu estions did + subject Wh at H ow Where
Did did did did
+
your slster you th e accid ent yo ur parents
baseJorm call do happen ? go
you ? last ni ght? for vaca tion ?
Short answers Yes ,
II we/ yo u / they h e / she /i t
did .
N o,
I/ we / yo u/ they
h e / she /i t
didn ’ t. •
l
• • •
“ Did “ Did “ Did “ Did
you see Joe yesterday?" “ No , I didn ’ t. " it rain on Sunday ?" “ Yes , it did." Helen come to the party?" “ No , she didn ’t. " your parents have a goo d trip ?" “ Yes , they did. "
worked/got/went, et c. (simple past) •
Unit 11
we yo u th ey he she
play? start? wa tch? have? see? do ? go?
U N
Exercises 12.1 Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.
didn't see
1.
1 saw Barbara , but 1
2. 3. 4. 5.
They worked on Monday, but they We went to the post office , but we She had a pen , but she Jack did some work in the yard , but he
Jane. on Tuesda y. to the bank any pape r. any work in the house.
12.2 Write questions with Did . .. ?
Did you watch 7v last niaht
1. 1 watched TV last nigh t. How about you?
2. 3. 4. 5.
P P
1 enjoyed the party. How about you? 1 had a nice vacation. How about you? 1 finished work early. How about you? 1 slept welllast night. How about you?
? ?
p
12.3 What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences.
I watched
1.
(watch TV)
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
(get up before 7:00) (take a shower) (buy a magazinε) (eat meat) (go to bed before 10:30)
πI
OR
I didn't watch
π끼
1
12.4 Write B's questions. Use: cost
2.
get to work
go
A: We went
to
B: Where
did you stay
go to bed late
Chicago last month P
· ”’
A:
매Tith
A:
1 was late for the meeting
some
happen
삼 iends.
B: What ti l11 e
A: Half past nine. 3.
A:
p
A: No , 1 los t. ’
4.
A:
1 had a nice vacation.
B:
Good.Whεre
A: To the 1110untains.
wln
A:
?
1’ m tired this morning.
B:
p
A: No , but 1 didn ’t sleep very well
1 played tennis this afternoon.
B:
sta￥
5. A ’ We came home by taxi. B: How much A: Twenty dollars. 6.
P
have a nice tirne
p
7. A ’ We went to the beach yesterday. B: A ’ Yes , it was great.
P
8. A: The window is broken B: How A: 1 don ’ t know.
p
12.5 Put the verb in the correct form - positive , negative , or question. 1. We went to the 1110vies , but the film wasn ’ t very good. 매Te dldrft enlq y 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7. 8
•
it. (enjoy) Tim some new clothεs yesterday - two shirts , a jacket , and a sweate r. (buy) “ yes terday?" “ No , it was a nice da y." (rain) 매Te were tired , so we long a t the party. (stay) It was very 、Nar l11 in the roO l11, so 1 a windo w. (open) “ Did you call Chris this morning?" “ NO , I time." (have) “ 1 cut my hand this morning." “ How that?" (do) “ Why weren ’ t you at the meeting yesterday?" “ I about i t." (know)
Additional exercises 10-13 (page 248)
25
I was doing (past conti n uous) no!ν
4:00
It is 6:00 now. Paul is at home. H e is watching television.
(6:00)
At 4:00 he wasn ’t at home. He was at the gym. He was swimming in the pool. He wasn ’ t watching television.
3:30
4:00
4:15
he started
he was swimming
he finished sWlmmmg
s、i\T lmIlll n 2: ι~
:.-}
Was / were + -ing is the pas t co ntínuous:
he sh e lt
was
we yo u they • •
• • • •
Ques tion
Negative
Positive
、iVere
doing watching playing • • sWlmmlng living , etc
he sh e
not (wasn ’ t)
、iVas
It
we yo u they
、‘rere
not (weren ’ t)
doing watching playing • • sWlmmlng living , etc.
was
he sh e lt 、i\T e
、iV ere
yo u they
doing? watching ? playing? swimming? lVlng ( , etc.
W h at were yo u doing at 11 :30 yesterday? Were yo u working? “ What did h e say?" “ 1 don ’t know. 1 wasn ’ t listening." It was raining , so we didn ’ t go out. In 200 1 we were living in ] ap an. To day sh e ’s wea ring a skirt , but yesterday sh e was wearing pants. 1 woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful m orning. T h e sun was shining , and the birds were singing.
Spe llíηIg
(live
•
living / run
•
Am/ is / are + -ing (presen t) •
running / lie
I was
lying , etc.) • App endix 5
was / were + -ing (pas t):
Present • 1’ m working (now) • It isn ’ t raining (n ow). • 찌r h a t are yo u doing (now)?
was/were -• Unit 10
•
Past • 1 was working at 10 :30 last night . • It wasn ’ t raining when w e we nt out. • What were yo u doing at 3: 00?
doing and I did (past continuous and simple past) • Unit 14
U N I T
Exercises
13.1 Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3:00 yesterday afternoon? And what were they doing? Write two sentences for each picture.
蠻 1 4
總1 2
m‘ nr
u
”
배
””
빼빼
R. ache/ Was at home. She was watchina 2. Jack and Kate 3. Tim 1.
m
J
」u
I
Tracey at the station wait for a train
”
9
뼈
at home watch TV
Kate Jack at the supermarket in his car buy food 1drive
메
Rachel
繼 | 5 ”
k
π4
They
4.
5. 6. And you? 1
13.2 Sarah did a lot of things yesterday. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
I 7:10- 7:25
I 7:30-8:10
I 8:30- 9:00
I
1. At 8:45 5he 2. At 10 :4 5 5he
wα5 washina her caκ
3. At 8:00 10:15-1 1: 45 I 12:00-12 :4 5
:20-10:00
4. At 12:10 5. At 7:15
)~
<
6. At 9:30
1
13.3 Complete the questions. Use was/were -ing. Use whatlwhere/why if necessary. 1. 1 (you / live)
Where were yOU /ivlM
2. 1 (you / do) 3. 1 (it / rain) 4. 1 (Sue / drivε) 5. 1 (Tim / wear)
in 1999? at 2:00? when you got up? 50 fast? a suit yesterday?
In Brazil. 1 was asleep. No, it was sunny. Because she was late. No, a T-shirt andjeans.
13.4 Look at the picture. You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon. What was he doing? Write positive or negative sentences. Hi. I'm going shopping. λ끼 흩l"' ll
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
(wear / a jacket) He wasn't wearing a jacket (carry / a bag) (go / to the dentist) (eat / an ice cream cone) (carry / an umbrella) (go / home) (wear / a hat) (ride / a bicycle)
27
I was doing (past continuous) and I did (simple past) Hello
---- r/ ‘ -
‘ ’/
Jack was reading a book.
T h e phon e rang
))
He stopped reading.
co n tmu o μ5)
/
l
n
ρ
‘,
--
쩌
、
What did h e do w h en the phon e ran g? H e stopped reading and answered the phone.
I
l 1 1
때
What happened? T he p h on e rang . (simp le past) What was Jack doing w hen the pho n e rang? 1 φ ast H e was reading a book. J
H e answered the phone.
y
L 4
i l l J
h e stopp ed reading
R
‘
he was reading
Start 10:00
Pinish 11 ’ 30
Past continuo us •
A
매rh a t
were you doing at 10:30? B: We were playing tennis.
S tart 10 :00
、\、\↑//
Y
w e played completed actíon
”’
•
• • • •
1 started work at 9:00 and finished at 4:30 . At 2:3 0 1 was working . It was raining w h en we went out. (= it started raining b 야 re w e went o ut) 1 saw Lu cy and Steve this m orning. They were waiting at the bus stop. Kelly fell asleep w hile sh e was reading .
•
I did (simple past) •
-
we were playing 1finíshed acμ‘0η
Jack read a book yesrerday. (= fro m beginning to end) Did you watch th e basketball gam e on television last night? It didn ’ t rain w hile we were on vacation .
•
·me
p1h @ .
Simple past • A: What did yo u do yesterday m o rning? B: We played tennis. (from 10:00 to 1 1: 30)
뼈 」
th e phon e ran g
h e began reading
’naL
없
Jack began reading beJore th e phon e ra ng. So when the phone ran g , h e was reading
• • •
Jack was reading a book w h en the pho n e ran g. Were you watching televisio n w h en 1 called you? It wasn ’ t raining w h en 1 go t up.
Units 11-12 I was doing (past continuous) • Unit 13 while • Unit 106
U N
Exercises
14.1 Look at the pictures. Put the verbs in the correct form. past continuous or simple past. 1.
1___
1
,
1 . . I | 깅흉， I 뼈 I Ø'활 A | 빼| 1 =‘햄~
2.
Hi , Paula !
---、
sl1e roo m . She off the ladder
~~~;P.:.~7}~~vhen
(paInt) her
(떼)
The train (a rrive) at the stati o n , and Paula (get) off. Two 타i e nds o f hers, j o n and R achel, (wait) to m eet he r.
삐 태맹
Sue
m goi ng to the station. 1’
(brεa k) h er arm last wee k.
; Yesterday Sue c down th e street w h en sh e ( j am es . H e to th e stati o n to catch a train , and he (ca rry) a bag. (sto p) to T hey talk fo r a few minutes 、
Hello. James!
|1
broke
ιυ “…
3
I1 Lucy , ' I ~~ ~
14.2 Put the verb into the past continuous or simple past. 1. A: B: 2. A B: 3. A : B: 4. A: B: 5. A : ‘
B: 6.
A:
B: 7. A: B: 8. A : B: 9. A : B’
10. A: B: A:
•
What were y ou doln9 (yo u / d o) w h e n th e ph o n e _쁘땅_ (ring)? I wa , s watchin9 (wa tc h) televisio n. W as j an e bu sy w h e n yo u we nt to see h er ? Yes , sh e (s tud y) . (the m ail / a rri vε) this m o rning? What tim e (h ave) brea kfas t (com e) w hil e 1 It Was Tracey at w o rk to day ? (n o t / go) to wo rk. Sh e was sick. N o , sh e H ow fas t
(yo u / dri ve) w h e n the p o li ce (stop ) yo u ? I ’ m n o t sure , but [ (n o t / dri ve) ve ry 더 s t. (yo ur tea m / w in) th e b aseball game yes te rday? N o , the wea th er was ve ry bad , so we (not / play). H ow (yo u / b rea k) th e w indo w ? We (play) base b al l. 1 (hit) th e ball (break) the w indow and it (you / see) J e nn y Jas t night? Yes , s h ε (wea r) a ve ry nice j ac ke t (yo u / do) at 2 :00 thi s m o rning? What I was asleep. (Iose) m y key Jast n igh t. I (yo u / ge t) in to yo ur apartm e nt ? H ow (cl imb) in throu g h a w indow. I
Additional exercises 14-- 15 (pages 249- 250)
29
I used to ... Dave
aJeψ yea η
ago
Dave today
I work in a factory.
I work in a supermarket I used to work in a fac tory.
000 。 。
￠
Dave Dave used to work in a factor y. Now he works in a supermarket Dave used to work in a factory. work there now:
he worked in a factory before , but he doesn ’t
he used to work
he works
past
now
You can say 1 used to work ... / she used to have ... / they used to be ... , etc. I/ yo u / we/
they he / she /i t
used to
be work have play , etc. I used to have very long hair
• • • •
•
When 1 was a child , r used to like chocolate. 1 used to read a lot of books , but 1 don ’ t read much these days. Liz has short hair now, but it used to be very long. They used to live on the same street as us, so we used to see them a lot. But we don ’t see them very often these days. Helen used to have a piano , but sh e sold it a few yea rs ago.
The negative is 1 didn ’ t use to . • When 1 was a child , 1 didn ’ t use to like tomatoes. The question is did you use to ... ? • Where did yo u use to live b efore yo u came h ere?
。
We use used to ... only for the past. You cannot say “ 1 use to ..." for the present: • 1 used to play tennis. T h ese days 1 play gol f. (not 1 use to play golf ) • We usually get up early. (not We use to ge t up early)
U N I T
Exercises 15.1 Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with used to ....
1’ m a hairdresser now
, -’ ‘
-‘
&
민 」
-
… -
Afew yeaη ago
ρL
She used to have
、
-
2
뼈
H
*
Uv1
필
빼
This is me a few years ago 1
’
mu l
3.
뼈 빼 빠빼
long hair.
a taxi dri ve r.
We live in New York City now.
빼ι 뼈4
빠짧
baseball.
풍굉
-
5
4
6. This building
in the country
15.2 Karen works very hard and has very little free time. A few years ago , things were different.
Do you play any sports?
웹
D o VJo u
뼈 때빼 뼈
Do you go out much? Pi1ll
I j
m
1·
n
「/·(/--/
。
E U y u -J Do yo u •L
m mm k o
Yes , 1 swim every day, and 1 play volleybal l. Yes , three or four nights a week. Yes , the guitar Yes , 1 read a lo t. Yes , 1 take two or three tnps a yea r.
Write sentences about Karen with
5he used to swim every
1.
2. She 3
I work very hard at my job. I don ’ t have any free time
used to
daι
volleyball.
Karen afew
yea η αrgo
Kare l1
1I 0W
.
4 5. 6.
15.3 Complete these sentences. Use used to or the simple present (1 play / he lives , et c.). 1. 1 used to f) laY tεnnis. 1 stopped playing a few years ago.
…
vi
「/
끼 d
1이
l
앵
카
2 “ Do you play any sports?" “ Yes , 1 껴낌ι basketball." 3 m Lu % Q ” “ No , I one , but 1 sold i t." G 4, e a waite r. Now he ’s thε manager of a hotel F3 by train." “ Do you go to work by car?" “ Sometimes , but most days 1 6. When 1 was a child , 1 never meat , but 1 eat it no w. 7. Mary loves to watch T V. She TV every night 8. We near the airport , but we moved downtown a few years ago. 9. Normally 1 start work at 7:00 , so 1 up very earl y. 10. What games you when you were a child?
31
Have you ever ... ?
Have you been to Mexico City? Yes , I have. Man y times *
Have you ever been to Japan? ‘-“
No , I’ ve never been to Ja pan
Have been / have driven / have played , etc. , is the
we yo u th ey he sh e lt
have (’ ve) have not (haven ’ t )
has (’s) has not (hasn ’ t )
R egular verbs
have
、Ne
yo u they hε
has
sh e lt
peifect (have + past participle) : played ? lived? visited? read?
regular verbs
lost? been? flown ?
irregular
νe rb s
T h e p as t participle is - ed (the sam e as the simple pas t) p lay
Irregula r verbs
played lived visited read lost been flown
p reseη t
live
1 h ave played
•
•
1 have li ved
vlSlt
•
sh e h as visited
T h e pas t participle is n o t - ed Som etimes the pas t p arti ciple is the sa m e as the simpl e pas t: b uy
1 bought / 1 h ave bought
•
have
h e had / h e h as had
•
So m etimes the pas t p articiple is different (see App endixes 2-3). break
•
[
broke / [ have broken
see
•
yo u saw / yo u h ave seen
W e use th e present perfec t w h en we talk about a time from the past until n ow , fo r example , a p ε r so n ’s life. Have you ever been to ]apan?
time fro 111 the past until
no !ν
past
now “ N o , I haven ’t. ”
•
“ Have yo u been to Fra n ce?"
• •
W e ’ ve been to Ca nada , but we haven ’ t been to Alaska M ary is an interesting p erso n. Sh e has had m any different j obs and has lived in m any places 1’ ve seen that wo m an b ε fo re ， but 1 can ’t rem emb er where. H ow m any times has Brazil won th e W o rld C up ? “ Have you read this bo ok?" “ Yes , I ’ ve read it twice." (twice = two times)
• • •
Present peifect + ever (in qu esti o ns) and never : “ Yes , o n ce." (once
= on e
l
“ Has Ann ever been to Australia?"
time)
l
“ Have yo u ever played gol f? "
• • •
M y sister has never traveled by pl an e 1’ ve never ridden a ho rse “ Who is that m an ?" “ 1 don ’t know. 1’ ve never seen hirn befo re."
“ Yes , 1 play a lo t."
present perfect • Units 17-18 present perfect and simple past • Units 19-21
irregular verbs • Appendixes 2-3
U N
Exercises
T
16.1 You are asking Helen questions beginning with Have you ever ... ? Write the questions.
1 2 3
H ave vou ever been to Montrea/ 2 H ave vou ever o/aved ao/f2 Have
「/
(M o ntrea P ) (play / go lf?) (So uth Ko rea)) 4. (l ose / yo ur pass po rt?) 5 (fl y / in a h eli co pter?) 6 (win / a race?) (Peru )) n xu nγ
(drive / a bus?) (break / yo ur leg?)
No , neve r. Yes , many times. Yes , once No , never. Yes , a few times N o , never. Yes , twice. No , never Yes , once.
16.2 Write sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 16.1.) 1 i (Peru ) 5he's been to Peru twice 끼/- 꺼1)
(So uth Ko rea) She (win / a rac e) 4 . (fl y / in a heli copter) Now write about yourself. How often have you done these things? ζJ
「/
(New Yo rk) 1 /0 (play / tennis) (drive / a tru ck) 8. (b e / late fo r wo rk o r sc hool)
16.3 Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done? htt￥e
do travel
all o v er the world - __ __ _
“““‘J
!cr _ ___ ‘ .. _ L _ ‘ ... ‘ ‘ “ ‘ J-- ~ ..J
10 books
i
a lot of interesting things a lot of interesting people married three time s
She has had manv different /obs
1.
?
be wnte meet
She
3. 4. 5 6
16.4 Put the verbs in the present perfect. /1/e see n (1 / see) th at wo m an b efo re , but 1 can ’ t rem emb er her nam e ? 4 H ave vou ever o/aved (yo u / ever / pl ay) go lf?" “ Yes , 1 pl ay golf a lot." “ j 껴
(yo u / eve r / write) a poe m ?" “ Yes , in hi gh sc hoo l." (s he / neve r / m ee t) him." 4. “ Do es E mma know Sam?" “ N o , 5. Ann and Eli have lo ts of b oo ks, and (th ey / rea d) all of th em . 6. (1 / neve r / be) to Aus trali a , but (my bro th er / b e) there twi ce 7 Joy ’s favo rite m ovie is HOlllard and Belinda. (she / see) it fi ve times , but (1 / n eve r / see) it (1 / trave l) by pl an e , bus , and train ‘ So med ay, 1 wa nt to take a 8 trip by boa t. •
“
Additional exercises 16-18 (pages 250-2 51)
33
How long have you ... ?
Jane is on vacation in Brazi l. She is there now.
Since Monday
She arrived in Brazil on Monday Today is Thursday.
How long have you been in Brazil?
How long has she been in Brazil? She has been
I since in Brazil i
Monday l for three days.
Compare is and has been: She is in Brazil now. 애
u
-m B
앙
k
뼈
u
잃
3’ h e L
r
U
IS
lr ! l J I l
= present
’
since Monday --‘ for three days.
has been
= present pe야ct
now Thursday
Monday
Compare:
They have been married for five years (not They are married for five years.)
Are yo u married?
How long have you been married? (not How long are yo u married?)
Do yo u know Lisa?
How long have yo u known her? (no t How long do yo u know her?)
1 know Lisa.
I ’ ve known her for a long time. (not 1 know her for ... )
Vera lives in Brasília.
How long has sh e lived in Brasília? She has lived there all her life h gb ]} VJ m y m Q ’ ?· I, n m J 얘
1 때
1 have a ca r.
뼈 테
Dan and Kate are married
빼
Prcsent pe까ct (have been / have lived / have known , etc.)
빼빼
Simple present
i
Prese /1.t co /1 tin “ous
Present peifect conti‘”“。“5 (have been + -ing)
I ’ m studying German.
How long have yo u been studying German? (not How long are yo u studyi ng German?) I ’ ve been studying German for two years.
David is watching T V.
How long has he been watching TV? He ’s been (= He has been) watching TV since 5:00.
It ’s raining.
It ’s been (= It has been) raining all day
for and since • Units 18, 105
U N
Exercises
T
7
17.1 Complete these sentences. has been have known
1. Jane is in Brazi l. She
1 know Lisa. 1
2.
there since Monday her for a long time. married since 1999
3. Sarah and Andy are married. They 4 Brian is sick. He
sick for the last few days. there for a long time.
6 7
li
in a bank for five years. a headache since he got up
멍
8
……
빽뺑 ν
We live on Main Stree t. We Catherine works in a bank. She Alan has a headache. He •t m PL l n’h I r--, m m
5
English for six months
17.2 Make questions with How long ... ? 1.
2. 끼、 ι 44T
RJ /0 「/
17.3
1.
H ow /ona has she been on vacation
Jane is on vacation. Scott and Judy are in Brazi l. 1 know Amy. Diana is studying Italian. My brother lives in Seattle. I ’ m a teache r. It is raining.
We ’ re married
2. I live in South Korea.
p ?
How long How long
P
you
? ? ?
p
5
4
3
We ’ re on vacatlon ‘
I'm waiting
6.
The sun is shining
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with: for 10 minutes
a11 day since he was 20
all her life since Sunday
7nev have been married for 10 vears 2
She 3. They 4 The sun 5. She 6 He
17.4 Which is righ t? 1
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9 •
Mark-l핸es
/ has lived in Canada since Apri l. (has /i ved is right) Jane and 1 are friends. 1 know / 1’ ve known her very well Jane and 1 are friends. 1 know / 1’ ve known her for a long time. A: Sorry 1’ m late. How long are vou waiting / have vou been waiting? B: Not long. Only five minutes. Martin works / has worked in a hotel now. He likes his job a lot. Ruth is reading the newspape r. She is reading / She has been reading it for two hours. “ How long do vou live / have vou lived in this house?" “ About 10 years." “ Is that a new coat?" “ No , I have / 1’ ve had this coat for a long time." Tom is / has been in Seattle right now. He is / He has been there for the last three days.
Additional exercises 16-18 (pages 250-25 1)
35
for
slnce
ago
For and since
l/{||lr Jan e is in Brazil. Sh e has been th ere 4 --
•
J
U
%3 ‘ F
l i
‘,‘ W v “
•L
KU
‘ since Monday.
때
////t
C3
(
d
od
얹
‘.‘h %
+a
야
m tr
여
야 . 야
”
mR i
i
Lπ
? A
long
야
h O lν
We use for and since to say
m
We use since + the start of the period (Monday / 9:00 , et c.)
start oJ the period for three days M o nday Monday
Tu esday
Wednesday
past
now
past
no μ/
•
for three days an hour a week a month fìve years
• • •
since Monday
slnce
10 minu tes two h o urs four weeks six month s a long time
R ich ard has been in Canada for six months . (not since six months) We ’ ve b een waiting for two hours . (not since two h o urs) I ’ ve lived in C hicago for a long time.
Monday 9:00 Ju ly 4th Jan uary 1995
• • •
Wednεsday
12:30 my bir th day 1 was 10 years old we arr ived
R ichard h as b een in Ca nada since january. (= from January to now) We ’ ve b een waiting since 9:00 (= fro m 9 :00 to n ow) I ’ ve lived in C h icago since 1 was 10 years old.
Ago ago = • • • •
、、
b efore n ow: Susan started h er n ew j o b three weeks ago. (= three weeks befo re n ow) “ W h en did Tom leave?" “ Ten minutes ago ." (= ten minutes b efo re now) 1 had dinn er an hour ago. Life was ve ry differen t a hundred years ago .
We use ago w ith th e pas t (started / did / had / was , et c.) Comp are ago and for : • When did Jan e arrive in Brazil? She arrived in B razil three days ago . • How long has sh e been in Brazil? Sh e has been in B razil for three days.
present perfect + for/since • Unit 17 from/until/since/for • Unit 105 for and during • Unit 106
U N
Exercises 18.1 Write for or since. 1 ‘ j an e h as b een in Brazil
5쁘똥_
M o nday. 2. ] an e h as bee n in Brazil -1J뜨_ three days
15 yea rs.
3 . M y aunt h as lived in Au stra lia
4. ] ennifer is in h er o ffì ce . Sh e has been there 7:00 182 1 5. M exico h as b ee n an independent co untry 6. The bu s is late. W e ’ ve been w aiting 20 minutes 7. N ob o dy lives in those h o uses. Th ey h ave b ee n empty many yea rs. 8. Mich ael h as been sick a lo n g time. H e h as bee n in th e h ospital Oc to ber
18.2 Answer these questions. Use ago. 재 ree
1. Wh en was the las t time yo u ate?
2. Wh en 3. When 4. When 5. Wh en
was the las t time was the las t time was thε las t time was the last time
yo u yo u yo u yo u
we re we nt we re we nt
hours aao
sick ? to th e movies? in a car? o n vac ation?
18.3 Complete the sentences. Use for or ago with these words.
i
1. j an e arrive d in Brazil t샌ξ쁘짝.f!.g o. 2. j an e h as been in Brazil _ψr three daνs 3. Lynn and M ark h ave bee n m arri ed 4. Lynn and M ark go t m arri ed
Da n arrived 6. 1 bo u ght th ese sh oes 7. Silvia h as been studying E n gli sh 8. H ave yo u known Lisa 5.
?
(three days) (three days) (20 yea rs) (20 yea rs) (an h o ur) (a few days) (six m o nth s) (a lo n g time)
18.4 Complete the sentences with for or since. 1. (J an e is in Brazil - sh e arri ved there three days ago)
l ane has been in Brazil f뜨펴gζ쁘x::s 2. (J ac k is h ere - h e arri ve d o n Tu esday) ] ac k h as 3. (I t ’s rai l1 in g - it started a l1 h o ur ago) It ’s bee n 4. (1 know Su e - 1 m et h er in 2002) I ’ ve 5. (C laire and M atthew are m arri ed - they go t m arried six m Ol1 ths ago) C laire and M atth ew h ave 6 . (Li z is stud ying m edicine at th e unive rsity - sh e started three yea rs ago ) Li z h as 7. (David plays th e pian o - h e started w h en h e was seve n yea rs old) David h as
18.5 Write sentences about yourself. Begin your sentences with: I ’ ve lived . .. 1’ ve been . .. 1’ ve been studying . .. 1’ ve known . .. 1’ ve had . /'ve lived in th is town f익쁘쁘잉쩍뜨 1 이 /- 끼 j
에
A
J .
•
Additional exercises 16-18 (pages 250-251)
37
I have done and I did (present perfect and simple past 1) u
’ /
、
、 、
、、
His car is dirty.
야
We use the present p erfec t fo r an actíon ín th e past w ith a result η o w : • 1’ ve lost my pass po r t. (= 1 can 't find my passport η ow) • “ Where ’'s R eb ecca?" “ She ’s gone to b ed." (= sh e is in b ed η ow) • We ’ ve bought a n ew ca r. (= w e have a n ew car now) • It ’s Rachel’s birthday to m o rrow, and 1 haven ’ t bought h er a prese nt. (= 1 do n ’ t h ave a prese nt fo r h er η ow) • “ B ob is away o n vacatio n." “ O h , w h ere has h e gone ?" (= w here is h e • Have yo u lllet my brother , o r sh o uld 1 introdu ce you ? • 1 was a very slow typist in coll ege , but 1’ ve gotten faster
mf
e
m
m h m
n otν?)
U sually yo u can also use the simple p ast (he washed / 1 lost , et c.) in these situ atio ns. So yo u can say: l “ Where ’s yo ur key?" “ I ’ ve lost i t." or “ 1 lost it." • “ Is Pet er h ere?" “ N o , h e ’s gone h o m e." or “ H e went h o m e." • W e ’ ve bought a n ew ca r. or We bought a new ca r. W e use o nly the simple past (n o t the present p erfect) with a Jinished time (yesterday , last week , etc.). • 1 lost my key yesterday. (not 1 h ave los t) • W e bought a n ew car last wee k. (not we have b o ught)
simple past • Units 11-12 present perfect • Units 16-18 present perfect and simple past • Units 20-21
뼈
m
’
%
따
h
뼈
야
They are going ou t.
H e has washed his ca r. (= his car is clean no!ν)
πω μ「
T h ey are at home.
H e is washing his ca r.
Exer다 19.1
U N I T
Look at the pictures. What has happened? Use the present perfect. Choose from: go to bed
, .. “
heJore
stop ralnlng
1.. 1..‘- - - ‘
”“~.““‘
“‘
close the door
fall down
take a shower
now
-•
、
,
/
、‘
•
/
She has washed her ca r.
2. 6-
권
He
3.
T hey
에빼띨블난~q‘l
4‘
: @E ’
‘
‘ .......... r
~’ ‘- -누..“~ ~
’ 5 He
6 T he
19.2 Rewrite the sentences that have lmderlined verbs. Use the present perfect. 1. Lee Ming isn 't here. He 뾰 nt h o m e. 2.
브섭김흑-9one
home.
1 don ’t nee d to call th em. 1 wro te them a letter‘
3. Karen ’s not co min g to th e pa rty. She 얀약e her ar m 4. My bro th er and his wife do n ’ t live here any more. T hey
”
……
띠
qm
댔
m
Seattl e.
LM
뻐
R
ιμ
‘‘
m
μ
u 」 r
<
u
뼈 때뼈m - -째 p
-N
Vι
7
‘
。
D-D
e- a nn 。
」u - ; -Vι
’
I l
n-U띠버--띠
5 6
핀으X효 d to
?
Now rewrite these present perfect sentences in the simple past. 8. I 'v트브으므르 the shoppi ng l did the shopplng 9. Brian 쁘묘싹e n my bike aga in with out asking 10 뀐묘e yo u 띤피 yo ur fri ends th e goo d news) 11. We have n ’ t pald th e elec tri c bil l. ‘
39
just, alreadμ and yet (present perfect and simple past 2) = a short
Just
time ago
Hi! Come in .
We use just with the present perfect or the simple past. • A: Are Diane and Paul here? B: Yes , they ’ ve just arrived. or Yes, they just arrived. • A: Are you hungry? B: No , 1’ ve just had dinne r. or 1 just had dinner • A: 1s Tom h ere? B: No , sorry, he ’ s just left. or H e just left. Al ready
= before
you expected / before 1 expected
We u se already with the present perfect or th e si n:ψ le past. • A: 찌T h a t time are Diane and Paul coming? B: They ’ ve already arrived. or They already arrived • It ’s only 9:00 and Anna has already gone to bed. or ... Anna already went to bed. (= b efo re 1 expected) • A: Jon , this is Emma B: Yes , 1 know. We ’ ve already met. or 재!e already met .
= until
Yet
They have just arrived
Jo n, this is Emm a.
Yes , I know. We ’ ve already me t.
n ow
We use yet with the present perfect or the simple past. We use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end. yet
111 η egatlve
•
•
•
yet
111
•
•
A : Are Diane and Paul h ere? B: No , they haven ’t arrived yet. or .. they didn ’ t arrive yet(but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon) A: Does James know that yo u ’ re going away? B: No , I haven ’ t told him yet. or 1 didn ’ t tell him yet. (but B is go ing to tell him soo n) Silvia has bought a new dress , but she hasn ’t worn it yet. or ... she didn ’t wear lt yet.
q“estwns A: Have Diane and Paul arrived yet? B:
A: B:
l
sentences
A: B:
The fi lm hasn ’ t started yet Oh , it’5 nice , Have you worn it yet ? This is my new dress
or
Did Diane and Paul arrive yet? N 0 , not yet. We ’ re still waiting for them Has Nicole started h er n ew job yet? or Did Nicole start h er new job yet? No , she ’'s star ting next week. This is my new dress Oh , it ’s nice. Have yo u worn it yet? or Did you wear it yet?
’{ **--즈(
present perfect • Units 16-18 present perfect and simple past • Units 19, 21
still , yet, and already • Unit 96
Exercises Write a sentence with just for each picture. ’h
u
띠
”
디
4 --
뼈
20.1
T1
U N
”v
4
3
2.
a
This is ou r new car
WE 싸
CARS
3. Th ey 4. Th e race 20.2 Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect. 1.
2. 3. 4.
5 6
What time is Paul arriving? Do your friends want to see the movie? Don ’ t forget to call Tom. When is Martin going to work? Do you want to read the newspaper? When does Sarah start her new job?
He's alread‘ y arrived N o , th ey
lt .
He
I She
20.3 Rewrite these sentences. Use the present perfect. 1. Did Sarah start h er new j o b ye t?
2. 3. 4. :' . 6. 7.
H as Sarah started her new lob vetz
D id vou tel1 your father abo ut th e a cc idεnt ye t? μ딱냥댄 a big dinner , so 1’ m n o t hungr y. J enny can wa tch TV beca use sh e alrea dy did h er h o m ewo rk. Yo u ca n 't go to b ed - yo u didn ’t bru sh your t eeth ye t Yo u can ’ t talk to Pete beca use h e lu st we nt h o m e. Ni cole iust Qot out o f th e h ospital , so sh e can ’ t go to wo rk.
Now rewrite these sentences in the simple past. 8. Have vou given th e pos t o ffi ce o ur new address ye t?
Did vou aive the oost office our new address vet 2 9. 10 . 1 1. 12.
Th e mail carri er h as n ’ t C0111 e ye t 1’ ve just spoken to yo ur slste r. H as M ario bOUQht a new co mputer ye t? TI'e d and Ali ce h ave n ’ t told anyo n e they ’ re getting m arri ed ye t.
13 . W e, ’ ve alreadv d o ne o ur pac king fo r o ur trip. 14. 1’ ve Just swum a 111ilε. 1 fee l g rea t! 20.4 Write questions with the present perfect and yet. 1. Yo ur
산 iend
ha s a new j o b. Perhaps she has started i t. Yo u as k h er
H ave vou started vour new lob vet 2 2. Yo ur fri end h as so m e new n eighb o rs. Mayb e h e h as m et th em .You ask him : yo u 3 . Yo ur fri end has to pay h er pho n e bill. Perh aps sh e h as paid i t. Yo u as k h er:
?
?
4. T0 111 was trying to sell hi s ca r. M aybe h e has so ld it. Yo u as k a fri end ab o ut To m. ?
41
l ’ ve lost my key. I lost my key last week. (present perfect and simple past 3) Some times yo u can use the present perfect (1 have lost I h e has gone , et c.) or the simple past (1 lost I h e went , et c.). l
“ Is Peter here?"
“ No , h e ’s gone hom e."
or
“ N 0 , he went h ome."
B ut w ith a finish ed time (yesterday I last week , etc.) , we use only the simple past (n ot the present p erfec t).
simp le past
I
yesterday last week. at 3:00 m
yesterday last week six months ago fηish ed time
m
s
쩡
없
뼈
We arriv ed
+ fini shed time
0
past
now
Do not use the prese nt perfect (have arrived I have done I have been , et c.) w ith a finish ed time: • 1 saw Paula yesterday . (not 1 have see n) • W h ere were you on Sunday afternoon ? (not W h ere have yo u been) • We didn ’ t take a vaca tion last year . (not We haven ’ t taken) l “ W hat did you do last night?" “ 1 stayed at home." • W illi am Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616 . He was a w ri te r. He wrote m any plays and poems. Use th e simple past to ask When ... ? or What time ... ? • When did you buy yo ur computer? (not W h en have yo u bo ugh t?) • What time did Andy go out? (not W hat time has Andy gone out?) Compare:
Present perfect or simple past • 1 have lost my key. or 1 lost my key. (= 1 can't find it η Otν) • Ben has gone home. or Ben went home. (= he isn ’t here noψ) • Have you had lunch? or Did you have lunch? T h e letter hasn ’ t arrived yet. or The letter didn ’ t arrive yet
•
Present perfect only
Simple past only
time until now now past • Have yo u ever been to Spain? (= in your life , until η ow) • My friend is a write r. He has written many books. • T h e letter hasn ' t arrived yet. • We ’ ve lived in Boston for six years. (= we live there now)
꺼nish ed
time
past
now
•
Did yo u go to Spain last year?
•
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) wrote many plays and poems The letter didn ’ t arrive yesterday. 재re lived in Chicago for six years , but now we live in Boston.
• l
present perfect • Units 16-18 present perfect and simple past •
U 미 ts
19-20
U N
Exercises 21.1
T
11
Complete the answers to the questions. Have you had lunch? 2. 3. 4
5
Have you started your new job? Have your friends arrived? Has Sarah gone out? Have you worn your new suit?
Yes , I had Yes, I Yes, they Yes , Yes ,
it
an hour ago. last week on Friday. at 5:00. yesterday.
21.2 Are these sentences OK? Correct the verbs that are wrong. (The verbs are underlined.) 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 21.3
I've 브뜨 my key. 1 ca n 't find i t. Have vou seen Kate yesterday? 1’ ve finished my work at 2:00. 1’ m ready now. 1’ ve finished my work. What time have vou finished your work? Sue isn ’ t here. Shζ.Lg으므효 ou t. Steve ’s grandmother h딱끽l역 two years ago. Where have vou been last night?
OK
Did you see
Put the verb in the present perfect or past. 1. My friend is a write r. He
wntten
(write) m.any books. 2. W，ε d idn't take (not / take) a vaca tion last year. 3. 1 (play) tennis yesterday aftεrnoon. 4. What time (yo u / go) to bed last night? (you / ever / meet) a famous person? 5 (not / be) very good yesterday 6. The weather (visit) many countries. 7. Kathy travels a lot. She (turn) off the light before leaving this morning. 8. 1 (live) in Mexico for many years. 9.1liveinNεw York now, but 1 (not / be) there." 10. “ What ’s Peru like? Is it beautifuP ' ’ “ 1 don ’t know. 1 h05
21.4 Put the verb in the present perfect or past. 1.
A: Have vou ever been (you / ever / be) to Florida? B: Yes , we went (go) there on vacation two years ago. (you / have) a good time? A: (be) great B: Yes , it
2. A ’ What does your friend do? B: She ’s a painte r. She (win) many prizes for her paintings. A: (yo u / see) any of her paintings? B: Yes , 1 (see) some of her work last week 3.
(have) a lot of different jobs. Rose works in a factory, but she (be) a waitress in a restauran t. After that , she Five yεars ago she (work) on a ranch , but she (not / enjoy) it very much
4. A: Do you know Martin ’s sister? B: 1 (see) her a few times , but 1 (you / ever / spεak) to her? (never / speak) to her (meet) h er at a party last week. She ’s very I11 ce A: Yes. 1
•
Additional exercises 19-23 , 29-31 (pages 252-254, 257-259)
43
is done
was done (passive 1)
The office is cleaned eve ry day. Th e office was cleaned yesterday.
Co mpare ac tive and p assive: Som ebo dy cleans the office every day.
(activ잉
The office is cleaned every day.
φ ass lV이
Som ebo dy cleaned 쁘~ office yesterday. φctiv이
-
The office was cleaned yesterday.
(passivψ
The passive is:
past participle simple preseηt simple past
am / is / are was / were
(not)
+
cleaned invented injured
done built taken , etc
The past participle of regular verbs is -ed (cleaned/ damaged , etc.) For a list of irregular past participles (done / built/ taken , et c.), see Appendixes 2-3. • • • •
Butter is made from milk. Oranges are imported into Canada. How often are these rooms cleaned? I am never invited to parties.
• • • •
This house was bui 1t 100 years ago. These houses were built 100 years ago. When was the telephone invented? We weren ’ t invited to the party last week. “ Was anybody injured in the accident?" “ Yes , two people were taken to the hospita l."
•
Was / were born • I was born in Colombia in 1989. (rlO t I am born) • “ W h ere were yo u born ?" “ In Cairo."
Passive + by • • •
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. (= Alexander Gra ham Bell invented it) I was bitten by a dog a few days ago. Do you like these paintings? They were painted by a friend of mine .
is being done / has been done • Unit 23 irregu lar ve rbs • active and passive • Appendix 1
Unit 25 , Appendixes 2-3 by •
Unit112
U N I T
Exercises 22.1
I
Write sentences from these words. Some of the sentences are questions. Sentences 1-7 are present. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
(the office / clean / every day) 교효으센ce is cleaned evecì'-띤x (these rooms / clean / every day?) A re these rooms cleaned eveι쁘ι2 (glass / make / from sand) Glass (stamps / sell / in a post office) (this word / not / use / very often) (we / allow / to park here?) (how / this word / pronounce?)
Sentences 8-15 are past. 8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12. 13. 14. 15.
(the office / clean / yesterday) Thζ-2.ftice was cleaned g딱쩍ι (thε house / paint / last month) The house (my phone / steal / a few days ag이 (three people / injure / in the accident) (when / this bridge / build?) (1 / not / wake up / by the noise) (how / these windows / break?) (you / invite / to Jon ’s party last week?)
22.2 These sentences are not correct. Correct them. 1. ( Th1s house bu1l y 100 years ago.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
This house was built 100
똥으팍요양;
Soccer plays in most countries of the world. Why did the letter send to the wrong address? A garage is a place where cars repai r. Where are you born? How many languages are spεaking in Switzerland? Somebody broke into our house , but nothing stolen When was invented the bicycle?
22.3 Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs: 라e율 n
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
damage
find
give
invite
make
make
show
steal
4와g
The room I.s cleaned every da y. 1 saw an accident yesterda y. Two people were taken to the hospita l. Paper from wood There was a fire at the hotεI last week. Two of the rooms to me bv a friend of mine." “ Where did you get this picturε? ” “ It Many British programs on American television. “ Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?" “ No. They , but they didn ’t go ” “ How old is this movie?" “ It in1965." My car last week , but the next day it by the police.
22.4 Where were they born? 1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
M akoto was born in To싹 (Makoto / Tokyo) Isabel (Isabel / São Paulo) (her parents / Rio de Janeiro) Her (you / ???) (your mother / ?η )
45
has been done (passive 2)
being done
IS
Is I are being ... (present •
cont inu o μ 5
pass ive)
‘
‘ •
‘ ‘
Som ebo dy is painting the
doorι
띠 ctíve)
「
T h e di;괴 is being painted t
‘
-
(p assive)
‘ .
-
“
-
• •
M y car is at th e garage. It is being repaired . (= som eb ody is rep airing it) So m e n ew h ouses are being bui1t across from the park . (= som ebo dy is building them)
Comp are the present continu ous passive and simple presεn t passlve : p resenπt co 아nμtμi”1nM 1 • T h e offi ce is being cleaned right now. (ψ T h e offi ce is cleaned every day. (si m η1p le presen t pass ψ i!veψj In the U nited States , foo tb all gam es are usually played on weekends, but no big ga m es are being played n ext weekend
•
Fo r the p resent co ntinu o us and simple present , see Units 8 and 26 . Has / have been . . .
(p rese η t
peifect
pass iνe)
Someb ody has painted the door l. 띠ctiv잉 명
"'\l
=그 그
• • • •
亡그 그
r=
T뇨ξA으요[] has been painted
WET
PAINt
M y key has been st이 en. (= som ebo dy has stolen it) M y keys have been stolen. (= so m ebo dy has stolen them) I ’ m n ot go ing to th e p arty. I haven ’ t been invited. (= n ob ody has invited m e) Has this shirt been washed ? (= h as som eb ody wash ed it?)
Compare th e present p erfec t and simple past : • T h e room isn ’ t dirty any m ore. It has been cleaned. (prese nt peifcct passive) T h e roo m was cleaned yesterday. (s imp le pas t pass ive) I can ’t find my keys. I think they ’ ve been stolen. (present peifect pass ive) M y keys were stolen last week. (s imp Ze past passive)
•
For th e prese nt perfec t and simple pas t , see U nits 19-2 1. is done / was done • Unit 22 active and passive • Appendix 1
ψ asslv이
U N I T
Exercises 23.1
What ’s happening? 1.톨
23.2
t
,
1
2.
1.
The ca r 파싹{L쁘lZaired
2.
A bridge
3. The windows 4. The grass
look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous (is/are being ... ) or the present perfect (has/have been ... ). 2
3.
5
2.
(the offì ce / clean) _객f..2/J똥휴뾰뾰 cleaned (the shirts / iron) Tne shirts have been ironed
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
(th e window / brea k) The window (th e roof / repair) The roof (th e ca r / damage) (the hou ses / tear / down) (the trees / cu t / down) (th ey / invite / to a party)
1.
23.3 Complete the sentences. (Study Unit 22 before you do this exercise.) 1 ca n ’ t u se my offìce right now. It is bel !Ji]--P- amted (paint) 2. W e didn ’ t go to th e part y. W e werenlt lfWIte d (not / invite). 1.
The washing m ac hine was broke n , but it ’'s OK n o w. It (repair) The washing m ac hin e (repair) yes te rday afternoon. A factory is a place where thin gs (make) How o ld are th ese h o uses? Wh e n (they / b l1 ild)? (the computer / l1 se) at th e m o ment' A: B: Yes , Steve is usin g it. 8. 1’ ve n eve r see n th ese fl owers before. What (they / call)? (s tea l) at the b eac h yεsterday. 9. My sl1 nglasses 10. The bridge is clo se d . It (dama ge) last week , and it (n ot / re pair) ye t. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
•
Additional exercises 24-27 (pages 255- 256)
47
be/have/do in present and past tenses Be (= am / is / are / was / were) + -ing (cleaning / working , etc.) am/ is / are + -ing φ resent co ntμinuO 띠 아 u“S -••
Units 3-4 and 26
was / were + -ing ψ as t co ntinu o“5)
-• Unit 13
• • •
Please be quiet. 1’ m working It isn ’ t raining right now. What are you doing tonight?
• • •
1 was working when she arr ived. It wasn't raining , so we didn ’t need an umbrella What were you doing at 3:00?
Be + past particψ le (cleaned / made / eaten , et c. ) am / is / are + past participle (s imple preseη t pass ive)
• Unit 22 was / were + past participle (s imple past passive)
-• Unit 22
• • •
1’ m never invited to parties. Butter is made from milk. The se offices aren ’ t cleaned every day.
• • • •
The office was cleaned yesterday. T hese houses were built 100 years ago. How was the window broken ? Where were you born?
Have / has + past participle (cleaned/ lostl eaten / been , etc.) have / has + past participle (present peifect) •
Units 16- 17 , 19-21
• • • •
1’ ve lived in this house for 10 years. Tom has never ridden a horse. Kate hasn ’ t been to Sou th America. Where have Paul and Nicole gone ?
Do / does / did + baseform (clean/ like / eat/ go , et c.) do / does + base fo rm (simple p resent negative and ques tions)
•
Units 6-7
did + base form (simple past nega ti ve and q ~， es ti o ns)
-• Unit 12
irregular verbs •
Unit 25 , Appendixes 2-3
• • • •
1 like coffee , but 1 don ’ t like tea Chris doesn ’ t go out very often. What do yo u usually do on weekends? Does Silvia live alone?
• • •
1 didn ’ t watch TV yesterday. It didn ’ t rain last week What time did Paul and Nicole go out?
U N I T
Exercises 24.1 Write is/are or do/does.
00
th e sun shining? th e stores close? 7 What time 8 M aria wo rking to day? 9. 댄! h a t this wo rd m ea n? 10 . yo u feeling all right?
you wo rk at night? they going? 2 Wh ere are you loo king at m e? 3. Why 4. Billlive n ea r yo u? 5 you like to coo k? 1.
6
24.2 Write am not/isn't/aren ’ t or don't/doesn't. AII these sentences are negative.
do, esn't
1. Tom
wo rk at ni gh t.
2. 1’ m ve ry tired. 1 wa nt to go o ut tonigh t. 3. 1’ m very tired. 1 go ing o ut to ni ght . 4. Gary working this week. H e ’s o n vacat lO n. 5. M y parents are usually at ho m e. Th ey go out ve ry often. speak any fo reign languages 6. Ni co le has traveled a lot , but sh e 7. Yo u ca n turn offth e television . r watching it 8. Liz has invited us to her party next week , but we g0 1l1 g. 24.3 Write was/were/ did/have /has. Wh ere 2 3 4
were
Wh at Wh ere
5
yo ur sh oes made? yo u go o ut las t ni ght ? yo u doing at 10: 30? you r mo th er bo r n ? Barbara go n e h om e?
6 7
Wh at time Whe n
8.
9. Why 10. H ow lo n g
she go? these hous es built ? Steve arrived ye t? yo u go hom e ea rl y? th ey bee n m arri ed ?
24.4 Write is/are/ was/ were /have/has. 1. Joe
2. 3 4.
5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
h깅5
lost hi s passport Thi s bridge built 10 yea rs ago. you fini shed yo ur wo rk ye t? Thi s town is always clea n . Th e stree ts c1 ea ned eve ry day. Wh ere yo u born? ju st m ade so me co ffee Wo uld yo u like so m e? 1 Glass made from sand. taken a lo ng time ago . Thi s is a ve ry old ph otograph. It D av id bo ught a new ca r. ‘
24.5 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb into the correct form. damage listen 1.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 1 1.
use
enJoy open
좋tr
go
pronounce understand
eat
1’ m go ing to take an umbrella with m e. It ’s r낀 nmg . Why are yo u so tired? Did you ---Ø.으_ to bed late last night ? Wh ere are th e choco lates? H ave yo u all of th em ? lt > H ow is your new j ob? Are yo u My ca r wa s badl y in the accident , but 1 was O K. C hri s has a car, but she do esn ’t it very o ft en Mary isn ’ t at h o me. She has away for a few days . th e problem. Ca n yo u explain it aga in? I do n ’t to mUSl c. M artin is in his roo m . H e ’S 1 do n ’ t know h ow to say this w ord . How is it ? H ow do you this w indow ? Ca n you show m e?
49
Regular and irregular verbs Regular verbs T he simple past and past participle of regular verbs is -ed clean • cleaned live • lived paint • p ainted study • studied
Simple past (-• Unit 11) • 1 cleaned my room yesterday. • C harli e studied engineering in co llege. Past participle have / has + past participle (present p erfect -• U nits 16-17 , 19-21) • 1 have cleaned my room • Tina has lived in Miami for 10 years . be (is / are / were / has been , et c. ) + past participle (passive • • T h ese rooms are cleaned every day • My car has been repaired.
Units 22-23):
Irregular verbs The simple past and past participle of irregular verb s do not end in -ed:
simple past past participle
make
break
cut
made made
broke broken
cut cut
Sometimes the simple past and past participle are the same. For exa mple:
1I
simple past past participle J • •
•
make made
find
buy
cut
found
bought
cut
I made a ca ke yesterday. (s Ìmple past) 1 have made so me coffee. (past participle - present peifect) Butter is made 감om ll1 ilk. (past participle - present passÌ l! e)
Sometimes th e simple past and past participle are different. For exa mpl e:
simple past past participle • • •
break
know
begin
go
broke broken
knew known
began begun
went gone
SO ll1 ebody broke this window last night. (s imple past) SO ll1 ebody has broken this w indow. (past particíple - present peifect) This window was broken last night . ψ ast participle - past pass Ìve)
irregular verbs • Appendixes 2-3 spelling (regular verbs) • Appendix 5
U N I T
Exercises 25.1 Write the simple past / past participle of these verbs. (T he simple past and past participle are the same for all the verbs in th is exercise.) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
make cu t say bring pay
m ade Cu t
6. enjoy 7. buy 8. sit 9. leave 10. happen
1 1. 12. 13. 14. 15.
hear put catch watch understand
25.2 Write the simple past and past participle of these verbs. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
break begin eat drink drive speak wnte
broke
broken
8 9.
10. 11. 12. 13 . 14.
come know take go give throw get
25.3 Put the verb in the right form. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12. 13. 14. 15.
washed
my hands because they were dirt y. (wash) Somebody has broken this window. (break) 1 feel good. 1 very we l1 1ast night. (sleep) We a rea l1 y good movie yesterday. (see) lt a lot while we were on vacation. (rain) 1’ ve l11 y bag. (l ose) Have you it? (see) Rosa ’s bicycle was last week. (steal) 1 to bed early beca use 1 was tired. (g이 Have you your work yet? (finish) The shopping mall was about 20 years ago. (build) Anna to drive when she was 16. (learn) a horse. (ride) 1’ve never her for a long time. (know) Julia is a good friend ofminε. 1’ ve Yesterday 1 and my leg. (fall / hurt) My brother in the Boston Marathon last yea r. Have you ever in a marathon? (run / run)
1. 1
25.4 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb into the correct form. c o st speak
9.
10. 11. 12.
빠와te
think
meet wake up
sell
‘
'V ln
1 have made some coffee. Would you like some? Haveyou Johnaboutyournewjob? We played basketball on Sunda y. We didn ’t play very well , but we the ga l11 ε. 1 know Gary, but 1’ve never his wife 매le were by loud music in the middle of the night Stephanie jumped into the river and to the other side @ ” r gb N $ / “ Did you like the 1110vie?" “ Yes , 1 %qu mf I m m Many different languages are Our vacation a lot of 1110ney because we stayed in an expensive hotel Have you ever a very fast car' All the tickets for the concert were very quickly. in through the open window while we were having our dinne r. A bird pι
7. 8.
fl y tell
떠없
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
driv e sWlm
51
What are you doing tomorrow?
.mt
4
ι
배
mnF
빠
Today is Sunday.
U
4
“
They are playing tennis (now).
-- mw •• ,‘
/‘ ‘
He is playing tennis tomorrow.
We use am/ is / are + -ing ψ rcscnt continuo 씨 for something happening now: l “ Where are Sue and Amanda?" “ They ’re playing tennis in the park." • Please be quie t. 1’ m working
“
We also use am / is / are + -ing for the Jut rc (tomorrow / next week , etc.): • Andrew is playing tennis tomorrow. • 1’ m not working next week. nU
「J
/I
Sophie is going to the dentist on Friday. (= she has an appointment with the dentist) We ’re having a party next weekend. Are you meeting your friends tonight? What are you doing tomorrow night? 1’ m not going out tonigh t. 1’ m staying at home.
You can also say, “ I ’ m going to do something." (•
j
’“
Unit 27).
Be carefu l! Do not use the simplc prcscnt (1 stay / do you go , etc.) to say what somebody has arranged to do: • 1’ m staying at home this evening. (not 1 stay) • Are you going out tonight? (not Do you go) • Lisa isn't coming to the party next week. (not Lisa doesn ’t come) But we use the simple present for schedules (buses , movies , classes , et c.): • The plane arrives in N ew York at 7 :30 tomorrow morning. • What timε does the movie end tonight? Compare:
Prcscnt continuOlμ (usually for people) • 1’ m going to a concert tomorrow• What time are you leaving?
present continuous •
U 미 ts
3-4
Simplc prcsCl1 t (for schedules) • The concert starts at 7:30. • What time does your plane leave?
simple present • Units 5-7
I'm going to ... • Unit 27
a
mw1/ ι
• • • •
m n3 m
빼때
•
= 1 have arranged to do it ,
下ι
1 am doing something tomorrow 1 have a plan to do it:
U N I T
Exercises 26.1 Look at the pictures. What are these people doing next Friday? ?
4
3.
5
이Qvi e ‘
7화η/k
Andrew 1.
Richard
Rachel
Karen
Tom and Sue
Andrew is v/avina tennis on Frida v.
2. Richard 3. Rachel
to th e movies. \unch with Ken.
4. 「
3
26.2 Write questions. AII the sentences are future. 1. 2. 3.
4.
5.
(you / go / out / tonight?) (you / work / next week?) (what / you / do / tomorrow night?) (what time / your friends / come?) (when / Liz / go / on vacation?)
Are vou aoina out toniah t2
26.3 Write sentences about yourself. What are you doing in the next few days? 1.
2.
stα vina
at home tonight. I 보4으띤a to the theater on Monda ι I'm
3. 4.
5. 6.
26.4 Put the verb in the present continuous (he is leaving, et c.) or simple present (the train leaves , et c.). 1. 2.
3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
8. 9. 10.
“-건얻￡쁘깅요!!lg
(you / go) out tonight?" “ No , I ’ m too tired." Wek aoln(). (we / go) to a concert tonight. It startS (it / start) at 7:30. (Karen / get) married next month! Listen to this! A: My parents (g 이 on vacation next week. (they / go)? B: Oh , that ’s 111ce 매Thεrε Si\via is taking an English course this semeste r. The course (end) on Fr피 ay. There ’s a party tomorrow night , but (I / not / go). (1 / go) out with some friends tonight. 매Thy don ’ t you (wε / meet) at John ’s house at 8:00. come , too? (you / get) home a 삼 er the party tomorrow? By taxi? A: How (leavε) at midnight B: No , I can go by bus. The last bus A: Do you want to go to the movies tonight? (the movie / begin)? B: Yes , what time (you / do) tomorrow afternoon? A: What (1 / work). B
53
l ’ m going to
• • •
I ’ m going to do something l’ m going to watch TV tonig ht
-
-;-=:
。 。。
」==; 듀0.
}
mornmg
tonight
She is going to watch TV tonight . We use am / is / are going to . . . for the future: I am h e / sh eli t is we/ you lth ey are am I is h e/ sh elit are w e/ you lthey
(n o t) going to
•
gomg to
buy . .. ? eat . P w ear - - ?
1 am going to do something I decided to do it
do . .. drink . .. watch .
I have decided to do it; my intention is to do it:
-
I ’ m going to d o it
past
• • • • • •
fμ ture
nOlν
I ’ m going to buy some books tomorrow Sarah is going to sell her car I ’ m not going to have breakfast this morning. I ’ m not hungry. What are you going to wear to the wedding next week? “ Your hands are dirty." “ Yes , I know. I ’ m going to wash them." Are you going to invite Martin to your party?
We also use the present continuous (1 am doing) for the future , usually for arrangements (-• Unit 26) • I am playing tennis with Julia tomorrow. Something is going to happen Something is going to happen = we can see now that it is sure to happen Look at the sky! It ’ s going to rain. (black clouds noψ -• rain) Oh , no! It ’s 9:00 , and I ’ m not read y. I ’ m going to be late. (9:00 nOlν and not ready • late)
• •
present for the future • Unit 26 will • Units 28-29
|얀
going to rain :.;
U N I T
Exercises
1
27.1 What are these people saying?
1
4
CA~
f
"'" We
27.2 Complete the sentences. Use going to + these verbs: do 1.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
8. 9.
eat
give
lie down
stay
walk
→￥ a~h
watch
*￥ ear
My hands are dirt y. 1'1m aoma to wash them What are vou aoma to wear to the party tonight? 1t ’s a ni ce day. 1 don ’t want to take the bus. 1 Steve is go ing to San Diego next week. H ε with so me fri ends. 1’ m hungry. 1 thi s sa ndwi ch 1t ’s Sharo n ’s birthday next week. We her a prese nt . for an hom. Sue says she ’'s feeling ve ry tired . She 1tP The president ’s speec h is o n telev ision tonigh t. yo u 재T hat Ra chel when she fini shes sc hool?
27.3 Look at the pictures. What is going to happen? 2.
1.
1t3
aolnα
3
4
to ram.
2. T he sh elf 3. T he car 4. He 27.4 What are you going to do today or tomorrow? Write three sentences. 1. 1’ 111
2
3
55
will
1
Sarah goes to work every day. Sh e is always there from 8:30 until 4:30. It is 11 :00 n ow. Sarah is at work.
A t 11 :00 yesterday, she was at work. At 11 :00 to m o rrow, she w il1 be at work.
Sarah w il1
+ base Jorm (wil1 be I w il1 win I w il1 come , et c.):
I / we /you / th εy
he /s h eli t
w il1 (’ 11) w il1 not (won ’ t )
be • wln eat come , et c.
be ? w il1
I1 we /you / they
、V1I1 「r
h ε Is h elit
eat? come ?, etc.
’ 11 = w il1: 1’ 11 (1 will) I you ’ 11 I she ’11 , etc. won't = w il1 not: 1 won't (= 1 will not) I you won ’ t I she won't , etc We use w il1 for the 기Itμ re (tomorrow I next week , etc.): • Sue travels a lot. Today she is in Los Angeles. Tomorrow she ’ 11 be in Mexico City. N ext week she ’ 11 be in NewYork. • You can call me tonight. 1’ 11 be at home. • Leave the old bread in the yard. The birds w il1 eat it. • We ’ 11 probably go out tonigh t. • W il1 you be at home tonight? • •
1 won ’ t be here tomorrow. (= 1 will not be here) Don ’t drink coffee before you go to bed.You won ’ t sleep.
We often say 1 think . . . w il1 • 1 think Kelly will pass her driver ’s tes t. • 1 don ’ t think it w il1 rain this afternoon • Do you think the test w il1 be di퍼cu1t? We do not use w il1 for things we have already arranged or decided to do (-• Units 26-27): • We ’re going to the movies on Saturday. Do you want to come with us? (η ot We will go) • 1’ m not working tomorrow. (rwt 1 won't work) • Are you going to take your driver ’s test tomorrow? (not 매Till you take)
What are you doing tomorrow? • Unit 26
I’ m going
to .
•
Unit 27 will
2•
Unit 29
U N I T
Exercises 28.1 Helen is traveling in South America. Complete the sentences with she was , she's , or she ’11 be. in Rio de Janeiro. Yesterday she was 2. TO l11 orrow 3 Last week 4 Next week
5 Right now 6 Thrεe days ago 7. At the end of her trip
CARACAS Next week
in Bogotá. in Santiago. in Caracas in Li l11 a in Buenos Aires. very tired.
상
UMA
Right now
Helen
28.2 Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use: I ’ 11 be . .. or I ’ 11 probably be . .. or I don ’ t know where I ’ 11 be. /'11 vrobablv be at the beach 1. (at 10:00 tO l11 orrow) I'11 be at work. OR 2. 3. 4. 5.
(one hour fro l11 now) (at l11 idnight tonight) (at 3:00 tO l11 orrow a 삼εrnoon) (two years fro l11 now)
28.3 Put in w il/ ('1/) or won't. 1.
2 3.
ιω
9ι
Rν
6. 7.
없앙
frl
띠 J
5.
9 ‘>
l11
inutes." be at
m
뺑
4.
Don ’ t drink coffee before you go to bed. You won't sleep “ Are you ready yet?" “ Not yet. 1 bε ready in five 1’ nl. going away for a few days. r’ 111 leaving tonight , so r hO l11 e to 111 0 rrow. It rain , so you don ’t need to take an u l11 brella A: 1 don ’ t feel very well tonight ’ hU ri m B 재!ell ， go to bed early, and you b 1t ’s Bill ’'s birthday next Monda y. He happen again. 1’ 111 sorry 1 was la te this 1110rning. 1t
28.4 Write sentences with I think ... or I don't think .... / thlnk Kellv wlll vass the drlver 's tes t. (Kelly will pass the driver ’s test) / don't thlnk Kellv wlll vass the drlver 's test. 2 (Kelly won ’ t pass the driver ’s tes t) 3 (we ’ II win the ga l11 e) 4 (1 won ’ t be here t01110rrow) 5 (Sue willlike her present) 6. (they won ’ t get married) 7. (you won ’ t like the 1110vie)
28.5 Which is righ t? (Study Unit 26 before you do this exercise.) 1. .JJ.연과+윤6-/ We ’re
2 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9.
gomg to the theater tonigh t. We ’ ve got tickets. (α@ ’re going is right) “ What will you do / are you doing t01110rrow night?" “ Nothing. 1’ m free ” Thev ’ llleave / Thev ’ re lea、1 1\1 g tO l11 orrow 1110rning. Thεir train is at 8 :4 0. 1’ nl. sure your aunt will lend / is lending US SO l11 e 1110ney. She ’s very rich ‘재fhy are you putting on your coat?" “ I ’ II go / 1’ 111 g Ol ng out." Do you think Claire will call / is calling us tonight? Steve can ’ t l11 eet us on Saturda y. He ’ II work / He ’s working. Let ’s fly to Miami instead of driving. It won ’ t take / isn ’ t taking as long A: What are your plans for the weekend? B: SO l11 e friends will CO l11 e / are cO l11 ing to stay with us.
57
will
2 Bye, 1’ 11 call you tomorrow , OK ?
1' 11 carry it for you
You can u se 1’ 11 ... (1 will) w h en you offer someth ing or decide to do something • “ My suitcase is very heav y." “ I ’ 11 carry it for you."
•
“ I ’ 11 ca11 yo u tomorrow, OK?"
“ OK , bye."
We 0 타 en say 1 think 1’ 11 ... / 1 don ’ t think 1’ 11 ... w h en we decide to do somethin g: • 1’ m tired. 1 think 1’ 11 go to b ed early tonight. • It ’s a nice da y. 1 think 1’ 11 sit o u tside • It ’s raining . 1 don ’ t think 1’ 11 go o u t.
Do not use the simp le present (1 go / 1 ca11 , et c. ) in sentences like these: • 1’ 11 ca11 yo u tomorrow, OK? (not 1 ca ll you) • 1 think 1’ 11 go to bed earl y. (not 1 go to bed) Do not u se 1’ 11 ... for something yo u decided before (-• Units 26-27) • 1’ m working tomorrow. (not 1’ 11 work) • There ’s a good program on TV tonigh t. 1’ m going to watch i t. (not 1’ 11 watch ) •
What are yo u doing this weekend? (1101 찌T hat will yo u do)
Sha11 1 . . . ? Sha11 we
p
No. th at ’5 OK . I’ 11 answer it
Shalll answer the ph on e?
Sha11 1 / Sha11 we ... ? = Do yo u think thi s is a good thing to do? Do yo u think this is a good idea? • It’'5 very warm in this room . Sha11 1 open the window? •
“ Sha11 1 ca11 you tonight?"
• •
It ’5 a nice da y. Sha11 we go for a walk? What shall we have for dinner?
“ OK."
We use should in the same way • “ Should 1 ca11 you tonight?" “ OK." • It ’s a nice day. Should we go for a walk? • What should we have for dinner? What are you doing tomorrow? •
Unit 26 I'm going to . ‘
•
•
Unit 27 wi" 1 •
Unit 28 should •
Unit 33
U N I T
Exercises 29.1 Complete the sentences. Use /'1/ (1 will) + these verbs: C8 f'f' )ι
?
3. 4.
5. 6 7.
do
eat
send
show
Slt
stay
/7/ carry
My suitcase is very heavy. Enjoy your vacation. 1 don ’ t want this banana. Do you want a chair? Did you call Jenny? Are you coming with me? How do you use this camera?
it for yo u.
T h ank yo u
yo u a postca rd 1t. o n the flo o r
W ell , 1’ m hU l1 gry N o , it ’sOK O h 110 , 1 forgot. No , I don ’ t think so G ive it to m e and
lt
n o、v.
h ere. yo u
29.2 Complete the sentences. Use / think / ’ 1/ ... or I don't think I ’ 11 ... + these verbs: buy 1.
2. 3. 4.
5.
buy
용&-
have
play
1t ’s co ld today. I don't think f'II go 1’ m hU l1 g ry. 1 1 feel very tired. 1 like this h at This ca m era is too ex pe nsi ve.
o ut . som ethin g to eat . ten111s. 1t. It
29.3 Which is righ t? 1. +쯤싸/
2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7.
8. 9.
29.4
1’ 11 cal1 yo u to morrow, O K ? (I ’ 11 ca ll is right) 1 h ave n ’ t don e the sh o pping ye t.! do / 1’ lld o it late r. 1 like sp o rts . ! wa tch / 1’ 11 watch a lo t of sp o rts o n TV 1 n eed som e exε r c i se. 1 think 1 gO / 1’ 11 go for a walk Gerry is going to buv / will buv a n ew ca r. H e told me las t wee k. “ T hi s letter is fo r Rose." “ O K.I g ive / 1’ 11 g ive / 1’ 111 g0111g to Q: 1Ve it to h e r." A: Are vo u doin g / Will vo u do any thing thi s eve ning? B: Yes , ! ’ 111 going / 1’ 11 go out w ith so m e fri e nds 1 ca n ’ t go out with you tomorrow night. 1 work / 1’ m working / 1’ 11 work. 1 Ii ke this hat. 1 think 1 buv / 1’ 11 buV 1t.
What does Anne say to Kathy? Find the right answers.
Kathy
1 2 3 4
5. 6. 7.
8. 9.
•
It ’s very warm in this room. This TV program isn ’ t very good. Should we have a party? It ’s dark in this room Should 1 go to the store? Shall we go out? Shall 1 wait here? Do we have any bread? Should we get some lottery tickets?
Additional exercises 28-31 (pages 256-259)
Anne d
If yo u wa n t. Wh ere sh o uld we go? b) Yes , w ho sh all we invite? No , sh all 1 go and ge t so m e? d) Shall 1 o pe n th e window? Should 1 turn on th e light? OK , h ow 111any sh a l1 we buy? Should 1 turn it o ff? h) N 0 , co m e with me. N o , it ’s OK. 1’ 11 go.
n
59
might
It might rain
Wh ere are you going for yo ur vacation?
-‘- -
ι,.
I'm not sure. I might go to Costa Rica . j =,
H e might go to Costa Rica. (= it is possibl e that h e w iIl go to Costa Ri ca) might
It might rain. (= it is possible that it w iIl rain)
+ base Jorm (might go I might be I might rain , etc.)
I/ we / you / they
he/ sheli t
might (no t)
be go play come , et c
1 might = it is possible that 1 w ill: • 1 might go to the m ovies tonight , but 1’ m not sure. (= it is p ossible that 1 w iIl go) • A: Wh en is R eb ecca going to caII yo u ? B: 1 do n ’ t know. She might call this aft ernoon. • Take an umbrella w ith yo u . lt might rain • Buy a lo ttery ticket. Yo u might be Iu cky. (= p erhaps yo u w i lI b e lu cky) l “ Are yo u going o ut tonight?" “ 1 might ." (= 1 might go o ut) Study the difference : • 1’ m playing tennis to m orrow. 야 μr잉 1 might play tennis to mo r row. (p oss ibl잉 • R eb ecca is going to call Iate r. 야 u r잉 R eb ecca might call1ate r. (p oss iblυ 1 might not = it is p ossibl e that 1 wiIl n ot: • 1 might not go to work tomorrow. (= it is possible that 1 w ill n o t go) • Su e might not come to th e party. (= it is p ossible that sh e w ill n ot com e) May Yo u can use may in the sam e way. 1 may = 1 might: • 1 may go to the m ovies tonight. (= 1 might go) • Su e may not come to the p arty. (= Su e might no t com e) May 1 ... ? = Is it O K to . . . ? I Can 1 . .. ?: • May 1 ask a question ? (= is it OK to ask I ca n 1 ask?) • “ May 1 sit h ere?" “ Sure-” will • Units 28-29 can • Unit 31
Exercises
U N I T
30.1 Write sentences with might. 1.
(it ’s possible that 1’ 11 go to th e movies)
2. 3. 4. 5.
(it ’s (it ’s (it ’s (it ’s
possible possible possible possible
that that that that
/
might go to the movies
1’ 11 see yo u to l11 orrow) 1 Sarah will forget to ca ll) it will snow to day) 1’ 11 be late tonight)
Write sentences with
might not.
6. (it ’s possible that Mark will no t be h ere next week)
7.
(it ’s possible that 1 won ’ t have tim e to go out)
30.2 Somebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas , but you are not sure. Choose from the list and write sentences with fish --이 ι
1J
4.
5. 6.
훌훌ttl￥
Monday
a
ne 、111
car
Where are you going for your vacation? What are you doing this weekend? When will you see Kate again? What are you going to have for dinner? How are you going to get hO l11 e tonight? 1 hear you won SO l11 e 1110ney. What are you going to do with it?
,might.
take a trip
take a taxi
I ’ m no t sure.
/
miaht ao to
/talν
1 don ’ t kn o w. 1 l ’ m no t sure. 1 don ’ t know. l ’ 111 not sure. 1 haven ’t dec id ed ye t.
30.3 You ask Bill questions about his plans for tomorrow. Sometimes he is sure , but usually he is not sure.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
8.
Are you playing tennis tO l11 orrow? Are you going out tO l11 orrow evening? Are you going to get up early? Are you working tO l11 orrow? Will you be at home tO l11 orrow morning? Are you going to watch television? Are you going out in the afternoon? Are you going shopping?
Yes , in the afternoon. Poss ibl y. Maybe No , [ ’ 111 no t. M ay be [ l11 igh t. Yes , 1 am Perh aps. [’ m not sure Bi I1
might where He 's o/avina tennis tomorrow a잠ernoon He miaht ao out tomorrow eveninα
Now write about Bil l. Use 1.
2. 3.
necessary.
He
4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
30.4 Write three things that you might do tomorrow. 2 3.
61
can and could Could you open the door, please?
I can play the piano
H e can play the p iano. can
+ hase form (can do / can play / can come , etc.):
I1 we / yo u/ th ey
can can ’ t (cannot)
h e/ sh elit
do play see come , etc.
can
I1 we / yo u / th ey
he / sh elit
do ? play ? see ? come ?, etc.
1 can do som ething = 1 know hO Iν to do it , or it is possihle for m e to do it • 1 can play th e piano. M y broth er can play th e piano , too. • Sa rah can speak Italian , but sh e can ’ t speak Spani sh . l “ Can yo u swim ?' ’ “ Yes , but 1’ m no t a ve ry goo d swimme r." • “ Can yo u change a twe nty-dollar bi ll? " “ I ’ III so rry, 1 can 't." • 1’ m having a party n ext wee k , but Paul and Rac hel can't come Fo r the pas t (yesterday / last week , etc.) , we use could / couldn ’ t • When 1 was yo ung , 1 could run very fas t. • Before M ari a came to th e United States , sh e couldn ’ t understand mu ch E nglish . Now sh e can understand everything • 1 was tired las t ni ght , but 1 couldn ’ t sleep . • 1 had a party last week , bu t Pa ul and R ac hel couldn ’ t come Can you . . . ? 매(e
Could you . . . ?
Can 1 . . . ?
Could 1 . . . ?
use Can you .. . ? or Could you ... ? w h en we ask p eopl e to do things • Can you op en the doo r , please? or Could you o pen the door , please? • Can you wait a mi nute , pl ease? or Could you wait ... ?
We use Can 1 have . . . ? or Could 1 have . . . ? to ask fo r so m ethin g: • (in a s tor잉 Can 1 have ch ange for a d ollar, please? or Could 1 have .. . ? Can 1 ... ? or Could 1 . .. ? = is it OK to do somethi ng? • To m , can 1 borrow yo ur umbrella? 0 1' To m , could 1 bo rrow yo ur umbrella? • (on the phone) H ell o , can 1 spea k to Ga r y, pl ease? or ... could 1 speak . .. ? ‘
May I . .. ? • Unit 30
U N I T
Exercises 31.1 Ask Steve if he can do these things: 1.
2.
-
a
3.
。
• 。
i
Can you swim?
?ι
clz ess
J 꺼
5
/
Steve
You
。
A 47
))
-
IJ
/ 0
10 kilometers
Can you do these things? Write sentences about yourself. Use I can or I can't. 7. 1 ._ _ 8.
10. 1 1. 12.
9.
31.2 Complete these sentences. Use can or can't + one of these verbs: eo빼e-
find
1. 1’ m so rry, but we
hear
see
cαnt com e
llike thi s hotel room.You 3. You are spe aking very quietly. 1 4. Have you see n my suitcase? 1 5. Catherine got the job be ca use she 2.
speak to yo ur party next Saturday. th e mountains from the window. you lt
five languages.
31.3 Complete these sentences. Use can ’ tor couldn ’ t + one of these verbs: decide
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
eat
find go sleen go 1 was tired , but 1 couldn't sleev 1 wasn't hungry yesterday. 1 my dinner. Katε doε s n ’t know w hat to do. She 1 wanted to speak to Martin yesterday, but 1 him James to the co nce rt next Saturday. H e has to work. Paula to th e mee ting last week. She was sick.
31.4 What do you say in these situations? Use can or could.
4. (have)
2. (pass)
3. (turn down
5. (l ook)
6. (use)
63
must
She must
댄맏|〔5
Bob
Smith
She must be sick = 1 am sure sh e is sick; it is clear that sh e is sick. must + base fo rm (must be / must know , et c.) :
I1 we / you / they he /s h e /i t
must (not)
be know have live , etc.
We use must wh en w e beli eve that so m ething is tru e. • You worked 10 h o urs today. You must be tired. • M y brother has worked at yo ur company for years. Yo u must know him. • M y fri ends have the sam e zip code as you. Th ey must live near yo u • (0 η the telephone) This isn't the Smiths’ ? 1’ m so rry. 1 must have the wrong numb e r. W e use must not w h en we b eli eve that som ething is not tru e • The ph on e ran g eight times and Karen didn ’t answe r. Sh e must not be at home • C arlos takes the bu s everywhere. H e must not have a ca r. • T h e Silvas are always ho m e o n Fridays . T h ey must not work then.
빼빼 빠， 삐뻐 쩨
Must has anoth er m eanin g. Yo u must do som ething = it is necessary to do it. • Yo u must be careful with this knife. --,. It ’s very sh arp. • W orkers must wear safety glasses at this mac hine. • ln the United Stat es , yo u must be 18 to vote. ““. Fo r the past (yesterday , last week , etc.) , we use had to ... (not must) • They were in a dange rous situ ati o n . T h ey had to be carefu l. (not T h ey must b e carefu l.) M • W e had to wear safety glasses when m we visited the fac to ry las t week ””‘ (not W e must wear)
-’-‘" i「u·
I
have to . .. • Unit 34
ιm
Yo u must not do somethin g = it is n ecessa ry not to do it; it is the w rong thing to do. • Bicyclists must not ride o n th e sidewalk. (= they must ride in the stree t) • Yo u must not be late fo r sc h ool again!
싸
“” u·-- ‘ l‘
빼 이
v 싸씨 빠 빼 ‘ 뻐 κ히
메
i
U N I T
Exercises 32.1 Complete the sentences. Use must be + these words or phrases: for you
good
in the kitchen
hungry
very happy
m ust be tired 1t ’s eve ning , and yo u have n ’t ea ten anything all da y. Yo u lt ’s th e m ost popular restaurant in town , so the food ” “ 1 go t th e job." “ You did?You The phone ’s ringing. 1 kn ow it ’s no t for me. It M y keys aren ’ t in th e li vin g r00 111 , so thεy
1. Silvia worked 10 hours today. She
2. 3. 4 5.
6.
32.2 Complete the sentences. Use must + these verbs: drink 1.
2. 3. 4.
5.
like
have
M y brother has worked at yo ur cO l11 pany for yea rs. Yo u m ust know the colo r blu e. M aril y n wears so m ethin g blue every da y. She a bi g ho use. The Hill s have six childre n and three dogs. Th ey Mrs. Lee bought three ga ll o ns of milk at the store. H er children a lot of l11 ilk. 1 kn ow Mrs. Romo has a j o b , but she ’s always hO l11 e durin g the da y. She at ni ght.
32.3 Write must or must not. 1. (0 /'1 th e telepholle) This isn ’ t th e
%
띠 〔
ι
‘
냐 ”η 앤
내
6. 7.
‘
이
5.
have the wro ng numb e r. h ave a car Ca rlos takes the bu s everyw h ere. H e must not Brandon is very thin. H e eat very l11 u ch. l (t3 r 1 n ever see l11y neighbor in th e 1110 rning. He m 1 always have to rep εa t thin gs when 1 talk to Kell y. She Jm ’h c / ” Jim wears the sa l11 e cloth es eve ry day. H e VV l Yo u have a cold and a feve r? Poo r thing! You
따
4.
쁘띤i
없 뼈빠
3
Smithsη 1
떼빼
2.
work
32.4 Complete the sentences. Use must + these verbs: 냉e-
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
be
get
know
take
wear
In 111 0st ofthe United States , yo u m ust be at least 16 to ge t a dri ve r ’'s Ji ce nse. Fo r this job, yo u both Spanish and Ger l11 an. a seat belt. Peo pl e in the front seat of a ca r Hi gh sc hool students who want to go to college good g rad es . This highway is closed. Drivers another road A tenni s player very good to play profess iona ll y.
싸빠
32.5 Write must, mustn ’ t , or had to. mustn't forg et to se nd Sa l11 a birthday ca rd had to wear sa fety gla sses when we visited th e factory. l
4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
hurr y or 1’ 11 be late. wait half an ho ur for the bu s." “ Why were yo u so late?" “I lose them. Keep these pap ers in a safe place.You fo l1 ow the sa me traffi c rules as drivers. Bi cyclists fo rge t to turn off the lights when we leave We work. 1 don ’t usually work o n Saturdays , but las t Saturday 1
65
should You shouldn ’ t watch TV 50 mu ch -’
‘~
should + base form (should do / should watch , etc.):
I/ we / you / they
he / she /i t
should shouldn ’ t
do stop go watch , et c.
You should do something = it is a good thing to do; it is the right thing to do: • Tom doesn ’ t study eno ugh. He should study harde r. • It ’5 a good movie.You should go and see i t. • When yo u play tennis , you should always watch the ball. Should I/ we do something? = is it a good thing to do? • Should 1 invite Karen to dinner? • Should we make something special for dinner? You shouldn ’ t do something = it is not a good thing to do (shouldn ’ t • Tom shouldn ’t go to bed so late. • You watch TV all the time.You shouldn ’ t watch TV 50 much. We often say 1 think ... should ... : • 1 think Lisa should buy some new clothes (= 1 think it is a good idea.) • It ’s late. 1 think 1 should go home now • A: Shall 1 buy thi5 coat? B: Yes , 1 think you should.
= should not):
Do you think I should buy thi5 hat?
1 don't think ... should . • 1 don ’ t think you should work 50 hard. (= 1 don ’t think it is a good idea.) • 1 don ’ t think wε should go yet . It ’5 too early. Do you think ... should ... ?: • Do you think 1 should buy this hat? • What time do you think we should go home? Should is different from have to • 1 should study tonight , but 1 think 1’ 11 go to the movies • 1 have to study tonigh t. 1 can ’ t go to the movies. Another way to 5ay should is ought tO: • 1 ought to study tonight , but 1 think 1’ 11 go to the movies. (= 1 should study) • 1 think Lisa ought to buy some new clothes. (= Lisa should buy) shall/should • Unit 29 must • Unit 32 have to • Unit 34
U N I T
Exercises 33.1 Complete the sentences. Use you should + these verbs: eat
go
read
• ;v ftteh
visit
1. When you play tennis , -Xou
wear
should watch
the bal l.
2. 1t ’s la tε ， and you ’ re very tired. to bed. 3. plenty of fruit and vegetables. the Science Museum. It ’s very 4. lf you have tim ε ， 5. When you ’ re driving , a seat bel t. lt. 6. 1t ’s a very good book
1I1
terest 1l1 g
33.2 Write about the people in the pictures. Use HelShe shouldn't ... so ... l
‘~.=
_..
•“iIL
i
You watch TV too much ‘
She shouldn't watch TV so much 2.
Hε
\‘
3 ι 、\:::::-. You work '
4
rc too hard
I drive too fast
3 4
hard
33.3 You are not sure what to do. so you ask a friend. Write questions with Do you think I should . .. ? 1 ‘ You are in a store.You arε trying on a jacket. (buy?) You ask your friend: 0 o vou think I should buv this 2. You You 3. You You 4. You You
iackeU
can't drive. (l earn?) ask your 삼 iend: Do you think don ’ t like your job. (get another job?) ask your friend: are going to have a party. (invite Gary?) ask your friend:
33.4 Write sentences with I think ... should ... or I don't think ... should .. 1. We havε to get up early tomorrow. (go home now) 2. That coat is too big for you. (buy it) I don't think 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I think we should ao home now. vou should buv it.
You don ’ t need your ca r. (se Jl it) Karen needs a change. (take a trip) Sa Jl y and Dan are too young. (get married) You ’ re still sick. (go to work) James isn ’ t feeling well today. (go to the doctor) The hotel is too expensive for us. (stay there)
33.5 What do you think? Write sentences with should. 1. 1 think 2. 3. 4. 5.
everybody should learn another lanaua C/ e
1 think εverybody 1 think 1 don ’t think 1 think 1
67
I have to ... 때 떼 υ
뼈빼때
때m때
얀얀 m
얘
e
πu
πD
깨
”a
M
ι
1 have to do so m ething = it is n ecessary fo r m e to do it; 1 am obliged to do it. I1 w e/ yo u / they
have
h e/sh eli t
has
@
• • •
to do to work to go to 、vear ， etc.
1’ 11 be late for wo rk to m o r row. 1 have to go to the dentist. Jan e starts wo rk at 7 :00 , so sh e has to get up at 6 :00 . Yo u have to pass a tes t befo re yo u ca n get a driver ’s li cense.
T h e past (yesterday I last week , et c.) is had to • 1 was late fo r wo rk yes terday. 1 had to go to the dentist. • We had to walk h om e las t nigh t. There were no buses . In questio ns and n egatives we use do l does (present) and did (past):
Present do does
I1 we / yo u lth ey
h e/ sh elit
have to ... ?
I1 we / you / th ey
h e/ sh eli t
don ’ t doesn ’ t
have to .
Past did •
• •
I1 w e/you / th ey h ε I shelit
have to ... ?
I1 we / yo u/ they
h e/ sh elit
didn ’ t have to .
매T h a t
tim e do you have to go to the dentist to morrow ? Does Jan e have to work o n Saturdays ? Why did they have to leave the party early?
1 don ’ t have to (do som ething) = it is n o t n ecessary to do it: • r’ m no t wo rking to morrow, so 1 don ’ t have to get up early • Mike doesn ’ t have to work very hard. H e ’s go t an easy job • We didn ’t have to wait very lo ng for the bus - it ca m e in a few minutes . tnust Yo u ca n also use tnust to say it is ne cessary t o do som ething • Yo u tnust pass a test b efore yo u can get a driver ’s license. • ln many co untri es , m en tnust do militar y service. W e use have to m o re often than tnust , especially in spoken English .
must • Unit 32
U N I T
Exercises 34.1 Complete the sentences. Use have to or has to + these verbs: hit
read
speak
take
1. M Y eyes are not very good. 1
travel
have to wear
*￥ eSf
glasses.
2. At the end of the course all the 얀udents a test a lot of books 3. Sarah is studying literature. Shε 4. Alberto doesn ’t understand much English.You very slowly to him 5. Kate is not at home much. She a lot for her job. the ball over the net 6. In tennis you
34.2 Complete the sentences. Use have to or had to + these verbs: answer 1. We
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
buy
had to
change
go
take
wake
￦와4ξ
wα Ik
home last night. There were no buses. It’s late. 1 now. 1’ 11 seε you tomorrow. 1 went to the store after work yesterday. 1 some food. This train doesn ’ t go all the way downtown.You at First Avenue. We took a test yesterday.We six questions out often. 1’ m going to bed. 1 up early tomorrow. Amy and her cousin can ’t go out with us tonight. They care of Amy ’s little brothe r.
34.3 Complete the questions. Some are present and some are past.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
1 have to get up early tomorrow. George had to wait a long time Liz has to go somewhere. We had to pay a lot of mone y. 1 have to do some work They had to leave earl y. Paul has to go to Moscow.
What time do y ou have to 9 et up How long Where How much Whatexactly Why When
34.4 Write sentences with don'tldoesn'tldidn ’ t have to .. 1. Why are you going out?You don't have to ao 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Why Why Why Why Why
? ? ?
; ? ? ?
out.
is Sue waiting? She did you get up early?You is Paul working so hard? He do you want to leave now? We did they tell me something 1 already know? They
34.5 Write some things that you (or your friends or family) have to do or had to do. 1. (every day) I have to drive 50 miles to work evelγ dqν 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
(every day) (yesterday) (tomorrow) (l ast wεek) (when 1 was younger)
69
Would you like ... ?
l’ d Ii ke ... Would you like 、 a piece õf candy7 )
Would you like . .. ? = Do yo u want .. . ? We use Would you like .. . ? to offer things • A : Would you like som e coffee? B: N o , thank yo u . • A: Would you like a piece of candy? B: Yes , thanks . • A: W hi ch would you like , tea o r coffee? B : Tea , please.
. f
i
/
잉
v I
m
빼
tlt
-
"''' "."
We use Would you like to . .. ? to invite som eb ody: • ￦'ould you like to go for a walk ? • A: Would you like to have dinner w ith us o n Sunday? B: Yes , I ’'d love tO . (= I wo uld love to h ave dinner w ith yO U) • What would you like to do to night? I ’'d like .. . is a p olite way to say “ I want ." (I ’'d like = I would like) • I ’ m thirsty. I ’d like a dr ink. • (in α tourist ψi떠 I ’d like som e info rmatio n abo ut h o tels, please. • I ’ m feeling tired. I ’d like to stay h om e to night . Would you like . . . ? and Do you like . .. ?
//
I ’----P·O I
•
Yes, please;)
f
i
「 /1
”
nu
…
맨
、‘-
e
애
Would you like \ some coffee? ’
‘
Il”K
빼 ”않 ”뼈
Would you like ... ? / I ’d like ...
DO v m
‘
J
γτ
Yes , I do. 1
-
’‘
-“
Would you like some now?
‘ jι
No , thank you . Not now‘ ’- ‘........
Would you like some coffee? = Do yo u want som e coffee? • A: Would you like to go to the m ovies to night? (= do yo u want to go tonight?) B: Yes , I ’d love to
~-
Do you like coffee? = Do yo u think coffee is good? • A : Do you like to go to the m ovies?
(in general) B : Yes , I go to the m ovies a lo t.
•
I ’d like an orange , please. (= can I have an o range?)
•
I like oranges . (in general)
•
What would you like to do n ext weekend?
•
W hat do you like to do o n weekends?
like to do and like -ing • Unit 53 I would do something if ... • Unit 101
U N I T
Exercises
톨
35.1 What are the people in the pictures saying? Use Would you like ... ?
Would vou like aviece -of candy2
2.
3.
6.
4
」、 >
35.2 What do you ask Sue in these situations? Use Would you like to ... ? 1
‘
You want to go to the movies tonight. Perhap s Sue will go with yo u. You ask: W ould vou /I ke to 00 to the movies toniaht2
(g이
2. You want to play tenni s tomorrow. Perhaps Sue will play, too. (play) You ask 3. You have an extra ti cke t for a co ncert
nεxt
week. Pe rhap s Sue will come. (come)
You ask: 4. 1t ’s raining and Sue is going out. She doesn ’t h ave an u l11 brella , but you have one. (b o rrow) You ask
35.3 Which is righ t? “ Yes , thanks." ( μ uld )'0 /01
1
“ Eo YO ll like / Would yo u like a pie ce of ca nd y?"
2 3‘ 4
like / Would YOU like banana s?" “ Yes , I love th e l11." “ Do vou like / Would YOU like some ice crea m?" “ No , thank you." “ What do you Ji ke / would you like to drink?" “ A glass of wa ter, please."
like is right)
“ D 。 YOU
“ D 。 、TO U
like / Would YOU like to go out for a walk?" “ Not now. Mayb e late r." 1 like / 1’d like tomato es , but 1 don ’ t εat them very often. What time do YOU like / would YOU like to have dinner tonight? “ Do you like / Would you like sO l11 e thing to ea 션” “ N 0 , thanks. 1’ 111 not hungr y." “ Do YOu like / Would yo u like your new job ?" “ Yes , 1’ m e njoy1ng 1t ” 1’ 111 tired. 1 like / 1’d like to go to b e d now “ I like / 1’d like a sa ndwi c h , plea se ." “ Sure. 재r hat kind of sa ndwic h?" 12. “ α( hat kind of 111usic do vou like / would YO L1 like? ” “ All kinds."
5. 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 1 1.
71
l ’ d rather . . . Would yo u like to sit here ? No, th anks |’d rather sit I on the floor
Ann likes to sit on the tloo r. She does n ’t want to sit on a ch ai r. So sh e says: I ’d rather sit on the tloo r. (= 1 wo uld prefer to sit o n the flo o r. )
I ’'d ra ther ... = 1 would rather . .. 1 would rather do so m ething
= 1 would prefer
Positive
Negative I ’'d rather
(1 would rather)
I I
do stay h ave be
to do so m ething: Question
I ’d rather not
(1 would rather not)
do stay h ave be
would yo u rather
do . .. ? stay .. . ? have ... ? be . . . ?
• •
1 do n ’t really want to go o ut . 1’'d rather stay ho m e. (= 1’d prefer to stay ho m e) “ Sho uld we go n ow?" “ N o , n o t yet . 1’d rather wait until late r." 1’d like to go n ow, but Tom would rather wait untillate r. 1 don ’t like to be late. 1’d rather be earl y.
• • • •
1’ m fee li ng tired . 1’d rather not go out to night. (= 1’d prefer n ot to go o ut) Su e is feeling tired . Sh e ’d rather not go out to ni ght . We ’re no t hungry. We ’'d rather not eat yet. “ Wo uld yo u like to go out tonight?" “ I ’d rather not ." (= 1’d rath er n o t go o ut)
•
“ Would yo u rather have milk or juice?"
•
W hich would yo u rather do - go to the movies or wa tch a DVD at h om e?
• l
‘ 'Juice , please."
We say “ I ’'d rather do som ething" (not to do something) • 1’d rather sit on the tloo r. (no t 1’d rather to sit) • Sue would rather not go out. (ωno이t would rather n o t to prefer to do so me앉t야“ h1Um1mIn1g” 1’d prefer to sit on th e tloo r. Su e would prefer not to go o u t.
B ut we •
•
g。이)
sa 쩌 y ‘“‘' 1"’녕 d
You can say “ I ’'d rather . ‘ . than ... • 1’d rather go out than stay h o me. • 1’d rather h ave a dog than a cat . • We ’'d rather go to the m ovies than wa tch a DVD at hom e • 1’d rather be at h om e right now than here.
U N I T
Exercises 36.1 Look at the pictures and complete B’5 sentences. Use I'd rather .... B
A
1.
No, thanks. on the floor
Would you like to sit here?
…-
ι‘
I'd r.α ther sit
2.
、
Don ’ t you want to watch TV?
No , I book
Would you like some tea?
Well , coffee if you have some
3.
‘
. -
4.
Should we go out now?
until it stops raining.
36.2 Complete these questions. Use would you rather .. 1. Do you want to go out , or would vou rather staY home? 2. 3. 4. 5.
Should we have dinner now, or Would you like a glass ofjuice , or Do you want to go to the movies , or Should we ca11 your brother tonight , or
later? water? TV? tomorrow morning?
36.3 Complete the sentences with a verb. Sometimes you need to. 1. 1’d rather
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
프gι_
home tonight. 1’d prefer not t으4으 out. Should we walk home , or would you rather a tax1? Do you want me to come with you , or would you prefer alone? Mary doesn ’ t want to go to co11ege. She ’d rather ajob “ Can 1 help you with your suitcase?" “ No , thank you. r’d rather it mysel f." 1’d rather not him. 1’d prefer him a lette r.
36.4 Answer these questions about yourself. Use I ’ d rather ... than. 1. Which would you prefer to be - a bus driver or an airplane pilot? /닝
rather be a bus driver than an airolane oilot
2. Which would you prefer to be - a journalist or a school teacher? 3. Where would you prefer to live - in a big city or a sma11 town? 4. Which would you prefer to have - a sma11 house or a big one? 5. Which would you prefer to study - electronics or philosophy? 6. Which would you
preflεr
to watch - a soccer game or a movie?
73
00 this!
Oon ’ t do that!
Let’5 do this!
Come in
Be careful! Don ’ t fall
We use come / look/ go / wait/ do / be , et c., when we tell somebody to do something: • “ Come here and look at this." “ What is it?" • 1 don ’ t want to talk to you. Go away! • 1’ m not ready ye t. Please wait for me. • Please be quie t. 1’ m working. also
•
•
Bye! Have a good trip! / Have a nice time! / Have a good f1 ight! / Have fun! (= 1 hope you have a good trip , etc.) “ Have some cand y." “ Oh , thanks." (= would you like some candy?)
We use don ’ t ... when we tell somebody not to do something • Be careful! Don ’ t fall. • Please don ’ t go. Stay here with me • Be here on time. Don ’ t be latε. You can say Let ’ s ... when you want people to do things with you. (let ’ s • It ’s a nice day. Let ’ s go out. (= you and 1 can go out) • Come on! Let ’ s dance. (= you and 1 can dance) • Are you ready? Let ’s go. • • •
Let ’s have fish for dinner tonight. A: Should we go out tonight? B: No , I ’ m tired. Let ’s stay home.
The negative is Let ’ s not • It ’s cold. Let ’ s not go ou t. Let ’s stay home • Let ’ s not have fish for dinner tonight. Let ’s have chicken. • 1’ m tired of arguing. Let ’ s not do it anymore
sh 허|
we
?•
Unit 29
= let us)
U N
Exercises
T
7
37.1 look at the pictures. What are the people saying? Some sentences are positive (buy/come , et c.) and some are negative (don't buy / don ’ t come , et c.). Use these verbs: be
buy
1
eome |
냥판tHξ
drop
have
Oon't drink
2.
nl
forget
sít 3.
sleep
smile
It’5 too expenslve
the water
It.
“‘-
~ ’l
OK, are you read y?
4
5.
6.
Bye! a nlce tlme
on the cat!
7.
8.
9.
|’ m gOlng
to bed now
to cal l me
vase
ca refu I with that it !
wel l.
Don’ t worry. I won ’t.
37.2 Complete the sentences. Use let's with: Ó'-'
--?•
이 J
A 4
,
_ ___ ! .__
I'__ .L'-"‘
,.,.
.......
Jl .. JI....
go to a restaurant
「 3
Would you like to play tennis? Do you want to walk home? Shall 1 put a CD on? Should we have dinner at home? Would you like to go now?
No , No , No , No , No ,
take the bus
wait a little
watch TV
/et 's ao for a swim
37.3 Answer with No, don't ... or No, let 's not ... 1l ?」 껴 j A 야I
ζJ
/0 「/
8.
Shall 1 wait for you? Should we go home now? Shall we go out? Do you want me to close the window? Should 1 call you tonight? Do you think we should wait for Andy? Do you want me to turn on the light? Should we take a taxi?
N 0 , don't wait for me N 0 , /et 's not ao home vet
75
there is
there are
뻐 없때 뼈
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
There ’ s a m an o n the roof
There ’ s a train at 10 :30.
There are seven days in a week.
Singular I
there is • • • ? is there there is not ..
(there ’s)
• •
(there isn't or there ’ s not)
•
There ’ s a big tree in th e ya rd . There ’ s no thing o n TV to night. A: D o yo u have any m o ney? B: Yes , there ’s som e in my wallet. A : Excuse m e , is there a h o tel n ear h ere? B: Yes , there is. / No , there isn't. W e can 't go skiing. There isn't any snow.
• •
Plural there are • • • P are there there are not . . .
• • •
(there aren ’ t )
There are som e big trees in the yard. There are a lo t of accidents o n this roa d A: Are there any res taurants nea r here? B: Yes , there are. / N o , there aren ’ t. T his restaurant is very qui et. There aren ’t m any p eople h ere. H ow m any players are there o n a socce r tea m ? There are 11 players o n a socce r tea m
• • •
There is and it is there is
1t 1S
←~ ~
••••
c3
m 염
_C-
‘-
,.‘ , · m
썼
~;:::< .... ';_
ιν
/l，‘、
‘,,_,. .
·n = *l‘ pm
앨때
y--
There ’ s a book o n the table. (not It’s a book on the table.)
l k ·---·m·n
r
Co mpare: • “ What ’s that noise ?" “ It ’s a train ." (It = that noise) There ’ s a train at 10 :30 . 1t’s a fast train. (It = the 10 :30 train) •
There ’ s a lo t of salt in this so up. 1 don ’t like this soup. It ’ s too salty. (It
there was / were / has been , etc
•
= this so up)
Unit 39 it and there • Unit 40 some and any -• Unit 77
U N I T
Exercises
38.1 Springfield is a small town. Look at the information in the box and write sentences about Springfield with There ;slare or There ;sn'tlaren ’ t. a golf co urse? 2 any restaurants? 3. a h ospital? 4 a swimmin g p oo l? 5 any movi e th ea ters? 6. a u nive rsity? 7. any big hotels?
No Yes (a lot) Yes No Yes (two) No No
2.
Th ere i5n't a 9 0/f cour5e Th ere are a /ot 0f re5taurant5
3. 4.
5 6. 7.
38.2 Write sentences about your town (or a town that you know). Use There ;slare or There ;sn ’ tlaren ’ t. L 2
7here are a few re5taurant5 7heres a bia oark
3 4 5 6
38.3 Write there ;s I there ;sn ’ t I ;s there or there are I there aren ’ t I are there.
빠
뎌
「시
’ 에
뼈 」 찌
뼈
때
…ππω
1. Sprin gfi eld isn ’ t an old town. 깨ere arent any old buildin gs . 2. Loo k! a ph otograph of yo ur broth er in th e newspaper! 3. “ Exc use ll1 e, a bank nea r here?" “ Yes , at the end of th e blo ck." 4 five peop le in ll1 y fa ll1 ily: ll1y parents, ll1 y two sisters, and 111e 5 n w S in the class? " “ Twenty-” LF 6 e n u m ll1 u ch traffic. 7. a bu s from downtown to th e airport? " “ Yes , every 20 ll1 inutes." any pro blems?" “ N o , eve rythin g is O K ." 8. 9. nowh ere to sit down. any chairs. nqi
eight 1i
letters players planets
빼γ앙
days states
September the United States a basketball team
뼈
s-e￥ en
twenty-slx thirty fifty
”‘
샤 M
five
빼繼
38.4 Write sentences with There are .... Choose from the boxes.
the English alphabet
7here are 5even dav5 in a week
?ι j 끼
4
,
「3
/0
38.5 Write there's I is there or it's / is it. 1. “ Th ere '5 a Ði ght at 10:30." “ 」잉t 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
a no nstop flight ì " 1’ 111 no t going to buy thi s shirt too expenslve. “ What ’s wrong?" “ sO ll1 ething in ll1 y eye." yo urs? a red ca r outside yo ur hous e. “ anything good on TV tonight? " “ Yes , “ What ’s that bui ldin g?" “ a 5ch oo 1." “ a res taurant in thi 5 ho te l? " “ No , I’ 111 afraid no t."
a 1110vie at 8:00."
77
there was/were there will be There was / there were
there has/have been
φ a s t)
@홈 There is a train eve ry h ou r. T h e time n ow is 11:1 5 There was a train at 11 :00.
Compare: there is / are φ rese/띠 • There is a good nature program o n TV to night • We are staying at a ve ry big ho te l. There are 1, 250 roo ms. • Are there any pho ne m essages for m e this m o rning? • 1’ m hungry, but there isn ’ t anything to ea t.
There has been / there have been (present
there was / were φ ast) • There was a goo d n ature p rogram on T V last nigh t. • We stayed at a very big h o te l. There were 1 ,250 roo ms. • Were there any pho n e m essages fo r m e yesterday? • 1 was hungry w h en 1 got h o m e , but there wasn't anything to eat.
peife띠
• •
Loo k! There ’ s been an acciden t. (there ’ s been = th ere has been) T his road is very dangero us. There have been m any accidents o n it.
Compa re there was ψast): • There was an accident last night . (notThere has been an accident last nigh t. ) There ’ s been an acciden t.
For simple past and prese nt p erfec t , see Unit 2 1.
There will be • • •
Do yo u think there will be a lo t of p eople at the party o n Saturday? T h e manager of th e company is leaving , so there will be a new m anager soo n. 1’ 111 going o ut of town to m orrow. 1’ m packing my things today beca use there won ’ t be time tom o rrow. (there won't be = there will not b e)
There will be ra in tomorrow afternoon was/were • Unit 10 has/have been • Units 16-17 will • Unit 28 there is/are • there and it • Units 38. 40 some and any • Unit 77
Unit 38
U N I T
Exercises 39.1
Look at the two pictures. Now the room is empty, but what was in the room last week? Choose from the box and write sentences with There was ... or
There were .... an armchair some books last
a carpet 웅f놈하t
some flowers three pictures
a sofa a small table now
1νeek
g
..흑그
ζ ..
·。
1l
There wos
0 c/ock
on the wall near the window on the f1 00 r. on the wall near the door in the middle of the room. on the table on the shelves in the corner nεar the doo r. opposite the armchair
?i 꺼 j
44
,
ζJ
/0 「/ 0‘。
there was / there wasn ’ t / was there or there were / there weren ’ t/ were there.
39.2 Write
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
anything to eat. W'e re there any phone messages for me yesterday? n m I opened the envelope , but it was empty. a N mn p “ We stayed at a very nice hote l." “ Really? “ Did you buy any cherries?" “ No , any at the store." The wallεt was empty. any money 111 1t “ many people at thε meeting?" “ N 0 , very few." We didn ’ t visit the museum. enough time. I ’ m sorry I ’ m late. a lot of traffic many tourists here. N ow there are a lo t. Twenty years ago
39.3 Write 1. 끼/ ← 껴、)
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10.
에
3.
there wosn't
뱅
2.
I was hungry, but
뼈
1.
”
(/·
there + is / are / was / were / has been / have been / w il/ be.
7nere wO5
a good program on TV last n igh t. 24 hours in a day. a party at work last Friday, but I didn ’ t go “ a drugstore at the end of the block." “매There can I buy a newspaper?" a robbery." “ “ Why are the police outsidε the bank?" a long line outside. When we got to the theater , somebody at the airport to meet you When yo u arrive tomorrow, 500 children in the schoo l. N ow Ten yεars ago more than a thousand. Last weεk I went back to thε town w h ere I was born. It ’s very different now. a lot of cha nges. any problems I think everythin g wi ll be OK. I don ’t think
79
It ... We use it fo r timel day I distan ce / weather : tlme
• • • •
W hat time is it? It’s half past 10 . It’s la te It’s time to go h o m e
-----‘--‘,.
U
F3
16th
distance
-
-
원
-
--
--
2 miles
tνeather \ | ι 、、
-
……
m
1m
m
V/
얹
‘,‘‘-
””
-h
%η
MARCH
M M
jq
띠 써
c3
%/
따 “ω바
1 Q
따띠
giι1
--
따돼
-‘ ----
day
””
•
It’s two miles fro m o ur h o use to downtown.
•
H ow fa r is it fro m N ew Yo rk to Los Angeles? It’s a lo n g way fro m h ere to the airp o rt. We ca n walk h om e. It isn ’t fa r
•
•
We use far in qu es tions (is it far?) and negatives (it isn ’ t far). 1n positive se nten ces , we use a long way (it ’ s a long way). • • • •
It’s rammg. It isn ’t rammg. Is it snowing? It rains a lot h ere. It didn ’t rain yesterday.
Does it snow ver y often? It’s wa rm / hotl cold l nicel cloudy Iwindy Is unny I clearl dry I humid lfoggy I dark , et c. It’s a ni ce day today.
Com pare it and there : • It rains a lo t in the w inte r. It’s very rainy in the w inte r. There is a lot of rain in the w inte r. • It was very windy yesterday. There was a strong wind yesterday. It’s nice to . - - , etc. It’s • • •
easy I diffic ult I i n~possiblε I dangerous I safe expensive I interesting I nice I wonderful I terrible , etc
to
It’s n ice to see you again. It’s imp ossible to understand her It wasn ’t easy to find your house .
Do n ’t forget it • It’s ra mmg again. (not 1s raining again) • Is it true that yo u ’ re m oving to D allas? (not 1s tru e that ... ) there is • Units 38-39
- ‘·
l
1
It 's rainin9
4.
5 6
2
3
40.2 Write;t;s (i t 's) or ;s ;t. 1. What time IS Jt ? 2. We have to go now. very late. 3. tru e that Bill can fl y a heli copter? 4 “ Wh at day today? Tuesday?" “ No , Wednesday." 5. 10 kilo m eters from dow ntown to th e airport 6. OK to ca ll you at th e 0 태 ce? 7 “ Do yo u want to wa lk to the h ote!?" “ I don ’ t kn ow. H ow fa r 8. Li sa ’s birthday toda y. She ’s 27. 9 . 1 do n ’ t beli eve it' imp ossible ’
;l"
40.3 Write questions with How far ... ? (h ere / th e station) 2 . (the ho tel / th e beac h) 3. (N ew York / Was hin gton) 4 . (yo ur ho use / the airport) 1.
How far How
1’S
it from here to the station?
40.4 Write;t or there. 1. The weather i s 따 so nice today. It ’s cloudy. 2. 7here was a strong wind yesterday. 3 ’'s hot in this room. O pen a window. 4. was a ni ce day yesterday. was war l11 and sunny 5. was a sto r l11 last nigh t. Did yo u hea r it? 6 . [ was afraid be ca use was ve ry dark. ’s often cold here , but lsn ’ t mu ch rain. 7. 8 ’s a lo ng way from h ere to th e nea res t gas station
40.5 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes. 값짧 ett l t
dangerous m
·팽
lt ’s
總
easy impossible
1. 1f yo u go to b ed late ,
2. 3 4. 5. 6.
to
work in this offi c e visit different places see you agaln
-- ‘ S “
~-
-- ‘ ..... _1_ ...
“ Y
‘~~‘ J
go out alone make 상 iend s
s difficult to aet ut:J ear/v
l t'
H ell o , ]ane. Everybody is very ni ce at work 1 like travelin g. Som e cities are no t safe
in the morning . How are yo u ;l . Th ere is too l11 u ch no ise.
at night
81
I am , I don ’ t , etc. |’ m not
tired . Do you like tea? No, I don ’ t
I am
Yes. I do
Sh e isn ’ t tired , but he is . (he is = h e is tired)
H e likes tea , but she doesn't. (she doesn ’ t = sh e doesn ’ t like tea)
In these examples , it is not n ecessary to rep eat so m e words (“ h e is tired ," “ sh e doesn ’t like tea") . Yo u can use these verbs in the same way: am / is / are was / were have / has do l does l did can will might should
• •
•
• •
1 h aven ’ t seen the m ovie , but my sister has. (= my sister has see n th e movie) A : Please help m e. B: 1’ m so rry. 1 can't. (= 1 ca n 't h elp you) A : Are you tired ? B: 1 was , but 1’ rn not n ow. (= 1 was tired , but 1’ m no t tired n ow ) A : Do you think Jan e will call toni ght? 、 B: She rnight. (= sh e might call) A : Are yo u going to study to night? B: 1 should , but 1 probably won't . (= 1 should study, but 1 probably w o n ’ t study)
Yo u ca nnot use ’ m l ’ sl ’ ve , et c. (s hort Jorms) , in this way.Yo u must use arn / is / have , etc.: • She isn 't tired , but h e is. (not . .. but h e ’s) But you can use isn't I haven ’ t I won ’ t , et c. (negative short Jo rms): • M y sister has seen the movie , but 1 haven ’ t. • “ Are you and Jan e wo rking tomorrow? " “ 1 am , but Jan e isn ’ t." Yo u ca n use 1 am I 1’ rn not , etc. , after l “ Are yo u tired?" “ Yes , I am. I l “ Will Bill be here to m o rrow?" l “ Is there a bus to th e airp o rt?"
Yes and N 0 : N o , 1’ m not." “ Yes , h e will. I N o , h e won ’t ” “ Yes , th ere is. I No , there isn't."
We use do / does fo r the simple p resent (see Units 6-7 ) • 1 don ’t like h o t wea th er , but Sue does. (= Su e likes h o t weather) • Sue wo rks hard , but 1 don ’ t. (= 1 do n ’ t wo rk hard) • “ D o you enj oy yo ur work? " “ Yes , 1 do." W e use did for the simple past (see Unit 12): • A : Did yo u and C hri s like the movie? • B: 1 did , but C hris didn ’ t. (= 1 liked it , but C hris didn ’t like it) l “ 1 had a goo d time." “ 1 did , too." (= 1 had a goo d time , too) • “ Did it rain yesterday?" “ No , it didn't."
You have? / Have you?, et c. • Unit 42 so am 1/ neither do 1, et c. • Unit 43
U N I T
Exercises 41.1
Complete these sentences. Use only one verb (is/have/can , et c.) each time. 1. Kate wasn ’ t hungry, but we were 2. 1’ m not married , bur my b ro th er 3. ß ill ca n ’t h elp yo u , but 1
4. 1 have n ’ t rea d th e b oo k , but To m J. Karen wo n ’ t be here , but C hri s 6. Yo u we ren ’ t Iate , bur 1
41.2 Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn't/haven't/can't, et c.). 1. M y sister can pl ay th e pi ano , but 1
c쁘 't
.
Sa m is wo rking to day, but 1 3 . 1 was wo rking , but my fri end s 2.
4. M ark has been to C hina , but 1 5. 1’ m rea dy to go , but TO Il1 6. 1’ ve see n the m ovie , but Kim
41.3 Complete these sentences with do/does/did or don't/doesn't/didn't. 1.
2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
1 do n ’ t Ii ke ho t wea ther , but Sue _쁘똥 Sue Iikes h o t wea th er, but 1 d쁘L ι1 y m other wea rs glasses , but ll1 y fath er Yo u don ’ t know Paul ve r y well , but 1 1 didn ’t ε njoy th e party, bu t my fri ends 1 do n't watch T V mu ch , but Peter Kate lives in C anada , but her parents Yo u had brea kfas t this 1l1 0 rnin g , but 1
.
41.4 Complete the sentences. Write about yourself and other people. 1 didn ’ t 2. 1 like 3. 1 do n ’t 1.
qo
out last nlah t. but mv {rlends dld , but , but
4. 1’ m 5. 1 have n ’ t
41.5 Put in a verb , positive or negative. ea rli er, bur 1’ n1 no t nový." “ 1 ~액E yes terday Steve is happy today, but he T he sto res aren 't ope n ye t , but the post offi ce 1 do n ’t have a telescope , but 1 know som ebody w h o 1 wo uld like to h elp yo u , but 1’ m so rr y 1 1 do n ’t us ually drive to wo rk , but 1 yesterday. A : H ave yo u eve r bee n to Costa Ri ca? B: N o , but Sandra . She we nt th ere on vaca tio n last yε a r. “ Do yo u and Luke wa tch T V a lo t" ’ “ 1 , but Luke does n ’ t ." 1’ ve bee n invi ted to Sam ’s wed ding , but Kate “ Do yo u think Sa rah w iII pass her driving tes t?" “ Yes , 1’ 111 sure sh e “ Are yo u going o ut to ni ght?" “ 1 _ .. . Id on ’ t kn ow for sure."
1. “ Are yo u tired ?"
2. 3. 4‘
5. 6.
7‘ 8. 9. 10 11
"
•
41.6 Answer these questions about yourself. Use Yes, I have. / No, I ’ m not. , et c. 1. Are yo u ßra z ili a n ?
꾀으111m
not.
2. Do yo u have a ca r?
3 . Do yo u feel OK? 4. Is it snowing? j . Are yo u hungry? 6. Do yo u like classical l11 usic? 7 . Will yo u be in ß os to n to m o rrow' 8 . H ave yo u eve r broken yo ur ar ll1 ? 9. D id yo u buy anything yes terday? 10 낸1e re yo u asleep at 3:00 a. m .?
83
You have? |’ ve
Have you?
bought a new car.
|’ m writin g
Oh , you have?
Are you?, etc.
You are?
I don ’ t like George.
a book.
‘I[
You are? What about?
You don ’ t? Why not?
You can say you have? / it is? / he can ’ t? , etc. , to show that you are interested or surprised: l “ You ’ re late." “ 1 am? 1’ m sorry ,, • “ 1 was sick last week." “ You were? 1 didn ’ t know that." • “ It’s ra1lung agam-” “ It is? It was sunny 10 minutes ago." • “ There ’s a 1 εtter for you." “ There is? Where is it?" • “ Bill can ’ t drive." “ He can't? 1 didn ’t know that." • “ I ’ m not hungry-” “ You aren 년 1 an1." • “ Sue isn ’ t at work today." “ She isn ’ t? Is sh e sick? " U se do / does for the simp Le present and did for the simpLe past: • “ 1 speak four languages." “ You do? Whi ch ones?" • “ Tim doesn ’ t ea t m ea t." “ He doesn ’ t? Does he eat fish?" • “ Nicole got marri ed last week." “ She did? Really?"
Tag q“es tions
4
nr
이
u
P」
N o , it ’s m y mother ’s N o , I haven ’t No , she do es n 't. N o , I ’ m never late.
” < nF
」”
am , I don't , et c. • Unit 41
is it? have you? does she? will you?
’
·‘”·’ 、/
sentence -• Posítive tag question
That isn ’ t yo ur ca r , You haven ’ t m et my m o ther, Sally doesn ’ t go o ut much , You won ’ t b e late ,
I
Yes , it ’s perfec t. Yes , that ’s right Yes , 1 think so Yes , ver y nice. Yes , probably
V I
·야 잉
Negatiνe
-- RU
r
tag qu estion
isn ’ t it? doesn ’ t she? didn ’ t you? aren ’ t they? won ’ t he?
배
It’s a ni ce day, Sally lives in Portland , You closed th e window, Those shoes are ni ce , Tom will b e here soo n ,
」U
l'、Tegat íve
’
i
quest1ons ” are tag questlons.
Posítive sente nce -+
때
치111ni
l
「 d
Th ese
t
J -、
You can use have you? / is it? / can't she? , etc. , at the end of a se ntence
U N
Exercises
T
4
42.1 Answer with You do? / She doesn ’ t? / They did? , etc.
2. 3. 4. ?3 /0
I speak four languages. I work in a bank.
You do
P
Which ones? P I work in a bank , to o. ? Were yo u sick? ; Why not? ; 1 feel fine. ? What did sh e say?
1 didn ’t go to work yesterday. Jane doesn ’ t like me. You look tired. Kate called me last night.
42.2 Answer with You have? I You haven't? / She did? / She didn't? , et c. 1l
?i 끼 j
4 5 6 7 8 9 4--0 11
12
I ’ve bought a new ca r. Tim doesn ’ t eat meat. I ’ ve lost my ke y. Sue can ’ t drive.
You have
p
He doesn't
? P ?
I was born in Ital y. 1 didn't sleep welllast night.
?
There ’s a football game on TV tonight. I ’ m not happ y. I saw Paula last week. Maria works in a factor y. 1 won ’t be here next week. The clock isn't working.
;
;
P p
? p >
What kind is it? Does he eat fi sh? When did yo u have it last? She sh o uld lea rn. I didn ’ t know that Was th e bed uncomfortable? Are yo u going to wa tch it? Why not? How is sh e? What kind of factory? Where will yo u be? 1t was wo rking yes terday.
42.3 Complete these sentences with a tag question (isn't it? / haven't you? , et c.). It’s a nice day,
2. 3. 4. J.
6.
7.
lsn It lt
These flowers are ni ce , Jane was at the party, You ’ ve been to Chile , You sp eak Thai , Billlooks tired , You 'll help m e ,
?
p
? ‘/
; ; P
Yes , it ’s beautiful Yes , what kind are they? Yes , but I didn ’t speak to he r. Yes , many times Yes , but not very well. Yes, h e works very hard. Yes , of course I will.
42.4 Complete these sentences with a tag question , positive (is it? / do you? , et c.) or negative (i sn't it? / don ’ t you? , etc.). --이 / -꺼、 )
44I
R J /0 「/
n x U
Q /
You have n ’ t eate n yet , You aren ’ t tired , Lisa is a ve ry ni ce p erso n , You can play the piano , You don ’t know Mike ’s slster , Sarah went to college , The movie wasn ’ t very good , Anna lives n ear yo u , You won ’ t tell anybody what I said ,
쁘쁘g딛
?
P P ?
P P p
P ;
No , I ’ m not hungry. No , I feel fine. Yes, everybody likes he r. Yes , but I ’ m not very good. No , I ’ ve never met he r. Yes , she studied psychology. N 0 , it was terrible. Yes , just a few blocks awa y. N 0 , of course no t.
85
so am 1/ neither do 1, etc.
too/either
r~
r/
”
‘
--4
x
빼
””「
내
l
κm π뺨나씨 삐
We use too and either at the end of a sentence wm m t c g h m” e A-- I ’ m • [ / B- I ’ m h m , A---I -K m e B I ‘.‘ m e d m 0 rL ·u U)mr I· “u a d ) : mJ m ι
κ ’
J
πm 1
뼈
Q ι
바 따 ηM
We use either after a nega tive verb : • A: 1’ m n ot h appy. B: I ’ m not happι either. (not 1’ m n ot ... , too.) • A : 1 can ’ t cook. B: Ican't , either. (η ot 1 can 't , too) • Bill doesn ’t watch T V. He doesn ’ t read n ewsp ap ers, either.
”
1
r
“
happy. )
m m
빼‘며
…
|’ m not
뼈
I'm happy. )
m
」tx
빼
Too and either
so am 1 / neither do 1, etc.
”
-
.,ø
JU
%
Au
밍 α삐
f
빼빼빼
am
|’ m happy. !
|’ m not
n
happy. r '-
‘
e
,
”
neither
I
50 am 1. )
have/has • • can will ... should ...
•
f Neither am 1. “‘
so am 1 = 1 am , too so have 1 = 1 h ave , too (et c.) : • A: 1’ m working. B : So am 1. (= 1’ m working , too) • A: 1 was late for work to day. B: So was Sam. (= Sam was late , too) • A: 1 work in a b ank. B: So do 1. • A: We went to the m ovies last night . B: Yo u did? So did we. • A : 1’d like to go to A ustralia. B: So would 1.
neither am 1 = 1’ m n ot , either neither can 1 = 1 can 't , either (etc.): • A : 1 haven ’ t b een to C hina. B: Neither have 1. (= 1 haven ’t , either) • A: Kate can't cook . B : Neither can Tom. (= Tom can ’ t , either) • A : 1 won't (= w ill no t) b e h ere tom orrow. B: Neither will 1. • A : 1 never go to the m ovies. B : Neither do 1.
Remember: So am 1 (not So 1 am) , Neither have 1 (not Neither 1 have).
I
am , I don ’ t , et c. • Unit 41
U N I T
Exercises 43.1
4
Write too or either. 1 ?• 꺼 j
44
,
{3 ζU 「/
I ’ m happy, too I ’ m not hun gry, I ’ m gomg out , lt rained on Sunday, Sh e can ’ t ride a bicycle , 1 don ’t like to go shopping , H er father is a teacher,
I ’ m happy. I ’ m not hungr y. I ’ m gomg out. It rained on Saturday. Jenny can't drive a ca r. 1 don ’t like to go shopping. Linda ’s mother is a teache r.
43.2 Answer with So .. . 1 (So am 11 So do 11 So --이
‘ 꺼、 )
/
4.
5. 6.
1 went to bed 1ate 1ast night. I ’ m thirsty I ’ve a1ready read this book. 1 need a vacation. 1’ 11 be 1ate tomorrow. 1 was very tired this morning.
•
can 1, et c.).
50 did 1.
Answer with Neither ... ,. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1.
1 can ’ t go to the part y. 1 didn ’ t ca11 A1ex last nigh t. 1 haven ’ t eaten 1unch yet. 1’ m not going out tonigh t. 1 don ’ t know what to do.
43.3 You are talking to Maria. Write sentences about yourself. Where possible , use So ... 1 or Neither ... ,. Look at these examples carefully:
|’ m tired
today ‘
I don ’ t work hard.
You can answer:
50 am 1.
OR
/'m not.
You can answer:
N either do 1
OR
1 do
Maria 1.
2. 3. 4.
5 6 7
8 9
10. 1 1. 12.
You
I ’ m studying English 1 can ride a bicycle. I ’ m not American. 1 like to cook. 1 don ’t like c01d weathe r. 1 s1ept we11 last night. I ’ ve never been to India. 1 don ’ t use my phone much. I ’ m going out tomorrow nigh t. 1 wasn ’ t sick last week. 1 didn ’ t watch TV last nigh t. 1 go to the movies a 10t.
87
isn ’ t , haven ’ t , don ’ t , etc. (negatives) We use not (n 't) in negative sentences
Posítíve
•
am IS
are was were have has will can could should would must
Negatíve am not (’ m not) is not (isn 't or ’ s not) are not (aren ’ t or ’ re not) was not (wasn ’ t ) were not (weren ’ t) have not (haven ’ t) has not (hasn't) will not (won't) cannot (can ’ t) could not (couldn ’ t) should not (shouldn ’ t) would not (wouldn ’t) must not
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
1’ m not tired. It isn ’ t (or It ’s not) raining. Theyaren ’ t (orThey ’ re not) here. Brian wasn ’ t hungry. The stores weren ’ t open. 1 haven ’ t finished my work Sue hasn ’ t been to Mexico. We won ’ t be here tomorrow. George can ’ t drive. 1 couldn ’ t sleep last nigh t. You shouldn ’ t work so hard. 1 wouldn ’ t like to be an acto r. They must not have a ca r.
don ’ t I doesn ’ t I didn ’t
Símple present negatíve
I/ we / youlthey
he / shelit I/ they/ he/ she , et c.
Símple past negatíve
do not (don ’ t) does not (doesn ’ t)
work/ live / go , etc.
did not (didn ’t)
Posítive
-+
Negatiνe
1 want to go out They work hard. Liz plays the guitar My father likes his job 1 got up early this morning. They worked hard yesterday We played tennis. Diane had dinner with us
-+
1 don ’ t want to go out. They don ’ t work hard. Liz doesn ’ t play the guita r. My father doesn ’ t like hisjob. 1 didn ’ t get up early this morning They didn ’ t work hard yesterday. We didn ’ t play tennis Diane didn ’ t have dinner with us.
-+ -+ -+
-•
-• -+ -+
Don ’ t ... Look! Wait for me.
-• -+
Don ’ t look! Don't wait for me.
뺑뼈빼
빼라
τ
뼈
μω
」U
〔 \니
Sometimes do is the main verb (don ’ t do I doesn ’t do I didn ’ t do): k r • Don ’ t do anything! m O R a R • Sue doesn ’ t do much on weekends. I AUM V m • 1 didn ’ t do what you said. /
simple present negative • Unit 6 simple past negative • Why isn ’ tldon ’ t ... ? • Unit 45
Unit 12 don ’t look / don ’ t wait, et c. •
Unit 37
U N I T
Exercises 44.1
44
Make these sentences negative. 1.
He ’s gone out.
4.It ’s cold toda y.
He hasn't gone out.
5. 매le ’ 11 be late 6 . You sho uld go.
2. They ’re married. 3. 1’ ve had dinne r.
44.2 Make these sentences negative. Use don ’ tldoesn ’ tldidn't. 1. She saw me. 5he didn't see m e. 2. 1 like cheese. 3. They understood.
4. H e Ii ves here 5. Go away! 6. 1 did th e dishes.
44.3 Make these sentences negative. 2 3‘ 4 5
She can't swim She can swim They ’ ve arrived I 、Ne nt to the bank He speaks japanese. We were angry.
H e ’ 11 be happy 7 Call me tonight. 8 It rained yes terday 9 1 could h ea r them 10. 1 b eli eve you. 6
44.4 Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn'tlhaven'tldon't, et c.). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 1 1. 12. 13. 14.
Theyaren ’ t rich. They _쁘ιt have much money. “ Would you like so m ethin g to ea t?" “ No , thank yo u. 1 hungr y." 1 find my gIasses. Have yo u see n them? Steve use e-mail mu ch. He ’d rath er talk o n the phone We ca n walk to the stati o n from here. It very fa r. “ Where ’s jane?" “ 1 know. 1 seen her today." Be careful l fall! We went to the movies last night. 1 like the movie very mu ch been to South Korea. 1’ ve been to japan many times , but 1 julia be h ere tomorrow. She ’ II b e o ut of town. “ Who broke that window?" “ No t me. 1 do i t." We didn ’ t see what happ ene d. We looking at th e time Lisa bought a new coat a few days ago , bu t she worn Jt yet drive so fast. It ’s dangerous. You
44.5 You ask Gary some questions. He answers “ Yes" or “ No." Write sentences about Gary, positive or negative.
Gary
You Are you married? Do you live in Los Angeles? Were you born in Los Angeles? Do you like Los Angeles? Would you like to live someplace else? Can you drive? Have you traveled abroad? Do you read the newspaper? Are you interested in politics? Do you usually watch TV at night? Did you watch TV last night? Did you go out last night?
I I I I I I I I I
No Yes No No Yes. Yes No. N o. No. Yes. N o. Yes.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I 7. I 8. I 9. 1 10 I 11 I 12.
He isn't married He /ives in Los An9 e/es
89
7
is it . . . ? have you (questions 1) Positive Qu es ti o η
와딛
You are eating.
are
Are you eating?
do they ... 1, etc.
Wh at are you ea ting?
In qu es tio ns , the first verb (is / are / have , etc.) is b efo re the subj ec t:
Pos itive
Q ues tion
subject + verb T hat sea t Sh e David Yo u T hey Paula
verb + subject
a l11 late. is free. was an gry. has go ne. have b ee n to ] apan . w i1l be h ere soo n. can s νV 1m
-+ -+
-• -+ -+ -+ -+
A l11 Is W hy was W h ere has Have Wh en w i1l Can
1 la te? that seat free ? she angry? David go n e? you bee n to ] apan ? they b e h ere? Paula swim?
Re m emb er: the subj ec t is after the first verb • • •
W h ere has David go ne? (not Where has go ne David?) Are those people waiting fo r something? (not Are wa iting . .. ?) Wh en was the telephone invented? (not W hen was inve nted . . . ?)
do ... ? I does ... ? I did .. . ?
Simple present ques tions Simple past questions
I/ w e/you l
they
do does
h e/sh elit
did
I/ they/ he/ she , etc.
P ositive
work/ live l gα etc. . . ?
Question
T h ey work hard . You watch television. C hris has a ca r. Sh e gets up ea rl y.
• -• •
Do th ey work hard? H ow o ftε n do yo u watch television ? Does C hris have a ca r? W hat time does sh e get up ?
T h ey worked hard . Yo u had di nne r. She got up earl y
• • •
Did they work hard ? W hat did yo u have for dinn er? 찌! h a t time did she get up ?
•
So m etimes do is the main verb (do yo u do I did h e do , et c.) : • W hat do yo u usually do o n weekends? • “찌Tha t does yo ur b ro ther do ?" “ H e works in a bank ." • “ 1 bro ke my fi nger last week." “ H ow did yo u do that?" (not H ow did yo u that?) Why isn 't ... ? I Why don ’ t ... ?, et c. (Why + 쨌ative) : • Where ’s ] ohn ? Why isn't he h ere? (no t Why h e isn ’t h ere?) • ￦hy can't Paula come to the m ee ting to mo r row? (not Why Paula can ’t . . . ?) • Why didn ’ t you call m e last night?
simple present questions • Unit 7 simple past questions • Unit 12 questions 2-3 • Units 46 -4 7 whatfwhich/how • Units 48-4 9
U N I T
Exercises 45.1
Write questions. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
10.
Can vOU swim 2 Ooes /ack work hard 2
(a nd yo u?)
}
(a nd Ja ck ?) (a nd yo u ?) (a nd Kate?) (a nd (a nd (a nd (and
you?) Pau l?) yo u?) Ni co le?)
깨삐 때
9.
1 can swim. 1 work h ard. 1 was late this morning I ’ve see n that movi e. I ’ 11 b e h ere tomorrow I ’ m going out tonight 1 like m y job. 1 live n ear here. 1 e nj oyed the mo vie. 1 h ad a good vacation.
(a nd yo u? ) (a nd yo u ?)
45.2 You are talking to a friend about driving. Write the full questions. You
I (h ave / a car?) 00 you have q car 2 2. I (u se / a lot?) 3 I (use / yes te rday?) 4 I (e njoy driving?) 5. I (a goo d drive r?) 6. l (eve r / have / an accid e nt?) 1
Yes , I do.
‘
Yes , almost every day. Yes , to go to work. Not very much. 1 think 1 am.
lt
‘
45.3
No , neve r.
Make questions with these words. Put the words in the right order. 1. (h as / go n e / where / David?) 2.
(wo rking / Rachel / is / today?)
has Oavid ßone 2 I5 R. achel workln4묘띤성
Wh , ere
3.
(the children / what / are / do in g?) What 4. (m ade / is / how / ch eese?) 5. (to the party / co ming / is / yo ur siste r?) 6 . (yo u / the truth / tell / don ’ t / w hy?)
7. (yo ur guests / have / ye t / arri ved?) 8 . (l eave / what tim e / yo ur pl an e / do es?) 9 . (to work / ] e nn y / why / go / didn 간) 10. (yo ur car / in the accident / was / damaged?) 45.4 Complete the questions.
1 2. 3. 4
5 6 7. 8. 9.
10. 1 1. 12
1 want to go out. Kate and Paul aren't going to the party. I ’ m reading. Sue went to bed early. My parents are going on vacation. 1 saw Tom a few days ago. 1 can ’t come to the party. Tina has moved. 1 need some money. Angela doesn ’t like me. It rains sometimes . 1 did the shopping.
Wh ere
do yOu want to
g으E
Why 쁘마펴똥양맺 2 What What time When Wh ere Why 매r here
H ow mu ch Why How ofte n When
91
Who sawyou? (questions 2)
Who did you see?
Sylvia
Sylvia saw Pau l. W ho saw Paul? Sylvia. (Sylvia saw him.) W ho did Sylvia see ? Pa u l. (S h e saw Pa ul.) Paul
Sylvial saw iPaul S씨‘ect
Object
S으lge h잉YJ saw Pa u l.
did Sylvia see?
Pau l. (S h e saw Pa u l.)
7
m
l
’n
Who ~ 、
없 짜 따
·m m e
h ‘뼈뼈 때
Vι
P
m ·n me
뼈
R’
β
F 써
Who l saw Paul? S 1 L
Sylvia saw I s으띤~þ ody .
who is the object Sylvia is the s때 ect
In these questions , who / what is the subject: • Who lives in this house? (= somebody lives in it - who?) (notWho does live?) • What happened? (= something happened - what?) (not What did happen?) • What ’s happening ? (What ’s = What is) • Who ’s got my keys? (Who ’s = Who has) In these questions , who / what is the object: • Who did you meet yesterday? (= you met somebody - w ho ?) • What did Paul say? (= Paul said something - what?) • Who are you calling? • What was Sylvia wearing? Compare : • George likes oranges. •
Jane won a new ca r.
• •
Who likes oranges? - Geo rge. What does George like? - Oranges . Who won a new car? - Jane. What did Jane win? - A new car.
Use who for people (somebody). Use what for things , ideas , etc. (som ething): l ￦ ho is your favorite singer? • ￦hat is your favorite song?
questions • Units 45 , 47 wha t!which/how • Unit 48
U N I T
Exercises
46.1 Make questions with who or what. In these questions , wholwhat is the subject. 1 2
3 4 5 6
VVho broke the window 2
Somebody broke the window. Something fell off the shel f. Somebody wants to see you. Somebody took my umbrella. Something made me sick. Somebody is coming.
What me?
46.2 Make questions with who or what (subject or object). m 영
m
이
m
·땅
What did you bUy2 Who /l ves in this house?
n ’m mw r m m 강 엉
k m% m ‘b m VJ
’ mm g
랴
WF E
m
J 띠
m
m
νm빠빠 따
ni
‘
μω
]
’h
%
」 ω
m
I
m
’
ιF
Qo
h
야
h
뼈 m 영
01 n
V J
뼈성씨씨
o m
뼈
Rι
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Ii
〔 、니
4 5 6
Lω
1 2 3
Jane did something. Something woke me up Somebody saw the accident. 1 saw somebody. Somebody has my pen. This word means something.
46.3 You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what. 1.
1 lost XXXXX yesterday, but fortunately XXXXX found it and gave it back to me.
2.
XXXXX called me last n igh t. She wanted XXXXX .
3.
1 needed some advice , so 1 asked XXXXX . He said XXXXX
4.
1 hear that XXXXX got married last week. XXXXX told me.
5.
1 met XXXXX on my way home tonight She told me XXXXX .
6.
Steve and 1 played tennis yesterday. XXXXX won. After the game , we XXXXX .
7.
1t was my birthday last week , and 1 got some presents. XXXXX gave me a book , and Catherine gave me XXXXX .
L'Vhat did vou /ose 2 uν ho found it? Who What
93
Who is she talking to? (questions 3)
What is it like?
一y ‘"'"'-‘-
-
Who is she talking to?
‘
----
Julia is talking to som ebody.
Jul ia
In questions beginning Who ... ? / What ... ? / Where ... ? / Which ... ?, prepositions (to / from / with , etc.) usually go at the end: • “ Where are yo u from ?" “ I ’ m from Thailand." • “J ack was afraid." “ What was he afraid o f? " • “ Who do these books belong to? " “ They ’re mine-” • “ Tom ’s father is in the hospital." “ Which hospital is h e in?" • “ Kate is going on vacation." “ Who with ?" / “ Who is she going with ?" • “ Can we talk?" “ Sure. What do yo u want to talk about?" What ’ s it like? / What are they like? , et c. Wha t' s your new house li ke? What ’ s it like? = What is it Ii ke? What ’s it like? = tell me something about it - is it good or bad , big or small , old or new, etc.? It ’5 very big
When we say “ What is it like? ," like is a preposition. It is not the verb like (Do you like your new house?).
•
A: There ’s a new restaurant near my h ouse. B: What ’ s it like ? Is it good? A: 1 don ’t know. 1 haven ’t eaten there yet.
•
A: What ’s your new teacher like ? B: She ’s very good. We learn a lot
•
A: 1 met Nicole ’s parents yesterda y. B: You did? What are they like ? A: T h ey ’re very ll1 ce.
•
A: Did you have a good vacation? What was the weath er like ? B: It was great. It was sunny every day.
questions • Units 45 -4 6 wha tJwhich/how • Unit 48 prepositions • Units 104- 114
U N I T
Exercises
47
47.1 You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.
Who is the
The letter is from XXXXX . 2.
I ’ m looking for a XXXXX .
3.
1 went to the movies with XXXXX .
4.
The movie was about XXXXX .
5.
1 gave the money to XXXXX .
6.
The book was written by XXXXX .
le감er
What
from 2
you
47.2 Write questions about the people in the pictures. Use these verbs + a preposition: go
listen
look
--t봐k-
2
talk
wait 4.
3. l ’ mg 이 ng
to a restauran t.
It was very good
Yes , very Interestlng ι4
1.
Who is she talkina to 2
2. What 3 찌까li c h re staurant
4. 재T hat 5 매T hat 6 . Whi ch bu s
47.3 Write questions with Which ... ? --?•
끼 J
4.
Tom ’s father is in the hospital We stayed at a hotel Jack plays for a football team. 1 went to schoo1 in this town
Which hostJIt al is he in 2 you
47.4 You want some information about another country. You ask somebody who has been there. Ask questions with What is/are ... like? 1. (the roads) W h, at are the roads lik e2 2. (th e food ) 3. (the p eopl e) 4. (the weath er)
47.5 Ask questions with What was/were ... like? 1. Your fri end has just come ba ck from a trip. Ask abo ut the weather
W hat
wα5
the weather IIke 2
2. Your friend has just co me ba ck from the movies . Ask about th e movie 3 . Your fri end ha s just finish ed a computer course. Ask about th e class es 4. Your friend has just come ba ck from a business trip. Ask about the hote l.
95
What ... ? Which (questions 4) What • • • •
+
7
How ... ?
noun (What color ... ? / What kind ... ?, etc.)
What What What What
color is your car? size is this shirt? tirne is it? kind ofjob do you want? (or
￦hat
• What color are your eyes? • What nationality is she? • What day is it today? type ofjob ... ? / What sort ofjob ... ?)
What without a noun: • 재7hat ’s your favorite co1or? • What do you want to do tonight? Which + noun (things or peop1e) • Which train did you catch - the 9:50 or the 10:30? • Which doctor did you see - Doctor Lopez , Doctor Gray, or Doctor Hill? We use which without a noun for things , not peop1e: • Which is bigger - Canada or Australia? We use who for peop1e (without a noun): • Who is taller - Joe or Gary? (η ot Which is taller?) What or which? We use which when we are thinking about a small number of possibilities (perhaps 2 , 3 , or 4): • We can go this way or that way. Which way shou1d we go? or or or • There are four umbrellas here. Which is yours? 댄THICH?
? •
? •
? •
What is more genera1: • What ’ s the capita1 of Argentina? (of all the cities in Argentina) • What kind ofmusic do you like? (ofall kinds ofmusic) Compare: • What color are his eyes? (ηotWhich c 이 or?) Which color do you prefer, pink or yellow? • What is the 10ngest river in the world? Which is the 10ngest river - the Mississippi , the Arnazon , or the Nile? How ... ?
• •
“ How was the party last night?" “ 1t was great." “ How do you get to work?" “ By bus."
You can use how +
“ How
I
a φ ectwe ι dverb
(how tall / how old / how
0 삼 en ，
et c.):
tall are you?" “ I ’ m five feet 10." (5 feet 10 inches or 1. 78 meters) hig is the house?" “ N ot very big." old is your mother?" “ She ’s 45." far is it from here to the airport?" “ Ten mi1es." (about 16 ki1ometers) often do you use yo ur car?" “ Every day." long have they been married?" “ Ten years." rnuch was the taxi?" “ Ten dollars."
questions • Units 45-4 7 How long does it take ... ? • Unit 49 which one(sl • Unit 76
? •
U N I T
Exercises 48.1
Write questions with What . .. ? 4l
?4
1) 끼 44T
RJ /0
VVhot size is it? (size ?) Whot kind of iob do you won t2 (kind?) (color?) What (time?) (type ?) (kind?)
This shirt is nice. 1 want a job. 1 have a new sweater 1 got up early this morning. 1 like music. 1 want to buy a car.
get up?
48.2 Complete the questions. Use Which ... ? Whlch wqK
should we go ì
3.
4.
THEATER2
do you want to see? 48.3 Write What/Which/Who.
뼈
d 0 y] u
O
d
넓
i
ν4
” nj e % p·
%
상
아때
•
(
”
1k m
desk
없
아} mι 야
ω 써
/ r ·
9 씨
쩌
」 ω
얘
(ιμ
없뼈
1
6. This is a nice office is yours? 7 g m 8 g
빽m 「때
Whot VVhich
is that man ’s name? 2. way should we go? Left or right? 3. You can have tea or coffee do you prefer? ”r qm ‘ ” 1d • n ‘ 4 p m y m R ”” t 5 1.
”
1iJr
% >-
10. A: 1’ ve got three cameras B: camera do you use most?
48.4 Complete the questions with How + adjective or adverb (high /l ong. et c.).
How hi9 h 2 3 4
5. 6
is Mount Everest? is it to the station? is Helen? do the buses run? is the watεr in the pool? have you lived here?
I
Over 29 ,000 feet. Almost two miles. She ’s 26 Every 10 minutes. Seven feet . Almost three years.
48.5 Write questions with How ... ? 1. Are you five feet nine? Five feet 10? Five feet 11? 2. Is this box one kilogram? Two? Three? 3. Are you 20 years old? 22? 25? 4. Did you spend $20? $30? $50? 5. Do you watch TV every day? Once a week? Never? 6. Is it 2 , 000 miles
삼om
H ow to// ore you?
NewYork to Los Angeles? 2 ,500? 3 , 000?
97
How long does it take ... ? How long does it take to get
삼om
... to ... ?
How long does it take to get from NewYork to Washington , D.c., by plane? It takes an hou r.
Washington , D. c~
• •
• •
How long does it take It takes several days to How long does it take It takes ten minutes to
to get from Los Angeles to NewYork by train? get 감 om Los Angeles to NewYork by train. to get from your house to the airport by car? get 삼om my house to the airport by ca r.
How long does it take to do something?
How long
does did will
lt take ke to . . . ?
takes took will take doesn ’t didn ’t won ’t
a we ek a long time three hours
take
long
• • •
How long does it take to cross the Atlantic by ship? “ 1 cam e by train." “ You did? How long did it take (to get here)?" How long will it take to get from here to the hotel?
•
It takes a long time to learn a language. It doesn ’ t take long to make an omelet It won ’ t take long to fix the compute r.
• •
to
How long does it take you to do something? does Hoα、wλν 애 I
will
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
takes It I took will take •
1 started reading the book on κ10nday. 1 finished it on Wednesday evening. It took me three days to read i t. • • •
• •
How long will it take me to learn to drive? It takes Tom 20 minutes to get to work in the morning. It took us an hour to do the shopping. Did it take you a long time to find a job? It will take me an hour to cook dinne r.
me Tom them
you Tom them a week a long time three hours
to
I to
.
>
U N I T
Exercises 49.1
look at the pictures and write questions with How long ... ?
3.
2.
1.
4
JFK
ξ
Airport
‘ r 1‘ Q
>
•..cÎty
1.
HOW
/ona does it take to aet from Rio de Janeiro to Lima bv
01α ne 2
2
3 4
49.2
How long does it take to do these things? Write f비 I sentences. 1.
fly from your city / country to Los Angeles l t takes about 11 hours to flv from Seou/ to Los Anae/es
2.
fly from your city / country to Au stralia
3.
b eco me a doctor in your co untry
4.
walk from your home to th e n ea rest supermarket
5. get from your house to the nearest airport
49.3 Write questions with How long did it take ... ? 1.
Oane found a job.)
2.
(1 walked to the station.)
3.
(Tom painted the bathroom. ) (f lea rned to ski.) (They repaired the compu te r. )
4.
5.
HOW
/ona did it take her to find a lob 2 you
49.4 Read the situations and write sentences with It took .. 1. 1 read a book last week. [ started rea ding it
011
Monday. 1 fini shed it th ree days later
l t took me three davs to read the book 2. We walked home last
night. 낸1e
left at 10:00 , and we got home at 10:20
3 . 1 learned to drive last yea r. 1 had my first driving lesso n in ]anuar y. 1 passed my driving test
six months later l e산
4.
Mark drove to Houston yesterday. He
home at 7:00 and got to Houston at 10:00
5.
Lisa began looking for a job a long time ago. She got a job last week.
6.
Write a sentence about
you 찌
99
00 you know where ... ? Idon ’ t know what ... , etc. 댄le
d
η7
N
a P‘
·
U
?
W
ea p Nh m pν
M
Fy l ’ M I DO m ’ k
r 샘i뼈
but
’
a
Vι
...ø꺼f
say:
뼈
Do you know ì where Pau la is ? '
In the sam e way we say: 1 know 1 don ’t know
w h ere Paula is .
Can yo u tell m e wh ere Paula is?
Co mp are:
“
따
Who are those people? H ow old is Nicole ? What time is it ? Where can 1 go? H ow much is this camera? When are you leaving town ? Where have they go n e? What was Jenny wearing?
,
U
Do you know Can you tell me
1 know 1 don ’ t know 1 don ’ t remember
who those people are h ow old Nicole is w hat time it is w h ere 1 can go h ow much this camera is w h en you ’re leaving town where they have gon e w h at Jenny was wearing
p
Questi ons w ith do / does / did (s imple present and simple past) W h ere rdoes he live ' ?
bu t
Do you know w h ere
m
? (not Do yo u know w h ere does h e 1ive?)
따
m f
’o
Do you know 1 don ’ t know 1 don ’ t remember 1 know
「/ 1 ·
『/ ·
Y /
‘‘ I P %
E
‘때 」찌
JuR
ω ιM 뎌 뼈L M
g
J …”
따
m
i ”」
y vm
γ뼈 때없없
a
뻐
w w ww
ι ….때
Co mp are: H m
뿔힌V프
h ow airplanes fly
?
w hat Jane wants w hy she went home w h ere 1 put the key
Questions b eginning Is ... ? / Do ... ? / Can ... ?, etc. (yes/ n o qu estions) Comp are: 따
Is Jack at h om e? Have they go t a car? Can Brian swim? Do they 1ive nea r h ere? Did anybody see yo u ?
,“ U
Do you know
1 don ’ t know
if or whether
Jack is at h ome they ’ ve got a car Brian can swim they live nea r h ere anybody saw yo u
Yo u can use if or whether in th ese senten ces: • •
D o yo u know if they ’ve go t a car? or Do yo u know whether th ey ’ve go t a car? 1 don ’t know if anyb o dy saw m e. or 1 do n ’t know whether anyb ody saw m e.
?
U N I T
Exercises 50.1 Answer these questions with I don't know wherelwhenlwhy ... , etc.
‘
m
I don't know where
(where) 1 do 바 know
‘/·「/·「/·
m
m
(where)
‘/·「/.
4
I w
q4
뼈 따 ”따
m”
’h %
ηr 샤잉
$
%
η
……
k
-m m ‘/. 이
7?
R
야
k
m
μ ’
녀
Dl
an
&
m mh
μμ
’n9L ηJ
H
싫 πW 잃
IJ
m
기
이 /-끼 j
Is 1
얘 ω 싸 q 비 셔 〔씨Lω
”
I
A41
/0
yo
따 ιM ψ 폐 m뼈
P」
i
매
H
•
(how old) (when) (why) (how long)
50.2 Complete the sentences. 2 3. 4.
5. 6.
(How do airplanes fl y?) (Where does Susan work?) (What did Peter say?) (Why did he go home early?) (What time does the me eting begin?) (How did the accident happen?)
Do you know howalG2lanes 1 don ’ t know Do you remember 1 don ’ t know Do you know 1 don ’ t remember
th걷VIve 9 one
w
?
>
>
50.3 Which is righ t? 1. Do you know what time 낸슨호/ i딛전
(it is is right)
2. Why are vou / vou are leaving? 3.
1 don ’t know where are thev / thev are g0111g.
4.
Can you tell me where is the museum / the museum is? 5. Where do vou want / vou want to go for vacation? 6. Do you know what do eleohants eat / eleohants eat? 7. 1 don ’t know how far is it / it is from the hotel to the station.
50.4 Write questions with Do you know iflwhether ... ? 1. (Do they have a car?) 0 o vou know l6/whether th
(Are they married?) 3. (Does Sue know Bi ll?) 4. (매Till Gary be here tomorrow?) 5. (Did he pass his exan'l?)
Do you know
50.5 Write questions beginning Do you know ... ? Do vou know what Laura 1. (What does Laura want?) 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
(Where is Paula?) (Is she working today)) (매T hat time does she start work?) (Are th e banks open tomorrow?) (Where do Sarah and Tim live?) (Did they go to ]ane ’s party?)
w.α nts 2
Do
50.6 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1 2
3 4
5 6
the bus was late Do you know why Do you know what time Excuse me , can yo u tell me where 1 don ’ t know what Do you know if Do you know how mu ch
?
P P
?
;
101
She said that ...
He told me that ... Today yo u meet Pau l. Yo u tell hi m ab o ut the p art y. Yo u tell P aul w h at yo ur fr iends said :
Last week yo u wen t to a party. A lo t of yo ur fri ends we re the re. H ere are som e things they said to yo u: |’ m enj oylng
new job.
‘
-
Diane
~
Present
m찌
~.
‘
.，
My father isn ’ t 1 ery happyL →쩌f
‘
*
-
앤 매
we mb
0
m “
tnM
*
*
ll·tt Q
‘
,*
Pas t
arn l is
~
are
-+
J -•
•
D iane said that she was h b e IlJ oym g ne r n ew JO Sh e said th at her father wasn ’ t ve r y h appy.
__ ~_ _ was
•
、lVere
•
Sarah an d Tim said that they were going to buy a h o u se.
•
Pete r said that he had to leave early. H e said that his sister had go n e to Aus trali a.
Jt
Tim
I have to leave ea rly. ) /
Peter
ι
..
My sister has \ gone to Austra lla4J
‘
‘
I
ca텀없꿇~
꽃있Rμ
have has
•
had
can
•
could
•
K ate said that she couldn ’t fin d a job .
will
•
would
•
Steve said that he would call m e.
| fFe|i fJ[텔 You ./
looked
-• felt
• •
•
Unit 54
l
M ik e said th at 1 looked tired. 1 said that 1 felt fi n e.
e tc
tell (• told) • H e told rne th at h e was tire d . (not H e told th at) • What did sh e tell you ? (no t tell to yo u ) We say he told rne , 1 told Ann , etc bμ t no t “ h e told to m e ," “ 1 told to A nn ."
Yo u can say : • H e said that h e was tired. or H e said h e was tired. (without that) • K ate told m e that sh e co uldn ’t find a j o b. or K ate to ld m e sh e couldn ’t find a j o b. I told you to
,‘
l
J M
say and tell say (-• said) • H e said th at h e was tire d. (not H e said me) • W h at did sh e say to yo u ? (not say yo u ) W e say he said to rne , 1 said to Ann , et c. bμ t not “ h e said me ," “ 1 said An n."
t
삐
x
look feel e t c.
m d
·U
찌
*
did
LM
맘
뼈 뻐
‘
•
e e ”M e
때J
My son doesn ’ t \ like schoo l. J
do does
m
따
" ,-
’
ι 」
. ."
m없샤 M mμ 니
댔-"
π& 싸 야에
--“
I don ’ t like my job. ;
빼야빼 “
Steve
•
U N I T
Exercises
51.1 Read what these peop le say and write sentences with HelShelThey said (that) .. 6
l’ ve lost my watch.
1don ’ t feel very well -’
“
He sald he had lost hls watch 1
n
u
따
미
2.
m
애
’
V J
J
u
m f
(A
U
m
w
민
U
따
’h
번
t nu
씨
1have to go out
‘
f m
’h
띠
9.
L
n U
ι
‘
mnu
Q
뻐
n
때
m m 니
S.
j
뼈
댈l
t
8
1can ’ t go to the party.
4
We ’ 11 be home late
매
3
7
U
4
j
10.
I'm learning Russ ian.
We don ’ t have a key. a
51.2 Use the pictures to complete the sentences.
뻐뻐
때깨
1
m “
2
m ιι
(( ÎI ’ m not 'j hungry
*
t t nu nuJnu
4
1need it
5
You can have it
Sharon
,
6
1'11 send you a post[ ard.
Hannah 8.
7
Where's Robert? "‘~
He ’s gone home ‘
/ "'"'
、、
Linda
1. 1 met Diane la st week. She said
2. 3. 4. S. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Mike
Emil
빼빠
Diane
3.
1want to watch TV. David
9. I
/γιi
I
1’ m gOlng to the movies. ”
Mary
5he was enioyln C/ her ne w 띤k
Emily didn ’ t want anything to eat. She said 1 wanted to borrow Mike ’s ladder , but he said Hannah was invited to the party, but she said Sharon told me she didn ’t want the picture. She said Mark just left on vacation. He said 1 was looking for Rober t. Linda said “ Why did David stay at home?" “ He said “ Has Mary gone out?" “ 1 think so. She said
" "
51.3 Write saylsaid or te ll/ told. 2.
3.
4. S.
6
He said he was tired. What did she tell you? she didn ’t like Peter Anna me that you were sic k. ]ack Dan what Please don ’t happened she would be late? Did Lucy
The woman she was a reporte r. 8. The woman us she was a reporter. 9 They asked me a lot of questions , but 1 didn ’t them anything. 10. They asked mε a lot of questions , but 1 didn ’ t anything. 7
103
worklworking
go/going
do/doing
Work/ go / be , et c. (baseJorm) We use the base form with will / can / rnust , etc will shall rnight rnay can could rnust should would
• • • • • • • • •
Anna will be here soon . Shall 1 open the window? 1 rnight call you late r. May 1 sit here? 1 can't rneet you tomorrow. Could you pass the salt , please? It ’s late. You rnust be tired You shouldn ’ t work so hard Would you like some coffee?
} • Units 28-29
• Unit 32 • Unit 33 • Unit 35
We use the base form with do / does / did do / does (s imple present)
• • • •
Do you work? They don ’ t work very hard Helen doesn ’t know many people. How much does it cost?
-• Units 6-7
did (s imple past)
• •
What time did the train leave? We didn ’ t sleep well.
-• Unit 12
to work / to go / to be , et c. (infinitive) (I’ m) going to ...
• •
1’ rn going to play tennis tomorrow. What are you going to do?
• Unit 27
(1) have to . . .
• •
1 have to go now Everybody has to eat.
• Unit 34
(1) want to . . .
• •
Do you want to go out? They don ’t want to corne with us.
-• Unit 53
(1) would like to .. .
• •
1’'d like to talk to you. Would you like to go out?
-• Unit 35
(1) used to .. .
•
Dave used to work in a factory.
-• Unit 15
working/ going/ playing , et c. arn / is / are + -ing φ rese nt co ntinuous)
was / were + -ing φ a s t co ntinuous)
• • • • •
Please be quiet. 1’ rn working Tom isn ’ t working today What time are you going out?
-• Units 3-4 , 8 , 26
It was raining , so we didn ’t go out What were you doing when the phone rang?
• Units 13-14
verbs + to ... and -ing (1 want to do 11 enjoy doing) • Unit 53 go + -ing • Unit 56
U N I T
Exercises 52.1
Complete the sentences. Write: ...
call Paul or ... to call Paul.
coll Pou/ 2 . I ’ m gom g to co// Pou/ I ’ 11
3 . Ca n yo u 4. Shal1 1 5. I ’d like
Paul? >
6. D o yo u have 7. Yo u sh o uld 8. 1 wa nt 9. 1 might 10 . Co uld yo u
?
>
go/going wait/waiting 1.
2. 3. 4
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10
1 1.
eat/eating listen/listening watch/watching
繼 鋼 뺑
do/doing
般 빼 빼
52.2 Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. Sometimes you need the base form (work/go , etc.) and sometimes you need -ing (working/going , et c.). get/getting stay/staying
Pl ease be qui e t. 1’ m w싹맺 ve ry welllas t ni ght 1 feel tired today. 1 di d n ’ t 5뾰 What time do you usuall y up in th e 1l1 0 rnin g? ?” “ To the bank." “ Wh ere are you televisio n las t night? D id yo u Loo k at that plan e! It ’s ve ry low Yo u ca n turn o ff th e radi o. I ’ 111 no t to lt T hey didn ’ t anything beca use th ey we re n ’ t hun g ry. M y fri ends we re fo r m e w h en 1 arri ved glasses?" “ N o , o nl y fo r reading ." “ Does Susan always hom e." to night :l " “ I ’ n1 “ Wh at are you
52.3 Put the verb in the correct form. Choose from: the base form (work/go , et c.) the infinitive (to work/to go , et c.) -ing (working/going , et c.) 1. Sh o uld 1 _으p en
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11. 12 13 .
14. 15 .
이 J
빼밟
앵
19.
」』 때
18.
the w ind ow? (op e n)
1t ’s late. 1 have 보4으 n ow. (g이 Amanda isn ’t g약쁘g this wee k. She ’s on vaca ti o n . (wo rk) 1’ m tired . 1 don ’ t want out . (go) , so take an umbrella w ith yo u . (rain) It might Wh at time do you have tomorrow m o rning? (J eave) 1’ 111 so rry 1 can ’t you. (h elp) physics . (stu dy) M y broth er is a studen t. H e ’s o n a trip around th e wo rld ? (g이 W o uld yo u like Wh en yo u saw M ari a , w hat was sh e ? (wea r) Wh en yo u go to Lo nd o n , w h ere are yo u going ) (s tay) “ Where ’s G ary?" “ H e ’s a bath ." (take) 1 used a ca r , but 1 sold it last yea r. (have) H e spoke very qui etly. 1 co uldn ’t him. (h ea r) Yo u don ’t look we l1 . 1 d o n ’t think yo u should to work to d ay. (g이 1 d o n ’t know what h e sa id. 1 w asn ’t to him. (J isten) 1’ m so rry 1’ m late. 1 h ad a ph o ne ca ll. (m ake) h m a d octo r. (be) M edi cal stud ents m l1 st cO l1 rses m pm VJ m m (take) M I Pi yo ur pho n e :l ( l1 se) 째
16 . 17 .
or or
105
to ... (1 want to do) and -ing (1 enjoy doing) verbs + to . . . (1 want to want hope need • • • • • •
plan expect • promlse
d이
decide offer refuse
try forget learn
+ to ... (to do / to work / to be , etc.)
What do yo u want to do tonight? It ’s n ot very late. We don ’t need to go h ome yet. T ina h as decided to sell her ca r. You forgot to turn off the light w h en you went ou t. My brother is learning to drive. 1 tried to read my book , but 1 was too tired.
verbs + -ing (1 enjoy doing) enjoy mind • • • •
stop finish
+ -ing (doing / working/ being , etc. )
suggest
I enjoy dancing ..;'
1 enjoy dancing. (n. ot enjoy to dance) 1 don ’t mind getting up early. H as it stopped raining? Sonia suggested going to the movies
ð
o
., •
•
-•
•
verbs + -ing or to like prefer • • • • •
love hate
start begin
contlnue
+ -ing (doing , etc.)
or
to... (to do , etc.)
Do you like getting up early? or Do yo u like to get up early? 1 prefer traveling by ca r. or 1 prefer to travel by ca r. Anna loves dancing. or Anna loves to dance. 1 hate being late. or 1 hate to be late. It started raining. or It started to rain.
would like to ... , etc . would like would prefer • • l
• •
would love would hate
+ to ... (to do / to work / to be , et c.)
Julia would like to meet yo u 1’'d love to go to Australia. (1’d = 1 would) “ Would you like to sit down?" “ No , 1’d prefer to stand , thank you." 1 like this city very much. 1 wouldn ’ t like to move. 1’d hate to lose my cell phone.
would like • Unit 35 I want you to ... • Unit 54 go + -ing • Unit 56
preposition + -ing • Unit 113
U N I T
Exercises 53.1 Put the verb in the right form , to ... or -ing.
/
10. 1’ m not in a hurry. 1 don 't mind 11.
12. 13. 14. [
~J
뱅
--
. (wait) What have you decided ? (do) Gary was very angry and refused to me. (speak) 1’ m tired. 1 want to bed. (go) 1 was very upset and started (cry) Fl m t (work) Please (talk) 뎌
7.
m
뼈
6
f pi m ( b \| μm
5.
m
빠
4.
n냥/
3.
얘
았
What do you want t샘으 tonight? (do) Goodbye! 1 hope you aga ll1 500n. (see) when 1 was five 1 learned years old. (swim) the Have you finished kitchen? (clean) 매T here ’s Anna? 1 need her something. (ask) Do you enjoy other countries? (visit)
，없
2.
8. The weather was nice , so 1 suggested for a walk by the rive r. (go)
. (dance)
빠빼
dαn C/ng
1. 1 enjoy
53.2 Complete the sentences using to ... or -ing. Use these verbs: 좋e-
go
help
lose
rain
1. “ Have you ever been to Austra 1i a?"
read
see
“ No , but 1’d love
2. Jane had a lot to do , so 1 offered
send
to ao
wait
watch
”
he r.
3.
1’ m surprised that you ’ re here. 1 didn ’ t εxpect
4.
Nicole has a lot of books. She enjoys This ring was my grandmother ’s. 1’d hate it Don ’t forget us a postcard when you ’re on vacatlO n. 1’ m not going out until it stops What should we do this afternoon? Would you like to the beach? When 1’ m tired in the evening , 1 1i ke television “ Do you want to go now?" “ No , I ’d prefer a few minutes."
5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10.
you.
53.3 Complete the answers to the questions.
--?•
j 끼
4μTRι
/0
Yes , 1 like 딱양L꾀양띄ι Yes , 1 love No , I ’ m hungry. 1’d prefer to a restaurant. No , 1 don ’t 1i ke No , but 1’d love Yes , I enjoy 1 don ’ t mind taxi would be quicke r.
one day. U
까
’h
따
「/
Do you usually get up early? Do you ever go to museums? Would you like to go to a museum now? Do you write e-mails often? Have you ever been to Rome? Do you ever travel by train? Do you want to walk home or take a taxi?
d
53.4 Complete these sentences. Write about yourself. Use to ... or -ing.
•
1 enjoy 1 don ’ t like If it ’s a nice day tomorrow, 1’d like When 1’ m on vacation , 1 like 1 don ’ t mind 1 wouldn ’ t like
Additional exercise 32 (page
26이
L
U
따
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
107
I want you to ...
I told you to . . .
1 want you to |’ m leaving. 、.
....
r-
1
T h e wom an wants to leave
’-‘
The man doesn ’t want the wo m an to leave. H e wants h er to stay We say:
Pl ease don ’ t leave _e; :,
• • •
_,’ " '. " ,
1 want
you somebody Sarah
to do
somε thin g
1 want you to be h appy. (n. ot 1 want that yo u are h appy) They didn ’t want anybody to know their secret D o yo u want me to lend you so m e m o n ey?
We use would like in the sam e way : • Would yo u like me to lend yo u some m o n ey? W e also use this structure (verb + som eb ody + to .. . ) with:
ask tell advise expect persuade teach
Su e What do yo u 1 didn ’t We
verb + asked told advise expect persuaded am teaching
somebody + t o . a fri end yo u me th em Ga ry m y bro ther
to to to to to to
lend be do ? be come swim.
her so m e m o ney carefu l. h ere w ith us.
1 told you to ... / 1 told yo u not to
D??]Maltfgr me
Wait for me. )
Jane
Me
-• Jan e told m e to wait for h e r.
J
Paul
Sue
• Paul told Sue not to wait for him.
make and let After • • •
make and let , we do η o t us e to: H e ’s very funny. H e makes m e laugh. ( η o t m akes m e to laugh) At sch ool o u r teac h er made us work ve ry hard Su e let m e use h er computer b ecause mine was n ’t working. (n. ot let m e to use)
You can say Let ’s ... (= Let us) w h en yo u wa nt people to do things with yo u: • Com e o n! Let ’ s dance. l “ D o yo u want to go o ut to night?" “ N o , I ’ m tired. Let ’s stay home."
Let ’S.
•
Unit 37 He told me that ... • Unit 51
U N I T
Exercises 54.1 Write sentences beginning I want you ... / I don't want you ... / Do you want me ... ? / want vou to come with me
1.
(you have to come with me)
2.
(listen carefully) 1 want
3.
(please don ’t be angry) 1 don ’t (should 1 wait for you?) Do you
4.
5. (don ’t call me tonight) 6.
(you should meet Sarah)
54.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
、“ Ir
”n
m a
s
2. Where ’ 5 the station? .1 3.
W wm
m
뼈
n3nU
싸띠
rLnu
때
i
때 삐
’
까
4I
|’ m sick
Turn left after the bridge.
4.
Canyouhelpme?
ι7
~O μ
Dan 5.
Um. “ er OK.
Brian
~O ι
6.
I’ m busy now.
Come back in 10 minutes
7.
Can I use your phone?
You should go to the docto r.
Don ’ t call before 8:00.
8. Do you play the piano?
Yes , my mother taught me.
Of course
Ann
Paul 1. Dan persuaded
m e to 00 to the movies
2. 1 wanted to get to the station. A woman told 3.
Brian was sick. 1 advised 4. Linda had a lot of luggage. She asked 5. 1 was too busy to talk to Tom. 1 told 6. 1 wanted to make a phone call. Paullet
7. Sue is going to call me late r. 1 told 8. Ann ’s mother taught
54.3 Complete these sentences with the verbs in the list. Sometimes to is necessary (to go / to wait, etc.); sometimes to is not necessary (go/wait , et c.). arnve
borrow
get
go
용g￥e
1. Please stay here. 1 don't want you t액쩍 2. 1 didn ’ t hear what she said , so 1 asked her 3.
“ Should we begin?"
“ No , let ’s
make
repeat
tell
think
walt
ye t. It
a few minutes." much late r. married.
4. Are they already here? 1 εxpected them 5. Kevin ’s parents didn ’ t want him 6. 1 want to stay here.You can ’t make me with you. 7 “ Is that your bicycle?" “ No , it ’s]ohn ’s. He let me you 8. Rachel can't come to the party. She told me 9. Would you like something to drink? Would you like me that?" 10. “ Katε doesn ’t like me." “ What makes you
n” some coffee?
109
I went to the store to ...
~I
~~
Paula wanted som e fruit , so sh e went to the sto re. Why did sh e go to the sto re? To get som e fruit
’/끼깨)끼
She went to the store to get so m e fruit.
to ... (to get / to see , etc.) tells us u씨 y a person does something: l “ Why are yo u going o ut?" “ To get some bread ." • Amy went to the station to meet he r friend. • Sue turned on the television to watch the news. • 1’d like to go to Mexico to learn Spanish. money/ time to (do something): • We need some money to buy food. • 1 don ’ t have time to watch television. to . . . and for . . . to + verb (to get / to see , et c.) • 1 went to the store to get som e fruit. (not fo r get) • T h ey ’ re going to Brazil to see their fri ends. • We n eed some m oney to buy foo d.
for + nO fμ1 (for food / for a newspaper , etc.) • 1 went to the store for some fruit •
T h ey ’ re going to B razil for a vacation
•
W e nee d so m e m o n ey for food .
nu
‘
wait to (do something) • 1’ m waiting to talk to the manage r. • Are yo u waiting to see th e doctor? wait for (somebody/something) to ... : • 1 can't leave yet. 1’ m waiting for John to call. • Are you waiting for themail to come?
go to ... and go for . . • Unit 56 something to eat / nothing to do , et c. • Unit 80 enough + to/for ... • Unit 92 too + to/for . • Unit 93
J
야“
+ l
ψJSl
j
m r”
1이
l’
f L
없 ’때 빼
l
떼 빼
wait for . . . : • Please wait for me. • Are yo u waiting for the bus?
m
T
U N
Exercises 55.1 Write sentences beginning I went to .... Choose from the boxes. a coffee shop
/ went to the 2.
the drugstore the supermarket 딱댐따십g et
+
buy some food ’“ ’ “ “ ‘ S “ ~ ~““
” “ “ “” J ‘ “ “ ‘t ’ J
get some medicine meet a friend
some stam12.5
1 went
3. 4.
55.2 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box. to open this door to wake him up
to get some fresh air to see who it was
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
to read the newspaper
1 turned on the television to watch the news Alice sat down in an armchair Do 1 neεd a key 1 went for a walk by the river 1 knocked on the door of David ’s roO I11 The doorbell rang , so 1 looked out of the window
;
55.3 Use your own ideas to finish these sentences. Use to ....
44
κ
{{J
뼈
1
m 염뼈
1ι
1 went to the storε to 9양쪽mξlrwt 2. I ’ 111 very bus y. 1 don ’ t have time 1 ca l1 ed Ann I m obo m k m m I k r
55.4 Write to or for. 2
3 4 「
3
6 7 8. 9. 10.
1 1.
1 went to the store to get SO l11 e bread have dinne r. We went to a restaurant study economics. Robert wants to go to college I ’ m going to Boston an interview next week. I ’ m going to Toronto visit some friends of mine. Do you have time a cup of coffee? comb my hair 1 got up late this morning. 1 didn ’t have time Everybody neεds money live. 매Te didn ’t have any money a taxi , so we walked home. The office is very small. There ’s only enough room a desk and chai r. use the phone? A: Excuse l11 e, are you wa It mg somebody. B: No , I’ m waltmg
55.5 Complete these sentences. Choose from: it / to a rrive
yo u / t ell m e
1 can ’t go out ye t. 1’ m waiting J으니ohn to call 2 1 sat down in the movie theater and waited 3 We ca l1 ed an ambulance and waited 4. “ Do you know what to do?" “ No , I ’ m waltmg
the m ovi e / b egin
”
111
go to ...
go on ...
go for ...
go + -Ing
go to .. . (go to work / go to San Francisco / go to a concert , et c.) • • • • •
What time do yo u usu ally go to work? 1’ m going to China next week. J ean didn ’t want to go to the concert W hat time did yo u go to bed last night? 1 went to the dentist yesterday
go to
go to sleep = sta rt to sleep: • 1 was very tired an d went to sleep q ui ckly. go home (with out to) • 1’ m going home now. (not going to h om e) go on va cat lO n a tnp a tour an excurslo n a cr Ul se strike
go on
• • • •
We ’re going on vacation n ext week C hildren oft en go on school trips. Wh en we were in Egypt , we went on a tour of the Pyramids. Workers at th e airp ort have gone on strike (= they are refusin g to wo rk)
go for .
go (som ew h ere) for
a walk a run a sWlm lunch dinner, et c.
• l l
•
“ Where ’s J oan ?"
“ Sh e went for a walk."
D o yo u go for a run every m orning? T h e wa ter looks nice. 1’ m going for a swim. Sh ould we go o ut for dinner? 1 k now a goo d restaurant .
go + -ing We use go
+ -ing for m any sports (swimming/ skiing , etc.) and also shopping. I
m
m 엉
’h % 녕
• •
야
ιω↓씨
• •
F
η ”뼈
e
my
w
m
my R
m m
mr
shopping sWlmmlng fishing sailing skiing Joggmg runnlng , et c.
Are yo u going shopping this aft ernoo n ? It ’s a nice day. Let ’s go swimming. (or Let ’'s go for a swim.) Ri chard has a sm all boa t , and h e 0 산 e n goes sailing 1 went jogging b efore brea kfast this m orning
|’ m going
skiing t
U N I T
Exercises 56.1 Write tolonlfor where necessary. 1. 1’ m going
tι
China
2. Richard often goes
next week sailing. (110 prcposition)
_• __
3. Sue went Mexico last yea r. 4. Would you like to go the movies tonight? 5. Jack goes jogging every morning. 6. 1’ m going out a walk. Do you want to come? 7. 1’ m tired because [ went bed very late last night. 8. Jim is going a trip Turkey next week. 9 . The weather was warm , and the river was clean , so we went 1 ou The taxi drivers went strike when 1 was in N ew York 1 [ need some stamps , so 1’ m going the post office 1 It ’s late. 1 have to go home now. 1 Would you like to go a tour of the city? -Do yo u want to go out dinner this evening? My parents are going a cruise this summe r.
a SWln1
--?ι
껴 j
441
「 3
56.2 Use the pictures to complete the sentences. Use golgoeslgoinglwent + -ing. 4 -
@% )
2. last
4. I1 CXt winter I 5. later
Satul떠
6. yesterday
r;ι
\\
Richard
Diane
Gary
Nicole
Richard has a boat. He often C/ oe5 50 ilin C/ Last Saturday Diane Gary every day Nicole is going to Colorado next winte r. She is Peter is going out late r. He has to Sarah after work
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Peter
Sarah
•
yεsterday.
56.3 Complete the sentences. Use the words in the box. Use tolonlfor if necessary. ft-융‘￥ 1m
a walk
vacation home
Hawaii riding
1. The water looks nice. Let ’s go ----É2. r
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
shopping skiing
bed college
0 5Wlm
After finishing high school , Tina went , where she studied psychology. [ ’ 111 going now. [ have to buy a few things 1 was very tired last night. 1 went earl y. 1 wasn ’ t enjoying the party, so 1 went early We live near the mountains. [n w inter we go almost every weekend. Richard has a horse. He goes a lo t. 1t ’s a beautiful day! Would you like to go in the park? A: Are you going soon? B: Yes , nεxt month.We ’ re gO ll1 g __________ 매Te ’ ve never been there before.
113
get get a letter / get a job , etc. (get
+
η o un)
,
= receive/buy/ find:
'.-'1 ，.--- -ιyou 뚫t it I’『’，
Y얀1 do만 have핍잉et펜g
l • •
•
you have it
Did yo u get my p ostcard ?" “ Yes , 1 got it yesterda y." (= receive) 1 like yo ur sweate r. Where did yo u get it? (= buy) Is it difficult to get a j o b at the moment? (= find) (0 η the ph o ~씨 “ H e11o , can 1 sp eak to Lisa , please? " “ Sure. 1’ 11 get h e r." “
get hungry / get cold / get tired , etc. (get +
/.
= b ecome:
a φ ecti ve)
--
~\
you ’re not hungry • • • •
also
끼you are hungry
If yo u don ’ t ea t , yo u get hungry. Drink yo ur coffee. It ’ s getting cold. 1’ m so rry yo ur m o ther is sick. 1 h op e sh e gets better soon. It was raining ver y h ard. We didn ’ t have an umbre11a , so we got very wet . get married get dressed (= put yo ur clo thes on) get lost (= lose yo ur way)
• • •
Nicole and Frank are getting married soon. 1 go t up and got dressed quickly. We didn ’t have a m ap , so we got lost.
get to a place = arrive: • 1 usually get to work b efore 8:30. (= arrive at work) • We !eft Bosto n at 10 :1 5 and got to Ottawa at 11 :4 5.
get to
get here/there (without to) • H ow did yo u get here ? By bus? get home (witho ut to): • What time did yo u get home last night? get in/ out/ on / off
-
‘
/' / /
.----
ι -Þ::-l~~ '!lna~7 1/1/ ' "7 . ~ 서’
I
‘
.;{;
get in (a car)
1
,
\ 111
"1、~‘. ~“
.;'칸」
Iι ‘
“
‘
__' f
‘---
“ 1
--:l
“
“
’
~.， \ι.'-'11 " ‘\ 1:;11카11 i11l ;
11 )/
......-,..
I
ε，
get out (of a ca r)
get on
get off
(a bu s / a train / a plan e) • • •
Kate got in the car and drove away. (You can also say : Kate got into the car and ... ) A car stopp ed and a m an got out. (but A m an go t out of the car. ) We got on the bus outside th e h ote! and got off at C hurch Street.
get t。 • Unit 109 in/outlon/off • Units111 , 115 get up • Unit 115
;
U N I T
Exercises
7
57.1 Complete these sentences. Use getlgets and choose from the box. another one a good salary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
a doctor a new computer
a lot of rain a ticket
some milk
the job your jacket
,
D id yo u ---iI. et mv /J ostcard 1 sent it a week ago . W h ere di d yo u ? It ’s very m ce Q uick ! T his m an is sick . We have to • 1 wa nt to retu rn this ph o n e. It doesn ’t wo rk. Ca n 1 please? Tom has an inter view to m o r row. 1 ho pe h e ; W hen yo u go o ut , can yo u “ Are yo u going to th e co nce rt?" “ Yes , if 1 ca n M arga ret has a well- p aid j ob. Sh e T h e weath er is h orr ible h ere in winte r. We T h e o n e 1 have is too slow. 1’ m go m g to
,
"
57.2 Complete these sentences. Use getting + these words: f융끓
late
married
ready
>
CO
m g•O m ,’
비
f
따
Drink yo ur coffee. It ’s α ettlna cold Turn o n th e light . It ’s “ RP n ext weε k ." “ I’m “ W here ’s K aren ?" “ She ’s It ’s time to go ho m e 1t ’s
n 때
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
dark
3 •L
“
mm ”
57.3 Complete the sentences. Use get/gets/got + these words: angry 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
-l뼈한한￥
better
lost
married
old
wet
Ifyo u do n ’t ea t , yo u ---iI. et hunα rv Do n ’ t go o ut in the ra in .Yo u 'll M y broth er last yea r. Hi s w ife ’s nam e is Sa rah Da n is always ve ry ca lm . H e n ever We tried to fi nd the h o tel , but we Eve ryb ody wants to stay yo ung , but we all Yesterday the wea ther was n ’t so goo d at fir st , but it during the day.
57.4 Write sentences with Ileft . .. and got to .. 1.
ho m e / 7:30
•
wo rk / 8: 15
/ left home at 730 and aot to work at 8:15.
m
」%
ρL
때
끼“
I l
pι
l /
따러
4 4I
M V
빼
2. Toro nto / 10 :15 • New Yo rk / 12:00 1 left To ro nto at 10: 15 an d 3 . the p arty / 11 :1 5 • ho m e / midnight t
57.5 Write got in / got out of / got on / got off. 1. K a te ---iI.약 In
the car and drove away 2. 1 th ε bus and walked to my ho use from the bu s sto p. the ca r , locked the doors, and we nt into a sto re. 3. Lisa the wro ng train. 4 . 1 m ade a stupid mi stake. 1
115
do and make Do is • • • •
a gen eral word for ac tio ns What are yo u doing to night ? (not What are yo u m aking?) “ Sha11 1 op en the w indow?" “ No , it ’s O K . 1’ 11 do it." Linda ’s j ob is very bo ring. Sh e does the sa m e thing every day. 1 did a lot of thi ngs yesterday.
What do you do ? = W hat ’s yo ur j ob ?: l “ W hat do yo u do ?" “ 1 work in a b ank." Make = p ro du ce/ create. Fo r example ‘
-’ ~/:1 ..-.:tf1‘
Sh e ’s making coffee.
H e h as made a ca ke.
T hey make toys
1t was made in C hina .
Compare do and make : • 1 did a lo t yesterday. 1 cleaned my room , 1 wrote some letters, and 1 made a cake • A: 재1hat do yo u do in yo ur free time? R ea d? Play sp o rts? B : 1 make cloth es . 1 make dresses and j ac kets. 1 also make toys for my children. Expressions w ith do
do
I
h omework h o usework (somebody) a favor an exercise (yo ur) best the laun dry t h ε d i s h εs
없
-
-
「
make
a
-m
l
뼈
앤
F
mm
l
l
빼
E
• • • •
H ave the childre n done their homework? 1 h ate doing housework , especia11y clea ning. B arbara , could yo u do me a favor ? 1 h ave to do four exercises fo r ho m ewo rk to nigh t. 1 did my best , but 1 didn ’t wi n the race . Tim usually does the laundry o n Saturdays . 1 cooked , so yo u sho uld do the dishes .
k-
an app o l11 tment a p h onε ca ll a list (a) noise a bed
• • • • •
•
1’ m so rry, 1 made a mistake . 1 n eed to make an appointment to see the doc to r. Exc use m e , 1 h ave to make a phone call. H ave yo u made a shopping list? It’s late. Oon ’ t make any noise . So m etimes 1 fo rget to make my bed in the m o rning.
We say make a movie bu t take a picture: • When was this movie made ? b ω
When was this picture taken?
do/does/did (negatives and questions) • Units 44 45 make somebody do something • Unit 54
U N I T
Exercises
톨
58.1 Write make/making/made or do/doing/did/done. “ Shall 1 open the window?' ’ “ No , that ’s OK. 1’ 11 do i t." What did you last weekend? Did you leave town? Do you know how to bread? from wood. Paper is Richard didn ’ t help me. He sat in an armchair and nothing. “ What do you ?" “ I ’ m a docto r." 1 asked you to clean the bathroom. Have you it? “찌rhat do they in that factory?" “ Shoes." some coffee. Would you like some? 1’ m Why are you angry with me? 1 didn ’ t anything wrong. “ What are you tomorrow afternoon?" “ I ’ m working."
1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 9. 10. 1 1.
58.2 What are these people doing? 1
2.
3
6
7.
8
Hes mo k/n9 o coke 2. They 3. He 4.
5
5.
9.
10
6 7. 8. 9. 10.
58.3 Write make or do in the correct form. 1. 1 hate
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12.
깅쁘g housework , especia11y cleaning. Why do you always the same mistaJζe? me a favor?" “ It depends what it is." “ Can you “ Have you your homework?" “ Not yet." an appomtmen t. 1 need to see the dentist , but 1 haven ’ t Joe his best , but he didn ’ t pass his driver ’s tes t. 1 painted the door, but 1 didn ’t it very we11 How many phone calls did you yεstεrday? When you ’ ve finished Exercise 1 , you can Exercise 2. There ’s something wrong with the ca r. The engine is a strange n01se. It was a bad mistake. It was the worst mistake 1’ ve ever Let ’s a list of all the things we have to today.
111
have have and have got 1 have (something) or 1’ ve got (something) = it is mine • 1 have a new ca r. or 1’ ve got a new ca r. • Sue has long hai r. 0 1' Sue has got long hai r. • Do they have any children? or Have they got any children? • Tim doesn ’ t have a job. or Tim hasn ’ t got a job. • How much timε do you have? 0 1' How much time have you got? also
a heada ch e / a tootha ch e / a pain (in my leg , etc.) a cold / a cough / a sore throat / a fever / the t1 u , et c.
1 have I ’ ve got • •
1 have a headache. 0 1' Do you have a cold?
1’ ve got a headache 0 1' Have you got a cold?
The past is 1 had (w빼 out got) / 1 didn ’ t have / Did you have? , et c.: • When 1 first met Sue , she had short hai r. • He didn ’ t have any money because he didn ’ t have a job. • Did you have enough time to do everything you wanted? have breakfast / have a good time , etc.
뼈 뼈뼈
싸 따%
m
α빼
a
( 야
(
“ ν
야뻐 υ
have
c
「〔
m / a x a g m a
rm
야
/
라
/
끼따뼈
’b
싫
」없때
In these expressions have = eat or drink. You can ’ t use “ have go t." l
• • l
Liz?" “ She ’ s having lunch." 1 don ’ t usually have breakfast 1 had three cups of coffee this morning. “ Have a cookie." “ Oh , thank you." ‘매There ’s
안
빼뼈
ψ빼
Compare have got 0 1' have • 1’ ve got / 1 have three cups of coffee for this office. have •
•
I
’
때
qa
“ 、
qa
l
f
qd
、l
qQ
ιυ
이a
qa
μ 빵 때 ι 찌
1 a
뼈 싫빼때 썩 뱅
qa
따때때때뼈때때ι ”
We also use have (n. ot have got) in these expressions: // a m 6rL • We ’re having a party next week. P1ease come. k t I C nu ‘ (‘‘ • Enjoy your vacation. Have a good trip / a 1 ‘ • 1’ m having a bad day. Everything is going /\o ] n b wrong. 1 hope 1 have a better day tomorrow. /o // have E kb • We have a 12-hour t1 ight to Lima tomorrow. 1dr @ X : • Mark had an accident on his first day in Rome. n m a m l a 1 • Boss , can we have a discussion about my pay? ’ ba • Sandra has just had a bab y. It ’s a boy.
|’ ve
got three CU ps of coffee I for this office. .'
(η ot
have got) 1 have coffee with my breakfast every morning. (n. ot 1’ ve got coffee every morning) A: Where ’s Paul? B: He ’s on break. He ’s having a cup of coffee (= he ’s drinking it now)
have / I’ ve 90t • Unit 9 I’ ve (done) (present perfect) • Units 16-17, 19-20 I have to ... • Unit 34
I'm on break. 1’ m having a CU P of
coffee
U N I T
Exercises 59.1 Write the correct form of have or have got.
I didn't have time to do the shopping yesterday 2 “ Does Lisa have OR Has Lisa aot a car?" 1.
(1 / not / have) (Lisa / have?)
“ No , she ca n ’t drive."
뼈
I
η
「
3. He ca n ’t open the doo r. a key a cold last week. He ’s better now 4. a headache? 5. What ’s wrong? enough money. 6. We wanted to go by taxi , but L L u % % n U / much freε tJ me. any problems when you were on vacation? 0
X
U
(he / not / have) (Gary / have) (you / have?) (we / not / havε) (she / not / have) (you / have?)
59.2 What are these people doing? Choose from the list: breakfast
an argument
3.
2.
havin9 a
dinner
fun F
4.
3
율 vart￥
6.
-
•
Th~'re
a cup of tea
pαdy
2.
Shε
4. They 5
3.
Hε
6
59.3 What do you say in these situations? Use have. 1. Barbara is going on vacation . What do you say to her before she goes?
H ave a nJ ce
vα catlO n l
2. You meet Claire at the airport. She has just gotten off her plane. Ask her about the f1 ight
Did vou have a aood f! iah t2 3.
Tim is going on a long trip. What do you say to him before h e leaves?
4.
1t ’s Monday morning. You are at work. Ask Paula about her
weekεnd
5. Paul has just come back from vacation. Ask him about his vacation. 6. Rachel is going out tonight. What do you say to her before she goes? 7.
Sue ’s little boy will be one year old next week. 1s
therε
going to be a birthday party? Ask he r.
59.4 Complete the sentences. Use have/had and choose from the list. an accident a bad dream
a glass of water 융용융f훈←
a baby something to eat
a few weeks ago. We invited 50 people h썩 a /2.빡X ?” “ No , l ’ 111 not hungry." “ Should we 1 was thirsty, so I last nigh t. 1t woke nlε up 1 Tina is a very good drive r. She has never . It will be her fir st child. Rachel is going to
1. We
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
119
I/me 때
P
they/them , etc.
he/him
P
L
5U ψe ct
I
o에ect
rne
we us
you you
he hirn
5ubject 、ve
you he she they
1 knowTom We knowTom You knowTom He knows Tom. She knows Tom. They know Tom.
Tom Tom Tom Tom Tom Tom
knows rne knows us. knows you. knows hirn. knows her. knows thern.
she her
object rne us you hirn her thern
Things .
~
They ’ re nlce I like them r"
It ’ 5 nice . I like it. ’
”
subject object • • • •
lt lt
they thern
1 don ’ t want this book.You can have it 1 don't want these books.You can have thern. Diane never drinks rnil k. She doesn ’t like it. 1 never go to parties. 1 don ’ t like thern.
We use rne / her/thern , etc. (object) after a preposition (for/ to / with , et c.) • This letter isn ’ t for rne. It ’s for you. • Who is that woman? Why are you looking at her? • We ’ re going to the movies. Do you want to come with us? • Sue and Kevin are going to the movies. Do you want to go with thern? • “ Where ’s the newspaper?" “ You ’re S1tung on it ” give it/ thern to . • 1 want that book. Please give it to rne. • Robert needs these books. Can you give thern to hirn , please?
my/his/their, et c. • Unit 61 Give me that book / Give it to me • Unit 97
they thern
U N I T
Exercises 60.1
Complete the sentences with himlherlthem. 1. 1 don ’ t know those girls. 00 you know
2. 1 don ’t 3. 1 don't 4. 1 don ’ t 5. 1 don ’ t 6. 1 don ’ t 7. 1 don ’t
know know know know know know
t쁘쁘
?
? that man. 00 you know ? those people. 00 you know P Oavid ’s wifìε.00 you know P M r. Stεvens. 00 you know ? Sarah ’s parents. 00 you know the woman in thε black coa t. 00 you know
?
60.2 Complete the sentences. Use I/ melyoulshelher, et c. 1. 1 want to see her , but
5샌_ doesn ’t want to see
앤
| 2
3 4
5 6 7
8
They want to see me , but She wants to see him , but We want to sεe them , but He wants to see us , but They want to see her , but 1 want to see them , but You want to see her , but
don ’ t want to seε doesn ’ t want to see don ’ t want to see don ’t want to see doesn ’ t want to see don ’t want to see doesn't want to see
• •
•
60.3 Write sentences beginning llike ... , I don ’ t like ... , or Do you like ... ? 1. 1 don ’t eat tomatoes.
I don't Iik e them
2. George is a very nice man. 1 like 3. This jacket isn ’t very nice. 1 don ’t 4. This is my new ca r. 00 5. Mrs. Clark is not vεry friendl y. 1 6. These are my new shoes.
•
p
?
60.4 Complete the senterκes. Use I/ melhelhim , et c. p 1. Who is that woman? Why are you looking at _갤E 2 “ 00 you know that man?" “ Yes , 1 work with 3. Where are the tickets? 1 can ’ t find ? 4. 1 can ’ t find my keys. Where are 5. We ’re going out.You can come with 6. 1 have a new compute r. 00 you want to see plays the piano. 7 κ1aria likes musi c. 8. 1 don ’t like dogs. 1’ m afraid of 9. [’ 111 talking to you. Please listen to 10. Where is Anna? 1 want to talk to 11. You can have these OVOs. 1 don ’t want doesn ’ t like 12. My brother has a new job , but
”
P
very much.
‘
60.5 Complete the sentences. 1. 1 need that book. Can you ---Ø. lVe ft to m e 2. He wants the key. Can you give 3. She wants the keys. Can you 4. 1 want that lette r. Can you 5. They want the money. Can you 6. We want the photos. Can you
? ? ?
p ? ?
121
my/his/their, etc.
our umbrella 1
my umbrella
ι‘’‘- ’
~‘
‘
your umbrella
hi s umbrella
,>"
her umbrella - “
←-“-~
*‘-얘-‘
“
l
1 like
vou he she
-•
they
-+
their
They like
-•
lts
Hawaii (= it) is famou s for its bεachεS.
、ve
lt
-• -+
-’
We like You like your He likes his She likεs her
We use my / your / his , et c. my hands our clothes
my our
hou se. hou se. hou se. hou se. hou se.
my our your his her
-+
+
their hou se.
η oun:
his new car your best 삼iend
her parents their room
his / her / their
Donna
Andy
Mr. and Mrs. Lee
her car (= Donna ’s car)
his bicycle
their son
her husband (= Donna ’s husband)
his sister
their daughter
her children (= Donna ’s children)
his parents
their children
its and it ’s lts it ’'s
(=
it is)
Hawaii is famous for its b eac h es. I like Hawaii. It’'s a beautiful place. (= It is a beautiful place.)
mine/yours, et c. • Unit 62
I/me/my/mine • Unit 63
their umbre lla
U N I T
Exercises 61.1 Complete the sentences in the same way.
m. v hands
I'm going to wash
1.
4. H e ’ s going to wash
2 . She ’ s going to wash 3. W e ’ re going to wash
hands.
Th ey ’ re going to wash 6. Are yO l1 going to wash 5.
?
61.2 Complete the sentences in the same way. He lives with his 2 They live with 3. W e 4. Jane li ves
parents
5 6. John 7 Do yO l1 li ve 8. Mo st children
F
pa rents. parents
pa rents. .
?
61.3 look at the family tree , and complete the sentences with hislherltheir.
團 g
Sarah
톨f
l
Tim
‘ Ld
”“
J
- ‘
훌&
3 ‘ ----‘ r
4
l
애
F편
1#
。
Gary
= Philip
떠
짧l
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
’‘
l건~
1 saw 1 saw 1 saw 1 saw 1 saw 1 saw 1 saw 1 5aw
1.
Beth
Sarah with her hu sband , Philip Laura and Steve with ch ildren ‘ Stev e with wife , La l1 ra brother , Tim. Gary with Laura with brother‘, Ti l11. Sarah and Philip with so n , Tim. La l1 ra with parents. B eth a nd Rob ert with parents
Robert
61.4 Write mylourlyourlhislherltheirlits. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
r、)
i i
이d
, ?•
4
”
써씨
i
μ 삐
’’ 1l
따 않
6. 7 8. 9. 10.
Do yo u Ii ke ~잉브r job? 1 know M r. Watson , but 1 don ’t know wife. so n Iives in M exico. Ali ce and Tom Iive in San Fran cisco. We ’ re going to have a party. We ’ re going to invite all friends. Anna is going out with friends tonight 1 Ii ke tennis. It ’s favorite spor t. “ Is that ca r?" “ No , I don ’t havc a car- ” I want to call Maria. Do you know phon e nU l11 ber? Do yo u think m05t p eo ple are happy with jobs:J 1’ m going to wash hair before I go ou t. R ”” a ‘ b m leaves are a bea utiful colo r. M n ·h% a b 0 Lm mI brother is 25 , and )
61.5 Complete the sentences. Use coat
homework
9~
mylhisltheiκ
house
sister is 21
et c. with these words:
husband
→8용
key
name
. I t ’s not very lI1 terest ll1 g Jim doesn ’ t like 펙꾀k 1 ca n't get in. 1 don ’ t have works in a bank Sally is married and sit down Please take off " 5. “ What are the children doing?" “ T hey ’ re doing " 6 “ Do yO l1 know that l11 an? " “ Yes , but 1 don ’ t know 7 . We live on Main Street. is on th e co rner of Main and First. 1 2. 3. 4. ‘
123
It's mine/yours/hers, etc.
Whose is this? ours
mlne
yours
his
hers
theirs
‘
we you he she they - - - -
-• -• -• -• -• -+
my our your his her their
•
mlne ours yours his hers theirs
-• -• -• -•
-
-+ -+ •
..
. .
;
It ’s my It ’s our It ’s your It’s his It ’s her It ’s their
m o ney. m on ey. m o ney. m o ney. m o ney. m on ey
It ’s mine It ’s ours It ’s yours. It ’s his It ’s hers. It ’s theirs
.~
We use my/ your , etc. , + noun (my hands / your book , et c.): • My hands are cold. • Is this your book? • Helen gave me her umbrella. • It ’s their problem , not our problem. We use mine / yours , et c., without a noun: • Is this book mine or yours? (= my book or your book) • 1 didn ’t have an umbrella , so Helen gave me hers. (= h er umbrella) • It ’s their problem , not ours . (= not our problem) • We went in our car , and they went in theirs. (= their car) You can use his with or without a noun: • “ Is this his camera or hers ?" “ It ’s his." A friend of mine / a friend of his / some friends of yours , et c. • 1 went to the movies with a friend of mine. (nol a friend of me) • Tom was in the restaurant with a friend of his. (11ot a friend of him) • Are those people friends of yours ? (not friends of you) Whose ... ? • Whose book is this? (= Is it your book? his book? my book? , et c.) 、
You can use whose with or without a noun ---’ • Whose money is this? ’ • s m ‘ Whose is this? ‘ • Whose shoes are these? -----‘ , They ’re John ’s Whose are these? i
f l
i
?
l
--ι-
i
r
Whose book is thi s?
i i i i i
J
my/his/their, et c. • Unit 61
I/me/my/mine • Unit 63 Kate ’'s camera / my brother’s car • Unit 65
U N I T
Exercises ’S
m L“
… m
1
T
삐，야
R
L
J
매
야
mι
πω
↓싸
ρι
’뼈
j 끼
O XU
R
빠 뺑 뼈
.
S. 6
m
… ω
.
「/
1t ’ s your money. It ’s -----,l:"ou r.5 2. 1t ’ s my bag. It ’ s h m m VUS ki R 4 @ 1.
，야 ，야 ιμ Rω πω
62.1 Complete the sentences with mine/yours , et c.
’
R
?e
It ’ s hi s coat. It ’ s
62.2 Choose the right word. It ’S their l해하f← problem , not 걷효르으브뜨 (their and ours are right) This is a nice camera . Is it y으브브X으브표? That ’S not 띤μ쁘핀트 umbrella. 띠μ띤핀효 is black. Whose books are these?Yö , ur/ Your S or 쁘ι핀핀맏 Catherine is going out with he브h던효 friends tonigh t. 민μ띤핀e r00111 is bigger than 쁘E객효rs They ’ ve got two children , but 1 don ’t know their/ theirs names. Can we use your washing machine? 0브μ으브뜨 1sn ’ t working
1.
2. 3. 4. S. 6. 7. 8.
62.3 Complete these sentences. Use friend(s) of mine/yours , etc. 1. 1 went to the movies with a ---1r쁘d마 mlne
They went on vacation with some ---1riends 0f theirs She ’s going out with a 재fe had dinner with some 1 played tennis with a Tom is going to meet a 00 you know those people? Are they
2. 3. 4 S. 6. 7.
P
62.4 Look at the pictures. What are the people saying? Whose car
K
U
”
「
It's theirs
2.
애
1.
/
”n t’ S
1
3.
these 7
5
6. j
125
I/me/my/mine 1 can see him, but he can ’ t see me.
.1
써’
You give me your phone number, and 川 give you mine . I ‘
1, et c. (• Unit 60)
me. etc. (-• Unit 60)
my , et c. (• Unit 61)
“”‘
1
mlne , et c. (• Unit 62)
1 knowTom.
Tom knows me.
It ’s my car.
It ’s mine.
We knowTom.
Tom knows us
It ’s our ca r.
It’S ours.
You know Tom.
Tom knows you.
It ’s your ca r.
It ’s yours.
It (
L u
·u
It ’s his car.
She knows Tom
Tom knows her.
[t ’s her car
It ’s hers.
Tom knows them.
It ’s their car
It ’s theirs
K ’K
“
m w T3 m
、
Tom knows him
다
He knows Tom.
J
Study these examples: • “ Do you know that man?" “ Yes , I know him , but 1 can't remember his name." • She was very happy because we invited her to stay with us at our house. • A: Where are the children? Have you seen them? B: Yes , they are playing with their friends in the park. • That ’s my pen. Can you give it to me , please? • “ Is this your hat?" “ No , it ’s yours." • He didn ’ t have an umbrella , so she gave him hers. (= she gavε her umbrella to him) • 1’ m going out with a friend of mine tonight. (not a friend of me) myself/yourself, etc
•
Unit 64 Give me that book / Give it to me • Unit 97
U N I T
Exercises 63.1 Answer the questions in the same way. 2.
I know hlm but I can't remember hls name
Yes , I know remember
Yes.
, butl can ’ t
4
Do you know me? Do you know those people? Yes , 1
U
m
1
Yεs ，
1
h
따
L
U
nalTIes.
씨
빼
없
、i
때
얀
” ι
μm
ω
I mU m t‘ O 5 r nw m rL0 ”w I m m m y 버
/0
ιω 때
gJ
F
α 셔
44T
」 ω
?-xι
63.2 Complete the sentences in the same way. 1. We invited her to stav wlth us at our house f e nm Y M. h m t r‘ ) at his house. k / m m hl e m M
i
house. house. house. house?
63.3 Complete the sentences in the same way. he 9 ave me hls addrεss. and 1 gave him mv 4
2
address , and she gave me address , and 1 gave address , and they gave addrεss ， and he gave address , and wε gave address , and you gave
1 gave her ηlV 3 Hε gave me hls 4 We gave them 5. She gave him 6. You gave us 7. They gave you ι
63.4 Write him/her/yours, et c.
”
’때
J시
f I I
”
π뼈 r
c3
야
벼
「/
P 1. Where ’s Amanda? Have you seεn h갇 ? 2. 재fhere are my keys? Whεre did 1 put ; 3. This letter is for Bill. Can you give it to 4. We don ’ t see neighbors much. They ’ re not at home very often. =>. “ 1 can't find my pen. Can 1 use ?" “ Sure-” 6. We ’ re going to the movies. Why don ’ t you come with ? D vl mr t driver ’s test? axU & m e FF m et jobs all the time. 9. Last night 1 went out for dinner with a 삼 iend of
127
myself/you rself/themselves , etc. Help yourself!
"
/ ; /*1
They ’re enjoying themselves.
He ’s looking at himsel f.
-• -• -•
me him her
you
-•
you
we they
-•
us them
he she
-’
-+
-• -•
myself himself herself { yourseIf
-+ -+
-•
t ~ourselves ourselves themselves
I
• • • • • • •
1 looked at myself in the mirro r. He cut himself with a knife . She f(ε11 off her bike , but she didn ’t hurt hersel f. Please help yoursel f. ω ne peηoη) Please help yourselves. “ψo or more people) We had a good vacation. We enjoyed ourselves. They had a nice time. They enjoyed themselves.
Compare: me / him / them , etc. She' is looking at
-
myself/ himself/ themselves , et c. is looking at Lhimse It:
~him
different people • • •
-
-
the same person
You n ever talk to me. I didn ’t pay for them. I ’ m sorry. Did I hurt you?
• • •
Sometimes I talk to mysel f. They paid for themselves. Be carefu l. Don ’ t hurt yoursel f.
by myself / by yourself, et c. = alone • I went on vacation by mysel f. (= I went alone) • “ Was she with friends?" “ N 0 , she was by hersel f." each other • Kate and Helen are good friends. Thεy know each other we11. (= Kate knows Helen / Helen knows Kate) • Paul and I live near each other. (= he lives near me / I live near him) Compare each other and -selves: Tim
Sue
Tim •
Tim and Sue looked at each other (= he looked at her , she looked at him)
me/him/them , etc
•
Unit 60
•
Sue
Tim and Sue looked at themselves. (= he looked at himself, she looked at hersel f)
U N I T
Exercises 64.1
Complete the sentences with myself/yourself. etc.
flImsdL
1. H e looked at
in th e mirror
2. 1’ m not angry with yo u ‘ I’ 111 angry with 3. K are n had a good ti l11 e in Brazi 1. She enjoyed 4 . My friend s had a good ti l11 e in Brazi 1. They enjoyed 5.
1 picked up a very hot plate and burned
6 . H e never thinks about other people. He only thinks about 7. 1 want to know more about you. T，ε11 me about 8.
ψ ne p e rs o 띠
, (tUJo people)
Goodbye! Have a good trip and take ca re of
64.2 Write sentences with by myself / by yourself. et c.
I went on vacation bv mν5elf
1. 1 went on vacation alone. 2.
Whe n 1 saw him , h e wa s alon e.
When 1 saw hi l11, h e
3.
Oon ’t
4.
Oon ’t go out alone. 1 、vent to the 1110vies alon e.
5.
κ1y
κ1y
6.
Many peoplε live alone
sister li ves alone .
sister
κ↑ any
people
64.3 Write sentences with each other. κ 이
」
Q
l
”
r n L -
κ
q
a
t
I can ’ t see her
2.
nm
L
I call him a lot
I can ’ t see him
I call her a lot
\1 7hev Ifke each 4
otheι
They c an ’[
I don ’ t know him.
|’ m sitting
5.
I don ’ t know him.
They
next to him.
I 6.
I gave her a presen t.
넌，’ |’ m sitting
I gave her a present ‘
next to her.
64.4 Complete the sentences. Use: each other or ourselves/yourselves/themselves
or
us/you/them
each other
1.
Paul and 1 live near
2.
Who are those people? 00 you know
3.
You can help TO l11, and TO I11 can h elp you. So you and TO l11 ca n help
t뾰쁘
?
4. There ’s food in the kitch e n. 1f you and Chris are hungry, you ca n help 5. W e didn ’t go to Linda ’s part y. She didn ’t iIWIte 6 . When we go on vacation , we always enjoy n 。、v. Mary and Jane went to sc hool to야 ther， but they n ever see for a long time. 8. Diane and 1 are very goo d friend s. W e ’ ve known 9. “ Oid you see Sa l11 and Laura at the party? " “ Yes , but 1 didn ’ t speak to
7.
10.
。
Many people talk to
”
when they ’ re alone. 129
-닝
(Kate ’5 camera / my brother's car, etc.)
My ca mera
My car MANAGER
Kate -、 、
종f
R My brother my bro th er ’s ca r (his car)
Kate ’ s cam era (her ca m era)
the m an ager ’ s offi ce (his or her offi ce)
We normally use -’s for people : • 1 staye d at my sister ’s ho use. (η ot the h o use o f my sister) • Have yo u met Mr. Black ’ s wife? (not the w ife of M r. Bl ack) • Are yo u go ing to James ’s party? • Paul is a man ’ s name. Paula is a woman ’ s nam e. You ca n use -’s w itho ut a noun after it • Sophie ’s hair is longer th an Kate ’ s. (= Kate ’s h air) • “ 찌T h ose umbrella is this?" “ It ’s my mother ’ s." (= my mother ’'s umbrella) • “ Wh ere were yo u las t night?" “ 1 was at Paul ’ s." (= Paul ’s house) friend ’s and
산 iends ’
Our house
My house
ξ흘혈훌b
two or more Jr iends
my friend ’ s ho use = one Jriend (= his hou se o r her h o use)
my friends ’ h o use (= their h o use)
We w rite ’ s after friend / student/ mother , etc. , (s iηIg uLar): my m o ther ’ s ca r φ ne mother) my father ’ s car φ ne ιl th er)
W e w rite ’ after fri ends / students / parents , etc. ψ L ura L) : my parents ’ car “ψo parents)
“
"'...,.-.... - --~ ，'
ι
~.=-
---, ' - '
W e use of ... fo r things , places , etc.: • Look at the roof of that building. (not th at building ’ s roo f) • We didn ’ t see th e beg inning of the movie . (nOI th e movie ’s beginning) • What ’s the name of this town? • Do yo u know the ca use of the problem ? • Yo u can sit in the back of the car. • Madrid is the capital of Spain.
mine/yours , et c. • Unit 62 whose ... ? • Unit 62 -’s(he’5/ Kate ’5, et c.) • Appendix 4.5
U N I T
Exercises
65.1 look at the family tree. Complete the sentences about the people in the family. Pedro is Blanca
2. ]ulia is Daniel ’ s 3. Bla nca is
Pedro
짧 J u Iia
Alberto
Blanca 상
Paul
Daniel Blanca and Pedro are m arri ed. They have a son ,Alberto , and a daughter,]ulia ]ulia is married to Paul ]ulia and Paul have a son , Daniel
hu s b가a， nd
mother
4. Alb erto is ]ulia ’ s 5. Alb erto is 6. ]uli a is 7 Blan ca is Daniel ’ s 8. ]uli a is Alb erto ’ s 9 Paul is 10. P aul is Daniel ’ s 1 1. D ani el is
wife. uncle wife.
hu sband. n eph ew.
65.2 look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use one word only.
1.
Alice
Andy
Jane
Who se is thi s?
Diane
3
And thi s?
5
4
And th ese?
6
Dave And thi s?
Alices 2.
Who se is thi s?
‘
And th ese?
65.3 Are these sentences OK? Change them where necessary. m Y sisters house 1. 1 sta yed a t th e hou se of mv siste r. OK 2 , What 1S the name of thi s vi Jl age? 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 1 1.
12. 13. 14.
Do yo u like th e colo 1' of thi s coa t ? Do yo u know the pho n e numb e 1' of Simon ) The iob of mv broth er IS ve ry 1nterest 1l1 g. W 1' ite you 1' name at th e top o f the page. Fo 1' mε ， mor 11l ng IS th e bes t part of the dav The 더vo 1' ite colo r of Pau l 1 is blue. Wh e n is the bi 1' thdav o f vour moth er > T h e hO L1 se of mv parents Isn ’ t ve 1' y big The walls of this h o use are ve 1' y thin. The ca 1' stopped at the e nd of th e s t 1'eε t Are yo u going to the pa1' tv of Svlvia n ext week? The manage 1' of th e h o te! is not h e1'e right now.
,
131
a/an
H e has a cam era. a ... • • • •
Sh e ’s wait ing fo r a taxi.
It ’s a b eautiful day
= o n e thing o r p erson : R ach el wo rks in a bank. (not in bank) Ca n [ ask a question? (not ask qu esti o n) 1 do n ’t have a computer. T h ere ’s a woman at th e bu s stop.
an (not a) b efo re a / e / i / o / u • Do yo u want an apple o r a b anan a? • 1’ m going to buy a h at and an umbrella • T h ere was an interesting prog ram on TV last night. also bu t
an hour (h is n o t prono unced: an )(o ur) a university (p ro no unce d y μnivcη ity) a European co untry (pro no unced y μ rop ea n )
another (= an + other) is o n e wo rd: • Can 1 h ave another cup of co ffee? We use a / an . .. w hen we say w h at a thing o r a p erso n is. For example: • T he sun is a star. |’ m a dentist • Foo tball is a game. J • Dall as is a city in Texas. • A m o use is an animal. It ’s a small anima l. • ] oe is a very nice person . We use a / an .. . fo r j obs, et c. • A : W hat do yo u do? B ’ I ’ m a dentist. (not [’ m dentist) l “ What does M ark do?" “ H e ’s an engineer ” • W o uld yo u like to b e a teacher? • B ee th ove n was a composer • Picasso was a famous painter. • Are yo u a student?
a bottle I some water (countable/uncountable) • Units 68-69 a/an and the • Unit 70
U N I T
Exercises 66.1 Write a or an.
an
1.
old book window horse
2. 3.
7.
alrport newalrport orgamzat lO n
4
5 6.
umverslty hour economic problem
8.
9.
66.2 What are these things? Choose from the box. bird planet
fruit tool
flower • nver
•
game vegetable
mountaln musical instrument
A duck is a blrd A carrot is Tennis is A hammer is Everest is
1.
2.
3. 4.
5.
6. Saturn is 7. A banana is 8. The Amazon is
•
A rose is 10. A trumpet is 9.
66.3 What are their jobs? Choose from the box and complete the sentences. architect photographer
den단ff
sales clerk 2
electrician taxi driver
Can I help you? i
4. '" , 11' ‘
l ‘ x소
5he상
5.
a dentlst
3
’
-
3
~→ --
7.
6
5
He ’ s She
2
nurse
6
7
8. And you? 1’m
4
66.4 Write sentences. Choose from the two boxes. Use a/an where necessary.
Tom never wears 1 can ’ t ride My brother is 1.
Rebecca works in Jane wants to learn Mike lives in Tonight 1’ m going to
+
old house party office hat
artlst foreign language bicycle
I want to ask vou a auestlon
2.
3. 4. 5 6. 7
8 133
train(s)
bus(es) (singular and plural)
The plural of a noun is usually -s:
• -• -• -•
singular (= one) a flower a traln one week a nice place this student Spelliη!g
-• •
(=
plμ ral
two or more) some flowers two tralns a few weeks some nice places these students
a flower
some flowers
(see Appendix 5):
-s / -sh / -ch / -x •
bus • buses dish -• dishes church • churches box • boxes potato • potatoes tomato -• tomatoes
es
also y-•
but -ay / -ey / -oy • f / -fe •
• les
ys
baby • babies dictionary -• dictionaries • party -• partles day • days monkey • monkeys boy •
ves
shelf •
shelves
knife •
knives
boys
wife -• wives
These things are plural in English:
sC1 ssors • •
glasses
pants
Jeans
shorts
tights
papmas
Do you wear glasses? Where are the scissors? 1 need them.
You can also say a pair of scissors / a pair of pants / a pair of pajamas , et c. • 1 need a new pair of jeans. or 1 need some new jeans. (not a new jeans) Some plurals do
η ot
end in -s:
this man • these men a woman • some women a child • many children
one foot • two feet a tooth • all my teeth a mouse • some mice
that sheep • those sheep a fish • a lot of fish
also a person • two people / some people / a lot of people , etc • She ’s a t11 ce person. but . They are nice people. (η ot nice persons) People is plural (= they) , so we say people are / people have , et c. • A lot of people speak English. (not speaks) • 1 like the people here. They are very friendly. Police is plural: • The police want to talk to anybody who saw the accident. (not The police wants)
T
U N
Exercises
67
67.1 Write the plura l.
f10wers
fl owe r 2. boat 3.
9 . family 10. foot 11. holiday 12. potato
5. umbrella 6 . add ress 7. knife 8 . sandw ich
、νo m a n
4. cit y
67.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. 2
4.
Gary
6
Lucy
A
4 'f
맥없
“ μ ιω
페뼈
댄
껴/-끼 J
T here are a lot of 쁘엎g l m uY r
ι 〔 낀
1.
in the field. at the bus stop .
t
'"
4. Lu cy has two 5. There are a lot of in the rive r. 6. The are falling from th e tree.
67.3 Are these sentences OK? Change the sentences where necessary. 1’ m go ing to buy so me f1。、ve r s. 2 . 1 need 김읍줍꽤 1.
3. 4. 5‘ 6. 7. 8. 9.
10 11 . 12 . ‘
13. 14.
OK / need a new /?air of ieans I need some new ieans
OR
1t ’s a lovely park w ith a lot of bea utiful tree. T h ere was a woman in th e ca r with two mens. Sheep eat grass David is m arri ed an d ha s three childs Most of my fr iend are stude n t. H e put o n his pajama and went to b ed We went fishing , but we didn ’ t catc h many fish. Do yo u know many p ersons in this town? 1 like yo ur p an t. Wh ere did yo u get it? Montreal is usually full of tourist [don ’ t like mi ce. 1’ m afra id of th em T his scissor isn ’ t very sha rp.
67.4 Which is righ t? Complete the sentences. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10.
[t ’ s a nice pla ce . Many peopl e -9.으 th ere o n vacation . Some people always lat e. T h e new city hall is not a very b ea utiful building. Mo st people lik e it A lot of p eople television every day. injured in the accident Three p e oplε in that h ouse? How many peopl e th e p 이 i ce k now the cause of the explosion? looking for the stolen ca r. T he policε [n eed m y glasses , but 1 ca n ’ t find new jeans today. 1’111 go ing to bu y
go or goes ? is or are ? don ’ t or doesn ’ t ? watch or watches ?
or 、lV ere ? live or lives ?
、lV as
Do 0 1' Does ? is or are ? it 0 1' them ' a or some ?
135
a bottle I some water (countable/uncountable 1) A n o un can b e countable o r uncoun table. Countable no uns For example: (a) car
(a) rnan
(a) bottle
(a) house
(a) key
(an) idea
(an) accident
Yo u can use one / two / three , et c. + countable nouns (you can count them):
two bottles
one bottle
three rnen
fo ur houses
Countable no uns can be singu lar (= one) o r plural (= two o r m o re) :
Singu lar I a car Plural I cars • • •
the car two cars
rny car , et c. the cars sorne cars
rnany cars , etc
1’ ve got a car. N ew cars are very exp ensive . T h ere aren ’t rnany cars in the parking lo t.
You can't use the singular (car/ bottle / key , et c.) alo n e.You n ee d a / an : • We can ’ t get into the h o use witho ut a key . (not w itho ut key) Uncountable no uns For example: water
atr
r1
ce
salt
plastic
rnoney
rnuslc
tennis
@격
9 a ，F·매 f “rater
rnoney
salt
You can 't say one/ two / three , et c. + these things: Uncoun table no u ns h ave o nly one form: rnoney the rnoney my rnoney some rnoney • • •
f￦융 mu앙te
much rnoney , etc
1 h ave sorne rnoney . T h erc isn ’t rnuch rnoney in the b ox. Money isn ’t everything.
You can ’t use a / an
+ uncountable no uns: X rnoney X rnusic X water
때
Jω (아
Unit 66 countable/uncountable 2 • Unit 69
, et c. + uncountable no un: . m a Lu a nr m m a ge
때없獅
빼 돼 양
， ψ ω 따 ”씨
《야
따뼈때
B ut yo u can say a piece of . .. / a bottle of . .. a m a bottle of water [R a a piece of ch eese a a bowl of rice
a/an •
@유응→하웅 t c r
rnuslc
U N I T
Exercises
68.1 What are these things? Some are countable and some are uncountable. Write alan if necessary. The names of these things are: bucket sand
egg • eOOf•
envelope toothbrush 2
a sg oon
P
S
F
wallet
water 4
I t ,S
I t,
8.
c
P
6
7
l t ’ (‘
I •L ,S
I t,
9
10
11
I t ’S
I •t ,S
l t’
3
---t ,
r
、
3
[
、ι
J
--s-와f
3.
I t,
It ’s .... sa It
pitcher
money toothpaste
J
12.
It,
、
、
c
[
“
J
68.2 Some of these sentences are OK , but some need alan. Write alan where 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1 don ’ t have watch. a watch Do yo u like cheese? OK 1 never wear ha t. Are yo u look ing for job? Kate doesn ’ t eat meat Kate ea ts apple every day 1’ m goin g to part y tonight Mu sic is wonder[ul thing.
necessarμ
9. Jamaica is island. 10. 1 don ’ t need key 11. Everybody needs food. 12. 1’ ve got good ide a. 13. Can yo u drive ca r? 14. Do you want cup of coffee? 15. 1 don't like coffee without milk 16. Don ’ t go out without coa t.
68.3 What are these things? Write a ... of . .. for each picture. Use the words in the boxes. ?
3
F、
bar cup loaf
bowl glass • plece
•
Jar • plece
a carton of milk 2
3
F
4.
9.
7
6.
J.
‘、
bread paper tea
+
honey soap water
Inilk soup wood
4
7.
5 6
8. 9.
137
a cake / some cake / some cakes (countable/uncountable 2) a / an and sorne a / an + singular co untable no u η5 (car/ apple / shoe , et c.) : • 1 n ee d a new car. • Wo uld you like an apple?
an apple
sorne + plural co untable n o u η5 (cars / apples / shoes , et c.) : • 1 n eed sorne n ew shoes. • Wo uld yo u like sorne apples ?
sorne apples
sorne + μ n co unta ble η o uns (water / rnoney / rnusic , et c.) : • 1 nee d sorne water. • W o uld yo u like sorne cheese ? (or Wo uld yo u like a piece of ch eese?)
sorne ch eese or a piece of ch eese
C ompare a and sorne : • Nicole bo ught a hat , sorne shoes , and sorne perfurne. • 1 read a newspaper , m ade sorne phone calls , and listen ed to sorne rnusic. M any n o uns are som etimes countable and som etimes uncountable. For example: ‘、‘-
sorne cakes
sorne cake or a piece of cake
sorne chickens
sorne chicken or a piece of chicken
a cake
u
a chicken
Compare a paper (= a n ewsp ap er) and sorne paper: • 1 want so m ething to rea d. 1’ m go ing to buy a paper. bu t . 1 want to m ake a sh opping list. 1 need sorne paper / a piece of paper. (no t a p ap er) Be careful w ith: advice
bread
furniture
hair
inforrnation
news
T h ese n o uns are usually uncountable. So yo u can ’ t say a / an . . . they can ’t b e plural (용냥혐%융， 빼품빼똥융; e t c.). • • • • • • • •
weather
work
(-tl-김%싫; 켠품융냥￥ ice
Can 1 talk to yo u ? 1 nee d sorne advice . (no t an advice) 1’ m going to buy sorne bread. (not a bread) T h ey ’ve go t sorne very ni ce furniture in their ho use. (not furnitures) Sylvia h as very lo ng hair. (not hairs) 1’d like sorne inforrnation ab o ut ho t els in Mexico C it y. (not info rmations) Listen! 1’ ve go t sorne goo d news . (not a good new s) It ’s nice weather to day. (not a nice wea ther) “ D o yo u like yo ur j o b ?" “ Yes , but it ’s h ard wor k." (not a hard work)
We say a job (bu t not a work): • 1’ ve go t a new job. ( η ot a n ew wo rk)
countable/uncountable 1 •
Unit 68 some and any • Unit 77
) and
U N I T
Exercises 69.1 What did you buy? Use the pictures to write sentences (1 bought ... ). 2.
3.
4.
’￡괜STE (1 j
•“
s。 tS
1.
2.
I bouaht some verfume, a hat, and some shoes 1 bought
3 4‘
69.2 Write sentences with Would you like a . . . ? or Would you like some ... ? 4
A 악
덕J
「/
/。
Would you lik e 3. Would
?
「/
Would you like some cheese
(J r
5.
6
? ? ?
69.3 Write a/an or some. 1. 1 rea d
요
book
and 1i ste n ed
to
후으쁘ζ
ITIU SI C.
food. I n ee d 1110n ey. 1 want to buy We l11 e t inte res ting p eopl e at the party 1’ 111 going to open window to get fr es h ai r. Ra c h el didn ’ t ea t l11 u ch for lun c h - only apple and W e li ve in big hou se. There ’s ni ce ya rd with I’ 111 go ing to l11 ake a tabl e . First 1 nee d wood ‘ advice. 8 Liste n to 111ε ca re full y. I ’ m g Ol ng to glve you 9 . 1 want to write a le tte r. I n ee d paper and pen 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
bread bea u ti fu 1 trees
69.4 Which is righ t? 1. 1'111 going to buy so m e n e w 켜셔융e--/ shoes . (shoes is right) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Mark has brown 뾰e /양E효 Paula has short bla ck 1lair / hairs. The tour guide gave u s so m e infor l11 ation / information s about the city W e ’ re going to bu y so m e n ew c hair / chairs W e ’ re going to buy so m e n ew filuniture / furnitures
7. 1t ’s hard to find a 쁘으Eι1.j으 b th ese da ys 8. W e had wonderful weather / a wonderful weather when we were on vacation.
139
a/an and the a / an
the Ca n you open the window?
Can you open a window? T here are three windows h ere. a window = window 1 or 2 or 3
T here is o nly one w indow h ere the windo w.
• • • • •
• •
1 have a car . (there are many cars an d 1 have on e) Can 1 ask a question? (there are many questions - can 1 ask one?) Is there a hotel near here? (th ere are m any h otels - is there one n ear h ere?) Paris is an interesting city. (th ere are m any in teresting citi es and Paris is on e) Lisa is a student . (there are m any stu dents and Lisa is on e)
l
• •
I’ m going to wash the car tom orrow. (= my car) Ca n yo u rep eat the question , please? (= the qu estio n that yo u asked) We enjoyed our vacatio n. The hotel was very nice. (= our ho tel) Paris is the capital of France . (th ere is only on e capital of Fran ce) Lisa is the youngest student in h er class. (there is only on e yo ungest student in h er class)
Co mpare a and the:
•
1 bought a jacket and a shirt . The jacket was ch eap , but the shirt was exp ensive.
(= the j acket and the shirt that 1 bought) We say the ... when it is clear which thing o r p erso n we m ean. For example: the door / the ceiling / the floor / the carpet / the light , et c. (oJ a room) the roof / the backyard / the kitchen / the bathroom , et c. (oJ a h OU 5잉 the airport / the police station / the bus station / the mayor ’ s office , etc. (oJ a cit끼 l
• • •
“ Wh ere ’s To m ?"
“ ln the kitchen ."
(= the kitch en of this ho use or ap artment) Turn off the light and close the door. (= the light and the doo r of the ro om ) Do you live far from the airport? (= the airp ort of your town) 1’d like to sp eak to the manager , please. (= the m anager of thi s store, etc.)
the ceiling
종the light
團
the floor
a/an • Unit 66 the • Units 71-74
the door
U N I
Exercises 70.1 Write a/an or the. 1. We e매 oyed our t매 -과ξ
2.
“ Can
1 ask
_죄←_
hotel was very nice “ Sure. What do you want to know?"
question?"
맹
빼
빼
oiι
vacat lO n 3. You look very tired.You need 4 “ Where ’s Ton1? ” “ He ’s in kitchen." 5. Eve is interesting person.You should meet he r. 6. A: Excuse me , can you tell me how to get to post office? B: Yes , go straight and then take next le 삼. ln m •t 7. A: Let ’s go and see B: O K, that ’s 8. 1t ’s nlCε 1T1O rning. Let ’s go for walk 9. Amanda is studen t. When she finishes school , she wants to be journalis t. She lives with two friends in apartment near college where she is studying. apartment is small , but she likεs Jt girl. boy is seven 10. Peter and Mary have two children , boyand factory. Mary doesn ’t have years old , and girl is three. Peter works in job outside the home right now.
70.2 Complete the sentences. Use a or the + these words: airport
cup
dictionary 2.
1.
냥윤유듀
plcture
floor
3.( Can I have of coffee , please 7
How far is it to ?
l늄등
Canyouopen
tne door
, please?
「
’ n”
That ’s
nlce -llikeit
/
、
5. ( Can you pass me
없
4.
•
’!
Why are you sitting on
70.3 These sentences are not correct. Put in a/an or the where necessary. 1.
Dαon 빠 ]ν’
2. Enjoy yoωur tnψP’ and don 따 1 ’'t forget to send me postcard.
3. What is name of this town? 4.
5. 6. 7 8. 9.
Canada is very big country. What is largest city in Canada? 1 like this room , but 1 don ’ t like color of carpet. “ Are you OK?" “ No , I ’ve got headache." We live in old house near station. What is name of director of movie we saw last night?
141
the ... We use the when it is clea r w hich thing o r p erso n we mea n: • What is the name of this street? (th ere is o nly o n e nam e) • Who is the best player o n your tea m ? (th ere is o nly o ne best player) • Can you tell m e the time please? (= th e time 11 0W) • M y office is o n the first floor. (= the fir st f1 00r o f th e building) ,
D o n ’ t forget the: • Do you Iive near the airport ? (not n ea r airp o rt) • Exc use m e , w h ere is the nearest bank ? 끼 o t w here is n earest ... ) the same . • We Ii ve o n the same street. (not on sa m e street) • “ Are these two b oo ks different?" “ N o , th ey ’re the same." (not they ’re sa me) We say the sun I the moon I the world I the sky I the ocean I the country • The sky is blue and the sun is shining • D o yo u Iive in a city o r in the country? the police I the fire department I the army (of a c i 이， co untry, et c.) • M y brother is a soldie r. H e ’s in the army. • What do yo u think of the p 이ice ? D o th ey do a goo d j o b ? the top I the end I the middle I the left , etc. l 댄1r ite yo ur nam e at the top of the p age • My h o use is at the end of this blo ck. • Th e table is in the middle of the ro 0 111. • D o yo u dri ve o n the right o r on the left in yo ur co untry?
the top the
• middle
the left
the right
the bottom
(play) the piano I the guitar I the trumpet , etc. (mu sical instruments) • Paula is lea rning to play the piano. the radio • 1 Ii sten to the radio a lo t. the Internet • D o you use the Internet mu ch?
’‘
hltp:II....ne t얘 이’
。
.. - ;:、~~.;..:...;; ..,.:;'-'. ,,_.
~;:
-=.:-
--- ，쫓;~ . ~;;，쓰e 싼f
We do not use the w ith: television / TV • 1 watch TV a lo t. • αT hat’s o n television to ni ght? but Ca n you turn off the television ? (= the T V se t) breakfast/ lunch l dinner • What did yo u have fo r breakfast? (not the breakfas t) • Dinner is rea dy! nextllast + week/ month/ yearl summer/ Monday , etc. • 1’ 111 no t wo rking next wee k. (not the n ext wee k) • Did yo u take a vaca tio n last summer? (no t th e last summer) "'""'"~~
a/an and the • Unit 70 the • Units 72-74 the oldest / the most expensive , etc
•
...
~
•• -
Unit 91
-- -.-- .............................,...... _- _..-
,..,..•
•
3
U N
Exercises 71.1
Put in
the where
necessarμ Write
T
71
OK if the sentence is already correct.
1. What is name of this s treεt?
the name
2. What ’s on television tonight ì
OK
3. Our apartment is on seco nd floor Would you 1i ke to go to 11100n? What is bes t hotel in this town? What timε is lunch? How far is it to football stadium? We ’ re taking a trip at end of Ma y. What arε you doing next weekend? 1 didn ’ t 1i ke her first time 1 met her ‘ 1’ m going out after dinne r. Internet is a good placε to get information My sister got married last month. My dictionary is on top shelf on righ t. We live in country about 10 miles 삼om nearest town.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12. 13. 14. 15.
71.2 Complete the sentences. Use age 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 71.3
color
the same + these words: t1 me
st l' eet
problem
1 1i ve on N orth Street , and you 1i ve on N orth Stree t. We live on the same street 1 arrived at 8:30 , and you arrived at 8:30. We arrived at Jim is 25 , and Sue is 25.Jim and Sue are κ1y shirt is dark blu e , and so is my jacket. My shirt and jackεt are 1 have no money, and you havε no money. We havε
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use
……4. 。
””
3
2.
1.
•
the if necessary. 「
6
J.
‘
-L;S4 (?I ð<.k
PQIA\ Robcrts < hr; Sto"e
‘
f?f\，t，ιaWdtron
)ðYðh ktl\t ‘ m Ho얘，d
Th e sun 2 3
is shining.
She ’s playing They ’ re having
4. He ’s watching 5. They ’ re SWlmmlng 111 6 Tim ’s nam e IS at
71.4 Complete these sentences. Choose from the list. Use capit al
&흩 HHe l'
lunch
m iddl e
name
of the list
the if necessary. police
sky
television
at a restaurant last nigh t. 1. We had dinner 2. Wε stayed at a very ni ce hotε1 ， but 1 don ’ t renlemb er is very clear tonight. You ca n see all the stars. 3. 4. Sometimes there are
so mε
b
6. Tokyo is 7. “ What did you have for 8. 1 woke up in
good progran'l S on stopped me because 1 was driving too fast ofJapan ì" “ A salad." ofthε night
late at night.
143
go to work
Sh e ’s at work.
go home
go to the movies
T h ey ’re going to schoo l.
He ’s in bed.
We say : (go) to work , (be) at work , start work , fini sh work • Bye ! 1’ m going to work n ow. (not to th e work) • 1 finish work at 5: 00 every day. (go) to school , (be) at school , start school , fi ni sh school , et c. • What did yo u lea rn at school to day? (not at th e sch ool) • So m e ch ildren do n ’ t like schoo l. (go) to college , (b e) in college • H elen wants to go to college w h en sh e finishes high school • What did yo u study in college? (go) to class , (be) in class • 1 ca n ’ t talk now. 1 have to go to class. • 1’ 11 be in class until 5:00 to day. 1’11 call yo u w hen 1 get out (g이
to prison/jail , (b e) in prison/jail • Why is h e in prison ? W hat did h e d o?
(go) to church , (be) in / at church • D avid usually goes to church o n Sundays . (go) to bed , (b e) in bed • 1’ m tired . 1’ m going to bed. (not to the bed) • “댄l h er e ’s ] an e?" “ She ’s in bed-” (go) home , (b e) (at) home , etc. • 1’ m tired. 1’ m going home . (not to h o m e) • Are yo u go ing o ut to night , or are yo u staying home ? (or staying at home) We say: (go to) the movies / the theater / the bank / the post office / the hospital / the station / the airport • 1 never go to the theater , but 1 go to the movies a lot. • “ Are yo u going to the bank?" “ N 0 , to the post office." • T h e numb er 5 bus goes to the airport ; the nu mber 8 goes to the train station. (go to) the doctor , the dentist • Yo u ’re no t well. W hy don ’t yo u go to the doctor? • 1 have to go to the dentist tom orrow.
the • Units 70-7 1. 73-74 in/at • Units 107-108 to/in/at • Unit 109 (at) home • Unit 109
T7
U N
Exercises 72.1 Where are these people? Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need
the. 6
5
4.
-‘?
1. He ’s in bed 2. They ’re at
. 5. They ’re at 6. He ’s 1n
3. She ’s m 4. She ’s at
72.2 Complete the sentences. Choose from the list. Use bed
-e뻐 reh
home
the if necessary.
post office
school
station
1 need to get some money. 1 have to go to t쁘쁘nk David usually goes to church on Sundays In the United States , children start at the age of five. waiting for the train. There were a lot of people at 1 called you last night , but you weren ’ t at no w. Good night! 6. 1’ m going to to get some stamps 7. I'm going to
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
72.3 Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need 1 2 3 4. 5.
If you Ifyou If you If you If you 6. If you 7. If you
the.
want to catch a plane , you 9 o to the alrp ort want to see a movie , you go to are tired and you want to sleep , you rob a bank and the police catch you , you have a problem with your teeth , you want to study a 감 er you finish high schoo l , you are badly injured in an accident , you
•
72.4 Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences where necessary. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
7. 8.
9. 10. 1 1. 12. 13.
14. 15.
We went cto 효팩 last night 1 finish work at 5:00 every day Lisa wasn ’t feeling well yεsterday， so she went to docto r. 1 、;vasn ’ t feeling well this morning , so 1 stayεd in bed. Why is Angela always late for work? “ Where are your children?" “ They ’ re at schoo l." We have no money in bank. α1hεn 1 was younger , 1 went to church every Sunday. What time do you usually get home from work? Sorry 1 couldn ’ t call you back earlie r. r was in class “ Where should we meet?" “ At station." Kate takes her children to sch ool every day. Jim is sick. He ’s in hospita l. Would you like to go to college? Would you like to go to theater tonight?
to the movles
OK
145
I Ii ke music.
I hate exams. /γ
I like music
L
I don ’ t like cold weather .
I hate exams .
‘ )
ι
/‘ -
D o not use the fo r gen eral ideas : • 1 like music , esp ec ial1 y classical music . (not the music .. . th e classical music) • We don ’t ea t meat ver y o fte n. (not th e m ea t) • Life is no t p ossibl e w ithout water. (not Th e life ... the wa ter) • 1 hate exams. (not the exa m s) • D o yo u kn ow w h ere 1 ca n buy foreign newspapers ? • 1’ m n o t very goo d at w riting letters D o no t use the fo r ga m es and sports: • 1이 y fa vo rite sp o rts are tennis and skiing. (not the tennis ... the skiin g) Do n o t use the fo r lang l1 ages o r school sl1 bj ec ts (history / geography / physics / biology , et c.) • D o yO l1 think English is diffi cult? (not the E ngli sh) • To m ’s brother is stud ying physics and chemistry flowers o r the flowers ? Compare : Flowers are b ea utifl1l. (= fl ow ers in gen eral)
•
•
1 do n ’ t like cold weather . (= cold wea ther in ge neral)
•
The weather isn ’t very goo d to day. (= the wea th er today)
•
We do n ’ t eat fish ve ry often. (= fi sh in gen eral)
l
매Te
•
뼈
뼈때
rL
η
the • Units 70-72, 74
”
1i
。
Are yO l1 interes ted in history ? (= histo ry in gen eral)
h ad a great m eallas t ni ght. The fish was excellent . (= the fish we ate las t ni ght) D W u ’K m M t e m m 뼈
•
•
1 love yo ur ga rden The flowers are b ea l1 tiful (= th e fl owers in yo ur ga rden)
( 4li
The flowers are beau tiful ‘ 싸
U N I T
Exercises 73.1 What do you think about these things? big cities housework
chocolate ]azz
computer garnes museums
dogs par tI es
exarns tennls
Choose seven of these things and write sentences with:
1 like . . . 1 don ’ t like . . . 1 love . 1 / hate exαms. OR . I like exams. OR
1 hate . . .
. . . is/are all right
Exams are all riaht. {etc}
7 4 ?J A
‘, {3 /b 「/
。。
73.2 Are you interested in these things? Write sentences with: I ’ m (very) interested in .
I ’ m not interested in . . . I써
1.
(hi sto r y)
2. 3. 4. ') . 6.
(p oliti cs) 1 (s po rts) (a rt) (astro n omy) (eco n0 111i cs)
1 know a lot about ... 1 know a little about ...
1 don ’ t know much about . 1 don ’ t know anything about ..
very interested in histo lY
73.3 Which is right? M Y favo rite spo rt is fìo o tball / 늬 , ι 노 ðffi“ 1J.:- (foo tba ll is ri ght) 1 li ke this hote l. -1솟 00 1퓨-r/ Th e ro0 111s are ve ry ni ce. ( Th c 1"00 111 5 is right) Eve r ybody n ee ds fl' iends / th e fri ends. Jane does n ’ t go to Qarti es / th e parti es very often 1 we nt shoppin g at th e mall this 1110 rning . Stores / Th e sto res were very crowded “ 낸! h e re ’s milk / th e mill
147
the ... (names of places) Places (continents , countries , states , islands, towns , et c.) In general we do /1 ot use the with names of places: • Quebec is a province of Canada • Bangkok is the capital of Thailand. • Hawaii is an island in the Pacifi c. • Peru is in South America But we use the in names with republic / states / kingdom : the Dominican Republic the Czech Republic the United States of America (the USA) the United Kingdom (the UK)
the - s (plural names) We use the with plural names of countrieslislands / mountains: the N etherlands the Hawaiian Islands the Philippines the Andes
Seas , rivers , etc. We use the with names of oceans / seas/ rivers / canals: the Atlantic (Ocean) the Mediterranean (Sea) the Nile (River) the Panama Canal
theAmazon the Black (Sea)
Places in towns (streets , buildings , etc.) In general we do /1. ot use the w ith names of streets , squares , etc.: • Kevin lives on CentraI Avenue • Where is Main Street , please? • Times Square is in NewYork. We do n o t use the with names of airports , stations , universiti es , and parks. Harvard University 0 ’ Hare InternationaI Airport Yosemite (N ational Park) Pennsylvania Station But we use the with names of most hotels, museums , theaters , and monuments the Regent Hotel the National Theater the Metropolitan (Museum) the Odeon (movie theater) the Taj Mahal the Li ncoln Memorial
U &
‘。
me me
따 (냥 ”아
We use the + names with ... of .. the Museum of Modern Art the Great Wall of China
뼈 빼
the ... of .
L @
We say the north / the south / the east / the west (of ... ) • 1’ ve been to the north of Italy , but not to the south.
the • Units 70-73
m
U N
Exercises
74.1 Answer these geography questions. Choose from the box. Use The if necessary.
--
--‘ @
@
@ •
’ 2. 3. 4. 5
Cairo 재 e Atlantic
6‘ 7
8 9
10.
is the capital of Egyp t. is between Africa and A merica. is a country in north e rn Europe. is a river in South America. is the largest continent in the world. is the largest ocean is a river in Europe. is a country in East Africa. is between Canada and Mexico are mountain s in South America. is the capital of Thailand are mountains in ce ntral Europe. is between Saudi Arabia and Africa is an is land in th e Ca ribbean. are a group of islands near Florida .
11 12. 13 14 15.
‘’‘
Al p s Arn azon Andes Asia :&tlftfltle IW Bahamas Bangkok Jamaica Kenya Pacific Red Sea Rhine Sweden United States
74.2 Write the where necessary. If the sentence is already correct, write OK. 1. Kevin lives on Central Avenu e. 2. We went to see a play Ce t National Theat혜 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1.
12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
17. 18. 19. 20.
•
OK at the National 깨 eater
Have you ever been to C hina? Have yo u ever been to Philippines? Have you ever been to so uth of France? Ca n you tell me where Wa shington Monu111ent is? Ca n you tell 111e where Hollywood Boulevard is? Ca n you tell me where Museum of Art is? Europe is biggεr than Australia. Belgiu111 is smaller than Neth e rlands. Which river is longer - Mississ ippi or Nile ? Did yo u go to National Gallery when you were in Washington ? W e stayed at Park Hotel n ea r Ce ntral Park. How far is it 감0111 Times Square to Kennedy Airport? Rocky Mountains are in North America. Texas is famous for oil and cowboys. 1 hope to go to United Kingd0111 next yea r. Mary co mes fr0111 west of Ireland. Alan is a student at University of Michigan. Panama Canal joins Atlantic Ocean and Pa cifi c Ocean.
Additional exercises 33-34 (pages 26 1-262)
149
th i s/thatlthese/those this (singular)
these (p lural)
00 you li ke 갖 this picture
These flowers are for you
.서·‘
m
Who are those people?
t옳많t펴냄앓鋼
때
that those
뼈
%
때m 빠
때얘 γιω
ω ·야뼈 앉ι
μ 「ι …μ「
this thgse
00 you like hat oicture 7 ’
I
m
those (p lural)
that (síngular)
that picture (= that picture there) those people (= those people there)
W e u se this / that / these / those wi th a no un (this picture / those girls , et c.) o r w itho ut a no u n: •
This hotel is exp en sive , but it ’s ve ry m ce .
•
“ W h o ’s that girl?"
• •
Do yo u like these shoes ? I b o u gh t t h em las t wee k . Those apples loo k nice. Ca n I h ave o n e?
•
This is a nice h o tel , but it ’s very exp enslVe.
•
“ Excu se me , is this yo ur b ag?" “ O h yes , th ank yO U." Who ’s that? (= W h o is that p erson ?)
• • that
• •
“ I don ’t k n ow-”
a noμ”
1ν ithout
a
no μn
Which sh oes d o yo u like b e tter - these o r those ?
= som e thing
that has happened: “ I ’ m so rry I fo rgot to call yO U." “ That ’s all right ." That was a really nice m eal. T h ank yo u ve r y much
= w h at someb o dy
•
has jμs t said: “ Yo u ’ re a teach er , aren ’ t YO U?" “ Yes , that ’s ri gh t."
•
“ M ark h as a n ew job."
•
“ I ’ m going o n vacati o n n ext week."
that
iν; th
“ H e does? I didn ’ t kn ow that ."
“ O h , that ’s n1ce.”
W e u se this is ... and is this . . . ? o n the telepho n e • Hi Sa rah , this is David (= the sp eaker) • Is this Sarah ?
(= the o ther person)
] Hi Sarah , this is Oavid
David
W e u se this is .. . to intro du ce p eo ple: • A: B rian , this is C hris. B: He l1 o , C h r is. Nice to meet yo u C: H i .
*‘
Brian. this is Chris
A
Amanda this one / that one • Unit 76
Brian
Chris
I
U N I T
Exercises 75.1
Complete the sentences. Use birds
1
dishes
this/that/these/those + these
house
postcards 2.
Do y. ou like
these shoes
words:
빼 oe융
seat
3.
Who lives in
How much are
?
?
7
?
..
i톨·“~~ ‘ 이
때
Look at
• X
뼈
5.
「 」
4.
6.
]
free? •
γ
are dirty ‘
....,.
r ...r -r'"‘’
..,.
•
~ 、，
>‘ ”
X
A -‘ -'
-
Is this/that your ... ? or Are these/those your ... ?
75.2 Write questions:
Is this
75.3 Complete the sentences with
this is or that's or that.
A: 1’ 111 sorry 1’ 111 late. B: 교따흐_ all ri ght. 2. A: 1 ca n ’ t C0111ε to the party t0111orrow. 1.
B: Oh ,
too bad. Why not?
3 . (on the phon e) S~le:
H ell o , Jan e . Su e . Jan e: Oh , hi Sue. How are you' 4. A: You ’ re lazy B: not tru e ! ‘
5 . A: B e th plays th e piano very well B: Does sh e? 1 didn ’ t know 6. lVIark meets Pau/'s sister, H e/en.
Pa “/: Mark , 111y sister , Helen. Mark: Hi , H elen 7. A: 1’m so rr y 1 was angry yesterday B: OK Forge t It! 8. A: You ’ r e a friend of T i m's , are n ’ t you? B: Yes , righ t. 151
one/ones 뼈
M
n니 ‘
”
…
WJ J
빠
하때
대
빼 댔
π川
W
때
one (= a .. .)
Wo uld you like one ?
= Would you like ,a one
= a/an . . . (a ch ocolate / an apple , et c.)
__
~썼 τU
•
•
chocolate ?
;e:"!'~
•
，;';"' .，".~ !jt ~→;←
--
-
_.=
-..-
~ "'_ "，!!;::~，，::>>'_'
c<;"--E'_ _•~•
1 n eed a pen. Do yo u have one ? (one = a pen) A : Is there a bank n ear h ere? B : Yes , there ’'s one o n the corne r. (one = a bank)
one and ones one (s ingular)
ones
Whi ch one do yo u wan t7
= Which hat?
The white ones
Wh ich ones do you wa nt?
This one
Which one?
φ lura l)
Which ones ?
닮Zτ hat/car / girl , et c.
ones
= Which flowers ?
= fIOWESS암3rf/girls ，
etc.
this one / that one • Which car is yo urs? This one or that one? (= this car or that car)
these / those (without on es) • Which flowers do yo u want? These o r those? (usually not th ese o nes or those ones)
the one ... • A : Which hotel did yo u stay at? B: The one nea r the airport. • 1 found this key. Is it the one you lost?
the ones • A ’ Which books are yo urs? B : The ones o n th e table. • 1 fo und these keys. Are they the ones yo u lost?
the . . . one • 1 don ’ t like the black coat , but 1 like the brown one . • Don ’t buy th at camera. Buy the other one.
the ... ones • 1 don ’t like the red shoes , but 1 like the green ones. • D on ’ t buy those apples. Buy the other ones.
a / an ... one • This cup is dirty. Ca n 1 have a c1 ean one ? • That cookie was goo d . 1’ m gomg to have another one .
some . . .ones • T h ese cups are dirty. Ca n we have some c1 ean ones? • M y shoes are very old . 1’ m go m g to buy some new ones.
which .. . ? •
Unit 48
another •
Unit 66 this/that, et c. •
Unit 75
;
•
;
U N I T
Exe 민만r디.
76.1 A asks B some questions. Use the information in the box to write B’5 answers. Use one (not a/an ... ) in the answers. B just had a cup of coffee B is going to get a bike B doesn ’ t have an ulllbrella
B d oe sn ’ t need a c ar there ’s a drugstore on First Avenue
A: A: A: A: A: A:
2
3 4 5 6
Can you lend me a pen? Would you like to have a car? Do you have a bike? Can you lend m e an umbrella? Would you like a cup of coffìεeP 1s there a drugstore near h ere?
B: B: B: B: B: B:
1’ nl sorry , I do n't have one No , 1 don ’ t No , but 1’ m sorry , but No , thank you. Yes ,
. •
•
76.2 Complete the sentences. Use a/an ... one. Use the words in the list. better
big
elesft
different
n ew
o ld p
1. This cup is dirt y. Can 1 have 2. 3. 4. S. 6.
a clean one 1’ m going to se ]J my car and buy That ’s not a very good picture. This is 1 want today ’s newspape r. Thi ‘ ” This box is too small. 1 need Why do we always go to thε same restaurant? Let ’s go
to
•
76.3 A is talking to B. Use the information to complete the conversations. Use one/ones. 1. A stayed at a hotel. [t 1ν as near the airport.
A B: A
댄!e
stayed at a hotel Which one Th e one near the airp ort
2. A sees so me shoes Ín a store They ’ re cç; reen A 1 like those shoes B: Which A The
3
6
P
1ν Índow.
A Ís lookir，앵 at a house. It has a red door A: That ’ s a nice house. B: A with
tνall. ;
7
A sees a girl iη a group of people. She ’'s tall wÍth long hair. A: Do you know that girl? ? B A:
8
A Ís looking at some They ’ re yellolν A: Those flowers are beautifu l. B A
;
?
A Ís lookíng at so me CDs. Th ey' re on the top she lf. A: Are tho se your CDs? ? B A
9.
S. A Ís looking af a jacket in a store. [t ’'s black. A: Do you like that jacket? ? B: A:
10
4
A is looking at a picture. !t 's on the A: That ’ s an mterestmg plcture. B A
?
A Ís lookíng at a man in α resta • trant. He has a mustache and glasses. A: Who ’ s that man? B: A with A took so me pictures at the party la st A: Did 1 show you my pictures? B: A
?
μleek .
P
153
some and any some
any I don ’ t have any money
I have some money ,
o e
Use • • •
some in positive sentences: 1’ m going to buy some clothes. There ’s some ice in the fridge. We made some mistakes.
Use • • •
。
any in negative sentences: 1’ m not going to buy any clothes. There isn ’ t any milk in the fridge. We didn ’ t make any mistakes.
any and some in questions In most questions (but not all) we use any (not some): • Is there any ice in the fridge? • Does he have any friends? • Do you need any help? We normally use some (not any) when we oJfer things (Would you like , • . ?): • A: Would you like some coffee? B: Yes , please. or when we ask for things (Can 1 have ... ?, et c.) • A: Can 1 have some soup , please? B: Yes. Help yoursel f. • A: Can you lend me some money? B: Sure. How much do you need?
Do you have any money7
Would you like some coffee?
some and any without a noun • • • • •
1 didn ’ t take any pictures , but Jane took some. (= some pictures) You can have some coffee , but 1 don ’ t want any. (= any coffee) 1 j ust made some coffee. Would you like some? (= some coffee) “ Where ’s your luggage?" “ 1 don ’ t have any." (= any luggage) “ Are there any cookies?" “ Yes , there are some in the kitchen." (= some cookies)
something / somebody (or someone) • She said something. • 1 saw somebody (or someone). • 댄10uld you like something to eat? • Somebody ’s at the doo r.
anything / anybody (or anyone) • She didn ’ t say anything. • 1 didn ’ t see anybody (or anyone). • Are you doing anything tonight? • Where ’s Sue? Has anybody seen her?
a and some • Unit 69 somebody/anything , et c. • Unit 80
U N I T
Exercises 77.1
Write some or any. 1. 1 bought _효으쁘ζ_ cheese , but 1 didn ’t buy
의묘X
bread
애
뼈
아뼈 얹ιω
1hU
뼈빼
stamps 2. 1’ m going to the post office. 1 need 3. There aren ’t gas stations in this part of town. 4. Gary and Alice don ’t have children. 1b M @ K‘ s. Do you have n m ,mc ob U 6. There are 7. Do you know good hotels in Miami? 8. “재10uld you like tea?" “ Yes , please." 9. When we were on vacation , we visited very interesting places. 10. Don ’ t buy rice. We don ’ t nεed . oranges , but thεy didn ’ t have at the store. 1 1. 1 went out to buy water, please? 12. 1’ m thirsty. Can 1 have 77.2 Complete the sentences. Use some or any + the words in the box.
뺑 짜
W%
““
batterie s milk
friends pictures
fruit quest lO ns
help 빼없륜Ððð
1. 1 want to wash my hai r. Is there anv shamvo o ? 2. The police want to talk to you. They want to ask you 3. 1 don ’ t have my camera , so 1 can ’ t take 4. Do you speak foreign S. Last night 1 went to a res taurant with in my coffee , please? 6. Can 1 have 7. This camera isn ’ t working. There aren ’t fresh 8. 1t ’s hot in this office. 1’ m going out for ? 9. A: Would you like B: No , thank you. 1’ ve had enough to eat 10. 1 can do this job alone. 1 don ’ t need
?
of mine 111 1 t.
77.3 Complete the sentences. Use some or any. . (1 / take) 1. Jane didn ’ t take any pictures , but I took some 2 “ Where ’s your luggage?" “ / don't have any ’ (1 / not / have) 3. “ Do you need any money?" “ No , thank you . 4. “ Can you lend me some money?" “ I ’ m sorry, but S. Thε tomatoεs at the storε didn ’ t look very good , so 6. There were some nice oranges at the store , so 7. “ How many phone calls did you make yesterday?" “
- ’ (1 / have) . ’ (1 / not / have)
. (1 / not / buy) (1 / buy) ’ (1 / not / make)
77.4 Write something/somebody or anything/anybody. 1. A woman stopped me and said 5omething , but 1 didn ’ t understand 2. “ What ’s wrong?" “ Therε ’S ln l11y eye-” 3. Do you know about politics? 4. 1 wεnt to the store , but 1 didn ’ t buy S. broke the window. 1 don ’ t know who. 6. There isn ’t in the bag. It ’s empty. 7. 1’ m looking for my keys. Has seen them? 8. Would you like to drink? 9. 1 didn ’t εat because 1 wasn't hungry. 10. This is a secre t. Please don ’t te \l •
155
not + any
no
none
The pa rking lot is empty. There aren ’ t any ca rs There are no cars
in the parking lo t.
How m any cars are there in the parking lo t? None.
not (-n ’ t ) + any • There aren't any cars in the parking lot • Tracey and Jeff don ’ t have any children. • You can have so m e coffee , but 1 don ’ t want any. no
+ noun (no cars / no garage , etc.)
no . . . = not any or not a • There are no cars in the parking lo t. (= there aren ’ t any cars) • We have no cofi농 e. (= we don ’ t have any coffee) • It ’s a ni ce h o use , but there ’s no garage. (= there isn ’ t a garage) We use no . .. especially after have / has and there is/ are.
negatíve verb + any = posítíve verb + no • They don ’ t have any children. or T hey have no children. (not They don ’t have no children) • There isn't any suga r in your coffee. or There ’ s no sugar in yo ur coffee. No and none U se no + η oun (no tnoney / no children , etc.): • We have no tnoney. • Every thing was OK. T h ere were no probletns. U se none alone (wítho ut a no un) • “ How much money do you have?" “ None." (= 110 money) • “ We re there any problems?" “ No , none." (= 11 0 problems)
뼈 째
None and no one m = ou V m e = J
None is an answer for How tnuch? / How tnany? (things or people) : • “ How tnuch money do yo u have?" “ None." (= no money) • “ How tnany people did yo u m ee t? " “ None." (= 110 people) N 0 one is an a l1 SWer for 、Who ? : l “ Who did yo u m eet?" “ No one."
or
“ Nobody."
negatlves • Unit 44 some and any • Unit 77 anybody/nobody/nothing , et c. • Units 79-80
U N I T
Exercises 78.1 Write these sentences again with no.
We have no monev
1. We d o n ’t have any m o ne y. 2 . T he re aren ’ t any sto res nea r here. 3. Ca rla does n ’ t have a ny free ti m e. 4. T h ere isn ’ t a light in thi s roo m. Write these sentences again with
Th ere are
any. Wedon't have anv
5. We have no m o n ey. 6. Th ere ’s no milk in th e frid ge 7. T here are n o bus es to day. 8. To m has no bro thers o r sisters
moneν
78.2 Write no or any. 1. T h e re ’s _끄으_ suga r in yo ur co ffee.
children. 2 . M y broth er is m arri ed , but h e d oesn ’ t have 3. Sue d oesn ’t sp eak fo reign lan guages. co ffee.Would you like so m e tea? 4. 1’ m afraid there ’s b1rds.” 5. “ Loo k at those birds!" “ Birds? Wh ere? 1 can ’ t see ldea ” 6. “ 0 0 yo u know wh ere J ess ica is?" “ N o , I have Write
no , any, or none.
7. T here aren ’ t pi ctures o n th e wall. 8. Th e w ea th er was cold , but th ere was w ind 9. 1 wa nted to buy so m e o ranges , but they didn ’t have mi stakes . 10 . Ever ything w as correc t. T h ere were 11 12
“ H ow mu ch luggage do yo u have?" “ H ow mu ch luggage do yo u have ?"
“
at the sto re
”
“ 1 don ’ t have
”
air conditioning line
a nswer money
difference
(h
q
빼빠
78.3 Complete the sentences. Use any or no + the words in the box. k ·m m
furniture
1. Eve rything was OK. T here were no orob/ems 2. J ac k and E mily w o uld like to take a vacation , but th ey have 3 I ’ m not gomg to answer 4. H e ’s always alone. H e has betwee n these two m ac hines . Th ey ’re exac tl y th e sa m e. 5. T h ere is in th e roo m. 1t was co mpl etely empty. 6. Th ere wasn ’ t 7. 1 tri ed to ca ll yo u yesterday, but there was 8. T h e h o use is ho t beca use th ere isn ’ t o utside th e m ov ie th ea te r, so we didn ’ t have to 9. T h ere wa s w ait to ge t o ur ti ckets .
78.4 Write short answers (one or two words) to these questions. Use none where necessary. 1. H ow 2. How 3. H ow 4. H ow 5. H ow
many m any mu ch m any m any
letters di d yO L1 write yesterday? sisters d o yo u have? co ffee did yo u drink yes terday? pi ctures have yo u taken today? legs does a snake have?
πvo
OR
A /ot.
OR
None
157
not + anybody/anyone/anything nobody/no one/nothing 삐
not + anything nothing (for things)
。
W
y m
이
Or
ψ4
“υ ‘
때
ιh
m ‘v // Y’ n Ot n O b .M“v / m n e
많훨
Il-
뼈없 뼈뼈
•
T’ h e m ·I m, ‘l ‘,
f ll
nIm m
m
p ~
•
Th ere isn't anything in the bag.
•
T h ere is nothing in the bag
•
A : What ’s in the bag?
-
•
•
rnobodvl T h ere is j “ f in the ro o m. lno one J
A: Who is in the roo m ? B: Nobody . / No one
-body and -one are the sam e: anybody = anyone nobody
B : Nothing.
= no
one
not + anybody / anyone • 1 do n ’ t know anybody (o r anyone) h ere.
not + anything • 1 can't rem emb er anything.
nobody = not + anybody no one not + anyone • 1’ m lo nely. 1 have nobody to talk to. (= 1 do n ’ t h ave anybody) • The h o use is empty. T h ere is no one in i t. (= There isn ’t anyone in it.)
nothing • •
= not +
anything
Sh e said nothing. (= Sh e didn ’ t say anything. ) T h ere ’s nothing to eat. (= There isn't anything to ea t. )
「
negative verb + anybody / anyone / anything pos lt1 ve νerb + nobody / no one / nothing
H e doesn ’ t kn ow anything . (not H e doesn ’ t know no thing) Don ’ t tell anybody . (not Don ’t tell no body) T h ere is nothing to do in this town . (not T h ere isn ’t no thing)
some and any • Unit 77 any and
n。 •
Unit 78 somebody/anything/nowhere, etc
•
Unit 80
·팽 뼈
뼈
iι
뼈뺑뺑
• • •
뺑빵 뼈
R em embe r :
따
빼쩌W
--
맨 m μω 띠
Yo u can use nobody / no one / nothing at th e beginning of a sentence o r alo n e (to answe r a q uestio n): ·Un M m • T h e ho use is empty. Nobody lives ‘ A there. (not Anybo dy lives there) h [ ” “ N l “ Wh o did yo u sp eak to ?" “ No one."
”
U N I T
Exercises 79.1
Write these sentences again with nobody I no one or nothing.
There's nothing in the bag
1. There isn ’ t anything in th e bag . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
There isn ’ t anybody in th e o ffi ce. 1 don ’ t have anything to do. There isn ’ t anything o n T V. There was n ’ t anyone at ho m e. W e didn ’ t find anything.
There ’s 1
79.2 Write these sentences again with anybody/anyone or anything. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
There ’s nothin g in th e bag. T here was nob o dy on th e bus. 1 have nothing to read 1 have no one to h elp l11 e She heard nothin g ‘ W e have nothing for dinn e r.
T,here
isn ’'t anythin C/ in the ba C/
There wasn ’t
79.3 Answer these questions with nobody / no one or nothing. la 2a. 3a. 4a.
낸1 hat did yo u say? Nothing. Wh o saw yo u? Nobodν
Wh at do yo u want? Wh o did yo u l11 ee t ?
5a . 6a. 7a . 8a.
Wh o kn ows the answer? Wh at did yo u buy? What h ap p ened ? Wh o wa s late?
Now answer the same questions with f비 I sentences. Use nobody / no one / nothing or anybody/anyone/anything: 1b. 2b.
I didn't sav anvthina Nobodv saw me.
3b. 1 do n ’t 4b. 1 5b. 6b. 7b. 8b.
the answer
79.4 Complete the sentences. Use: nobody I no one I nothing 1.
2. 3‘ 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12 . 13. 14.
or anybodylanyonelanything That hou se is empty. NobodY lives there. Jac k has a bad m emor y. H e 띠 따 rem emb er a따따!!ß • Be guiet l Don ’t say [didn ’ t know about th e l11 ee tin g . told 111 e . [ was n ’t hung Iy.” “ W hat did yo u ha ve to ea t? " [didn ’ t ea t . 1 wasn ’ t hungr y. H elen was sittin g alo ne. She wasn ’ t w ith 1’ 111 SOrry, I can ’ t h elp yo u. There ’s [ ca n do. abo ut car engines. 1 do n ’ t know The 111useum is free. It doesn ’ t cos t to go 111. [h ea rd a kno ck at the doo r , but when 1 opened it , there was Antonio spoke very fas t. 1 didn ’t und erstand . l / l1y? ” “ What are yo u d o ing tonighe" “ H elen is out of town. knows where she is. She didn ’ t te Il where she was going
th ere.
159
somebody/anything/nowhere, etc. 7 7 7 ·뱀
뼈
야
때 뼈
’n
-m
___
.",.
~
"_•....,
••
'::;'~-"--".""-
"'"'.
--=~=.;..-":，，，
•
Tom lives somewhere n ear C hicago.
;
People (-body or - one) somebody or someone anybody nobody
0 1' 0 1'
anyone
no one
• • • •
T h ere is somebody (or someone) at the doo r. Is there anybody (or anyone) at the doo r? There isn ’t anybody (or anyone) at the doo r. There is nobody (o r no one) at the door.
- body and '::~;;-~ ;~~ th e~; 11î~ :~~~~b~dY~~l11 eon~ ， n()body
= n~~I"l~ ， e tc. 1
T hings (-thing) something
I
anything
’ •
nothing
• • • l
Lucy sa id something , but 1 didn ’ t understand w hat sh e said. Are yo u doing anything this weekend ? 1 was angr y, but 1 didn ’ t say anything . “ What did you say?" “ Nothing."
Places (-where) somewhere anywhere nowhere
• • • •
7
somewhere = in/ to a place , but we don ’t know where
something = a thing , but w e don ’ t kn ow what
somebody / someone = a person , but we don ’ t know who ~，_~~O_.~~ ~~.
\니 〔
Somebody (or Someone) has bro ken the w indow.
L M
?
Ruth ’s parents live somewhere in So uthern C alifornia D id yo u go anywhere interesting o n vaca tion? 1’ m staying h ere. 1’ m not going anywhere. 1 do n ’ t like this tow n. T here is nowhere to go.
something / anybody , etc. + adjective (big/ cheap / interesting , etc.) • Did yo u m ee t anybody interesting at the party? • We always go to the sa m e pla ce. Let ’s go somewhere different. • “ What ’s in that letter?" “ It’s nothing important." something / anybody , etc. + to ... • 1’ m hungry. 1 want something to eat. (= so m ething that 1 can ea t) • Tony doesn ’ t have anybody to talk to. (= anybody that h e can talk to) • There is nowhere to go in thi s town . (= nowhere where people ca n go)
some and any • Unit 77 any and n 。 • Unit 78 anybody/nothing , et c. • Unit 79 everything/-body/-where • Unit 81
U N I T
Exercises Write somebody (or someone) I something I somewhere.
80.1
1 2
3 4
Lu cy sa id [ lost
5omethina
재lhat
did she say? What did yO L1 lose? Where did they gO? Who are yO L1 going to ca ll?
S L1 e and Tom went I ’ 111 going to ca Jl
80.2 Write nobody (or no one) / nothing I nowhere. --? a
a
“/ 1) 껴
a
끼--
a
What did you say? Where are yO L1 going? 찌That do you want?
마약띠{L
Who are you looking for?
Now answer the same questions with full sentences. Use not + anybodylanythinglanywhere.
I didn't sav anvthina
1b.
3b.
2b. 1’ ITl not
4b
80.3 Write somebody/anything/nowhere , et c. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12. 13. 14. 15.
It ’s dark. 1 ca n ’ t see anvthina TO I11 lives 5omewhere , n ear San Francisco 00 yo u know abo L1 t co mp L1 ters? " “ Liste n! " “ What? [ ca n ’ t hear " “ What are yO L1 doing here?" “ l ’ 111 wai ting for W e need to talk. There ’s 1 want to te Jl yo u “ O id see the accident t " “ No , W e weren ’ t hungry, so we didn ’ t eat knows ,, “ What ’s going to happe n?" “ 1 don ’t kno w. “ 00 yO L1 know in Tokyo?' ’ “ Yes , a few people." . [t ’s e n1pty. ” “ What ’s in that sL1 itcase?" 1’ m looking for m y glasses. 1 can't find them 1 don ’ t like cold weathe r. [ want to live warm inte resting on television toni ght? Is th ere famo L1 s t Have yO L1 ever m et
"
80.4 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes. sO ll1 ething sO ll1 ething sO ll1 ewhere 1. 2. 3. 4 5 6.
anything anywhere
nothing
do park
drink read
eat Slt
용ø
stay
nowhere
W e don ’ t go OL1 t ve ry ll1L1 ch b eca L1 se th e rεs nowhere to go There isn ’ t any food in the hO L1 se. We don ’ t have 1’ m bored . 1 have ” “ Why are yO L1 standing?" “ Beca L1 se there isn ’ t )" “ Yes , pl ease - a glass of wate r." “ αlo L1 ld yO L1 like Ifyo L1 ’ re going downtown , take the bus. Oon ’ t drive beca us e there ’s
7. 1 want 8. 1 ne ed
. 1’ll1 go ing to buy a l11 agazine. in Seo L11. Can you reco l11ll1 end a h ote l?
161
every and all Every
Every house on the street is the sam e. every house on th e street = all the houses on the street
We use every + s i ηIg ular noun (every house / every country , et c.) • Sarah has b een to every country in Europe • Every summer we take a vaca tio n at the b each. • Sh e looks different every time 1 see h er U se a síngular verb after every . .. • Every house on the street is the same. (not are th e sam e) • Every country has a natio nal f1 ag. (not have) Co mpare every and all •
Every student in the class passed th e exam. Every country has a national f1 ag.
•
All the students in th e class passed the exam. All countries have a nation al f1 ag.
• •
Every day and all day n
L
s
all day = the complete day :
야
HUA
때
씨
% =
nν
V/
」u
e m
… w
m?
t
t
m Lm
뱅때
t
h
를
t
•
O
%갱
’b
H ow
10 ηIg?
end of the day ALL DAY
EVERY DAY •
•
It rained every day last week. Bill wa tches TV fo r abo ut two h o urs
• •
every night. (= o n a11 ni ghts)
also every morning/ week/ summer , etc.
It rained all day yesterday. O n M onday, 1 wa tched T V all night. (= the w hole night)
also a11 morning/ week/ summer , etc.
Everybody (or everyone) / everything / everywhere everybody or everyone
•
ψ eop le)
everything
•
(thil밍에
everywhere ψ laces)
•
Everybody (or Everyone) nee ds friends. (= all p eopl e n ee d fri ends) D o yo u h ave everything yo u n ee d? (= all the things yo u need) 1 lost my wa tch. 1’ ve loo ked everywhere fo r i t. (= 1’ ve looked in all places)
Use a síngular verb after everybody / everyone / everything: • Everybody has problems. (not Eve rybody have)
려|
•
Unit 82
-
U N I T
Exercises ,U n A
V
V u / A
1.
.
room
Every student
빠
81.1 Complete the sentences. Use every + these words:
word
in the class passe d the exam.
2. M y j ob is very borin g. is th e sa ll1 e. 3. Kate is a very good chess pl aye r.Wh en we play, sh e wins 4‘ in th e hotel has a TV 5. “ D id yo u understand what she sa id?" “ Most o f it , bu t n ot
•
"
81.2 Complete the sentences with every day or all day. Yes terd ay it rained a샌~ , but so m etimes 1 don ’ t read it J buy a newspap er J’ m not going out to ll1 orrow. J' ll be at home I usually drink about four cups of co ffee 5. Paula was sick yesterday, so she staye d in bed 6. 1’ m tired now be ca use 1’ ve bee n working hard 7. Last year we went to the beac h for a weεk ， and it rain ed
1. 2. 3. 4.
81.3 Write every or all. 1. Bill watches TV for abo ut two ho urs
every
ni ght.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Juli a gets up at 6:30 morning. afternoon. The weather W3S nice yes terd ay, so wε sat outside week. J’ m leav ing town on M o nday. 1’ II be away yea r. Usually in March." “ H ow often do you go s kiin 낳” A : Were you at home at 10 yes terday? morning.I 、Nent o ut after lunch B: Yes , I was at home 7. M y sister loves n ew ca rs. She bu ys o ne yea r ni gh t. 8. 1 saw Sam at the p arty, but he didn ’t spea k to m e sUll1ll1 er 9 ‘ We take a vaca tion for two o r three weeks
81.4 Write everybodyleverythingleverywhere. n m
- V/
마 찌
m
” 따
o n ’ h ·rQ
뼈
2 . C hris knows ”” m Y rlr l 3. I like th e people here. 4. This is a nice hote l. It ’s cO ll1 fo rtable, and 5 Kev in never uses hi s ca r. H e goes is hung ry. 6. Let ’s have dinne r. 7 . Sue ’s h o use is full of books. There are books yo u say I S tru e 8 Yo u are ri ght
뼈
0
없
nee ds fri e nds
따
EvervbodY
매
1.
; n c
81.5 Complete the sentences. Use one word only each time. Everybody h쁘_ problems Are yo u rea dy ye t? Everybody waiting for yo u The hous e is empty. Eve ryo n e go ne o ut. Ga ry is very popula r. Everybody him. s. This town is co mpletely diffe rent now. Everything changed. 6. 1 got home very late last ni ght. 1 ca ll1 e in qui etly beca use eve ryo ne asleep. 7. Everybody ll1 istakes l 8 . A: eve rything clear? eve rybo dy know wh 따 to do' B: Yes , we all understa nd .
1. 2. 3. 4.
’
163
all
most
any no/none
some
Co mpare : the children / the m o n ey / these books, etc: • Where are the children? (= our children) • [want to b l1 y a car , b l1 t 1 do n ’t have the money. (= the m o n ey for a car) • H ave yO l1 read these books ? • 1 o ften go Ol1 t with my friends
children/ money/ books , etc. (in general): • Children like to play. (= children in ge n eral) • Money isn ’t everything . (= money in ge n eral) • 1 enjoy rea ding books. • Everybody n eeds friends.
Most / most of ... , some / some of ... , etc '-.,
1
• all
most
most/ some , et c. + noun all most some any no • • • • •
•
융ε
some
all
•
cltles children books money
most some any none
Do not l1 se of in these se ntences • Most people drive too fa st. (not Most of p eopl e) • Some birds ca n ’ t fl y. (not Some o f birds)
/L
any
most of/ some
Most children like to pla y. (= children in gen eral) [don ’ t want any money. Some books are better than others He has no friends. All cities have th e sa m e problems. (= citi es in ge neral)
•
• • • •
(of)
of
0ε
---
- - - -
no / none / not
+ any
etc. + the / this / my , . . . etc.
the . this / that these / those ... my / your ... , et c.
Most of the children at this school are l1 nder 11 years old . 1 don ’t want any of this money. Some of these books are very old None of my friends live n ear m e.
YOl1 can say all the ... or all of the ... (with or witho l1 t of) • All the students in our class passed the exam. (or All of the students ... ) • Silvia has lived in Mi ami all her life. (or . .. all of her life .)
All of it / most of them / none of us , et c. all most some any none
of
• lt them us you
• • • • •
YOl1 can have some of this cake , b l1 t n o t all of it. A: D o yOl1 know th ose p eople? B: Most of them , b l1 t no t all of them. Some of us are going Ol1 t to night. Why don ’ t yO l1 co m e with l1 s? 1’ ve go t a lo t of boo ks, b l1 t 1 have n ’ t rea d any of them “ H ow m any of th ese boo ks have yo u rea d?" “ None of them."
the ... (children / the children , et c.) • Unit 73 some and any • Unit 77 no/none/any • Unit 78 all and every • Unit 81
U N I T
Exercises 82.1
Complete the sentences. Use the word in parentheses (some/most , et c.). Sometimes you need of (some of / most of, et c.). 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
M으효t
children like to play. (most) 흐쁘f....21 this mo 뼈 is yours. (some) people never stop talking. (some) the stores downtown close at 6:00. (l11 ost) You can change money in banks. (l11 ost) the pictures in the living room. (any) 1 don ’ t Ji kε He ’s lost his 1110ney. (a Jl) my friends arε married. (none) Do you know the people in this picture? (any) birds can fly. (most) the movie , but 1 didn ’ t like the ending. (l11 ost) 1 enjoyed sports are very dangerous. (some) We can ’ t fìnd anywhere to stay. the hotels are ful l. (a 1l) Try this cheese. lt ’s delicious. (some) The weather was bad when we were on vacation. lt rained
the
timε.
(most)
82.2 look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use:
alll most I some I none
+
of them I of it 3.
2.
4
6.
훌i
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
How How How How How How
many many many many l11 any much
of the of the of the of the of the of the
people are women? boxes arε on thε table? men are wearing hats? windows are open? people are standing? money is Ben ’s?
It ’s all mlne
M뜨브tl샌m.
82.3 Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences that are wrong. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 9. 10.
(써 ost of childl꾀 like to play. A1I the students fa i! ed the tεst. Some of people work too hard Some of questions on the exa l11 were very easy 1 havεn ’t sεen any of those people before. A l1 of insects have six legs. Have you read all these books? κ10st of students in our class are very nice. Most of l11y friends are going to the party. 1’ 111 very tired this 1110rning - 1 was awake most of nigh t.
Most 래빠en OK
165
both
either
neither
We use bothl either/ neither to talk about two things or people:
+
or
•
•
both
neither (not + either)
either
Rebecca has two children. Both are married. (both = the two children) Would you like tea or coffee?You can have either. (either = tea or coffee) A: Do you want to go to the movies or the theater? B: Neither.I want to stay home. (neither = not the movies or the theater)
• • •
Compare either and neither:
•
“ Would you like tea or coffee?"
Both I either I neither both either neither • • •
+ plμ ral
+
no μn
both either neither
+ singular
“ Either. It does 따 matte r." (= tea or coffee) “ 1 don ’ t want either." (η ot 1 don ’ t want neither) “ N either." (= not tea or coffee)
windows / books l children , etc. window I bookl child , et c.
Last year 1 went to Miami and Seattle. 1 liked both cities very much. First 1 worked in an offìce and later in a store. Neither job was very interesting. There are two ways to get to the airport.You can go either way.
Both of ... I either of ... I neither of both either neither
(of) of
the ... these / those ... my/ your / Paul ’ s ... , etc.
I like both of
‘
i
tI聊〔tu rs」 ) ‘
li " ‘
‘-
h
• •
Neither of my parents is Canadian. 1 haven ’ t read either of these books
’
c
n
-
‘
i
both either neither • • • I can ’ t
of
them us you
Paul has got two sisters. Both of them are married. Sue and 1 didn ’t eat anything. Neither of us was hungr y. Who are those two people? 1 don ’ t know either of them either / neither can I • Unit 43
- ι
,....:..... -'1
I-"~
You can say both of the / those / my ... or both the / those / my ... (with or without of): • 1 like both of those pictures. or 1 like both those pictures. • Both of Paul ’s sisters are married. or Both Paul ’s sisters are married bμ t Neither of Paul ’s sisters is married. (not N either Paul ’s sis ters) Both of them I neither of us
<
’
..
U N I T
Exercises 83.1 Write bothleither/neither. Use of where necessary. 1. Last year 1 went to Mia l11 i and Seattle. 1 liked b약h cities very l11 uch 2. There were two pictures on the wal l. 1 didn ’t like e빽약뿌 the l11 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 1O. 11 12. 13. 14.
It was a good footba l! ga l11 e. tea l11 S played we l! It wasn ’ t a good footba l! game. team played well “ Is your friend Canadian or American?" “ . She ’s Australian." We went away for two days , but the weather was bad. It rained days. A: 1 bought two newspapers. 찌Thich one do you want? B’ It doesn ’ t matter which one them came. 1 invited Oonna and Mike to the party, but 1 always walk." “ 00 you go to work by car or by bus?" thelTI." “ Which jacket do you prefer , this one or that one?" “ 1 don ’ t like 1 work , and 1’ m a student , too ” “ 00 you work , or are you a student?" Paula and 1 didn ’t know the time because us had a watch. Helen has two sisters and a brothe r. sisters are married. Helen has two sisters and a brothe r. 1 know her brother, but 1 haven ’ t met her sisters.
83.2 Complete the sentences for the pictures. Use 80th . .. and Neither .. 2
3.
4
5.
6 ANSWER
7+8=13 7+8=16
80th cup s are 2
3
empty are open. wearing a ha t.
4.
5. 6.
beards. to the airport. right.
83.3 A man and a woman answered some questions. Their answers were the same. Write sentences with 80th/Neither of them .
1 2 3 4 5. 6. 7.
Are you married? How old are you? Arε you a student? 00 you have a car? Where do you live? 00 you like to cook? Can you play the plano? 8. 00 you read the newspaper? 9 Are you interestεd in sports?
No 21 Yes No Boston Yes No
No 21 Yes No Boston Yes No
Yes
Yes
No
No
2 3 4 5 6 7
f\Jelther of them ls rmrrledBoth ot thern are 21 students. a ca r.
167
a lot much
many
a lot of money
not much money
We use much + uncountable no un (much food / much money , et c.): • D id yo u buy much food ? • We do n ’t have much luggage. • H ow much money do yo u want? • A: Do yo u have any money ? B: 1 have some , but not much .
R
.u a
1ll
야
· ’‘ I
l
띠
i
m f (m
뺑
l
m
뼈
m M
원빠빠
We use a lot of + both types oJ noun: • We bo ught a lot of food. • Paula doesn ’ t h ave a lot of free time.
m
w // ‘
a lot of books
not many books
We use many + plural nou η (many books / many people , etc.): • D id yo u b uy many books ? • We don ’t know many people . • H ow many photos did yo u take? • A: Did yo u take any photos ? B : 1 took so m e, but not many . • •
We bou ght a lot of books. D id th ey ask a lot of questions ?
•
T h ere are a lot of trees / shops / people . .. (plu ral verb) A lo t of people speak En glish (not speaks)
•
We use much in questions and negative sen tences: • Do yo u drink much coffee ? • 1 do n ’t drink much coffee B ut we do n ot often use much in positive s eη tences : • I drink a lot of coffee. (not I drink m u ch coffee) l “ Do yo u dr ink m uch coffee?" “ Yes , a lot." (not Y es , m u ch) We use many an d a lot of in all typ es of sentences (p ositive/ n egative / qu estion): • We have many friends / a lot of 산 ie n ds. • We do n ’t have many fri ends / a lot of frien ds . • Do yo u h ave many 상 i e nds / a lot of fri ends? Yo u can use much and a lot w ithout a n oun : • Donna sp oke to me , but sh e didn ’t say much l “ Do you watch TV much?" “ No , not much." (= not often) • We like m ovies , so we go to the movies a lot. (not go to th e m ovies m u ch) • 1 don ’t like him very much .
counta ble/u ncountable •
Units 68-69
U N I T
Exercises 84.1 Write much or many. D id yo u bu y _쁘딱h foo d? ho tels in this tow n. Th ere aren ’t gas . We nee d to stop and ge t so m e. We don ’t have peo pl e on th e train? Were there stud ents fa il th e exa m ? Did mo ney. 6 ’ Paula do esn ’ t have 7. [ wasn ’t hungry, so r di dn ’t ea t 8 [ don ’t know w h ere Ga ry li ves these days . r have n ’t see n him fo r 1. 2. 3. 4. S.
yea rs.
Write How much or How many. 9. 10. 11. 12.
peo pl e are co ming to th e pa rt y? l11 ilk sh ould [ ge t at t he sto re? brea d did yo u bu y? players are there on a foo tball tea m ?
84.2 Complete the sentences. Use much or many with these words: hoo l{~
1.
2. 3. 4. 5 6.
countries
luggage
people
tlme
1 do n ’ t rea d ve ry mu ch . [ do n ’ t have rnanv books Hurry up! 낸!e do n ’ t have Do yo u travε 1 a lo t? H ave yo u bee n to T ina hasn ’ t li ve d here very lo ng , so sh e doesn ’ t know “ Do yo u have ?" [know Tokyo very well. r’ ve bee n there
t1 mes
• >
“ N 0 , only this bag."
84.3 Complete the sentences. Use a lot of + these words: accidents 1. 2. 3. 4. S.
hoo l“
fun
interesting things
traffic
[like rea ding. 1 have a /ot of books We enjoyed our visit to th e mu se um. We saw T his road is very dangero us. T here are We enj oye d o ur vaca ti o n.We had [t too k m e a lo ng tim e to dri ve here. There was
84.4 [n some of these sentences much is not natura l. Change the sentences or write OK. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5‘ 6. 7.
Do yo u drink mu ch co ffee? [drink l11 u ch tea. [t was a cold w inte r. We had mu ch snow. T h ere wasn ’ t mu ch snow last w inte r. lt cos ts mu ch m on eY to travel aro und the wo rld. T his pen was ch ea p. lt didn ’ t cost 띤브 c h . Do you know 핀브다1 abo ut co mputers?
OK a 피입f tea
84.5 Write sentences about these people. Use much and a lot. 1. Jil11 loves movies . (go to the m ov ies) He aoes to the movies α /ot 2. Ni cole thinks T V is bo rin g. (wa tch TV) 5he doesn't watch 7v much 3. 4. S. 6.
T ina is a good tenni s pl aye r. (play tenni s) M artin do esn ’ t like to dri ve . (use hi s car) Paul spends mo st of the tim e at hom e. (go out) Su e has bee n a11 ove r the wo rld . (travel)
She He
169
(a) little
(a) few
(a) little
+ uncountable η oun:
(a) few
+ plu ral nouη:
(a) (a) (a) (a)
water time money soup
(a) (a) (a) (a)
books questions people days
little little little little
few few few few
a little water
= som e but
a little • •
•
a few books
no t mu ch
a few
Sh e didn ’t eat anything , but sh e drank a little water. 1 speak a little Spanish . (= some Spanish but no t much) A: Can you speak Spanish? B: A little .
• • • •
= some but n ot many
Exc use m e, 1 have to make a few phone calls. We ’re going away fo r a few days. 1 speak a few words of Spanish. A: Do you h ave any stamps? B: Yes , a few . Do you wan t one?
X few (ψithout a) = almost no
X빠 liitt이Iμe 따 (u ψ4ν 씨/
nothing •
T h ere was little food in th e fr idge. It was almost empty.
•
There were few people in the th eate r. It was almost emp ty.
You can say very few : • Your E n glish is very good.Yo u make very few mistakes .
little an d a little
few and a few
A little is a positive idea: • T h ey h ave a little money, so th ey ’re not poo r. (= they have some money)
A few is a positive idea: • 1 have a few fr iends, so 1’ m n ot lonely. (= 1 h ave some fr iends)
Li ttle (or very little) is a η egative idea: • T h ey h ave (very) little mone y. T h ey are very poo r. (= almost no m on ey)
Few (or very few) is a ηegative idea : • 1’ m sad an d 1’ m lonely. 1 have (very) few friends. (= almost no fr iends)
Llt펴 little )
J
GJGJ
cou nta bIe/u nco untabl e • Units 68-69
GJGJ
au
’앤
I have a little , money. ,)
빼니빼
You can say very little • Dan is very thin beca use h e eats very little . (= almost nothing)
W
i J
f \*
GJGJ
‘
I have few
fr iends ‘
.../
GJGJ
x
U N I T
Exercises 85.1 Answer the questions with a little or a few. 1 2. 3. 4. 5 6.
" “ Do you have any mon ey?" “ Yes , _좌파따 " “ Do you have any envelopes?" “ Yes , “ Do you want sugar in yo ur coffee?" “ Yes , “ Did you take any pictures when you were on vacation?" “ Does your friend sp ea k English?" “ Yes , “ Are there any good restaurants in this town?" “ Yes ,
, please ”
"
‘‘ Yes , " ”
85.2 Write a little or a few + these words: chairs
days
fresh air
friends
milk
1. Martin speaks Italian well. He lived in Italy for
ttmes
Russian
-，.e융f'S-
a few.ιears
2. Can 1 have in my coffee , please? ago-” 3 “ When did Julia leave?" “ 4 “ Do you speak any foreign languages?" “ 1 can speak 5 “ Are you going out alone?" “ No , I ’ m going with 6 “ Have you ever been to Mexico?" “ Yes , 7. There wasn ’ t much furniture in the room - just a table and
" "
"
8. 1’ m going out for a walk. 1 need
85.3 Complete the sentences. Use very little or very few + these words: coffee
hotels
people
raln
time
Your English is very good. You make ~영gιfew mistakes 1 drink . 1 don ’ t like it The weather here is very dry in summe r. There is 1t ’s difficult to find a place to stay in this town. There are 5. Hurry up. We ’ ve got 6. The town is very quiet at nigh t. 7. Some people in the office are very lazy. They do
work
1. 2. 3. 4.
•
go out. •
85.4 Write little / a little or few / a few. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
There was I따ι_ food in the fridge. It was almost empty “ When did Sarah go out?" “ l111runes ago-” 1 ca n ’ t decide now. 1 need time to think about it. There was traffic , so we arrived earlier than we expected. The bus service isn ’ t very good at night - there are buses after 9:00. “ Would you like some so up?" “ Yes , , please." They sent us a map , so we had trouble finding their house.
85.5 Right or wrong? Change the sentences where necessary. Write OK if the sentence is correct. 1. We ’ re going away ~한웰 next week 2. Everybody needs littl e luck. 3. 1 can ’ t talk to you now - 1’ ve got few things to do
4. 5. 6. 7.
.fUL깅Jf.ι깅a~
1 eat very little meat - 1 don ’t like it very much Excuse me , can 1 ask you few questions? There were little people 011 the bus - it was almost empty. Martin is a very private perso n. Few people know him well.
171
old/nice/interesting , etc. (adjectives) A djective
+ noun (nice day / blue eyes , etc.) a껴’ectíve
It ’s a nice La u ra has brown T h ere ’s a very old 00 you like ltalian 1 d o n ’ t sp eak any foreign T h ere a rε so m e beautiful yellow
+ noun day to day. eyes. church in thi s town food ? languages . flowers in the ga rden .
The adj ecti ve is b뼈 re th e n o un • T h ey live in a modern house . (not a h o use m o d ern) • H ave yo u m et any famous people ? (not p eopl e famo us) T h e ending o f an adj ec ti ve is always the sa m e: a different pl ace different places (not differents) Be (am / is / was , et c.)
+
a깨‘ ectíve
I'm hungry . • • • • • •
T he wea th er is nice to day. T h ese fl owe rs are ve ry beautifu l. Are yo u cold ? Sh o uld 1 c1 0se the w indow? 1’ m hungry. Ca n 1 have so m ething to ea t? T h e m ovie wasn ’ t very good. It was boring. Please be quiet. 1’ m rea ding.
Look/ fee l/ smell/ taste / sound +
a 껴j ect i ve "-1
It smells good ‘
You sound happy ‘ Ye s, I feel tired
~썼=-"'=없느」
• • •
샤
“ You look tired." “ Yes , 1 feel tired." Gary told m e ab o ut his n ew j o b. It sounds ve ry interesting 1’ m n o t goi n g to eat this fi sh. It doesn ’ t smell good.
Compare : •
IS
He
feels looks
tired.
Th ey
get + adjective (get hungry/tired , et c. ) •
are look sound
•
IS
happy .
smells taste s
Unit 57 something/anybody + adjective •
good
Unit 80
U N I T
Exercises 86.1 Put the words in the right order. 1 2. 3. 4. 5.
ηlev
(new / live in / house / th ey / a) (like / jacket / 1 / that / gree n) (l11 usic / like / do / class ical / yo u?) (had / wo nderful / a / 1 / tr ip) (went to / restaurant / a / j apanese / we)
live in a new house
00
86.2 The words below are adjectives (dark/foreign , etc.) or nouns (air/job , et c.). Use an
뼈
au clouds
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
AU
Ju
뺑샤뼈
adjective and a noun to complete each sentence. 옳R쩔ft
fresh
hot job
knife
long sharp
vaca t1 0n water
> 00 yo u speak any 따땅n la명쁘딴 Look at those _ . [t ’s gomg to ram . Sue works very hard , and she ’s ve ry ti red . She needs a to l11 a ke tea . Yo u need Ca n yo u open the window? 재1e need SO l11 e 1 n eed a to cut these on ions. F irε fi g h t in g is a
86.3 Write sentences for the pictures. Choose from the boxes. look(s) smell(s)
1. ( You
taste(s)
happ￥
+
new
?
You
3
surprised terrible
3
、
4.
빼
feel(s) look(s)
m
’
、、 “
I
一-‘
//
-
6
They
It
86.4 A and B don ’ t agree. Complete B’5 sentences. Use fee l/ look , etc. A
2 3. 4.
5. 6.
You loo k tired. This is a new coa t. I ’ m A l11 erican. You look cold. T h ese bags are heavy. Th at so up loo ks good.
B
I 1 do? [
don't feel tired
It is? It doesn ’t You are? Yo u R eally? 1 T hey are? T h ey M aybe , but it
(feel) (loo k) (soun d) (feel) (l oo k) (tas te)
173
quickly/badly/suddenly, etc. (adverbs) 7: 12
7:10
H e ate his dinner very
7: 15
qui c1이y.
Suddenly , the sh elf fell down.
Quickly and suddenly are adverbs
quick quickly
adverb
%
bad badly
• • • •
11 0ψ
careful carefully
easy • easily
For spelling , see App endix 5 Adverbs tell yo u
Vι
aψectwe
삐
+ -ly • adverb
빼빼
aψec ti ve
som ething h app ens o r
11 0ψ
heavy heavily
etc.
h eavy -• h eavily so m ebo dy does som ething:
The train stopped suddenly. 1 opened the doo r slowly . Please listen carefully. 1 understand yo u perfectly.
It ’s raining heavi1 y. Co mp are: ad ψ ljeκCα 띠 tw
• • • •
adverb • Sue speaks very quietly. (not spea ks ve ry quiet) • Listen carefully! (not listen careful) • O ur tea m played badly. (no t played bad) • 1 waited nervously .
Sue is very quiet Be careful! It was a bad game. 1 fe 1t nervous . (= 1 was nervous) ..'"
-，~
Hard
fast
late
'"-~'"~~~-
- -"---'-'~~~-------，，"，'，-，，，-→…
....
-~._--
early
T h ese wo rds are adj ec tives and adverb s: • • •
Sue ’s j ob is very hard . Ben is a fast runner . T h e bus was late / early .
• • •
Sue works very hard . (not hardly) Ben can run fast. 1 went to bed late / early. ò'.z- ~' -. - ，，~‘:
Good • •
μ dject i ve)
•
:→""-~"""
well (a dverb)
Your E nglish is ve ry good . It was a good game .
• •
Yo u speak English very well. (not very goo d) O ur team played well.
But well is also an a 에’ ect i ve (= n ot sick , in goo d h ealth): • “ How are you ?" “ I ’ m very well , thank yo u. And yo u?" adjectives • Unit 86
•
ι 3
U N I T
Exercises
1
87.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with these adverbs: a n g rily
badly
dangerously
판%￥삼γ
fa st
quietly 「
4
3.
-
...-
4. She sh o uted at m e 5. She ca n run very 6. H e was dri ving
1. 1t ’s rammg
•
87.2 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes. corne explain 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
know 깊앞 en
sleep think
、1V 1n
work
+
빼 빼
야쁘& 2. H e sings very 3. T h ey ca m e in
6.
3
clearly easily
hard quickly
well well
1’ 111 go ing to tell yo u so m ething very imp o rtant , so pl ease /,Isten car，eft꾀& T h ey . At th e end of th e day they ’ re always tired las t nigh t. 1’ m ti re d this m o rning. 1 d idn ’t Yo u play chess mu ch better than m e. When we play, yo u always befo re you answe r th e qu estio n . [ ’ ve m et Ali ce a few times , but 1 d on ’ t her ver y . 매1e neve r O ur teach er doesn ’t thin gs ver y und erstand him H elen l 1 n eed yo ur help.
87.3 Which is righ t? 1. Do n ’t ea t so 녕버f논/ q ui ckl v. It ’s no t goo d fo r yo u. (q 띠ck l y is right)
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1.
Why are yo u angrv / angriJ v? 1 didn ’ t do any thing. Ca n yo u sp ea k slow / sJowJy , please ? Co m e o n , Dave ! Why are yo u always so slow / slow lv? B ill is a very careful / ca re fu JJ v drive r J an e is studying hard / hardlv fo r her exam s. “ Wh ere ’s Diane?" “ Sh e was here , b ut sh e left sudd en / sudd enlv ” Pl ease be qui et / qui etl v. 1’ m studying. So m e comp ani es pay th eir wo rkers ve ry bad / badl v. T hose o ranges loo k ni ce / ni celv. Ca n 1 have o ne? 1 do n ’ t rem emb er mu ch abo ut the acc id ent. Eve rything happ ened 9uick / q ui ckl v.
87.4 Write good or well. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Yo ur E ngli sh is very _양으ι_ .Yo u speak it very w센 Jac ki e did very o n th e quiz to day T h e party w as ve ry . 1 enj oye d it a lo t. M artin has a diffi cult j ob , but he does it ? H ow are your parents? Are th ey vaca tio n ? W as th e wea th er D id yo u have a
>
175
old/older
expensive / more expensive
I'm 92.
$'7응
I'm 93 ‘
older
h eavy
heavier
expen Slve
Older 1 heavier 1 more expensive are comparative for l11 s T h e comp arative is -er (older) o r more ... (more expensive) Older I heavier , etc. Sh o rt words (1 syllabl e) -• -er: old • older slow • slower m ce -+ nlcer late • later For sp elling , see App endix 5.
big -• bigger
Words endin g in -y • -ier: easy • easler h eavy • heavier
ch ea p • cheaper big • bigger h o t • h o tter
thin • thinner
ea r1 y • earlier
R Ol11 e is old , but A th ens is older. (not more old) 1s it cheaper to go by ca r o r by train ? (not l11 0 re cheap) H elen wa nts a bigger ca r. T his coa t is OK , bu t I think the oth er one is nicer . Don ’t take th e bus. 1t ’s easier to take a tax i. (nof more easy)
• • • • •
Far • farther : • “ H ow far is it to th e sta tio n ? A mile?"
“ No , it ’s farther. Ab o ut two
l11 iles ."
More. Lo ng words (2 /3 14 syllables) • rnore .. . : ca reful • more careful p olite -• more polite exp enslve • more expenslve 1l1 te res tI ng • more interesting • • •
Yo u sh o uld be more careful I do n ’ t like l11y j ob. 1 wa n t to do s0 l11 ethi ng more interesting. Is it more expensive to go by car or by trai n ?
Good/well • better • l
•
。 Ider
bad • worse
T h e wea ther wasn ’t very good yesterday, but it ’s better today. “ D o yo u feel better today?" “ No , I fee l worse ." W hi ch is worse - a headach e or a toothac he?
than . . . / more expensive than • Unit 89 the oldest / the most expensive • Unit 91
R
e
뼈
old
m
‘
e m.
M
U N I T
Exercises 88.1
Look at the pictures and write the comparative
(older / more interesting, etc.).
2. bi g
1. heavy
3. slow
turtle
heavier 4. exp ensive
5. hi gh
6. dangero us
4, 000
111
/
5,000
/1'1
f깃
.-/ ;"
‘、 /
88.2 Write the comparative. 2 3 4
5
o ld strong happy mod ern lmp o rtant
o/der
6
good 7 large 8 se n o us 9 pretty 10. crow d ed
88.3 Write the opposite. o/der younge r
4
cold er ch ea per
5 6
2‘
3
bett er n ea rer eas ler
88.4 Complete the sentences. Use a comparative. 1. H elen ’s ca r Isn ’ t ve ry big. She wa nts a
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
11. 12 .
13.
14. 15. 16.
,
b [}[}er
o ne. M y j o b isn ’ t ve r y interestin g. [ wa n t to do so m ethin g m ore mterestm[} Yo u ’ re not ve ry tall. Yo ur b ro th er is Oavid does n ’t wo rk very hard . [ wo rk M y chair isn ’ t ve ry comfo rtable.Yo urs is • Yo ur id ea isn ’ t very goo d . M y id ea is These f1 。、Ne r s aren ’ t ve ry n ice. Th e blu e o nes are M y suitcase isn ’ t ve ry heav y. Yo ur suitcase is [’ m n o t ver y interested in art. 1’ m in hi sto ry [t isn ’ t ve ry wa rm today. 1t was yeste rday These to mato es do n ’ t tas te ve ry good. Th e o th er o n es tas ted Peru isn ’t ve ry bi g. Brazil is Los An geles isn ’ t ve ry bea utifu l. Sa n Francisco is o ne ;l This knife isn ’ t very sharp. 00 yo u have a Peopl e to day aren ’t very po lite. [n th e pas t th ey were Th e wea ther isn ’t too bad to day. üften it is mu ch
177
older than ... |’ m taller
more expensive than ...
than you
• ’•,. x
Hotel Prices ......... .. ‘ ”
’ . . ... . . .. . .. . . .. . ..... .. ...... ‘ .... . ..... . .. . .... . ....... .. ..... . .....
Capitol Hotel
$350
Grand Hotel
$130 $175
Western Hotel Sh e ’s taller than him.
“ ’ .. . . . .. . •
T h e Capitol H otel is more expensive than th e Grand H o te 1.
We use than after comparatives (older than ... / more expensive than ... , etc.): • Athens is older than Rome. • Are oranges more expensive than bananas? • It ’s easier to take a taxi than to take the bus. • “ How are you today?" “ Not bad. Better than yesterda y." • T he restaurant is more crowded than usua1. We usually say: than me / than him / than her / than us / than them. You can say • 1 can run faster than him. or 1 can run faster than he can. • You are a better singer than me . or You are a better singer than 1 am. • 1 go t up earli er than her. or 1 got up earlier than she did More / less than
• • • •
60
A: How much did your shoes cost? Fifty dollars? B ’ No , more than that. (= more than $50) The movie was very short - less than an hour They ’ ve got more money than they need. You go out more than me.
MORETHAN 50
50
40
LESSTHAN 50
A little older / much older , et c.
Box A is a little bigger than Box B.
a little much
bigger older better more diffìc ult more expe nslve
• • th an .. .
old • older, expensive • more expensive •
• •
Box C is much bigger than Box D. Canada is much bigger than France. Sue is a little older than Gary - she ’s 25 and he ’s 24. The h otel was much more expensive than 1 expected. You go out much more than me.
Unit 88 not as ... as •
Unit 90
U N I T
Exercises 89.1
Write sentences about Li z and Ben. Use
than.
Li z
Ben
/Z 1. I ’ m 26.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7
8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
2 3 4 5 6
2 3 4 5 6
I ’ m not a very good swimme r. I ’ m 5 feet 10 inches tal l. 1 start work at 8:00. 1 don ’ t work very hard. 1 don ’ t have much money I ’ m a very good drive r. I ’ m not very patlent. I ’ m not a very good dance r. 1’ m very intelligent 1 speak Spanish very well. 1 don ’ t go to the movies very much.
Liz is older than Ben fS a better swimmer thαn Uz Ben Liz is Liz starts Ben Ben has
than. tα Iler than
7
8. 9 10. 1 1. 12.
I ’ m 24. I ’ m a very good swimme r. I ’ m 5 feet 8 inches tall 1 start work at 8:30 1 work very hard 1 have a lot of money I ’ m not a very good driver I ’ m very patlen t. I ’ m a good danc er 1’ m not very intelligent. 1 don ’t speak Spanish very well 1 go to the movies a lot
7. Liz is a
Ben
8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12.
Ben Ben Liz Liz Ben
89.2 Complete the sentences. Use 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1.
hirη He isn ’ t very tal l. You're She isn ’t vεry old. You ’ re 1 don ’ t work very hard. You work He doesn ’t watch TV very much. You I ’ m not a very good cook. You We don ’ t know many people. You They don ’ t have much money. You 1 can ’ t run very fas t. You can She hasn ’t been here very long. You They didn ’ t get up very earl y. You He wasn ’ t very surprised. You
89.3 Complete the sentences with
OR
taller than he is • • • •
a little or much + comparative (older/better, et c.).
1. Emma is 18 months old. Gary is 16 months old Emma f5 a /f ttle older thα n Garv
2. Jack ’s mother is 52. His father is 69. Jack ’s mother 3. My camera cos t $100.Yours cost $96. My camera 4. Yesterday 1 felt terrible. Today 1 feel OK 1 feel 5. Today the temperature is 12 degrees Celsius. Yesterday it was 10 degrees Celsius. 6. Sarah is an excellent volleyball playe r. 1’ m not very good Sarah 179
not as ... as N ot as ... as |’ m 93
|’ m 96
She ’s old , but she ’s not as old as he is • • • •
BoxA isn ’t as hig as Box B.
RO l11e is not as old as Athe ns. (= Athens is old er) The G rand H o tel isn ’ t as expensive as th e W estern. (= the Western is more expensive) I do n ’ t play soccer as often as yo u. (= yo u pl ay more often) The wea ther is be tter than it was yes te rday. It isn't as cold. (= as cold as it was yesterday)
N ot as much as ... / not as many as • I don ’t have as much money as yo u . (= yo u have more money) • 1 do n ’ t know as many people as yo u. (= yo u know more people) • I don ’ t go o ut as much as yo u. (= yo u go o ut more) Co mp are not as ... as and than: • • •
R o m e is not as old as Athens . Athens is older than R o m e. (110t old er as R Ol11 e) Tenni s isn ’ t as popular as socce r. Soccer is more popular than tennis. [don ’ t go o ut as much as yo u . Yo u go o ut more than m e.
W e usually say: as me / as him / as her , etc Yo u ca n say : • Sh e ’s n o t as old as him. 0 1' Sh e ’s n o t as old as he is. • Yo u do n ’ t wo rk as hard as me. 0 1' Yo u do n ’t wo rk as h ard as 1 do. We say the same as • The wea ther today is the same as yes terday. • M y hair is the same color as yo urs • I arrive d at the same time as Tim.
much/many • Unit 84 older than ... / more expensive than .
•
Unit 89
U N I T
Exercises 90.1
Look at the pictures and write sentences about A, B, and C. 1
2.
3.
A
A
B
B
C 5.
4. |’ m45.
|’ m 50
|’ m 40 ‘
C 6. 1don ’t wor k very hard.
A
A A
1have $5 , 000
2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
A A C A B C
is b,9.E er than C but not as b;9 as B is is is has wo rks
1have $3 ,000
1have $4 ,000
1work very hard
F훨 휠훌 B
1work hard , but not too hard.
c.
B , but not A , but , but
90.2 Write sentences with as ... as .... 2. 3. 4.
5 6.
Ath ens is old er th an R ome. M y roo m is bi gge r th an yours You go t up ea rlier than me We played better th an them I ’ ve bee n here longe r than yo u She ’s more nervo us than him.
R ome ;sn't as old as Athens Your ro om isn ’t 1 didn ’t T hey Yo u He
90.3 Write as or than. Athens is older than R ome 2 1 don ’ t watch TV as mu ch yo u. 111ε 3 Yo u ea t more 4. I ’ m more tired today 1 was yesterday. 1
5. Joe isn ’ t as intelligent 6 Belgium is smaller 7 Brazil isn ’ t as big 8. 1 can ’ t wa lt more
he thinks. S wit ze 미r1 a nd
Ca nada an hou r.
90.4 Complete the sentences about Julia , Andy, and Laura. Use the same age / the same street, etc.
|’ m 22.
|’ m 24.
|’ m 24.
1live on Hil l Street Igotupat7:15 1don ’ t have a car.
1live on Baker Street 1got up at 7:15. My car is dark blue
1live on Hi ll Stree t. 1got up at 7:4 5. 1have a car. It ’5 dark blue.
‘
J u 1ia (age) 2. (s tree t) 3. (time) 4. (color) 1.
Andy
Laura
Andv ;s the same aae as Laura Julia li ves Julia go t up Andy ’s
181
the oldest
the most expensive
~MESTO ‘ .. .. .. .. ‘ .... ... . .... ..••...
‘ . . .. .. .. ‘ ·
‘ .... ... .. . ‘
Best West Motel $135 Sleep Inn $105 Rainbow Motel $95
D Box A is bigger than Box B. Box A is bigger than al1 the other boxes. Box A is the biggest b ox.
.“
..... ..... ’ “ ‘·‘ ... ‘ . ... ‘ ........ .
Oak Tree Motel Cozy Cabins Lake View Inn
Biggest / oldest / most expensive , et c. are 5uperlative forms. ( 이 dest )
or most ... (most expensive).
Sh ort wo rds (old / cheap / nice , etc.) • the -est: ch eap • the cheapest old • the oldest but good • the best bad • the worst For spelling see App endix 5.
big -• the biggest
Words ending in -y (easy / heavy , et c.) • the -iest: heavy • the heaviest easy • the easiest
nI
ce • the nicest
hot • the h ottes t pretty -• the prettiest
Lo ng words (carefu l/ expensive / interesting , et c.) • the most careful • the most careful interesting • the most interesting
We say the oldest ... / the m ost exp ensive ... , etc. (with the): • The church is very old. It ’s the oldest building in the town. (= it is older than all the o ther buildings) • What is the longest river in the world ? • Money is imp ortant , but it isn ’t the most important thing in life. • Excuse m e , where is the nearest bank? Yo u ca n use the oldest / the best / the most expensive , etc. w ithout a no un : • Ken is a goo d player , but h e isn ’t the best on the team . (the best = the b est playe r) You can use 5 “~p e rla ti ve + 1’ ve ever . .. / you ’ ve ever ... , etc.: • The m ovie was very bad. 1 think it ’s the worst m ovie 1’ ve ever seen . • What is the most unusual thing you ’ ve ever done ?
present perfect + ever • Unit 16
미 der
$60 $50
T h e Best West M otel is more expensive than th e Sleep Inn. T h e Best West Motel is more expensive than all the other m o tels in tow n. T h e B est West Motel is the most expensive motel in town.
Bigger / older / more expensive , et c. are compa rative forms (• Unit 88) .
The sup erlative form is -est
$85
/ more expensive • Units 88- 89
Exercises
U N I T
91.1 Write sentences with comparatives (older, etc.) and superlatives (the oldest, et c.). big/ small (A/D) A프2!g양약띠E으 A Is the blaaest (A)
B Is the smallest
(B)
‘
2
A
A
B
B
c
C
D 3.
I
I’ m 23
DI 19.
|’ m
long/ short (C / A) C is (D) D is (B) B is
A
|’ m 21.
l’ m 24.
yo ung/ old (D / C) D
(c)
(B) B
D
4.
expensive/ cheap (D / A )
(c) (A)
B
5
A excεμent B rd bad C gxd bμt. rd D aJ뻐ι
RESTA lÆRANT RESTAlÆRANT RESTA lÆRANT RESTA lÆRANT
wo，뼈erμ
go od/ bad (A / C) (A)
(D)
91.2 Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest, etc.). This build ing is ve ry old. It ’s the It was a very happy day. l t was 1t ’s a very good movie. lt ’s She ’s a ve ry popular singe r. She ’s It was a ve ry bad mistake. It was 1t ’s a ve ry pretty ci t y. 1t ’s It was a very cold day. It was He ’'s a ve ry borin g person . H e ’s
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
oldest bulldlnq
111
town. of my life 1’ ve ever seen in th e co untry. I ’ ve eve r made I ’ve eve r seen. of the yea r. I ’ ve eve r met .
繼總빼
1.
F
·n
a
피 앙
B
，잉
g캉
E
빼빠’밴
91.3 Write sentences with a superlative (the longest, etc.). Choose from the boxes. e
high large long
elty country mountaln
nver state planet
Africa
South America the world the United States the solar system
5vdnev IS the laraest citv In Australia
2 . Everest
3’ 4‘ 5 6.
183
enough I on ly have two dol lars -
not enough for a taxi.
H e can ’ t rea ch the sh elf H e isn 't tall enough.
Sh e isn ’ t going to take a taxi Sh e doesn ’ t have enough money .
Enough + no un (enough money / enough people , etc.) l “ Is there enough salt in the soup?" “ Yes , it ’s fin e." • We wan ted to play foo tball , but we didn ’ t have enough players • Why do n ’t yo u buy a car? Yo u ’ ve got enough money. (not m oney en ou gh) Enough w itho ut a no un • 1’ ve got so m e m o n ey, but not enough to buy a ca r (= 1 n ee d m o re m o n ey to buy a car) • “ Wo uld yo u like som e m ore to ea t?" “ N o , thanks . 1’ve had enough." • You ’re always at h om e.You do n ’ t go o ut enough.
Adjective + enough (good enough / tall enough , etc.) • “ Do yo u wa nt to go swimming?" “ No , it is따 warm enough ." (not en ough wa rm) • Can yo u hear th e radio? Is it loud enough for yo u ? • Don ’ t buy that coat. It ’'s nice , but it isn ’ t long enough. (= it ’'s too sho rt) Re m emb er : enough
+
no μ n
adjective + enough
but
enough m on ey enough tim e enough p eople 매le
tall enough good enough old enough
say
τnough for so m ebo dy/ so m ething enough to do som ething
V // J
m 염
d
빼
o m
鋼 빼
빽뼈
h (m
tO . . . andfor ... • Unit 55 too • Unit 93
• •
T his swea ter isn ’ t big enough for me . 1 don ’t have enough money for a new car
•
1 don ’t h ave enough money to buy a new ca r. (not for buy) Is yo ur E nglish good enough to have a co nversation ? (not fo r have)
• •
T h ere aren ’ t enough chairs for everybody to sit down
U N I T
Exercises 92.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use enough + these words: chairs
pamt
뺏 oney
wind 3.
2.
I only have $10
4.
1íCI< ETS
-
。。
en o uα h money
1. She doesn ’ t have 2 . There aren ’ t
She doesn ’t have 4. T here isn ’ t
3.
92.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use these adjectives + enough: hig
long
strong
-t하}
2
3.
H e I5n't tall enouah 2. The car 1.
4
3. Hi s legs aren ’t 4. H e
92.3 Complete the sentences. Use enough with these words: hig
eat
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
old
웅와←
practice
space
tnne
tired
enough 5alt
in the so up? " “ Yes , it ’s fìn e." Ca n yo u hear the radio? ls it 1oud enouah for yo u? H e ca n quit sc hool if he wants - he ’s When 1 visited N ew York last year , 1 didn ’t have the things 1 wanted to see This ho use isn ’ t for a large family. T ina is very thin. She doesn ’t M y offìce is very smal l. There isn't 1t ’s late , but 1 don ’ t want to go to bed now. 1’ m no t Lisa isn ’t a very good tennis player because she doesn ’t
1. “ ls th ere
2. 3. 4.
..ffl월tl-
92.4 Comp|ete the 5entence5. Use enough with these words: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
We don ’ t have enouah money to buv T his knife isn ’t T he water wasn't Do we have We played well , but not 1 don ’ t have
a
ne 、v
to see all
•
+ (money I buy)
car tomatoes . swimming. sandwiches? the game. the newspape r.
(s harp I cut) (wa rm I go) (bread I make) (well I win) (time I read)
185
too
yj;I A
The shoes are too hig for him
There is too much sugar in i t.
Too + a ψective / adverb (too hig / too hard , etc.) • Can you turn the radio down? It ’s too loud. (= louder than 1 want) • 1 can't work. 1’ m too tired. • 1 think you work too hard.
It ’ 5 too loud.
Too much / too many = more than you want , more than is good: • 1 don ’t like the weather here. There is too much rain. (= more rain than is good) • Let ’s go to another restaurant. There are too many people here. • Emily studies all the time. 1 think she studies too much. • Traffic is a problem in this town. There are too many cars. Compare too and not enough: • • • •
The hat is too hig for him. The radio is too loud. Can you turn it down , please? There ’s too much sugar in my coffee. (= more sugar than 1 want) 1 don ’ t feel very well. 1 ate too much.
too hig • • • •
The hat isn't hig enough for him. (= it ’s too small) The radio isn ’ t loud enough. Can you turn it up , please? There ’s not enough sugar in my coffee. (= 1 need more sugar) You ’re very thin.You don ’ t eat enough.
not hig enough
We say I
too . . . for somebody/ something
• •
These shoes are too hig for me. It ’s a small house - too small for a large family.
too . . . to do something
• •
1’ m too tired to go out. (not for go out) It ’s too cold to sit outside.
too . . . for somebody to do something
•
She speaks too fast for me to understand.
tO ... andfor ... • Unit 55 much/many • Unit 84 enough • Unit 92
U N I T
Exercises 93.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use too + these words: hig
crowded
fast
3
2
n
low
4.
5.
6.
‘c
맥 뻐
삐삐뼈
F3
”
•
πQ
9ι
6
，
too /oud
i-pι
4 5
야씨 πu 다
1. The music is 2 . The box is 3. The n et is
lou냥
heavy
•
93.2 Write too / too much / too many or enough. 1. Yo u ’re always at home. You don ’t go o ut
e쁘딘뱉
t00 much
2.
1 don ’t like the weather h ere. There ’s
3.
1 ca n 't wait for them. 1 don ’ t have
4.
There was nowhere to sit on the beach. There were p eople Yo u ’ re always tired. 1 think yo u work hard . “ D id yo u have to eat?" “ Yes , thank yo u ." Yo u drink coffee. It ’s not good fo r yo u Yo u don ’t eat vegetables .You should ea t m o re ofthem. 1 don ’t like the weather here. It ’s cold . O ur tea m didn ’t play wel l. We m ad e mistakes. " “ Wo uld yo u like so m e ice in yo ur tea?" “ Yes , but not •
5.
6 7. 8. 9. 10. 11
933 Comp|ete the sentences. Use too 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
。r
ram t1 m e
enough with these words:
1 co uldn ’t work. 1 was too tired Can yo u turn th e radio up , please? It 1.sn't /oud enouøh. 1 do n ’t want to walk ho m e. rt ’s Don ’ t buy anything in that sto re. lt Yo u can't put a11 your things in this bag. It 1 couldn ’t do th e exercise. 1t Your work n eeds to be bette r. 1t 1 can ’ t talk to yo u n ow. 1 1 thought the movie was bo ring . 1t
i
(tired) (l oud) (βr)
. (exp ensive) (bi g) . (d i 태 C 비 t ) (good) . (bu sy) . (l ong)
93.4 Complete the sentences. Use too (+ adjective) + to .... (1’ m not going o ut / co ld) It ’s t00 co/d t12. 90 out 2. (1’ 111 not going to b ed / ea rly) lt ’s They ’re 3. (they ’re not getting m arri ed / young) 4. (n obody goes out at night / dangero us) 1.
5.
(do n ’ t ca11 Su e now / late) •
6. (1 didn ’ t say anything / surpri se d) 1 was
187
He speaks English very wel l. (word order 1) Verb
+ object
Sue
햄브s
subject
verb
a newspaper every day.
object
The verb (reads) and the object (a newspaper) are usually togethe r. We say: •
Sue reads a newspaper every day. (not Sue reads every day a n ewspaper)
Sue verb +
(s u ωect)
a
neψspaper φ ψect)
0ψect
English very wel 1. (not He speaks ve ry well Engli sh) It alian food ve ry much. (no t 1 like ve ry mu ch ... ) television a11 night? (not Did yo u wa tch a11 night ... ) a black hat . (not Paul wea rs often ... ) a lot of people to the party the door slowly. the same mistake ? some money from the bank.
H e speaks 1 like Did yo u watch Paul often wears We invited Iopened W hy do yo u always make I ’ m going to borrow
Where and when
We w6nt Place •
(where 긴
to a pa떠
last프!gh!J
where?
when?
is usua11y before time
(when η.We
say:
We went to a party last night. (no t We went last night to a party) -""
place (1ν here? )
Lisa wa lks Will you b e 1 usua11y go We arrived They ’ ve lived Joe ’s fat h er has been
to at to at in in
+
work home bed the airport the same house the hospital
.....
一!，;;f"_U-~_ _ ::Z:S
t1 me
(when?
ho ψ
long?
every day tonight ? early at 7:00 . for 20 years. since June.
hoψ oJten η
(not ... every day to work) (not ... tonight at home) (not ... early to bed)
word order in questions • Units 45-4 7 always/u5ually/often. et c. • Unit 95
_ %'--=- -< !2Sli!# ~
U N I T
Exercises 94.1
Right or wrong? Correct the sentences that are wrong. 1. Did you watch 하꿇파꿇값펴~ 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
94.2
OK
Put the words in order. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9. 10. 11 12. 94.3
Sue reads a newspap er every da y. 1 like very much this picture. Tom started last week his new job. 1 want to speak English fluentl y. Jane bought for her friend a present. 1 drink every day three cups of coffee Don ’ t eat your dinner too quickly! 1 borrowed from my brother 50 do11ars.
0 Id-vou wαtch te/evision 0// niah t2
(the door / opened / 1 / slowly) (a new computer / 1 / last week / bought) (finished / Paul / qui ckly / his work) (Emily / very we11 / French / doesn ’ t speak) (a lot of shopping / did / I / yesterday) (N ew York / do you know / we ll?) (we / enjoyed / very much / the party) (the problem / carefu11y / 1 / explained) (we / at the airport / some friends / met) (did you buy / in Canada / that jacket?) (every day / do / the same thing / we) (footba11 / don ’ t like / very much / I)
/ ooened the door s/ow/ι
Put the words in order. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8.
(to work / every day / walks / Lisa) L'50 wo/ks to work eVefγ doy (at thε hotε1 / I / early / arrived) 1 (goes / every year / to Puerto Rico / Julia) Julia (we / since 2002 / here / have lived) W e (in Florida / Sue / in 1984 / was born) Sue (didn ’ t go / yesterday / Paul / to work) Paul (to a wedding / last weekend / went / Helen) Helen (I / in bed / this morning / my breakfast / had)
(in September / Barbara / to co11εge / is going) Barbara 10. (1 / a beautiful bird / this morning / in the garden / saw) 9.
(many timεs / have been / my parents / to Tokyo) My 12. (my umbrella / 1 / last night / left / in the restaurant) 11.
13. (to the movies / tomorrow night / are you going?) Are 14. (the children / I / took / this morning / to school)
189
a Iways/usua Ily/often , etc. (word order 2) T hese words (always/ never , et c.) are with the verb in the middle of a sentence: always
often
ever
rarely
also
already
all
usually
sometimes
never
seldom
just
still
both
• • • • l
•
νly
bro ther never speaks to me. Sh e ’ s always late Do yo u often go to resta urants? 1 sometimes eat too m uch . (or Sometimes 1 eat too mu ch. ) “ Don ’t forge t to call Laura." “ I ’ ve already called h e r." 1’ve got three sisters. T h ey ’ re all married.
Always / never , etc. are before the verb
verb always often never etc
•
go play have et c.
• • • • • •
1 always drink coffee in the m orning. (n. ot 1 d ri nk always coffee) H elen often goes to C hi cago o n business. (η o t H elen goes often) You sometimes look u nhappy. T h ey usually have dinner at 7:00. We rarely (or seldom) watch television. Ric h ard is a good swimme r. H e also plays tennis and volleyball. (n. ot H e pl ays also te n nis) 1’ve got three sisters. T h ey all live in the sa m e cit y.
B ut always / never , etc. are aJter am / is / are / was / were : m I is | always I often are never was etc. were
1. • • • •
• Always / never , et c. are
verb 1 will c an do etc have has
1 am always tired . (n. ot 1 always am tire d) T hey are never at h o m e d uring the day It is usually ve ry cold h ere in the winte r. W h en 1 was a child , 1 was often late fo r sch ool “ 찌r h ere ’s Lau ra?" “ Sh e ’s still in bed." 1’ ve got two broth ers. T h ey ’ re both doc to rs.
betLνee n.
two verb s (have ... been I can ... find , etc.):
verb 2
alway s often never et c.
go find remember etc gone been et c.
• • • • • • •
1 will always remember yo u . It doesn ’ t often rain h ere Do yo u usually drive to work ? 1 can never find my keys. Have yo u ever been to Egyp t? Did the phon e just ring ? T h e children have all finished their ho m ework.
always/never + simple present • Unit 5 justtalready + present perfect • Unit 20 all • Units 81-82 both • Unit 83 still • Unit 96
U N I T
Exercises
95.1 Read Paul ’s answers to the questions. Write sentences about Pa비 with 0빠en/never， et c.
Paul
2
3 4 5 6.
Do you ever play tennis? Do yo u get up early? Are you ever late for work? Do you ever get angry? Do you ever go swimming? Are yo u at home in the evenings?
Paul 0fen
Yεs ，
often. Yes, always No , neve r. Sometimes Rarely. Yes, usua\l y.
썩r.::s
tenms
He He
95.2 Write these sentences with never/always/usually, et c. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13 . 14. 15.
My brother speaks to me. (never) Susan is polite. (always) 1 finish work at 5: 00 . (usua\l y) Sarah has started a new j ob. (j ust) 1 go to bed before midni gh t. (ra rely) The bus isn ’ t late. (usua \l y) 1 do n ’ t ea t fi sh. (often) 1 wi \l forget what yo u sa id. (never) Ha ve yo u lost yo ur passport? (eve r) Do yo u work in th e sa me plac e? (sti \l) They stay at the same hote l. (a lways) Jane do es n ’t work on Saturdays. (usually) Is Tina here? (a lready) What do yo u have for breakfast? (usually) 1 can rememb er his name. (neve r)
My brother never ~eak샅으객E Susan 1 Sarah
95.3 Write sentences with also. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Do yo u play footba ll? (basketball) Do yo u spea k ltalian? (Frenc h) Are you tired? (hungry) Have you been to M ex ico? (G uatemala) Did yo u buy any clothes? (some books)
%s, and I also vlav basketball Yes , and 1 Yes, and Ye s,
95.4 Write sentences with both and all. |’ m married.
I was born in Venezue la I live in Miami.
I live in Lima . I play soccer. l' m a studen t. I have a car 1.
I live in Li ma. I pl ay soccer |’ m a studen t. I have a car
Thev both li‘ve in Lima T hey
socce r. students cars
I
2. They T hey
ma rried. Venezuela.
191
still
already
yet
Still
an hour ago
now
‘‘
ω 」
’h
때뺑
다빼 e
An h o ur ago it was rain ing
It is still rain ing now.
still = som ethi ng is th e same as befo re: • 1 had a lo t to ea t , but 1’ m still hungry. (= 1 was hungr y b efore , and 1’ m hung ry n ow ) l “ D id yo u sell your ca r?" “ N 0 , 1 still h ave it." • “ Do yo u stilllive in Los Angeles?" “ N 0 , 1 live in Sa n Fran cisco n ow." Yet
20 mÎnutes ago
Bill wi ll be here soon
η ow
Where ’ 5 Bill? He’ 5 very late.
ø
o
Twe nty minutes ago th ey we re waiti ng fo r B ill yet
=
T h ey are still waiting fo r Bill Bill hasn't corne yet.
until now
We use yet in
n앵at Î ve
sen ten ces (H e hasn't come ye t. ) and in
q μ estÎons
(Has he com e ye t?).
Yet is usually at th e end of a senten ce : • A: Wh ere ’s E mma? B : Sh e isn't h ere yet. (= sh e w ill be h ere , but until n ow sh e h asn ’t co m e) • A: W h at are yo u doing to ni ght? B: 1 don ’ t kn ow yet . (= 1 w ill know later , but 1 d o n ’t know now) • A: A re yo u ready to go yet? B: Not yet. In a minu te . (= 1 w ill be ready, bu t 1’ m n o t ready now) • A: H ave yo u decided w h at to d o yet ? B: N o , I ’ m still thi n king abo ut i t. Comp are yet and still • Sh e hasn 't left yet . = She ’s still h ere. (not sh e is ye t h ere) • 1 h ave n ’t fini sh ed my h o m ewo rk yet. = 1’ m still d oin g it Already = ea r1 ier than expected: l “ What time is Joe co ming?" “ H e ’s already h ere." (= ea rlier than we expected) l “ I ’ m going to tell yo u w h at h app en ed ." “ T h at ’s n o t necessa ry. 1 already know." • Sa rah isn ’ t co m ing to th e m ovies w ith us. Sh e h as already seen th e film
already/yet + present
perfecνsim 미 e
past •
Unit 20 word order (still/already) • Unit 95
U N I T
Exercises
96.1 You meet Tina. The last time you saw her was two years ago. You ask her some questions with
still.
n d v” u
’
J
m‘ ’ 。
i
、
‘,
n
u
뻐
Tina - two years
ag 。
4.
2. I have an old ca r.
3.
1.
1’ m studying Japanese
2. Do yo u 3 . Are
5.lgotothe movies a lot
I’ m a student
Do vou still tJ lav the tJ iano 2
4.
5.
6. I want to be a teache r.
6
96.2 Write three sentences for each situation. Look at the example
-o -
따
안-
f
α- 4 e「 」
%一川-m
끼-얀-m
m -
m m -
p -
(bifo re) H e was
;ro--BS ----= ~--
-
e -
% -% 따
2. I’ m looking for a job.
「 e 「
(s till ) (yet)
-경-
e
ψ ifor잉
깨듀m껴m-
1.
미 m-
now
뺑빡
bifo re
caref비 Iy.
-경-
3
(still ) H e (ye t)
ye t
(beJore) Sh e
asleep
(still) (ye t)
• 4
(bifo re) T h ey (still) (ye t)
---늦
di /l/1 er
di /l ner
96.3 Write questions with yet. 1.
Yo u and Sue are going o ut toge th e r. You are w aiting fo r h er to ge t read y. M ay b e sh e is rea dy n ow.You ask h er: Are vou readv vet 2 2 . Yo u are waiting fo r H elen to arri ve. Sh e wasn ’ t here 10 minutes ago . Maybe sh e is h ere n ow Yo u as k som ebo dy : H elen 3 . Anna h ad a bloo d tes t and is wa itin g for th e results. M aybe sh e h as gotten h er res ults. Yo u as k h er: yo u 4. A few days ago yo u spo ke to To m . H e wasn ’ t sure w h ere to go fo r hi s vaca ti o n . M ay be h e h as d ecided. YOL1 as k him:
96.4 Complete the sentences. Use already.
2
3 4 5 6
What time is Joe coming? Do you and Joe want to see the movie? 1 have to see Julia befo re she leaves. Do you n ee d a p en? Sh o uld 1 pay the bi ll? Should 1 tell Paul about the meeting?
Hes alreadv h ere. ‘ N o.’ we 've alreadv seen
1
t.
J
1t ’s too late. Sh e N o , thank s. 1 N o , th at ’s O K. 1 N o, h e
o n e.
1 to ld him.
193
Give me that book! glve
lend
pass
send
Give it to me!
show
Sarah
After these verbs (give I lend , et c.), there are two possible structures: give something to somebody • 1 gave the keys to Sarah. give somebody something • 1 gave Sarah the keys.
‘
e
、
，
~
Give something to somebody
That ’s my book These are Sue ’s keys. Can you Can you Did you We ’ ve seen these pi ctures. You
Give • glve • glve lent send showed
something
to somebody
lt
to to to to to to
them these f1 0wers my car a postcard them
me her? your mother? a friend of mine. Kate? us yesterda y.
Give somebody something
Tom How
l11
uch money did you Nicole Can you
Give gave lent lend sent showed pass
somebody
something
e his mother Joe hi l11? you us l11 e
that book. It ’s mme. some f1 owers. some money.
l11
an e-mail. Did you get it? her vacation photo s. the salt , please?
You can also say “ buy/ get somebody something" • 1 bought my mother some flowers. (= 1 bought some flowers for my mothe r.) • Can yo u get me a newspaper w h en yo u go o ut? (= get a newspaper for me) You can say: • 1 gave the keys to Sarah. and 1 gave Sarah the keys. (b ut not 1 gave to Sarah the keys) • That ’s my book. Can you give it to me ? and Can yo u give me that book? (but not Can yo u give to me that book?) We prefer the first structure (give something to somebody) with it o r them • 1 gave it to her. (not 1 gave h er it) • H ere are the keys. Give them to your father . (not Give yo ur father them)
it! him/them , etc
•
Unit 60
U N I T
Exercises 97.1 Mark had some things that he didn ’ t want. He gave them to different people. Sarah
Robert\A neighbor
/' .-
His brother
His sister
Gary
Write sentences beginning He gave ...
He (j ave it to his brother.
1. 2. 3. 4.
What did Mark do with the armchair? What did he do with th e tennis racket? What happ ened to the books? What about the lamp? 5. What did he do with the pictures? 6. And the ladder?
He gave He
97.2 You gave presents to your friends. You decided to give them the things in the pictures. Write a sentence for each person. 1. Paul
2. Joanna
3. Richard
5. Rachel
6.
Kevin
44
,
「 3
/ aave Pau/ a book 1 2. 1 gave 3.
4. Emma
/0
1
97.3 Write questions beginning Can you give me ... ? I Can you pass me ... ?, et c. 1. (you want the salt) (pass) Can -vou /?ass me the sa/t 2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
(you (you (you (you (you (you
need want ne ed want want want
an umbrella) my address) 20 dollars) som e information) to see the letter) some stamp s)
(lend) (give) (l end) (send) (show) (ge t)
Can you Can
yo ur
97.4 Which is right? 1. -l lfflτe to Sa rah t느 e kevs . / I gave Sarah the kevs. (1 gave Sarah the keys is right)
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
I’ 111end to vou some n1. oney ifyou wan t. / I ’ 111end vou some money ifyou want Did you send the letter me? / Did you send the letter to me? 1 want to buv for vou a presen t. / I want to buv vou a prese nt. Can you 12ass to m e th e sugar , please? / Can yo u 12ass me the sugar, please? This is Lisa ’s bag. Can yo u give it to her? / Can yo u 잃뜨h뜨프? I showed to the polic e 0 퍼 cer mv driver ’s license. / I showed th e police office r mv driver ’s li cense.
195
but or so because
and and
or
but
50
becau5e
We use these words (co nj unctions) to j oin two se nten ces . Th ey m ake o n e lo nger senten ce from two sho rter senten ces :
sentence A
The car stopped.
The driver got ou t.
sentence B
The car stopped , and the driver got out.
And/but/or A … ‘d- ’-n -m
st
%
‘
잉
%
π
않 1μ
My - g U He ]
M?
얘 야 ” 까 γ
(r
ν
-
% 6
-따
s
」ω
” μ
Z
ι ”
니
끼
。
J1
ι
’t h x h I b ugLht a m N p % } I t,i e km$ i D wl ”” m U 0 o )
se nteη ce B
and and and but but or
(we) * watc h ed televisio n . (s he) * 1i ves in H o usto n sh e doesn ’ t 1i ke him . 1 didn ’ t rea d i t. it does n ’ t have a ga ragε . are yo u too tired?
*It is n o t n ecessa ry to
repeat “ we" and “ sh e-”
ln lists, we us e co mmas (,) . We use and b efore the last thing • 1 go t ho m e , had something to ea t , sa t down in an armchair, and fell asleep
Jf
/’
• So
Karen is at wo rk , Su e has gon e sh o pping , and C hris is playing foo tball
( th ε
res ult of so m ething)
sen tence A l t was very h ot , Joe plays a lo t of spo rts, T h ey don ’t like to travel ,
sentence B so so so
1 o pen ed th e w indow h e ’s ve ry fi t. th ey haven ’t b ee n to m any places.
Because (the reaso n fo r so m ething) s entence B
sentence A J oε
1 ope n ed the w indow can ’ t come to th e party Lisa is hungry
because because because
it was very h o t. h e ’s leaving town . sh e did n ’t have breakfast
Because is also possible at the b eginning. W e use a comma. • Because it wa5 very hot , 1 op en ed the w indow. ln these examples th ere is m ore th an o ne co njun ctio n: • lt was late and 1 was tired , 50 1 we nt to bed. • 1 love New Yo rk , but 1 wo uldn ’t like to live there because it ’s too big.
when/while/before. et c. •
Unit 99
U N
Exercises
T
98.1 Write sentences. Choose from the boxes and use andlbut/or.
I
L _ __ _ 1
i
ν 、JUεu ‘
•
.. ι
- - - - _ .. -
_ .. -
1 didn ’ t have your numbe r. Should 1 wait here?
-
“‘~ vv ..:lt' a t'“·
1 went to the windo w. 1 wanted to call you. 1 jumped into the rive r. 1 L1 sually drive to work Do yO L1 want me to come with you? 1
1 . .L
...l ~'‘ _ ~~
-1
1 took the bus this morning. - •_
L _ .J
• - '-
1 swam to the other side. 1 looked OL1 t.
/ stayed at home and watched television / bouaht a new5t) a/'J er, but I didn't read it
74
3 4 5 6 7
98.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use and/butlsolbecause. 2.
CØ
3.
MUS E UM
20 m;nufes later
4.
I'm not hungry
Sorry I’ m late
Helen 1 I t was ver y hot , 5으hgpened 2 T hey couldn ’t play tenni s 3 They went to the mu se llm , 4 Bill was n ’ t hllngry,
6.
Goodbye!
Sue
the window
5. Helen was late 6. Su e said
98.3 Write sentences about what you did yesterday. Use andlbut, et c. 냉띤뾰브떡yed at home and studied (a nd) ? / went to bed ve앤썩>.:: because I was tired (b eca us e) 3 A i
,
」J
/ h v
(but) (a nd) (so) (beca use)
197
When ... When 1 went out , it was raining. T his senten ce has two p arts iw hen 1 went out
+
it was raining
You can say: • When 1 went out , it was raining. It was raining w h en I went out
or
We w rite a comma (,) if When ... is at the b eginning: When yo u ’re tired , don ’ t drive D on ’t drive when yo u ’re tired.
• •
H elen was 25 when sh e got m arried. When H elen go t married , she was 25
We do the sam e in sentences w ith before / while / after Always look bo th ways before yo u cross th e stree t . Before yo u cross the street , always loo k both ways.
• l
While I was wai tin g fo r the bus , it b egan to rain It b ega n to rain while I was waiting for th e bus.
l
H e n eve r playe d foo tb a11 again after he bro ke hi s leg. After h e b ro ke his leg , h e n eve r pl aye d foo tba11 again
y
이
따 맨 川빼
N ext week Sarah is goin g to N ew York . She h as a fri end , Lisa , w ho lives in N ew Yo rk , but Lisa is also go ing away - to M exico. So they won ’ t see eac h o th er in N ew York .
mM ,
빠 때
When 1 am . . . / When 1 go . .. , etc.
Lisa w il1 be in M exico when Sarah is in N ewYork.
4갖-
The time is Jutu re (next week) , but we say: when Sarah is in N ew York . (not w h en Sarah wi11 be) Sarah
Li sa • -~----- ~ •. 톨톨
We us e the present (1 am / 1 go , et c.) w ith a 가t ture mea nt ng a 타 e r when: • When I get h ome tonight , I ’ m going to take a showe r. (not When I w i11 get h om e) • I can ’t talk to yo u n ow. I ’ 11 talk to yo u later when 1 have m ore time We do the sam e a산 er before / while / after/ until: • Please close the w indow before yo u go o ut . (not befo re yo u w i11 go) • R ac h el is going to stay in o ur apartm ent while we are away. (not w hile we w ill b e) • I ’ II wa it here until yo u come back . (η ot until yo u will co m e bac k)
if and when • Unit 100 until • Unit 105 before/while/after • Unit 106
Exercises
U N I T
빼 때
+
t
1 go o n vaca tio n the prog ram ended 1 go t to th e h o tel
m
• M
m
m
pl
m
때
When
I ’ m tired 1 called h er
따페
L￦ e nt 융ttt
뼈
I I
빼때뺑
99.1 Write sentences beginning with When. Choose from the boxes.
‘
+ • ~ι
‘“ ““' 5 i
there was no answer llike to w atch TV
When I went out, it was rainina
1. 끼/--ι A4T
「 3
/0
99.2 Complete the sentences using the following: som eb ody broke into the h ouse L ~ C~ ._ ~
‘L ~
νν “2 “-
“
i
__ _ _
‘ Y
‘ι .L
~~~~ ..J >J J
.J‘ “
‘ L ~ ““
_‘- ~ ~ι J “~~.
before they cam e h ere w hile they we re away
w h en they h eard the n ew s they didn ’t believe m e
they we nt to live in France 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
before thev crossed the street They loo ked both ways They were very surprised After they got m arr ied , Their h o use was damaged in a storm Where did they live While we were asleep , When 1 told them what happ en ed ,
;
99.3 Which is righ t? / 1’ 11 stav h ere until vou co m e / VO U’ 11 CO ffi e- back. (I ’ 11 stay and you come are right) 1’ m go in g to b ed when 1 fini sh / 1’ II finish my work. We must do so m ethin g before it ’s / i t will b e too late. H elen is m oving away soo n. 1’ m / 1’ llb e ve ry sad when sh e leaves / she ’ 11 leave. Don ’t go o ut ye t. Wait until th e rain sto ps / wi11 sto p. W ,e come / We ’ 11 come and visit yo u w hen we ’ re / we ’ 11be in Toronto again When 1 come / 1’ 11 come to see yo u tomorrow, 1 brin g: / 1’ 11 bring yo ur DVDs. 1’ 111 go ing to Quebec next week. 1 h o pe to see sO l11 e friends of l11 ine while ! ’ 111 / 1’ 11be there. “ 1 need yo ur address." “ O K , l g: ive / 1’ 11 g: ive it to yo u b efore 1 g: o / 1’ 11 g:o .” 1’ m n ot rea dy ye t. 1 te 11 / 1’ 11 tel! yo u when 1’ 111 / 1’ 11be ready.
1. +몫a v
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 10.
99.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Can yo u close the window before What are you go in g to do when When 1 h ave en o u gh 1110ney, 1’ 11 wa it for yo u w hil e When 1 start my n ew job , Will yo u be h ere when
，인브 9 00ut
>
?
>
199
If we 90 ...
If you see ... , etc. l
Shou ld we take the bus or a taxi?
If we take the bus , it wil l be cheaper
-
We ’ 11 get there more quickl y if we take a taxi
If can be at the beginning of a sentence or in the middle: If at the beginning If we take the bus, If yo u d o n ’ t hurry, If yo u ’ re hungry, If the pho n e rings ,
it w ill b e ch ea p e r. yo u ’ 11 miss the train h ave so m ething to ea t . ca n yo u answe r it , please? if in the middle
It will be ch eap e r Yo u ’ 11 mi ss the train I ’ m go ing to the co n cert Is it O K
if we take the b us if yo u do n ’ t hur ry if 1 ca n ge t a ti cket . if 1 use yo ur p hone?
In conversation , we often use the if-part of the sentence alone: l “ Are you go ing to the concert?" “ Yes , if I can get a ticket." If you see Ann tomorrow ... , et c. After • • • •
if, we u se the present (η ot will). We say if you see ... (η ot if you will see): If you see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to call me? I fI’ m late tonight , don ’ t wait for me. (not if 1 will be) What sh ould we do if it rains ? (not if it wi11 rain) If 1 don ’ t feel we11 tomorrow, 1’ 11 stay home.
If and when If 1 go out = it is possible that 1 wi11 go out , but I' m not sure : • A: Are you going out later? B: Maybe. If I go out , 1’ 11 close the windows. When 1 go out = 1’ m going out (for sure) • A: Are you going out later? B: Yes , 1 am. When I go out , 1’ 11 close the windows . Compare when and if • When 1 get home tonight , 1’ m going to take a sh owe r. • IfI ’ m late tonight , don ’t wait for me. (not When 1’ m late) • We ’re go ing to play basketball if it doesn ’t rain. (not when it doesn ’t rain) when •
Unit 99 if I had I if we went . . . , etc
•
Unit 101
“
•
U N I T
Exercises
따끄
100.1 Write sentences beginning with If. Choose from the boxes. - _ ~
If
1.
+
..
...J ~ ~’
..
L. ____ _
you pass the driving test you fail the driving test you don ’t want this magazine you want those pictures you ’re busy now you ’re hungry you need money
If vou don't
hur.α
+
we can have lunch now you can have them 1 can lend you some y'ou’ 11 get your license I ’ 11 throw it away we can talk later you can take it again
vou'lI be late
2. If you pass 3. If 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
100.2 Which is righ t? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
If I ’ m/부삼쉰e:- late tonight , don ’t wait for me. (I 'm is right) Will you call me if I give / I ’ 11 give you my phone number? Ifthere 표4프i1l b드 a firε ， the alarm wi 1l ring Ifl don ’ t see you tomorrow morning , I call / I ’ 11 cal1 you in thε afternoon I ’ m / I ’ llbe surprised if Martin and Jane get / will get married. Do vou go / Will vou go to the party if thev invite / thev ’ 11 invite you?
100.3 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1. I ’ m going to the concert if I 띄업et a ticket 2. If you don't hurry, you'lI miss the train 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
I don ’ t want to disturb you if If you go to bed early tonight , Turn the television off if Tina won ’ t pass her driving test if If I have time tomorrow, We can go to the beach tomorrow if 1’ 11 be surprised if
100.4 Write if or when. 1. 」L- I ’ m late tonight , don ’t wait for me. I come back , we can have lunch 2. I ’ m going shopping now. I go , wi 1l you come with me? 3. I ’ m thinking of going to see Tim. you don ’ t want to go out tonight , we can stay at home. 4 5. Is it OK I close the window? 6. John is still in high schoo l. he finishes , he wants to go to college. 7. Do you want to go on a picnic tomorrow the weather is good? 8. We ’re going to Mexico City next week 매Te ’re going to look for a hotel we get there. I don ’ t know what we ’ 11 do we don ’ t find a room
201
If 1had ...
If we went ... , etc.
Dan likes fas t cars, but h e doesn ’t have one. He doesn ’t have eno ugh m on ey.
mo떼
」
If h e had the m on ey, h e would buy a fast ca r. Usua11y had is past , but in this senten ce had is not past . If h e had the m on ey = if h e had the mon ey no !ν (but h e doesn ’t have it).
I had / knew / lived / went (et c.) If
I you 1t
th ey, etc.
I
..
didn ’ t have I didn ’ t know (etc.) .. 、vere ... , could ... ,
yo u they they,, et et c. c.
would (n ’ t )
I could (n't) I
buy be have ... go . . . , et c.
You can say: • If he had the m oney, h e would buy a ca r. or H e wo uld buy a car if he had th e m on ey. I ’d I she ’'d I they ’d , et c. = I would I sh e would I they would , et c. : • 1 don ’t know the answe r. If I knew the answer , 1’d tell you • It ’s rain1ng , so we ’re n ot going out. We ’d get wet if we went out. • Jan e lives in a city. Sh e likes citi es . Sh e wouldn ’ t be h appy if sh e lived in the cou ntry. • If yo u didn ’ t have a j ob , w hat would yo u do ? (but yo u have a j ob) • 1’ m sorry 1 can 't h elp yo u . I ’'d help yo u i fI could. (but 1 can 't) • If we had a car, we could travel m o re. (but w e don ’t h ave a car, so we can ’t travel much) If (1) was / were
I wo ul dn ’ t go out if I were you.
You can say if I1 h e / sh elit was or if I1 h e/ sh elit were : • It ’s not a very nice place. 1 wo uldn ’t go there if 1 were you. (or ... if 1 was yo u) • It wo uld b e nice if the weather was bette r. (or . . . if the weather were better) • W hat would Tom do if he were h ere? (o r . . . if he was h ere)
Compare : if 1 have I if it is , etc. • 1 want to go and see H elen . If I have time , I will go today. (= mayb e 1’ 11 h ave time, so m ayb e I ’ 11 go) • I like that j acket. I ’ II buy it if it isn ’ t too exp ensive . (= mayb e it w i11 n ot b e too exp ensive) •
1’ II help yo u if 1 can.
(= m ayb e
1 can help)
if we 90 / if I have / if I can , et c. • Unit 100
if 1 had I if it was , etc. • 1 want to go and see H elen . If 1 had time , 1 would go today. (= 1 do n ’ t h ave time today, so 1 w i11 n ot go) • 1 like that j acket , but it ’s very exp enslve. I ’'d buy it if it wasn ’ t so exp ens 1Ve (= it is exp ensive , so 1’ m no t gom g to buy it) • 1’'d help yo u if 1 could , but 1 can ’t.
U N I T
Exercises 101.1 Complete the sentences.
8. 9.
끼a
j 짧
…
빽
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
「 rL
1 don ’t know the answe r. If 1 knζw the answer , 1’d tell you. 1 have a ca r. 1 couldn ’ t travel very I11Ll ch if 1 didn't have a ca r. 1 don ’ t want to go ou t. If 1 to go out , 1’d go We don ’t have a ke y. lfwe a kεy， we could get into the hO Ll se. h Ll ngr y. 1’ 111 not hungry. 1 would have sOl11 ething to eat if 1 n SLl e enjoys her work. She wO Ll ldn ’ t do it if she n f He can ’ t speak any foreign languages. If he language , l11 aybe he would get a better job harder , yO Ll would have 1110re You don ’t try hard eno Ll gh. lf yO Ll sLl ccess. so much to do , we could go OLl t 1 have a lot to do today. If 1
1.
101.2 Put the verb in the correct form. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 1 1. 12.
lf h싹썩_ the 1110ney, he would buy a fast ca r. (he / have) Jane likes living in a city. 5he wouldn't be happy if she lived in the CO Ll ntry. (she / not / be) If 1 wanted to learn It alian , to Italy. (1 / go) 1 haven ’ t told Helen what happened. She ’d be angry if (she / know) If a l11 ap , 1 could show you where 1 live. (we / have) 찌rhat would you do if a lot of 1110ney? (you / win) It ’s not a very good hote l. there if 1 were you. (1 / not / stay) If closεr to Mia l11 i , we would go there 1110re often. (we / live) 1’ m sorry you have to go now. nice if you had 1110re time. (it / bε) 1’ 111 not going to take the job. 1’d take it if bette r. (the salary / be) 1 don ’t know anything about cars. If l11y car broke down , what to do. (1 / not / know) ? Ifyou could change one thing in the world , what (you / change)
101.3 Complete the sentences. Use the following (with the verb in the correct form): we (have) a bigger house we (buy) a bigger house we (have) some pictures on the wall 1. 1’d buy that jacket if_'t
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
·•
/ L. ~ \
‘
1;•• 1 ~ _ 1‘ ( “‘ ~ -
every day (be) the sa l11 e the air (be) cleaner
1 (watch) it 1 (be) bored
was a little cheaoer
1f there was a good 1110vie on TV tonight , This room would be nicer if If there wasn ’ t so much traffìc , Life would be boring if If 1 had nothing to do , We could invite all our friends to stay if If we had more money,
101.4 Complete the sentences. Use your own ideas. 1. 1’d be happier if I had less work 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
If 1 could go anywhere in the world , 1 wouldn't be very happy if 1’d buy if If 1 saw an accident in thε street , The wo r1 d would be a better place if
203
a person who . .. a thing that/which ... (relative clauses 1) I can spea k six languages.
I
1 m et a wo man. She ca n spea k six langua ges
2 senlc/'l ces she 겨 who - 1 se l1 tence
1 m et a wornan who ca n spea k six languages .
J ac k was w ea ring a ha t. It was too big fo r him.
-
2 sentences
Jack it •
that ’ or which 4 1 SC1'I lel1 ce -
-
Jac k was wea ring a hat that w as too bi g for him. or Jac k was wea ring a hat which was too big for him.
Who is for people (1'1. 01 things): A thief is a person Do you know anybody The rnan The people
who who who who
steals things can play the piano? call ed work in th e 0 태 ce
didn ’ t give his name are very friendly
That is for things or people An airplane is a rnachine E mma lives in a house The people
that fli es that is 100 yea rs old . that work in the o ffi ce
are very friendl y
You can use that for people , but who is more common. Which is for things (/1 01 people): An airplane is a rnachine Emma lives in a house
I which I which
fli es . (not a m ac hine wh o ... ) is 100 yea rs old.
Do not use which for people: • Do you remember the wornan who played the piano at the party? (η01 the woman which ... )
who and which in questions • Units 46, 48 the people we met (relative clauses 2) • Unit 103
U N
Exercises
T
102.1 Choose from the boxes and write sentences: A ... is a person who .... Use a dictionary if necessary. 웅f해ef
a butch er a musl C1 an a pa tJ ent
a a a a
denti st fool ge mus li ar
doesn ’ t tell the truth takes ca re of yo ur teeth is very intellige nt plays a mu sica l in strument
is sick in the hospital ” • ...... .... 1 ... •l.: “ - ~ J
‘
“ ”“
'U
“ §“
does stupid thin gs sells m ea t
A thief is a oerson who steals thinas. A butcher is a person 3. A mu sician 2.
4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
102.2 Make one sentence from two. 1.
(A man
ca llεd.
H e didn ’ t g ive his name.)
7ne man who called didn't aive his name 2.
3 4
(A woman opened th e doo r. She was wea rin g a yellow dress.) The woman (Some students took the tes t. Most of them passed.) Most of the students (A po Ji ce officer stopp ed o ur ca r. He wasn ’t ve ry fri e ndl y.) The
a yellow dress
102.3 Write who or which. 1 1 1l1 et a woman who 2.
3. 4.
5.
0 태 ce?
」이
이
/ t ·
-
J
M -
-、
o - -
야
얘
8. 9.
‘
펙
5. 6. 7.
‘
끼、)
‘,
ok
느
--끼/;
4
A 떠 ef i s~ p erso n which s te꽤 thin gs An airplane is a ll1 achine that f1 ies. A coffee ll1 aker is a ll1achine who 1l1 akes coffee. Have you see n th e 1l1 0ney that was on the table) 1 don ’t like peopl e w hich neve r stop talking 1 know so n'l eb ody that ca n help yo u. 1 kn ow sO ll1 ebody who works in th at store. Correct the sentences who are wrong M y neighbor bought a car who cost $60 , 000.
p g -
a
뻐뼈
102.4 Right or wrong? (orrect the mistakes.
Vι
퍼
따
8. 9.
뼈
7.
떼
6.
can speak six lan guages . What ’s th e name o f th e ll1 an just started working in yo ur What ’s the na 1l1 e of th e ri ve r fl ows thro ugh the town) Wh ere is the picture was hangi ng on th e wa lP Do you know anybody wants to buy a car? You always ask questions are diffi cult to answer 1 have a friend is ve ry goo d at fixing cars . , •L o n n nr my 1 think eve ryb o dy “ ‘ m S r m a m u Why does h e always wear clothes
205
the people we met the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2) T he man is ca rrying a bag. It ’s ve ry heavy
I
2 sentences
The bag (that) he is carrying is very heavy. 1 sentcnce
Kate wo n so m e m o ney What is she going to do w ith it?
2 sentences
What is Kate go ing to do with the money (that) she won ? 1 5cntence
Kate
You can say: • The bag that he is carrying . .. or • . .. the money that Kate won? or
T h e bag he is carrying . .. (wi th or without that) ... the money Kate won?
You do not need that/ who / which when it is the object: 5 /4 ψ ect
The man Kate Yo u 재re
• • •
verb
object
was ca rry ll1 g wo n wanted m et
a bag some m o ney some bo oks so m e peopl e
• • • •
the the the the
bag (that) the man was carrying money (대 a t) Kate won books (th at) you wanted people (wh o) we met
Did you find the books you wanted? (or ... the books that you wanted?) The people we met were very friendl y. (orThe people who we met ... ) Everything 1 said was true. (or Everything that 1 said ... )
We say: • The movi e we saw was very good. (not The movie we saw it was ... ) Sometimes there is a prep05ítíon (to / in / at , et c.) after the verb: Eve is talking to a man. W e stayed at a hote l. 1 told you about som e books.
• • •
D o yo u know the man Eve is talking to ? The hotel we stayed at was nea r th e stati o n. These are the books 1 told you about.
We say: the books 1 told you about . (not the books 1 told you abo ut them) You can say (a place) where • The hotel where we stayed was near the station. (= The hotel we stayed at ... ) You must use who / that/ which when it is the subject (• Unit 102): • 1 met a woman who can speak six languages. (who is the subject) • Jack was wearing a hat that was too big for him . (that is the subject)
a person who .. . , a thing tha t!which ... (relative clauses 1) • Unit 102
U N I T
Exercises 103.1 Make one sentence from two. 1.
(H elen took so m e picwres. Ha ve yo u see n th e m ?) Have y'ou seen the p /ctures Helen tookè ‘
’
2. (You gave m e a pen. [’ ve lost it. ) I ’ ve lost the 3. (Su e is wea ring a j acke t. [ like i t. ) 1 like the 4. (1 gave yo u so m e f1。、.ve rs. Where are they?) Where are the 5 (H e to ld us a sto ry. 1 didn ’ t believe i t.)
6
(You bought so m e ora nges . How How
l11 uch
?
were they?) ;
103.2 Make one sentence from two. 1.
(1 was ca rrying a bag. It was very h eavy.)
Tne baa I was carry/na was very hea vv. (You coo ked a m ea l. It was excell ent.) Th e 3 . (1’11l wearing sh oes . They aren't ve ry co mfo rtable.) The sh oes 4. (W e invited so m e pεople to dinne r. They didn ’t co m e.) The 2.
103.3 You ask your friend some
ql쩌 stions. Complete the sentences.
1. Your friend stayed at a h o tel. You as k : What ’s the na l11 e of the hotel you stayed at 2 2. Your fri e nd was talking to so m e people. You as k: Wh o are th e peop le 3. Your fl ie nd was loo king for so m e keys. You ask: Did yo u flnd the 4. Your fri end is go ing to a part y. Yo u as k Wh ere is the 5. Your friend was talking abo ut a m ovie. You as k : What ’s the nam e of 6 . Your friend is li ste ning to sO l11 e music. Yo u as k: What ’s that 7. Your friend was waiting for an e-ma i l. You as k: Did yo u get
;
‘
>
>
?
>
>
103.4 Complete the questions. Use where. 1. John stayed at a h o tel. Yo u ask him Did yo u like the hotel where you stayed Sue had dinner in a resta uran t. Yo u as k her: What ’s the n a l1l e of thε res taurant 3 . Sarah lives in a town. Yo u ask h el How bi g is the 4. Ri ch ard works in a factory. You as k hi l11: Wh ere exac tl y is
>
2.
P
>
?
207
at 8:00 on Monday in April At 11
12
‘
1
9
at
3 ’l
F
3
。
t
8:00 10:30 l11 idnight , etc.
• •
1 start wo rk at 8:00 in th e m orning. T he banks close at 5:00.
night the e nd of
• •
1 can ’ t sleep at night. 1’ m taking a trip at the end of Octobe r.
On Sunday (s) / M o nday (s) , etc. April 25 / ]une 6 , et c. M on da y m ornin g / Tuesday afterno o n / Frid ay night , et c. New Year ’s D ay, e tc
MONDAY
JUNE
(on)
6 Yo u • • • •
ca n say : Bye ! See yo u on Friday. or See you Friday. (with or w ithout on) Do yo u wo rk on Sundays? or Do yo u wo rk Sundays? or T h e conce rt is Novernber 20 T he co nce rt is on Novernber 20 1’ m leaving on Friday night. or I ’ m leaving Friday night
We say on the weekend / on weekends (always with on). • T hey like to eat o ut on the weekend / on weekends. In
APRIL Su 1010 TI.I W. Th Fr 3
5
e
7
’8
s. 2 9
‘ 12 13 14 15 16 21 22 23 ’ ’258 ’269 21 28 29 30 z‘ 10 11
z。
7
•
ln
April /]un e, etc. 2009 /1 968 , etc the th e
s prin g /s ummε r / fa l l/ w int e r 1l1
0rnin g /a fternoo n/ eveni ng
• • • •
1’ 111 takin g a trip in October. Amy was bo rn in 1988. T h e p ark is b ea utiful in the fall. Do yo u often go out in the evening?
We do not use at/ on / in b efo re: this ... (this rnorning / this week , et c. ) every . .. (every day / every week , etc.) last .. . (last August / last week , etc.) next . . . (next Monday / next week , et c.)
• • •
W hat are yo u doing this weekend ? We go on vacatio n every surnrner. Last surnrner we went to E urop e 1’ m leaving next Monday. (not on next M onday)
In five rninutes / in a few days / in six weeks / in two years , etc • • n 。 、v
in five rninutes
in/a tJon (places) • Units 107- 108
Hurry! T h e train leaves in five rninutes. (= it leaves fi ve minutes 삼0 111 now ) Bye! 1’ 11 see yo u in a few days . (= a few days 삼om now)
U N
Exercises 104.1 Write at or in. 1.
A111y was born
In
1988.
2 . 1 go t up 3. 4. 5.
μ
m
맥
「
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
8:00 this m orn ing . the 1110rning. 1 like to get up ea rl y night. 1 Ii ke to look at the sta rs May M y brother got m arri ed th e SU111m er W e o ft e n go to th e b eac h t o m --N / ut Le t ’s 111ee t % T h e c0111pany started the e nd of the 1110nth 1’ 11 send yo u th e money the evening . It closes T h e café is open
l11
idnight
104.2 Write at/on/in.
on 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
In
June 6 thε eve n 1l1 g half past two Wednes day 1997 Septe mb e r
7 8. 9. 10 11 . 12 .
September ?4
13.
Friday 111 0 rning
Thursday 11 :45
14. 1 5.
Saturd ay ni ght ni gh t the e nd of the day the weekend the w inte r
NewYíεar ’s
Eve
16.
noon
17
the 111 orn i n g
18
104.3 Which sentence is correct - A. B. or both of them? 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12.
A 1’ 111 taking a trip in Octobe r. Do yo u work Sundays? r always feel tirε d at th e eve l1 i l1 g 1’ 111 leaving n ext Saturday. T i l11 started his n ew job 0 11 M ay 18 Laura fini sh ed hi gh sch ool in 2002. W e m eet 011 ever y Tuesday. We dO I1 ’ t often go o u t in n igh t 1 ca n 't m eet yo u Thursday. Lisa saw Sam M o nday l1 ight 1’ m leavi l1 g in the e nd of thi s month ‘ Tim goes to the gy m 0 11 Fridays
B
I ’ m ta king a trip 0 11 Octobe r D o yo u work 0 11 SUl1 days? 1 always fee l tired in the eve ning. I ’ m leav ing 0 11 n ext Saturday Tim sta rted hi s new j o b M ay 18. Laura fini sh ed hi gh sc h oo l ?002 댄le m eet eve ry Tu esday. W e don ’t ofte n go o ut at nigh t. 1 ca n ’ t l11 ee t yo u on T hursday. Lisa saw Sa m on 1이 o nd ay night 1' 111 leaving at the e nd of thi s 111 0 nth .
A
both
Tim goes to the gy l11 Fridays.
104.4 Write sentences with in .... πJe tr，α in
1.
It ’s 8 :25 now. Th e train leaves at 8:30 2. 1t ’s Monday today. r’ 11 ca ll yo u o n Thursda y. 3. Today is June 14. M y exa l11 is on Jun e ?8 4. 1t ’s 3:00 n ow. TO I11 wi ll be h ere at 3:30.
I’ 11
/eaves in five minutes days.
My Tom
104.5 Write at/on/in if necessary. Sometimes the sentence is already complete. and no word IS necessary. They likε to eat out 0으 wee k e nds. 7 1’ 111 gomg _二_ n ext Friday. (a lrea dy complete) 8. 9. 1 always feel tired th e evening n U \νill yo u b e at h o m e this evening? las t sUl11 m e r. 11 W e went to Fran ce 12. 1994 . 6 . Laura was born
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
4 --
What are yo u doing th e weeke nd ? every Sunday 1 ca ll Robert Sh o uld we play tennis next Sunday? las t weeke nd 1 couldn ’t go to the party I ’ 111 go in g o u t. 1’ 11 be back an h o ur. night 1 don ’ t often go out
209
from ... to
until
slnce
for
From ... to • We lived in ] apan from 1996 to 2005. • 1 work from Monday to Friday You can also say from ... until ... • We lived in ] apan from 1996 until 2005.
상om
Monday to Friday
Monday
Friday
Unt i1 ..
•
u
F
니 띠
•
T h ey ’re leaving town tomorrow. T h ey ’ 11 be away unt i1 Friday. 1 went to bed early, but 1 wasn ’t tired 1 read a book unt i1 3:00 a.m. Wait h ere unt i1 1 come bac k.
η
•
빠
unt i1
Friday December 3:00 1 come back
l
% ‘
Friday
You ca n also say till (= unt i1): l 댄!a it h ere till 1 come back. CO l11 pare: • “ How long will yo u be away?" “ Until Monday." • “ When are yo u cO l11 ing back?" “ On Monda y." Since + a ti l11 e in the past (to now) We use since after the present perfcct (have been / have done , et c.) Monday
I 2002 slllce I 2:30
2:3 1 arrived I
•
• •
] oe is in the hospita l. He h as been in the h ospital since Monday I since Monday (= fro l11 Monday to now) Monday Sue and Dave have been l11 arried since 2002. (= fro l11 2002 to now) [t has been raining since 1 arrived .
now
CO l11 pa re: • We lived in ]apan from 1996 to 2005. 재1e lived in ] apan until 2005 • Now we live in Denve r. We ca l11 e to Denver in 2005. 재1e have lived in De nver since 2005. (= fro l11 2005 until now) We use for (not since) + a period of time (three days / 10 years , et c.) • ]oe has been in the h ospital for three days. (l'I. ot since three days) For + a period of ti l11 e three days for
I 10 years five l11inutes a long ti l11 e
• • • •
Gary staye d with us for three days. I ’ 111 going away for ISunday a few weeks. I ’ 111 go ing away for the weekend . T hey ’ ve been l11 arried for 10 years .
for three days
Monday
present perfect + for/since • Units 17-18 present perfect (1 have lived) and simple past (1Iived) • Unit 21
Tuesday
U N I T
Exercises
105.1 Read the information and complete the sentences. Use from ... to / untill s;nce. Jin Sook
I live in Japan now I lived in Canada before I came to Japan in 2003 ‘
I live in Australia now I lived in South Korea before. I came to Australia in 2007
&혀，
r
.iJ;p." _';"냉-
(Alex / Canada / 1995 • 2003) 2. (Alex / Canada / -• ?003) 3. (Alεx / ]apan / ?003 •) 4. Oin Sook / South Korea • 2007) 5. Oin Sook / Australia / 2007 •) 6. (Beth / a hotel / 2002-2005) 7. (Bεth / a restaurant / 2005 •) 8. (Adam / a teacher / 1996-2002) 9. (Adam / a journalist / 2002 • ) 1.
Adam
Beth
Alex
‘
F
I work in a restaurant now I worked in a hotel before I started work in the restaurant in 2005 x
|’ m a
journalist now. I was a teacher before I started work as a journalist in 2002.
-ι，ι
Alex Ii ved l n Canada from 1995 to 2003 Alex Ii ved in Canada Alex has lived in ]apan ]in Sook lived in ]in Sook has lived in 2002 Beth workεd Bεth ha s worked Adam was a Adam has been
2003 •
Now write sentences with for. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16.
(Alex / Canada) (Alex / ]apan) Oin Sook / Australia) (Beth / a hotel) (Bεth / restaurant) (Adam / a teac her) (Adam / a journalist)
Alex I/ved in Canada for el9 ht y ears Alex has Ii ved in ]apan ]in Sook has Beth worked Beth Adam Ada l11
105.2 Write untillsincelfor. Sue and Dave have bεεn l11 arried 효띠똥_ 2002. 1 was tired this morning. 1 stayed in bεd 10:00. half an hour, but she didn ’t come. We waited for Suε “ Did you just get here?" “ No , I ’ ve bee n herε 7:30." “ How long did you stay at thε party last night? " “ l11 idnight." Dan and 1 are good friends. We have known each other 10 years. l ’ m tired. 1’ m going to Ii e down a flεw 11llnutεs. 8. (ín a/1 aí띠ane that's landín씨 Please stay in your seats the airplane rea ches the gate. 1i R% o7 mh e 1 was seve n years old. rm nU @]LK ---m”” e Wednesday r m ob rLO -X three days. 6:00. 12. 1 usually finish work at 5:30 , but some ti l11 es 1 work we were in high schoo l." 13 “ How long have you known Anna?" “ 20 minutes 14. Where have you been? 1’ ve been waiting for you 1. 2. 3. 4 5 6. 7 ‘
디
찌때 빼
W
」띠
]
… 바U
ιN
Kn
대삐빽
띠
아
m 빠씨
KQ
211
before
after
during
while
Before , during , and after
Ticketf
before the • • •
l11
0vie
during the
l11
0vie
after th e
l11
0vie
Everybody feels nervous before a test 1 fell asleep during the movie. We were tired after our visit to the l11 useum.
Before , while , and after
@
before we played • • •
while we were playing
after we playe d
Don ’t forget to c1 0se the window before you go out. 1 often fall asleep while 1’ m reading. T h ey watched TV after they did the dishes
During , while , and for We use during + 110U I1 (during the movie). We use while + verb (while 1’ m reading): • We didn ’ t speak during the mea l. but We didn ’ t speak while we were eating. (not during we were eating) Use for (not during) + a period oJ time (three days / two hours / a year , etc.) • We played basketball for two hours . (not • 1 lived in Florida for a year. (not during a year) You can use before / after + -ing (before going / after eating , et c.) • 1 always have breakfast before going to work. (= befo re 1 go to work) • After doing the dishes, they watched TV (= after they did) Remember:We say before going (not before to go) , after doing (not after to do) , etc.: • Before eating the apple, r wash ed it carefully. (not before to eat) • r started work after reading the n ewspape r. (not after to read) past continuous (1 was -ing) • Units 13-14 before/after/while/when • Unit 99 for • Unit 105 prepositions + -ing • Unit 113
U N I T
Exercises +
aι
im‘
p
they went to Mexico you ’re waltmg
←1ι
during while
p
해 ’
after before
lunch the concert the course
m‘ ’
뼈탔뺑
106.1 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
Everybody was nervous b강ore the test 1 usually work four hours in the morning and another three hours The movie was really boring. We left Anna went to night school to learn German. She learned a lot • My aunt and uncle lived in Chicago A: Somebody broke a window . Did you hear anything? B: N 0 , 1 was asleep all the time. ? 7. Would you like to sit down 8. “ Are you going home ?” “ Yes , 1 have to get up early tomorrow."
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
1 06.2 Write during/while/for.
ππ
J 띠샤씨
빼빼뼈
J 니 없 야
「L
”
뱅ιm 빽
We didn ’t speak w센흐_ we were eatmg We didn ’ t speak dunng the meal. Gary called you were out 1 stayed in Rome five days. Sally didn ’t read any newspapers she was on vacation. The students looked very bored the class. 1 fell out of bed 1 was asleep. h 8 IL % t three hours. 9 Il Ju] g ] the da y. 7U v N e I you are having dinner? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
106.3 Complete the sentences. Use -ing (doing , having, et c.).
9ι
ml ’
m%
빽
Jη
ιU
After 깅쁘g the dishes , they watched T V. 1 felt sick after too much chocolate. 1’ m going to ask you a question. Think carefully before 1t a showe r. 1 felt awful when 1 got up this morning. 1 felt better after After my work , 1 left the office and went home. .0 g to a foreign country, you should try and learn a little of uα
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
p~
106.4 Write sentences with before + -ing and after + -ing. 1. They did the dishes. Then they watched T V. After doina the dishes, thev watched π끼 2. John finished high schoo l. Then he worked in a bookstore for two years. John worked 3. 1 read for a few minutes. Then 1 went to sleep Before 4. We walked for three hours. We were very tired. After 5. Let ’s have a cup of coffee. Then we'll go out. Let ’s
213
at on (places
In In
ln • ln • ln in
• • • • • •
a store a room a car the water
in ln in in
a garden a town a p ark Brazil
“ Where ’s D avid?" “ In the kitchen. / In the garden. / In Seoul." What ’s in that box / in that bag / in that closet? R ach el w orks in a store / in a bank / in a factory . 1 went for a swim in the river / in the pool / in the ocean. Milan is in the north of Italy. N aples is in the south. 1 live in a big city , but 1’d like to live in the country .
At
φ
/
@
。
)/
/
at the bus stop
• • • • •
at the door
at the traffi c light
T h ere ’s som ebo dy at the bus stop / at the door. T h e car is waiting at the traffic 1i ght. Jan e is working at her des k.
at the top / at the bottorn / at the end (of .. .) 댄1r it e yo ur nam e at the top of the page. M y h ouse is at the end of the street .
at h er desk at the to p (ofth e page)
-----
--- - . --- --- --- --
at the b ottom (of the page)
On
‘빼
• • • • •
-
on on on on
a sh elf a plate a balco ny the floor , etc.
on a wall on the ceiling on a door, etc.
T h ere are som e b ooks on the shelf and some pictures on the wall . T h ere are a lot of apples on those trees . Don ’t sit on the grass. It ’s wet. T h ere is a stamp on the envelope .
on a horse / on a bicycle / on a rnotorcycle : Who is that man on the rnotorcycle ?
the top I the bottom , et c. •
11768
Unit 71 atlon/in (time) • Unit 104 in/atlon (places 2) • Unit 108
stamp
envelope
U N
Exercises 107.1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use inlatlon.
뼈
대
( m ’K
π
,i
4
2 . (th e box)
3. (the b ox)
4. (th e wal1)
5. (the bus stop)
6. (th e fi eld)
7. (th e balc ony)
8. (the p ool)
9. (th e window)
10 . (the ceiling)
11. (th e tabl e)
12. (the table)
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
」
1.
P
t
Wh ere Wh ere Wh ere Wh ere Where Where
is he? In the kltchen are the sh oes? is the p en ? is the cloc k? is the bu s? are th e h o rses?
7 . Wh ere 8. Wh ere 9. Wh ere 10 . Wh ere 1 1. Wh ere 12. Where
are th ey standing? is she swimming? is he standing? is th e spider? is h e sitting? is she sitting?
107.2 Write inlatlon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 9 1O. 11. 12. 13 . 14. 15.
O o n ’t Slt 므으_ th e grass . 1t ’s we t. What do you have yo ur bag? the roo f. What ’s he doin g? Look! T h ere ’s a m an T h ere are a lo t of fi sh this ri ver th e doo r O ur h ouse is numb er 45 - th e numb er is th e traffi c light." “ Is th e post o ffi ce nea r here?" “ Yes , turn left 1 have a sm all vege table gard en the bac kya rd. M y sister lives Pragu e. There ’s a sm all p ark th e top of the hil l. 1 think 1 h ea rd the doo rb ell. T h ere ’s som ebody the doo r. Muni ch is a large city the so uth of Ge rmany. T h ere ’s a gas stati on th e end of the bloc k. a bi cycle 1t ’S diffì cult to ca rry a lo t of things 1 loo ked at th e list of nam es . M y nam e was th e bo ttom. the wa ll the living roo m. T here is a mirro r
215
at on (places 2)
In In in in in in in in in in
b ed the h ospital the sky the world a n ewsp ap er / in a book a ph otograph / in a p icture a car / in a taxi the middle (of . . . )
“ Where ’s Kate?" “ She ’s in bed." D avid ’'s fath er is sick. He ’s in the hospital. 1 like to loo k at the stars in the sky at night. What ’s the largest city in the world? 1 read ab out the accident in the newspaper . You look sad in this photograph. Did yo u com e h ere in your car? There ’s a big tree in the middle of the yard.
l
• • • • • • •
At at wo rk / at sc hool at the statio n / at the airpo rt at the p ost offi ce / at th e sup ermarket at Jan e ’s (h o use) / at my sister ’s (h ou se) / at the doc tor ’s / at the hairdresser ’s, etc. l i
“ Where ’s Kate? " “ She ’s at work." Do you w ant me to me et yo u at the station? 1 saw yo ur brother at the post office today. A: Where were yo u yesterday? B: At my sister ’ s. 1 saw Tom at the doctor ’s. There weren ’t m any p eople at the party.
•
씨 씨
J
‘a
뼈
i
V
ι
“
(
。
P
j
’ // I ’
따
m
l
때
o
b
m
따
따
‘d
/ ,,/
• • • •
•
You can say be / stay home or be / stay at home (with or w ithout at) • Is Tom at home ? or Is Tom home ? O ften it is p ossible to use at or in for buildings (h otels, restaurants, etc.): • We staye d at a n ice h otel. or We stayed in a nice h o tel. Yo u can say at school or in school , but there is a differen ce. Sh e ’s at sch ool = sh e ’s th ere n ow • “ W h ere ’s yo ur sister? Is sh e h om e?"
“ No , sh e ’s at school."
Sh e ’s in sch ool = sh e ’s a stu de nt (in high sch ool / college / m edical sc hool , etc.) • “ Does yo ur sister have a j ob ?" “ N o , sh e ’s still in school." On
on a bus
on the second f1 00r
on the way from A to B
on a bu s / on a train / on a pla n e / on a sh ip
•
D id yo u com e h ere on the bus ?
on th e firs t f1 00r (or ground f1 oo r) , on the second f1 oo r, et c.
•
T h e offi ce is on the second floor . (not in the second f1 oor)
on th e way (to ... ) / on the way ho m e
•
1 m et Ann on the way to work / on the way h om e.
on a street
•
M y bro ther lives on a ni ce stree t
in/a t!on (places 1) • Unit 107 to/in/at • Unit 109 on the left! right • Unit110
U N
Exercises 108.1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use in/af/on. 1. (the hospital)
2. (the airport)
4. (a ship)
3. (bed)
tÝI""
A /f< PO /2.1'
5. (the sky) @
jf
”·‘
# ‘?
6. (a party)
7. (the doctor's)
8. (the second floor)
*
‘
덤
9. (work)
a
d
pl
뼈
m(
‘
12. (a wedding)
1 1. (a taxi)
멀
)
、」 〔
뼈
@ι
「、〕
m
{/
1 ·
ν 1
잉
aι
외
[/-(/.
i
)
외
야 야 야
9ι
m n n
9ι
is she? /n the hosvltal are they? is he? are they? are the stars? are they?
9ι
Where Where Where Where Where 6. Where
W m ’n -e W m n JUa g W m ’n r > mM m m mM m -3m W aL m m pι
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
7 8 9
3
,/-
108.2 Write in/af/on.
“ No , she ’s 요t schoo l." There was a big table the middle of the room. What is the longest river the world? Were there many people the concert last night? Will you be home tomorrow afternoon? Who is the man this picture? Do you know him? “ 1s your son going to get married soon?" “ No , he ’s sti11 co11ege." Gary is coming by bus. 1’ m going to meet him the station. Charlie is the hospita l. He had an operation yesterday How many pages are there this book? the plane." “ Are you hungry after your trip?" “ Yes , there was nothing to eat the way here. 1’ m sorry 1’ m late. My car broke down “ 1s Tom here?" “ No , he ’s his brother's.' ’ Don ’t believe everything you read the newspaper! 1 walked to work , but 1 came home the bus. A: (on the phone) Can 1 speak to Anne , please? B: N 0 , sorry. She ’ 11 be the university until 5: 00 toda y.
1. “ Where ’s your sister? 1s she home?"
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 1 1. 12. 13 14. 15. 16.
217
to In at (places 3) To
In/ at (• Units 106-1 07)
go/ come / return / walk (etc‘) to . ..
be / stay / do something (et c.) in .
- to NewYork
• • • •
We ’ re going to NewYork on Sunday. 1 want to go to Mexico n ext yea r. We walked from my h ouse to the mall. What time do yo u go to bed?
• • • •
The Statue of Lib erty is in N ew York. M y brother lives in Mexico . T h e best stores are in the mall. 1 like to read in bed.
휴’
口D口口
뿔
be / stay / do something (etc.) at ...
-
DEPARTURES
.: ::, ~
‘:::::.
• • • •
T h e bus is going to the airport. Karen didn ’t go to work yesterday. 1 went to a party last night. We ’d like yo u to come to our house
• • • •
T he bus is at the airport . Sarah wasn ’ t at work yesterday. 1 met a lot of people at the party. Helen stayed at her brother ’s house.
Home go / come / walk (etc.) home (without to) • 1’ m tired. 1’ m going home (not to home) • D id you walk home ?
be / stay (at) home ( u서 th or without at) • 1’ m staying home tonight. (o rI ’ m staying at home. ) But: do som ething (work , watch TV , et c.) at home • D an do esn ’ t go to an office. H e works at home
Arrive and get arrive in a country or town (arrive in Mexico / arrive in Tokyo , et c.): • T h ey arrived in Brazillast week. (not arrived to Brazil) arrive at other places (arrive at the station / arrive at work , etc.): • W h at time did you arrive at the hotel? (not arrive to the h otel) get to (a place): • What time did you get to the hote l? • W hat tim e did you get to Tokyo ? get home / arrive home (no prep osition): • 1 was tired w h en I got home. or 1 was tired w h en 1 arrived home . been to • Unit 16 get (to ... ) • Unit 57 in/at • Units 107-108
U N I T
Exercises 109.1 Write to or
in.
1. 1 like reading
2 3 4
tn
We ’re going Sue is on vacation right now. 1 have to go
bed. 1taly next month. Mexico
5. 1 was tired , so 1 stayed
bed.
6
What time do you usually go bed? 7 Does this bus go the airport? 8. Would you 1ike to live another co untry?
the bank toda y.
109.2 Write to or at if necessary. Sometimes no preposition is necessary. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Paula didn ’ t go_객으_ work yesterday. 1’ m tired. 1’ m gomg_二_ home 씨 ready complete) Tina is sick. She went the docto r. Would you like to CO l11 e a party on Saturday? “ Is Liz h om e?" “ N 0 , she went work." There were 20 ,000 people the footba l1 game Why did you go hO l11 e ea rl y last night? A boy jumped into the river and swam the other side. There were a lot of people waiting th e bus stop We had dinner a restaurant , and then we went ba ck
109.3 Write 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 1 1. 12. 13. 14
the h otel
to , at, or in if necessary. Sometimes no preposition is necessary.
]oe is coming t0 l11 0rrow. 1’ m me eting hi l11 _깅t the airpor t. We ’re going a concert t0 l11 0rrow night. 1 went C hile last yea r. How long did yo u stay C hile ? N ext year we hop e to go ]apan to visit S0 l11 e friend s. th e l11 0vies tonight? Do you want to go Did you park your ca r the sta tion? After the accident , three people were taken the hospi ta l. th e dentist? How often do you go Helen 's.' ’ “ Is Sarah here?" “ No , she ’s My house is the end of the block on the left Maria ’s hous e , but she wasn ’ t hO l11 e. 1 went There were no taxis, so we had to walk hO l11 e. “ Who did you l11 ee t the party?" “ 1 didn ’ t go the party."
109.4 Write to , at, or in if necessary. Sometimes the sentence is already complete , and no word is necessary. 1. What ti l11 e do you usually get work? 2. What ti l11 e do you usually get home? 3. What ti l11 e did you arrive the party?
4. When did yo u arrive Dallas? 5 매1 hat ti l11 e does th e plane get Paris? 6. We arrived home very late
109.5 Complete these sentences about yourself. Use 0rning 1 was in bed Yesterday 1 went At 1 1: 00 yesterday l11 0rning 1 was One day 1’d 1ike to go 1 don ’t like going At 9:00 last night 1 was
1. At 3:00 this
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
tolinlat.
l11
219
next to, between , under, etc. N ext to / between / in front of / in back of t .Eric
Alice is nex t to Bob. or Alice is beside Bob Bob is between Alice and Carla. Don is in front of Bob. Eric is in back of Bob.
t .Carla Alice
r
“t
L
”e ( u
im‘
m m m
p
때 )
ob
in front of Chris ι;
C
Fm
-NQ
t o R mx 6om m cuo
다
/
A m A m .””
”샤
ø
織 뼈織
Bruce
R
q
염 m 영m 영m
/
me me
(야
Across fro l11
때삐
m ·u m C ·u m & .J M Mm
뿔 빼·삐
짜
o
m Lm m
By (= next to)
• • •
Who is that man standing by the window ? Our house is by the ocean . (= next to the ocean) If you feel cold , w hy don ’t you sit by the fire ?
by the window
Under
• • •
under the table
The cat is under the table . The girl is standing under a tree . 1’ m wearing a jacket under l11y coat.
under a tree
p
‘
gI
m .m e α
et c. • Unit 111 by • Unit112
、J
up/overκhrough ，
9」
B
B is below the line . (= lower than th e line)
圖탤렐 l圖
뻐 1
A
A is above the line (= higher than the line)
n
熾 없
Above and below
T h e shelves are below the pictures .
U N I T
Exercises 110.1 Where are the people in the picture? Complete the sentences. Alan
~
Donna
Barbara
Kevin
Emily
Fred
In back of
1. Kevin is standing
Fred Emily. Barbara Donna and Fred Emily. Kevin. Donna. left. middle.
2. Fred is sitting 3. Emily is sitting 4 Emily is sitting 5 Donna is sitting 6 Fred is sitting 7. Alan is standing 8. Alan is standing 9 Barbara is standing
110.2 look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
3
2.
4.
* 5
‘ '//
.-.:、
8
7.
6.
•
1 1.
10
9.
,
LEfT \1.
Anna the table. The cat is under the house. There is a big tree the clouds. 3. The plane is flying the piano. 4 She is standing the righ t. 5 The movie theater is the phone. 6. She ’s sitting
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
1 2
Paul
The calendar is The cabinet is There are some shoes The plant is Paul is sitting In ]apan people drive
the clock. the sink. the bed the piano Anna the left.
110.3 Write sentences about the picture. supermarket Paul ’s office
theater 1.
(next to)
깨 ebα nk
is next to the
bookstore 2.
(in front o f) The
3.
(across
4.
(next to)
5.
(above)
6.
(between)
in front of
산om)
221
up, over, through , etc. to
•
• • •
Jane is go ing to France next week We walked from the hotel to the station. A lot of English words come from Latin.
• •
We jumped into the water A man came out of the house and got ínto a ca r. Why are yo u looking out of the window? 1 took the old batteries out of the radio.
• • into (in)
끽 on
over
•
through
- - 『 •
from
•
We say put something in . .. (not usually into): • 1 put new batteries in the radio. • • • • •
Don ’t put your feet on the table Please take your feet off the table. 1’ m going to hang some pictures on the wall. Be careful! Don ’ t fall off yo ur bicycle. We got on the bus downtown.
• •
We walked up the hill to the house Be careful! Don't fall down the stairs.
• • •
The plane flew over the mountains. 1 jumped over the wall into the garden Some people say it is unlucky to walk under a ladde r.
• • • l l
out of
3
off
!까 i
•
under around
A bird flew into the room through a window. The old highway goes through the town . The new road goes around the town The bus stop is just around the corne r. 1 walked around the town and took some plctures.
around the town
past
get in/on , etc
•
• • •
1 was walking along the road with my dog. Let ’s go for a walk along the river. The dog swam across the rive r.
• •
They walked past me without speaking A: Excuse me , how do 1 get to the hospital? B: Go along this street , past the movie theater, under the bridge , and the hospital is on the left
Unit 57 in/on • Units 107-108 to • Unit 109 fall off / run away, etc
across
hospital movie theater
’
. bridge
•
Unit 115
U N I T
Exercises 111.1 Somebody asks you how to get to a place. You say which way to go. Look at the pictures and write sentences beginning Go ....
‘
‘k
U
[
)
”
the steps
F
‘
Go ..
this street
7
μ 』
6.
n F
니
m
the church
띠
딛으」죄싶
Excuse me , where is . 7
U U
111.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. 4
3.
-
9.
2. 3.
4.
5.
The dog swam A bo o k fell A plan e tlew A woman got A girl ran
across
the rive r. the shel f. the town. the ca r. the street.
6. Suddenly a ca r ca m e the co rne r. 7. They drove the town 8 They got the train 9. The moon travels the ea rth 10. They got th e hou se a windo w.
111.3 Complete the sentences. Use over/from/to , et c. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1 looked the window and watched th e p eople in the street the corne r. My hou se is n ea r h ere. It ’s Just “ Where ’s my pho n e?" “ You put it yo ur bag." How far is it here the airport? We walked the mu se um for an hour and saw a lot of interesting things. You ca n put yo ur coat the back of th e c h ai r. In tennis , you have to hit the ball the net. Silvia took a key h er b ag and opened the door
223
at by with about
on On on on on on on on
vacatlon television the radio the phone fire time (= not late)
• • • • • l
Jane isn ’t at work this week. She ’s on vacation. We watched the news on television. We listened to the news on the radio . 1 spoke to R achel on the phone last night . T he ho use is on fire ! Call the fire department . “ Was the train late?" “ N o , it was on time."
At at (the age o f) 21 / at 50 kilometers an hour / at 100 degrees , etc.: • Lisa got married at 2 1. (or ... at the age of 2 1.) • A car uses more gas at 70 miles an hour than at 55 • Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius .
By
by bus
by car / by bus / by plane / by bike , etc.: • Do yo u like traveling by train ? • Jane usually goes to work by bike
====
but on foot :
•
You can ’ t get there by car.Yo u have to go on foot. (= you have to walk)
a book by ... / a painting by ... / a pi ece of mu sic by ... , etc. : • H ave yo u read any books by Charles Dickens? l ￦ho is that painting by? Picasso? by a감 e r
the passive (• Unit 22) 1 was bitten by a dog.
•
on foot
the title by the Iν n ter
With/ Without • D id yo u stay at a hotel or with friends ? • Wait for me. Please don ’t go without me. • D o you like your coffee with or without milk? • 1 cut the paper with a pair of scissors a man with a beard / a wom an with glasses , etc. : • Do yo u know that man with the beard? • 1’d like to have a house with a big yard .
a man with a beard
About talk/ speak/ think/ hear/ know about • So me people talk about their work all the time. • 1 don ’t know much about cars. a book / a question / a program / information , etc. about . .. : • T here was a program about volc anoes on TV last nigh t. Did you see it?
by •
U 미 ts
22 , 64, 110 at!on •
Units 104, 107-108 preposition + -ing • Unit 113
a woman with glasses
U N I T
Exercises 112.1 Complete the sentences. Use on + these words: the phone
time
television
on the radio
1. We heard th e news
vacat lO n
•
2. Please don ’t be late. Try to get here • 3. I won ’t be here next week . I ’ m gomg " 4. “ Did you see Linda?" “ N 0 , but I talked to h er tonight?" “ N othing that I want to watch." 5 “ What ’s
112.2 Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with at/by/with , et c. 2.
4.
3.
Sunny ... cold
10.
-
-
@
short hair? the weather
4. They are talking
‘/
。。
3. Who is the woman
5. The car is
me
7. 8. 9. 10.
She ’s listening to some music Mozar t. The plane is f1 ying 600 miles an hou r. They ’ re vacatJOn. Do you know the man m He ’s reading a book Vera P. Bull. 띠
-
b
•L
6.
빽
-
@
a pair of
야
)
ri
w맥
Lμ
w
야
녕 m
쩌따
이/-
I cut the paper x mn m t L
빼
1.
fire
112.3 Complete the sentences. Use at/by/with , et c. 1. In tennis , you hit the ball a racket 2. I (’s cold toda y. Don ’ t go o ut a coat 3. Hamlet, Othello , and Macbeth are plays William Shakespeare. computers? 4. Do you know anything 5. My grandmother died the age of 98 plane? 6 . How long does it take to go from NewYork to Los Angeles 7. I didn ’ t go to the footba ll game , but I watched it television. the red door on the right 8. My house is the one 9. T h ese trains are very fast. They can travel very high speeds. ca r. There ’s no road 10. You can ’ t get there 11. Can you give me some information h otels in this town? 12. 1 was arrested two police offìcers and taken to the police station. time 13. The buses h ere are very good. They ’ re almost always 14. What wo uld you like to drink your mea l? 15. We traveled from Los Angeles to Seattle train. 16. The museum has some paintings Frida Kahlo.
225
afraid of ... , good at ... , etc. of/atlfor, etc. (prepositions) + -ing Afraid of ... I good at .. . , etc.
μφectíve
“ m r·l
|’ m not
very good at math.
M k”
때때’
깨 셔야
Help!
+ prepos itío써
He 's afraid of me ’~'-
• ._.~"'_-_ .:.!';';r . :c.." _'••"
'''' . ~'''' _ 5
. __
..
- ~::-'! :" ~~-'""，
afraid of.
•
Are yo u afraid of dogs?
angry / mad at somebody
•
Why are yo u mad at me? What did 1 do?
angry / mad about something
•
Are you angry about last night? (= something that happened last night)
different from .
•
Lisa is very different from her siste r.
fed up with
•
1’ m fed up with my job. 1 want to do something different. (= 1’ ve h ad enough of my job)
full of ...
•
The room was full of people .
good at .
•
Are you good at math?
bad at ...
•
Tina is very bad at tennis.
interested in
•
1’ m not interested in sports.
married to ...
•
Sue is married to a dentis t. (= her hu sband is a dentist)
nice / kind of somebody to
•
It was kind of yo u to help us. Thank yo u very much
be nice / kind to somebody
•
David is very
sorry about a situation
•
1’ m afraid 1 can't h elp yo u. 1’ m sorry about that.
sorry for / about doing something
•
1’ m sorry for / about not calling you yesterday. (or 1’ m sorry 1 didn ’t call you)
be / feel sorry for somebody
•
1 feel sorry for them. T hey are in a very difficult situ ation.
삼 iendly.
He ’s always very nice to me.
Of/ at/ for , etc. + -ing After a preposition (of/ at / for , etc.) , a verb ends in -ing: I’ m not very good at Are you fed up with I ’ m sorry for Thank yo u for Mark is thinking of Tom left without After
telling doing not calling helping buying • saymg doing
stones. the same thing every day? you yesterda y. me a ne 、IV ca r. goodbye. (= he didn ’t say goodbye) the housework , they went shopping.
before/after -ing • Unit 106 think aboutlof • Unit114
U N I T
Exercises 113.1 look at the pictures and complete the sentences with oflwithl in , etc. 1
Woof!
2.
6. Can I help you?
4.
3.
~ ll kgx ;lll I speak Japanese, Russian , Spanish . ’
This is my husband.
1
He ’s afraid
2
She ’s interested
languages. 4. She ’s very good the weather 5. He ’s fed up 6. A: Can 1 help you? B: Thanks , that ’s very kind you.
dogs sC1 ence.
3 ‘ She ’s married
‘
a
soccer playe r.
113.2 Complete the sentences with inloflabout, et c. 1. 1’ m not interested 2.
I으_
sports.
1’ 111 not very good
3.
sports 1 like Sarah. She ’s always very ni ce
4.
1’ 111 so rry
me.
5.
yo ur broken window. 1t was an accident He ’s very brave. He isn ’ t afraid anything.
6.
It was very nice
7.
Life today is very diffe rent
Jane to let us stay in her apartment.
8
Are you interested 9. 1 feel sorry
10 11
life 50 years ago.
politi cs? her , but I can ’ t help her
Chris was angry
what happened
These boxes arε very heavy. They are fu ll
12. What ’s wrong? Are you
n1eP
ll1 ad
113.3 Complete the sentences. 1. l ' 111 not very ----fJ ood at te l/in(J 2.
I wanted to go to the
3.
Sue isn ’ t very
4.
Let ’s go! I ’ m
1l1 0vies
books
stories. (good / te ll)
, but Paula wasn ’t
. (interested / go) up in the 111orning. (goo d / get) (fed up / wait)
5. 1’ 111
you up in the middle of the night (sorry / wake)
6. Sorry 1’ m late!
. (thank you / wait)
113.4 Complete the sentences. Use without -ing. 1. (To m left / he didn ’ t say goodbye) 7om le잠 without sayin (J (J oodbye 2.
(S ue walked past me / she didn ’t speak)
3.
Sue walked (don ’t do anything / ask m e fir st)
Don ’ t 4. (I went out / 1 didn ’ t lock the door)
113.5 Write sentences about yourself. 1. (interested) 1','m interested in 5oorts 2.
(a fraid)
I’ m
3. 4.
(not very good) (not interested)
I ’ m not
5.
(fed up)
227
listen to ... , look at ... , etc. (verb + preposition) A m an stopp ed m e and asked m e for m on ey.
belong to .
•
Do es this boo k belong to you ? (= Is this your book ?)
happen to . ..
•
1 can ’t find my pen. What ’s happened to it?
listen to ...
•
Listen to this music. It ’s great .
look at .
• •
He ’s looking at his watch Look at these f1 owers! They ’re beautifu l. Why are you looking at me like that? % s ---m m’K
•
·띠 맹
H e
m
g n
Uω
s nn l
삐뼈
p」
••
look for
9 ~
14
S
cun
‘
π
이n
·m
>
여
m 영
m
뼈
///
때 빼
빼빠
，뼈
m ‘
’’ ”mr
π빼
•
야
ask (so m eb o dy) for
V /
•
• take care of.
Did yo u talk to Paul about the problem ? (on the phone) C an 1 speak to C hris, please?
•
When Pat is at work , a fri end of h ers takes care of h er children. D o n ’t lose this book. Take care of it.
thank so m ebody for .. .
•
Thank yo u very much for yo ur h elp.
think about . or think of .
• •
H e n ever thinks about (or o f) other people. M ark is thinking of (or about) buying a n ew computer.
wait for .. .
•
Wait for m e. 1’ m almost ready.
write (to) ...
•
1 tried calling the company, but they didn ’t answe r, so 1 wrote to them . (or 1 wrote them)
•
Call , e-mail , and text call somebody , e-mail somebody , text somebody (n o preposition) • 1 have to call my parents to nigh t. (η ot call to .. .) • A : Co uld yo u use yo ur cell pho ne w h en yo u were in Europe? B: N o. My friends and fa mily e-mailed m e instead of calling. • Let Sam kn ow w h ere to m eet us. E-mail o r text him befo re he leaves work Depend We say depend on • A: D o yo u like eating in restaurants? B : Som etimes. It depends on the restau ra nt. (not it depends o f) You can say it depends what/ where / how , etc. , w ith or w ithout on: • A: D o yo u want to com e out w ith us? B: It depends where yo u ’re go ing. or It depends on where yo u ’re going
wait • Unit 55 preposition + -ing • Unit 113
U N
Exercises 114.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with tolforlat, et c. 1
4.
3.
2.
Paul
5
6.
Where ’5 Tom
、‘、
Jane
at
1. She ’s looking
her watch. the radio. a tax 1.
2. He ’s listening 3. They ’re waltmg
4. Paul is talking 5. They ’ re looking 6. Sue is looking
Sue Jane. a plcture. Tom
114.2 Complete the sentences with a preposition (tolforlabout , etc.) if necessary. 1. Thank you very much (o r your help 2. 3.
4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
15. 16 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
This isn't my umbrella. It belongs a [riend of mine. Who ’s going to take care your dog while you're out of town? (on the phone) Can 1 speak Steven Davis , pleasε? φ n the phone) Thank you calling. Goodbye. Excuse me , 1’ m looking Hill Street. Can you tell me where it is? We ’re thinking going to Australia next yea r. We asked the waiter tea , but he brought us coffee. “ Do you like to read books?" “ It depends the book." John was talking , but nobody was listening what he was saying. the camera and smile. 1 want to take your picture. Please look We waited Karen until 2:00 , but she didn ’ t come. What happened Ella last night? Why didn ’ t she come to the party? Don ’t forget to call your mother tonight He ’s alone all day. He never talks anybody. “ How much does it cost to stay at this hote!?" “ It depends the room." It will be faster if you e-mail me , but you can also write me at this address Catherine is thinking changing jobs 1 looked the newspaper, but 1 didn ’t read it carefully. When you ’re sick , you need somebody to take care you. Barry is looking a job. He wants to work in a hotel 1 don ’t want everyone to hear my conversation with Jane. 1’ II text he r.
114.3 Answer these questions with It depends ....
m?·P·?·?· /t devends where vou're aoinα m /t deoends on the restaur，α nt.
π
νJ 、
뼈 빠m 염(따
·
퍼
1 i
뻐따샤씨 m 영
짧
잉
」u
qa
띠
5. 6.
l
1vJ
삐
끼、 ι
,
잉
?ι
44
I k W w ut • % @ ‘ D o O J Ke t O m DO W t m w ” C n W m O 띠
1i
It depends m
Are you leaving town this weekend? Can you lend me some money?
229
go in , fall off, run away, etc. (phrasal verbs 1) A phrasal verb is a verb (go/ look/ be , etc.)
+ in/ out/ up / down , etc. out
ln
•
•
get tn Kate op ened the doo r of the car and got in. (= into th e car) 1 waited o utside th e sto re. 1 didn ’t go in.
•
•
look out 1 we nt to the window and looked out. A car stopp ed , and a wo m an got out (= out of the ca r)
off
on
Jall oJf -'
get on •
T h e bus cam e , and 1 got on.
•
down
up
• • •
stand up Sh e stood up and left th e roo m . 1 usua11y get up ea rly. (= ge t o ut of b ed) We looked up at the stars in the sky.
• •
•
Jall
T h e picture fell down . 찌10 uld yo u like to sit down ? Lie down o n th e f1 00 r.
doψn
back
away or off
y
• •
B e careful! Don ’t fall off.
”
come back
“n away
T h e thief ran away. (or ... ran off) E mma go t into th e ca r and drove away . (or . .. drove off)
• •
Go away and do n 't come back l We we nt o ut for dinner and th en went back to o ur h o te l.
be / go away (= in/ to an o ther place) • T im h as gone away fo r a few days.
be back • Tim is away. H e ’ 11 be back o n M o nday.
over
around 、 、
move over • •
pull
0νer
T h ere was an empty seat , so h e moved over. 1 was tired of driving and pulled over.
• •
“셔f“
tu rn around So m ebo dy sh o uted l11y nam e , so 1 turned around . We went fo r a long walk. After an h o ur we turned around and went back.
get • Unit 57 put on / take otf, et c. (phrasal verbs 2) • Unit 116 more phrasal verbs • Appendix 6
U N I T
Exercises
115.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use these verbs + inloutlup , etc. got
5.
looked
got
Hello!
rode
6
sat
turned
、lV ent
3.
4.
7.
8.
1!.uS
1 went to the window and 2. The doo r was open , so we 3 H e h ea rd a plan e, so he 4. She go t on her bike and
/ooked out
‘
5. 1 sa id hell o , and h e 6. T he bu s stopp ed , and sh e 7. Th ere was a free sea t , so she 8 A ca r stopp ed , and two l11 en
115.2 Complete the sentences. Use out/away/back , et c.
1
“ What happ en ed to th e pi cture o n the wall?"
“ It fell
d쁘
"
2. Please do n ’t wa lk 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10 .
. 1 have sOl11 ething to tell yo u. Lisa h eard a noise in back of h er, so she turned to see what it w as . 1’ 111 going now to do sO l11 e shopping. 1’ 11 be at 5: 00 . 1’ 111 really tired. 1’ 111 go in g to lie on the sofa . > 1 ca n ’ t see the 1110vie sc reen. Wo uld yo u pl ease m ove M ark is fro l11 Utah . H e lives in Bosto n now, but he wa nts to go to U tah We do n ’ t have a key to th e ho use , so we ca n ’ t get 1 was ve ry tired this 1110rning. 1 co uldn ’ t ge t A: “ When are yo u go ing ?" B “ O n th e fifth. And 1’ m co m 1l1 g on th e twe nty- fourth."
115.3 Before you do this exercise , study the verbs in Appendix 6 (page 242). Complete the sentences. Choose a verb from the box + on/off/up , et c. If necessarι put the verb into the correct form. break fall 1.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
slow speak
take
work
+ along/ o n / off/ u p / down / over/ out
9 L
hu
빼
삐
야
ω 빽니
없때
1 we nt to sleep at 10:00 and 잉쁘브g at 8 :00 the next mo rnin g “ It ’s tlme to go ” “ a minute. 1’ m not rea dy ye t." T h e train and finally stopped . 1 like flying , but 1’ m always n ervo us w h en the plane To ny doesn ’ t see hi s sister mu ch . T h ey don ’t ve ry well. 1t ’S diffi cult to h ea r yo u . Ca n yo u a littl e? m any tlmes T his car isn't ve ry good. It has 껴f h e n babies try to walk , th ey so m etimes Be n isn ’ t in goo d shape beca use he does n ’t at the gym anymo re. h e 1 1 tri ed to find a j ob , but 1 O R % % ’m ’ m? T h e fire alarm 뎌
11 .
go hold
때
10.
get glve
231
put on your shoes (phrasal verbs 2)
put your shoes on
Sometimes a phrasal verb (put on / take o ff, et c.) has an
j
v m /
puton
빼
‘,‘
•
Jω
%
object your coat
For example:
xω 빠
verb put on
0ψect.
m
take off
.... You can say: put on your coat or put your coat on
You can say take off your shoes or take your shoes off
빽
m
Some more phrasal verbs
와
nm r- ’s WJ
m
아πn
, Pl
r i
따
ψ
••
띠내
But it/ them (p ronounυ always go before on / off, etc.: put it on (not put on it) -t nv U m m mm • |
+
·n
m
•
take them off (not take off them) 1’ m going to take off my shoes. (or take my shoes off) Your shoes are dirty. Take them off.
0 씬ect
’ turn on / turn off (lights , machines , faucets , etc.): • •
It was dark , so 1 turned on the ligh t. (or 1 turned the light on) 1 don ’ t want to watch this program You can turn it off.
pick up / put down: • •
on
pick
turn off
μp
off
put down
Those are my keys on the floo r. Can you pick them up for me? 1 stopped reading and put my book down. (or put down my book)
bring back / take back / give back / put bac k: • • • •
You can take my umbrella , but please bring it back. 1 took my new sweater back to the store. It was too small for me 1 have Rachel ’s keys. 1 have to give them back to he r. 1 read the letter and then put it back in the envelope.
90 in / fall off, et c. (phrasal verbs 1) •
take
Unit 115 more phrasal verbs + object • Appendix 7
brù쟁
back
U N I T
Exercises 116.1 Look at the pictures. What did these people do? 2.
1.
3.
/ ’、
5.
4
t urned
1. He
on the I'aht
She 5. He 6. She 4.
She 3. He 2.
116.2 You can write these sentences in three different ways. Complete the table.
I turned the radlo on
1 turned on the radio 2.
He put on his jacke t.
He
3.
She
Shε
4.
1 picked up the phone.
5.
They gave back the key.
I turned It on He
took her glasses off.
We turned the lights off.
6.
116.3 Complete the sentences. Use these verbs with bring back
pick up
take back
it or them.
turn off
1. 1 wanted to watch something on television , so 1 2. My new lamp doesn ’t work. 1’ m going to
turned It on to the store. and put them
3. There were some gloves on the floor , so 1 on the table. 4. When 1 finished working on the computer, 1 5. Thank you for lending me these books. 1 won ’ t forget to
따
뼈 i
·빵
M
뼈
116.4 Before you do this exercise , study the verbs in Appendix 7 (page 243). Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs. Sometimes you will also need to use itlthemlme.
--m
j
m
put out showaround
“‘“ν “
....:1 ........... -‘
“ ‘J
....
.a‘
try on
throwaway
1.
T h ey _프똥__ a lot of houses
2.
That music is very loud. Can you turn It down ? 1 a glass and broke it. " “ What does this word mean?" “ Here ’s a dictionary. You can 1 want to keep these magazines. Please don ’t 1 a pair of shoes at the store , but 1 didn ’ t buy them. 1 visited a school last week. One of the teachers after a month." “ Do you play the piano?" “ No , I started to learn , but 1 Somebody gave me a form and told me to Smoking isn ’ t allowed here. Please your C1 garette
3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10.
d약ι_ when they built the new road.
233
APPENDIX 1
Active and passive 1.1
Present and past Active Simple present
• • l
Simple past
Present continuous
Past continuous
Present perfect
Past perfect
1.2
Passive
• • • •
We make butter from milk. Somebody cleans these rooms every day. People never invite me to partles. How do they make butter?
• Somebody stole my car last • week. Somebody stole my keys • yesterday. They didn ’ t invite me to the • party When did they build these • houses? • • • • • • •
Butter is made from millι These rooms are cleaned every day. 1 am never invited to parties. How is butter made?
l
My car was stolen last week.
l
My keys were stolen yesterday
• When were these houses built? • 1 wasn ’ t invited to the party.
They are building a new airport at this time. (= it i s 마 finished) They are b u ildin g some new houses near the river When 1 was here a few years ago , they were building a new airport. (= it wasn ’t finished at that time)
l
A new airport is being bui1t at this time. Some new houses are being built near the rive r.
• When 1 was here a few years • ago, a new air port was being built
Look! They have painted the door These shirts are clean. Somebody has washed them Somebody has stolen my ca r. Tina said that somebody had stolen her ca r.
• • • •
Look! The door has been painted. These shirts are clean. They have been washed. My car has been stolen Tina said that her car had been stolen.
WiII l can I must I have to , etc. A ctive
Passive
• • • • •
So mebody will clean the o ffi ce tomorrow. Som ebody must clean the o ffi ce at nigh t. 1 think they ’ II invite you to th e party. They can ’ t repair my watch. You should wash this swea ter by hand
• • • • •
Th e o ffi ce will be cleaned t01110 rrow. T he offi ce must be cleaned at ni ght. 1 think yo u ’ II be invited to th e party M y watch can ’ t be repaired. This swea ter should be washed by hand.
• • •
They are going to build a new airp ort. So mebo dy has to wash these clo thes. Th ey had to take the injured man to th e hospital
• • •
A new airpo rt is going to be built. Th ese clo th es have to be washed. The injured man had to be taken to the hospital
APPENDIX 1
235
APPENDIX 2
List of irregular verbs see Unit 25 Iηfinítive
Símple past
Past participle
Infinítíve
Simple past
Past partíciple
be
was/were
been
lie
lay
lain
beat
beat
beaten
light
lit
become
became
become
lose
begin
began
begun
make
1it lost made
bite
bit
bitten
mean
blow
blew
blown
meet
break
broke
broken
bring
brought
build
built
brought built
pay put
buy
bought
catch
lost made
meant (ment) * meant (ment) * met met paid paid put
put
quít
qmt
qmt
bought
read (reed) *
read (red) *
read (red) *
caught
caught
ride
rode
ridden
choose
chose
chosen
I ring
rang
rung
come
came
come
nse
rose
nsen
cost
cost
cost
run
ran
run
cut
cut
cut
say
said (sed) *
said (sed) *
do
did
done
see
sa、v
seen
draw
drew
drawn
sell
sold
sold
drink
drank drove
send shine
sent shone
sent
drive
drunk driven
eat
ate
eaten
shoot
shot
fall feel
fell
fallen
show
showed
felt
felt
shut
shut
•
•
sang
•
shone shot shown shut
fight find
fought
fought
smg
found
found
Slt
sat
sung sat
fly forget
flew
flown
sleep
slept
slept
forgot
forgotten
speak
spoke
spoken
get • glve
got gave went
gotten glven
spend stand
spent
steal
grew
gone grown
spent stood stole
s、IVlm
s、;v am
stood stolen swum
hang
hung
hung
take
took
taken
have
had
had
teach
taught
taught
hear hide
heard hid
heard
tear
tore
torn
hidden
tell
told
told
hit
hit
hit
think
thought
thought
hold
held
held
throw
threw
thrown
hurt
hurt
hurt
understood
understood
keep know
kept knew left
kept known
understand wake
woke wore
woken worn
won
won
wrote
、;v ntten
go grow
leave lend
lent
left lent
let
let
let
236 APPENDIX 2
•
“rear •
、IVln
•
wnte
* pronuncíatíon
APPENDIX 3
Irregular verbs in groups The simple past and past participle are the same:
2.
‘ M
팩뼈
k
feel leave m eet m ea n
3
brin g buy fight thin k
• -•
• •
Slt
2
& m ‘ m
broken chosen spoken woken
st이 en
•
drive ride n se
• •
• driven • ridden • risen -• written
drove rode rose wrote
、v nt e
-
bea t bit e h ide
• beat -• bit • hid
•
eat fa ll forge t ge t glve see take
-
-
f
‘
tl
-
-• -
-•
• • •
felt left met meant (ment) *
3
brought bought fought thought
• •
caught taught
•
• •
sold told
find h ave h ea r hold read say
• • • • •
found had heard (herd) * held read (red) * said (sed) *
뼈 때
• •
stand u n ders tand
5
e
-• stood •
• • • • •
-• blew • grew -• knew -•
threw flew
-• • -• • -•
blown grown known thrown flown
draw
•
drew
•
drawn
show
•
showed •
shown
begin drink sW lm
• • -•
began drank s、v am
nng smg
• •
rang sang
•
run
-•
ran
-• run
m
-
ate fell forgot got gave
-
• begun • drunk -• s 、lV um
•
rung sung
understood 6.
* pronunciation
• • • • -• sa、v • took
au. v
빼뼈
•
4
• •
beaten bitten hidden
eaten fallen forgotten gotten given seen taken
w ’m m
sell tell
e
-
lost shot lit sat
• • •
• • • •
-• woke
얘
4.
-
lose -• shoo t • light •
lent sent spent built
@
broke
wake
r·U 비 야
cat ch t each
•
뼈빠 ‘‘
lend se nd sp end build
shut
-• •
mi
•
야 J
hurt
qUl t
put q Ul t shut
brea k
않
hit
•
1
빼띠
-• -• -•
cost cut hit hurt
-• let
past and past paκiciple are di야rent: 4 ω
-
let put
sil1ψ e
샤씨 m 싸
cost cut
The
come become •
-• came became •
come become
APPENDIX 3 237
APPENDIX 4
Short forms he’s/I'd/don ’ t , etc. 4.1
In spoken English we usually pronounce 1 am as one word. The short form (1끼1) is a way of writing this:
• ít ís -• they have •
I ’m lt ’s they ’ ve , etc.
Iam
• •
•
1’ m feeling tired this morning “ Do yo u like this jacket?" “ Yes , it ’s n1ce.” “ Where are your fri ends?" “ They ’ ve gone home."
When we write short forms , we use ’ 씨t apostrophe) I )(m • I ’ m he Xs• he ’ s you 짜'<(ve → you ’ v e she y.::tll • she ’ 11
4.2 We use these forms with I/helshe, et c.: am 1S are have has had will would
-+
’m
•
성
’re • ’ ve • ’s -• ’d -• ’ 11 -• ’d
I ’m he ’s
she ’s
it ’s 、lVe ’ ve
you ’re you ’ ve
they ’re they ’ ve
we ’d we ’ 11 we ’d
you ’d you ’ 11 you ’d
they ’d they ’ 11 they ’d
、lVe ’re
-+
I ’ ve I ’d I ’ 11 I ’d
he ’s he ’d he ’ 11 he ’d
she ’s she ’d she ’ 11 she ’d
•
1’ ve got some new shoes.
• •
We ’ 11 probably go out tonight. It ’ s 10:00. You ’ re late aga in.
it ’s
’ s = is or has: • •
She ’ s going out tonigh t. (she ’ s going = she is going) She ’ s gone out. (she ’ s gone = she has gone)
’ d = would or had • A: What wo uld you like to eat? B: 1’ d like a salad , please. (1’ d like = 1 would like) • 1 told the police that 1’ d lost my passpor t. (1’ d lost = 1 had lost) Do not us e ’ m l ’ sl ’ d , etc. at the end of a sentence (see Unit 41 ): • “ Are yo u tired?" “ Yes , 1 am. " (not Yes , 1’ m.) • She isn’ t tired , but he is. (not he ’ s) 4.3
We use short forms with I/youlhelshe , etc., but you can use short forms (especially 's) with other words , too: • Who ’ s your favor ite singer? (= who is) • What ’ s the time? (= what is ) • There ’ s a big tree in the ya rd. (= there is ) • My sister ’ s worki ng in London. (= my sister is working) • Paul ’ s gone ou t. (= Paul has gone out) • What color ’ s yo ur ca r? (= What colo r is yo ur ca r?)
238 APPENDIX 4
APPENDIX 4
Short forms he’5/1 ’ d / don't, etc. 4.4
Negative short forms (see Unit 44): isn ’ t aren ’ t wasn ’ t weren ’ t hasn ’ t haven ’ t hadn ’ t • •
• •
4.5
(= (= (= (= (= (= (=
is not) are not) w as n ot) w ere no t) h as n o t) h ave no t) had no t)
(= do not) don ’ t doesn ’ t (= doe s not) (= did not) didn ’ t
can ’ t couldn ’ t won ’ t wouldn ’ t shouldn ’ t mustn ’ t
(= (= (= (= (= (=
cannot) could not) will not) would not) should not) must not)
W e we nt to h er ho use , but she wasn ’ t at ho m e. “ Where ’s D av id ?" “ 1 don ’ t know. 1 haven ’ t see n him. " Yo u wo rk all th e time. Yo u shouldn ’ t wo rk so h ard 1 won ’ t be h ere to mo rrow. (= 1 w ill n ot)
's (apostrophe + s) ’ s ca n m ea n di fferent things : (1) ’ s = is or has (see sec ti o n 4.2 of thi s app endi x) (2) let ’ s = let us (see U ni t 37) • It ’s a b ea utiful day. Let ’ s go outsid e. (= Let us go outsid e.) her ca m era (3) K ate ’ s ca m e ra my bro th er ’ s ca r = hi s ca r the m an age r ’ s office = hi s/ h er office , etc (see Unit 65) C omp are • Kate ’ s camera was ver y ex pe nsive . (Kate ’ s ca m era = her ca m era ) • Kate ’ s a ver y good photo graphe r. (Kate ’ s = Kate is ) • Kate ’ s go t a n ew ca m era. (K ate ’ s got = K ate has got)
APPENDIX 4 239
5.1
Words + -5 and -e5 (birds/watches. et c.)
noun + s (plural) (see Unit 67) bird -• birds mistake -• mistakes
hotel
verb + s (he / shelit -s ) (see Unit 5) think -• thinks live -• lives
remember -• remembers
•
hotels
but
짧빼떼
• •
r
η
찌빼
+ es after -s I -sh I -ch I -x bus • buses dish -• dishes watch -• watches box • boxes
addres s • addresses finish • finishes sandwich -• sandwiches
““ @m
also potato • potato es do • does
tomato -+ tomatoes go • go es
-f I -fe • -ves shelf • shelves 5.2
knife -• knives
Words ending in -y (baby •
but
babies / study •
%
m ‘‘” l
copied
-γ
• -ier I -iest (see Units 88 , 91) easy • easier/easiest (not easyer/easyest) happy • happier I happiest heavy -• heavier/ heaviest
-y • -ily (see Unit 87) easy • easily (η ot easyly) happy • happily
heavy •
lucky -• luckier I luckiest funny • funnier Ifunn iest
he avily
lucky •
y does not change to i if the ending is -ay I -ey I -oy I -uy: holiday • holidays (not holidaies) enj oy • enj oys / e 빙 oyed stay • st ays / stayed buy •
but say •
said
240 APPENDIX 5
pay •
paid
(irregular verbs)
luckily
buys
key • keys
사M 7
‘
빼
copy •
m
·없
marry -• married
(
-y -• -ied (see Unit 11) study • studied (not studyed) try • tried
”y • nVJ • n
’h J
얘뼈 ·없
city -• clties marry -• marries
「
U
싸‘
(섭
ku
總 없
π“
야
n“v •
•
roofs
studied. etc.)
-y • -les study • studies (not studys) 0
roof •
VJ
5.3
-mg Verbs that end in -e (make / write / drive , etc.) -• 뼈 ng wnte -• wr1ting come • coming make • making Verbs that end in -ie -• -ying: lie • lying die • dying
5.4
stop •
tle •
dance •
dancing
tymg
stopped , big -• bigger, et c.
Vowels and conso nants: VOlν el letters: a e Consonant letters: b c
O
I
d
U
f
g
k
1
m
n
p
r
s
t
w
Y
Sometimes a word ends in a vowel + a consonant. For exa mple : stop , big , ge t Before -ingl -ed l -er I -est , th e co nso nant (p / g / t , etc.) beco m es pp l gg / tt , etc. For exa mple
stop run get s 、'1 1m
big hot thin
V+C ST 0 P RU N G E T SW I M B I G H 0 T TH I N
p • n -+ t -+ m -+ g • t -+ n -•
stoppmg runn1ng gettmg SW1 tt1tt1 1ng bigger hotter thinn er
pp nn tt tt1tt1
gg tt nn
stopp ed
V C
= vowel consonant
biggest hottes t thinn est
This do es rlO t happ en: (1) ifthe word end s in two
h elp work fast
C+C HE L P WO R K FA S T
helping working faster
helped worked fastest
(2) if the word ends in two vowelletters + a consonant letter (V + V + C)
need walt cheap
V+V+ C N E E D w A I T CH E A P
needing wal t1 ng cheap er
needed wait ed cheap est
(3) in longer words (two syll abl es or mo re) ifthe las t part ofthe wo rd is not stressed
happen VlSlt remember
stress HAP-pen VIS-it re-MEM-ber
• happening/ happened (nothappenned) • visiting/ visited -• remembering/ remembered
but prefer begin (4)
pre-FER be-GIN
(stress at the en씨 • (stress at the end) •
preferring/ preferred beginning
ifthe word ends in -y or -w. (At the end ofwords , y and w are not conso n ants.) enjoy • enjoying / enjoy ed snow • snowing / snowed few • fewerlfew es t
APPENDIX 5
241
APPENDIX 6
Phrasal verbs take off / give Up, etc. This is a list of some important phrasal verbs (see Unit 115). look out / watch out = be cardμl • Look out! T h ere ’s a car comlng work out = exercíse (to becom e stronger or more fit) • Sarah works out at the gym two or three times a week. on
Iνork
out
come on = be quick / h μ rry • Come on! Everybody is waiting for yo u . --
go on = contmue • I ’ m sorry I interrupted. Go on . (= continue wha t you were saying) • H ow long will th is h o t weather go on?
용t
Hold on a mlnute.
keep on = continue (ta lki ng, etc.) • I asked them to be qui et , but they kept on talking.
〈훌
hold on = waít • Can you hold on a m inute? (= can you wait?)
OR
take off = leaue the ground Ubr p la%sj take qf • T h e plane took off 20 minutes late but arrived on time go off = explode μ bomb, etc.) or ríng μ n alarm , an alarm clock , etc.) • A bomb went off and caused a lot of damage. • A car alarm goes off if som eb ody tries to break in to the ca r.
go off
clean up = make neat or clean • After the party, it took two ho urs to clean up . give up = stop trymg • I know it ’s difficult , bu t don ’t give up . (= don ’t stop trying) grow up = become an adult • What does you r son want to do when h e grows up ?
행때@
hurry up = do somethí~앵 more quick ly • Hurry up ! We don ’ t h ave m u ch time .
grow up
speak up = speak more loudly • I can't hear yo u . Can yo u speak up , please?
wake up
wake up = stop sleepíng • I often wake up in th e middle of the nigh t. do얻으
slow down = go more slowly • You ’re driving too fast . Slow down !
‘
break do1vn •
break down = stop working (for cars, machínes, etc.) • Sue was very late because h er car broke down . get along = be together !νítho μ t problems • Sam doesn ’t visit his parents often. He doesn ’t get along with his fa the r. over
fall over = lose your balance • I fell over because my sh oes were too big for me .
242 APPENDIX 6
Jall over
Phrasal verbs + object put out a fire / try on clothes , etc.
APPENDIX 7
T his is a li st ofsome important phrasa l verbs + object (see Unit 116) . fill out a form = complete a Jorm • Can you fill out this form , please?
out
put out a fire, a cigarette , etc. • The fire department arrived and put the fire out. cross out a mistake , a word , et c. • If yo u make a mistake , cross it out.
put out
cross out
try on clothes = put on c/ othes to see if they fit you • (in a store) Where can 1 try these pants on? give up something = stop doing / having so mething • Sue gave up her job when her baby was born. (= she stopped working) • Tom's doctor told him he had to give up smoking. look up a word in a dictionary, etc. • 1 didn ’t know the meaning of the word , so 1 looked it up in a dictionar y. turn up the TV, radio , music , heat , et c. = make it louder or warmer • Can you turn the radio up ? 1 can ’ t h ear it. wake up somebody who is sleeping • 1 have to get up early tomorrow. Can yo u wake me up at 6:30? down
tear down a building = demolish it • They are going to tear down the sc hool and build a new one.
tear dOlνn
turn down the T V, radio , music , heat , et c. = make it quieter or less warm • T h e music is too loud. Can you turn it down ? knock over a cup , a glass , a person , etc. • Be carefu l. Don ’ t knock your cup over
knock over I throw away garbage , things you don ’t want • T hese apples are bad. Should 1 throw them away? • Don ’ t throw away that picture. 1 want it
throwaway
put something away = pμ t it in the place 1ν here you usually keep it • After they finished playing , the children put their toys away. pay somebody back = give back money that you borrowed • T h ank yo u for lending me the money. 1’ 11 pay you back n ext week. around
“
show somebody around = take somebody on a to r oJ a place l 재le visited a factory last week. The manager showed us around .
APPENDIX 7
243
Additional Exercises List of exerc ises 1-2 3
am/is/are
4
5-7 8-9 10-13 14 15 16-18 19-22 23 24-27 28 29 30-31 32 33-34 35
Present continuous Simple present Simple present, am/is/are and have (got) Present continuous and simple present was/were and simple past Simple past and past continuous Present and past Present perfect Present perfect and simple past Present, past, and present perfect Passive Future Past , present, and future Past , present, and future -ing and to . .. a and the Prepositions
Units 1-2 Units 3-4 Units 5-7 Units 1-2, 5-7, 9 Units 3-8 Units 10-12 Units 11-14 Units 3-14 Units 16-21 Units 19-21 Units 3-21 Units 22-23 , Appendix 1 Units 26-29 Units 3-21 , 26-29 Units 3-23 , 26-29, 53 , 55 , 99, 106 Units 52-56 , 106 , 113 Units 66 , 70-74 Units 104-109, 112
Units 1-2
amlislare 1
Write sentences for the pictures. Use the words in the boxes + islisn'f/are/aren'f. 2.
3.
Lisa
Kate 5.
No, th ank yo u.
6
Gary
Kate The children Gary The books The hotel The bus
on the table hungry asleep o l' eft full near the station a doctor }UI:I'I' Y
244 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
1
Th e windows are otJ en ‘
2
Lisa isn't hal?J2.ν
3. Kate 4. 5 6 7 8.
2
Complete the senterπes. your pa rents?"
3. “ Is Anna at home?" 4. 5. 6 7. 8 9.
I'rη
“ T’h
thirsty." mr m ”
/
「
H ow are
2. “
“ No , but
야
1 “ Are you hungry?"
L
at work- ,,
“ No , my keys?"
“ On your desk."
American or Canadian?
Where is Pau l from?
very hot today. The temperature is 38 degrees Celsius. “ Are you a teacher?" “ No , a student." “ your umbrella?" “ Green- ” in the parking lot? Where ’ s your car? t1red? ” “ No , 1’m fine." 10. ?" “ Seventy- five dollars." 11 “ These shoes are nice. How
Units 3-4
Present continuous (I 'm working I are you working?, etc.) 3
Use the words in parentheses to write sentences. 1. A: Where are your parents?
7nev're watchina 7v
B:
(they / watch / TV)
2. A: Paula is go ing ou t.
Where's she
B:
3. A:
매There ’ s
α o/na 2
(where / she / go?)
David? (he / take / a shower) (the children / play? )
B
4. A: B ’ No , they ’ re asleep .
(it / rain?)
5. A: B: No , not any more. 6. A: Where are Sue and Steve?
(they / come / now) (why / you / stand / here?) (1 / wait / for somebody)
B‘
7. A ’ B:
SJmple pres~!1t (! lIIfork I she doesn'f work I do you work?, etc.) 4
Units 5-7
Complete the sentences. Use the simple present.
1.
Sue always get5 Wedon't watch
2. 3. How often
to work early.
(Sue / always / get)
TV very often . do y ou was h your hair? to go. {J「.
rL
go out tonight? m l p l
L 따k아
to
따 아
4. 1 want to go to the movies , but 5.
1 )
매That
9ι
이a
12. A B
〔
6. 7. very much. 8. 1 enjoy traveling , but in the morning? 9 매That time 10. My parents are usually at home at nigh t. very often. 11. work at 5:00. i
?
in a hote l.
(we / not / watch) (you / wash) (Sam / not / want) (you / want) (Helen / live) (Sarah / know) (1 / not / travel) (you / usually / get up) (they / not / go out) (Tom / always / leave)
(J ulia / do) (she / work)
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
245
Simple present, amlislare and have (got) 5
Read the questions and Claire’ s answers. Then write sentences about Claire. 1 2
3 4
5 6 7
8. 9.
6
Units 1-2, 5-7 , 9
Are you married? Do you live in Houston? Are you a student? Do you have a car? Do you go out a lot? Do you have a lot of friends? Do you like Houston? Do you like to dance? Are you interested in sports?
No. Yes. I Yes. I I No. I Yes. I I I I I
Cla ire
1
~\
2
WJ ~\
3
Fl '-~I
4
~→'ß I
5
Yes. ‘1 ~ • • "‘ No Yes. I No
‘
She isn't married She lives in Hous ton
6 .용
**
7
8.
9.
Complete the questions. 1
이Ihat's
your name
?
married? ?
Where
any children? P
How
2
>
?
yourjob? a car? to work by car?
?
in NewYork? 7
Write sentences from these words. AII the sentences are present. 1. (Sar빼 a찌 h often
2. (my par앤en 따 nt s
I tennis) I a new car)
곁으찍띤쩍 5 샘 ι .Qft. 밟효~/2.생 싹 E ys te째 감 enr nn νnt 띠ιparents have a new caκ 띠ιparents
have aot a new M.v shoes are dirtι
3. (my shoes I dirty) 4. (Sonia I 32 years old) Sonia 5. (1 I two sisters) 6. (we often I TV at night) 7. (J ane never I a hat) 8. (my car I a flat tire) 9. (these flowers I beautiful) 10. (Mary I German very well)
246 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
OR
caκ
j
sa
L m ’
”e @
r
‘r 1
3 -
l
얹
M
: @
aL
ι
?
my b
뼈 탱뺑
?
l ’S
π
Who is this man
I ’m 29. 1 work in a supermarke t. N 0 , 1 hate i t. Yes , 1 do. No , 1 usually go by bus
과 κM 뾰 π
3
Brian Yes , 1 am. On State Street . Yes , a daughte r. She ’ s three.
P_resent continuous (1 ’'m working) and simple present (1 work) 8
Units 3-8
Complete the sentences.
4
Jack (play) the piano very well
3.
(I/Ieave)
6
5.
What
(”v nu ,
「
(I/wo rk) .
으으gιg으_ (you/go) to the movies a 1017
때
2
미
ea.se be quie t.
/
4
(itlrain) Can I take this umbrella?
row. Goodbye!
이p~
7.
8.
9
Excuse me ,
(I/not/wa tch ) TV very much.
(we/look) for the museum
9
What ’5 this word? How (yo u/pronounce) it?
Which is righ t? 1. “ 3 ‘ ; γou socakiru!' / Do vou socak English?"
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12
“ Yes , a little."
(Do yo “ speak is right)
Sometimes we ’ re going / we go away o n wee kend s 1t ’ s a nice day today. The sun is shining / shin es. ( You meet Kate in the street.) Hello , K ate. Where are vo u going / do vou go? How often are vou taking / do vo u take a vaca tion? Emily is a writ e r. She ’s writing / She writes children ’s books. 1’ m never rea ding / 1 neve r rea d newspapers. “매T her e are Michael and Jan e?" “ T h ev ’ re watching / Thev watch TV in th e liv in g room. " Helen is in her office. She ’ s talking / She talk S to some bo dy. What time are vou usu allv hav ing / do vo u usuallv h ave dinner? John isn ’ t at home right n ow. He ’ s visiting / He visi ts so me friend s. “ Would you like some coffee?" “ No , th anks. 1’ m n ot drinking / 1 don ’ t drink coffee."
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 247
"'!..a~/were
an_d_ simpJe past (1 worked I did you work?, etc.) 10
Units 10-12
Complete the sentences. Use one word only. 1. I got up early and
t으으ι
a showe r.
2. Tom was tired last night , so he to bed early 3. I this pen on the floor. Is it yours? 4. Kate got married when she 23 5. Helen is learning to drive. She her first lesson yesterday. 6. “ I ’ ve got a new job." “ Yes , I know. David me. 7. “ Where did you buy that book?" “ It was a presen t. Jane 1t to n16. ” 8. We hungry, so we had something to ea t. 9. “ Did you enjoy the movie?" “ Yes , I it was very good." 10 “ Did Andy come to your party?" “ No , we him , but he didn ’ t come."
11
Look at the questions and Kevin ’ s answers. Write sentences about Kevin when he was a child. Kevin @
When you were a child . . . Were you ta ll? Did you like school? Were you good at sports? Did you play soccer? Did you work hard at schoo l? Did you have a lot of friends? Did you have a bicycle? Were you a quiet child?
12
He wosn't tol/ He liked schoo/
2.
He
3. 4 5 6 7 8.
Complete the questions.
• i
?•
Did 왜님으ve
a nice vacation?
끼、) 4→--」 J ιu
ιheι깅μι으ιßQ
;
there? the Bahamas? ?
good? back?
7/
13
I I I I I I
No. Yes. Yes. Yes. No. Yes. No. No
ι)
Yes , it was great , thanks. To the Bahamas. Five days. Yes , very much. I have friends there , so 1 stayed with them. Yes , it was warm and sunny. Yesterday.
Put the verb in the right form (positive. negative. or question). 1. It was a good party.
2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
“-으년J!Qι깅뜨
I 잭따양ι
it. (I / enjoy)
the di shes?" (you / do)
“ No ,
I didn't hove,
time." (I / have) “ Did you call Adam?" “ No , I ’m sorry , ." (I / forget) it? (you / get) I 1i ke your new watch. Where to her. (I / speak) I saw Lucy at the party , but A: a nice weekend? (you / have) B: Yes , I visited some friends ofmine. Paul wasn ’ t well yesterday, so to work. (he / go) “ Is Mary here?" “ Yes , five minutes ago." (she / arrive) Where before he moved herε? (Robert / live) The restaurant wasn ’ t expensive very much. (the meal / cost)
248 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
~Jmple pas~
(1 14
J/ lI)forke d} and past continuous
Units 11-14
was working)
Complete the sentences. Use the simple past or past continuous.
2. Jane
m
It
w,-as r0 1n1n g
went
딴3
Good morni ng‘
When 1 arri ve d at the o ffi ce , J an e and Paul (w o rk) at their d es ks.
(rain) w h en we
(go) o ut.
3.
Paul
4.
M 끼A
Sue
(o pe n ) the w i n dow beca u se it was h o t.
Th e ph o n e Sue
5.
6
(rin g) w h e n (coo k) di n n er 三.
Tom
so 1 w indow. 7
Tom (l ook) o u t of the w indow w h en th e accid ent (happ en ) .
(h ea r) a n o ise o utside , (l oo k) o ut of the
8
Richard
Ri ch ard h ad a b ook in hi s h and , but h e (n o t / rea d ) i t. He (wa tch ) T V.
I Erin b o u g ht a m agaz in e , but sh e I I
(n o t / rea d ) it . Sh e did n ’ t h ave tim e. Hi , Kate!
10.
9.
쩡좁
Kate
and res tauran t.
(fini sh ) lunch , (pay) th e bill , (l eave) the
morning . 1 alo n g the stree t and sh e (wa it) fo r the bu s
(see) K ate thi s (wa lk)
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 249
Units 3-14
Present and past 15
Complete the sentences. Use one of these forms: simple present (1 work / drive , etc.) simple past (1 worked / drove , etc.) 1. Yo u can turn off the T V. 1 ’m
2. 3. 4
5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10 . 1 1. 12.
present continuous (1 arn working / driving , etc.) past co ntinuous (1 was workingl driving , et c.)
not watchin9
(n o t I watch) it. Las t night Jenny -lell (fa ll) asleep while sh e was readinι_ (read) Listen! Somebody (pl ay) the piano. “ Do yo u have my key?" “ No , 1 (g ive) it back to yo u. " David is very lazy. He (not I like) to work h ard. Where (yo ur p are nts I go) on vaca tion last year? 1 (see) D iane yes terday. She (d ri ve) h er n ew ca r. A: (you I watch) TV ve ry much? B: No , 1 don ’ t h ave a T V. A: What (you I d o) at 6:00 last Sunday morning? B: 1 was in bed asleep. Andy isn't at h ome very much. He (g이 out a lo t 1 (try) to find a job right n ow. It ’ s very h ard. 1’ m tired thi s morning. 1 (n o t I sleep ) very welllas t ni g h t.
Present perfect (I have done I she has been, etc.) 16
Units 16-21
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the present perfect.
1
2.
Who ’ s that man?
Is this a good book? “
11
1
|
3.
don ’ t know. lve never seen
1
don ’ t know.
him before
It
4.
l’ m loo king for Juli a her?
More coffee?
-
‘ Yes , she was here a few minutes aqo.
250 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
No, thanks. enough .
5
6.
to Chile?
here ?
How long
。
떤Q]
=Jr·:흑
--'i
Yes , I went there a few years ago. 7.
Since 2005
8.
Do you know Alan? Alan
,
t
” u 1
매
메
~t p
매
”t
띠
17
‘
빼
Yes , we each other for yea rs
인
r
빼
π川
n
Complete the sentences (1 , 2, or 3 words). 1. Mark and Liz are m arried. They
have been
m arri ed for five yea rs.
아닝
리
맥야
Jιi
1i
9ι
m ω 「 」
…
잉
Pι
「/
야앵
」V
아‘
2 . David ha s been watching TV _효띠뜨_ 5:00 at work since 8 :30 3. Martin is at work. H e “ No , I ’ ve bee n h ere 4. “ Did yo u just arrive in Miami?" we were in hi gh schoo l. 5. 1’ ve kn own H elen ” /0 @ mL r 3 “ Really? H ow long ja -m m --J ’h G 20 years . n。
Some friends of ours are stay in g with us. They
18 Complete the sentences. Write about yourself. 1. 1’ ve never ridden a horse. 2. 1’ ve been to ι10ntreal many tllnes . 3. 1’ ve Just 4. 1’ ve (o nce / twice / a few times / many times) 5. 1 haven ’ t 6. 1’ ve never slnce 7. 1’ ve for 8. 1’ ve
five days." there? "
here since Monday.
yet
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 251
P-"es~nt perf~_ctJ~ hav~ done,
simple past (1 diëJ, etc.) 19
Units 19-21
etc.) and
Present perfect or simple pas t? Complete the sentences (positive or negative). 1.
2.
3. 4.
5.
A: Do you like London? B: 1 don ’ t know. 1 fJa ven't been there. A: Have you seen Kate? B: Yes , 1 saw her five minutes ago A: That ’ s a nice sweate r. Is it new? B: Ye s , 1 it last week. A: Are you tired this morning? B: Yes , 1 to bed lat e last nigh t. A: Is the new French movie good?
B ’ Yes , reall y good. 1 it three times. 6. A: Do you like your new job? B: 1 My first day is next Monday 7. A: The weather isn't very ni ce today, is it? B: No , butit nice yesterday 8. A: Was Helen at the party on Saturday? B: 1 don ’ t think so . 1 h e r there. 9. A: Is your son still in schoo l?
B: No , he
college two years ago.
10. A: Is Silvia married? B: Yes , she 11. A ’ Have you heard of George Washington? B: Of course. He 12. A: How long does it take to make a pizza? B: 1 don ’ t know. 1
20
married for five years. the first president of the United States. a plzza.
Write sentences with the present perfect or simple past.
A: B: 2. A: B: 3. A: 1.
B:
4. A: B: 5. A: B’
6. A: B: 7. A: B: 8. A: B: 9. A ’
Have you been to Thailand? Yes , I went there /αst vea r.
(1 / go / there / la st year)
Do you like London? 1 don ’ t know. I've never been there.
(1 / never / there )
찌T here
is Paul these day s? He ’ s living in Chicago. He Has Catherine gone home? Yes , New York is my favorite city It is?
You look tired. Yes , 1 ca n ’ t find my address book. Have yo u see n it?
(live / there / since la st May) (s he / leave / at 4:00 ) ? (how many times / you / there? )
(I / tired / all day) (it / on the table / last night)
Do you know the ]apanese restaurant on First Street?
Yes , Paula and Sue a re here. B: Are they?
252 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
(1 / eat / there a few times ) ? (what time / they / get / here?)
21
Present perfect or simple pas t? Complete the sentences.
H ave you been
1. A:
to France?
B: Yes , many times A: When B: Two years ago
the last time?
It >
it yesterda y.
Where do you live?
B: On Maple Street. A: How long B: Five years. Before that on Mill Road A: How long Mill Road? B: About three years
22
/
J
3. A: Where do yo u live?
4. A: B: A: B‘ A: B:
「
n ”v
.r
떼
>
삐
r
애
2. A: ls thi s yo ur car' B: Yes , it is A: How long B: It ’s new. 1
What do yo u do ? 1 work in a store How long N ea rly two years What
there?
011
there? before that? a taxi drive r.
1
What do you do?
Write sentences about yourself. 1. (yesterday morning)
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
I was late {or work yesterday morning.
(l ast night) (yesterday afternoon) ( ... days ago) (l ast week) (l ast year)
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 253
Present, past, and present perfect 23
Units 3-21
Which is right? 1 “
/5
Sue
workina길딩
A Does Sue work?
“ No , she ’s on vacat1on ”
"
B 1s working Sue?
2. “ Where
C Is Sue working? ?”
A lives your uncle
“ In Dallas."
B does your uncle live
C your uncle lives
3. 1 speak Italian , but
4. “ W here ’ s Tom?"
C 1 doesn ’t speak
“
A He ’ s taking
D do es live your uncle
French
B 1’m not speaking
A 1 no speak
D Does work Sue?
D 1 don ’t speak
a shower at the moment."
B He take
C H e takes
5. Why
D H e h as taken
angry with 111e yes terday?
A were yo u
C you were
B was yo u
D have you been
6 . My favorite 1110vie is Cleo's Dream AI ’m seeing
B 1 see
it fo ur times
C 1 was seeing
7. 1
DI ’ ve seen
out las t night. 1 was to o tired
A don ’ t go
B didn ’ t went
C didn ’t go
D haven ’ t gone
8. Liz is fro111 C hi cago. Sh e A is living
B ha s lived
there all h er life . C lives
D lived
9. My friend A waited
for m e when 1 arrived. B h as waited
C was waltmg
10. “ How long
D has been waiting
E n g li sh? "
A do you learn
B are yo u learning
“ Six month s."
C yo u are lea rning
D have you been learning
11. J oel is Canadian , but h e lives in P eru. H e h as been there A for three years 12.
“ 낸I h at
B since three yea rs
ti m e
D during three yea rs
“ A bout an hour ago." C did Lisa ca ll D is Lisa calling ?”
A has Lisa called
B Lisa h as ca lled
13. What
when yo u saw h er ?
A did Sue wear
B was Sue wearing
14. “ Can you drive?" A 1 never drive
C three years ago
“ No , B 1’ m n ever driving
C has Sue worn
D was wearing Sue a ca r , but 1 want to lea rn."
CI ’ ve never driven
D 1 was never driving
15. 1 saw Helen at the st ation w hen 1 was going to work this 1110rning , but sh e 111e A didn ’ t see
B don ’ t see
254 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
C hasn't seen
D didn ’ t saw
Units 22-23 , Appendix 1
Passive 24
Complete the sentences.
9
%t
、
ην
η01ν
m ι
m
4
These houses were built (build) 20 years ago. Before that there was a movie theater here , but the building (damage) in a fire and had to (tear down).
in the past
η ow
3
This bridge (build) in 1955. Now it (use) by hundreds of people every day. The bridge (paint) now
I 4.
; q
JOHNSON’SBlCYCLES 헛5
This street Strεet. 1t used to Hill Strεet ， but the name (change) a few years ago.
25
This is a
bicyclε
factory. Bicycles (make) here since 196 1. It ’s the largest bicycle factory in the country. Thousands of bicycles (produce) here every yea r.
Complete the sentences. 2. 3. 4.
5 6. 7 8. 9. 10.
Were
In vlted
(invite) to the party , but we didn ’ t go. (visit) by thousands of people. The museum is very popula r. Every year it (damage) in the storm last week. Many buildings (build) nεxt yea r. A new road is going to (clean). It will be rεady tomorrow." “ Where ’ s your jacket?" “ It (forget) . She ’ s famous now , but in a few years her name wi11 “ Are you happy with your washing machine?" “ Not really. It (repair) three times since we bought i t." (keep) in a fridge Milk should (you / ever / bite) by a snake? (steal) from my car yesterday afternoon My bag
1. We
26
(ca11) Kennedy (ca11)
‘‘ ~
Write a new sentence with the same meaning. 1. Somebody has stolen my keys.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Somebody Somebody Somebody Somebody Somebody Somebody
stole my car last week. wants you on the phone. has eaten a11 the bananas. wi11 repair the machine. is watching us. has to do the housework.
M.Y-....앨): : 5 have been stolen My car You A11 the The We The
•
•
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 255
27
Active or passive? Complete the sentences. 1. They
are buildlng
(build) a new airport now. 2. These shirts are clean now. They hα ve been washed
3 “ How did you fa ll?" “ Somebody 4. “ How did you fall?" “I 5. 1 can't find my bag. Somebody 6. My watch is broken. It 7. Who 8. When 9. These shirts are clean now. They 10. These shirts are clean now. 1 11. The letter was for me , so why 12. The information will
w ere
OR
washed (push) me."
(push) ." (take) it! (repair) at the momen t. (invent) the camera? (the camera / invent)? (wash) (wash) them. (they / send) it to you? (send) to you as soon as possible.
Future 28
(wash)
Units 26-29
Which is the best alternative? 1.
W'e're
havlna (8)
a party next Sunday. 1 hope you can come.
B We ’re having
A We have
C We ’ 11 have
2. Do you know about Karen?
her job. She told me last week
B She ’s going to qu1t
A She quits
C She ’ 11 quit
3. There ’ s a program on TV that 1 want to watch.
B It ’s starting
A It starts
in five minutes.
C It wi11 start
4. The weather is nice now, but 1 think
B it ’ s rammg
A it rains
late r.
C it will rain
5. “ What
next weekend?"
B are you doing
A do you do
“ Nothing. 1 have no plans."
C will you do
6. “ When you see Tina , can you ask her to ca11 me?"
A 1 ask
B 1’m going to ask
B 1’ m going to have
8. Don’ t take that A 1 read
nεwspaper
“
away.
lt
C 1’ 11 read
9. Rachel is sick , so
to the party tomorrow night B she isn't coming
C she won ’ t come
10. 1 want to meet Sarah at the station. What time A does her train arrive
B is her train going to arrive “ No ,
11. “ Will you be at home tomorrow night?" A 1 go out
B 1’m going out
12
C 1’ 11 go out
you tomorrow?" A Do 1 ca11
tea , please."
C 1’ 11 have
B 1’m going to read
A she doesn ’ t come
her ”
C 1’ 11 ask
7. “ What would you like to drink , tea or coffee?" A 1 have
“ OK ,
B Am 1 going to call
256 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
“ Yes , fine."
C Sha11 1 ca11
P
C is her train arriving ”
Past, present, and future 29
Units 3-21 , 26-29
Complete the sentences. 1. A:
0id y ou 9 o
(you / go) out last night?
B: No , A: What B:
A: B: Yes , A: What movie B
(1 / stay) home. (you / do)? (1 / watch) TV. (you / go) out tomorrow night? (I / go) to the movies. (you / see)? (1 / not / know) .
2. A: Are you visiting here? B: Yes , wε are. A: How long
B:
(you / be) here? (we / arrive) yesterday. (you / stay) ? (you / like) it here? (we / have) a wonderful time. /
‘
/
1 ! ]
’
/
/
때
(I
빠
3. A: Oh ,
Are you visiting here?
뼈
A ’ And how long B: Until the end of next week. A: And B: Yes ,
(I / not / decide) ye t.
(Karen / call) while you were out. B: (she / always / call) when 1’ m not here. (she / leave) a message? (she / want) you to call her back as SOO I1 as possible. A: No , but (1 / ca l!) her now. B: OK , (you / know) her number? (I / get) it for you. A: 1t ’ s in my address book
4. A;’
(1 / go) out with Chris and Steve tonight (you / want) to come with us? (you / go)? B: Yes , where (you / ever / eat) A: To the 1talian restaurant on North Avenue. there? (1 / be) there two or three times. 1n fact 1 B: Yes , (go) there last night , but 1’ d love to go again!
5. A B
when A: We l!, them now , so where are they? B A: No ,
(I / lose) my glasses again. (you / see) them? (you / wear) thεm (1 / come) in (I / not / wear) (you / look) in the kitchen? (I / go) and look now.
F’ 챙캘 "' ~
‘w
ð
ef강 ’ •
•
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 257
Past, present, and future 30
Units 3-23 , 26-29, 53 , 55 , 99, 106
Rachel is talking about her best friend , Carolyn. Put the verbs in the correct form. Carolyn is my best friend. 1 remember very well the first time (1) (we / meet). It was our first day at high school , and (2) (we / sit) next to each other in the first class. (3) (we / not / know) any other students in our class , and so (4) (we / become) friends. We found that (5) (we / like) the same things , especially music and sports , and so (6) (we / spend) a lot of time together
Co..roL~ Yl
@
(7) (8)
~
Rachel
31
six months Carolyn (9) now (10) assistant. (11) next month , and when (12) (13)
(14 )
(we / finish) school five years ago , but (we / meet) as often as we can. For the last (be) in Mexico - right (she / work) in a school as a teaching (she / come) back to the States (she / come) back , (we / have) lots of things to talk about. (it / bε) really nice to see her again
Nick and his friend Jon are from London. They are traveling around the world. Read the e-mails between Nick and his parents , and put the verbs in the correct form.
Dear Mom and Dad , 매Te ’re
’’
in Los Angeles , the first stop on our round-the-world trip! (1) \!\Ie arnved (we / arrive) here yesterday, and now (2) (we / stay) at a hotel near the airport. The flight was twelve hours , but (3) (we / enjoy) it (4) (we / watch) some movies and (5) (sleep) for a few hours , which is unusual for me - usually (6) (1 / not / sleep) well on planes Today is a rest day for us and (7) (we / not / do) anything spεcial ， but tomorrow (8) (we / go) to Hollywood (9) (see) the movie studios. (1 이 (we / not / decide) yet what to do after Los Angeles. ]on (11) (want) to drive up the coast to San Francisco , but 1’ d prefer (12) (go) south to San Diego
1 hope all is well with you - (13) (1 / send) you another e-mail next week. Love , Nick
258 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
Nick
Pacific Ocean
7
‘
‘ ..,.
‘“‘-‘ ,, '
v
,
••
“ -‘
-
‘-‘-→ι->-. ........ ““.......... ~~
~
‘~‘，;."'“*，"，"，'
W
"
1
"， _ι“~“ MO"'"
-,,"
_"
"“_.d~
_ __
“ ‘ - - -- ' " “ ‘
Dear Nick Thanks for your e-mai l. lt ’s good to hear that (14) (you / have) a good time. We ’ re fine - Ellie andJo (15) (study) hard for their exams next month. Dad has been busy at work , and last week (16) (he / have) a lot ofimportant meetings. He ’s a little tired - 1 think (17) (he / need) a good rest Keep in touch! Love , Mom
A month later
Hi Mom and Dad ,
l
i
(18) (19) (20) (21) beautiful there and (22) before (23) (24) (25) (26)
(we / be) in California for a month now (we / get) back to Los Angeles yesterday after (see) many wonderful places. 1 think the place (1 / like) most was Yosemite National Park - it ’s (we / go) biking a lo t. The day (we / leave) , Jon (have) an accidεnt on his bike. Luckily (he / not / injure) , but the bike (damage).
(27) message: now (28) (not Tuesday). (29) (30) (31)
(we / change) our travε1 plans since my last (we / leave) for Hawaii on Monday (wε / stay) there for a week before (fly) to New Zealand. (that / be) different , 1’ m sure!
All the best to El 1ie and J 0 for their exams Love ,
‘‘
Nick r
•
• -…-“~~"".~
.
’
i
7• {
‘「
j
‘
”
“- .- ‘- --=-
Have a good time in Hawaii! Ellie and Jo (32) their exams yesterday - (33) (we / get) the results. (34) We ’ re all OK. Dad and 1 (35) vacation next month. (36) weeks - (37)
(,
L(
빼
Hi Nick ,
~----~-=
‘
(1 / let) you know when
(look) forward to our (we / go) to Italy for two (we / send) you an e-mail from there.
Take care! Lovε ，
Mom
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 259
Units 52-56, 106, 113
-ing and to . 32
Which is correc t? t o turn (8L
1. Don ’ t forget
B to turn
rli
%r
n 。、N.
B m o oδ
A
p~
C turning
뼈 뼈
?ι
I ’N
μω
A turn
off the light before you go out
C gomg
3. 1’ m sorry , but 1 don ’ t have time
B to talk
A for talking
to you now .
C talking
4. Gary is always in the kitchen. He enjoys
B to cook
A cook
•
C cooking
:). We ’ ve decided
away for a few days.
B to go
A go
C gomg
6. You ’ re making too much noise. Can you please stop
A shout
B to shout
C shouting
7. Would you like
A come
to
B to come
?
dinner on Sunday?
C coming
8. That bag is too heavy for you. Let me
A help
B to help
you
C helping
9. There ’ s a swimming pool near my house. 1 go
B to swimming
A to swim
C swimming
10. Did you use a dictionary A to translate B for translating
the letter? C for translate
1 1. 1’ d love
A have
every day.
a car like yours B to have
me with this bag , please?
12. Could you A help B to help 13. 1 don ’ t mind A sit B to sit
C helping here , but 1’ d prefer to sit by the window. C sitting {ιr
rn p
뱅
yo u
라
B me to help
C
뾰
14. Do you want A that 1 help
C having
15. 1 usually read the newspaper before A start B to start C starting
work.
16. 1 wasn't feeling very well , but the medicine made me C feeling A feel B to feel 17. Shall 1 call the restaurant A for reserve B for reserving 18. Tom looked at me without A say B saying C to say
260 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
bette r. a table?
C to reserve anything.
a and
the
33 Complete the
Units 66 , 70-74 senterκes.
, please 7
2.
。
뻐
the su낀ar
ι
1. ( Can you pass
nn Un” uu y u u
1 h
””
?
。
No , I can ’ t drive. r
3.
“
*ι “‘’‘
Yes , there ’5 some In
5
m 6.
I don ’ t feel very well I don ’ t want to go to
~
What do you do?
4.
Do we have any milk?
“-
What did you do last night? a
I went to
7
Shall we walk home?
'"
8
Can you play ?
No , let ’5 take
9
|’ m interested
in
Yes. but not ve rv we ll. 10.
What ’5 the difference between those cars? ‘
““
1
‘. , ‘
-
Nothing , they ’ re
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 261
34
Write a/an or the if necessary. If a/an/the are not necessary. leave an empty space (-). t쁘_ best player on your team? I don ’ t watch 二__ TV very often. “ Is there 뜨__ bank near here?" “ Yes , at t쁘_ end of this block." I can ’ t ride horse sky is very clear tonigh t. Do you live here , or are you tourist? 매fhat did you have for lu nch? Who was first president of United States? “ What time is it?" “ I don ’ t know. I don ’ t have watch." I' m sorry , but I ’ ve forgotten your name. I can never remember names. What time is next train to Boston? Ka te never sends e-mails. She prefers to call people. ‘애lhere ’ s Sue?" “ She ’ s in backyard." Excuse me , I ’m looking for Maj estic Hote l. Is it near here? Gary was sick last week , so he didn ’ t go to work Everest is highest mountain in world. I usually listen to radio whi1e I ’ m having breakfast I like sports. My favorite sport is basketba1 1. Julia is docto r. Her husband is art teacher My apartment is on second floo r. Turn 1eft at top of stairs , and it ’s on right dinner , we watched T V. After 1’ ve been to northern Mexico but not to south.
1. Who is
2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 2 1. 22.
Units 104-109, 112
Prepositions 35
Write a preposition (in/for/by, etc.). Iι_
1. He1en is studying math
9ι
얘
262 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
1μ
맺 얘ιM (냐 〔아 J↓ ω μ야 뼈
였
빼뼈
댄
college. 2. What is the longest river Europe? 3. Is there anything TV tonight? 4. We arrived the hote1 after midnigh t. 5 “ Where ’ s Mike?" “ He ’ s vacation. ” bed. 6. Tom hasn't gotten up ye t. He ’ s still 7. Lisa is away. She ’ s been away Monday. April 15 8. The next meeting is 9. We trave1ed across Canada traln. m T’h ’ e3 m M my coffee. ‘ U4 g? n Ke M ----six months. He didn ’ t like it very much. n Xrq t m r the party? l n I 1Q m, t Pi this photo. M The train was very slow. It stopped every stat lO n 15. I 1ike this room. I like the pictures the walls 16. “ Did you paint that picture?" “ No , it was given to me a friend of mine." 17. I ’ m going away a few days. I ’ 11 be back Thursday. 18. Si1via has gone Ita1y. She ’ s Mi1an right now. 19. Emma quit schoo1 sixteen and got a job a bookstore.
Study Guide This guide will help you decide which units you need to study. Each sentence can be completed using one or more ofthe alternatives (A , B , C , et c. ).You have to decide which alternative (A , B , C , etc.) is right. SOMETIMES MORE THAN ONE ALTERNATIVE IS CORRECT If you don ’t know or if you are not sure which alternatives are correct , study the unit(s) in the list on the righ t. You will find the correct sentence in the unit. There is an Answer Key to this Study Guide on page 306.
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE
W에 ICH
AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5}
Present Can you close the window, please?
1.1
B 1’m cold
A 1 cold
C 1 have cold
1. 2 Tom
in politics.
B not interested
B She has wearing
m?·n
「빽 뼈
뼈빠
ιm
d
1.7
A Is working Paul D Is Paul working 1. 8
1t
C 1 not watching
“ Yes , he is."
today?"
B Is work Paul
C Is Paul work
Look , there ’ s Emily!
m
The earth
sleεp
1.1 1 We
A not watch E watch not
B sleep often
M
obO
E n
oeo
”、…
A often
m
@
C Where ’s she going?
뼈
1.1 0 We
뼈
--
E
@
e
빼
C
。{ι
B go
A going
B Where she go?
뻐
A Where she is going? D Where she going? 1. 9
M
C She is wearing
1. 6 You can turn off the television. A m M B 1’ m not watching
D
빼
t
ab m
Look , there ’ s Sarah. A She wearing D She ’s 、lVeanng
e
「/
KQ
h m
Vι
외
B H w D H m
t
띠 ι
빼뼈
1.4 These postcards are nice. A How much are they? C How much they are?
C
따
A Is at home your mother C Is your mother at home
mι π
N Sk S c m ” B D @ s VJm D A R yO U
?"
1. 3
C doesn ’ t interested
빼빼
A isn’ t interested D doesn ’t mterest
1. 5
D It has cold
C often sleeping
D are often sleep
television very often. B doesn ’ t watch
C don ’ t watch
D don’ t watching
STUDY GUIDE 2 63
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHIC에 AN5WER 15 RIGHτ 5TUDY UNIT(5)
1.1 4
뼈 뼈뼈빼 핑
雄 뺑
p
뼈
d0
W 「
앙
OU
、
M
때싸
A don ’ t have E hasn’ t got
DI ’m work.
C are you usually do
y
a headache
뼈
-m·
빼야
-
‘v
m l
o
ob •t
때 π
rL
뺑
M
ιr
rL
B E
· @ι 니 --내
B taking
A do you usually D do you usually do PM ; ’t : A I a% e ’h -
4-- %
C does mean this word
C I ’ m working. ( m D C nt
B 1 work.
빼
Tom A takes
뼈뼈뼈
n
P
Please be quiet.
1.1 6 What
’li
u
I don ’t understand this sentence. What A mean this word B means this word D does this word mean E this word means
A I working 1.1 5
”
% ’K
E
ιι
00 you work D 00 you working
Vι
A
1.1 3
ιm
on Sundays?" “ N 0 , not usually." B m W C Ooes you work
1.1 2
C She has
m
D She ’s got
any children.
B doesn’ t have
C no have
D haven’ t got
Past 2.1 The weather A is nice B was nice
last week. C were nice D nice late this morning?
2.2 Why
B did you
A you was 2.3
2 .4
Terry A work
B working
E were you
C works
D worked
E was work
to the movies three times last week. B went
A didn ’ t watch D don ’ t watch
C goes
?”
A happened the accident C does the accident happen E the accident happened
E was
B did happen the accident D did the accident happen at 11 :30 yesterday? d, O d‘ O
팽m 녕
B E
“ 1 don ’ t know. 1 didn ’ t see it. ”
뼈없 없뼈
2.7 What A were you doing D were you do
D got
television yesterday. B didn ’ t watched C wasn't watched E didn ’ t watching
“ How
264 STUDY GUIDE
D you were
in a bank from 2001 to 2008.
2.5 1
2.6
C was you
Caroline A go
E had nice
C you were doing
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHτ 5TUDY UNIT(5)
T 「J
m
mγ
-O
샤 l
m
Pι
C were waiting
피
B waited
π
A wa ItI ng E werε waited
D
’
얘
I saw Lucy and Steve this morning. They
따
D was nngmg
C rang
없
2.9
B ring
E
η
A ringing
따
2.8 ]ack was reading a book when the phone
,
mtr
in a factory. Now he works in a supermarket.
2.10 Dave
A working E used to work
B works
C work
D use to work
Present perfect 3.1
“ Where ’s Rebecca?"
B She has gone
A She is gone E She ’s gone 3.2
1
B I seen
B ha s never traveled E have never traveled
C I ’ ve saw
D I ’ve seen
married? "
C is never traveled
“ Yes , C I know
3.7 Richard has been in Canada B since six months A for six months D in six nl.onths
We A don ’ t take E didn ’t took
3 .1 0 Where A you werε E were you
4d
’M
nF
rl
-/• m L
”
C six months ago
‘애1hen
did Tom leave?" “ B Since ten minutes A For ten minutes D In ten minutes
&
、i
BI ’ ve known
D I
D are you
맹뱅
“ Do you know Lisa?"
“ Since 1998."
C has you been
B you have been
whεre.
E I’ ve seemg
μm뻐
“ How long A you are E have you been
A I knew
3.9
C haven’ t already arrived
that woman before , but I can't remember
A 1 see
3.8
"
by plane. 셔잉
hU
3.4
3.6
D She have gone
야 μ
Vvι
R % ri U R % vL ’ b
Jα 뼈 뼈
야 U
*」
뻐
앉
MV/ s
A ’n % D ‘h %
3.5
C She goes
“ Are Diane and Paul here?" “ No , they A don't arrive yet B have already arrived G n D ·h 따
끼j
3
to bed."
“
”
C Ten minutes ago
a vacation last yea r. B haven ’t taken
C hasn ’ t taken
D didn’ t take
on Sunday afternoon? I couldn’ t find you B you have been
C was you
D have you been
STUDY GUIDE 265
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
This house A is built
C
B is building
4.2
We A didn ’ t lnvlte D wasn't invited
4.3
“ Where
D was built
E built
to the party last week. B didn’ t invited C weren ’t invited E haven’ t been invited
“ In Cairo." C was you D are you born?"
빽 빽
B you were
A you are
빽뼈
B E
ηU ‘
qa
뼈
때
M 니뼈
4 .4 1\t1. y car is at the garage. It A D
mγ m 염
mm
없
4.1
짧빼
Passive
E were you
C have been repaired
R
4.5 1 can’ t find my keys. 1 think A they ’ve been stolen B they are stolen D they ’ re being stolen
C they ’ve stolen
Verb forms 5.1 It
,
B wasn’ t ram
A wasn’ t rained 5.2
50 Wε didn’ tnεed
Somebody
C didn’ t rammg
this window. C has breaked
B has broken
A has broke
an umbrella. D wasn’t raining D has break
Future 6 .1
B A
’h
-
tomorr。、lÝ.
D is play
-νι
mt
뺑씨
C plays κ1
W「
A AR ym g E DO m g
B play
뺑뺑
6.2
tennls
Andrew A is playing
%r
C Do you go
6.3 “ What time is the concert tonight?" “ It A is start B is starting C starts 6 .4
What
6.6
Pi
없
B
삐
A
l VJ
려
5
뼈繼
/0
μM
A arε you weanng D you are going to wear
D Go you at 7:30."
D start
to the wedding next week? B are you going to wear
E startlng C do you wear
her driver ’s test. C wiU be pass D will passing
to the movies on Saturday. Do you want to come with us?
B We ’ 11 go
A Wego
6.7 “ A 1 call
C We ’ re gomg
D We wi11 going
you tomorrow, OK?" “ OK , bye." B 1 calling C I'm calling D 1’ 11 call
6.9
It ’s a nice day. A Do we go E Gowe
266 STUDY GUIDE
B Shall we go
for a walk? C Should we go
D
mu M
D Wego
?L
Lu
뱅
6.8 There ’s a good program on TV tonight. A 1 watch B 1’ 11 watch C 1’ m going to watch
k
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5) Modals, imperative, etc. to the movies tonight , but 1’ m not sure.
7.1 AI ’ 11 go
B 1’ m g0 1l1 g here ?"
7.2 “ A Can 1 sit 7.3
C 1 may go
B Do 1 sit
D 1 might go
“ S ure
C May 1 sit
D Can 1 to sit
1’m having a party next week , but Paul and Rachel
A can’ t conle
B can ’ t to come
C can’ t com 1l1 g
7.4 Before Maria came to the United States , she much English. B can't D couldn’t A can C not
7.5
매Te
B had to
C must
tired. mr
B ought to
C ought
B you have to
αle
C have you to
B hadn’ t to
「
“
뱅
α
q
C didn ’ t
n’ •‘ l
B You like
to
D didn ’ t had to
D Do you like
home. CI ’ d rather to stay
. Stay here with me.
gO 1dJ
B you no go
m o σb
t ,S
havε
C Would you like
D you don ’ t go
C go not
ι
1
、/
m u[
Lμ
νu
「/
A
댔 Lω
「/
n
D do you have to
“ No , thank you."
some coffee?"
7.1 1 1 don ’ t really want to go out. A 1 rather stay B 1’ d rather stay DI ’ d prefer to stay A
E h
nm
wait very long for the bus - it came in a few minutes.
A don't have to E mustn ’t
mn
n
go to the dentist tomorrow?
A A g v ou l /
n
D
E must to be
뼈
It ’ s a good movie. You
A you must
m
D can be
않
C must be
7.8 What time
/
E must have
D must to
빼빼
B can
A should to
7.9
E doesn ’t
You worked 10 hours today. You A must
7.7
understand
walk home last night. There were no buses.
A have to 7.6
D couldn’ t come
out. B Let ’s go
C Let ’s going
D We go
There and it 8 .1
Excuse me , A has there
a hotel near here? B is there
C
thεre lS
D is it
a lot of accidents on this road. It ’s very dangerous.
8.2
C There have
빼
ι
C it wasn’ t
ιω
E There are mf o % ’t D jme E n V
8.3 1 was hungry when 1 got home , but A there wasn't B there weren ’t
D They are
빠밟
B It has
A Have
two miles from our house to downtown.
8 .4 A It ’s
B It has
C There is
D There are
true that you ’ re moving to DaIIas?
8.5 A Is there
B Is it
C Is
D Are you
STUDY GUIDE 267
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHτ 5TUDY UNIT(5) Auxiliary verbs 9 .1
1 have n ’t seen th e m ovie , but my sist er A does
9.2
C has seen
B is
E hasn’t
D has
1 don ’ t 1i ke ho t wea ther , but Sue B doesn ’t
A does
9.3 “ Nicole got m arri ed las t week." A G ot she
? R ea lly?"
“
D She has
C She did
B She got
E likes
D does like
C do
9 .4 You have n ’t m et my m oth er, A have n't you E you have n ’t
?
C did yo u
B have you
D yo u have
9. 5 Bill doesn ’t w atch T V H e doesn’t read newspapers, A too
C neither
B either
9.6 “ I ’ d 1i ke to go to Au stralia. " A So do 1 E So 1 would
D never "
“
C So wo uld 1
B So am 1
D N either do 1
much on weekends.
9.7 Sue A don ’t
•
C do n ’ t do
B doesn’ t
D doesn ’ t do
Questions 10 .1
“ When
?"
A did the teleph one invent C w as invented the telepho ne E the telepho ne was invented 10.2 “ 1 broke my finger las t week." A did yo u
D did yo u do
C yo u don ’ t ca ll
B yo u not call
10 .4 “ Wh o
in this house?"
D you didn ’t call
“ 1 don ’ t know- ”
C does lives
B does live
D living
w hen yo u told him the story?
10.5 What
C Paul sa id
B did Paul say
’h
s
u ’n‘ n m
1
「/ 1·
’h ’h
p
qQ
h
P」
B D
In - vN
”
떼
A 1n w hich hospital he is? C 찌까1i c h hospital he is in ?
“
D did Paul sa id
때따
“ To m ’ s father is in th e hospital."
빼뼈
10.6
that?"
m e last night? 1 was wa iting for yo u to ca ll
A didn ’ t yo u ca ll
A said Paul
“ H ow C yo u d id do
B yo u did
10.3 Why
A lives
“ l ’m no t sure. M ore than 100 yea rs ago." B has the telephone invented D was th e teleph one invented
m·?
10.7 Did you have a goo d vacation ? A H ow was the weather like? C What the w ea ther w as like?
B What w as the wea ther like? D W as the wea ther 1i ke?
taller -Joe o r Ga ry?
10.8 A Who is
B What is
C Which is
D Who has
10.9 T here are fo ur umbrellas here. A
찌T h a t
268 STUDY GUIDE
B Who
C Which
is yo urs? D H ow
E Which o ne
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
to cross the A t1 antic by ship?
10.10 How long B does it need
A is it
C does it take
10 .1 1 1 don ’t remember what A
Jεnny
D does it want at the party. C was J enny wear 111g
B was wearingJenny
was wearmg
10 .1 2 “ Do you know
‘
“ Yes , 1 think so.' ’
?”
C whether Jack is at home
B is Jack at home
A ifJack is at home D that Jack is at home
Reported speech 11. 1
IsawStevε
me , but he didn’ t.
a week ago. He said that
A he call E he would call
B he calls
D he ’ s going to call
C he ’ 11 call
11. 2 “ Why did Tim go to bed so early?"
“ He B sa id that hε was tired E told that he was tired
A said he was tired D told me he was tired
”
C sa id me he was tired
-;ng and to . . . 12 .1
so hard.
You shouldn ’ t
12.2
C to work
B work
A working It ’s !ate. 1
n 。、N.
C have to going
B have go
A must to go
to
ob
mT
gεttmg
C
a L
B
to
안
mf
mf
C getting up
따
ιω
B me lending
야
c
Jω
12.7
D to getting up mm m R Jm D m m’ k p ‘
뼈
12.6 Do you want A me lend
D to getting up
up
ea rly? oδ
t
B
D to selling ea rly.
s
야나
y
“
”때
A
m」 양
μ ”
R
띠
낀
3
C selling
B to sell
mf
D have to go
her ca r.
12.3 Tina has decided A sell 4 M mt A gt
D worked
He ’s very funny. He makes Amε
!augh
B me !aughing
C me to laugh
B for to get
A for get
D that 1 laugh
some fruit
12.8 Paula went to the store
D to
C for getting
gεt
E get
The water looks nice. 1’ m g0111g A for a swim
B on a swim
C to swimming
D
떼 鋼
Go, get, do , make, and have 13 .1
rll
13.2 I' m sorry your mother is sick. 1 hope she A has
B makes
C gets
the car and drove away.
13.3 Kate A went into
B
、、rent
in
13 .4 “ Sha11 1 open the window?" A do
D goes
B make
C get
C got in
D got into
“ No , it ’s OK. 1’ 11
u”
D open
STUDY GUIDE 269
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
13.5
I ’ m sorry, I
A did
a mistake.
B made
C got
13.6
D had
enough time to do everything you wanted? A Have you
B Had you
C Do you have
D Did you have
Pronouns and possessives 14 .1
I don ’t want this book. You can A it
B them
havε
C her
D him
14.2 Sue and Kevin are going to the movies. Do you want to go with A her
14.3
B they
C them
D him
I know Donna , but I don’t know A their
B his
C she
husband. D her
14 .4 Hawaii is famous for A his 14.5
beaches
C it ’s
B its
D their
I didn’ t have an umbrella , so Helen gave me A her
B hers
C her umbrella
•
D she ’s
14.6 I went to the movies with a friend of
C me
B my
A mine
•
E myself
DI
14.7 We had a good vacation. We enjoyed A us
14.8 Kate and
B our Helεn
C ours
E ourselves
D ourself
are good friends. They know
A each other
B them
wel l.
C themselves
14.9 Have you met
D theirselves
?
A the wife of M r. Black D M r. Bl ack ’s wife
B κ1 r. Black wife E the M r. Black ’s wife
C the wife M r. Black
p
14.10 Have you seen A the car of my parents D my parents car
B my parent ’ s car
C my parents ’ car
A and the 15.1
I ’ m going to buy A hat and umbrella C a hat and an umbrella
15.2
“ What do you do?"
A I dentist
15.3
“
”
BI ’ m a dentist
I'm going shopping. I
CI ’ m dentist
neεd
B a new jeans
B Theyare
15.5 We can’ t get into A some key
270 STUDY GUIDE
thε
C a new pair ofjeans
m
I like the people here. A She is
D 1 do dentist
C They is
house without
B a key
C key
crl
R t n
빼
A some new jeans D a new palr Jeans 15 .4
B a hat and a umbrella D an hat and an umbrella
y
E
Hp~ •
NQ
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
15.6 1’ d like
about hotels in Mexico City
was very lllce
15.7 We enjoyed our vacation. B A hotel
A Hotel
C an information
B some informations
A some information
C An hotel
D The hotel
15.8 The table is in
B middle of the room D the middle of room
A middle of room C the middle of the room
;
15.9 What did you have for
B breakfast
A the breakfast
C a breakfast
at 5:00 every day.
15 .1 0 1 finish A the work
B work
C a work
15 .1 1 I'm tired. 1’ mgomg A in bed B in the bed
C to a bed
15 .1 2 We don ’t eat A the meat
very often C a meat
B some meat
E to bed
D to the bed D meat
is in New York.
15.13 A The Times Square
B Times Square
15 .1 4 My friends are staying at A the Regent Hotel B Regent Hotel
Determiners and pronouns 16 .1
“ Oh ,
‘'J' m going on vacation next week."
A it ’s
B this is
C that ’s
16.2 “ Is there a bank near here?" the corner ”
B it
A some
nlce.
“ Yes , there ’s
C one
on
D a one P
16.3 This cup is dirty. Can 1 have B a clean one A clean one
C clean
D a clean clothes.
16 .4 1’ m going shopping. 1’m going to buy B some A any 16.5 “ Where ’s your luggage?" “ 1 don ’ t have A one B some C any 16.6 TraceyandJeff A have no children C don ’t have any children
B don ’ t have no children D have any children
16.7 “ How much money do you have?" A No
B No one
C Any
"
“
D None
in the room. It’ s empty.
16.8 There is A anybody
”
B nobody
16.9 ‘ 'What did you say?" A Nothing B Nobody
C anyone
D no one "
C Anything
D Anybody
STUDY GUIDE 271
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
mb mo R ’
빽빼
따
A E D E
여
16 .1 2
뼈빼
B all days
A all day
……
m
B
따
m
pm
빼따
I
I
Mυ
d
η
νm
n
J
빽뼈뼈
ιω
N I m
C something for eating
C every days
D every day
friends B Everybody needs
C Everyone need
childrεn
16 .1 3
like to play. C Most of
B The most
A Most 16 .1 4 1 like
D The most of
those pictures B both of
A both
C either
16 .1 5 1 haven ’ t read
D either of these books.
B neither of
C either
뼈
빼야
아
d 까
A neither % K DO vl[ m l A
B m
D either of
friends?
C many
D much of
E many of
16 .1 7 We like movies , so we go to the movies
B much
A a lot of 16 .1 8 There were A a little
B few
C many
D a lot
people in the theate r. It was almost empty. D a few of
C little
money, so
16.19 They have A a lit t1 e
C
B a few
fiεw
thεy ’re
D little
not poor
E little of
Adjectives and adverbs 17.1
1 don’ t speak any
B languages foreign
A foreign languages 17.2
He ate his dinner very A quick B quicker
17.3 You speak English very B fluent A good
C languages foreigns
C quickly
C well
D slow
17.4 Helen wants A a more big car 17.5 “ Do you
feεl
better today?"
B worse
A good
17.6 Athens is older B than A as 17.7 1 can run faster A than him
272 STUDY GUIDE
nr
Ju
iL
C more bad
B that he can
따
%
“ No , 1 feel
C that
… ι
D
C a car bigger
D a bigger car "
D more worse
Rome. D of C than he can
D as he can
socce r. 싫 잉
」
1
배 얘
17.8 Tennis isn ’ t A mr nr ?
B a car more big
B popular than E as popular as
C as popular than
E as he
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
17.9
yesterday
The weather today is the same A as
B that
D like
C than
m M
m
바빠
1TI
빽
A the more expensivε motel C the motel most expensive E the motel more expensive
me me
뼈
B D
town.
ι 핵띠
17.1 0 The Best West Motel is
m
17.1 1 The movie was very bad. 1 think it ’s the ever seen. A worse
movie 1’ ve
C most bad
B baddest
E more worse
D worst
17.12 Why don ’ t you buy a car? You ’ ve got A enough money 17.1 3
a conversation?
Is your English
B good enough for have
A enough good to have D good enough to have
17.1 4 1’m
C enough good for
out.
9ι
R
g
앙
a
R
때
(
a
‘
nm
cι때
e
in
t
빼뼈뼈
e
pι
M
빼때때
A C
때뼈
4 」
pm
없 뼈뼈
Word order
C too tired to go
B too much tired for going
A too tired for go D too much tired to go
%
C enough of money
B money enough
B reads a newspaper every day
coffee in the morning
18.2
B Always 1 drink
A 1 drink always
18.3
C 1 always drink
during the day. A They are at home never C Thεy never are at home
18 .4 “ Where ’ s Emma?"
B They are never at home D Never they are at home ”
“ She
B isn’thεre already
A isn ’ t here yet
C isn't here sti11
18.5 1 locked the door , and 1 gave A Sarah the keys
C the keys Sarah
B to Sarah the keys
D the keys to Sarah
Conjunctions and c1 auses 19 .1
1 can’ t talk to you now. 1’ 11 talk to you later when 1110rε t1111e D 1'111 going to have B 1 had C 1 have AI ’ II have late tonight , don ’t wait for 111e.
19.2
B I fI’ 11 be
A l fI’ n1
C When 1’111
D When 1’ 11 be the answer , 1’ d te11 you.
19.3 1 don’ t know the answe r. If 1 nU
*e
C have known
R
mu
따
B I
1hν
A I
--“
B would know
뼈
%4
뼈뼈
A know
it if it wasn ’ t C 1 bought
D knew SO
expensive-
D 1’ d bought
E
1’ d buy
STUDY GUIDE
273
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS
19.5 Emma lives in a house A who
19.6
19.7
STUDY UNIT(S)
is 100 years old.
C which
B that
D it
The people
A who
RIGHτ
work in B that
C they
E what thε
office are very friendly.
D which
E what
Did you find the books A who you wanted
C what you wanted
B that you wanted E you wanted it
D you wanted
19.8 1 met A a woman who
can speak six languages
C a woman
B a woman which
D a woman she
Prepositions 20 .1
Bye! See you
A Friday 20.2
20 .1 2
two hours
D during to work.
C to go
B go mn m B m
c
D going the top of the page.
‘
m
D to
C in
B on
those trees D to
What ’s the largest city
C in
B on
the world? D of
The office is B on
the second floor
C in
D to
1 met a lot of people
A on 20 .1 1
E Since
There are a lot of apples
A at 20 .1 0
C since
B for
Vι
따
A
ρι
ww
A at 20.9
D Till
1 always have breakfast before
A at 20.8
Monday. ’,
We played basketball yesterday. We played
α
mω
20.7
E in
“
C Until
B To
A 1 go /o
D after
“ How long will you be away?"
A in 20.::'
five minutes.
C from
B on
A On 20 .4
D on Friday
Hurry! The train leaves
A at 20.3
C in Friday
B at Friday
B to
1 want to go A at B on
the party.
C in
D at
Mexico next
C in
D to
What time did you arrive A at
B on
C in
yεar
the hotel? D to
20 .1 3
“ Where is Oon in this picture?" “ Oon is A at front of B in the front of C in front of
20 .1 4
1 jumped A on B through
the wall into the garden
C across
D over
20 .1 5 Jane isn ’ t at work this week. She ’s
A on
274 STUDY GUIDE
B in
C for
Bob-” D in front from
D to
E above vacat lO n.
E at
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
20 .1 6 Do you like traveling
;
A with train E by train
C in train
B with the train
20 .1 7 1’m not very good A on
on train
telling stories
B with
o
C at
E for
in
goodbyε.
20 .1 8 Tom left without A say
o
B saying
o
C to say
that he said
tonigh t.
20 .1 9 1 have to call
B to my parents
A with my parents
C at my parents
o
my parents
20.20 “ Do you like eating in restaurants?" “ Sometimes. It depends the restaurant." A in
B at
C of
o
on
E over
Phrasal verbs 2 1. 1 A car stopped and a woman got A off B down C out
0
out of
2 1. 2 It was cold , so 1
B give them back
•t
c
ob
m
’ hu
0
때
2 1. 3 1 have Rachel ’s keys. 1 have to
A give back
C put the coat on
B put my coat on
μm
A put on my coat o put me the coat on
,“ u m
o
mε
give it back
STUDY GUIDE 275
Answer Key to Exercises UNIT
1
10. 1’ m / 1 a m inte reste d in politi cs. 0 ,. 1’ m not / 1 a m
1.1
3.2
3. 1t Isn ’ t / it ’ s not
UNIT
4. that ’s
2
2
2. 3. 4. 5.
6 . yo u aren ’ t / yo u ’ re n ot
1.2 6. are
3. is
7. is
4. are
8
‘
a re
’ m / am .. . is
5 ‘ ’ s /i s
f h c a
6. 7. 8. 9.
e
b i d
4
’ s /i s sw i111111ing
5
’ re / are st ay in g
6
’ s /i s t ak in g
7
’ r e / are building
8. '111/ a 111 leav ing
2.2 3. Is yo ur job interesting? 4 ‘ Are th e st ores o p en t oday?
1.3
’ s /i s coo kin g
3. ’ re / are st a ndin g
2.1
5. 1’ m not
’m / a m
6. She ’ s / She is sitting
not interested in p o litics.
2. th ey ’ re
2
5. T h ey ’ re / They a r e having
5. Where are yo u from?
3.3 3
’ s /i s sittin g o n the Ooor
4. She isn ’ t / She ’ s not r eading a book
2. I ’ m / 1 a111
6. Are yo u inte r es t e d in sports?
3 . H e’s / H e i s
7. Is th e post office n ear h e r e?
5. She isn ’ t / She ’s not playing th e pi a n o.
4. they ’ re / th ey are
8. Are yo ur c hildr e n at sc hoo l?
6. She ’ s / She is la u g hing
5 . It ’ s / It is
9. Why are yo u la t e?
7. She ’ s / She is wearing a hat .
6 . You ’ re / You a re
8. She isn ’ t / She ’ s not wntmg
2.3
7. She ’ s / She is
a le tt e r.
2. Whe re ’ s / Where is
5. What ’ s / Wh at is
1. My name is Robert ‘
6. 찌T h 。’ s / Who is
2 . I '111 fr0111 Bra zil
7. What co lo r a re
3. 1’m 25. 5. M y favorite co lors are black a nd white. 6. 1’ m interested in pl a nt s
1.5
5. It ’s r a mm g . 0 1' It isn't rainin g. / It ’ s n o t ra1nmg.
2. Are you Australian?
6. 1’ 111 stud y in g English
3. How old a r e yo u ? 4. Are you a t eac h er?
7. I ’ m li st e nin g t o 111u sic ‘ 0 1' I ’ m not Iist en ing to musi c .
5. Are yo u 111arried?
8. The sun is shinin g.
2
’ re / are cold
7 Where ’ s / Whe r e is she from?
3
’ s/is hot.
8. What ’ s / Wh at is h er name?
‘
0 1'
The sun isn ’ t shining.
6. Is yo ur wife a lawyer?
4. H e ’ s / He is afraid
O’y
m g [ m m
ea tm g
2.4
4. I '111 a coo k
m?
빠
Exarnple answe ,.s
m ‘a
Jω
4. How mu c h are
빠
1.4
3 I m m I m m 4 I m
뱅 재 앙 W
3t
3. How old are
씨때
8. H e r e ’s / H e re is
9. 1’ m wearing shoe s. 0 1' I ’ 111 n ot wearing sho es
10 . r’ m n o t r ead in g a newspape r.
9. How old is sh e?
5. They ’ re / They are hun gry.
2.5
6. She ’ s / She is angry
2. Y es , 1 a 111
1.6 2
’ s/ is windy t o d ay. 0 1' Isn ’ t / ’s n o t windy today
3 . hand s are co ld. 0 ,. hands a ren ’ t / are not co ld. 4. Brazil is a very bi g co untr y 5. Diamonds aren ’ t / are not c h eap 6 . Toronto isn ’ t / is n ot in the United States.
8. I ’ 111 / I am hun gry ‘ 0 1' not / I am not hun g r y. 9.
UNIT 4
I ’ 111
r’ m
/ 1 am a good sw i111111.er 0 1' 1’ 111 not / 1 a m not a good sW 1111me r.
276 ANSWER KEY 10 EXERCISES
‘
0 1'
3 . Ye s , Jt IS. 0 1' No , it ’ s n o t.
No , 1’ m not. No , 1t Isn ’t. /
4. Yes , they are . 0 1' No , th ey aren ’t. / No , they ’ re not 5. Ye s , 1t IS. 0 1' No , it ’ s n o t. 6. Ye s , 1 am. UNIT
0 ,.
No , 1t Isn ’t. /
4.1 2. Are yo u leaving now? 3. Is it rainin g? 4. Are yo u enjoy ing the mov ie? 5. Is th at clock working? 6. Are you waiting for a bus?
No , 1’ m not .
3
3.1 2 . ’ s /i s waiting 3 . ’ r e / are playing 4. He ’ s / H e is ly in g
4.2 2. is
“
.
go in g?
3. a re yo u ea tin g? 4. are yo u c r y ing? 5. a r e th ey looki n g at? 6. is h e lau g hing?
4.3
UNIT
3 . Are yo u li ste nin g to m e?
4. Whe re are yo ur 감 iend s going? 5. Are yo ur parents w at chin g telev isio n ? 6. What is J ess ica cooking? 7. Why a re yo u looking at m e? 8 . Is th e bu s co ming?
4.4 2. Yes , 1 a m.
3.
4. 5.
6.
or N o , 1’ m no t . Yes , 1 a m . or N o , I' m no t Yes , it is or N o , lt lsn ’ t. / N o , it ’ s no t Yes , 1 am. or No , 1’ m n o t Yes , 1 am . or N o , 1’ m n o t ‘
UNIT
5
5.1 2. think s
3. fli es 4. da nces
5. h as 6. fini shes
2 . li ve 3. She ea ts 4. H e pl ays
5. The y g o 6. He sleeps
2 . d oes n ’ t play th e pia no ve ry we l l.
3. d o n ’ t know m y phon e nu mb e r. 4. W e d o n ’t work ve r y h ard. 5. Mike do esn ’ t have a ca r 6. Yo u d o n ’ t do the sam e thin g eve ry d ay.
6.2 1. d oesn ’ t like classical mu sic. like (or 1 don ’ t like) 2. d o n ’ t like box ing likes b oxing . like (o r 1 don ’ t like) boxing. 3. Bill and Ro se like h orror movl es. Ca rol d o esn ’ t like h o rro r m OV les. 1 like (or 1 don ’ t like) horro r nlov les.
Exa mple a n S lνers : 2 . 1 never go to the th ea ter 3. 1 d o n ’ t rid e a bicy c1 e ve ry o ft e n.
5.3
4. 1 never eat in re staurants.
o p en cl oses teach es m ee t
7. co sts
8. co st 9. boil s 10 . like .. . likes
was hes
5.4 2 . 1 neve r go to the mov ies.
3. M artin a always work s h ard 4. C hildre n u su ally like choco lat e 5. Juli a always enjoys parties 6 . 1 ofte n fo rge t pe o ple ’ s na m es 7. Tim neve r wa tch es te lev isio n 8. W e usua lly h ave dinn er at 6 :30. 9. J e nn y a lways w e ars ni ce clothes
5.5 Example answers ; 2 . 1 som e times read in be d . 3. 1 often ge t up b efor e 7: 00 4. 1 neve r go to w ork by bu s.
5. 1 always drink coffe e in th e m o rnin g
7. D oes Paul often trave l o n bu siness? / D oes he o ft e n trav el o n bu siness?
6.1
6.3
5.2
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
6
5. 1 travel by trai n a lot
6.4 2. doesn ’ t use
3 . d o n ’ t go 4 ‘ does n ’ t w e ar 5. d o n ’ t kn o w 6. does n ’ t cos t 7. d o n ’ t see
8. Do you wa nt to b e fa m o us? 9. D o es Ann a wo rk h ard ? I D oes she w o rk hard ?
7.2 3. 4. 5. 6.
UNIT 7
7.1 2. D o ... pl ay tenni s? 3. D oes . .. live n ear here;> 4. D o To m 's friend s play tenni s? / D o th ey pl ay tenni s?
5. D oes yo ur brother spea k E ng lish ? / Do es he sp ea k Eng li sh ? 6. D o yo u do yo ga eve ry m o rnin g?
What do yo u w ant fo r dinner ? D o you like foo tb a ll? Doe s your bro th er like football ?
7. What d o yo u d o in yO llr frε e time? 8 . Where d oes yo ur siste r wo rk ?
9. 10. 11 ‘ 12.
D o you eve r go to the m o vi es? What do es thi s w o rd m ea n ? Does it often sn ow h e re ? What tim e d o yO ll usu ally go to b ed ?
13. H o w mu ch d oes it cost to ca ll M ex ico? 14. What do you u su all y h ave fo r breakfas t ?
7.3 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Do you enjoy I D o yo u like do yOll start Do you work d o you ge t d oes h e do d oes h e t eac h D oes h e enjoy / D oes h e like
7.4 2 . Yes , 1 do . or No , 1 d o n ’ t 3. Yes , 1 d o . or N o , 1 d o n' t. 4. Yes , it do es. or N o , it doε s n ’ t.
6.5 3. d o n ’ t know 4. doesn ’ t talk 5. d rink s 6. do n ’ t b elieve 7. li ke 8 . doesn ’ t ea t
How ofte n d o yO ll w atch TV?
5 . Yes , 1 do.
UNIT
or N o , 1 d o n ’ t.
8
8.1 2. N o , she isn' t. Yes , sh e do es . She ’ s playing the pi ano 3. Yes , h e d oes Yes , h e is H e ’ s washing a wind o w. 4. No , they aren ’t. Yes , th ey d o. The y te ac h.
8.2 2. 3. 4. 5
don ’ t are do es ’slis . . . d o n ’ t
6. d o
7. does 8 . d oe sn ’ t
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 277
6. 7. 8. 9.
5. got 6. have 7. doesn ’ t
10.
11. 12. 13. 14.
do you read you ’ re / you are sitting 1 don ’ t / 1 do not understand 1’ m / 1 am going ... Are you commg does your father finish 1’m not / 1 am not li ste ning He ’ s / He is cooking doesn ’ t usually drive usually walks doesn ’ t like ... She prefers
UNIT 9 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
9.2 2 3. 4.
UNIT 10
He has a new job They don ’ t have much money. Do you have an umbrella? We have a lot of work to do. 1 don ’ t have your phone numbe r. 8. Does your father have a car? 9. How much money do we have?
278 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
4. bought two newspapers 5. went to the movies.
is . .. was ’ m / am was were ’ re/are Was was were are ‘
6. ate an orange 7. took a showe r. 8. came (to see us) ‘, 1 Fj l
rFL
‘
2. Was your exam difficult? 3. Where were Sue and Chris last week? 4. How much was your new camera? 5. Why were you angry yesterday? 6 . Was the weather nice last week?
UNIT 11 11.1 ‘
opened started . wanted happened
or
4 l 5 I 6 I
m mw % mf l m i- V / m m n m hJm
n3
me ‘
a Lmt
my
LK
[
rr
--eR 1K
yS
UNIT 12 12.1
10.4
2. 3 4. 5.
2 I 3 I l
.
10.3 2 . wasn ’ t ... was 3. was . .. were 4. Were ... wa s . wasn ’ t. wasn ’t. .. was. 5. were 6. weren ’ t ... were
”
뼈때 때뼈
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
2. lost her keys 3. met her friends
때샤 (
9.3
11.4
10.2 2. 3 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9.
9. checked 10. had 11. waited 12. departed 13. arrivεd 14. took
빠삐
has a compute r. He hasn't got a dog. or He doesn ’ t have a dog. He hasn’ t got a cell phone. or Hε doesn ’ t have a cell phone He ’ s got a watch. or He has a watch. He ’ s got two brothers and a siste r. or He ha s two brothers and a siste r. 1’ ve got a compute r. / 1 have a compute r. or 1 haven ’ t got a compute r. / 1 don ’ t have a computer 1’ ve got a dog. / 1 have a dog or 1 haven ’ t got a dog. / 1 don ’ t have a dog 1’ ve got a bike. / 1 have a bike. or 1 haven ’ t got a bi ke. / 1 don ’ t have a bike (Example answer) 1’ ve got a brother and a siste r.
11.3 2. got 3. had 4. left 5. drove 6. got 7. parked 8. walked
η
10.
6. has six legs. 7. don ’ t have much time.
。
9.
3. have four wheels 4. has a lot of friends. 5. don ’ t have a key.
thought copied knew put 12. spoke
미 따 」ω
8.
9.5
8. 9. 10. 1 1.
played paid visited bought went
뼈씨샤 띠씨
7.
or
n ””
때떼 f
6.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
3 「
5.
’ s got a compute r.
d,
2. saw
2. were at the movies 3. was at the station 4. M r. and Mrs. Hall were in / at a restaurant. 5. Ben was at the beach 6. (Examp le ans ψer) 1 was at work
he ’ s got they ’ ve got she hasn ’ t got it ’s got 1 haven ’ t got
QU
…
11.2
10.1
9.1
e
」이
3. has 4. don 't
빼
4. ’s /i s singing 5. She wants
mj
」이
9.4
c
「/
8.3
/0
‘
ended
2 . didn ’ t work 3. didn ’ t go
4. didn ’ t have 5. didn ’ t do
12.2 2. 3. 4. 5.
Did Did Did Did
you you you you
enjoy the party? have a nice vacation? finish work early? sleep welllast night?
12.3 2. got up before 7:00 . or didn ’ t get up before 7:00. 3. 1 took a showe r. or 1 didn ’ t take a shower 4. 1 bought a magazine. or 1 didn ’ t buy a magazine.
5. 1 ate m ea t. or 1 d idn ’ t ea t m ea t. 6. 1 we nt to bed before 10:30. or 1 didn ’ t go to bed befo re
10:30 12.4
UNIT 16
14.1
16.1
1‘ h app ened ... w as p aintin g fell 2. arri ved ... got ... we re wa Jtll1 g
y
뱅
”M
J ω
rm
〕
6. Did yo u go to b ed late 7. Did yo u have a nice time 8. d id it happen / did that happen
따 없
3 . was wa lking ... n1. et
3. D id yo u w in 4. did yo u go 5. did it cost
뼈때
없
2. did yo u ge t to wo rk
UNIT 14
14.2 2. was stud ying 3 . did the m ail arrive .. ca m e . .. was hav in g didn ’ t go we re yo u driv ing wa sn ’ t dri ving stopp ed Did yo ur team win didn ’ t play did yo u brea k . .. w ere pl ay ing . .. hit ... broke “
UNIT 13
13.1 2. we re at th e s up ε rm a rk e t. we re buy ing foo d .
3. was in hi s ca r. H e wa s dri v in g. 4. T racey was at th e statio n. She was wa iting for a train 5. Mr ‘ and Mrs. Ha lI were in th e park . T h ey we re w alking. 6. (Exa mple answer) 1 w as at a café . 1 was h av ing coffee w ith so me fri en d s.
13.2 2. was pl ay in g tennis. 3. she was rea din g alt he n ews 얘 pap야 e r.
8. Did yo u se e .. . was wea rin g 9. we re yo u doing
10. lost ... did you ge t cl imbed UNIT 15
15.1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
2. Wh at we re yo u doing 3 낸!as it raining 4. W hy was Su e dr iving 5. W as T im wea rin g
13.4
5. H e wasn' t ca rr ying an umbrell a. 6. H e was n ’ t going ho me 7. H e was wea rin g a h a t. 8. H e was n ’ t ridin g a bicycl e
15.3 3. used to have 4. u sed to b e 5. go / co mmute 6 . use d to ea t 7. wa tches 8 use d to live 9. ge t 10. did ... u se to pl ay
Oown in a w on a race? b een to Peru '
16.2 H elen 2 ’ s/ has b een to So uth Korea o nce 3. She ’ s / Sh e ha s neve r w on a ra ce . 4. She ’ s / She h as Oow n in a h elicopter a few times . YO /.l (example a n s ωeηj 5 ’ ve / have n ever b ee n to N ew York . 6 . 1’ ve / 1 have playe d tennis m any tJ m es . 7. 1’ ve / 1 have n eve r drive n a tru ck 8. [’ ve / [ ha ve b ee n late for w o rk a few times. ‘
16.3 2-6. ’ s/ h as done a lot of interesting
thin gs She ’ s / She h as trave led all over the w orld. or She ’ s / She h as b een all over th e world She ’ s / She h as bee n m arri ed three times. She ’ s / She h as w ritten 10 b ooks. She ’ s / She h as m et a Io t of interesting peo pl e
3.-6 . She u sed to go out thr ee o r fo 따 ni ghts a w eek. / Sh e u sed to go out a lot. Sh e u sed to play a mu sica l instrument. / She u se d to play th e guitar She u se d to read a lo t. / She u sed to li ke to read . She u se d to take two or thr ee trip s a yea r. / She u se d to travel a lo t.
lost yo ur
8 . H ave you ever dri ve n a bu s' 9. H ave yo u ever broken yo u r leg?
2. u se d to play
13.3
CO Il e.
4. H ave yo u eve r passp ort ? 5. H ave yo u eve r helicopt er? 6 ‘ Have you ever 7. H ave you ever
15.2
4 ‘ she w as coo kin g (l un ch ) . 5. she was having/eating breakfast. 6. she was clea nin g th e kit chen.
2. H e was ca rr y in g a ba g. 3. H e was n ’ t going to the denti st. 4. H e was eatin g an ice crea m
u se d to play Sh e use d to be Th ey used to li ve H e u sed to wea r glasses u se d to b e a h o tel.
3. you ever been to So uth Korea?
16.4 3. 4. 5. 6.
H ave you eve r w ritten She ’ s / She h as n ever m et the y ’ ve / th ey h ave read 1’ ve / 1 have n ever b ee n ‘ my brother h as been 7. She ’ s / Sh e h as seen ... [ ’ ve / r h ave neve r seen 8 . 1’ ve / r h ave trave led
‘
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 279
18.3
UNIT 17
3. for 20 years
17.1 3. ’ ve / have been 4. ’s/ has been 5 ’ ve / have lived been living 6. ’ s/ has worked been working 7. ’ s/ has had
or
’ ve / have
4. 20 years ago. 5. an hour ago 6. a few days ago.
20.1 2. ’ s/ has just gotten up. 3. ’ ve / have just bought a ca r. 4. has just started
7. for six months or
’ s/ has
8. ’ ve / have been srudying
17.2 2. have they been there I in Brazil? 3. have ... known herl Amy? 4. How long has she been studying Italian? 5. How long has he lived I been living in Seattle? 6. How long have you been a teacher? 7. How long has it been raining?
17.3 2. has lived in South Korea all her life. 3. have been on vacation since Sunday. 4. has been shining all day. 5. has been waiting for 10 minutes 6. has had a beard since he was 20.
8. for a long time
18.4 2. been here since Tuesday. 3. raining for an hou r.
4. known Sue since 2002 5. been married for six months 6. been studying medicine (at the university) for thrεe years. 7. played I been playing the piano since he was seven years old.
18.5 Example answers:
2. 1’ ve been to New York three tJ mes.
3. 1’ ve b een studying English for si x months. 4. 1’ ve known Chris for a long tJ me 5. 1’ ve had a headache since 1 got up this morning. UNIT 19 19.1 2 ’ s/ has closed the door
2. 1 know
4 ’ s/ has stopped raining
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
5. ’ s/ ha s taken a shower 6. picture has fallen down
빼쇄 때
1’ ve known have you been waiting works She has been reading have you lived 1’ ve had is ... He has been
6. for 7. for 8. for ... since
18.2
Example answers
2. A year ago 3. A few weeks ago. 4. Two hours ago. 5. Six months ago
20.2 2.
3 ’ ve / have gone to bed
17.4
4. since 5. Slnce
UNIT 20
19.2 2. 1’ ve I 1 have written them a letter ’ 3. She ’ s I She has broken her arm. 4. They ’ ve I They have moved to Seattle 5. 1’ ve I 1 have made a big mistake 6. 1’ ve I 1 have lost my wallet. Have you seen it anywhere? 7. Have you heard? Mark has gotten married 9. Brian took my bike again without asking 10. Did you tell your friends the good news? 11. We didn ’ t I did not pay the electric bil l.
’ ve / havε
3. ’ ve/ have already called him l Tom. 4. ’ s/ has already left I gone to work 5. ’ ve / have already read it. 6. ’ s/ has already started (it).
20.3 2. Have you told your father about the accident yet? 3. 1’ ve I 1 have just eaten a big dinner , so 1’ m not hungry 4. Jenny can watch TV because she ’ s I she has already done her homework 5. You can’ t go to bed - you haven ’ t brushed your teeth yet. 6. You can’ t talk to Pete because he ’ s I he has just gone home 7. Nicole has just gotten out of the hospital , so she can ’ t go to work 9. Themail carrier didn’ t come yet.
10. 1 just spoke to your sister 11. Did Mario buy a new computer yet? 12. Ted and Alice didn ’ t tell anyone they ’ re gettmg married yet 13. We already did our packing for our trip 14. 1 just swam a mile
20.4 2. Have ... met your new neighbors yet? 3. Have you paid your phone bill yet? 4. Has Tom / he sold his car yet? UNIT 21
21.1 2. started (it) 3. arrived 4. she went out 5. 1 wore it
21.2 3. 1 finished
4. OK
280 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
already seen
5. did you finish
6. OK 7. died 8. were you / did you go
21.3 3. played 4. did you go 5. Have you ever met 6. wasn ’ t / was not 7 ’s/ has visited 8. turned 9 . li ved 10. haven ’ t / have not been
10. My phone was stolen a few days ago.
-’-
l
2 n ’U 3 mS 4 ” ’b Q
k
’h
9. did
Has
10. have
did
24.4 2. 3. 4. 5.
was
6. ’ ve / have
Have
7. is
are
8. was
were
9. has
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
eaten
8. u nderstand
enjoying
9. listening
damaged
10. pronounced
use
11. open
gone
25.1
The houses are being torn down ‘
7. T h e trees have been cut down.
8. They have been invited to a party
23.3 3. has been repaired / was repaired
4. was repaired 5. are made 6. were they built
13. 1 wasn ’ t / was not woken up by the noise. 14. How were these windows broken? 15. Were you invited to Jon ’s party last week?
9 . were stolen
. .. where cars are rεpaired Where were you born? How many lang uages are spoken ... ? 7. . . ‘ but nothing was stolen 8. When was the bicycle invented?
was
The car has been damaged.
8. are they called
Why was the letter sent to ... ?
8. Has
UNIT 25
12. When was this bridge built?
Soccer is played in most .
were
is being repaired.
11. Three people were injured in the accident .
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
3. 4. 5. 6.
h as been broken.
7. Is the computer being u sed (or Is anybody using the computer)
22.2
7. were
24.5
23.2 3. 4. 5. 6.
2. Did
10. was damaged ... hasn't / has not been repaired
UNIT 24 24.1 3. are 4. Does 5. D 。 6 . Is
7. do
8. Is 9. does 10. Are
24.2 2. don ’ t 3 ’ m / am not 4. isn ’ t 5. don ’ t
3. said 4. brought 5. paid 6.
10. happened 11. heard
12. put 13. caught
e 매 oyed
7. bought
14. watched
8. sat
15. understood
9. left
25.2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
began ate drank drovε
spoke
뻐ιm[뼈 여 때 「떼
9. was painted last month
w -‘3
，잉
7. How is this word pronounced?
2. was born in São Paulo 3. parents were born in Rio de J aneiro. 4. was born in 5. My mother was born in .
뼈
5. This word isn ’ t / is not used very often. 6. Are we allowed to park here?
22.4
ι/
4. Stamps are sold in a post office.
9. was stolen ... was found
t/
3. is made from sand .
8. was made
，
22.1
24.3
are shown
뼈
UNIT 22
was given
「삐 이-따
3. ’s/ has had . .. was worked ... didn ’ t enJoy 4. ’ ve / have seen . . ’ ve / h ave never spoken ... Have you everspoken met
were damaged
뼈 뺑「빽
2. ’ s/has won Have yo u seen saw
7. ’ m / am not 8. ’ re not / aren ’ t
-
、νas
is made
7. were invited
-경
1. Did you have
3. 4. 5. 6.
6. doesn ’ t
깨”
21.4
22.3
m*
1m
m
… f
wrote
wntten
came
come
knew
known
took
taken
went
gone
12. gave 13. threw
glven
14. got
gotten
thrown
25.3 3. slept
10. built
4. saw
1 1. learned
5. rained 6 . lost .. . seen
12 . ridden 13. known
7. stolen
14. fell ... hurt
8. went
15. ran ... run
9. finished
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 281
25.4 2. told 3 . won 4. met
8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
5. woken up 6. swam 7. thought
27.3 2. is going to fall (down) 3. is going to turn (l eft). 4 ’ s /i s going to kick the ball.
spoken cost driven sold flew
UNIT 26 26.1 2. is going 3. is meeting Dave 4. Karen is having 5. Tom and Sue are going to a party.
‘
t[ m )
r
nu
‘‘
t
N
빼
h
O
n m t [ L@ / Lm t m ht ” h M )c k 1r R
‘‘
r
π
m t 1m”v t m
m?
30.2 2. might take a trip 3. 1 might see her on Monday. 4. 1 might have fish. 5. 1 might take a taxi 6. 1 might buy / get a new ca r. 30.3 3. might get up early 4. He isn't / He ’ s not working tomorro 、ν.
5. He might be at home tomorrow mor l1l ng 6. He might watch tεlevision 7. He ’ s going out in the afternoon. 8. He might go shopping
% AA
…… ”
ht L I 2 I6 ht k Ib hE t m
rι …때
?”
… 뱅
l
g
%@
뼈
%j
……이때
”
ω 」
5. 1’ 11 do 6 . 1’ 11 stay 7. 1’ 11 show
y
야 mε 따 1α
29.1 2. 1’ I1 send 3 . 1’ 11 eat 4. 1’ 11 sit
3 nM 4 h 5 h 6 M m 7 h
&
UNIT 29
m
ψ빽뺑m뺑때
282 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
28.5 2. are you doing 3. They ’ re leaving 4. willlend 5. 1’ m gOlllg 6. will call 7. He ’ s working 8. won ’ t take 9. are coming
2
ι 까 ‘
27.2 3 ’ m / am going to walk 4. ’ s /i s going to stay 5 ’ m / am going to eat 6 ’ re / are going to give 7 녕/i s going to lie down 8. Are ... going to watch 9. is ... going to do
28.4 3. think we ’ 11 win thε game. 4. 1 don ’ t think 1’ 11 be here tonlorrow 5. 1 think Sue willlike her presen t. 6. 1 don ’ t think they ’ 11 get married. 7. 1 don ’ t think you ’ lllike the movle.
8. c 9. f
띠
27.1 2 ’ m going to take a bath. , 3 m going to buy a ca r. , 4 re going to play socce r.
5. ’ ll / will 6 ’ ll / will 7. won ’ t
4. e 5 1
이
UNIT 27
28.3 2. ’ ll / will 3. won ’ t 4. won ’ t
6. a 7. h
fι
‘
26.4 3. Karen is getting 4. are going ... are they going 5. ends 6. 1’ m not gomg 7. I' m going .. ‘ We ’ re mee tI ng 8. are you getting ... leaves 9. does the movie begin 10. are you doing ... 1’ m working
28.2 Example answers ‘ 2. 1’ 11 b e at home 3. 1’ 11 probably be in bed. 4. 1’ 11 be at work. 5. 1 don ’ t know where 1’ 11 be.
29.4 2. g 3. b
9ι
μ
「
“
때
m oI m h{•L 5 I m n1 m Ug ‘ 6 I m g[ t o Jm m m o n nl Lm rS t
‘
aι
1
σs
”
M
5. she ’s 6 she was 7. she'll be
ω나
aV
m k mrL
28.1 2 . she ’ 11 be 3. she was 4. shε ’ llbε
뼈샤 M빽m 샤 앞뺑
h
UNIT 28
29.3 2. 1’ 11 do 3. 1 watch 4. 1’ 11 go 5. is going to buy 6. 1’ 11 give 7. Are you doing ... I' m going 8. 1’ m working 9. 1’ 11 buy
m 뺑「빵 ”-방사씨 뼈없↑뱅 π-j
”
」
3 I m ob( 4 I m Pl
M
ν빠 m 때」때(때
t1
η
”
빽빼 뼈m에 %μ
&
야
R3
tomorr 。、IV
4. 1 think 1’ 11 buy 5. 1 don ’ t think 1’ 11 buy
w-왜
26.2 2. Are you working next week? 3. What are you doing tomorrow night? 4. What time are your friends coming? 5. When is Liz going on vacation?
27.4 Example answers: 1. 1’ m going to call Maria tonight 2. 1’ m going to get up early tonlorrow 3. 1’ m going to buy somε shoes
29.2 2. think 1’ 11 have 3. 1 don ’ t think 1’ 11 play
m @
m
6.
l11
u st no t
5 . Ca n yo u dri ve (a car)?
7.
l11
u st
6 . Ca n yo u rid e (a h o rse)?
32.4
Example answers: 7. 1 ca n /c a n ’ t SW I l11. 8. 1 ca n /c a n ’ t ski 9. 1 ca n / ca n ’ t p lay ch εss 10. 1 ca n /c a n ’ t run 10
UNIT 34 34.1
2.
I11 USt
3.
l11
u st w ea r
4.
l11
11 st ge t
5.
l11
u st ta ke
2. hav e to tak e
kn o w
3 . ha s to rea d 4. have to sp ea k 5 . h as to travel 6 . h ave to hit
34.2
I-::3.' ~a~e
32.5 3. mu st
11. 1 ca n / ca n ’ t dri ve (a ca r).
12 . 1 ca n / ca n ’ t rid e (a h o rse).
I 4.
4 ‘ h ad to 5. l11 u stn ’'t
31.2 2 . ca n see
6.
3 . ca n ’ t h ea r
l11
u st
5. ca n sp ea k
w-월
--
4 . co uldn ’ t find
wγ
5 ca n ’ t go
6. co uldn ’ t go
•…
34.3 2 . d id h e h ave to wa it UM
m
31.4
3. Ca n / Co ul d yo u turn d ow n th e radi o (please)? 4 . Ca n / Co uld 1 h ave yo ur pho n e nu l11 b er (pl ease)?
UNIT 32 32.1 l11
11 st b e hun g r y
3‘
l11
uSt b e goo d
4. 11111 St b e ve r y h appy
5.
l11
ust b e fo r yO ll
6.
l11
ust b e in the kit ch en
2.
l11
6. d id they h ave to leave ea rly 7. d oes h e h av e to go to M oscow
34.4
4. d oes n ’ t h ave to wo rk (s 이 h ard.
4. H e sh o uldn ’ t dri ve so fas t.
5 . d o n 't h ave to leave n ow 6. didn ’ t h ave to tell m e so m e thin g 1 already kn ow
3. D o yo u think 1 sh o uld get an o ther job ? 4. Do yo u think 1 sh o uld invite Ga r y (to th e part y)?
34.5 Example answers 2. 1 have to go to wo rk ever y d ay. 3. 1 had to go to th e d e nti st yes terd ay
33.4 3 [ think yO ll sh o uld sell it . •
4
1 think sh e shollld tak e a trip l11
6
a rri ed
1 d o n ’ t think yo u sh o llld go to w o rk
7. 1 think h e should go to th e d oc to r 8. 1 d o n ’ t think we sh o uld stay th ere
32.2
d。
3. Sh e sh o uldn ’ t w o rk so
5 [ d o n ’ t think they sh o uld ge t
2.
5 . do yo u h ave to
3 . didn ’ t h ave to ge t up ea rl y.
2. 1 sh o uld learn (to dri ve)?
6. Ca n / Co uld 1 u se your p en (pl ease) ?
4. di d yO ll h ave to p ay
2. sh o uldn ’ t ea t so mu ch .
33.3
5 . Ca n / Co uld 1 loo k at yo ur n ews p ap e r ( pl e a sε)? or Ca n / Co uld 1 have a lo o k at yo ur n e w spap er (please)?
3. d oes sh e h ave to go
2 . d oesn ’ t h ave to wa i t.
33.2
2. Ca n / Co ul d yo u p ass th e sa lt (pl ease) ?
d~a nge
7. h ave to tak e
양빠 뼈때 U 뼈빼빼빼
3. ca n ’ t d ecide
ω
2 Y 3 Y 4 wrm 5 m 6 Y
에 ↓ 싸↓싸 ↓ 싸
ωω
2. co uldn ’ t ea t
””
h ave to
6. ha ve to wa ke
3-
8. h ad to
3-
4. ca n ’ t fi n d
to. go h ad to bu y
5. had to ans we r
7. mu stn ’'t
31.3
m m“
exe r Cl se
6 . mu st b e
kil o l11 e ters
빼
4 . Ca n yo u run 10 k ilome ters?
3. Ca n yo u pl ay ch ess?
d
싸 ↓
must l1Ot
’K I ‘
R
α
5
u
황
u st
l11
I
;
삐
I J
4.
2 . Ca n yo u ski ?
[
u st n o t
mk me ↓싸
31.1
l11
。。
3.
t C
띠
,
32.3
I
떼때삐 p
UNIT 31
A i
ust like
3 . mu st h ave
33.5
4.
l11
11 st drink
5.
l11
ust wo rk
Exa mple answers : 2. 1 think eve r yb o dy sh o uld h ave e n o u g h food . 3. 1 think p e ople sh o uld d ri ve 111 0 re care fully
4. 1 have to go sh o pping t0 l11 0 rrow . 5. 1 h ad to take t h e bu s to wo rk las t wee k 6. 1 h ad to go to b e d at 9 :00 w h en 1 was yo un ge r
UNIT 35 35.1 2. W Ollld yO ll like an appl e? 3 . W ould you like so m e coffee? / a cup o f coffee? 4. Would you like S0 l11 e ch eese? / a p iece o f cheese? 5. W o uld yO ll like a sa nd w ich ? 6. W o uld you like so m e ca ke? / a piece o f ca ke?
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 283
35.2 2 . W o uld yo u like to play tennis to m o rrow? 3. W o uld yo u like to co m e to a co n ce rt n ex t wee k? 4. W o uld yo u like to b orrow m y umbrella? 35.3 2. Do yo u li ke 3. W o uld yo u like 4. wo uld yo u like
5. W o uld yo u like
5. Don't si t
38.5 2. 1t ’s
6. H ave 7. D o n't fo rge t
3 . T h e re ’s
8. SIeep
4. T here ’ s . . . Is it
9. B e .. . Do n ’ t dr o p
5. Is t he re ... th ere ’s 6 . It ’s
37.2 2. 1εt ’ s take th e bu s 3.
1εt ’ s
7. Is there
w at ch T V
UNIT 39
4. le t ’ s go to a res taur ant
39.1 2 . The re was a ca rp et
5. let ’ s wait a littl e
3 . There we re three pictu res
7. wo uld yo u like
37.3 3. N o , let ’ s n o t go o ut. 4. N o , do n ’ t c1 0se th e wind ow.
5 . The re w ere
SO l11 e
fl owe rs
8 . W o uld yo u like
5. N o , don ’ t ca ll111e (to ni ght) .
6 . T h e re w ere
SO l11 e
books
Do yo u like 1’ d like
6 . N o , let ’ s n o t wa it fo r Andy. 7. No , do n 't turn o n the li g ht .
7. T here was an armchair 8 . The re w as a sofa
1’ d like d o yo u like
8. No , let ’ s n o t t ake a tax i.
6 . 1 like
9. 10 . 11. 12 .
39.2 3. T here w as 4. W as th ere
UNIT 38 UNIT 36 36.1 2 ’ d rather read
38.1 3. T he re ’ s I T he re is a hospital
4. There isn ’ t a sw i l11 min g p ool
3 . 1’ d rath er h ave
5. T h ere a re t wo 1110v ie th ea te rs
4. 1’ d rather w ait
6. Th ere isn ’ t a u nJ ve rsJt y.
,
M
t
S
I l
; n
1
--pm k
η
,
1
짜빼
m a
”
띠뱅 p
m
。
L
미
6
”
-t 、
4 5
M
때η
3
%
μ ω
5. wo uld yo u rather ca ll him
%m 2 &
없 때 뼈땅댔않
4. wo uld yo u rather wa tch
7. There a ren ’ t an y bi g ho tels.
째 매다 다 돼
36.2 2. wo uld yo u rath er have / ea t dinn er 3. wo uld yo u rather have / drink
m
38.3 2. T h ere ’ s I T he re is
3. to go
5. there we re n ’ t 6. T h ere was n't 7. W e re the re
8. T he re w asn' t 9. Th e re w as
10. there w eren ’ t 39.3 2. The re a re 3. T he re was 4. T he re ’ s I T h ere is
‘
36.3 2. take
4. T h ere was a sl11 all table
5. T h e re ’s b ee n I The re h as be en or T h ere w as 6 . the re w as 7. the re w ill b e
4. ge t / h avelfind
3 . is th ere
8. th ere we re .. . there are
5. ca rry / do 6 . see I call I talk to I sp ea k to ... to se nd I to w rit e
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
9. There h ave b ee n
36.4 2. 1’ d rathe r b e a journ ali st I a sc hool teac he r 3. 1’ d rath e r live in a bi g c it y I in a small tow n 4. 1’ d rath er h ave a sm all ho u se I a bi g ho us e. 5. 1’ d rath er study elec tr o ni cs I philosophy 6 . 1’ d rath er wa t ch a soccer ga m e I a m ov ie. π
-카
w
3 ’’
--- -j
띠
3 Do n -t 10 4 M n que [
284 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
There a re ar e ther e There isn ’ t Is the re Are th ere The re ’s I T he re is ... T he re aren ’ t
38.4 2.-6 . The re are eig ht plane ts in th e solar sys te m. The re are fi ve playe rs o n a bas ketb all tea l11 . There a re t we nt y-s ix le tt ers in the E n glish alphabe t. The re a re thirt y d ays in Septe l11 b e r. There a re fifty states in th e Unite d States
10. th ere will b e
or
th ere are
UNIT 40
40.1 2. It ’ s cold . 3 . It ’ s w ind y. 4. It ’ s sunny / clea r. ni ce d ay. 5. It ’ s sn o wlng . 6 . It ’ s c1 o udy. 40.2 2 . It ’ s I It is
3. Is it 4. is it . Jt’ s I it is 5. It ’ s I [t is 6 . Is it 7. I S Jt ‘
or
It ’ s a
41.6
8 . It ’ s / It is
2. Yes , 1 d o . 3. Yes , 1 d o.
9. It ’ s / It is
40.3 2. fa r is it fro m th e h o tel to th e b eac h ? 3. H o w fa r is it from N ew Yo rk to W as hin g to n ?
4. H ow far is it fro m your h o use
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
or N o , it isn't Yes , 1 am . or N o , I'm n o t. Yes , 1 do or N o , 1 d o n ’ t Yes , 1 w il l. or N o , 1 w o n ’ t Yes , 1 h ave or N o , 1 or N o , 1 didn ' t. or N o . 1 wasn ’ t
10. Yes , I was
3. It
UNIT
T h ere
42
2 . Yo u do?
It . .. th e re
5. 1 d o? 6 . Sh e did ?
3 . Yo u didn ’ t ?
IJ
빼
δ
o
4 It s e 5 It s u hf & [ 6 It s d
찌뼈
e
to
mn
O
m p m %
W
e
cs
ma
er
‘
빠
κ
“f
J q
M
mr
4 . She d oes n ’ t ?
pm
뼈
빠 짜빼때
mm
2 It s n m t o
뺑때 따
때
It
m
41
41.1 2 . is
5. w iJ l
3. ca n
6 . was
5 N e ither d o 1. or 1 d o. 6. So did 1. or 1 didn ’t. 7. N either h ave 1. or 1 h ave. 8. N e ith er do 1. or 1 do. 9. So am 1. or 1’ m n o t 10. N either was l. or 1 was. 1 1. N e ith er di d 1. or 1 did 12. So d o 1. or 1 d o n ’ t.
41.2 2 ’ m not 3 . we re n ’ t 4 . h ave n ’ t
5. isn ’ t 6 . h as n 't
42.2 8. Yo u are n ’ t ?
3. Yo u h ave? 4. Sh e ca n ’ t ? 5. Yo u w e re? 6 . Yo u didn ’ t? 7. There is?
9. Yo u d id ?
6. d oes 7. d o n ’ t
4. d o
8. didn ’ t
5. did
41.4 2 . 1 like sp o rt s , but m y sist er d oesn ’ t.
3 . 1 do n ’ t eat m ea t , but J enny does . 4. 1’ m Ame ri ca n , but m y hu sband isn ’ t. 5. I ha ve n ’ t b ee n to J ap an , but J enny h as.
41.5 2 . w asn ’ t
7. h as
3 . is 4. d oes 5. ca n ’ t 6 . d id
8. d o 9. h as n ’ t
10. w i Jl 11. mi g ht
6. Yo u sh o ul d n ’ t go
44.2
11. Yo u won't ? 12. It isn’ t ?
3. T h ey didn ’t und e rstand 4 . H e do es n ’ t li ve h ere. 5. Do n ’ t go awayl
5 ‘ do n ’ t yo u
3. w as n ’ t sh e 4. h aven ’ t yo u
6 . does n ’ t h e
7. wo n ’ t y ou
6 . 1 didn ’ t d o th e d ish es
44.3 2 . T h ey h ave n ’ t arrive d. 3 . 1 d idn ’ t go to th e ba nk.
42.4
4. H e d oes n ’ t sp ea k J ap an ese.
6 . d idn ’ t sh e 7. was it 8. d oes n ’ t sh e 9. w i Jl yo u
4. ca n ’ t yo u
5. d o yo u
5 . W e we re n ’ t ang r y 6. H e won't b e h appy 7. Do n 't ca Jl m e to ni g ht 8 . It didn ’ t rain yes te rd ay 9. 1 co uldn ’ t h ea r th e m
43
10. 1 do n ’ t b eli eve yo u.
2 . eith er
5. eithe r
3. too 4. too
6. eith e r
7. too
43.2
Exa mple answers:
3. 1 h ave n ’ t h ad dinne r
2. 1 d o n ’ t like ch eese
43.1
3. d oes n ’ t
2. T h eya ren ’ t / T h ey ’ re n o t m arri ed
10. Sh e d oes?
2 . are n ’ t th ey
UNIT
41.3
44
5. W e wo n ’ t b e Iate
2. are yo u 3 . isn ’ t she
4 . h as
1 d o n ’t.
4. It isn't cold to d ay.
42.3 UNIT
or
I am .
44.1
42.1
it
3 It s u
4. So d o 1
UNIT
4. It ... It
[
Yes , it is.
9. Yes , 1 did.
40.4
5. 6. 7. 8.
or N o , I d o n ’ t. or N 0 , 1 d o n ' t.
h ave n ’ t.
to th e airp o rt ?
or
3. N either am 1.
44.4 2
’m n o t / a m n o t
3. ca n 't 4 . d oesn ’ t 5. isn ’ t / ’ s n o t
2 So a m I 3. So h ave I
6. d o n ’ t . .. h ave n ’ t
4. So d o 1‘
8. di d n ’ t
5. So w ill 1.
9. h ave n ’ t
‘
7. Do n ’ t
6. So was 1
7. N either 8 . N eith er 9. N eit h er 10. N eit h er 11. N eith er
10
、No n ’t
ca n 1.
11
didn ’ t
did I
12 、'1 e r e n ’t 13. h asn ’t
h ave 1 am
1
14. sh o uldn ’ t
‘
do 1
44.5 43.3
3 . H e wasn’ t bo rn in Los An geles . 4 . H e d oesn ’ t like Los An ge les
1. So a m 1.
2 . So can 1.
or
I ca n ’ t
5. H e ’ d like to li ve som eplace else.
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 285
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
H e ca n dri ve. H e h as n't tr ave led ab roa d H e doe sn ’ t rea d th e newspape r. H e isn't interested in p o li t ics . H e u suall y wa tch es TV at ni gh t. 11. He didn ’ t wa tch T V last ni gh t. 12. H e w ent out las t ni ght ‘ UNIT 45
45.1 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
W ere yo u late thi s m o rnin g? H as K ate see n th at m ov ie? Will yo u b e h ere to m or row? [s Paul going out to ni ght ? D o yo u like yo ur job ? Does Nicole li ve nea r here? D id yo u enj oy th e m ov ie? D id yo u ha ve a good vaca ti o n ?
45.2 2 . Do yo u use ... a lo t ? 3. D id yo u u se it yes terday? 4. D o yo u enj oy dri v ing? 5. Are yo u a goo d dri ve r ? 6. H ave yo u ever had an acc ide nt?
45.3 3. What are th e children d oing? 4. H ow is c h eεse m ade? 5. ls yo ur sister co min g to th e part y? 6 . Why don ’ t yo u tell th e truth ? 7. H ave yo ur g uests arri ved ye t ? 8 . What time does yo ur pl an e leave? 9. Why didn ’ t J enny go to wo rk? 10 . W as yo ur ca r d am aged in th e acc ident?
45.4 3. 4. 5‘ 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11. 12.
are yo u reading? d id she go to b ed ? are th ey going (o n vaca tion)? d id yo u see hi l11 ? ca n ’ t yo u com e (to th e part y)? has sh e Inoved ? (m on ey) do yo u need ? doesn’ t she like yo u ? d oes it rain ? d id yo u do it ? I th e shopping? r-
W-j%m-%
pι
’h α
3 YNW
M
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콰
2 f
” J
rJ
r3
he F· to g
286 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
4 ‘ Who took yo ur u l11 brell a? I Who took it? 5. What m ade yo u sick? 6 . W h o ’ 5 I W ho is co ming?
46.2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12 .
Who did yo u ca ll? What h appene d las t ni ght ? Who kn ows th e answ er? Who did th e di shes? W h at d id J ane / she d o? W h at wo ke yo u up ? W h o saw th e acc id ent ? W h o d id yo u see? Who h as yo ur pe n I it ? Wh at does thi s wo rd I it m ea n ?
46.3 2. ca lled yo u ? di d she wa nt ? 3. Who d id yo u as k? What did he say? 4 . 재1 h o go t l11 arri ed ? Who told yo u ? 5. Who d id yo u m eet ? Wh at did sh e tell yo u ? 6. Who wo n ? Wh at did yo u d 。 (a ft ε r th e ga l11 e)? 7. Who gave yo u th e boo k? What did Ca th eri ne give you ? UNIT 47
47.1 2. are “ loo kin g fo r? 3 . Who d id yo u go to th e n1. ov ies WIth ? 4. What/ Who was th e 1110v ie ab out ? 5. Who did yo u give th e 1110 ney to? 6 . Who was th e book w ritten by?
47.2 2 . are th ey look in g at ? 3‘ 4. 5. 6.
is h e go in g to? are th ey talking ab out ? is sh e Ii sten in g to? are th ey wa itin g fo r?
47.3 2. Which ho tel d id . ‘ . stay at ? 3. Which tea l11 does he b elo n g to I pl ay fo r? 4 . Whi ch school did yo u go to?
47.4 2. What is th e foo d like? 3 Wh at are th e people like? 4 . What is th e wea th er like? ‘
47.5 2. What was th e 1110v ie like ? 3. Wh at w ere th e cl asses like? 4. 매T h a t was th e ho tellike ? UNIT 48
48.1 3. colo r is it? 4. What time did yo u 5 . What ty pe of l11 u sic do yo u like? 6 . Wh at k ind o f ca r do you w ant (to buy) ?
48.2 2 . Whi ch coa t 3. Which 1110v ielfil l11 4. Which bu s
48.3 3. 4. 5. 6.
Which What What Whi ch
7. 8. 9. 10.
Which Who What Which
48.4 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
H ow H ow H ow H ow H ow
fa r old often dee p lon g
48.5 2 . H ow h eavy is this box? 3. 4. 5. 6.
H ow old are yo u ? How mu ch did you sp end ? H ow oft en do yo u w atch TV? H ow fa r is it from N ew York t o Los Angeles ?
UNIT 49
49.1 2 . H ow lon g d oes it take to ge t fr om H o usto n to M ex ico C ity by ca r? 3 . H ow lo n g does it take to ge t fro m To kyo to Kyoto by train ? 4. H ow lo n g does it take to ge t fro m JFK Airp o rt to M anhattan by bu s?
49.2
50.4
4. (that) sh e didn ’ t want to go
2. iflw heth er they are marri ed?
5. (that) 1 co uld have it
2 . It takes . . . hours to f1 y from . .. to Australia
3. 00 yo u know iflw heth er Sue know s Bi ll?
6. (that) h e ’ d I he would se nd
3. lt ta kes ... years to beco m e a do ctor in ‘ . . 4. It takes ‘ . . to walk from my home to the neare st supermarket 5 ‘ It tak es ... to get from m y hou se to the nearest airport
4. 00 yo u know iflwhether Gary wi 11 be h ere tomorrow? 5. 00 you know iflwhether he pa sse d his exa m?
7. (that) h e ’ d I he h ad gone
Example al1 sUJers:
49.3 2 . How lon g did it take you to walk to th e station?
3. How lon g did it take him I Tom to paint the bathroom?
4. How long did it take you to learn to ski? 5 . How long did it take them to repair th e co mputer?
49.4 2. It too k u s 20 minut es to walk I get home 3. It took m e six months to lea rn to drive .
4. It took Mark / him three hour s to drive I get to Houston
5 . lt too k Li sa / her a long time to find I get ajob 6. lt too k me ... to UNIT
50
50.5 2. yo u know where Paula is? 3. 00 you know ifl wheth er sh e is I she ’ s working today? 4. 00 yo u know what time sh e starts work? 5. 00 yo u know iflwhether th e banks are open tomorrow? 6 . 00 you know where Sarah and Tim live?
7. 00 yo u know iflwhether they went to J a n e ’ s party?
50.6 Exa mple al1 sUJers 2. 00 you know what time the bu s lea ves? 3. Excuse 1ne , can you tell m e where the station is?
4. 1 don ’ t know what 1’ m gOlng to do tonigh t. 5. 00 yo u know ifthere ’ s a res tau rant near here? 6. 00 you know how much it cos ts to rent a car?
50.1 2 . where sh e / Sue is.
UNIT
3. 1 don ’ t know how old it is.
51.1
4. 1 don ’ t know when he ’ 11 I
51
She said (that) she wa s very busy.
?
Paul will be here. 5. 1 don ’ t know why he wa s angry
3 She sa id (that) she couldn ’ t go
6. 1 don ’ t know how long she I Oonna ha s lived here
4‘ H e sa id (that) he had to
50.2 2. where sh e / Susan works
3. what he / Peter sa id 4. why h e went home ea rl y 5. what time the meeting b egin s 6. how the accident happened
50.3 2. are you 3. th eya re 4. the mu se um is 5. do you want 6. elephants ea t 7. lt I S
‘
to th e party go out. 5. H e sa id (that) he was lea rnin g Russian.
6. She sa id (that) she didn ’ t feel very wel l. 7. They said (that) th ey ’ d I they
would be home late.
8. She sa id (that) she ’ d I sh e had ju st gotten back from vacat lO n. 9. She sa id (that) she was going to buy a new co mput er 10. They sa id (that) they didn ’ t ha ve a key
51.2 2. (that) she wasn ’ t hungry
me a po stca rd home
8. (that) he wanted to watch TV 9. (that) she was going to th e mov1es
51.3 3. sa id 4. told 5. tell 6. say UNIT
7. sa id 8. told 9. tell
10. say
52
52.1 3. call 4. call Paul
5. to ca ll Paul 6. to call Paul 7‘ ca ll Paul 8. to call Paul 9 . ca ll Paul 10 ‘ ca ll Paul
52.2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
get going watch
f1 ying li stening
8. ea t
9. wa lt1 ng
10. wear 11. doing ... sta y ing
52.3 4. to go
5 ra1n 6. to leave 7. help 8. studying 9. to go 10. wearing 11. to stay 12. taking 13 ‘ to have 14 . h ea r 15. go 16. listening 17. to make 18. to be ... tak e 19. u se
3. (that) he needed it
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 287
UNIT 53
54.2
53.1
2. me to turn left after the bridge.
2. for the movie to begin
3. him to go to the doctor 4. me to help he r. 5. him to come back in 10 mlnutes 6. me use hi s phone 7. her not to call before 8:00. 8. her to play the piano
4. for you to tell me
니 뼈
‘따
뼈
288 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
때
tonight 6. 1 want you to meet Sarah.
to for
on
νJ
I 55.4
54.1 2. you to listen carefu lly. 3. want you to be angry. 4. want me to wait for you? 5. 1 don ’ t want you to call m e
·”
2. 1 don ’ t have time to talk to you now. 3. 1 called Ann to tell her about the party 4 . 1’ m going out to do some shopping. 5. 1 borrowed so me money t。 buy a ca r.
to to for
m
Example answers:
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
닮-
π
read the newspaper open thi s door gεt some fresh air wake him up see who it was
55.3
2. 1 don ’ t like driving I to drive 3. Ifit ’s a nice day tomorrow, 1’ d like to have a picnic by the lake. 4. When 1’ m on vacation , 1 like to do I doing very littl e. 5. 1 don ’ t mind traveling alone , but 1 prefer to travel with somebody 6. 1 wouldn ’ t like to live in a big city
UNIT 54
。
1. 1 enjoy cooking.
。
ans.νeη;
。
Example
rl-
53.4
”u
/1m -o nn 6r
u
”n
w
56.2
55.2 to to to to to
.m
m
]]
to a coffee shop to meet a friend 1 went to the drugstore to get some medicine 1 went to the supermarket to buy some food
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
“
m o”n n U
55.1 2.-4.
going I to go to mu se ums to go writing I to write e-mails to go (there) traveling by train walking
η-1
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
‘
”
y
u])
”
UNIT 55
53.3
5 -(h {/ 6 ]
8 n 9 6]
7. borrow 8. to tell 9. to make / get 10. think
7. ralnlng 8. to go 9. watching I to watch 10. to wait
--
πμ
53.2 2. to help 3. to see 4. reading 5. to lose 6. to send
3 t 4 t
τ
54.3 2. to repeat 3. wait 4. to arrive 5. to get 6. go
3 . for it to arrive
바-%
3. to see 4. to swim 5. cleaning 6. to ask 7. visiting 8. going 9. to be 10. waiting 11. to do 12. to speak 13. to go 14. crying I to cry 15. to work . .. talking
55.5
7 to 8. to 9. for 10. for 11. to ... for ‘
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
went fishing goes swimming going skiing go shopping went jogging/running
56.3 2. to college 3. shopping 4 ‘ to bed 5. home 6. skiing 7. riding 8. for a walk 9. on vacation .. . to Hawaii
UNIT 57 57.1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
get your jacket get a doctor get another one getsthejob get some milk get a ti cket gets a good salary get a lot of rain 10. get a new computer
57.2 2. 3. 4. 5.
getting getting getting getting
dark married ready late
57.3
60.4
UNIT 59
2. get wet
3. got married 4. gets angry
59.1 3. He doesn’ t have / hasn't got
4 Gary had ‘
5. got lost
5. Do you have / Have you got 6. we didn ’ t hav e
6. get old
7. got better
57.4
정
π
빽뺑
때
-기
ηK 때 U
g
y
58.3 8. make 9. do
10. making 11. made
12. make . . . do
2. have something to eat 3. had a glass of water 4. had a bad dream 5. had an accident 6. have a baby UNIT 60
60.1 2. him
3. thεm 4. her
5. him 6. them 7. her
60.2 2. 1 ... them
3. he ... her
4 ‘ they ... us 5. we ... him 6. she .. . them 7. they ... me 8. she ... you
60.3 2. him 3. like it 4. you like it 5. don't like her 6. Do you like them
a
이
t O ’h a % ,?
리
r
59.4
2. ’ re / are doing (thεir) homework. 3 ’ s /i s doing the shopping or ’ s /i s shopping. 4. They ’ re / They are doing (their) laundry 5. She ’ s / She is making a phone cal l. 6. He ’ s / He is making the / his bed 7. She ’ s / She is doing/washing the dishes. 8. He ’s / He is making a (shopping) list 9. They ’ re / They are making a movle 10. He ’s / He is taking a picture / photograph
때 뼈
니
g0 mg
“
g
τ
n
u
u,
U--3
1d t mb) O
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11. doing
58.2
2. make 3. do 4. done 5. made 6. did 7. do
6 H% g H% a 7 A R yh φ
10. do
mp m
때
9. making
“ a n‘“ a n
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8. make
M
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7. done
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58.1
y
「
w
s
일 이페
58
him
8. them
them
9. me
they us
10. her 11 . them
it
12.he ... it
She
60.5 2. ittohim
3. 4. 5. 6.
give them
to
her
give it to me give it to them give th em to us
UNIT 61
61.1 2. her
야 버 야 벼 α
3 H 4 D
2. do 3. make 4. made 5. did 6. do
*ij
%3
4. got on
UNIT
야
띠
2. got off 3. got out of
야
댄
57.5
ω없
10:00.
a 이
home at 8:30 and got to the airport at
」미mμ
(Exa 따m떼e an s ψ !ver) 1 le 삼
Q
ι
4.
μ ”
got home at midnigh t.
Y πu η샤 f
2. got to New York at 12:00 3. 1 left the party at 11: 15 and
7‘ She doesn ’ t have / hasn ’ t got 8. Did you have %2 2 ’ s//n ’h m ” p u 3 ’ s// ” ’h ”“ f{ m 4 ’re n wf ’h 5 T’t mf , /// du U er ln 6 T‘t r, R /// R ?a n nm ]‘ r
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
3. our hands
4. his hands 5. their hands 6. your hands
61.2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
their our with her live with my lives with his parents. with your parents live with their parents
61.3 2. thεlr 3. hi s 4. his 5. her
6. their
7. her
8. their
61.4 2. his
8. her
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
9. their
Their our
10. my
her
11. 1ts
my
12. His ... his
your
61.5 2. my key 3. Her husband 4. your coat
5. their homework 6. his name 7. Our house
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 289
UNIT 62
62.1 2. mine 3. ours
6. yours 7. mine
4. hers
8. his
5 ‘ theirs
4. our 5. yours
6. us 8. their 9. mine
2. yours 3. my ... Mine 4. Yours ... mine
UNIT 64
5. her
64.1
6 ‘ My .. 7. their
‘
hers
8. Ours 3. friend of hεrs 4. friεnds of ours 5. friend of mine 6. friend of his 7. friends of yours
α!hose
camera
hers αThose
gloves are ’ re / are mine 4. αThose hat is this? It ’ s his.
5. Whose money is this? It ’ s yours 6. Whose books are these? They ’ re / They are ours UNIT 63
12. 13.
2. myself
6. himself
3. herself 4. themsel ves
7. yourself
14.
8. yourselves
2. was by hi msel f. 3. go out by yoursel f. 4. went to the movies by mysel f. 5. lives by hersel f.
2. her ... her name 3. know them ... can ’ t remember their 4. know you ... 1 can ’ t remember your name
63.2 him them at their with mε at my with her at her
6. to stay with you at your
63.3 2. hers 3. him mine 4. our ... us theirs ‘
4. They don ’ t know each other
her his
6 . your ... you ours 7. their ... them yours
290 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
5. Daniel ’s 6. Paul ’ s 7. grandmother 8. sister 9. Julia ’s 10. father 11.
Albert 。’s
9. an
7. a
66.2 2. a vegetable 3. a ga l11 e
7. a fruit
a present.
3. Pedro ’s 4. brothζr
6. an
‘
6. They gave each other presents /
65.1
8. an
6. a planet
5. They ’ re / They arε slttmg next to each other
UNIT 65
4. an
5. a
‘
2. see each other 3. call each other a lot.
5. us 6. ourselves
UNIT 66
4 a tool 5. a l11 0untain
64.3
64.4 3. each other
OK Si l11 0n ’ s phone number My brother ’ sjob OK OK Paula’ s favorite color your l11 0ther ’ s birthday My parents ’ house OK OK Sylvia ’ s party OK
66.1 2. a 3. a
64.2
4. yourselves
63.1
5. her
11.
6. live by themselves.
62.4
2. 3. 4. 5.
10.
5. myself
62.3
3.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
7. her
62.2
2.
65.3
63.4 2. them 3. him
8. a river 9. a flower
10. a musical instru l11 ent 66.3 2. a sales clerk
7. each other
3. an architect
8. each other 9. them
4. He ’ s a taxi drive r. 5. He ’ s an εlectrician.
10. themselves
6. She ’ s a photographe r. 7. She ’ s a nurse 8. a/ an .
66.4 2.-8. TO l11 never wears a ha t. 1 can ’ t ride a bicycle My brother is an artist. Rebecca works in an office. Jane wants to learn a foreign language Mike lives in an old house. Tonight 1’ m gomg to a party.
5. umbrell as
5. OK
6. addresses
6 . . . . an apple
69.4 2 . eyes
7. kni ves
7. ... a pa rt y .
3. h air
8 . sa nd w ich es
8
9. fa mili es
9
‘
‘
a wo nde r ful thin g
4. informati o n
.
an island
5. ch airs
10 . fee t
10 . . .. a key
6 . f urnitur e
11. ho lid ays
11. OK
7. job
12. p o tato es
12 ‘ • ‘ . a goo d id ea 13. . .. a ca r?
8 . wond erful wea the r
67.2 2. tee th
14 . . . . a cup ofcoffee?
70.1
15. O K
3 . peo ple 4. childre n
16 .
3 a
a coa t
‘
‘
4. the
5. fish
68.3 2. a pi ece of woo d
6 . leaves 67.3 3. . .. with a lo t ofb ea utiful trees . 4. . .. with two men
3. a glass of wa ter 4 . a bar o f soa p
5. ac up o ft ea
5. OK
6 . a pi ece of pap er
6 . . .. thr ee children
7. a b owl of so up 8. a loaf o fbr ea d
7 ‘ M os t o f m y friends are students 8 . H e put o n hi s pajamas
9. OK 10 . Do yo u kn ow m any people .. 11. 1 like yo ur pants. Where did yo u ge t them ? 12 ‘ . . . fu 11 of tourists 13. OK 14 ‘ These scissors aren ’ t 67.4 2. are
7. D o
3 . do n ’ t
8. are
4 wa tch 5. w ere
9. them 10. so m e
‘
6. live
UNIT 68 68.1 3 a pitc he r 4 . wa te r ‘
5. toot hp as te 6 . a to o thbru sh 7. an egg 8. m o ney 9. a wa ll e t 10. sa nd 11. a bu cke t 12. an e nve lo pe 68.2 3. ’ ‘ ’ a ha t. 4 . . . . aj ob '
UNIT 70
9. a j a r of ho ney
5. an 6 . th e ... th e 7. a ... a
8. a .. . a 9 . . . . a stud e nt ... a j o urn ali st .. an ap artme nt nea r the college The apartm e nt ‘
IS
10
UNIT 69 69.1 2 . a news pape r/ pap er , so m e f1 0we rs / a bunch o f f1 owe rs, and a pen 3 . 1 bo ug ht so m e stamp s, so m e pos tca rds , and so m e brea d / a loa f of brea d 4 . I bo ug ht so m e too thp as te / a t ub e of too thp as te , sO ll1 e soap / a bar of soa p , a nd a co mb 69.2 2. W o uld yo u like so n1. e coffee / a cup o f co ffee 3. W o uld yo u lik ε so n1. e coo ki es / a coo ki e 4. W o uld yo u lik ε sO ln ε brea d ? (or . .. a pi ece of bread? / a sl ice of brea d ?) 5. W o uld yo u like a sa nd wic h ? 6. W o uld yo u like sO ll1 e ca ke / a pi ece / slice of ca k e 69.3 2 . sO ll1 e ... sO ll1 e
3 . SO l11 e 4. a SO lne 5. an ... sO ll1 e ‘
6. 7. 8. 9.
a ... a
’
“
sO ll1 e sO ll1 e so m e ... a
sO l11 e
‘
t wo childre n , a boy a nd a gir l. The b oy is seve n yea rs old , and the girl is three i n a fac tor y ... does n ’ t h ave aj o b ...
70.2 ? the airport 3 . a c up 4 . a ni ce pi c ture 5. the di cti o n a ry
6. the f1 00 r 70.3 2. . .. se nd me a pos tca rd 3 . Wh at is the na ITle of 4
‘
a ve r y bi g co untr y
5. What is the larges t .. 6 . . .. the colo r of the ca rp e t. 7. .
‘
a h ead ac he .
8 . . . . an o ld ho u se nea r the statl o n . 9. . .. the nam e of the direc tor of the 1l1 0v ie . ‘
UNIT 71 71.1 3
the second f1 00 r
“
4 . . .. the moo n ? 5 the b es t hotel i n this tow n ? ‘
6. OK 7. . . . the foo tb all stadiu ll1 ? 8. . . . the end of 1\il ay 9. OK 10 . .. . the fir st tim e 1 l11 e t her
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 291
m
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71.2 2 . th e same tim e
3. the s amε age 4. the same color 5. the same problem
71.3 2. the guitar 3. breakfast 4. television / TV
5. the o cean 6 . the bottom 71.4 2 . the name 3. The sk y 4. television 5. The police 6. the capital 7. lunch 8. the l Tl iddle UNIT 72
72.1 2 . the mov ies 3 . the ho spital 4. the airport 5 . ho m e 6. j ail!prison
72.2 3. sc hool 4. the station 5. ho m e 6. be d 7. the pos t o ffi ce
72.3 2. the mo v ies 3. go to b ed
4. 5. 6. 7.
g o to jail!priso n go to the d enti st go to college go to the hos pital / are take n to the hospital
72.4 3. the doc to r 4. OK 5. OK 6. OK
7. the bank
8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12 . 13.
OK OK OK the sta ti o n OK the hospital
14 . OK
15. the th ea te r UNIT 73
73.1 E x ample answers:
UNIT 74
74.1 3. Swe d e n 4. The Amazo n
5. Asia 6. The P ac ific 7. The Rhin e 8 . K enya
9. The United States
10. The And es 11 . B a n gk o k 12 . The Alp s 13. The R ed Sea 14. Ja m aica 15 . The B ah am as 74.2 3. OK
2. 1 don ’ t like d ogs .
4. the Philippines
3. 4. 5. 6.
5. the so uth of Fran ce
1 h ate mu se ums. 1 love bi g c ities. T ennis is all ri g ht
1 love c h ocolate. 7. 1 d o n ’ t like co mput er ga m es. 8 . 1 h ate p arti es .
73.2 E x ample a n slν ers: 2. 1’ m no t interes ted in p o litics. 3. 1 kn ow a lo t abo ut sp o rts
4. 1 d o n ’ t k now mu ch ab o ut art . 5. 1 d o n ’ t know an y thin g ab o ut as tro no m y. 6. 1 know a little abo ut eco nomi cs.
73.3 3. fri e nds 4. pa rtie s 5. The st o res 6. the milk 7. milk 8. b as ketb all 9. co mput e rs 10 ‘ The wa ter 11. cold wa t er 12 . the sa lt 13. the peo ple 14. Veg etabl es 15 . The h o uses 16. the w o rd s 17. pictures 18. the pi c tures 19. English ... internatio n al bu siness
20. M o n ey ... h appin ess
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
the W as hin g to n M o nument
OK the Mu se um o f Art
OK B elg ium is sm a ll er th an the N e th erl and s
11. the Mississippi .. . the Nile 12. the N ati o n al Ga ll er y 13. the P ark H o tel nea r Central P ark 14. OK 15 . The R ocky M o untains are in N o rth Ameri ca. 16 . OK 17. the United Kin gdom 18. the wes t o f lreland 19. the Universit y o f Michigan 20 . The P anam a Ca n al joins the Atl anti c Oce an and the P ac ific Ocea n. UNIT 75
75.1 2. th at ho u se 3. th ese p os tca rd s 4. those birds 5. this seat 6. These di sh es
75.2 2 . Is th at yo ur umbrella? 3. Is thi s yo ur b oo k ? 4 . Are th ose yo ur b oo ks? 5. Is th at yo ur bi cycle / bike? 6 . Are th ese yo ur k eys? 7. Are th ose yo ur keys?
292 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
8. Is this your watch?
8. some
5. no difference
9. Are those yOllr glasses?
9. some
6. any fllrniture
10. Are these your gloves?
10. any ... any
7. no answer
11. some ... any
8. any air conditioning
that ’s
12. some
9. no line
This is
77.2
75.3 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
78.4
That ’s
2. some qllestions
that
3. any pictllres
this is
4. any ... langllages
That ’s
5. some friends
that ’s
6. some milk
ExampLe answers: 2. Three 3. Two cups. 4. None. 5. None.
7. any batteries UNIT 76 76.1 2. need one 3. 1’ m gomg to get one 4. 1 don ’ t have one 5. 1 jllSt had one 6. there ’ s one on First Avenue 76.2 2. a new one 3. a better one
4.
r don ’ t
5. There was no one at home.
have any
6. We found nothing.
5. 1 didn ’ t blly any
79.2
6. 1 bOllght some 7. 1 didn ’ t make any
n- 4
mn mn
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md
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6. We don ’ t have anything for dinner 79.3 3a. Nothing.
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5. She didn ’ t hear anything.
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4. 1 don ’ t have anyone to help nαe.
7?
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2
2. anybody on the bus
3. 1 don ’ t have anything to read
이
4. Which ones? The ones on the top shelf
4. There ’ s nothing on TV
3. 1 have some
ν
3. Which one? The one ... a/ the red doo r.
77.3
J 삐대 마 마
76.3 2. ones? green ones
3. have nothing to do.
마 따
6. a different one
79.1 2. nobody in the office.
10. any help
ιy
4. an old one 5. a big one
UNIT 79
8. sO I11.e ... alr 9. sO l11 e fruit
4a. Nobody. / No one.
m
5a. Nobody. / No one. 6a. Nothing.
5. Which one? The black one.
UNIT 78
7a. Nothing
6. Which one? The one on thε wal l.
78.1 2. no stores near here.
8a. Nobody. / No one. 3b. want anything
7. Which one? The tall one with long hai r. 8. Which ones? The yellow ones 9. Which one? The one ... a/ the mustache a nd gla sses. 10. Which ones? The ones 1 took at the party last week UNIT 77
77.1 2. sO l11 e 3 . any 4. any 5. any 6. some 7. any
3 . Carla has no free ti l11 e. 4. There is no light in th is room. 6. There isn ’ t any milk in the fridge 7. There aren ’ t any buses today. 8. TO I11 doesn ’ t have any brothers or slsters 78.2 2. any 3. any 4. no 5. any 6. n。
8. no 9. any
10. no 11. None 12. any
7. any 78.3 2. no
1l1
0ney
3. any qllestions 4. no friends
4b. didn ’ t meet anybody / anyone. or met nobody / no one. 5b. Nobody / No one knows 6b. 1 didn’ t buy a nything. bought nothing
or
1
7b. Nothing happened. 8b. Nobody / No one was late.
79.4 3. anything 4. Nobody / No one 5. Nothing 6. anything 7. anybody/ anyone 8. nothing 9. anything 10. anything 11. nobody / no one
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 293
12. anything
5. a11 day
13. Nothing
6. a11 day
14 . Nobody I No one anybody/ anyone
7. every day
UNIT 80 80.1 2. something
5. Every
9. every
4
5
6
e E
7
%
3b. 1 don ’ t want anything.
8
Fm
4b . 1’ m not looking for anybody I anyone. 80.3 3. anything
n/
”” 까 지
2b. going anywhere.
””
5. somebody/someone
5. has
6. something
6. was
3. nothing to do 4. anywhere to sit 5. something to drink
6. nowhere to park 7. something to read
8. somewhere to stay UNIT 81 81.1 2. Every day
rs V/ f
5. Neither
m
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6. both
11 ‘ Both 12. neithεr of
7. Either
13. Both
8. neither of
14. either of
83.2 2. Both windows 3. Neither man is ofthem is
or
or
6. Neither answer I Neither of the answers is
7. makes 8. Is ... Does
83.3 3. Both ofthem are
UNIT 82
4. Neither of them has
82.1 3. Some
5. Both of them live in Boston.
4 . Most of
6. Both of them like to cook.
5. most
7. Neither of them can play the piano.
6. any of 7. all
or
8. Both of them read the newspaper
all of
8. None of
9. Neither ofthenα is interested
9. any of
III
sports
10. Most 11. most of
UNIT 84
12. Some 13. A11
or
84.1
All of
2. many
14. some of
3. much
15 ‘ most of
4. many
82.2 2. A11 of them
5. many 6. much
3. Some of them.
8. many
9. 10 . 11. 12.
How many How much How much How many
7. much
4. None of them
4. Every room
6. None ofi t.
84.2 2. much time 3. many countries
82.3 3. Some people
3 . a11 day
4 . Some of the questions . . . Some questions
4. every day
5. OK
4. many people 5 01
‘
much luggage
6. many times 84.3 2 a lot of interesting things ‘
3. a lot of accidents
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
Neither
5. Both buses I Both of the buses go or ... are gOlllg
IS
6. A11 insects
294
or
4 . Both men have (got) Both of them have .
5 . Most of them
81.2 2. every day
m
rs
3. every time 5 . every word
m
9. Neither 10. either of
4. Neither
3. has 4. likes
80.4 2. anything to eat
m
83.1 3. Both
81.5 2. is
4. anything
7. anybody/ anyone ... nobody I no one 8. anything 9. Nobody I No one 10. anybody / anyone 11. Nothing 12. anywhere 13. somewhere 14. anything 15. anybody / anyone
V /
7 대
2 % 3 E 4 %
UNIT 83
。ε
4a. Nobody. I No one.
8. a11
。ε
3a. Nothing.
4. a11
nηη
80.2 2a. Nowhere.
εvery
7.
p 뼈 υ뼈빼 ν빼뼈배뼈
4. somebody/ someone
6. a11
3. a11
없
3. somewhere
81.3 2. every
7. OK (or ... a11 of these books) 8. Most of t h e students . .. or Most students 9. OK 10. . .. most of the night
잉
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3
빼-願M
b
3 . yo u like classica l mu sic?
n-]
84.4 3 . a lo t of snow
86.1 2. like th at g ree n j ac ke t .
2
5. a lo t of t raffic
UNIT 86
w-뼈
4. a lo t of fun
4. OK
4. 1 h ad a wo nd erflll trip
4.
5. a lo t of m o ney
5. W e wen t to a ] apan ese res tau ra nt
5. hi g her
6. OK
7. OK 8. a lo t 84.5 3. plays te nni s a lo t . 4. doe sn ’ t u se hi s ca r mu ch . (or . a lo t .) ‘
5. H e d oes n ’ t go o ut mu ch (or . .. a lot .) 6. She travels a lo t.
UNIT 85 85.1 2 . a few
4 . ho t wate r
4. 1110 re m o dern
5. fr es h air 6 . sh arp knife
5. m o re imp o rt ant 6 . be tt er
7. d an ge ro us job
7. la rge r 8.
86.3 2. looks new
10. m o re crowd ed
4. loo k surpri sed
88.3 2 . h o tte r/ wa rm e r 3.
‘
5. a few fri ends
do n 't so und A ll1 eri ca n .
6. a few tim es 7. a few ch a irs 8 . a little fres h a ir 85.3 2. ve ry littl e coffee 3. ve ry littl e rain 4. ve ry few hotels 5 . very little t i ll1 e 6. Ve ry few p eo pl e 7. ve ry littl e wo rk
3. qui e tl y 4. an g ril y
3. a little
6. a littl e
4. little
7. littl e
85.5 2. . . . a lit tle lu ck 3 .. . . a few thin gs
4. OK 5. . .. a few q ues ti o l1S 6. . . . few p eo pl e 7. OK
I11 0 re
diffi clllt
or
88.4 3. tall er 4. h ard er I11 0 re
co mfo rt able
5. fas t
7. ni ce r 8. h eav ier
6. d an ge ro usly
9. m o re inte res ted 10 . wa rmer 11 ‘ be tte r
87.2 2. wo rk ha rd 3 . slee p we ll
12 ‘ bigge r 13. 1110 re b ea lltiflll
4. w in easil y 5 . T hin k ca refull y
14 . sh arp er 15 . 1l1 0 re polite
6 . kn ow her ve r y we ll
16 . wo rse
7. ex pl ain thin gs clea rl y/ we ll
UNIT 89 89.1 3 . ta ll er th an B en .
87.3 2. an g r y
8 q Lll et
4 wo rk earlie r th an
3. slowly
9. badl y
5
4. slow 5. ca reful 6 . h ard
10 ni ce (See Un it 86C.) 11. q ui ckl y
7. sud den ly 87.4 2. we ll 3. good 4. we ll
h a rd er
6. be tte r
8 . C0 111 e qui ckly 5. few
6.
5.
UNIT 87 87.1 2. badly
0 re ex p e nsive
5. fa rthe r
6. d oes n ’ t tas te good
4 ‘ a little Ru ssia n
1l1
4. wo rse
4 . do n ’ t fee l cold. 5. d o n ’ t loo k h eavy
3. A few d ays
0 re se ri o us
3. feel sick .
3
85.2 2 . a little milk
1l1
9. pretti er
86.4 2 . look new
5 ‘ a little 6. a few
dan ge rou s
3. h appie r
6. tas tes terr ible ‘
4 ‘ a few
I11 0 re
88.2 2 . stro n ge r
5. sll1 ell ni ce
3 ‘ a little
85.4 2 . A few
86.2 2 . dark clo uds 3. lo n g vaca ti o n
6.
0 re ex p e nsive
5. w ell
wo rk s h ard e r th a n Li z.
6 1110 re 1110ney th an Li z 7 ‘ b ett er dri ve r th an B en 8 1S nαo r e pat ie nt th an Li z. 9 is a b etter d ance r than Li z . I d ances be tte r th an Li z 10. is more i nt ellige nt than B e n
6. good ... goo d
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 295
11. speaks Spanish better than Ben. / speaks better Spanish than Ben. / ’ s Spanish is better than Ben’ s.
12. goes to the movies more than Liz. / more often than Liz
89.2 2. older than he r. / than she is.
3. harder than me. / than 1 do. 4. watch TV more than him. / than he does. 5 ’ re / are a better cook than me. / than 1 am . or cook better than me. / than 1 do. 6. know more people than us. / than we do 7. have more money than them. / than they do 8. run faster than me. / than 1 can. 9. ’ve / have been here longer than he r. / than she has 10. got up earlier than them. / than they did. 11. were more surprised than him. / than he was
5. more money than C but not as much as A. or ... but less (money) than A 6. harder than A but not as hard as B.
90.2 2. as big as mine. / as my room. 3. get up as early as you. / as you did 4. didn ’ t play as well as us. / as we did 5. haven ’ t been here as long as me. / as 1 have. 6. isn ’ t as nervous as he r. / as she is.
90.3
The Nile is the longest river in Africa. / in the world Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system
UNIT 92 92.1 2. enough chairs 3. enough paint 4. enough wind
92.2 2. isn ’ t big enough. 3. long enough. 4. isn ’ t strong enough
2. as 3. than
6. than
4. than 5. as
8. than
7. as
90.4
92.3 3. old enough 4. enough time 5. big enough 6. eat enough
2. on the same street as Laura.
7. enough space
3. at the same time as Andy.
8. tired enough
4. car is the same color as Laura ’ s.
9. practice enough 92.4
89.3 2. is much younger than his fathe r. 3. cost a little more than yours. / than your camera . or was a little more expensive than
4. much better today than yesterday. / than 1 did yesterday. / than 1 felt yesterday. 5. a little warmer today than yesterday. / than it was yesterday 6. is a much better volleyball player than me. / than 1 am. or is much better at volleyball than me. / than 1 am. or plays volleyball much better than me. / than 1 do. UNIT
Alaska is the largest state in the United States.
90
90.1 2. longer than ... as long as 3. heavier than ... not as heavy as B. 4. older than C . . . not as old as B.
UNIT 91 91.1 2. longer than the longes t. the shortest. 3. is younger than C. C is the oldest . B is the youngest. 4. D is more expensive than A. C is the most expensive A is the cheapest . 5. A is better than C. A is the best D is the worst.
91.2 2. the happiest day 3. the best movie 4. the most popular singer 5. the worst mistake 6. the prettiest city 7. the coldest day 8. the most boring person
91.3 2. is the highest mountain in the world
3.-6 Brazil is the largest country in South America.
296 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
2. sharp enough to cut 3. warm enough to go 4. enough bread to make 5. well enough to win 6. enough time to read
UNIT 93 93.1 2. too heavy 3. too low 4. too fast 5. too big 6. too crowded
93.2 3. enough 4. too many 5. too 6. enough 7. too much 8. enough
9. too 10. too many 11. too much 93.3 3. too fa r. 4. ’slis too expensive. 5. ’5 not / isn ’ t big enough. 6. was too difficult
7 ’s not I isn ’ t good enough
9. is going to college in Septembe r.
8. ’ m / am too busy.
10. saw a beautiful bird in the garden this morning.
9. was too long
o obet m s t o mr
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4
2. ’ re / are all were all born in They alllive in Miami.
have been to Tokyo many t1 mes. 12. left my umbrella in the restaurant last night.
m 」 때 씨찌웰 빼
Japanεse?
5. Do you still go to the movies a lot? 6. Do you still want to be a teacher?
η ‘
F「
α
……
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ωm … 엉
2 . arrived at the hotel early 3. goes to Puerto Rico every year 4. have lived here since 2002. 5. was born in Florida in 1984 6. didn ’ t go to work yesterday 7. went to a wedding last weekend. 8. had my breakfast in bed this morn In g
떠
94.3
wι
2. bought a new computer last week 3. Paul finished his work quickly 4. Emily doesn't speak French very wel l. 5. 1 did a lot of shopping yesterday 6. Do you know New York we ll? 7. We enjoyed the party very much 8. 1 eXplained the problem carefully. 9. We met some friends at the alrport. 10. Did you buy thatjacket in Canada? 11. We do the same thing every day. 12. 1 don ’ t like football very much.
tUG
갚
94.2
,”
때싸뼈
9. 1 borrowed 50 dollars from my brother
띤-팽뼈
8. OK
4. Are you still studying
2 y s mf r -m ’u 3 ’ s 4 He m m m m% FJ He yg m m b m 6 He’ k n mm L m: ] η
friend a presen t. 7. 1 drink threε cups of coffee every day.
3. you still a student?
w-% T-1 E· 씨
5. OK 6. Jane bought a present for her friend. or Jane bought her
96.1 2. still have an old car?
13. you going to the movies tomorrow night? 14. took the children to school this morning
94.1 3. 1 like this picture very much. 4. Tom started his new job last week.
UNIT 96
parεnts
---
UNIT 94
11.
95.2 2. 3. 4. 5.
is always polite. usually finish work at 5:00. has just started a new job. 1 rarely go to bed before midnight 6. The bus isn't usually late. 7. 1 don ’ t often eat fish 8. 1 will never forgεt what you said. 9. Have you ever lost your passport? 10. Do you still work in the same place? 11. They always stay at the same hotel 12. Jane doesn ’ t usually work on Saturdays. 13. Is Tina already here? 14. What do you usually have for breakfast? 15. 1 can never remember his name.
96.2 2. looking for a job. ’ s /i s stilllooking (for a job) He has 따 found a job 3. was She ’ s / She is still asleep. She hasn't woken up ye t. I She isn ’ t awake yet. or She hasn ’ t gotten up yεt. I She isn ’ t up yet 4. were having dinne r. I were eating (dinner). They ’ re I They are still having dinnε r. I . . . still eating (dinner) They haven ’t finished (dinner) yet. I They haven ’ t finished eating (dinner) ye t.
96.3 2. 1s ... here yet? or Has .. arrived / come yet? 3. Have ... gotten the results of your blood test yet? I Have ... received the ... I Do ... have the . 4. Have you decidεd where to go (for vacation) yet? I Do you know wherε you ’ re going (for vacation) yet?
96.4 3. ’ s/ has already gone / left. 4. already have one. or ’ ve / have already got one. 5. ’ ve / have already paid i t. or already paid it 6. already knows
95.3 2. also speak French 3. 1’ m also hungry 4. and 1’ ve also been to Guatemala. 5. Yes , and 1 also bought some books
UNIT 97
95.4
97.1
1. both play They ’ re / They arε both They ’ ve both got I They
2. it to Gary. 3. gave thεm to Sarah
both have
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 297
4. He gave it to his siste r.
5. He gave them to Robert. 6. He gave it to a neighbo r. 97.2 2. Joanna a plant 3. gave Richard a tie.
4 ‘ 1 gave Emma some chocolates / a box of chocolates. 5. 1 gave Rachel some flowers / a bouquet of flowers 6. 1 gave Kevin a pen. 97.3 2. lend me an umbrella? 3. you givε me ... address?
4. Can you lend me 20 dollars?
5. Can you send me some
5. because there was a lot of I UNIT 100 traffic. / because the traffic 100.1 was bad. 2. the driving test , you ’ 11 get 6 . goodbye , got into her car , and your license. drove offlaway 3. you fail the driving test , you can take it again. 98.3 Example an swers 4. If you don ’ t want this magaZ ll1ε ， 1’ 11 throw it away 3. r went to the movies , but the movle wasn ’ t very good. 5 ‘ If you want those pictures , you can have them. 4. 1 went to a coffee shop and met some friends of mine 6. If you ’ re busy now , we can talk late r. 5. There was a movie on television , so 1 watched it. 7. Ifyou're hungry , we can have 111nch now 6. 1 got l1 p in the middle of the night beca l1 se 1 8. If yO l1 need money , 1 can lend couldn ’ t sleep you some UNIT 99
informa 따tion?
6. Can yO l1 show me the letter? 7. Can yO l1 get me some stamps?
5.
showed the police officer my driver ’ s license
UNIT 98 98.1 3.-7 went to the window and (1) looked out 1 wanted to call yO l1, b l1 t 1 didn ’ t have yO l1 r n l1 mber 1 j l1 mped into the river and (1) swam to the other side. 1 l1 sl1 ally drive to work , but 1 took the bus this morning Do yO l1 want mε to come with yO l1, or sh0111d [ wait here?
n4 bl
%
mornlng
•L
m
8. the weather is good
4. while they were away
9. it rains today.
5. before they came here 6. somebody broke into the hO l1 se. 7. they didn ’ t believe me.
100.4 2. When 3 . If
’s n 3.
4. 1f 5. if 6. When
4. 1’ 11 be ... she leaves
7. if
5. stops 6. We ’ 11 come .
8. when ..
99.3 2. 1 finish
we ’ re 7. 1 come ... 1’ 11 bring ’
101.1 3. wanted
4. had 5. were / was
1j
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a )
‘ /
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L
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m g r m m • ’n m ’b --
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2 y 3 I 4 y 5 I 6 I
if
UNIT 101
%4 %
‘
‘
8. 1’m 9. 1’ 11 give ... 1 go 10. 1’ 11 tell ... 1’ m
m
me
5. yO l1’ re not wat ch ing i t. 6. she doesn ’ t practlce. 7. 1’ 11 go and see Chris.
3 ‘ they went to live in France.
α
298 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
99.2 2. when they heard the news
μ
”
6. When 1 got to the hotel , there were no rooms.
잠
n‘ t
μ뱅 Y
1d
V/
빼
n1
잉
me
1d
e
/
뼈 ν 띠
」u
%
he he
버 벼
%
j
U
멍개
; “” t w ; “ ’h e t n vQs
빼 찌 빼때때
κ“
n%e η η
4
/ U
ω ω
3
κ ’
2
짜 ’아’아Lω
당
mm J
m
야
give it to her
u
3 y ’g 4 y m mu (k t
the program ended , 1 t l1 rned off the T V. Whεn
they invite
‘
야
Sl1 gar
rfL
.
m3
찌”뻐
buy you a present
‘..
1 go on vacation , 1 always go to the same place.
Whεn
끼 따4ω
3. send the letter to me pass me the
5. 1’ 11 be ... get 6. Will you go ‘
싫
4.
3. is
4. 1’ 11 call
3. When 1 called her , there was no answe r.
97.4 2. lend you some money
4. 5. 6. 7.
I
99.1 2. When 1’ m tired , 1 like to watch T V.
2. 1 give
6. didn ’ t enJoy 7. c0111d
8. tried 9. didn ’ t have 101.2 3. 1’ d go / 1 would go 4. she knew
5. we had
102.3 2. who
6 . you won 7. 1 wouldn ’ t / would not stay
3. which
8. we lived
4. which
9. It would be
5. who
10. the salary was / were
6. which
11. 1 wouldn ’ t / would not know
7. who
12. would you change
8 . who 9. which That is also correct in all these sentences’
101.3 2. 1’ d watch it / 1 would watch it 3. we had some pictures on the wall 4. the air would be cleaner 5. every day was / were the samε 6. 1’ d be borεd / 1 would be bored 7. we had a bigger house / we bought a bigger house 8. we would / could buy a bigger house 101.4 Example answers: 2. If 1 could go anywhere in the world , 1’ d go to Antarctica. 3. 1 wouldn ’ t be very happy if 1 didn ’ t have any 감 iends.
-
3
n
lnstrument.
Pi
””
qa
m
104.1
102.4 3 . . . . a machine that / which . makes coffee 4 ‘ OK (which is also correct) 5. . .. people who / that never stop talking. 6. OK (who is also correct) 7. OK (that is also correct) 8. . .. the s εntences that / which arε wrong. 9. . .. a car that / which cost $60 ,000 . UNIT 103 103.1 2. pen you gave me
102.2 2. who opened the door was weanng 3. who took the test passed (it). 4. police officer who stopped our car 、Nasn ’ t very friendly.
3. 4. 5. 6.
in
8. i n
at
9. at
in
10 1n ... a t
in
4. on
11. at 12. in
5. i n
13. on
6. in
14. on
7. on
15. at
8. on
16. at
9. at 10. on
17. on
18. in
104.3 3. B 4. A
8. B 9. both
5. both
10. both
6. A 7. B
11. B 12. both
3. exam is in two weeks. / in 14 days.
5. didn ’ t believe the story he told us 6. much were thε oranges you bought? 103.2 2. meal you cooked was excellent.
4. will be here in half an hour. / .. in 30 minutes 104.5 3. in 4. - (already complete)
5. 6. 7. 8.
3. 1’ m weanng aren ’ t very comfortable. 4. people we invited to dinner didn ’ t come. 103.3 2. you were talking to? 3. the keys you were looking
7. at
104.4 2. call you i n three
4. flowers 1 gave you?
4. A patient is a person who is sick in the hospita l. 5. A dentist is a person who takes care of your teeth. 6. A fc。이 is a person who does stupid things 7. A genius is a person who is very mtεlligent 8. A liar is a person who doesn ’ t tell the tru th.
2. at
104.2 3. at
3. jacket Sue is wearing.
이때
2 w --qa
빼 뼈
빼빽 m-
π-j
뻐-m
4. 1’ d buy a house if 1 had enough money 5. If 1 saw an accident in the street , 1’ d try and help 6. The world would be a better place if thεre wεre no guns.
UNIT 104
9. 10.
11. 12. fo 년
4. party you ’ re going to? 5. the movie you were talking about? 6. music you ’ re listening to? 7. the e-mail you were waiting for? 103.4 2. where you had dinner? 3. town where you live? 4. the factory where you work?
- (already
CO Itψ ete)
in on
- (already complete) - (already complete) - (already complete) in at
UNIT 105 105.1 2. until2003 3. since 2003 4. South Korea until 2007. 5. Australia since 2007 6. in a hotε1 from ... to 2005 7. in a restaurant since 2005. 8. from 1996 to 2002. 9. a journalist since 2002. 11. for years
ANSWER KEY 10 EXERCISES 299
12. lived in Australia for _ _ years 13. in a hotel for three years. 14. has worked in a restaurant for years. 15. was a teacher for six years 16. has been a journalist for _ _ years. 105.2 2. until 3. for 4. since 5. Until 6. for 7. for 8. until
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
since until for until for
106.1 2. after lunch 3. before the εnd
4. during the course 5. before they went to Mexico 6. during the night 7. while you ’ re waltlllg 8. after the concert 106.2 3. while 4. for 5. while 6. during 7. wh iJ e 8. for
n t
g 서 때
o
ob
l
뺑뺑
에
A
I
뼈 ↑뱅 빼
j 껴
/0
t [
107.1 2. In the box. 3. On the box. 4. On the wal l. 5. At the bus stop. 6. In the field 7. On the balcony. 8. In the poo l. 9. At the window. 10. On the ceiling.
109.1 2. to 3. in 4. to 5. in
1 1. On the table. 12. At the table. 107.2 2. in 3. on 4. in 5. on 6. at 7. in 8. in
106.4 2. in a bookstore for two years after finishing high school 3. going to sleep , 1 read for a few
9. at 10. at 11. in 12. at 13. on 14. at 15. on the wall in the living room
mlnutεs.
4. walking for three hours , we were very tired.
5. have a cup of coffee before gOlllg out.
300 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
108.1 2. At the airport. 3. In bed 4. On a ship 5. In the sky. 6. At a party 7. At the doctor ’ s. 8. On the second floor 9. At work. 10. On a plane 11. In a taxi 12. At a wedding. 108.2 2. in 3. in 4. at 5. at 6. in 7. in 8. at 9. in
6. to 7. to 8. in
109.2 3. to 4. to 5. (at) home . . . to work 6. at 7. - (already complete) 8. to 9. at 10. at a restaurant ... to the hotel 109.3 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. to 6. to
UNIT 108
9. during 10. while
RJ
UNIT 109
Since
UNIT 106
106.3 2. eating an ‘ W% Cu
UNIT 107
10. in 11. on 12. on 13. at 14. in 15. on 16. at
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
at to to at at to Maria ’ s house . - (already complete) mεet
‘
(at) home
at the party ... go the party
t。
109.4 1. to 2. - (already complete) 3. 4. 5. 6.
at in to - (already complete)
109.5 Example answers: 2. Yesterday [- went to work 3. At 11:00 yesterday morning 1 was at work. 4. One day 1’ d like to go to Alaska 5. 1 don ’ t like going to parties 6. At 9:00 last night 1 was at a friend ’ s house. UNIT 110
110.1 2. next to / by 3. in front of 4. between
111.3
5 . n ext to / b y
113.2
6. in front of
1. o ut o f
2. at
7. behind 8. o n th e
2. aro l1 nd
9. in th e
4. fr 0 111 ... to
3. 4. 5. 6.
3. i n
5. aro und 6. on / ove r 7. o ve r 8. O l1 t o f
110.2 2. b e hind 3 . above
4. in front of
to ab o ut of of
7. from
8. in 9. fo r
10. about
5. o n 6. b y / n ex t to 7. b elow / und e r
UNIT112
11. o f
112.1
12. at
2. 3. 4. 5.
8. above
9. und er
10. by / n ex t to 11 . ac ro ss from 12 . on
o n th e pho n e
5. so rry fo r /a b o ut wakin g
2. by
6. Tha l1 k yo u fo r w aiting.
m
M
ιx
M
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M )
」
씨 P 뼈
m
싸뼈 싹 빼빼
m
씨
112.3
빼따 π
10. ab o ut ... b y
m
A낙
9. w ith
5. o n 6. b y
l
m rι ω 뼈야
4. ab o ut
, 4l 4
‘
내때 m 앙
3. w ith
4 . T h e bank / sup e rmark et is n ex t
‘
4 . fe d up w ith wa itin g
112.2
7. at 8. on
5 . P aul ’ s o ffice is above the b o oksto re. 6. T h e book sto re is b e tw ee n th e b a nk and th e sup e rmarl e t .
3. goo d at ge ttin g
011 tel ev isio l1
3. The b ank / b o okstore is ac ross from th e th ea te r. 0 1' P aul ’s o ffi ce is acro ss from th e th ea te r. 0 1' The theate r is ac ross fr0111
to the b oo k sto re. 0 1' The b oo k store is n ex t to th e
2 . interes ted in go in g
이/-껴 j
2 . fo untain is . .. the theat e r.
0 11 vaca ti o n
113.3
『j
110.3
o n ti111e
113.5 Example answers: 2. afr aid o f th e d ark
1. w ith
3 . ve ry goo d at draw in g
2. w ith o ut
4. 1’ m not inte res te d in ca rs 5. 1'111 fe d up w ith li v ing h ere.
3. b y
m
4. ab o Ll t
UNIT 111
5. at
UNIT 114
111.1
6 . by
114.1
2 . und er 3. Go up 4. Go down 5. G o along 6. G o into th e h o te l. 7. G o pa st th e h o tel 8. G o out of th e h o tel ‘ 9. G o over th e bridge . 10. Go throu g h the park .
7. on
2 . to
8 ‘ with
3. fo r
9. at
4.
111.2 2 . o ff 3. o ve r 4. o ut of 5. ac ro ss 6. around 7. throu g h 8. o n 9. around 10. into . . . thr o u g h
10. b y 11. ab o ut 12. b y 13 . o n 14 . with 15. by 16. by
UNIT 113 113.1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
in to at with of
t。
5. at 6. fo r
114.2 2. to 3. o f 4. to
5. fo r 6. fo r
7. o f/ about
8. fo r 9. o n
10. to 11 . at
12. fo r
ANSWER KEV 10 EXERCISES 301
13. to 14. - (a lready complete)
4. out .. . back 5. down
15. to 16. o n 1η17.τ. - (a lrea dy
6. over 7. ba ck 띠 coO이 m ’”때 1
18 . o f/ abou따 Itt 19. at 20 . o f 2 1. for 22 . - (a lready complete)
114.3 Example answers; 3. 0 11 the program. 4. depend s (o n) what it is. 5. It dep end s on th e weathe r. 6 . It depends (o n) h ow much yo u want.
UNIT115 115.1 2. went in
3. lo oked up
4. rode off/ away 5. turn ed around 6. got off 7. sat down
8. go t out
115.2 2. away
3. aro und
302 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
8. in 9. up
10. away ... b ac k
115.3 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11.
Hold o n slowed down takes off get along speak u p broken down fall over / fall down work out gave up went off
UNIT 116 116.1 2. took offher hat. or took her hat off. 3. put down his bag. or put his bag down. 4. picked up the maga zin e. or pi cked the magazine up 5. put on hi s sunglasses . or put hi s s l1 n gla sses on 6. t l1 rned off the faucet. or t l1 rn ed th e fa l1 cet off.
116.2 2. put his jacket on. put 1t on 3. to ok off her gla sses. She took them off. 4. 1 picked the phone up. 1 picked it up . 5 . They gave the key back. They gave it ba ck 6 . We turned offthe lights W e turned them off.
116.3 2. 3. 4. 5.
t ake it ba ck picked them up turn ed it off brin g them ba ck
116.4 3. 4. 5. 6.
kno cked over look it up throw them away tri ed on
7. showed me around 8. gave it up or gave up 9. fill it O l1 t 10. put your cigarette out
Answer Key to Additional Exercises (see page 244) 1
10
6 1. Are yo u
4. T h e children a re as lee p
do yo u li ve
2. we nt 3. fo und
5. Ga r y isn ’ t hun g r y
D o yo u h ave
4. was
6 . T he bo o k s are n ’ t o n th e ta ble.
old is sh e
5. h ad / took
3. is a do c to r
7. T h e hot el is n ea r t h e sta ti o n
2. H ow o ld are yo u
8. T h e bu s isn ’ t fu 11
2 3 . sh e ’ s/s h e is 4. Wh ere a re
Wh at d o yo u d o / Wh ere d o yo u wo rk / Wh at ’ s yo ur job
7. gave 8. w e re
Do yo u like / e nj oy
9. thou g ht
D o yo u h ave
10 . inv ited /as ke d
D o yo u (u su all y) go
5. Is h e 6. 1t ’ s / It is 7. 1’ m / 1 am I ’m
6 . to ld
11
3. Wh at ’s hi s n am e or
N o , 1’ m n o t .
8. Wh at col o r is 9. Is it 10. Are yo u 1 1. H ow mu ch a re th ey?
Wh at d oes h e d o / Wh at ’s his jo b
3 . was go o d at sp o rt s.
D oes he li ve/work i n
5. H e didn ’ t wo rk h ard at sc h ool 6 . H e h ad a lo t of fri end s
7
7. H e didn ’ t h ave a bicycle
4. is 32 yea rs old.
8. H e was n ’ t a q ui et child .
5 . 1 h ave / 1’ ve go t t wo slsters
8. M y car h as a fl at tire.
7
l
11 0 、v
7. Why a re yo u standin g h ere? l ’ m / 1 a m 、;v a itin g for so m eb o d y.
10. M ar y sp ea k s G e rlll.a n ve r y we l l.
4. Sa m d oesn ’ t wa nt
5. Do you wa nt 6. Does H elen 1ive 7. Sa rah kn o w s
8. 1 d o n ’ t trave l
8 4. pl ays 5. 1’ m leav ing 6. [t ’ s ra Jl1J11 g 7. 1 d o n ’ t wa tch 8. we ’ re loo king 9. d o yo u pro noun ce
9. d o you u su a ll y ge t up
10. T h ey d o n ’ t go o u t 11. To m always leaves 12. d oes Ju lia d o .. . She wo rk s
9
M
m
%F
m
2. we go
4. Sh e do e sn ’ t h ave a ca r ‘ 5. She g oε so ut a l o t 6. Sh e h as / Sh e ’ s go t a lo t o f fri end s. 7. She do es n ’ t 1ike H o uston 8 . Sh e likes to d an ce 9. Sh e isn ’ t / Sh e ’ s 110 t interes te d In sp o rt s.
7. 1 n ever rea d
5. [didn ’ t sp eak 6. D id yo u h ave 7. h e didn ’ t
g。
8. sh e a rri ve d 9. did R o b e rt li ve
10. T h e m ea l didn ’ t cos t
3. o p ened 4. ran g ... was coo kin g
5. d o yo u take 6 . Sh e wr ites
4. did you ge t
2. we re w o rkin g
3 . shinin g
3 . Sh e ’ s / Sh e is a stud e nt
3 . 1 fo rg ot
14
4. are yo u going
5
n d,
J mw % J7
13
3. are yo u co oking
4
.
/ T h ey are cO I11. in g
”m
q a
이J
ww “% Jme
g (
m y
“ ι
6
ww
//’
써
9. These fl ow ers are b ea utifu l.
mU
”
q
얀
4 5
5. Is it rainin g? Th ey ’rε
” h” m? ”m h”
M y ca r ’ s go t / h as go t a fla t tJ re
4 . A re th e childre n pl ay ing? 6.
or
H H D
mγ
7. J a n e n ever wea rs a h at.
ω
3
얘ψ ι따 ι따
3
12
빠 씨삐 J 따〕싸 뼈ψ
6. W e often wa tch TV at ni g ht. 3. H e ’ s / H e is ta kin g a sh owe r.
4. H e playe d socce r
5. h ea rd ... loo ke d 6. was looking .. . h appe n ed
8 . T h ey ’ re wat chin g
7. was n ’ t rea din g . .. wa s wa tchin g
9. Sh e ’ s talking
8 . didn ’ t rea d
10 . d o yo u u sually h ave 1 1. H e ’ S VISlt Jl1 g
12 . 1 d o n ’ t d rink
9 . fini sh e d . . . pa id . . . left
10. saw .. . was wa lking
‘
was
wa lt Jl1 g
ANSWER KEY 10 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 303
15
20
3. is pl ay ing 4. gave 5. does n ’ t like
6. did yo ur parents go 7. saw . . . w as dri ving 8. D o you w atch 9. we re yo u doing 10 . goes 11 ’ m / am tr ying 12 . didn ’ t sleep
2. haven ’ t re ad I ’ ve n ever read H ave you seen ’ ve I h ave h ad
H ave yo u (eve r) b een h ave you li ved I h ave yo u b een Ii ving I have yo u bee n 7 ’ ve I h ave kn own
8. ’ s I h as b ee n raini ng or has rained or has bee n horrible / bad
21
3 . ’ s/ h as be en 4. for 5 sll1 ce 6 . h as he live d I has he bee n 7. for 8 ‘ ’ ve / h ave b ee n
18 Exa mple answers: 3. [ ’ ve just started thi s exercise . 4. [ ’ ve l11 et Julia a few ti l11 es 5. [h ave n ’ t had dinn er ye t 6 . [ ’ ve n ever b een to Au strali a 7. [ ’ ve li ved here si nce [ was born . 8. [ ’ ve Ii ve d here for three yea rs
were yo u th ere 2 . h ave yo u had bou ght / go t 3. have yo u li ve d I h ave yo u be en Ii v in g I h ave yo u b een we Iived I w e we re did yo u Iive I we re yO l1 4 . h ave yo u wo rked I have yo u b ee n wo rkin g did yo u d o was I wo rked as
19 bou ght I go t we nt ’ ve / h ave seen or saw h ave n ’ t start ed (it) (ye t) w as didn ’ t see finished or grad uated fro m
10. ’ s/ h as b ee n 11 . was 12 . ’ ve / h ave never m ade
Example answers: 2. 1 didn ’ t go o ut las t ni ght 3. 1 wa s at w ork yes terday aft ern oo n 4. 1 we nt t o a p ar ty a few d ays ago. 5. It was m y birthd ay las t wee k . 6 . 1 we nt t o SO l1 th A l11 eri ca las t yea r ‘
is v isited w ere dam age d be built is b eing c1 ea n ed b e forgo tten h as b een repaired be kept H ave yo u ever b eε n bitten was stolen
2 . was stolen las t wee k . 3 ’ re / are wa nted on th e ph on e. 4. ban an as h ave b een eaten 5. l11 ac hine will b e repaired . 6. ’ re/a re b ein g watched. 7. hou sew o rk h as to b e d one.
27 3. pu shed was pu shed h as taken or too k is b eing rep aired inve nted w as th e call1 era invented ’ ve/ h ave b ee n wa shed or w ere was hed 10 . ’ ve / h ave w as hed th e l11 . or was hed th em . 11. did th ey se nd 12 . be sent 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
28
23 2. B 3. D
9. C 10 . D
4. A
11. A
5. 6. 7. 8.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
26
22
17
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
3 ’ s/ h as li ve d th ere since las t M ay. or ’ s b een li v in g .. 4. sh e left at 4 :00. 5. H ow l11 any ti l11 es h ave yo u b ee n th ere? 6 . 1’ve I [ h ave b een tired all d ay 7. It was o n th e tabl e las t ni ght . 8 . 1’ ve eaten th ere a few ti l11 es 9. What ti l11 e did th ey ge t here?
1. was I did yo u go (th ere) I
16 3. 4. 5. 6.
25
A D C B
12. C 13. B 14 . C 15. A
24 1. was da l11 age d ... be torn
d own 2 . was built ... is l1 sed . .. is being painted 3 . is ca ll ed ... be ca ll ed . . . was chan ge d 4. have b ee n l11 ade . . . are produ ced
304 ANSWER KEY TO ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
2. B 3. A 4. C
5. B 6. C 7. C
8. 9. 10. 11. 12 .
B B A B C
29 1.
B ’ 1 staye d A: di d yo u d o B: 1 wa tched A: Are you go ing B ‘ I'111 going A : are yo u going to see B: 1 do n ’ t kn ow. 1 h aven ’ t d ec ided
2. A: have you been
B: We arrived A: are you staying / are you gomg to stay
A: do you like B: we ’ re having 3. A: 1’ ve just remembered / 1 just remembered - Karen called B: She always calls or She ’s always calling ... Did she leave A: she wants B: 1’ 11 call ... Do you know A: 1’ 11 get 4. A: I ’ m going ... Do you want B: are you gomg A: Have you εver eaten B: 1’ ve been 1 went 5. A: 1’ ve lost / 1 lost ... Have you seen B: You were wearing 1 came A ‘ I ’ m not weanng B: Have you looked / Did you look A: 1’ 11 go ‘
10. We haven ’ t decided
34
11. wants
4. a horse
12. to go 13. 1’ 11 send
5. The sky 6. a tourist
14. you ’ re having
7. for lunch
15. are studying / have been studying
8. the ... the 9. a watch
16. he had
10. remember names (-)
17. he needs
11. the next train 12. sends e-mails (-)
18. We ’ ve been 19. We got
13. the backyard 14. the Majestic Hotel
20. seemg 2 1. 1 liked 22. we went
15. sick last week (-) ... to work (-)
23. we left
16. the ... the
24. had
17. to the radio ... having breakfast (-)
25. he wasn ’ t injured 26. was damaged
.
27. We ’ ve changed / We changed 28. we ’ re leaving 29. We ’ re staying / 찌re ’ re gomg to stay / We'll stay 30. f1 ying 3 1. That will be / That ’ s gomg to be 32. finished 33. 1’1I 1et
18. like sports (-) ... is basketball (-) 19.a ... an 20. the ... the ... the ... the 2 1. After dinner (-) ... watchεd TV (-) 22. northern Mexico (- ) ... the south 35
1. we met
35. are looking
2 ln 3. on
2. we sat / we were sitting
36. We ’ re gomg 37. we ’ 11 send
4. at 5. on
30
3. We didn ’ t know 4 5
H
34. we get
‘
6. in 7. since
11. for 13. i n
12. at 14. at 15. on
6.
8. on
16. by 17. for.
7
9. by
18.to ... in
8 9
10. in
19.at ... in
‘
on
10
11 12 13. 14. 31 2. we ’ re staymg 3. we e 띠 oyed 4. We watched
33 2. a car 3. the fridge / the refrigerator 4. a teacher
5. slept
5. school 6. the movies
6. 1 don ’ t sleep
7. a taxi
7. we ’ re not doing / we ’ re not going to do 8. we ’ re gomg 9. to see
8. the piano 9. computers 10. the same
ANSWER KEY TO ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 305
e
”찌 다
uv
빼
s
빡
hM
C
1.4
A
1. 5
C, D B D C C
1. 6 1.7 1. 8 1. 9
1.1 2A 1.1 3D 1.1 4C 1.1 5A 1.1 6D 1.1 7 C , D 1.1 8 A , D
Past 2.1 2.2 2.3 2 .4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2 .9 2 .10
B
E
D B
A D
A C
C E
Present perfect 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10
B, E D B
D E B
A C
D E
Passive 4.1 4.2 4.3 4 .4 4.5
D C E A A
Future 6.1 6.2 6.3
A A C
6 .4
A, B
6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9
B C D C B, C
Modals, imperative, etc. 7.1 7.2 7.3
7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13
C, D A, C A
D
B C B, D D C C B, D
A B
Rnj n2
B D B A C, E
C A A, C
E
묘
1.1 1 C
B
10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12
Aι
1.1 0A
m-
sD
빼
1.3
E EJ
fD
얘-
A
v-
u e
딴
1. 2
u
Au
갚
B
riil AuVJ G
。
1.1
o
VJil
뼈니
Present
e
vK
-ing and to ... 12.1 B 12.2 D 12.3 B 12 .4 C 12.5 B , C
12.6 C 12.7 A 12.8 D
G 0 , get, do , make , and have 13.1 A , D 13.2 C 13.3 C , D 13 .4 A , D 13.5 B 13.6 D
T'here and it 8.1 8.2 8.3
B E A
8 .4
A
8.5
B
Auxiliary verbs 9.1 9.2 9.3 9 .4 9.5 9.6 9.7
D
A C B B C D
Questions 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4
306 ANSWER KEY TO STUDY GUIDE
D D A A
Pronouns and possessives 14.1 14.2 14.3 14 .4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10
A
C D B B, C A
E A D C
A and the 15.1 15.2 15.3 15 .4 15.5 15.6 15 .7 15.8
C B A, C B B A D C
B
17.5
15 .10 B
?0.6
A
17.6
B B
20 .7
B
15 .11 E
17.7
A, C
20.8
15 .1 2 D
17.8
E
C 20.9 B
15.13 B
17.9
A
20 .10 D
15.14 A
17.10 B
20.11 D
17.11 D
20.12 A
17.12 A
20 .1 3 C
17.13 D
20.14 D
17.14 C
20 .15 A
15 .9
뺨
Determiners and M 16 .2 16 .3 16 .4 16 .5 16.6
C C
B B C A, C
D 16.8 B , D 16.7 16.9
20 .16 E
Word order B 18.2 C 18.3 B 18.1
18 .4
A
18 .5
A, D
20 .18 B 20.19 D 20 .20 D
Phrasal verbs 2 1.1
A
16.11 D
Conjunctions and clauses
16.12 B , D
19.1
C
16 .13 A
19.2
A
16 .14 A, B
19.3
16 .15 D
19 .4
16.16 A , C
19.5
16.17 D
19.6
16.18 B
19.7
16 .19 A
19.8
D E B, C A, B B, D A
Adjectives and adverbs
Prepositions
16.10 B
20.17 C
20 .1
A, D E
17.1
A
20 .2
17.2
C
20 .3
17.3
C
17.4
D
C
2 1.2 A, B 2 1.3
B
C, D 20 .4 B 20 .5 A , D
ANSWER KEY TO STUDY GUIDE 307
Index The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers). a / an 66 a and SOme 68-69 a/ all and the 70
anybody / anyone / anything 77D , 79-80
best
anywhere
between
112E
above
110E
apostrophe (1 ’ 111, Appendix 4
a cross
11 1
apostrophe
across μ。’”
110B
are
active and passive Append ix 1 adjectives 86 get + adjec tive (get lired , et c.) 57B possessive adj ectives (III)' /)'o llr / her , etc.) 61, 63 somethillg / allybod)' , et c. + adjective 80C adjectives an d adverbs 띠1-1 1 래 /qllickly) 87 co mpa ratives (o lder / 1 lore expe /l sive) 88-90 superlatives (the oldest / the /I/O st exp e ll S I 띠 91 adjectives + p reposition (afraid 01, etc.) 113A
’
adverbs 87 word orde r (always / lI sllall)' / ojtell , etc.) 95 advise (a dvise somebod)' to .. .) afraid (of) after ago
54B
11 3A
81
95
always alwa)'s + simp le prese nt word order 95
5C
am / is / are 1-2 al/l / is / are - il밍 (present contin uou s) 3-4 , 24A , 26 , 52C there is / there are 38 an see a 98
angry (at / with / about) another
66B
any a/l y and so me 77 nol + all )' 78 띠 1)' and nO 78 all)' (of) 82
308 INDEX
brother 's car)
( /1 1)'
65
am / is / are
around 111 tllm aroll /l d / sl/O w aro 씨 d (p hrasa l ve rbs) 11 5-116 , Append ix 7 arrive
109C
articles (a / 0 /1 / the) a / 011 66 , 68-69 a / an and th e 70 Ihe 7 1- 74 as (1/0 1 as . . , as)
66-74
aux i1i ary ve rbs
113A
107- 108
conjunctions 98- 101 ‘l/I d/ but / or/ so/becallse 98 κ
24 , 4 1- 43
100-10 1
110E
114A
53C
contrac tions (s hort forms yO Il ’ve , et c.) Appe ndix 4 could / couldn ’ t
[ ’ 111 ,
it ’s,
3 1C-D
countable and un co un tab le nouns 68-69
11 4C
did didn ’I in negati ves 12 , 240, 4 1C , 44B , 52A did in questions 12 , 24D, 41C , 45B , 52A different (from)
113A
direct speech and reported speec h 51 do and make 58 dO /l ’t/ does 1 ’t 111 nega tl ves 6 , 240, 4 1C , 44B , 52A do / does in questions 7 , 240, 41 C , 45B , 52A dO /l ’t go / don ’1foll , etc. (imperative) 37B
’
down 111 sit do l/.시 I / pllt down , etc. (p hrasal ve rbs) 115- 116 , Append ix 6-7
99 , 106 ... o r b탱l ’ I -i"g)
1/'’C잉g)
(cαω ‘0 /1
depend (on)
98
(b앵 illto
31
’u!씨싸/1이써 /시h까ell ’”lμ 까 ““ 까샤 / lb)qψ/ψbr%ψcι/ι11ψ 씨 이v/시써 l
52
belong (to) below
114B
conditional (if . . .) if l do...100 κ I did ... 101
been have /hos been (p l εse n t perfect ) 16-17 bWI and gOlle 21 A there has / have beell 39B begin
112C b)' after th e pass ive (I was bitten by a dog.) 22D b)' l1l )'self / by YOllrse!f, et c. 64C by (= lI ext 씨 110C
comparative (older / IlI ore expensive , et c.) 88-90
be (base form of ol/l /is/are) 0111 /α /o re 1- 2 olll !i s/ore + - i ’잉 (p resent cont in uo us) 3- 4. ?4A. 26 . 52C I/JOS / were 10 1Ilas / llI ere + -;1잉 (past co ntinuou s) 13 , 24A , 52C have / has bew (present p e r f，εct) 16-17 passlve 22-23 , Append ix 1 I/J i11 be 28 because
95
98
continue
base form
before
22C
can /can’ t
90
8:00 / ot IlIght , εtc. 104 th e blls stop / at I/Jork , et c. and to 109 the age of . . . 112B
110A
by
ca11
ask ask sOl/l ebody 10 . .. 54 B ask sOlllebod)' for . .. 114A at ot at at at
88D
both 83 word o rde r but
back collle back / give bock , et c. (p hrasa l verbs) 115-116 , Append ix 7 ill bock of 1 10A
already 96C alread)' + present perfec t o r si m ple past 20B word order 95
and
born
awo)' / thmw oway , εtc. (phra sa l verbs) 115-116 , Append ix 7
111
also (word orde r)
et c.)
YlI/1
18B
along
’S
1 샤，
away
99 , 106
a11 all and ever)' , et c. all (o f) 82 word order 95
seε
better
80
about
91B
53C
during
106
ea c h other
64 0
’
either eil l1 er and roo 43A eil l1 el 끼f) 83 embedded questions (D o yO /l k'I O/l 1 l/Il1 al ... ' , e tc.) 50 e-mail end
씨
10413 , 10 7B
Il1 e ell d of)
enough 92 mO llg l1 and 100
64 A
93 0
,
got pa st of get 11 C , 57 have/has got 9 , 59 A dO/1 't have/ho ven ’1 got
913
53 A , 54B had pa st o f have 11 C had 10 34ß He 5a id I e ha d (dol1 e sO l1l e lh i ll.잉 51 , App e ndi x 1. 1
far HOI/l fa r i5 ir' 40 A , 480 f or fa rlher 88 13
,
87 C
happen (to)
fed up (with)1 13 A few / a few
hard
85 5313
hate
for 껴r
10 1I 1111 /1 1es / fo r rhree 18 , 105D f or and rO . .. 55ß go ιr 0 walk , e tc. 56C fo r and d/l ri /lg 106C
yeaη ，
e tc
105A , 1 11 ψ1
jrollf of)
full (of)
113A
farther
114A
87C
has see have
finish (fi/1 ish -i /1g)
front
2 1A
good go ‘ d and lII ell 87 D good 01 113A
81
from
going to (I’ 111goillg 10 do 50l1l elhillg) 27 gone and been
everybody / everyone / everything / everywhere 8 1 C
fast
I1 you / he / she , e tc. (perso nal pronou ns) 60 , 63 if
100- 10 1 if IIle go / if )'0 /1 5ee , etc. 100 if and I/Ihe/l 100C if I hod / if I/I e I/Ie/l r 10 1 0 0 )'0 /1 k /1 01l1 if. . .' 50C
imperative (do II1 i5 / 37
d이l ’1 do
Il1 al , et c. )
‘
ever Have )'OU ever .. . ? 16 supe rl ati ve + ever 9 1E \V o rd o rd e r 95
expect
go 56 go - 11밍 (g o SI/I i1/1 1/1 iI잉， et c. ) 56 0 go 110 l/l e / go 10 work / go rO Il1 e li lovle5 72 go i /l / go back , etc (ph rasa l ve rbs) 115
’
11413
enJoy mjo y -illg 53B wjoy 1/1 )'self/ yO Il rseκ e tc.
every
glve give sOl/l erhi Ig ro sO l/l ebod)' / give 50 mebo d)' 50 l/l el l1 illg 97 give IIP / give back , etc. (p h rasa l verb s) 11 6 , App endi x 6- 7
1 10A- B
8813
future 26- 29 I ’ 111 II10rkillg 101/1 01 01/1. ( presε nt co ntin uo us) 26 Th e co /l cerr slorls or 7:30. (simpl e pres e nt) 26C (J ’ 1/1 ) go 깨 10 (do 50 l/l erhi llg) 27 will 28 29 5holl ? 9 C futu I ε afte r \/I hm / bifo re / I/I hile , e tc 9913 future aft e r if 10013
’
53C- 0
have 9 , 59 dOIl ’1 have / hovfll ’r gOl 9 B ha /l e and sho rt a nswεr s 9 0 have got / ha5 go l 9 , 59 A ha /l e dOll e / have been , etc. (p resε nt pe rfec t) 16- 19 , 24 C have 10 34 h“ … M 띠 o ve a ’”川/1“Cαe 川 a 111111 川l/I e t시h써 e re h/ o s 끼 /개 h“ 1띠 o0 ve bem 39B have breokf 051 / ho κ a good li l/l c, e tc 59B
“
her hers
60- 6 1, 63 6?- 63
herself him
64
60 , 63
himself
64
•
g e ographical names with and w ith o ut Ih e 74 gerund see -ing get 57 gel 10 (a place) 57 C , 109C ger 0/1 / ge l IIP , et c. (phra sal ve rbs) 115 , App e ndi x 6
his
6 1- 63
home 56 A , 72 A , 109B gel h o 川 e 57C , 109 C how 48 H O\/l lOllg hO/l e )'OU . .. ? (prese nt perfect) 17 ho Ul b밍 I/O w old' / hoUJ fo 서 e tc 480 H ow lOllg do es it lake' 49 It ow IIIII CIt ? / It ow many ' 84A
,/
m
ill five l/I i/l llte5 / i/l rhree )'ea lι ， et c. 104E i /l A pril / i /l Ihe 5 11111 ’” κ et c. 104 i l'l 0 rOO l1l / i/l the h05piral , etc 107- 108 illa nd ro 109 ill bock of 11 0 A 11 1 기O llf of 11 0A- ß pll l 50melhillg ill 111 go ill / fi ll i/l, e tc. (ph rasa l ve rbs) 115- 11 6 , App end ix 7 infìnitive adjecti ve + infin itive (it's eas)' 10 .. .) 40B infinitive (do / see, etc.) 5? i n fi n i t i vζ and -ing (do / doi l영， etc.) 52- 53 1 I/Ianl 10 go , et c. 52B , 53 I I/Im t 10 Ihe slore (() b/l )' . . . 55 infini tive and fo r . .. 55B sOll1 elhillg 10 eal / I/OI/I here 10 go , etc 80 0 -ing (doirlg /plo)'illg /g oillg , e t c.) 0111 /i s / are + - il앵 (prese nt contin uo us) 3- 4 , 2 4A , ?6 , 52C IIla5/ were + - i l 앵 (pas t co nti nu o us) 13 , 24A , 5?C -11 밍 and in fin itive (do/ doing , ε t c. ) 52- 53 ve rbs + -illg (eIUo)' -illg , e t c. ) 53ß - C 지o -11 잉 (go SWillllllillg , e t c. ) 56D pre positions + -illg 106 0 , 113B interested (in) into
11 3 A
111
irregular verb s 11 C , ? 513 , App e ndix 2- 3 is see am / is / are it
40 , 60B il i5 and Ilt ere is 38B , 40A il'5 andils 6 1C
its
61
Ju st j llsl + present pe rfec t 0 1' sim ple pa st 20 A wo rd o rde r 95
kind (kind 10 so川 ebo d )' / kill d of somebo dy) 113 A know (0 0 )'011 kll ol/l wh ere ... ?)
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
50
INDEX 309
learn (Ieal'll to . . .) left (0 11 the
Iψ)
11 0A
lend
(Ie /U 서 d 50이 0111κC이t“hing
less
89C
let
540
let ’s (l el 's go / lel ’5 aa l1 ce , erc.) 37C , 54D 4713
35C
Ii ttle / a Ii ttle 85 (a liffle older/ bigger, et c.)
89 D
love
84
0
mm
many mall y and II l1 lCh nol as /I1 afly φ씨 too many 93C
%
84 90 [3
끼 (i111 μ 띠 t hκe ’n… ll 11“씨( 1
might
30 0
nowhere
53B
mine / yours / hers , etc. (possessive pro no ll ns) 62-63 modal verbs (will /can / lllight , et c. ) 28- 35 , 52A mo st 111051 (of) 82 th e /Il 051 expells i ~e / Ih e mosl di[fiw lt , etc. 91
b /l ildi맹，
etc.
65C
74E
s O lll e thi ，밍，)
53A 5C
our
mu c h 1111κh
and l1I all)' 84 /11/1 ch bigger / much I'I'lore expe /1 sive 890 flO t a5 lI1/.1 ch (，α 5) 90 13 100 l'II uch 93C 32
my / your/ his , etc. (possessive adjectives) 61 , 63 ( re fl e x i vε
76
98B
ought to
33F
61 , 63 62-63
ourselves
22-23 , 24B , Appεnd i x 1 5 11끼) I e prese nt (i5 dO /1 ψ and simple past (1νa5 dO Il ψ 22 prese nt co ntinllolls (is being done) and prese nt perfect (has beell dOlle) 23 will / call / 11 /1 51 (e t c.) be dO l! e App endix 1.2
past (Co pa5t the movie Ih ealel .) 111 p as t continuou s (wa5I! IJe re + -ing) 13- 14 , 24A , 52C past co ntinllous (J was doillg) and simp le past μ di 씨 14 past cont 1l1 110 1l S pass lve, App endix 1. 1 past p a rti c iple (c leall ed/ done/ seen , etc.) 25 A prese nt perfect (1 lralJe playe씨 16 , 19 , 24C pass ive (th e 1'00 /11 ωas cleaned) 22-23 , 24B , App end ix 1 regll lar (cleaned) and irregllla r (seen) 25B , Appendix 2-3
past simple see simple past
on 011 MOllday / 0 1April 25 , et c. 104 011 the table / 011 th e wall 107-108 011 th e Iψ / r빙 ht 110A 。 11 vaca tioll / 011 televi5ion , et c. 112A go 0/'1 (vacation / a trip , etc.) 56B get on / p/l l 0/1, et c. (phrasal ve rb 5) 115- 116 , App endix 6-7 or
67B
past perfec t He 5aid he had (do /1 e 5o/'n elhing) 51 active and pass ive Append ix 1.1
often oflell + si mpl e prese nt word order 95
ours
310 INDEX
nco llntable)
80
one / ones
88C , 89
my self/ yourself, etc. pron o llns) 64
lI
’
mind (J d이 l ’t mi /l.d -illg)
mu st
78B-C , 82B-C
offer (to do
30 0
middle
79- 80
off 111 get off / t /l m 때; et c. (phrasal ve rbs) 115- 11 6 , App end ix 6
me / you / him , et c. (perso nal pronollns) 60 ’ 63
more
nobody / no one / nothing 1'10 one and l'l.one 78C
of Ih e roof ~(th e Ih e ... o( ...
married married 10 113A gel married 57B may
11 0A
nouns (co llntabl e and 68-69
。
UVJ
뼈
끼“
I
M 1%
U
ιω
」 m
M
」 ω
”“ 「
m
!”
때
뼈
mm
43B
no (110 /Il olley / 110 fr iends, et c.) 78 A- B , 82 A
none
53C-D e
86C
pair of . . .)
’
nice (nice 10 sO/ll ebody / nice of sOl1l ebody) 113A
look loo k + adjective (l ook lired , etc.) look at 껴 r /afle r 114A lot (a lot of ... )
45C
never lI ever + simpl e present 5C lI eve l' + prese nt perfect 16 wo rd ord er 95 next to
114A
μ
passive
neither Neilh el' am 1 / 1\ Tei lh er do J, etc. lI eilh el' (of) 83
like (ve rb) wO /l ld like 35 , 530, 54A do yO /l like? and wO /.l ld yO Il like? like to ... or like -ing 53C Ii sten (to)
53A
negatives 44 negati ve qll es ti o ns 110 and 1I 011e 78 ”이 + atl y 78-79
10 50이 이’”川lI e bo … oα)( 까 t
Ii ke (Wh at i5 il like')
pair
need ’leed to . ..
53A
64
o ut O/l lOf 111 go 0/1 1 / p /l t 0/1 1, etc. (phrasal ve rb 5) 115- 11 6 , App endix 6-7 over 111 cli ll1 b over / kllock over (phra sal ve rb s) 115- 116 , Appendix 6-7
peo ple
67C-D
perso n al pronouns (I !r ll e / yO Il, 60 , 63
εt c. )
p er suade (persuade so mebody 10 .. .) 54B phras al verb s (ge t "p / p /l t 011 , et c. ) 115- 116 , App endix 6-7 plural (wp CUp5 / Il'l an police (plllra l)
111 이" etι)
67
670
possessive adje c tive s ( /Il y/ yo /l r/ his, etc.) 6 1, 63 possess lve pronouns (l1l ill e/ yO /l r5 / hi5 , etc.) 62- 63 prefer
36B , 53C-0
prepos“ It ions 104- 114 al / Oll !i ll (time) 104 fo r/s illcc 18 , 105 II l1 lil 105 A-B bψ re / ajter/ dll l' ing / wlrile 106 ill/ at /o ll (places) 107- 108 lo !i ll / al (places) 109 01'1 104 , 107-108 , 11 OA , 112A al 104 , 107- 109 , 112B llIl de r /b e llνee n / nexl 10, et c. (position ) 11 0 IIp /ove r / llrrol잉h ， etc. ( m ove mεnt) 111 by 11 0C , 112C with / wilh Ol II 112D, 113B abo/l t 112E prepostt lons + -ing (in. -illg / without -ing , et c.) 106D, 113B adjective + prepositi o ns (afraid 01, etc.) 11 3A
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
verh + pre pos iti o n (l iste/l to / wait for , e tc.) 114 pre positi o ns at th e εe nd μ ( ↓W끼 ν 110 is 씨 sh le I“ t싸 aI
repl y qu estions (YO /.l have? / ι)/{ are? , e tc.) .P A ta g qu esti o ns (.. . rlo y0 1l 1 / . . . iS/l ’I ir? , et c. ) 42B
p re p 야 o이 s ItJ o n s 111 re 리lative
clauses (th e /I/a ll she is talki 1 9 ro) 103B
’
present c ontinuous (amlis / are + -i /lg) 3-4 , 24A , 52C n egative (l' ll/ lI ot -i l1g) 3 q ues tJ o ns 끼 re yOll -ing ?) 4 prese nt co nt in u o us (1 a/ll doi /lg) and simpl e prese nt (J do) 8 prese nt co nti nu o ll s pass ive 23A , App endi x 1.1 presen t co ntinu ous for th e futu re (Wlwr are yO I/ dohlg tO Il/O rrow?) ?6 present perfect (1 have dO/l e) 16- 17 , 19-2 1, 24 C p rese nt perfec t + j l/ st 20A prese n t perfe ct + already 20B prese nt perfe ct + yet 20C , 96B HalJe you ever ... ? 16 gO l/ e and beell 21A How 10 /lg l1 ave yO I/ . . . 1 17 prese nt pe rfec t + for /s i/l ce ] 7-18 prese nt perfec t co nrinlloll s η (1 띠 h/a “v
be '’eell
-In잉 ψ 찌 g ，)
1재 7B
some
(，ψho / wh ich / t ha 1)
“
reply questions (Yo have? / 'y(川 are ) ' 42A reported speech
H e sa id that ... / He told l1l e tha t
que sti o n s
45- 48 d 川 Iis /are . .. ? 2 do/ do es ... 1 (s imp le prese nt) 7 , 45 B did ... ? (s imp le pa st) 12 , 45B Why rlOIl ’I ... ? / • Vhy isn ’t .. , ?, εtc 45C
dirl )'0 1/ see? 45 prep os iti o n at the end μν11 0 is she lalk illg ro긴 47 Whar / Which / HOI/J . . . 1 48 H ow 10llg rloes ir rake? 49 00 yO I/ kll(" ,J where ... 1 (embedded
501l le and a/ all 68-69 some an d arl)' 77 sOllle (of) 8? somebody / someone / something / somewhere 77 , 80 sometimes
’
51
501letimes + simp le prese nt
He tolrl Ill e to . .. right (011 th e right)
54C
wo rd
1 10A
o rdε r
speak (to) spe l1i ng
65 , App e nd ix 4.5
should
95
51
29C
App e nd ix 5
st il1 96 word o rde r stop (5 tOp suggest
11 3A
114A
start (5 tart to ... and starr -ill.잉
7 1B , 90E
short forms (I’ 111 ! i야 ! App e ndix 4
5C
sorry (s orr)' abo llt an d sorry fo r)
short answers ( rlo / rlo 띠 have / havel/ ’t, does! rloeS/l ’t , et c.) 9D
p l/ r s()/ Il erhillg ill . .. 111 pllr 011 / pllr o"r , e tc. (p h ra sa l ve rb s) 11 6 , App e ndix 7
50
relative pronouns 102- 103
shall
put
qu es ti o ns)
so am 1 ! 50 rlo 1, etc. 4 3ß 1 lVas tirerl , so 1 wellt 10 berl. 98
102- 103
He sa irl lh at ... (reported speec h) say an d tell 51 B
pronouns pe rso n al prono ll ns (I / l1l e/ yo /.l, et c.) 60 , 63 possessive prono ll ns (ll/ il'l e/ yo l/ rs, et c.) 6?- 63 re fl ex ive pron o un s ( ll/ yse l(/)'o l/ rseκ etc.) 64 ol'l e / 0I'l es 7 6 r댄6 리 떼l a t i 102- 103
/ • 11110
regular and irregular verbs 1 1 , 25 , App e ndi x 2-3 relative c1 auses
ηo ψe r5)
so
say / said
53A
18A , 105C
singular and plural (flower • 67
reflexive pronouns (l1l )'self/ yourseκ etc.) 64
same
present simple see simple present
Wh o saw yO I/ 1
since
‘
’ s (a postro ph e ’s)
prese nt pe rfec t (1 l1 ave dO /l e) an d simp le pa st (1 d써 19 pre se nt perfec t passive 23B , App e nd ix 1.1 regu lar and irreglll ar vε rb s ] 6 , 25 , App end ix 2- 3
promise (prol1l ise to .. .)
rather l ’'rl rath er/ μ'o l/ ld you rath er? 36 l ’'rl rarh er go Ol/ t Iha l'l •. . , e tc 36C
simpl e prese nt pa ssive (the roO /ll is clealled) ?2 , 24B , App endi x 1.1 simple p rese nt for th e future (Th e COllcert starts at 7: 30.) 26C simp le pre se nt after IIIh C/l / while, etc 98B simpl e present after if 99B
53C
95
- ú냉
(5 1앙gest
superlative (th e
53B
-hlg)
53 B
bi잃est
! th e l11 os1
cχpe ll 5we ， ε t c.)
91
)'o l/ 've , e tc.)
tag questions
33
simple past (rlirl / cleaned/ saw , e tc.) 11 - 12 negative (rlirl /l ’t . . .) 1?, 44B questions (dirl ... ?) 12 , 45B
was!were 10 regul ar (clean ed) an d irregular verbs (sa w) 11 C , A pp en di x ?-3 simp le past + ago 18B simp le past + already 20B simp le past (1 rlirl) and prese nt pe rfec t (1 have do찌 19 simp le past (J rlirl) and past co ntinu o us (1 11ι15 rloillg) 14 simp le past + just 20 A simp le past passive (th e rOO ll1 was cle O/lerl) 22 , 24B , App e ndix 1.1 simp le past + yet 20C if + simp le past (if 1 had / i( we wellt) 10 1 simple present (1 work ! she wo rks , e tc.) 5-7 , 24D 야 gative (rlOIl ’r! rloeS/l 't) 6 , 43B qu estion s (rlo! rloes η 7 , 44B simp le prese nt + always! Sl/ ally !t lever, e t c. 5C simp le prese nt (1 rlo) and present continuou s (1 0/ 11 rloillg) 8
42B
take (How long rloes ir rake?) talk (to)
49
1 14A
tell /t old
H e told me that . .. 5 1 tell and 5a)' 5 1 B Ca n )'011 tell ,." e wh ere . . . He told lIl e to . .. 54B
1
50 A
tenses ac ti ve an d pa ss ive App e nd ix 1. 1 prεsεnt continuous (1 alll rlOillg) 3- 4 , 24A. 26 . 52C simple p resent (1 rlo) 5- 7 , 24D, 26C si mple past (1 rlirl) 11 - 1?, 14 , 19- 21 , 24D past co nti nuo LlS (1 was rloú갱 ) 13-14 , 24A , 52C p rese n t p e rfiεc t (1 have rlonψ 16- 21 , 24C be!have!do in prese nt and pa st tenses 24 text
114B
than
89- 90
“
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
INDEX 311
that 75 H e said that ... ( rεportε d speec h) 5 1C that and 시ÚS 75 a thing that ... ( rε l at i vε cla uses) 102 the 70- 74 the and a/ an 70 the same 71 B the sun / th e sky , etc. 7 1C the 11I 0vies / th e th eater / the 1κlnk ， etc 7?B ηoψCη / the j7 0wers 73 th e in n a ll1 εs of p l acεs 74 th e biggest / the 1110 .1 1 expensive , et c. 91 their theirs
62 , 63
them
60 , 63
there there there there there there these
i5 / are
64
38
Iνa5/were
39A ha5 / have bee l1 39B will be 39C is and it is 38B thi 써 Of)
11 4A
t il1 (=
75
“
verbs tenses 1- 9 , 24 , 26 past tenses 10- 15 , 19 , 24 present per fect 16-21 , 24 passive 22-23 , A p pεnd i x 1 reg111ar and ir reg111ar verbs 25 , Appe ndix 2- 3 f l1 ture ?6-29 ll1 0dal vε rbs (will/can/찌 o 띠 d ， εt c.) 28 35 , 52A negat ives 44 q l1 estions 45- 48 reported sp eech 5 1 verb s + -il영 53 verb s + 10 . .. 52- 54 vεrb s + preposition (l ook at / speak to , et c. ) 114 phrasa l vεrbs (get up / put 011 , εt c. ) 115- 116 , Appendix 6- 7 p resεnt
to . .. 53A 501 ebody to ‘
’,
was / were 111
I1
til)
too 93 too and either
54A
10
ιas /ιere
+ - il앵 (past conti n l1 ous) 13, 24A , 52C αas /νere don e (pass ive) 22 , 24B there was /we re 39A κ J wa5/were . . . 101B
105B
to lime 105A places 109 , 11 1 go to . . . 56A , 109A get 10 . .. 57C , 109C infinitive (10 go / to be , etc.) ve rb + to 53A , 53C
well 、"， ere
52
43A
turn (tu rn around / furn Ofl , εt c. ) (p hrasal vε rb s) 115- 116 , Appεnd i x 7
see
uncountable nouns (5alt/αater/m usic ， et c.) under
11 0D, 111
unt i1
99B , 105A-B
99 and
whether 68 69 •
up 111 get up / pick IIP , et c. (p hrasa l verbs) 115- 116 , Ap p ε n d i x 6- 7
、"， as
what What ... ? and •Vho ... ? 45C What . .. like? 47B yγ7r at ... ? 48 What ... ? and •Vhich ... ' 48C when
if
with / without 112D lν ithhν ithout + -ing 11 3B won ’ t (= will not)
28A
word order q l1 es tio ns 45-47 p rεse n t co nt ll1l1 OUS qu εs ti o n s 4B s i ll1 pl ε p rεse n t q l1 es ti o ns 7B sim ple past q l1 estions 12D pass ive 22- 23 Do you k n.o ψ where . . . ' (e ll1 b edded questions) 50 verb + 。 이 ect 94A p lace and time 94B α ItνaY5/usually/ojtfl1， etc. 95 a 타ε r give/lend/send , etc. 97 worse
88D
worst
91B
would J'd like / would you like' 35 J'd rather / would you rather' 36 ψould like / love , et c. 53D H e wo ld b끼 a car if he had the money 10 1
“
write
you your yours
(t이
11 4A
60 , 63 6 1 , 63 62- 63
yoursel f1 yourselves
100C
50C
... ? 48 ↓νhic /r ... 'a nd What ... ' 48C ↓νhic h one/o nes ' 76B a thing w/r ich ... (relati ve clauses) 102 ↓Vh κ h
99 , 106
60 , 63
312 INDEX
62D
w il1 28- 29 will an d 5hall 29C won ’t 28A there Iν ill be 39C
whi c h
while
th α 긴
yet 96 yet + p rεsε nt perfect or simp le past 20C
87D
!이lell
us
55C , 114A
‘",ant lνant
through
5C
who • Vho . .. ? 46- 47 a person who . . . (relative clauses) 102 whose (Whose is
lνant
75
those
15
usually IIsually + si mp le prese nt word order 95
wait (for)
75
think (think abo ll l / this
used 10 .. .)
•
6 1 , 63
themselves
μ
used
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
64
•
월할펄
빼를매
Basic
t:ttI:U라페 펀흘젠111힘
5표d핵렘. 꽤뭘힘 m뭔휠
렐빼 않폐E헤
!j fl'l" [, 1,1, lj5l‘”이Ò'J
……ι. ‘!‘아，
뿔많뿔월
팀혈할덩
CAMBRIDGE
順 l ll!| lI MIl l! lll 2014. 0 1. 03 www .bandinlunis .com
Self-study reference and practice for students of North American English
TH I RD EDITION
a with
with answers
ur on illiam R. Smalzer ~ CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge , New York , Melbourne , Madrid , Cape Town , Singapore , São Paulo , Delhi , Mexico City Cambridge University Press 79 Anson Road , #06-04/06 , Singapore 079906 www.cambr디i벼 dge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/978052 1l 33531 @
Cambridge University Press 1989, 2002 , 2011
This publication is in copyrigh t. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements , no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1989 Second edition 2002 Third edition 2011 8th printing 2012 Printed in Singapore by Markono Print Media Pte Ltd
A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-521-13353-1 ISBN 978-0-521-13334-0 ISBN 978-0-521-13337-1 ISBN 978-0-521-13330-2
Student’s Book with answers Student ’s Book with answers and CD-ROM Student ’ s Book with CD-ROM Workbook with answers
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication , and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is , or will remain , accurate or appropriate. Book design and layou t: Adventure House , NYC Audio production: Richard LePage & Associates IlI ustration credits: Carlos Castellanos , Richard Deverell , Travis Foster,
Peter Hoey, Randy Jones , Gillian Martin , Sandy Nichols , Roger Penwill , Lisa Smith , Ian West , Simon Williams , and Tracy Wood
Contents To the Student To the Teacher
Vl l1
x
Present 1 am / is / are 2 am / is / are (ques tion s) 3 1 am doing (prese nt co ntinu o us) 4 are you doing? (pre sent continuous questi o ns) 5 1 do / work / like , etc. (simple present) 6 1 don ’ t . . . (s imple present nega tive) 7 Do you . . . ? (s imple present quest ions) 8 1 am doing (prese nt continuous) and 1 do (simple pre se nt) 9 1 have . . . and 1’ ve got . Past 10 was / were 11 worked / got / went) etc. (simple past) 12 1 didn ’ t . .. Did you . . . ? (simple past negative and questions) 13 1 was doing (pas t co ntinuou s) 14 1 was doing (pas t co ntinuou s) and 1 did (simple past) 15 1 used to . . . Present perfect 16 Have you ever . . . ? 17 How long have you . . . ? 18 for since ago 19 1 have done and 1 did (present perfect and simple past 1) 20 just) already) and yet (pre se nt perfect and simple past 2) 21 1’ ve lost my key. 1 lost my key last week . (pre se nt perfec t and simple past 3) Passive 22 is done was done (passive 1) 23 is being done has been done (passive 2) Verb forms 24 be / have / do in pres ent and pa st tenses 25 R eg ular and irreg ular verbs Future 26 ￦ hat are you doing tomorrow? 27 1’ m going to . - 28 will 1 29 will 2
If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.
… …
Modals , imperatives , etc. 30 might 31 can and could 32 must 33 should 34 1 have to . . . 35 Would you like . . . ? I ’ d like . . . 36 1’ d rather . . . 37 Do this! Don ’ t do that! Let ’ s do this!
There and it 38 there is there are 39 there was / were there has / have been 40 It . . .
there will be
Auxiliary verbs 41 1 am , 1 don ’ t , etc. 42 You have? I Have you? I You are? I Are you? , et c. 43 too / either so am 1 I neither do 1, etc 44 isn ’ t , haven ’ t , don ’ t , etc. (nega ti ves) Questions 45 is it . . . ? have you . . . ? do they . . . ?, etc. (q uest ions 1) 46 Who saw you? Who did you see? (ques tio ns 2) 47 Who is she talking to? ￦ hat is it like? ( qu εs ti o n s 3) 48 What . . .? Which...? How...? (qu es tio ns 4) 49 How long does it take . . . ? P 1 don ’ t know what . . . , etc. 50 Do you know where . Reported speech 51 She said that . ..
He told me that . . .
-ing and to .. 52 work / working go / going do / doing 53 to . . . (1 want to do) and .ing (1 enjoy doing) 54 1 want you to . .. 1 told you to . . . 55 1 went to the store to . Go , 56 57 58 59
get , do , make , and have go to . .. go on . .. go for . .. get do and make have
go + -ing
Pronouns and possessives 60 I1me he / him they / them , etc 61 my / his / their , etc. 62 Whose is this? It ’s mine Iyours I hers , etc 63 I1me Imy Imine
iv
If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.
64 myself/ yourselflthemselves , etc 65 -’ s (Kate ’ s ca m era I my brother ’ s ca r , et c.)
A and the 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74
a / an train (s) bus (es) (s in gul ar and plural) a bottle I some water (co untable / uncount able 1) a cake I some cake I some cakes (c ountable/ un co untable 2) a / an and the the . . . go to work go home go to the movies 1 like music 1 hate exams the . . . (nam es of places)
Determiners and pronouns 75 this / that / these / those 76 one / ones 77 some and any 78 not + any no none 79 not + anybody / anyone / anything nobody / no one / nothing 80 somebody l anything / nowhere , etc 81 every and all 8? all most some any no / none 83 both either neither 84 a lot much many 85 (a) little (a) few Adjectives and adverbs 86 old / nice / interesting , etc. (a dj ec tives) 87 quickly I badly Isuddenly, et c. (a dve rb s) 88 old / older expensive I more expensive 89 older than . .. more expensive than . 90 not as . . . as 91 the oldest the most expensive 92 enough 93 too Word order 94 H e speaks English ve r y wel l. (wo rd ord er 1) 95 always / usually / often , et c. (wo rd o rder 2) 96 still yet already 97 Give me that book! Give it to me! Conjunctions and clauses 98 and but or so because 99 When . 100 If we go . .. If you see . . . , etc 101 If 1 had . .. If we went . . . , etc. 102 a perso n who . .. a thin g that / which . .. (relati ve cla uses 1) 103 th e people we met th e ho tel you stayed at (relati ve cla uses 2)
If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.
v
Prepositions 104 at 8:00 on Monday in April 105 fro ll1 • • • to until since for 106 before after during while 107 in at on (places 1) 108 in at on (places 2) 109 to In at (places 3) 110 next to , between , under , etc. 111 up , over, through , etc 112 on at by with about 113 afraid of . . . , good at . . . , etc. of/ at / for , etc. (prepositions) + 114 listen to . . . , look at ... , etc. (verb + preposition)
-Ill
g
Phrasal verbs 115 go in , fall off, run away, etc. (p hrasa l verbs 1) 116 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasa l verbs 2) Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Additional
Active and passive 235 List of irregular verbs 236 Irregular verbs in gro ups 237 Short forms (he ’ s / 1’ d / don ’ t , etc.) 238 Spelling 240 Phrasal verbs (take off / give up , etc.) 242 Phrasal verbs + object (put out a fire / try on clothes , etc.)
Exεrcises
Study Guide
244
263
Answer Key to Exercises 276 Answer Key to Additional Exercises Answer Key to Study Guide 306 lnd ex
vi
243
303
308
If you are not sure which units you need to
studι
use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263.
‘
To the Student This is a grammar book for beginning to low-intermediate students of English. There are 116 units in the book , and each unit is about a different point of English gramma r. There is a list of units at the beginning of the book (Contents).
Presen t
‘/’‘h
1 2 3 " 5 6 7
re am /i ν';are (q u l: ~ t i(’”‘) 1am ‘l 이 ng ( I' r('~e n‘ C이'" ’lU om) arc yo I doing? (prcscllt nmti ll \1 011 ψlCHions) 1 do/ work / likc , c‘ C. (~‘ implc prcscll‘) 1 don ’t. .. {‘ imple pr t' scnt llcganvc) Doyou •.. ? (‘I1 n ple pft' S띠t ‘ Il1 c5tions) 8 I a m JOÎn g (prcκn t continuous) .1l1 d 1 do (sim ple pno. 5ent) 9 1 have ... and 1’ ve got :it ll
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IX
To the Teacher The most important features ofthis book are: • It is a grammar book. It does not deal with other aspects of the language . • It is for beginning to low-intermediate students of English. It does not cover areas of grammar which are not normally taught at the beginning to low-intermediate leve l. • It is a reference book with exercises. It is not a course book and is not organized progressively . • It is addressed to learners and intended for self-study. Organization of the book There are 116 units in the book , each one focusing on a particular area of gramma r. The material is organized in grammatical categories , such as tenses , questions , and articles. Units are not ordered according to difficulty , and should therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learner(s). The book should not be wor‘ ked through from beginning to end. The units are listed in the Contents , and there is a comprehensive lndex at the end of the book. Each unit has the same format consisting of two facing pages. The grammar point is presented and eXplained on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right. There are seven Appendixes (pages 235-243) dealing with active and passive forms , irregular verbs , short forms (contractions) , spelling , and phrasal verbs. It might be useful for teachers to draw students' attention to these. At the back of the book there is a set of Additional ExercÎ ses (pages 244-262). These exercises provide “ mixed" practice bringing together grammar points from a number of different units (especially those concerning verb forms). There are 35 exercises in this section , and there is a fulllist on page 244. AIso at the back of the book there is a Study Guide to help students decide which units to study - see page 263 Fina l1 y , there is an Answer Key (pages 276-302) for students to check their answers to all the exercises in the book. An edition without the Study Guide and Ans!νer Key is available for teachers who would prefer it for their students. Level The book is for beginning learners , i.e. , learners with very little English , but not for complete beginners. It is intended mainly for beginning students who are beyond the early stages of a beginners ’ course. It could also be used by low-intermediate learners whose grammar is weaker than other aspects of their English or who have problems with particular areas ofbasic grammar The explanations are addressed to the beginning learner and are therefore as simple and as short as possible. The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted so that the book can be used at this level
x
Using the book The book ca n be used by stud ents working alone (see To the Stude nt) or as supplementary course materi a l. In either case the book can se rve as a beginning grammar book. When used as course material , the book can be used for immediate consolidation or for later revision or remedial work. It might be l1 sed by the whole class or by individual students needing ex tra help and practice. 1n so me cases it may be des irable to l1 se the left-hand pages (presentation and eXplanation) in class , b l1 t it sho111d b e noted that these h ave been written for individ l1 al study and referenc e. In most cases , it would probably be better for teac hers to present th e gram ll1 ar point in their preferred way with the exercises being done for homework. The left-hand page is then available for later reference by th e student Some teachers may prefer to keep the book for revision and remedial work. In thi s case , individual students or groups of students ca n be direc ted to the appropriate units for self-study and practi ce . CD - ROM The book is sold with or without a C D-ROM. The CD -ROM co ntains further exerc ise s on all the u nits i n the book , as well as a ban k of 1l1 0 re than 600 test questions from which use rs ca n selec t to compile their own tests.
Basic Grammar in Use, Third Edition This is a new edition of Basic Crammar in Use. The differences between this edition and the second edition are: •
The book has been redesigned with new color illustrations.
•
There is reorganization , so some units have different numbers from the previous edition.
•
There are many (usually minor) revisions to the explanations , examples , and exercises.
•
There are two new pages of Additional Exercises (pages 244-262).
•
There is a new CD-ROM with further exercises to accompany the book
XI
am/is/are |’ m22
My name is Lisa. ,1
|’ m
-‘
…--
not married
, "
My faJRnfe c뼈 is b1ue.:.l
1’ m American. I’ m fr om Chicago ,," ..
f |’ m
My favorite sports are tenn is and swimming
a student ‘
f My father is a doctor, and my mother is a journalis t.
|’ m
he she I
(I’ m ) ( hε ’s )
•
IS
1t
we you I are they
(she ’s) (it ’ s) (we ’re) (yo u ’ re) (they ’re)
m
M
he sh e
IS
not
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you they
I are not
뼈
넓 빼
Lisa
Positive am
interested in art
(he ’s not (she ’ s not (it ’ s not
or
h e isn ’ t ) sh e isn ’ t ) it isn ’ t )
(we ’re not (yo u ’re not (they ’ re not
or or or
we aren 't) you aren ’ t ) th ey aren ’ t )
or or
、
shortforms
shortforms
• • • • •
1’ m cold . Can you close the window, please? r’ m 32 years old . M y sister is 29. Steve is sick. H e ’s in bed M y brother is afraid of dogs It ’s 10: 00.You ’re late aga in. Ann and 1 are good friends. Your keys are o n th e table.
• • • • •
1’ m tired , but 1’ rn not hung ry Tom isn ’ t interested in politics . H e ’s interested in music. Jane isn ’ t a teache r. She ’s a student. Those p eop le aren 't Canadian. They ’ re Australian. lt ’ s sunny today, but it isn ’ t warm.
•
•
(
..,..(
HOTE/...
• • •
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g
Thank yo u. That ’ s very nice of you. Look! There ’s C hris. “ H ere ’s yo ur ke y." “ T h ank yo u."
n
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th ere ’s = th ere is
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g - Than k you.
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am/is/are (questions) • Unit 2 there is/are • Unit
38
a/an • Unit 66 short forms • Appendix 4
U N I T
Exercises 1.1 Write the short form
(she's I we aren't, et c.).
shes
1. sh e is 2. th ey are 1.2 Write
5. 1 am n o t 6. yo u are not
3 . lt IS no t 4. that is
am , is , or are.
T he weather fS nice today. not rich 2. 3 . T his bag h eavy. heavy 4. T h ese bags
5
Look! T here Carol 6. My brother and 1 good tennis playe rs 7 Amy at hom e. H er children at sc h oo 1. 8. a taxi drive r. M y sister a nurse.
1.3 Complete the sentences.
s
1. Steve is sick. H e in bed 2. 1’ m no t hungry, but thirsty 3 . M r. T homas is a very old man. 98 4. T hese chairs aren 't b ea utiful , but co mfortable. 5. The weather is nice today. war111 and sunny late-,, “ N o , I ’ 111 no t. 1’ 111 early!" 6. at work 7. Ca therine isn ’t at hom e. 8. “ yo ur coa t." “ O h , thank yO ll ve ry mu ch." 1.4 look at lisa ’5 sentences in 1A. Now write sentences about yourself. 1.
(na l11 e?) M y
2. (단0 l11 ?) 3. (age?) 4. (j ob?)
5
(더 vo rit e
6
My (interested in ... ?)
color or colors?)
1.5 Write sentences for the pictures. Use: afraid
angry
cold
hot
hungry
3.
、;/ l 4
thir앞￥
5.
6
/’\
때「
-% -
시 m-
이/4
% 뻐 -
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f
3. H e
5
4.
6.
1.6 Write true sentences , positive or negative. Use (it / hot today) It3 hot todqν 2. (it / windy today) It 3 . (l11y h ands / cold) My 4. (Brazil / a very big co untry) 5. (dia l11 0nds / cheap) 6. (To ronto / in the United States) 1.
islisn ’ t or arelaren't.
Write true sentences , positive or negative. Use I ’ m /l ’ m 7. 8. 9. 10.
•
(tired) (hungry) (a goo d swimmer) (interes ted in politics)
Additional exercise 1 (page 244)
I 써 tlre d.
It lsnlt hot
OR
todqν
not.
OR
I'm not tire d.
3
am/is/are (questions) Positive
Question
What ’ s your name? ••.. 12.'...
.. ,
arn he she
arn
•
•
IS
IS
lt 、lV e
you they
are
are
..... h e? sh e? 1t;
Da vid .
Are you married? No , I’ m single. ‘’
w e? you? they?
How old are you ? " ' . tB b
"‘ -“
25 .
Are you a student ? Yes, I am .
“ Arn 1 late?" “ No , you ’re on time -” “ Is your rnother at home?" “ No , she ’ s o ut." “ Are your parents at h o m e?" “ No , they ’re o ut-” “ Is it cold in yo ur roo m ?" “ Yes , a little."
• • •
• •
Your shoes are ni ce. Are they n ew?
We say: • Is she at h ome? / Is your rnother at h o m e? (η ot Is at home yo ur m o ther?) • Are they new? / Are your shoes n ew? (not Are new yo ur sho es?) Where . . . ? / What . . . ? / Who . . . ? / How . . . ? / Why . . . ? •
Where is yo ur m o ther? Is she at h o m e? “ Where are you 감om? ” “ Ca nada." “ What color is yo ur car ?" “ It ’s red." “ How old is ] oe?" “ H e ’s 24." “ How are yo ur p arents?" “ T h ey ’re fin e." These postcards are nice. How rnuch are they? This hotel isn ’t very goo d. Why is it so expen sive?
• • •
• • • what ’s • •
Short
= what is
who ’s
= who
is
how ’s
What ’s your pho n e numb er? Where ’ s Lucy?
• •
= h ow is
where ’s
= where is
Who ’s th at m an? How ’ s your father?
ans!νers
I’m
arn .
Yes ,
he sh e lt we yo u they
•
IS. N o,
That ’5 my seat
h e ’s sh e ’s lt ’s
not.
or
No ,
、lV e ’re
yo u ’re they ’re
are .
“ Yes , 1 arn. "
-
“ Are you tired?"
•
“ Are you hungry?"
•
“ Is your friend ] apa n ese?"
l
“ Are these your keys ?"
l
“ That ’s my sea t."
“ No , I ’ rn not , but 1’ m thirsty." “ Yes , he is. "
“ Yes , they are. "
“ No , it isn't. "
am/is/are • Unit 1 questions -> Unit 45 what/which/how • Unit 48
he she lt
Isn ’ t.
we yo u they
aren ’ t
No, it isn ’ t t
U N 1T
Exercises 2.1
Find the right answers for the questions.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 2.2
Where ’s the camera? 1s your car blue? 1s Linda from London? Am 1 late? Where ’s Ann from? What color is your bag? Are you hungry? How is George? Who ’s that woman?
b) d)
n g) h)
Toronto. No , 1’ m not. Yes , you are. My siste r. Black No , it ’s black. 1n your bag. No , she ’ s American. Fine
1. -----fJ-
2 3 4 5 6 7 8. 9
Make questions with these words. (is / at home / your mother) Iμour mother at home (your parents / are / how) H ow are y our oarents (interesting / is / your job) (the stores / are / open today) (from / where / you / are) (interested in sports / you / are) (is / near herε / the post office) (at school / are / your childrεn) (you / are / late / why)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
? >
p ? ? ?
; p ?
2.3 Complete the questions. Use What ... I Who ... I Where ... I How ...
Howare
1.1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
your children? the bus stop? your children? these oranges? your favorite sport? the man in this photograph? vour new shoes?
I I I I I I
They’re fine At the end of the block Five , six , and ten. $1. 50 a pound. Skiing. That ’s my father Black
2.4 Write the questions.
- ‘ ”
1. 1 (name?)
What 's
“
ιour
name 2
Paul. No , 1’ m Canadian I ’ m 30. No , 1’ m a lawye r. Yes , 1 am. No , she ’'s a teache r. She ’s from Mexico. Ana She ’s 27.
2. 1 (Australian?) 3 . 1 (how old?) 4. 1 (a teacher?) 5. 1 (married?) 6. 1 (wife a lawyer?) 7. 1 (from?) 8. 1 (her name?) 9. l (how old?)
Additional exercises 1-2 (pages 244-245)
아
α
찌)
야
7ι
•
answers (Yes, I am. I No, he isn't. , etc.). No mn r mR -4. Are your hands cold? f y 5. 1s it dark now? t y 6. Are you a teacher?
따ι@
•
ω
Vι Vι
2.5 Write short Am l Am m h c
Paul
‘..
5
I am doing (present continuous) We ’ re running. t
ra i
r
’ , -.‘ ‘,‘ -
” 4
‘l
·팽
Fι
/
야 야
It ’s raining. T h e sun isn ’ t shining.
Sh e ’s eating. Sh e isn ’ t reading .
,
빼 뺑 때뼈
ι
M다 π
?
T h e present continu ous is: arn / is / are + doing/ eating / running /writing , etc.
he sh e
arn (not)
•
I ’ rn working . I’ rn not watching T V.
is (not)
• • •
M aria is reading a new sp ap e r. Sh e isn ’ t eating. (or Sh e ’s not eating. ) T h e phon e is ringing .
•
매Te ’re
•
- mg
1t νve
yo u they
are (n ot)
Arn/ is / are + -ing
• •
having dinne r. You ’re not listening to m e. (or Yo u aren ’ t listening .. . ) T h e children are doing th eir h o mework.
= som ething is h app ening now: I ’ rn working she ’ s wearing a hat they ’re playing baseball I ’ rn not watching television
now
past • • • l
째聊 땅
• •
Please b e quie t. I ’ rn working. (= 1’ m working now) Look , there ’s Sarah. Sh e ’ s wearing a b row n coat. (= sh e is wearing it n ow) T h e wea th er is nice. It ’s not raining. “ Where are the children ?" “ T h ey ’re playing in the p ark ." (o n the phone) We ’ re having dinner n ow. Ca n I call yo u later? You can turn off the television . I ’ rn not watching it.
For sp elling , see App endix 5.
•
년
m w
T
K4
wnte -• wr iting danc e-• da ncing Slt • slttm g SWlrn • sWlrnrnmg
am/is/are • Unit 1 are you doing? (questions) • Unit 4 I am doing and I d。 • Unit 8 What are you doing tomorrow? • Unit 26
Jutu re
U N I T
Exercises 3.1 What are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences: cat
havc
lic
play
2.
sit
wait
5.
4.
3.
씨，ro
5he 's eatina
1.
~ ..
‘
44T
an apple
2. He 3. They
Q
6.
for a bus socce r.
on the floo r. breakfast. on the table.
F3 /0
3.2 Complete the sentences. Use these verbs: b u iI d 1.
stand
stay
s 、'V lm
take
ι
뼈
빠
、
?ι
「/
n xU
댔써
「「)
/0
Rι
,
Lω
j 껴
Ai
lcave
Please be quiet. 1 'm w약샌g ” “ Where ’s ]ohn?" “ He ’s in the kitchen. He Y on my foot- ” “ Oh , I ’ m sorry-” V m in the rive r. / ’h KM m & m we at a hotel on the beach ”w w” ” a shower ” a new hotel downtown. I now. Goodbye.
ιm야 괴페 ’댄 꺼
2
cook
3.3 Look at the picture. Write sentences about Jane. Use She's + -ing or She isn'f + -ing. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
(have dinner) ---.J ane isn't havinø...와쁘양 (watch television) 5h감 watchinι표E댄띄n. (sit on the floor) She (read a book) (play the piano) (l augh) (wear a hat) (write a letter)
Jan e
3.4 What’s happening now? Write true sentences. f'm not washin9 my hair. (I / wash / my hair) /t lsnt snowlna It 's snowin9 2 (it / snow) OR 3 (I / sit / on a chair) 4 (I / eat) 5 (it / rain) 6 (1 / study / English) 7. (1 / listen / to music) 8. (the sun / shine) 9. (1 / wear / shoes) 10. (1 / read / a newspaper)
7
are you doing? (present continuous questions) What are you doing ? Ì ’‘’
Question
Positive
am
am he she
doing working • gomg staymg , et c.
•
IS
1t 、'V e
are
you they
•
IS
he she 1t
are
we you they
doing? working? going ? staymg pr, etc
“ Are yo u feeling OK?" “ Yes , I ’ m fìne , thanks." “ Is it raining?" “ Yes , take an umbrella." Why are yo u wearing a coa t? It ’s not cold “ W h at ’s Paul doing?" “ He ’s reading the newspape r." “ W h at are the children doing? " “ They ’ re watching television." Look , there ’s Emily! ￦ here ’s sh e going? Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Sue?
• •
• • •
• •
Study the word order:
+
is/are
S l써’ect
•
+ -mg
Is
he
working today?
Is
Paul
working today?
Where
are
they
going?
Where
are
those people
going? (not Where are going those people?)
(η ot
Is working Paul today?)
Short answers I’ m
am .
Yes ,
he she lt we you they
•
IS. No , are.
he ’s she ’s lt ’s
he she not .
we ’ re you ’ re they ’ re
or
No ,
Isn ’ t.
1t
、lV e
you they
aren ’ t
“ Yes , I am. "
•
“ Are yo u leaving now?"
•
“ Is Paul working today?" “ Yes , he is." “ Is it raining?" “ No , it isn ’ t." “ Are your friends staying at a hotel?" “ N 0 , they aren ’ t. They ’re staying with me."
•
•
I am
doing • Unit 3 What are you doing tomorrow? • Unit 26 questions • Units 45 -48
U N
Exercises
T
4
4.1 Look at the pictures and write the questions.
u can turn it off
it 2
「
3
l
m
r
“
” I r
l
l
7
(you / wait / for a bus?)
장
뻐
π
’ n
1
、
’
아
잉
v
6
(tha t c1 0ck / wo rk? )
m
No , not right now.
Yes , see yo u tomorrow
4 (you / e 미 o y / the movie?) __
U
3
기
No ,
(you / leave / now?)
떠
/ it?)
이
(yo u /
(n /
”v
No , it ’5 broke n
J
No , for a taxi.
4.2 Look at the pictures and complete the questions. Use: cry
eat
laugh
go
2.
What 一죄똥i쁘
reaamg
4
look at
read
Whe re
What
7
5.
Why ?
6
Wh at 7
Why ?
4.3 Make questions with these words. Put the words in the right order. •
l
끼/-껴、 ι
4 5 6 7
8
쨌 뼈 뻐
(is / working / Paul / today) /5 Paul workina today (w hat / the children / are / doing) W'h at are the children doina (yo u / are I listenin g / to l11 e) (w here / your friends I are / go ing) (a re / watching / yo ur parents / television) (what I Jessica I is / coo king) (why / you I are / lo okin g / at l11 e) (is / CO l11 i 멍 / th e bus)
?
p ? ?
p P p ?
,
?•
m
Additional exercise 3 (page
245)
「”
VOu / VOu /
m 엉
껴 j
•
Ar Ar
써 영 ιm
대
빠뼈때
4.4 Write short answers (Yes, am. I No, he ;sn'f. , et c.). A r VOu 1l N0, /'m not 4. Is it raining? / 「
3
6
Are yo u sitting on th e f1 oor? Are yo u feeling all right?
9
I do/wor kJ like, etc. (simple present)
I like ice crea m
-‘-1""
~
L
.' ...•
때
빵
They ’ re loo king at th eir books. They read a lo t
… ω”없
He S Hc I
‘
m
m
m
T h ey read / h e likes / 1 work , etc. = the simp le present: I / we / yo u/ th ey
read
like
work
live
watch
do
have
he/ she /i t
reads
likes
works
lives
watches
does
has
Re m emb er : he works / she lives / it rains , etc. • 1 work in an office. My brother works in a bank . (not M y brother wo rk) • Lucy lives in Housto n . Her parents live in C hicago. • It rains a lot in th e w inte r. 1 have • h e/ sh e /i t has : • John has lu nch at home every day.
”r
때꺼
d
γ
r M
안
-es aft er -s / -sh / -ch: ? • ·%
P
•
Lm %
빼 쨌
For sp elling , see Ap p endix 5
fi nish • fini shes try • tnes go • go es
wa tch • wa tches
W e use the simple present fo r things that are tru e in general , o r fo r things that h app en so m etimes o r all th e time: • 1 like big cities • Yo ur E nglish is good . Yo u speak very well. • T im works ve ry hard . H e starts at 7 :30 and finishes at 8 :00 at nigh t. • The ea rth goes aro u nd the sun. • We do a lo t of differe nt things in o ur free time. • It costs a lo t o f m o n ey to build a hospital. Always / never/ often/ usually/ sometimes + simpl e prese nt • Su e always gets to work early. (not Su e ge ts always) • 1 never eat brea kfas t . (not 1 ea t n eve r) • We often sleep late o n weekends. • M ark usually plays tennis o n Sundays. • 1 sometimes walk to wo rk , but n o t very o ften. don ’ t ... (negative) • Unit 6 00 you ... ? (questions) • Unit 7 I am doing and I do • Unit 8 always/usually/often , et c. (word order) • Unit 9S
I
Exercises
U N I T
5.1 Write these verbs with -s or -es. 1. (rea d) s h e 2. (think) h e
뜨으쁘
3. (f1 y)
5. (have) sh e 6. (fini sh) it
It
4. (dan ce) h e
5.2 Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use: eat
go
1. My piano.
명kγ
live
l2
play
sleep
6. Seven hours a night
5
4
3.
We love movies.
il.
ì ~h?use , |
Tennis is my favorite sport
•
1 2 3
He p lay s
the piano in a very big house. a lo t o f fruit
T hey
ten l1l s to the movies a lo t. seven ho urs a ni ght
4.
5. 6.
5.3 Complete the sentences. Use: boil 1.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10.
close
cost
cost
like
li ke
rneet
open
M ar i a 딱싹5 fo ur languages. Banks usually at 9:00 in the morning The art muse um . at 5:00 in the afternoon. Tina is a teac he r. She math to yo ung children M y job is very interes tin g. 1 a lot of people Peter ’s ca r is always dirty. H e never it. Food is expensive . It a lot of money. Sh oes are expensive. They a lot of m o ney Water at 100 degrees Cεlsius Juli a and 1 are good friends. 1 her , and she
S f) e융*-
teach
wash
me.
5.4 Write sentences from these words. Use the right form of the verb (arrive or arrives, etc.). 1. (a lways I early I Sue I arri ve) 5쁘띄찍V'5 arnve5 ear/ι 2. (to the movies I never I 1 I go) 3. (wo rk I M artina I hard I always) 4. (like I cho colate I children I usuall y) 5. Oulia I parties I enj oy I always) 6. (o ft en I peo ple ’s names I 1 I forget) 7. (television I Tim I watch I neve r) 8. (usually I dinner I we I have I at 6:30) 9 . Oenny I always I ni ce clothes I wear)
5.5 Write sentences about yourself. Use alwayslneverloftenlusuallylsometimes. 1. (wa tch TV in th e eve ning) I 과썩v watch 7v in the eveninfL 2. (rea d in bed) 1 3. (ge t up before 7:00) 4. (go to work / sc hool by bus) 5. (drink co ffee in th e 1l1 0rning)
11
I don't ... (simple present negative) T h e simple present n egative is don ’ t / doesn ’ t + verb: 「 /1
얹
땐
No. thanks. I don ’ t drink coffee ‘ ‘
ri
I don ’ t like my jo b. 상
H e doesn ’t like his j ob.
She doesn ’ t drink coffee.
Negative
Positive we yo u they he sh e 1t
• • • • • •
work like do have works likes does has
、νe
yo u th ey he sh e 1t
don ’ t (do not)
doesn ’ t (does not)
work like do have
1 drink coffee , but 1 don ’t drink tea . Su e drinks tea , but sh e doesn ’ t drink co ffee. Yo u don ’ t work very hard . We don ’ t watch television very oft en. T h e weather is usually nice. It doesn ’ t rain very oft en. Gary and Nicole don ’ t know m any p eople.
R em emb er : th ey don ’ t ... h e/ sh e /i t doesn ’ t ...
I/ we / yo u/
• • •
• •
1 don ’ t like fo o tbal l. He doesn ’ t like foo tball
1 don ’ t like Fred , and Fred doesn ’ t like m e. (η o t Fred don ’t like) My car doesn ’t use much gas. (not M y car don ’ t use) Som etimes h e is late , but it doesn ’ t h app en very often.
We use don ’ t / doesn ’ t + base f orm (do n ’t like / doesn ’t speak / doesn ’t do , etc.) : • 1 don ’ t like to wash the ca r. 1 don ’ t do it very often. • Sarah speaks Sp anish , but sh e doesn ’ t speak Italian. (not do esn ’t sp eaks) • Bill doesn ’ t do his j ob very well. (not Bill doesn ’t his j ob) • Paula doesn ’ t usu ally have breakfast. (not do esn ’t ... has)
I do/wor k! like,
et c. (simple present) • Unit 5 Do you . . . ? (simple present questions) • Unit 7
U N I T
Exercises 6.1
Write the negative.
/ don't tJ /av the tJ iano very we//
1. 1 play the piano very wel l.
2. Jane plays the piano very well 3.
They know my phone numbe r.
4.
We work very hard.
Jane They
5. Mike has a car 6.
You do the same thing every day.
6.2 Study the information and write sentences with Iike.
B1// and Rose /ike classical music
1.
Do you like . . . ?.J
웰
톰&뭘
Carol classica l music.
Bill and Rose
Carol
1. classical music?
yes
no
2.
no
yes
yes
no
boxing?
3. horror movies?
6.3
Write about yourself. Use: I never . . . or I . . . a lot 1.
3. 4.
5.
thε
You
;
3
•
I don't . .. very often.
or
I never watch πI OR / don't watch 7v very often.
(watch TV)
2. (go to
2. Bill and Rose Carol
I watch 7v a /0 t.
OR
theater)
(ride a bicycle) (eat in restaurants) (travel by train)
6.4 Complete the sentences. AII of them are negative. Use don'tldoesn ’ t + these verbs: cost
go
know
read
see
use
1. 1 buy a newspaper every day, but sometimεs 1
2. Paul has a car, but he
、!V ear
don't read
1t.
it very often to thε movie theater very 0 산 en.
3. Paul and his friends like movies , but they
4. Amanda is married , but she a ring 5. 1 much about politics. 1’ m not interested in i t.
6.
The Regent Hotel isn ’ t expensive. It
7. Brian lives near us , but we
much to stay there. him very often
6.5 Put the verb into the correct form. positive or negative. 1. Margaret 5tJ eak5 four languages - English , Japanese , Arabic , and Spanish. (speak) myjob.lt ’s very boring. (like) 2. 1 don't IIke 3. 4. 5.
“ Wherε ’s Martin?"
“ I ’ m sorry. 1
" (know)
Sue is a very quiet person. She very much. (talk) Andy a lot of coffee. 1t ’s his favorite drink. (drink)
6. 1t ’s not tru e! 1 7. That ’s a very beautiful picture. 1 8. Mark is a vegetarian. He
it l (believe) it a lo t. (l ike) meat. (eat)
13
00 you ... ? (simple present questions) We use do l does in simple present questions: Positive 씨re
you they he she lt
Do yo u play the guitar)
Question
work like do have
do
works likes does has
does
we you they
work ? like ? do ? have ?
he she 1t
Study the word order: do / does
Where How often What How much
Do Do Does do do does does
+ subject + inJi nitive yo u yo ur friends C hri s your parents you thi s word lt
work live play live ? wash lllean ? cost
on Sundays' nea r here? tennis? your hair? to f1 y to Puerto Rico'
Questions with always / usually/ ever:
What
Do Does do
always ever usually
yO ll Chris you
have call do
breakfast? yo u? on weekends?
What do you do ? = What ’s your j ob? • “ What do you do ?" “ 1 work in a bank." Remember do I/ we / you / they .. does he / shelit.
Short
Yes ,
• • •
l
I
• •
Do they like music? Does he like mu sic?
anstνers
I/ we / youlthey
do .
hel sh eli t does
No ,
I/ we / you/th ey
don ’ t
he / shelit doesn ’t
“ Do you play tennis?" “ No , I don't. " “ Do your parents speak English?" “ Yes , they do. " “ Does Gary work hard?" “ Yes , he does. " “ Does your sister live in Vancouver? " “ N 0 , she doesn ’ t. "
do/workllike , et c. • Unit 5 I don ’t ... (negative) • Unit 6 questions • Units 45 -4 8
U N
Exercises 7.1
T
1
Write questions with Do ... ? and Does ... ?
1 ?• J 끼
4.
5. 6 7 8. 9.
1 like ch ocolate. H ow about you? 1 play tennis. How abo ut you?
Do 4 ou /lke choco/ate
? p
you
You Ii ve n ea r h ere. H ow about Lu cy? Lucy Tom plays tennis. H ow about hi s friends? You speak English. H ow about yo ur brother? I d o yoga every m o rning. How about you? Sue often travels o n bu siness . H ow abo ut Pau l? I wa nt to be famous . How about yo u ? Yo u work hard. H o 'vv ab o ut Ann a'
>
p
? > >
? >
7.2 Make questions from these words + doldoes. Put the words in the right order. 1l (wh ere / live / yo ur parents) W h, ere do y ou c.J2. arents live ? 4 (yo u / ea rl y / always / ge t up) 0o vou alwavs aet uo earlv
? >
1) 껴
>
(how often / TV / yo u / watch) AT (yo u / want / what / for dinner) (like / you / footb all ) (yo ur broth er / like / football) (w h at / yo u / d o / in yo ur fre e tim e) n x u (yo ur sister / work / where) ny (to th e moviε s / eve r / you / go) 10. (w h at / mean / this word) 1 1. (o ften / snow / it / h ere) 1? (go / usually / to bed / what tim e / yo u)
?
ζJ
>
ζU
?
「/
p ; ?
p
p
?
13. (how mu ch / to ca ll M exico / it / cost) ?
14.
(yo u / for breakfast / have / usu all y / w hat) ?
7.3
Complete the questions. Use these verbs: 경-e-
do
enJoy
get
like
--
What
? • 꺼 J
、X1 h a t
time
4
•,
「 3
/0
start
H ow And yo ur hu sba nd. What
teach
work
쁘왜냉으
>
it? in the mornin g' o n Saturdays? to work? >
「/
매T hat
?
。。
hi s j o b?
I work in a bookstore.
It ’'s OK. At 9:00 Sometimes Usually by bus. He ’s a teache r. Science. Yes , he loves i t.
7.4 Write short answers (Yes , he does. I No , I don ’ t. , etc.). 0 0 you watch TV a lo t? 마ιL쁘따; 2 0 0 you live in a big city? 3 00 you eve r rid e a bi cycle? 4. Ooes it rain a lot where yo u live? 5 00 you play th e pi ano? •
Additional exercises 4-7 (pages 245-246)
OR
싹닝으
15
I am doing (present continuous) and I do (simple present)
Jac k is watching television. H e is not playing th e guitar But Jack h as a guita r. H e plays it a lo t , and he plays ve ry wel 1. Jac k plays the guitar, but h e is not playing the guitar now. No , he isn't. Yes , he does.
Is he playing th e guitar? Does he play th e guitar?
φ resent co ntiη“ o u에
(s imple present)
Present co ntinuous (1 am doing) = n ow, at th e time of speaking: I ’ m doing
past • • • • •
future
110 W
Please b e q uiet. 1’ m wo rking . (not 1 wo rk) To m is taking a sh owe r at the m Ol11 ent. (not Tom takes) Ta ke an umbrella with yo u . It ’ s ra1ning . You ca n turn off the televisio n. 1’ m n ot wa tching it Why are yo u und er the table? What are yo u doing?
Simple p κsent (1 do)
= in ge n eral , all
the ti l11 e , o r som etimes: 1 do
past • • • • •
now
futu re
1 work eve ry day fro l11 9:00 to 5:30. To m takes a sh owe r eve ry 1110rning. 1t rains a lot in the w inter 1 don ’ t watch televisio n ve ry oft en. What do yo u usually do o n weekends?
We do not us e these verbs in th e present like prefer
love hate
、'Vant
need
co ntinu o u s、
know mean
(1 am -ing)
understand believe
remember forget
U se only the simple present w ith these ve rb s (1 want / do you like? , et c.) :
• •
•
1’ 111 tired. 1 want to go h om e. (not 1’ m wa nting) “ Do yo u know that girl ?" “ Yes , but 1 don ’ t remember her na l11 e." 1 don ’ t understand. W hat do you mean ?
present continuous • Units 3-4 simple present • Units 5-7 present for the future • Unit 26
depend
Exercises 8.1
U N I T
Answer the questions about the pictures. |’ m a photographer,
2
|’ m a bus dri ver
‘
。
Ye5, he does , N0 , he isn't
Ooes h e take pho tographs' ls h e taking a pho tograph ' What is h e d o ing? He능
3,
takina a bath |’ m a wi ndow washer
4,
Ooes h e was h w ind ows' ls h e was hing a w indow? W h at is h e do ing?
8.2
15 sh e dri ving a b u s? O oes sh e dri ve a bus? What is sh e do in g?
We are teac hers ,
Are th ey teaching? 0 0 th ey teac h ? What do th ey do?
Complete the sentences with amlislare or doldon'tldoesldoesn't.
1, Exc u se l11 e , dι_ yo u sp ea k E n gli sh ? kn ow,” 2 , “ Where ’s K ate?" “ I 3 재! h a t ’s so funny? Why yo u lau ghi ng? yo ur siste r do?" “ Sh e ’s a de n tis t." 4 “ What 5 , 1t ra 111 ll1 g wa nt to go o ut in th e rain 6 “ Wh e re yo u CO l1l e fro m ?" “ Ca n ada ," 7 , H ow mu ch it cost to se n d a le tte r to Ca nada? 8 , Steve is a go od tenni s playe r, b ut h e pl ay ve ry often ,
[
8.3 Put the verb in the present continuous (1 am doing) or the simple present (1 do). 1 2
3
,
,
Exc use l11 e , _깅양쁘후양으ι_ (yo u / sp ea k) E n gli sh ? “ Wh ere ”s To m ?” ” Hes takin9 (h e / take) a sh owe r."
I don't watch
(I / no t / wa tch) television ve ry ofte n
4 , Liste n ! So m eb o dy (sin g) , 5 , Sa nd ra is tired (s h e / wa n t) to go h o m e n ow. 6 , H ow o ft e n (yo u / read) a newspa p e r? (yo u / sit) in l1l y sea t." “ O h , [ ’ m sorry ,, 7 “ Exc use m e , but 8 , 1’ 111 so rr y, (1 / n o t / und e rstand). Ca n you sp ea k 11l 0 re slowly? (1 / go) h o m e n ow 9 , 1t ’s late (yo u / co m e) w ith l1l e? 10. Wh at time (yo ur fa th e r / fini sh ) wo rk eve ry day? 11. Yo u ca n turn o ff th e radi o. (1 / n o t / liste n ) to it . 12 “ Wh ere ’s Paul ?" “ In th e kitc h e n ‘ (h e / coo k) so m e thin g." (no t / us ually / dri ve) to wo rk . H e 13. M artin (usu ally / wal k) (n o t / like) co ffee. 14. Su e (sh e / prefe r) tea
17
I have ... and I’ ve got ... You can say 1 have or 1’ ve got , he has o r he ’ s got:
1I we yo u th ey
I h ave
or
he I she I has
or
1I we have got you th ey he I she 1 has got
1
(1 ’ ve got) (we ’ ve got) (yo u ’ ve got) (th ey ’ ve got) (he ’s got) (she ’s got) (i t ’ s got)
|’ ve got a headache.
•
• .'A'
"#:,
‘
‘
l
..
、
--
shortJorm
1 have blue eyes. or 1’ ve got blu e eyes . Tim has two siste rs. or Tim has got two sisters . Our ca r has four doors. or Our ca r has got four doors. Sarah isn ’t feeling well. She has a h eadache. or Sh e ’ s got a h eadach e They like anim als. They have a h o rse , three dogs , and six cats. or T hey ’ ve got a horse
• • • • •
1 don ’ t have I 1 haven ’ t got , etc. (n 앵 e，ga띠t“lV YO l1 ca n say: I/ we / yo u / they
he / sh elit
don ’t doesn ’t
I/ we/ yo u / they
have
or
he/ she li t
haven ’ t
got
hasn ’ t
1 have a bike , but 1 don ’ t have a ca r. or 1’ ve got a bike , but 1 haven ’ t got a ca r. M r. and Mrs. Harris don ’ t have any children. or ... haven ’ t got any children. It ’s a nice h o use , but it doesn ’ t have a garage . or .. . it hasn ’ t got a ga rage. Mariko doesn ’ t have a job. or Mariko hasn't got a job.
• • • •
Do you have ... ? I Have yo u got ... ?, etc.
띠 ues tions)
You ca n say: do does • • • •
Short • •
I/ we /
yo u / they
h e/ sh eli t
have ?
or
have has
I/ we / yo l1 lth ey
got?
he/ sheli t
Do yo u have a camera? or Have yo u got a came ra? Does H elen have a car? or Has Helen got a car? What kind of car does sh e have ? or What kind of ca r has sh e got ? What do yo u have in yo ur ba g? or What have yo u got in yo ur bag? ans !νers
“ Do yo u have a camera?" “ Yes , 1 do." I “ No , I don't." or “ Have yo u go t a camera?" “ Yes , 1 have." I “ No , I haven ’ t." “ Does Anne h ave a ca r?" “ Yes , sh e does." I “ No , she doesn ’ t.” “ Has Anne got a car?" “ Yes , sh e has." I “ N 0 , she hasn 't."
had / didn ’ t have (past) • Units 11-12 have breakfast / have a headache. etc
•
or
Unit 59 some/any • Unit 77
U N I T
Exercises 9.1
Write the short form with got (we ’ ve got / he hasn't got, et c.). 1. we have got 2.
w강업약
5. it ha s got 6. 1 have not got
3.
they have got 4. she has not got
he has got
9.2 Read the questions and answers. Then write sentences about Mark. Have you got a car? Have you got a computer? Have you got a dog? Have you got a cell phone? Have you got a watch? Have you got any brothers or sisters?
2
3 4
5. 6
I
No. Yes. Mark No. No. Yes. Yes , two brothers and a sister
What about you? Write sentences with "ve got or
He hasn't 9 ot a ca r. He
2.
3. 4.
5 6
,haven
’ t got.
7.
(a computer) 8. (a dog) 9. (a bike) 10. (brothεrs / sisters)
9.3 Write these sentences with have/has or don ’ t have / doesn't have. The meaning is the same. 1. They have got two children.
2.
3. 4. 5.
6.
7. 8. 9.
She hasn ’ t got a key He has got a new job. They haven ’ t got much money Have you got an umbrella? We have got a lot of work to do. 1 haven ’t got your phone numbe r. Has your father got a car? How much money have we got?
7-hev have two chlldre n. She doesn't have a keν
9.4 Complete the sentences with do , doesn ’ t , don ’ t , got, has , or have. Sarah hasn't -ß으t a ca r. She goes everywhere by bicycle. They like animals. They have three dogs and two cats Charles isn ’ t happ y. He got a lot of problems. They don ’t read much. They have many books something in my eye." 5. “ What ’s wrong?" “ I ’ ve 1t.” 6. “ Where ’s my pen?" “ 1 don ’ t know. 1 don ’t have a ticket 7. Julia wants to go to the concert , but she
1. 2. 3. 4.
9.5 Complete the sentences. Use have/has or don't have / doesn't have with: a lot of friends a
L!_ ............ _....:1
four wheels much time
six legs a key
1’ m not feeling wel l. 1 have a heαdache 2 It’s a nice house , but it d oesn't have a bla M m 3. E v l k g T m-- H J 5. 1 can ’t opεn the doo r. 1 1.
없뼈
쩌
44T
vard
PL
6. An insect 7. HurrylWe
•
Additional exercises 5-7 (page 246)
19
was/were la st níght
now Now Rob ert is at work.
1m
H H
없없
At
am / is • • •
(present) • was (past): 1 am tired. (now) Where is Kate? (now) The weather is ni ce today.
1 was tired last night. Wh ere was Kate yesterday? The weather was nice last wee k.
are (prese nt) • were (pas t): • You are late. (now) • Theyaren ’ t h ere. (now)
Positive he she
Negative
、iV as
lt
we yo u they
Yo u were late yesterday They weren ’ t h ere last Sunday.
he she lt
was not (wasn ’ t )
、νe
、‘rere
Ques tion
was
were not (weren ’ t )
you they
、iV ere
he? she? it? we? yo u ? theyì
• • • •
Last yea r Rachel was 22 , so she is 23 n ow. When 1 was a child , 1 was afraid of dogs. We were hungry after the trip , but we weren ’ t tired The hotel was comfortable , but it wasn't expe nsive.
• • •
Was the weather nice when yo u were on vacation? Your sho es are nice. Were they expensive? Why were yo u late this m o rning?
Short answers Yes ,
IIhe / sh elit was .
we / yo u/ they were .
No ,
IIhe / sh elit wasn ’ t.
we / you / they weren ’ t
“ No , I wasn ’ t. "
l
“ Were you late?"
•
“ Was Ted at wo rk yesterday?" “ Yes , he was. " “ Were Sue and Steve at the party?" “ No , they weren't."
l
am/is/are • Units 1-2 I was doing • Unit 13
1ri
’
w
」 m얘
、‘
m
pι
ρL
-6
<(
,*‘
찌 J
ρι
\ l
3?
와
i-
-
m” m
빼
/1
뱅 따
~'o~
1K
nt
U N I T
Exercises 10.1 Where were these people at 3:00 yesterday afternoon? 4
;dζ
5
/
I
、
짧~ ‘ ‘
/
\스느r
Gary 1.
Gary
wαs
Jack
Kate
in bed
5ue
Mr. and Mrs. Hall
Ben
4.
5.
2. Jack and Kate 3. Sue
6. And you? 1
10.2 Write am/is/are (present) or was/were (past). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9
Last year she _쓰쁘_ 22 , so she IS 23 now. nice , but yesterday it Today the weather very cold. hungr y. Can 1 havε something to eat? 1 vεry tired last nigh t. 1 feel fine this morning , but 1 Wherε _ _ _ _ you at 11 :00 last Friday morning? Don ’t buy those shoes. They very expensive. it expensive? 1 like your new jacke t. This time last year 1 in Paris. “ Where the children~' ’ “ 1 don ’ t know. They hεre a few minutes ago."
10.3 Write was/were or wasn ’ t/weren ’ t. 1. 2. 3. 4 5.
We weren ’ t happy with the hote 1. Our room w쁘 Mark at work last week because he Yesterday a holiday, so the banks “ ____ Kate and Bill at the party?" “ Kate “ Where are my keys?" “ 1 don ’ t know. They not there now-,,
6. You
at home last night. Where
very small , and it w딴따 sick. He ’s better now. closed. They ’ re open today. there , but Bill on the table , but they ’ re
clean.
”
you?
10.4 Write questions from these words + was/were. Put the words in the right order. (late / you / this morning / why?)
whx were XQu late this mornin9 2
2
The traffic was bad
(difficult / your exam?) N 0 , it was easy.
3
(last week / where / Sue and Chris?) They were on vacation
4
(your new camera / how much?) One hundred and twenty do l1 ars.
5
(angry / you / yesterday / why?) Because you were late.
6
(nice / the weather / last week?) Yes , it was beautiful
21
worked/got/went , etc. (simple past)
They
뱉빨
television every night (simple present)
U
II
They l행뜨양호J television last nigh t. (simple past)
口
I
watched is the simple past: I1 we/ you / they he/ she /i t
watched
The simple past is often -ed (regular verbs). For example: work • worked clean • cleaned start -+ started • • • •
dance • danced stay • stayed need • needed
1 brush my teeth every morning. This morning 1 brushed my teeth. Terry worked in a bank from 1996 to 2003. Yesterday it rained all morning. It stopped at lunchtime. We enjoyed the party last nigh t. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people. The party ended at midnight.
“n
•
」 ω
c3
뼈‘
*‘‘ FV
뺑 뼈
For spelling , see Appendix 5. study • studied plan • planned
copy •
copied
Some verbs are irregular (= not regular). The simple past is not -ed. Here are some important irregular verbs (see also Appendixes 2-3): begin • break bring build buy catch come do drink eat
began broke brought built bought caught came did drank ate
fall • find fly forget get glve go have hear know
fell found f1 ew forgot got gave went had heard knew
leave -• left lose lost make made meet met paid pay put put read read (red) * rang nng said say sa、v see
sell • slt sleep speak stand take tell think wln wnte
*pronou ηced
• • • •
s이d
sat slept spoke stood took told thought 、N" on
、N" rote
“ red"
1 usually get up early, but this morning 1 got up at 9:30. We did a lot of work yesterday Caroline went to the movies three times last week James came into the room , took off his coat , and sat down.
was/were • Unit10 Ididn’ t / Did you ... ? (negative and questions) • Unit12
ag 。 •
Unit 18
U N I T
Exercises 11.1
11
Complete the sentences. Use a verb from the box. M합-sh
8.
end
enJoy
happen
open
raln
start
want
stay
brushed
my tee th three times yes terd ay. It was h o t in the roo m , so 1 th e w ind ow T h e m ovie w as ve ry lo n g. It at 7 :15 and at 10 :00 . Wh en 1 was a child , 1 to b e a do cto r The acc ident las t Sunday aft ernoo n. 1t ’s a ni ce d ay today, but yes terday it all day We o ur vac atio n las t year. W e at a very nice place. Anna ’s g randfa th er w h en h e was 90 yea rs o ld.
1. 1
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
die
11.2 Write the simple past of these verbs. 1. ge t 9 ot 2 . see 3 . play
4. p ay 5. vlSIt 6.
10 . know 1 1. put 12. spea k
7 . go 8. think 9. copy
bu y
11.3 Read about Li sa ’5 trip to Mexico City. Put the verbs in the correct form. AIRPORT
CH εC I(
-1 1-1
-키아
、
주즉-;::-
Last Tu esday, Lisa (1) flew fi'om Los Angeles to M exico C ity. She (?) up at 6:00 in the 1l1 0rning and (3) a cup ofcoffee. At 7: 15 sh e (4) hom e and (5) to there, sh e (7) the th e airpo r t. When sh e (6) car, (8) to the terminal, and (9) in. T h en she (10) breakfast at an airp ort café and (11) for h er f1 ight. The plane (12) on time and (13) in M exico C ity fo ur ho urs later. Finally she (14) a taxi from the airpo rt to h er ho tel downtown .
11.4 Write sentences about the past
(yeste얘ay
1. Jam es always goes to w o rk by ca r. Yesterday
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
f1 y ge t , have leave , drive get , p ark w alk , ch eck h ave , wa it d epart , arrive take
I last week , etc.).
he went to work
Rach el o타 en loses h er k eys . She Kate m ee ts h er fri ends every nigh t. Sh e 1 usu ally buy two n ewsp apers eve ry day. Yesterday 1 We o ft en go to th e m ovies o n weekends. Las t Sunday we 1 ea t an o range eve ry day. Yesterday 1 Tom always takes a sh owe r in the 1l1 0 rning . T his m o rning h e Our fri ends o ft en co m e to see us. T h ey
kVcar: las t w ee k las t ni ght
las t Frid ay.
11.5 Write sentences about what ï쁘 did yesterday. 1. I went to the theate r. 4 2.__ 3.
__ .____
Additional exercise 10 (page 248)
5 6
23
I didn ’ t . .. Did you . . . ? (simple past negative and questions) We use did in simple past negatives and qu estions :
Base Form
Posítíve
play start wa tch have
played started watched had
、lV e
you th ey he sh e
R u --o
o o o b
Do/ does (p resent) •
we yo u th ey he sh e lt
sa、v
did went
It
did
Qu 따 4κeμ s tíon
Negatíve
did not (didn ’t )
pl ay start watch have see do go
did
It
ψa띠 :
1 don ’ t watch television very often. 1 didn ’ t watch television yesterday. Does sh e go out often? Did she go out last night?
• •
싸씨
μl
이 피
따
.때
”띠
때뼈
• • •
떠
얘
We use did/ didn ’ t + baseJorm (watch/play/go , etc.) ’ m W” ,“ I I 1v a U (not 1 didn ’t wa tched) d h nr go? t [m y % m (not did they went?) / -h n he h n,t h % d M u d OP yO u
”‘
”
‘
1 played tennis yesterday, but 1 didn ’ t win. “ Did you do yo ur homework?" “ No , I didn ’ t have time." We went to the movies , but we didn ’ t enjoy the film.
Study the word order in qu estions did + subject Wh at H ow Where
Did did did did
+
your slster you th e accid ent yo ur parents
baseJorm call do happen ? go
you ? last ni ght? for vaca tion ?
Short answers Yes ,
II we/ yo u / they h e / she /i t
did .
N o,
I/ we / yo u/ they
h e / she /i t
didn ’ t. •
l
• • •
“ Did “ Did “ Did “ Did
you see Joe yesterday?" “ No , I didn ’ t. " it rain on Sunday ?" “ Yes , it did." Helen come to the party?" “ No , she didn ’t. " your parents have a goo d trip ?" “ Yes , they did. "
worked/got/went, et c. (simple past) •
Unit 11
we yo u th ey he she
play? start? wa tch? have? see? do ? go?
U N
Exercises 12.1 Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.
didn't see
1.
1 saw Barbara , but 1
2. 3. 4. 5.
They worked on Monday, but they We went to the post office , but we She had a pen , but she Jack did some work in the yard , but he
Jane. on Tuesda y. to the bank any pape r. any work in the house.
12.2 Write questions with Did . .. ?
Did you watch 7v last niaht
1. 1 watched TV last nigh t. How about you?
2. 3. 4. 5.
P P
1 enjoyed the party. How about you? 1 had a nice vacation. How about you? 1 finished work early. How about you? 1 slept welllast night. How about you?
? ?
p
12.3 What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences.
I watched
1.
(watch TV)
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
(get up before 7:00) (take a shower) (buy a magazinε) (eat meat) (go to bed before 10:30)
πI
OR
I didn't watch
π끼
1
12.4 Write B's questions. Use: cost
2.
get to work
go
A: We went
to
B: Where
did you stay
go to bed late
Chicago last month P
· ”’
A:
매Tith
A:
1 was late for the meeting
some
happen
삼 iends.
B: What ti l11 e
A: Half past nine. 3.
A:
p
A: No , 1 los t. ’
4.
A:
1 had a nice vacation.
B:
Good.Whεre
A: To the 1110untains.
wln
A:
?
1’ m tired this morning.
B:
p
A: No , but 1 didn ’t sleep very well
1 played tennis this afternoon.
B:
sta￥
5. A ’ We came home by taxi. B: How much A: Twenty dollars. 6.
P
have a nice tirne
p
7. A ’ We went to the beach yesterday. B: A ’ Yes , it was great.
P
8. A: The window is broken B: How A: 1 don ’ t know.
p
12.5 Put the verb in the correct form - positive , negative , or question. 1. We went to the 1110vies , but the film wasn ’ t very good. 매Te dldrft enlq y 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7. 8
•
it. (enjoy) Tim some new clothεs yesterday - two shirts , a jacket , and a sweate r. (buy) “ yes terday?" “ No , it was a nice da y." (rain) 매Te were tired , so we long a t the party. (stay) It was very 、Nar l11 in the roO l11, so 1 a windo w. (open) “ Did you call Chris this morning?" “ NO , I time." (have) “ 1 cut my hand this morning." “ How that?" (do) “ Why weren ’ t you at the meeting yesterday?" “ I about i t." (know)
Additional exercises 10-13 (page 248)
25
I was doing (past conti n uous) no!ν
4:00
It is 6:00 now. Paul is at home. H e is watching television.
(6:00)
At 4:00 he wasn ’t at home. He was at the gym. He was swimming in the pool. He wasn ’ t watching television.
3:30
4:00
4:15
he started
he was swimming
he finished sWlmmmg
s、i\T lmIlll n 2: ι~
:.-}
Was / were + -ing is the pas t co ntínuous:
he sh e lt
was
we yo u they • •
• • • •
Ques tion
Negative
Positive
、iVere
doing watching playing • • sWlmmlng living , etc
he sh e
not (wasn ’ t)
、iVas
It
we yo u they
、‘rere
not (weren ’ t)
doing watching playing • • sWlmmlng living , etc.
was
he sh e lt 、i\T e
、iV ere
yo u they
doing? watching ? playing? swimming? lVlng ( , etc.
W h at were yo u doing at 11 :30 yesterday? Were yo u working? “ What did h e say?" “ 1 don ’t know. 1 wasn ’ t listening." It was raining , so we didn ’ t go out. In 200 1 we were living in ] ap an. To day sh e ’s wea ring a skirt , but yesterday sh e was wearing pants. 1 woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful m orning. T h e sun was shining , and the birds were singing.
Spe llíηIg
(live
•
living / run
•
Am/ is / are + -ing (presen t) •
running / lie
I was
lying , etc.) • App endix 5
was / were + -ing (pas t):
Present • 1’ m working (now) • It isn ’ t raining (n ow). • 찌r h a t are yo u doing (now)?
was/were -• Unit 10
•
Past • 1 was working at 10 :30 last night . • It wasn ’ t raining when w e we nt out. • What were yo u doing at 3: 00?
doing and I did (past continuous and simple past) • Unit 14
U N I T
Exercises
13.1 Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3:00 yesterday afternoon? And what were they doing? Write two sentences for each picture.
蠻 1 4
總1 2
m‘ nr
u
”
배
””
빼빼
R. ache/ Was at home. She was watchina 2. Jack and Kate 3. Tim 1.
m
J
」u
I
Tracey at the station wait for a train
”
9
뼈
at home watch TV
Kate Jack at the supermarket in his car buy food 1drive
메
Rachel
繼 | 5 ”
k
π4
They
4.
5. 6. And you? 1
13.2 Sarah did a lot of things yesterday. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
I 7:10- 7:25
I 7:30-8:10
I 8:30- 9:00
I
1. At 8:45 5he 2. At 10 :4 5 5he
wα5 washina her caκ
3. At 8:00 10:15-1 1: 45 I 12:00-12 :4 5
:20-10:00
4. At 12:10 5. At 7:15
)~
<
6. At 9:30
1
13.3 Complete the questions. Use was/were -ing. Use whatlwhere/why if necessary. 1. 1 (you / live)
Where were yOU /ivlM
2. 1 (you / do) 3. 1 (it / rain) 4. 1 (Sue / drivε) 5. 1 (Tim / wear)
in 1999? at 2:00? when you got up? 50 fast? a suit yesterday?
In Brazil. 1 was asleep. No, it was sunny. Because she was late. No, a T-shirt andjeans.
13.4 Look at the picture. You saw Joe in the street yesterday afternoon. What was he doing? Write positive or negative sentences. Hi. I'm going shopping. λ끼 흩l"' ll
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
(wear / a jacket) He wasn't wearing a jacket (carry / a bag) (go / to the dentist) (eat / an ice cream cone) (carry / an umbrella) (go / home) (wear / a hat) (ride / a bicycle)
27
I was doing (past continuous) and I did (simple past) Hello
---- r/ ‘ -
‘ ’/
Jack was reading a book.
T h e phon e rang
))
He stopped reading.
co n tmu o μ5)
/
l
n
ρ
‘,
--
쩌
、
What did h e do w h en the phon e ran g? H e stopped reading and answered the phone.
I
l 1 1
때
What happened? T he p h on e rang . (simp le past) What was Jack doing w hen the pho n e rang? 1 φ ast H e was reading a book. J
H e answered the phone.
y
L 4
i l l J
h e stopp ed reading
R
‘
he was reading
Start 10:00
Pinish 11 ’ 30
Past continuo us •
A
매rh a t
were you doing at 10:30? B: We were playing tennis.
S tart 10 :00
、\、\↑//
Y
w e played completed actíon
”’
•
• • • •
1 started work at 9:00 and finished at 4:30 . At 2:3 0 1 was working . It was raining w h en we went out. (= it started raining b 야 re w e went o ut) 1 saw Lu cy and Steve this m orning. They were waiting at the bus stop. Kelly fell asleep w hile sh e was reading .
•
I did (simple past) •
-
we were playing 1finíshed acμ‘0η
Jack read a book yesrerday. (= fro m beginning to end) Did you watch th e basketball gam e on television last night? It didn ’ t rain w hile we were on vacation .
•
·me
p1h @ .
Simple past • A: What did yo u do yesterday m o rning? B: We played tennis. (from 10:00 to 1 1: 30)
뼈 」
th e phon e ran g
h e began reading
’naL
없
Jack began reading beJore th e phon e ra ng. So when the phone ran g , h e was reading
• • •
Jack was reading a book w h en the pho n e ran g. Were you watching televisio n w h en 1 called you? It wasn ’ t raining w h en 1 go t up.
Units 11-12 I was doing (past continuous) • Unit 13 while • Unit 106
U N
Exercises
14.1 Look at the pictures. Put the verbs in the correct form. past continuous or simple past. 1.
1___
1
,
1 . . I | 깅흉， I 뼈 I Ø'활 A | 빼| 1 =‘햄~
2.
Hi , Paula !
---、
sl1e roo m . She off the ladder
~~~;P.:.~7}~~vhen
(paInt) her
(떼)
The train (a rrive) at the stati o n , and Paula (get) off. Two 타i e nds o f hers, j o n and R achel, (wait) to m eet he r.
삐 태맹
Sue
m goi ng to the station. 1’
(brεa k) h er arm last wee k.
; Yesterday Sue c down th e street w h en sh e ( j am es . H e to th e stati o n to catch a train , and he (ca rry) a bag. (sto p) to T hey talk fo r a few minutes 、
Hello. James!
|1
broke
ιυ “…
3
I1 Lucy , ' I ~~ ~
14.2 Put the verb into the past continuous or simple past. 1. A: B: 2. A B: 3. A : B: 4. A: B: 5. A : ‘
B: 6.
A:
B: 7. A: B: 8. A : B: 9. A : B’
10. A: B: A:
•
What were y ou doln9 (yo u / d o) w h e n th e ph o n e _쁘땅_ (ring)? I wa , s watchin9 (wa tc h) televisio n. W as j an e bu sy w h e n yo u we nt to see h er ? Yes , sh e (s tud y) . (the m ail / a rri vε) this m o rning? What tim e (h ave) brea kfas t (com e) w hil e 1 It Was Tracey at w o rk to day ? (n o t / go) to wo rk. Sh e was sick. N o , sh e H ow fas t
(yo u / dri ve) w h e n the p o li ce (stop ) yo u ? I ’ m n o t sure , but [ (n o t / dri ve) ve ry 더 s t. (yo ur tea m / w in) th e b aseball game yes te rday? N o , the wea th er was ve ry bad , so we (not / play). H ow (yo u / b rea k) th e w indo w ? We (play) base b al l. 1 (hit) th e ball (break) the w indow and it (you / see) J e nn y Jas t night? Yes , s h ε (wea r) a ve ry nice j ac ke t (yo u / do) at 2 :00 thi s m o rning? What I was asleep. (Iose) m y key Jast n igh t. I (yo u / ge t) in to yo ur apartm e nt ? H ow (cl imb) in throu g h a w indow. I
Additional exercises 14-- 15 (pages 249- 250)
29
I used to ... Dave
aJeψ yea η
ago
Dave today
I work in a factory.
I work in a supermarket I used to work in a fac tory.
000 。 。
￠
Dave Dave used to work in a factor y. Now he works in a supermarket Dave used to work in a factory. work there now:
he worked in a factory before , but he doesn ’t
he used to work
he works
past
now
You can say 1 used to work ... / she used to have ... / they used to be ... , etc. I/ yo u / we/
they he / she /i t
used to
be work have play , etc. I used to have very long hair
• • • •
•
When 1 was a child , r used to like chocolate. 1 used to read a lot of books , but 1 don ’ t read much these days. Liz has short hair now, but it used to be very long. They used to live on the same street as us, so we used to see them a lot. But we don ’t see them very often these days. Helen used to have a piano , but sh e sold it a few yea rs ago.
The negative is 1 didn ’ t use to . • When 1 was a child , 1 didn ’ t use to like tomatoes. The question is did you use to ... ? • Where did yo u use to live b efore yo u came h ere?
。
We use used to ... only for the past. You cannot say “ 1 use to ..." for the present: • 1 used to play tennis. T h ese days 1 play gol f. (not 1 use to play golf ) • We usually get up early. (not We use to ge t up early)
U N I T
Exercises 15.1 Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with used to ....
1’ m a hairdresser now
, -’ ‘
-‘
&
민 」
-
… -
Afew yeaη ago
ρL
She used to have
、
-
2
뼈
H
*
Uv1
필
빼
This is me a few years ago 1
’
mu l
3.
뼈 빼 빠빼
long hair.
a taxi dri ve r.
We live in New York City now.
빼ι 뼈4
빠짧
baseball.
풍굉
-
5
4
6. This building
in the country
15.2 Karen works very hard and has very little free time. A few years ago , things were different.
Do you play any sports?
웹
D o VJo u
뼈 때빼 뼈
Do you go out much? Pi1ll
I j
m
1·
n
「/·(/--/
。
E U y u -J Do yo u •L
m mm k o
Yes , 1 swim every day, and 1 play volleybal l. Yes , three or four nights a week. Yes , the guitar Yes , 1 read a lo t. Yes , 1 take two or three tnps a yea r.
Write sentences about Karen with
5he used to swim every
1.
2. She 3
I work very hard at my job. I don ’ t have any free time
used to
daι
volleyball.
Karen afew
yea η αrgo
Kare l1
1I 0W
.
4 5. 6.
15.3 Complete these sentences. Use used to or the simple present (1 play / he lives , et c.). 1. 1 used to f) laY tεnnis. 1 stopped playing a few years ago.
…
vi
「/
끼 d
1이
l
앵
카
2 “ Do you play any sports?" “ Yes , 1 껴낌ι basketball." 3 m Lu % Q ” “ No , I one , but 1 sold i t." G 4, e a waite r. Now he ’s thε manager of a hotel F3 by train." “ Do you go to work by car?" “ Sometimes , but most days 1 6. When 1 was a child , 1 never meat , but 1 eat it no w. 7. Mary loves to watch T V. She TV every night 8. We near the airport , but we moved downtown a few years ago. 9. Normally 1 start work at 7:00 , so 1 up very earl y. 10. What games you when you were a child?
31
Have you ever ... ?
Have you been to Mexico City? Yes , I have. Man y times *
Have you ever been to Japan? ‘-“
No , I’ ve never been to Ja pan
Have been / have driven / have played , etc. , is the
we yo u th ey he sh e lt
have (’ ve) have not (haven ’ t )
has (’s) has not (hasn ’ t )
R egular verbs
have
、Ne
yo u they hε
has
sh e lt
peifect (have + past participle) : played ? lived? visited? read?
regular verbs
lost? been? flown ?
irregular
νe rb s
T h e p as t participle is - ed (the sam e as the simple pas t) p lay
Irregula r verbs
played lived visited read lost been flown
p reseη t
live
1 h ave played
•
•
1 have li ved
vlSlt
•
sh e h as visited
T h e pas t participle is n o t - ed Som etimes the pas t p arti ciple is the sa m e as the simpl e pas t: b uy
1 bought / 1 h ave bought
•
have
h e had / h e h as had
•
So m etimes the pas t p articiple is different (see App endixes 2-3). break
•
[
broke / [ have broken
see
•
yo u saw / yo u h ave seen
W e use th e present perfec t w h en we talk about a time from the past until n ow , fo r example , a p ε r so n ’s life. Have you ever been to ]apan?
time fro 111 the past until
no !ν
past
now “ N o , I haven ’t. ”
•
“ Have yo u been to Fra n ce?"
• •
W e ’ ve been to Ca nada , but we haven ’ t been to Alaska M ary is an interesting p erso n. Sh e has had m any different j obs and has lived in m any places 1’ ve seen that wo m an b ε fo re ， but 1 can ’t rem emb er where. H ow m any times has Brazil won th e W o rld C up ? “ Have you read this bo ok?" “ Yes , I ’ ve read it twice." (twice = two times)
• • •
Present peifect + ever (in qu esti o ns) and never : “ Yes , o n ce." (once
= on e
l
“ Has Ann ever been to Australia?"
time)
l
“ Have yo u ever played gol f? "
• • •
M y sister has never traveled by pl an e 1’ ve never ridden a ho rse “ Who is that m an ?" “ 1 don ’t know. 1’ ve never seen hirn befo re."
“ Yes , 1 play a lo t."
present perfect • Units 17-18 present perfect and simple past • Units 19-21
irregular verbs • Appendixes 2-3
U N
Exercises
T
16.1 You are asking Helen questions beginning with Have you ever ... ? Write the questions.
1 2 3
H ave vou ever been to Montrea/ 2 H ave vou ever o/aved ao/f2 Have
「/
(M o ntrea P ) (play / go lf?) (So uth Ko rea)) 4. (l ose / yo ur pass po rt?) 5 (fl y / in a h eli co pter?) 6 (win / a race?) (Peru )) n xu nγ
(drive / a bus?) (break / yo ur leg?)
No , neve r. Yes , many times. Yes , once No , never. Yes , a few times N o , never. Yes , twice. No , never Yes , once.
16.2 Write sentences about Helen. (Look at her answers in Exercise 16.1.) 1 i (Peru ) 5he's been to Peru twice 끼/- 꺼1)
(So uth Ko rea) She (win / a rac e) 4 . (fl y / in a heli copter) Now write about yourself. How often have you done these things? ζJ
「/
(New Yo rk) 1 /0 (play / tennis) (drive / a tru ck) 8. (b e / late fo r wo rk o r sc hool)
16.3 Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done? htt￥e
do travel
all o v er the world - __ __ _
“““‘J
!cr _ ___ ‘ .. _ L _ ‘ ... ‘ ‘ “ ‘ J-- ~ ..J
10 books
i
a lot of interesting things a lot of interesting people married three time s
She has had manv different /obs
1.
?
be wnte meet
She
3. 4. 5 6
16.4 Put the verbs in the present perfect. /1/e see n (1 / see) th at wo m an b efo re , but 1 can ’ t rem emb er her nam e ? 4 H ave vou ever o/aved (yo u / ever / pl ay) go lf?" “ Yes , 1 pl ay golf a lot." “ j 껴
(yo u / eve r / write) a poe m ?" “ Yes , in hi gh sc hoo l." (s he / neve r / m ee t) him." 4. “ Do es E mma know Sam?" “ N o , 5. Ann and Eli have lo ts of b oo ks, and (th ey / rea d) all of th em . 6. (1 / neve r / be) to Aus trali a , but (my bro th er / b e) there twi ce 7 Joy ’s favo rite m ovie is HOlllard and Belinda. (she / see) it fi ve times , but (1 / n eve r / see) it (1 / trave l) by pl an e , bus , and train ‘ So med ay, 1 wa nt to take a 8 trip by boa t. •
“
Additional exercises 16-18 (pages 250-2 51)
33
How long have you ... ?
Jane is on vacation in Brazi l. She is there now.
Since Monday
She arrived in Brazil on Monday Today is Thursday.
How long have you been in Brazil?
How long has she been in Brazil? She has been
I since in Brazil i
Monday l for three days.
Compare is and has been: She is in Brazil now. 애
u
-m B
앙
k
뼈
u
잃
3’ h e L
r
U
IS
lr ! l J I l
= present
’
since Monday --‘ for three days.
has been
= present pe야ct
now Thursday
Monday
Compare:
They have been married for five years (not They are married for five years.)
Are yo u married?
How long have you been married? (not How long are yo u married?)
Do yo u know Lisa?
How long have yo u known her? (no t How long do yo u know her?)
1 know Lisa.
I ’ ve known her for a long time. (not 1 know her for ... )
Vera lives in Brasília.
How long has sh e lived in Brasília? She has lived there all her life h gb ]} VJ m y m Q ’ ?· I, n m J 얘
1 때
1 have a ca r.
뼈 테
Dan and Kate are married
빼
Prcsent pe까ct (have been / have lived / have known , etc.)
빼빼
Simple present
i
Prese /1.t co /1 tin “ous
Present peifect conti‘”“。“5 (have been + -ing)
I ’ m studying German.
How long have yo u been studying German? (not How long are yo u studyi ng German?) I ’ ve been studying German for two years.
David is watching T V.
How long has he been watching TV? He ’s been (= He has been) watching TV since 5:00.
It ’s raining.
It ’s been (= It has been) raining all day
for and since • Units 18, 105
U N
Exercises
T
7
17.1 Complete these sentences. has been have known
1. Jane is in Brazi l. She
1 know Lisa. 1
2.
there since Monday her for a long time. married since 1999
3. Sarah and Andy are married. They 4 Brian is sick. He
sick for the last few days. there for a long time.
6 7
li
in a bank for five years. a headache since he got up
멍
8
……
빽뺑 ν
We live on Main Stree t. We Catherine works in a bank. She Alan has a headache. He •t m PL l n’h I r--, m m
5
English for six months
17.2 Make questions with How long ... ? 1.
2. 끼、 ι 44T
RJ /0 「/
17.3
1.
H ow /ona has she been on vacation
Jane is on vacation. Scott and Judy are in Brazi l. 1 know Amy. Diana is studying Italian. My brother lives in Seattle. I ’ m a teache r. It is raining.
We ’ re married
2. I live in South Korea.
p ?
How long How long
P
you
? ? ?
p
5
4
3
We ’ re on vacatlon ‘
I'm waiting
6.
The sun is shining
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with: for 10 minutes
a11 day since he was 20
all her life since Sunday
7nev have been married for 10 vears 2
She 3. They 4 The sun 5. She 6 He
17.4 Which is righ t? 1
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9 •
Mark-l핸es
/ has lived in Canada since Apri l. (has /i ved is right) Jane and 1 are friends. 1 know / 1’ ve known her very well Jane and 1 are friends. 1 know / 1’ ve known her for a long time. A: Sorry 1’ m late. How long are vou waiting / have vou been waiting? B: Not long. Only five minutes. Martin works / has worked in a hotel now. He likes his job a lot. Ruth is reading the newspape r. She is reading / She has been reading it for two hours. “ How long do vou live / have vou lived in this house?" “ About 10 years." “ Is that a new coat?" “ No , I have / 1’ ve had this coat for a long time." Tom is / has been in Seattle right now. He is / He has been there for the last three days.
Additional exercises 16-18 (pages 250-25 1)
35
for
slnce
ago
For and since
l/{||lr Jan e is in Brazil. Sh e has been th ere 4 --
•
J
U
%3 ‘ F
l i
‘,‘ W v “
•L
KU
‘ since Monday.
때
////t
C3
(
d
od
얹
‘.‘h %
+a
야
m tr
여
야 . 야
”
mR i
i
Lπ
? A
long
야
h O lν
We use for and since to say
m
We use since + the start of the period (Monday / 9:00 , et c.)
start oJ the period for three days M o nday Monday
Tu esday
Wednesday
past
now
past
no μ/
•
for three days an hour a week a month fìve years
• • •
since Monday
slnce
10 minu tes two h o urs four weeks six month s a long time
R ich ard has been in Canada for six months . (not since six months) We ’ ve b een waiting for two hours . (not since two h o urs) I ’ ve lived in C hicago for a long time.
Monday 9:00 Ju ly 4th Jan uary 1995
• • •
Wednεsday
12:30 my bir th day 1 was 10 years old we arr ived
R ichard h as b een in Ca nada since january. (= from January to now) We ’ ve b een waiting since 9:00 (= fro m 9 :00 to n ow) I ’ ve lived in C h icago since 1 was 10 years old.
Ago ago = • • • •
、、
b efore n ow: Susan started h er n ew j o b three weeks ago. (= three weeks befo re n ow) “ W h en did Tom leave?" “ Ten minutes ago ." (= ten minutes b efo re now) 1 had dinn er an hour ago. Life was ve ry differen t a hundred years ago .
We use ago w ith th e pas t (started / did / had / was , et c.) Comp are ago and for : • When did Jan e arrive in Brazil? She arrived in B razil three days ago . • How long has sh e been in Brazil? Sh e has been in B razil for three days.
present perfect + for/since • Unit 17 from/until/since/for • Unit 105 for and during • Unit 106
U N
Exercises 18.1 Write for or since. 1 ‘ j an e h as b een in Brazil
5쁘똥_
M o nday. 2. ] an e h as bee n in Brazil -1J뜨_ three days
15 yea rs.
3 . M y aunt h as lived in Au stra lia
4. ] ennifer is in h er o ffì ce . Sh e has been there 7:00 182 1 5. M exico h as b ee n an independent co untry 6. The bu s is late. W e ’ ve been w aiting 20 minutes 7. N ob o dy lives in those h o uses. Th ey h ave b ee n empty many yea rs. 8. Mich ael h as been sick a lo n g time. H e h as bee n in th e h ospital Oc to ber
18.2 Answer these questions. Use ago. 재 ree
1. Wh en was the las t time yo u ate?
2. Wh en 3. When 4. When 5. Wh en
was the las t time was the las t time was thε las t time was the last time
yo u yo u yo u yo u
we re we nt we re we nt
hours aao
sick ? to th e movies? in a car? o n vac ation?
18.3 Complete the sentences. Use for or ago with these words.
i
1. j an e arrive d in Brazil t샌ξ쁘짝.f!.g o. 2. j an e h as been in Brazil _ψr three daνs 3. Lynn and M ark h ave bee n m arri ed 4. Lynn and M ark go t m arri ed
Da n arrived 6. 1 bo u ght th ese sh oes 7. Silvia h as been studying E n gli sh 8. H ave yo u known Lisa 5.
?
(three days) (three days) (20 yea rs) (20 yea rs) (an h o ur) (a few days) (six m o nth s) (a lo n g time)
18.4 Complete the sentences with for or since. 1. (J an e is in Brazil - sh e arri ved there three days ago)
l ane has been in Brazil f뜨펴gζ쁘x::s 2. (J ac k is h ere - h e arri ve d o n Tu esday) ] ac k h as 3. (I t ’s rai l1 in g - it started a l1 h o ur ago) It ’s bee n 4. (1 know Su e - 1 m et h er in 2002) I ’ ve 5. (C laire and M atthew are m arri ed - they go t m arried six m Ol1 ths ago) C laire and M atth ew h ave 6 . (Li z is stud ying m edicine at th e unive rsity - sh e started three yea rs ago ) Li z h as 7. (David plays th e pian o - h e started w h en h e was seve n yea rs old) David h as
18.5 Write sentences about yourself. Begin your sentences with: I ’ ve lived . .. 1’ ve been . .. 1’ ve been studying . .. 1’ ve known . .. 1’ ve had . /'ve lived in th is town f익쁘쁘잉쩍뜨 1 이 /- 끼 j
에
A
J .
•
Additional exercises 16-18 (pages 250-251)
37
I have done and I did (present perfect and simple past 1) u
’ /
、
、 、
、、
His car is dirty.
야
We use the present p erfec t fo r an actíon ín th e past w ith a result η o w : • 1’ ve lost my pass po r t. (= 1 can 't find my passport η ow) • “ Where ’'s R eb ecca?" “ She ’s gone to b ed." (= sh e is in b ed η ow) • We ’ ve bought a n ew ca r. (= w e have a n ew car now) • It ’s Rachel’s birthday to m o rrow, and 1 haven ’ t bought h er a prese nt. (= 1 do n ’ t h ave a prese nt fo r h er η ow) • “ B ob is away o n vacatio n." “ O h , w h ere has h e gone ?" (= w here is h e • Have yo u lllet my brother , o r sh o uld 1 introdu ce you ? • 1 was a very slow typist in coll ege , but 1’ ve gotten faster
mf
e
m
m h m
n otν?)
U sually yo u can also use the simple p ast (he washed / 1 lost , et c.) in these situ atio ns. So yo u can say: l “ Where ’s yo ur key?" “ I ’ ve lost i t." or “ 1 lost it." • “ Is Pet er h ere?" “ N o , h e ’s gone h o m e." or “ H e went h o m e." • W e ’ ve bought a n ew ca r. or We bought a new ca r. W e use o nly the simple past (n o t the present p erfect) with a Jinished time (yesterday , last week , etc.). • 1 lost my key yesterday. (not 1 h ave los t) • W e bought a n ew car last wee k. (not we have b o ught)
simple past • Units 11-12 present perfect • Units 16-18 present perfect and simple past • Units 20-21
뼈
m
’
%
따
h
뼈
야
They are going ou t.
H e has washed his ca r. (= his car is clean no!ν)
πω μ「
T h ey are at home.
H e is washing his ca r.
Exer다 19.1
U N I T
Look at the pictures. What has happened? Use the present perfect. Choose from: go to bed
, .. “
heJore
stop ralnlng
1.. 1..‘- - - ‘
”“~.““‘
“‘
close the door
fall down
take a shower
now
-•
、
,
/
、‘
•
/
She has washed her ca r.
2. 6-
권
He
3.
T hey
에빼띨블난~q‘l
4‘
: @E ’
‘
‘ .......... r
~’ ‘- -누..“~ ~
’ 5 He
6 T he
19.2 Rewrite the sentences that have lmderlined verbs. Use the present perfect. 1. Lee Ming isn 't here. He 뾰 nt h o m e. 2.
브섭김흑-9one
home.
1 don ’t nee d to call th em. 1 wro te them a letter‘
3. Karen ’s not co min g to th e pa rty. She 얀약e her ar m 4. My bro th er and his wife do n ’ t live here any more. T hey
”
……
띠
qm
댔
m
Seattl e.
LM
뻐
R
ιμ
‘‘
m
μ
u 」 r
<
u
뼈 때뼈m - -째 p
-N
Vι
7
‘
。
D-D
e- a nn 。
」u - ; -Vι
’
I l
n-U띠버--띠
5 6
핀으X효 d to
?
Now rewrite these present perfect sentences in the simple past. 8. I 'v트브으므르 the shoppi ng l did the shopplng 9. Brian 쁘묘싹e n my bike aga in with out asking 10 뀐묘e yo u 띤피 yo ur fri ends th e goo d news) 11. We have n ’ t pald th e elec tri c bil l. ‘
39
just, alreadμ and yet (present perfect and simple past 2) = a short
Just
time ago
Hi! Come in .
We use just with the present perfect or the simple past. • A: Are Diane and Paul here? B: Yes , they ’ ve just arrived. or Yes, they just arrived. • A: Are you hungry? B: No , 1’ ve just had dinne r. or 1 just had dinner • A: 1s Tom h ere? B: No , sorry, he ’ s just left. or H e just left. Al ready
= before
you expected / before 1 expected
We u se already with the present perfect or th e si n:ψ le past. • A: 찌T h a t time are Diane and Paul coming? B: They ’ ve already arrived. or They already arrived • It ’s only 9:00 and Anna has already gone to bed. or ... Anna already went to bed. (= b efo re 1 expected) • A: Jon , this is Emma B: Yes , 1 know. We ’ ve already met. or 재!e already met .
= until
Yet
They have just arrived
Jo n, this is Emm a.
Yes , I know. We ’ ve already me t.
n ow
We use yet with the present perfect or the simple past. We use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually at the end. yet
111 η egatlve
•
•
•
yet
111
•
•
A : Are Diane and Paul h ere? B: No , they haven ’t arrived yet. or .. they didn ’ t arrive yet(but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon) A: Does James know that yo u ’ re going away? B: No , I haven ’ t told him yet. or 1 didn ’ t tell him yet. (but B is go ing to tell him soo n) Silvia has bought a new dress , but she hasn ’t worn it yet. or ... she didn ’t wear lt yet.
q“estwns A: Have Diane and Paul arrived yet? B:
A: B:
l
sentences
A: B:
The fi lm hasn ’ t started yet Oh , it’5 nice , Have you worn it yet ? This is my new dress
or
Did Diane and Paul arrive yet? N 0 , not yet. We ’ re still waiting for them Has Nicole started h er n ew job yet? or Did Nicole start h er new job yet? No , she ’'s star ting next week. This is my new dress Oh , it ’s nice. Have yo u worn it yet? or Did you wear it yet?
’{ **--즈(
present perfect • Units 16-18 present perfect and simple past • Units 19, 21
still , yet, and already • Unit 96
Exercises Write a sentence with just for each picture. ’h
u
띠
”
디
4 --
뼈
20.1
T1
U N
”v
4
3
2.
a
This is ou r new car
WE 싸
CARS
3. Th ey 4. Th e race 20.2 Complete the sentences. Use already + present perfect. 1.
2. 3. 4.
5 6
What time is Paul arriving? Do your friends want to see the movie? Don ’ t forget to call Tom. When is Martin going to work? Do you want to read the newspaper? When does Sarah start her new job?
He's alread‘ y arrived N o , th ey
lt .
He
I She
20.3 Rewrite these sentences. Use the present perfect. 1. Did Sarah start h er new j o b ye t?
2. 3. 4. :' . 6. 7.
H as Sarah started her new lob vetz
D id vou tel1 your father abo ut th e a cc idεnt ye t? μ딱냥댄 a big dinner , so 1’ m n o t hungr y. J enny can wa tch TV beca use sh e alrea dy did h er h o m ewo rk. Yo u ca n 't go to b ed - yo u didn ’t bru sh your t eeth ye t Yo u can ’ t talk to Pete beca use h e lu st we nt h o m e. Ni cole iust Qot out o f th e h ospital , so sh e can ’ t go to wo rk.
Now rewrite these sentences in the simple past. 8. Have vou given th e pos t o ffi ce o ur new address ye t?
Did vou aive the oost office our new address vet 2 9. 10 . 1 1. 12.
Th e mail carri er h as n ’ t C0111 e ye t 1’ ve just spoken to yo ur slste r. H as M ario bOUQht a new co mputer ye t? TI'e d and Ali ce h ave n ’ t told anyo n e they ’ re getting m arri ed ye t.
13 . W e, ’ ve alreadv d o ne o ur pac king fo r o ur trip. 14. 1’ ve Just swum a 111ilε. 1 fee l g rea t! 20.4 Write questions with the present perfect and yet. 1. Yo ur
산 iend
ha s a new j o b. Perhaps she has started i t. Yo u as k h er
H ave vou started vour new lob vet 2 2. Yo ur fri end h as so m e new n eighb o rs. Mayb e h e h as m et th em .You ask him : yo u 3 . Yo ur fri end has to pay h er pho n e bill. Perh aps sh e h as paid i t. Yo u as k h er:
?
?
4. T0 111 was trying to sell hi s ca r. M aybe h e has so ld it. Yo u as k a fri end ab o ut To m. ?
41
l ’ ve lost my key. I lost my key last week. (present perfect and simple past 3) Some times yo u can use the present perfect (1 have lost I h e has gone , et c.) or the simple past (1 lost I h e went , et c.). l
“ Is Peter here?"
“ No , h e ’s gone hom e."
or
“ N 0 , he went h ome."
B ut w ith a finish ed time (yesterday I last week , etc.) , we use only the simple past (n ot the present p erfec t).
simp le past
I
yesterday last week. at 3:00 m
yesterday last week six months ago fηish ed time
m
s
쩡
없
뼈
We arriv ed
+ fini shed time
0
past
now
Do not use the prese nt perfect (have arrived I have done I have been , et c.) w ith a finish ed time: • 1 saw Paula yesterday . (not 1 have see n) • W h ere were you on Sunday afternoon ? (not W h ere have yo u been) • We didn ’ t take a vaca tion last year . (not We haven ’ t taken) l “ W hat did you do last night?" “ 1 stayed at home." • W illi am Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616 . He was a w ri te r. He wrote m any plays and poems. Use th e simple past to ask When ... ? or What time ... ? • When did you buy yo ur computer? (not W h en have yo u bo ugh t?) • What time did Andy go out? (not W hat time has Andy gone out?) Compare:
Present perfect or simple past • 1 have lost my key. or 1 lost my key. (= 1 can't find it η Otν) • Ben has gone home. or Ben went home. (= he isn ’t here noψ) • Have you had lunch? or Did you have lunch? T h e letter hasn ’ t arrived yet. or The letter didn ’ t arrive yet
•
Present perfect only
Simple past only
time until now now past • Have yo u ever been to Spain? (= in your life , until η ow) • My friend is a write r. He has written many books. • T h e letter hasn ' t arrived yet. • We ’ ve lived in Boston for six years. (= we live there now)
꺼nish ed
time
past
now
•
Did yo u go to Spain last year?
•
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) wrote many plays and poems The letter didn ’ t arrive yesterday. 재re lived in Chicago for six years , but now we live in Boston.
• l
present perfect • Units 16-18 present perfect and simple past •
U 미 ts
19-20
U N
Exercises 21.1
T
11
Complete the answers to the questions. Have you had lunch? 2. 3. 4
5
Have you started your new job? Have your friends arrived? Has Sarah gone out? Have you worn your new suit?
Yes , I had Yes, I Yes, they Yes , Yes ,
it
an hour ago. last week on Friday. at 5:00. yesterday.
21.2 Are these sentences OK? Correct the verbs that are wrong. (The verbs are underlined.) 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 21.3
I've 브뜨 my key. 1 ca n 't find i t. Have vou seen Kate yesterday? 1’ ve finished my work at 2:00. 1’ m ready now. 1’ ve finished my work. What time have vou finished your work? Sue isn ’ t here. Shζ.Lg으므효 ou t. Steve ’s grandmother h딱끽l역 two years ago. Where have vou been last night?
OK
Did you see
Put the verb in the present perfect or past. 1. My friend is a write r. He
wntten
(write) m.any books. 2. W，ε d idn't take (not / take) a vaca tion last year. 3. 1 (play) tennis yesterday aftεrnoon. 4. What time (yo u / go) to bed last night? (you / ever / meet) a famous person? 5 (not / be) very good yesterday 6. The weather (visit) many countries. 7. Kathy travels a lot. She (turn) off the light before leaving this morning. 8. 1 (live) in Mexico for many years. 9.1liveinNεw York now, but 1 (not / be) there." 10. “ What ’s Peru like? Is it beautifuP ' ’ “ 1 don ’t know. 1 h05
21.4 Put the verb in the present perfect or past. 1.
A: Have vou ever been (you / ever / be) to Florida? B: Yes , we went (go) there on vacation two years ago. (you / have) a good time? A: (be) great B: Yes , it
2. A ’ What does your friend do? B: She ’s a painte r. She (win) many prizes for her paintings. A: (yo u / see) any of her paintings? B: Yes , 1 (see) some of her work last week 3.
(have) a lot of different jobs. Rose works in a factory, but she (be) a waitress in a restauran t. After that , she Five yεars ago she (work) on a ranch , but she (not / enjoy) it very much
4. A: Do you know Martin ’s sister? B: 1 (see) her a few times , but 1 (you / ever / spεak) to her? (never / speak) to her (meet) h er at a party last week. She ’s very I11 ce A: Yes. 1
•
Additional exercises 19-23 , 29-31 (pages 252-254, 257-259)
43
is done
was done (passive 1)
The office is cleaned eve ry day. Th e office was cleaned yesterday.
Co mpare ac tive and p assive: Som ebo dy cleans the office every day.
(activ잉
The office is cleaned every day.
φ ass lV이
Som ebo dy cleaned 쁘~ office yesterday. φctiv이
-
The office was cleaned yesterday.
(passivψ
The passive is:
past participle simple preseηt simple past
am / is / are was / were
(not)
+
cleaned invented injured
done built taken , etc
The past participle of regular verbs is -ed (cleaned/ damaged , etc.) For a list of irregular past participles (done / built/ taken , et c.), see Appendixes 2-3. • • • •
Butter is made from milk. Oranges are imported into Canada. How often are these rooms cleaned? I am never invited to parties.
• • • •
This house was bui 1t 100 years ago. These houses were built 100 years ago. When was the telephone invented? We weren ’ t invited to the party last week. “ Was anybody injured in the accident?" “ Yes , two people were taken to the hospita l."
•
Was / were born • I was born in Colombia in 1989. (rlO t I am born) • “ W h ere were yo u born ?" “ In Cairo."
Passive + by • • •
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. (= Alexander Gra ham Bell invented it) I was bitten by a dog a few days ago. Do you like these paintings? They were painted by a friend of mine .
is being done / has been done • Unit 23 irregu lar ve rbs • active and passive • Appendix 1
Unit 25 , Appendixes 2-3 by •
Unit112
U N I T
Exercises 22.1
I
Write sentences from these words. Some of the sentences are questions. Sentences 1-7 are present. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
(the office / clean / every day) 교효으센ce is cleaned evecì'-띤x (these rooms / clean / every day?) A re these rooms cleaned eveι쁘ι2 (glass / make / from sand) Glass (stamps / sell / in a post office) (this word / not / use / very often) (we / allow / to park here?) (how / this word / pronounce?)
Sentences 8-15 are past. 8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12. 13. 14. 15.
(the office / clean / yesterday) Thζ-2.ftice was cleaned g딱쩍ι (thε house / paint / last month) The house (my phone / steal / a few days ag이 (three people / injure / in the accident) (when / this bridge / build?) (1 / not / wake up / by the noise) (how / these windows / break?) (you / invite / to Jon ’s party last week?)
22.2 These sentences are not correct. Correct them. 1. ( Th1s house bu1l y 100 years ago.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
This house was built 100
똥으팍요양;
Soccer plays in most countries of the world. Why did the letter send to the wrong address? A garage is a place where cars repai r. Where are you born? How many languages are spεaking in Switzerland? Somebody broke into our house , but nothing stolen When was invented the bicycle?
22.3 Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs: 라e율 n
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
damage
find
give
invite
make
make
show
steal
4와g
The room I.s cleaned every da y. 1 saw an accident yesterda y. Two people were taken to the hospita l. Paper from wood There was a fire at the hotεI last week. Two of the rooms to me bv a friend of mine." “ Where did you get this picturε? ” “ It Many British programs on American television. “ Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?" “ No. They , but they didn ’t go ” “ How old is this movie?" “ It in1965." My car last week , but the next day it by the police.
22.4 Where were they born? 1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
M akoto was born in To싹 (Makoto / Tokyo) Isabel (Isabel / São Paulo) (her parents / Rio de Janeiro) Her (you / ???) (your mother / ?η )
45
has been done (passive 2)
being done
IS
Is I are being ... (present •
cont inu o μ 5
pass ive)
‘
‘ •
‘ ‘
Som ebo dy is painting the
doorι
띠 ctíve)
「
T h e di;괴 is being painted t
‘
-
(p assive)
‘ .
-
“
-
• •
M y car is at th e garage. It is being repaired . (= som eb ody is rep airing it) So m e n ew h ouses are being bui1t across from the park . (= som ebo dy is building them)
Comp are the present continu ous passive and simple presεn t passlve : p resenπt co 아nμtμi”1nM 1 • T h e offi ce is being cleaned right now. (ψ T h e offi ce is cleaned every day. (si m η1p le presen t pass ψ i!veψj In the U nited States , foo tb all gam es are usually played on weekends, but no big ga m es are being played n ext weekend
•
Fo r the p resent co ntinu o us and simple present , see Units 8 and 26 . Has / have been . . .
(p rese η t
peifect
pass iνe)
Someb ody has painted the door l. 띠ctiv잉 명
"'\l
=그 그
• • • •
亡그 그
r=
T뇨ξA으요[] has been painted
WET
PAINt
M y key has been st이 en. (= som ebo dy has stolen it) M y keys have been stolen. (= so m ebo dy has stolen them) I ’ m n ot go ing to th e p arty. I haven ’ t been invited. (= n ob ody has invited m e) Has this shirt been washed ? (= h as som eb ody wash ed it?)
Compare th e present p erfec t and simple past : • T h e room isn ’ t dirty any m ore. It has been cleaned. (prese nt peifcct passive) T h e roo m was cleaned yesterday. (s imp le pas t pass ive) I can ’t find my keys. I think they ’ ve been stolen. (present peifect pass ive) M y keys were stolen last week. (s imp Ze past passive)
•
For th e prese nt perfec t and simple pas t , see U nits 19-2 1. is done / was done • Unit 22 active and passive • Appendix 1
ψ asslv이
U N I T
Exercises 23.1
What ’s happening? 1.톨
23.2
t
,
1
2.
1.
The ca r 파싹{L쁘lZaired
2.
A bridge
3. The windows 4. The grass
look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous (is/are being ... ) or the present perfect (has/have been ... ). 2
3.
5
2.
(the offì ce / clean) _객f..2/J똥휴뾰뾰 cleaned (the shirts / iron) Tne shirts have been ironed
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
(th e window / brea k) The window (th e roof / repair) The roof (th e ca r / damage) (the hou ses / tear / down) (the trees / cu t / down) (th ey / invite / to a party)
1.
23.3 Complete the sentences. (Study Unit 22 before you do this exercise.) 1 ca n ’ t u se my offìce right now. It is bel !Ji]--P- amted (paint) 2. W e didn ’ t go to th e part y. W e werenlt lfWIte d (not / invite). 1.
The washing m ac hine was broke n , but it ’'s OK n o w. It (repair) The washing m ac hin e (repair) yes te rday afternoon. A factory is a place where thin gs (make) How o ld are th ese h o uses? Wh e n (they / b l1 ild)? (the computer / l1 se) at th e m o ment' A: B: Yes , Steve is usin g it. 8. 1’ ve n eve r see n th ese fl owers before. What (they / call)? (s tea l) at the b eac h yεsterday. 9. My sl1 nglasses 10. The bridge is clo se d . It (dama ge) last week , and it (n ot / re pair) ye t. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
•
Additional exercises 24-27 (pages 255- 256)
47
be/have/do in present and past tenses Be (= am / is / are / was / were) + -ing (cleaning / working , etc.) am/ is / are + -ing φ resent co ntμinuO 띠 아 u“S -••
Units 3-4 and 26
was / were + -ing ψ as t co ntinu o“5)
-• Unit 13
• • •
Please be quiet. 1’ m working It isn ’ t raining right now. What are you doing tonight?
• • •
1 was working when she arr ived. It wasn't raining , so we didn ’t need an umbrella What were you doing at 3:00?
Be + past particψ le (cleaned / made / eaten , et c. ) am / is / are + past participle (s imple preseη t pass ive)
• Unit 22 was / were + past participle (s imple past passive)
-• Unit 22
• • •
1’ m never invited to parties. Butter is made from milk. The se offices aren ’ t cleaned every day.
• • • •
The office was cleaned yesterday. T hese houses were built 100 years ago. How was the window broken ? Where were you born?
Have / has + past participle (cleaned/ lostl eaten / been , etc.) have / has + past participle (present peifect) •
Units 16- 17 , 19-21
• • • •
1’ ve lived in this house for 10 years. Tom has never ridden a horse. Kate hasn ’ t been to Sou th America. Where have Paul and Nicole gone ?
Do / does / did + baseform (clean/ like / eat/ go , et c.) do / does + base fo rm (simple p resent negative and ques tions)
•
Units 6-7
did + base form (simple past nega ti ve and q ~， es ti o ns)
-• Unit 12
irregular verbs •
Unit 25 , Appendixes 2-3
• • • •
1 like coffee , but 1 don ’ t like tea Chris doesn ’ t go out very often. What do yo u usually do on weekends? Does Silvia live alone?
• • •
1 didn ’ t watch TV yesterday. It didn ’ t rain last week What time did Paul and Nicole go out?
U N I T
Exercises 24.1 Write is/are or do/does.
00
th e sun shining? th e stores close? 7 What time 8 M aria wo rking to day? 9. 댄! h a t this wo rd m ea n? 10 . yo u feeling all right?
you wo rk at night? they going? 2 Wh ere are you loo king at m e? 3. Why 4. Billlive n ea r yo u? 5 you like to coo k? 1.
6
24.2 Write am not/isn't/aren ’ t or don't/doesn't. AII these sentences are negative.
do, esn't
1. Tom
wo rk at ni gh t.
2. 1’ m ve ry tired. 1 wa nt to go o ut tonigh t. 3. 1’ m very tired. 1 go ing o ut to ni ght . 4. Gary working this week. H e ’s o n vacat lO n. 5. M y parents are usually at ho m e. Th ey go out ve ry often. speak any fo reign languages 6. Ni co le has traveled a lot , but sh e 7. Yo u ca n turn offth e television . r watching it 8. Liz has invited us to her party next week , but we g0 1l1 g. 24.3 Write was/were/ did/have /has. Wh ere 2 3 4
were
Wh at Wh ere
5
yo ur sh oes made? yo u go o ut las t ni ght ? yo u doing at 10: 30? you r mo th er bo r n ? Barbara go n e h om e?
6 7
Wh at time Whe n
8.
9. Why 10. H ow lo n g
she go? these hous es built ? Steve arrived ye t? yo u go hom e ea rl y? th ey bee n m arri ed ?
24.4 Write is/are/ was/ were /have/has. 1. Joe
2. 3 4.
5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
h깅5
lost hi s passport Thi s bridge built 10 yea rs ago. you fini shed yo ur wo rk ye t? Thi s town is always clea n . Th e stree ts c1 ea ned eve ry day. Wh ere yo u born? ju st m ade so me co ffee Wo uld yo u like so m e? 1 Glass made from sand. taken a lo ng time ago . Thi s is a ve ry old ph otograph. It D av id bo ught a new ca r. ‘
24.5 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb into the correct form. damage listen 1.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 1 1.
use
enJoy open
좋tr
go
pronounce understand
eat
1’ m go ing to take an umbrella with m e. It ’s r낀 nmg . Why are yo u so tired? Did you ---Ø.으_ to bed late last night ? Wh ere are th e choco lates? H ave yo u all of th em ? lt > H ow is your new j ob? Are yo u My ca r wa s badl y in the accident , but 1 was O K. C hri s has a car, but she do esn ’t it very o ft en Mary isn ’ t at h o me. She has away for a few days . th e problem. Ca n yo u explain it aga in? I do n ’t to mUSl c. M artin is in his roo m . H e ’S 1 do n ’ t know h ow to say this w ord . How is it ? H ow do you this w indow ? Ca n you show m e?
49
Regular and irregular verbs Regular verbs T he simple past and past participle of regular verbs is -ed clean • cleaned live • lived paint • p ainted study • studied
Simple past (-• Unit 11) • 1 cleaned my room yesterday. • C harli e studied engineering in co llege. Past participle have / has + past participle (present p erfect -• U nits 16-17 , 19-21) • 1 have cleaned my room • Tina has lived in Miami for 10 years . be (is / are / were / has been , et c. ) + past participle (passive • • T h ese rooms are cleaned every day • My car has been repaired.
Units 22-23):
Irregular verbs The simple past and past participle of irregular verb s do not end in -ed:
simple past past participle
make
break
cut
made made
broke broken
cut cut
Sometimes the simple past and past participle are the same. For exa mple:
1I
simple past past participle J • •
•
make made
find
buy
cut
found
bought
cut
I made a ca ke yesterday. (s Ìmple past) 1 have made so me coffee. (past participle - present peifect) Butter is made 감om ll1 ilk. (past participle - present passÌ l! e)
Sometimes th e simple past and past participle are different. For exa mpl e:
simple past past participle • • •
break
know
begin
go
broke broken
knew known
began begun
went gone
SO ll1 ebody broke this window last night. (s imple past) SO ll1 ebody has broken this w indow. (past particíple - present peifect) This window was broken last night . ψ ast participle - past pass Ìve)
irregular verbs • Appendixes 2-3 spelling (regular verbs) • Appendix 5
U N I T
Exercises 25.1 Write the simple past / past participle of these verbs. (T he simple past and past participle are the same for all the verbs in th is exercise.) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
make cu t say bring pay
m ade Cu t
6. enjoy 7. buy 8. sit 9. leave 10. happen
1 1. 12. 13. 14. 15.
hear put catch watch understand
25.2 Write the simple past and past participle of these verbs. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
break begin eat drink drive speak wnte
broke
broken
8 9.
10. 11. 12. 13 . 14.
come know take go give throw get
25.3 Put the verb in the right form. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12. 13. 14. 15.
washed
my hands because they were dirt y. (wash) Somebody has broken this window. (break) 1 feel good. 1 very we l1 1ast night. (sleep) We a rea l1 y good movie yesterday. (see) lt a lot while we were on vacation. (rain) 1’ ve l11 y bag. (l ose) Have you it? (see) Rosa ’s bicycle was last week. (steal) 1 to bed early beca use 1 was tired. (g이 Have you your work yet? (finish) The shopping mall was about 20 years ago. (build) Anna to drive when she was 16. (learn) a horse. (ride) 1’ve never her for a long time. (know) Julia is a good friend ofminε. 1’ ve Yesterday 1 and my leg. (fall / hurt) My brother in the Boston Marathon last yea r. Have you ever in a marathon? (run / run)
1. 1
25.4 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and put the verb into the correct form. c o st speak
9.
10. 11. 12.
빠와te
think
meet wake up
sell
‘
'V ln
1 have made some coffee. Would you like some? Haveyou Johnaboutyournewjob? We played basketball on Sunda y. We didn ’t play very well , but we the ga l11 ε. 1 know Gary, but 1’ve never his wife 매le were by loud music in the middle of the night Stephanie jumped into the river and to the other side @ ” r gb N $ / “ Did you like the 1110vie?" “ Yes , 1 %qu mf I m m Many different languages are Our vacation a lot of 1110ney because we stayed in an expensive hotel Have you ever a very fast car' All the tickets for the concert were very quickly. in through the open window while we were having our dinne r. A bird pι
7. 8.
fl y tell
떠없
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
driv e sWlm
51
What are you doing tomorrow?
.mt
4
ι
배
mnF
빠
Today is Sunday.
U
4
“
They are playing tennis (now).
-- mw •• ,‘
/‘ ‘
He is playing tennis tomorrow.
We use am/ is / are + -ing ψ rcscnt continuo 씨 for something happening now: l “ Where are Sue and Amanda?" “ They ’re playing tennis in the park." • Please be quie t. 1’ m working
“
We also use am / is / are + -ing for the Jut rc (tomorrow / next week , etc.): • Andrew is playing tennis tomorrow. • 1’ m not working next week. nU
「J
/I
Sophie is going to the dentist on Friday. (= she has an appointment with the dentist) We ’re having a party next weekend. Are you meeting your friends tonight? What are you doing tomorrow night? 1’ m not going out tonigh t. 1’ m staying at home.
You can also say, “ I ’ m going to do something." (•
j
’“
Unit 27).
Be carefu l! Do not use the simplc prcscnt (1 stay / do you go , etc.) to say what somebody has arranged to do: • 1’ m staying at home this evening. (not 1 stay) • Are you going out tonight? (not Do you go) • Lisa isn't coming to the party next week. (not Lisa doesn ’t come) But we use the simple present for schedules (buses , movies , classes , et c.): • The plane arrives in N ew York at 7 :30 tomorrow morning. • What timε does the movie end tonight? Compare:
Prcscnt continuOlμ (usually for people) • 1’ m going to a concert tomorrow• What time are you leaving?
present continuous •
U 미 ts
3-4
Simplc prcsCl1 t (for schedules) • The concert starts at 7:30. • What time does your plane leave?
simple present • Units 5-7
I'm going to ... • Unit 27
a
mw1/ ι
• • • •
m n3 m
빼때
•
= 1 have arranged to do it ,
下ι
1 am doing something tomorrow 1 have a plan to do it:
U N I T
Exercises 26.1 Look at the pictures. What are these people doing next Friday? ?
4
3.
5
이Qvi e ‘
7화η/k
Andrew 1.
Richard
Rachel
Karen
Tom and Sue
Andrew is v/avina tennis on Frida v.
2. Richard 3. Rachel
to th e movies. \unch with Ken.
4. 「
3
26.2 Write questions. AII the sentences are future. 1. 2. 3.
4.
5.
(you / go / out / tonight?) (you / work / next week?) (what / you / do / tomorrow night?) (what time / your friends / come?) (when / Liz / go / on vacation?)
Are vou aoina out toniah t2
26.3 Write sentences about yourself. What are you doing in the next few days? 1.
2.
stα vina
at home tonight. I 보4으띤a to the theater on Monda ι I'm
3. 4.
5. 6.
26.4 Put the verb in the present continuous (he is leaving, et c.) or simple present (the train leaves , et c.). 1. 2.
3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
8. 9. 10.
“-건얻￡쁘깅요!!lg
(you / go) out tonight?" “ No , I ’ m too tired." Wek aoln(). (we / go) to a concert tonight. It startS (it / start) at 7:30. (Karen / get) married next month! Listen to this! A: My parents (g 이 on vacation next week. (they / go)? B: Oh , that ’s 111ce 매Thεrε Si\via is taking an English course this semeste r. The course (end) on Fr피 ay. There ’s a party tomorrow night , but (I / not / go). (1 / go) out with some friends tonight. 매Thy don ’ t you (wε / meet) at John ’s house at 8:00. come , too? (you / get) home a 삼 er the party tomorrow? By taxi? A: How (leavε) at midnight B: No , I can go by bus. The last bus A: Do you want to go to the movies tonight? (the movie / begin)? B: Yes , what time (you / do) tomorrow afternoon? A: What (1 / work). B
53
l ’ m going to
• • •
I ’ m going to do something l’ m going to watch TV tonig ht
-
-;-=:
。 。。
」==; 듀0.
}
mornmg
tonight
She is going to watch TV tonight . We use am / is / are going to . . . for the future: I am h e / sh eli t is we/ you lth ey are am I is h e/ sh elit are w e/ you lthey
(n o t) going to
•
gomg to
buy . .. ? eat . P w ear - - ?
1 am going to do something I decided to do it
do . .. drink . .. watch .
I have decided to do it; my intention is to do it:
-
I ’ m going to d o it
past
• • • • • •
fμ ture
nOlν
I ’ m going to buy some books tomorrow Sarah is going to sell her car I ’ m not going to have breakfast this morning. I ’ m not hungry. What are you going to wear to the wedding next week? “ Your hands are dirty." “ Yes , I know. I ’ m going to wash them." Are you going to invite Martin to your party?
We also use the present continuous (1 am doing) for the future , usually for arrangements (-• Unit 26) • I am playing tennis with Julia tomorrow. Something is going to happen Something is going to happen = we can see now that it is sure to happen Look at the sky! It ’ s going to rain. (black clouds noψ -• rain) Oh , no! It ’s 9:00 , and I ’ m not read y. I ’ m going to be late. (9:00 nOlν and not ready • late)
• •
present for the future • Unit 26 will • Units 28-29
|얀
going to rain :.;
U N I T
Exercises
1
27.1 What are these people saying?
1
4
CA~
f
"'" We
27.2 Complete the sentences. Use going to + these verbs: do 1.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
8. 9.
eat
give
lie down
stay
walk
→￥ a~h
watch
*￥ ear
My hands are dirt y. 1'1m aoma to wash them What are vou aoma to wear to the party tonight? 1t ’s a ni ce day. 1 don ’t want to take the bus. 1 Steve is go ing to San Diego next week. H ε with so me fri ends. 1’ m hungry. 1 thi s sa ndwi ch 1t ’s Sharo n ’s birthday next week. We her a prese nt . for an hom. Sue says she ’'s feeling ve ry tired . She 1tP The president ’s speec h is o n telev ision tonigh t. yo u 재T hat Ra chel when she fini shes sc hool?
27.3 Look at the pictures. What is going to happen? 2.
1.
1t3
aolnα
3
4
to ram.
2. T he sh elf 3. T he car 4. He 27.4 What are you going to do today or tomorrow? Write three sentences. 1. 1’ 111
2
3
55
will
1
Sarah goes to work every day. Sh e is always there from 8:30 until 4:30. It is 11 :00 n ow. Sarah is at work.
A t 11 :00 yesterday, she was at work. At 11 :00 to m o rrow, she w il1 be at work.
Sarah w il1
+ base Jorm (wil1 be I w il1 win I w il1 come , et c.):
I / we /you / th εy
he /s h eli t
w il1 (’ 11) w il1 not (won ’ t )
be • wln eat come , et c.
be ? w il1
I1 we /you / they
、V1I1 「r
h ε Is h elit
eat? come ?, etc.
’ 11 = w il1: 1’ 11 (1 will) I you ’ 11 I she ’11 , etc. won't = w il1 not: 1 won't (= 1 will not) I you won ’ t I she won't , etc We use w il1 for the 기Itμ re (tomorrow I next week , etc.): • Sue travels a lot. Today she is in Los Angeles. Tomorrow she ’ 11 be in Mexico City. N ext week she ’ 11 be in NewYork. • You can call me tonight. 1’ 11 be at home. • Leave the old bread in the yard. The birds w il1 eat it. • We ’ 11 probably go out tonigh t. • W il1 you be at home tonight? • •
1 won ’ t be here tomorrow. (= 1 will not be here) Don ’t drink coffee before you go to bed.You won ’ t sleep.
We often say 1 think . . . w il1 • 1 think Kelly will pass her driver ’s tes t. • 1 don ’ t think it w il1 rain this afternoon • Do you think the test w il1 be di퍼cu1t? We do not use w il1 for things we have already arranged or decided to do (-• Units 26-27): • We ’re going to the movies on Saturday. Do you want to come with us? (η ot We will go) • 1’ m not working tomorrow. (rwt 1 won't work) • Are you going to take your driver ’s test tomorrow? (not 매Till you take)
What are you doing tomorrow? • Unit 26
I’ m going
to .
•
Unit 27 will
2•
Unit 29
U N I T
Exercises 28.1 Helen is traveling in South America. Complete the sentences with she was , she's , or she ’11 be. in Rio de Janeiro. Yesterday she was 2. TO l11 orrow 3 Last week 4 Next week
5 Right now 6 Thrεe days ago 7. At the end of her trip
CARACAS Next week
in Bogotá. in Santiago. in Caracas in Li l11 a in Buenos Aires. very tired.
상
UMA
Right now
Helen
28.2 Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use: I ’ 11 be . .. or I ’ 11 probably be . .. or I don ’ t know where I ’ 11 be. /'11 vrobablv be at the beach 1. (at 10:00 tO l11 orrow) I'11 be at work. OR 2. 3. 4. 5.
(one hour fro l11 now) (at l11 idnight tonight) (at 3:00 tO l11 orrow a 삼εrnoon) (two years fro l11 now)
28.3 Put in w il/ ('1/) or won't. 1.
2 3.
ιω
9ι
Rν
6. 7.
없앙
frl
띠 J
5.
9 ‘>
l11
inutes." be at
m
뺑
4.
Don ’ t drink coffee before you go to bed. You won't sleep “ Are you ready yet?" “ Not yet. 1 bε ready in five 1’ nl. going away for a few days. r’ 111 leaving tonight , so r hO l11 e to 111 0 rrow. It rain , so you don ’t need to take an u l11 brella A: 1 don ’ t feel very well tonight ’ hU ri m B 재!ell ， go to bed early, and you b 1t ’s Bill ’'s birthday next Monda y. He happen again. 1’ 111 sorry 1 was la te this 1110rning. 1t
28.4 Write sentences with I think ... or I don't think .... / thlnk Kellv wlll vass the drlver 's tes t. (Kelly will pass the driver ’s test) / don't thlnk Kellv wlll vass the drlver 's test. 2 (Kelly won ’ t pass the driver ’s tes t) 3 (we ’ II win the ga l11 e) 4 (1 won ’ t be here t01110rrow) 5 (Sue willlike her present) 6. (they won ’ t get married) 7. (you won ’ t like the 1110vie)
28.5 Which is righ t? (Study Unit 26 before you do this exercise.) 1. .JJ.연과+윤6-/ We ’re
2 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9.
gomg to the theater tonigh t. We ’ ve got tickets. (α@ ’re going is right) “ What will you do / are you doing t01110rrow night?" “ Nothing. 1’ m free ” Thev ’ llleave / Thev ’ re lea、1 1\1 g tO l11 orrow 1110rning. Thεir train is at 8 :4 0. 1’ nl. sure your aunt will lend / is lending US SO l11 e 1110ney. She ’s very rich ‘재fhy are you putting on your coat?" “ I ’ II go / 1’ 111 g Ol ng out." Do you think Claire will call / is calling us tonight? Steve can ’ t l11 eet us on Saturda y. He ’ II work / He ’s working. Let ’s fly to Miami instead of driving. It won ’ t take / isn ’ t taking as long A: What are your plans for the weekend? B: SO l11 e friends will CO l11 e / are cO l11 ing to stay with us.
57
will
2 Bye, 1’ 11 call you tomorrow , OK ?
1' 11 carry it for you
You can u se 1’ 11 ... (1 will) w h en you offer someth ing or decide to do something • “ My suitcase is very heav y." “ I ’ 11 carry it for you."
•
“ I ’ 11 ca11 yo u tomorrow, OK?"
“ OK , bye."
We 0 타 en say 1 think 1’ 11 ... / 1 don ’ t think 1’ 11 ... w h en we decide to do somethin g: • 1’ m tired. 1 think 1’ 11 go to b ed early tonight. • It ’s a nice da y. 1 think 1’ 11 sit o u tside • It ’s raining . 1 don ’ t think 1’ 11 go o u t.
Do not use the simp le present (1 go / 1 ca11 , et c. ) in sentences like these: • 1’ 11 ca11 yo u tomorrow, OK? (not 1 ca ll you) • 1 think 1’ 11 go to bed earl y. (not 1 go to bed) Do not u se 1’ 11 ... for something yo u decided before (-• Units 26-27) • 1’ m working tomorrow. (not 1’ 11 work) • There ’s a good program on TV tonigh t. 1’ m going to watch i t. (not 1’ 11 watch ) •
What are yo u doing this weekend? (1101 찌T hat will yo u do)
Sha11 1 . . . ? Sha11 we
p
No. th at ’5 OK . I’ 11 answer it
Shalll answer the ph on e?
Sha11 1 / Sha11 we ... ? = Do yo u think thi s is a good thing to do? Do yo u think this is a good idea? • It’'5 very warm in this room . Sha11 1 open the window? •
“ Sha11 1 ca11 you tonight?"
• •
It ’5 a nice da y. Sha11 we go for a walk? What shall we have for dinner?
“ OK."
We use should in the same way • “ Should 1 ca11 you tonight?" “ OK." • It ’s a nice day. Should we go for a walk? • What should we have for dinner? What are you doing tomorrow? •
Unit 26 I'm going to . ‘
•
•
Unit 27 wi" 1 •
Unit 28 should •
Unit 33
U N I T
Exercises 29.1 Complete the sentences. Use /'1/ (1 will) + these verbs: C8 f'f' )ι
?
3. 4.
5. 6 7.
do
eat
send
show
Slt
stay
/7/ carry
My suitcase is very heavy. Enjoy your vacation. 1 don ’ t want this banana. Do you want a chair? Did you call Jenny? Are you coming with me? How do you use this camera?
it for yo u.
T h ank yo u
yo u a postca rd 1t. o n the flo o r
W ell , 1’ m hU l1 gry N o , it ’sOK O h 110 , 1 forgot. No , I don ’ t think so G ive it to m e and
lt
n o、v.
h ere. yo u
29.2 Complete the sentences. Use / think / ’ 1/ ... or I don't think I ’ 11 ... + these verbs: buy 1.
2. 3. 4.
5.
buy
용&-
have
play
1t ’s co ld today. I don't think f'II go 1’ m hU l1 g ry. 1 1 feel very tired. 1 like this h at This ca m era is too ex pe nsi ve.
o ut . som ethin g to eat . ten111s. 1t. It
29.3 Which is righ t? 1. +쯤싸/
2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7.
8. 9.
29.4
1’ 11 cal1 yo u to morrow, O K ? (I ’ 11 ca ll is right) 1 h ave n ’ t don e the sh o pping ye t.! do / 1’ lld o it late r. 1 like sp o rts . ! wa tch / 1’ 11 watch a lo t of sp o rts o n TV 1 n eed som e exε r c i se. 1 think 1 gO / 1’ 11 go for a walk Gerry is going to buv / will buv a n ew ca r. H e told me las t wee k. “ T hi s letter is fo r Rose." “ O K.I g ive / 1’ 11 g ive / 1’ 111 g0111g to Q: 1Ve it to h e r." A: Are vo u doin g / Will vo u do any thing thi s eve ning? B: Yes , ! ’ 111 going / 1’ 11 go out w ith so m e fri e nds 1 ca n ’ t go out with you tomorrow night. 1 work / 1’ m working / 1’ 11 work. 1 Ii ke this hat. 1 think 1 buv / 1’ 11 buV 1t.
What does Anne say to Kathy? Find the right answers.
Kathy
1 2 3 4
5. 6. 7.
8. 9.
•
It ’s very warm in this room. This TV program isn ’ t very good. Should we have a party? It ’s dark in this room Should 1 go to the store? Shall we go out? Shall 1 wait here? Do we have any bread? Should we get some lottery tickets?
Additional exercises 28-31 (pages 256-259)
Anne d
If yo u wa n t. Wh ere sh o uld we go? b) Yes , w ho sh all we invite? No , sh all 1 go and ge t so m e? d) Shall 1 o pe n th e window? Should 1 turn on th e light? OK , h ow 111any sh a l1 we buy? Should 1 turn it o ff? h) N 0 , co m e with me. N o , it ’s OK. 1’ 11 go.
n
59
might
It might rain
Wh ere are you going for yo ur vacation?
-‘- -
ι,.
I'm not sure. I might go to Costa Rica . j =,
H e might go to Costa Rica. (= it is possibl e that h e w iIl go to Costa Ri ca) might
It might rain. (= it is possible that it w iIl rain)
+ base Jorm (might go I might be I might rain , etc.)
I/ we / you / they
he/ sheli t
might (no t)
be go play come , et c
1 might = it is possible that 1 w ill: • 1 might go to the m ovies tonight , but 1’ m not sure. (= it is p ossible that 1 w iIl go) • A: Wh en is R eb ecca going to caII yo u ? B: 1 do n ’ t know. She might call this aft ernoon. • Take an umbrella w ith yo u . lt might rain • Buy a lo ttery ticket. Yo u might be Iu cky. (= p erhaps yo u w i lI b e lu cky) l “ Are yo u going o ut tonight?" “ 1 might ." (= 1 might go o ut) Study the difference : • 1’ m playing tennis to m orrow. 야 μr잉 1 might play tennis to mo r row. (p oss ibl잉 • R eb ecca is going to call Iate r. 야 u r잉 R eb ecca might call1ate r. (p oss iblυ 1 might not = it is p ossibl e that 1 wiIl n ot: • 1 might not go to work tomorrow. (= it is possible that 1 w ill n o t go) • Su e might not come to th e party. (= it is p ossible that sh e w ill n ot com e) May Yo u can use may in the sam e way. 1 may = 1 might: • 1 may go to the m ovies tonight. (= 1 might go) • Su e may not come to the p arty. (= Su e might no t com e) May 1 ... ? = Is it O K to . . . ? I Can 1 . .. ?: • May 1 ask a question ? (= is it OK to ask I ca n 1 ask?) • “ May 1 sit h ere?" “ Sure-” will • Units 28-29 can • Unit 31
Exercises
U N I T
30.1 Write sentences with might. 1.
(it ’s possible that 1’ 11 go to th e movies)
2. 3. 4. 5.
(it ’s (it ’s (it ’s (it ’s
possible possible possible possible
that that that that
/
might go to the movies
1’ 11 see yo u to l11 orrow) 1 Sarah will forget to ca ll) it will snow to day) 1’ 11 be late tonight)
Write sentences with
might not.
6. (it ’s possible that Mark will no t be h ere next week)
7.
(it ’s possible that 1 won ’ t have tim e to go out)
30.2 Somebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas , but you are not sure. Choose from the list and write sentences with fish --이 ι
1J
4.
5. 6.
훌훌ttl￥
Monday
a
ne 、111
car
Where are you going for your vacation? What are you doing this weekend? When will you see Kate again? What are you going to have for dinner? How are you going to get hO l11 e tonight? 1 hear you won SO l11 e 1110ney. What are you going to do with it?
,might.
take a trip
take a taxi
I ’ m no t sure.
/
miaht ao to
/talν
1 don ’ t kn o w. 1 l ’ m no t sure. 1 don ’ t know. l ’ 111 not sure. 1 haven ’t dec id ed ye t.
30.3 You ask Bill questions about his plans for tomorrow. Sometimes he is sure , but usually he is not sure.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
8.
Are you playing tennis tO l11 orrow? Are you going out tO l11 orrow evening? Are you going to get up early? Are you working tO l11 orrow? Will you be at home tO l11 orrow morning? Are you going to watch television? Are you going out in the afternoon? Are you going shopping?
Yes , in the afternoon. Poss ibl y. Maybe No , [ ’ 111 no t. M ay be [ l11 igh t. Yes , 1 am Perh aps. [’ m not sure Bi I1
might where He 's o/avina tennis tomorrow a잠ernoon He miaht ao out tomorrow eveninα
Now write about Bil l. Use 1.
2. 3.
necessary.
He
4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
30.4 Write three things that you might do tomorrow. 2 3.
61
can and could Could you open the door, please?
I can play the piano
H e can play the p iano. can
+ hase form (can do / can play / can come , etc.):
I1 we / yo u/ th ey
can can ’ t (cannot)
h e/ sh elit
do play see come , etc.
can
I1 we / yo u / th ey
he / sh elit
do ? play ? see ? come ?, etc.
1 can do som ething = 1 know hO Iν to do it , or it is possihle for m e to do it • 1 can play th e piano. M y broth er can play th e piano , too. • Sa rah can speak Italian , but sh e can ’ t speak Spani sh . l “ Can yo u swim ?' ’ “ Yes , but 1’ m no t a ve ry goo d swimme r." • “ Can yo u change a twe nty-dollar bi ll? " “ I ’ III so rry, 1 can 't." • 1’ m having a party n ext wee k , but Paul and Rac hel can't come Fo r the pas t (yesterday / last week , etc.) , we use could / couldn ’ t • When 1 was yo ung , 1 could run very fas t. • Before M ari a came to th e United States , sh e couldn ’ t understand mu ch E nglish . Now sh e can understand everything • 1 was tired las t ni ght , but 1 couldn ’ t sleep . • 1 had a party last week , bu t Pa ul and R ac hel couldn ’ t come Can you . . . ? 매(e
Could you . . . ?
Can 1 . . . ?
Could 1 . . . ?
use Can you .. . ? or Could you ... ? w h en we ask p eopl e to do things • Can you op en the doo r , please? or Could you o pen the door , please? • Can you wait a mi nute , pl ease? or Could you wait ... ?
We use Can 1 have . . . ? or Could 1 have . . . ? to ask fo r so m ethin g: • (in a s tor잉 Can 1 have ch ange for a d ollar, please? or Could 1 have .. . ? Can 1 ... ? or Could 1 . .. ? = is it OK to do somethi ng? • To m , can 1 borrow yo ur umbrella? 0 1' To m , could 1 bo rrow yo ur umbrella? • (on the phone) H ell o , can 1 spea k to Ga r y, pl ease? or ... could 1 speak . .. ? ‘
May I . .. ? • Unit 30
U N I T
Exercises 31.1 Ask Steve if he can do these things: 1.
2.
-
a
3.
。
• 。
i
Can you swim?
?ι
clz ess
J 꺼
5
/
Steve
You
。
A 47
))
-
IJ
/ 0
10 kilometers
Can you do these things? Write sentences about yourself. Use I can or I can't. 7. 1 ._ _ 8.
10. 1 1. 12.
9.
31.2 Complete these sentences. Use can or can't + one of these verbs: eo빼e-
find
1. 1’ m so rry, but we
hear
see
cαnt com e
llike thi s hotel room.You 3. You are spe aking very quietly. 1 4. Have you see n my suitcase? 1 5. Catherine got the job be ca use she 2.
speak to yo ur party next Saturday. th e mountains from the window. you lt
five languages.
31.3 Complete these sentences. Use can ’ tor couldn ’ t + one of these verbs: decide
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
eat
find go sleen go 1 was tired , but 1 couldn't sleev 1 wasn't hungry yesterday. 1 my dinner. Katε doε s n ’t know w hat to do. She 1 wanted to speak to Martin yesterday, but 1 him James to the co nce rt next Saturday. H e has to work. Paula to th e mee ting last week. She was sick.
31.4 What do you say in these situations? Use can or could.
4. (have)
2. (pass)
3. (turn down
5. (l ook)
6. (use)
63
must
She must
댄맏|〔5
Bob
Smith
She must be sick = 1 am sure sh e is sick; it is clear that sh e is sick. must + base fo rm (must be / must know , et c.) :
I1 we / you / they he /s h e /i t
must (not)
be know have live , etc.
We use must wh en w e beli eve that so m ething is tru e. • You worked 10 h o urs today. You must be tired. • M y brother has worked at yo ur company for years. Yo u must know him. • M y fri ends have the sam e zip code as you. Th ey must live near yo u • (0 η the telephone) This isn't the Smiths’ ? 1’ m so rry. 1 must have the wrong numb e r. W e use must not w h en we b eli eve that som ething is not tru e • The ph on e ran g eight times and Karen didn ’t answe r. Sh e must not be at home • C arlos takes the bu s everywhere. H e must not have a ca r. • T h e Silvas are always ho m e o n Fridays . T h ey must not work then.
빼빼 빠， 삐뻐 쩨
Must has anoth er m eanin g. Yo u must do som ething = it is necessary to do it. • Yo u must be careful with this knife. --,. It ’s very sh arp. • W orkers must wear safety glasses at this mac hine. • ln the United Stat es , yo u must be 18 to vote. ““. Fo r the past (yesterday , last week , etc.) , we use had to ... (not must) • They were in a dange rous situ ati o n . T h ey had to be carefu l. (not T h ey must b e carefu l.) M • W e had to wear safety glasses when m we visited the fac to ry las t week ””‘ (not W e must wear)
-’-‘" i「u·
I
have to . .. • Unit 34
ιm
Yo u must not do somethin g = it is n ecessa ry not to do it; it is the w rong thing to do. • Bicyclists must not ride o n th e sidewalk. (= they must ride in the stree t) • Yo u must not be late fo r sc h ool again!
싸
“” u·-- ‘ l‘
빼 이
v 싸씨 빠 빼 ‘ 뻐 κ히
메
i
U N I T
Exercises 32.1 Complete the sentences. Use must be + these words or phrases: for you
good
in the kitchen
hungry
very happy
m ust be tired 1t ’s eve ning , and yo u have n ’t ea ten anything all da y. Yo u lt ’s th e m ost popular restaurant in town , so the food ” “ 1 go t th e job." “ You did?You The phone ’s ringing. 1 kn ow it ’s no t for me. It M y keys aren ’ t in th e li vin g r00 111 , so thεy
1. Silvia worked 10 hours today. She
2. 3. 4 5.
6.
32.2 Complete the sentences. Use must + these verbs: drink 1.
2. 3. 4.
5.
like
have
M y brother has worked at yo ur cO l11 pany for yea rs. Yo u m ust know the colo r blu e. M aril y n wears so m ethin g blue every da y. She a bi g ho use. The Hill s have six childre n and three dogs. Th ey Mrs. Lee bought three ga ll o ns of milk at the store. H er children a lot of l11 ilk. 1 kn ow Mrs. Romo has a j o b , but she ’s always hO l11 e durin g the da y. She at ni ght.
32.3 Write must or must not. 1. (0 /'1 th e telepholle) This isn ’ t th e
%
띠 〔
ι
‘
냐 ”η 앤
내
6. 7.
‘
이
5.
have the wro ng numb e r. h ave a car Ca rlos takes the bu s everyw h ere. H e must not Brandon is very thin. H e eat very l11 u ch. l (t3 r 1 n ever see l11y neighbor in th e 1110 rning. He m 1 always have to rep εa t thin gs when 1 talk to Kell y. She Jm ’h c / ” Jim wears the sa l11 e cloth es eve ry day. H e VV l Yo u have a cold and a feve r? Poo r thing! You
따
4.
쁘띤i
없 뼈빠
3
Smithsη 1
떼빼
2.
work
32.4 Complete the sentences. Use must + these verbs: 냉e-
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
be
get
know
take
wear
In 111 0st ofthe United States , yo u m ust be at least 16 to ge t a dri ve r ’'s Ji ce nse. Fo r this job, yo u both Spanish and Ger l11 an. a seat belt. Peo pl e in the front seat of a ca r Hi gh sc hool students who want to go to college good g rad es . This highway is closed. Drivers another road A tenni s player very good to play profess iona ll y.
싸빠
32.5 Write must, mustn ’ t , or had to. mustn't forg et to se nd Sa l11 a birthday ca rd had to wear sa fety gla sses when we visited th e factory. l
4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
hurr y or 1’ 11 be late. wait half an ho ur for the bu s." “ Why were yo u so late?" “I lose them. Keep these pap ers in a safe place.You fo l1 ow the sa me traffi c rules as drivers. Bi cyclists fo rge t to turn off the lights when we leave We work. 1 don ’t usually work o n Saturdays , but las t Saturday 1
65
should You shouldn ’ t watch TV 50 mu ch -’
‘~
should + base form (should do / should watch , etc.):
I/ we / you / they
he / she /i t
should shouldn ’ t
do stop go watch , et c.
You should do something = it is a good thing to do; it is the right thing to do: • Tom doesn ’ t study eno ugh. He should study harde r. • It ’5 a good movie.You should go and see i t. • When yo u play tennis , you should always watch the ball. Should I/ we do something? = is it a good thing to do? • Should 1 invite Karen to dinner? • Should we make something special for dinner? You shouldn ’ t do something = it is not a good thing to do (shouldn ’ t • Tom shouldn ’t go to bed so late. • You watch TV all the time.You shouldn ’ t watch TV 50 much. We often say 1 think ... should ... : • 1 think Lisa should buy some new clothes (= 1 think it is a good idea.) • It ’s late. 1 think 1 should go home now • A: Shall 1 buy thi5 coat? B: Yes , 1 think you should.
= should not):
Do you think I should buy thi5 hat?
1 don't think ... should . • 1 don ’ t think you should work 50 hard. (= 1 don ’t think it is a good idea.) • 1 don ’ t think wε should go yet . It ’5 too early. Do you think ... should ... ?: • Do you think 1 should buy this hat? • What time do you think we should go home? Should is different from have to • 1 should study tonight , but 1 think 1’ 11 go to the movies • 1 have to study tonigh t. 1 can ’ t go to the movies. Another way to 5ay should is ought tO: • 1 ought to study tonight , but 1 think 1’ 11 go to the movies. (= 1 should study) • 1 think Lisa ought to buy some new clothes. (= Lisa should buy) shall/should • Unit 29 must • Unit 32 have to • Unit 34
U N I T
Exercises 33.1 Complete the sentences. Use you should + these verbs: eat
go
read
• ;v ftteh
visit
1. When you play tennis , -Xou
wear
should watch
the bal l.
2. 1t ’s la tε ， and you ’ re very tired. to bed. 3. plenty of fruit and vegetables. the Science Museum. It ’s very 4. lf you have tim ε ， 5. When you ’ re driving , a seat bel t. lt. 6. 1t ’s a very good book
1I1
terest 1l1 g
33.2 Write about the people in the pictures. Use HelShe shouldn't ... so ... l
‘~.=
_..
•“iIL
i
You watch TV too much ‘
She shouldn't watch TV so much 2.
Hε
\‘
3 ι 、\:::::-. You work '
4
rc too hard
I drive too fast
3 4
hard
33.3 You are not sure what to do. so you ask a friend. Write questions with Do you think I should . .. ? 1 ‘ You are in a store.You arε trying on a jacket. (buy?) You ask your friend: 0 o vou think I should buv this 2. You You 3. You You 4. You You
iackeU
can't drive. (l earn?) ask your 삼 iend: Do you think don ’ t like your job. (get another job?) ask your friend: are going to have a party. (invite Gary?) ask your friend:
33.4 Write sentences with I think ... should ... or I don't think ... should .. 1. We havε to get up early tomorrow. (go home now) 2. That coat is too big for you. (buy it) I don't think 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I think we should ao home now. vou should buv it.
You don ’ t need your ca r. (se Jl it) Karen needs a change. (take a trip) Sa Jl y and Dan are too young. (get married) You ’ re still sick. (go to work) James isn ’ t feeling well today. (go to the doctor) The hotel is too expensive for us. (stay there)
33.5 What do you think? Write sentences with should. 1. 1 think 2. 3. 4. 5.
everybody should learn another lanaua C/ e
1 think εverybody 1 think 1 don ’t think 1 think 1
67
I have to ... 때 떼 υ
뼈빼때
때m때
얀얀 m
얘
e
πu
πD
깨
”a
M
ι
1 have to do so m ething = it is n ecessary fo r m e to do it; 1 am obliged to do it. I1 w e/ yo u / they
have
h e/sh eli t
has
@
• • •
to do to work to go to 、vear ， etc.
1’ 11 be late for wo rk to m o r row. 1 have to go to the dentist. Jan e starts wo rk at 7 :00 , so sh e has to get up at 6 :00 . Yo u have to pass a tes t befo re yo u ca n get a driver ’s li cense.
T h e past (yesterday I last week , et c.) is had to • 1 was late fo r wo rk yes terday. 1 had to go to the dentist. • We had to walk h om e las t nigh t. There were no buses . In questio ns and n egatives we use do l does (present) and did (past):
Present do does
I1 we / yo u lth ey
h e/ sh elit
have to ... ?
I1 we / you / th ey
h e/ sh eli t
don ’ t doesn ’ t
have to .
Past did •
• •
I1 w e/you / th ey h ε I shelit
have to ... ?
I1 we / yo u/ they
h e/ sh elit
didn ’ t have to .
매T h a t
tim e do you have to go to the dentist to morrow ? Does Jan e have to work o n Saturdays ? Why did they have to leave the party early?
1 don ’ t have to (do som ething) = it is n o t n ecessary to do it: • r’ m no t wo rking to morrow, so 1 don ’ t have to get up early • Mike doesn ’ t have to work very hard. H e ’s go t an easy job • We didn ’t have to wait very lo ng for the bus - it ca m e in a few minutes . tnust Yo u ca n also use tnust to say it is ne cessary t o do som ething • Yo u tnust pass a test b efore yo u can get a driver ’s license. • ln many co untri es , m en tnust do militar y service. W e use have to m o re often than tnust , especially in spoken English .
must • Unit 32
U N I T
Exercises 34.1 Complete the sentences. Use have to or has to + these verbs: hit
read
speak
take
1. M Y eyes are not very good. 1
travel
have to wear
*￥ eSf
glasses.
2. At the end of the course all the 얀udents a test a lot of books 3. Sarah is studying literature. Shε 4. Alberto doesn ’t understand much English.You very slowly to him 5. Kate is not at home much. She a lot for her job. the ball over the net 6. In tennis you
34.2 Complete the sentences. Use have to or had to + these verbs: answer 1. We
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
buy
had to
change
go
take
wake
￦와4ξ
wα Ik
home last night. There were no buses. It’s late. 1 now. 1’ 11 seε you tomorrow. 1 went to the store after work yesterday. 1 some food. This train doesn ’ t go all the way downtown.You at First Avenue. We took a test yesterday.We six questions out often. 1’ m going to bed. 1 up early tomorrow. Amy and her cousin can ’t go out with us tonight. They care of Amy ’s little brothe r.
34.3 Complete the questions. Some are present and some are past.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
1 have to get up early tomorrow. George had to wait a long time Liz has to go somewhere. We had to pay a lot of mone y. 1 have to do some work They had to leave earl y. Paul has to go to Moscow.
What time do y ou have to 9 et up How long Where How much Whatexactly Why When
34.4 Write sentences with don'tldoesn'tldidn ’ t have to .. 1. Why are you going out?You don't have to ao 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Why Why Why Why Why
? ? ?
; ? ? ?
out.
is Sue waiting? She did you get up early?You is Paul working so hard? He do you want to leave now? We did they tell me something 1 already know? They
34.5 Write some things that you (or your friends or family) have to do or had to do. 1. (every day) I have to drive 50 miles to work evelγ dqν 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
(every day) (yesterday) (tomorrow) (l ast wεek) (when 1 was younger)
69
Would you like ... ?
l’ d Ii ke ... Would you like 、 a piece õf candy7 )
Would you like . .. ? = Do yo u want .. . ? We use Would you like .. . ? to offer things • A : Would you like som e coffee? B: N o , thank yo u . • A: Would you like a piece of candy? B: Yes , thanks . • A: W hi ch would you like , tea o r coffee? B : Tea , please.
. f
i
/
잉
v I
m
빼
tlt
-
"''' "."
We use Would you like to . .. ? to invite som eb ody: • ￦'ould you like to go for a walk ? • A: Would you like to have dinner w ith us o n Sunday? B: Yes , I ’'d love tO . (= I wo uld love to h ave dinner w ith yO U) • What would you like to do to night? I ’'d like .. . is a p olite way to say “ I want ." (I ’'d like = I would like) • I ’ m thirsty. I ’d like a dr ink. • (in α tourist ψi떠 I ’d like som e info rmatio n abo ut h o tels, please. • I ’ m feeling tired. I ’d like to stay h om e to night . Would you like . . . ? and Do you like . .. ?
//
I ’----P·O I
•
Yes, please;)
f
i
「 /1
”
nu
…
맨
、‘-
e
애
Would you like \ some coffee? ’
‘
Il”K
빼 ”않 ”뼈
Would you like ... ? / I ’d like ...
DO v m
‘
J
γτ
Yes , I do. 1
-
’‘
-“
Would you like some now?
‘ jι
No , thank you . Not now‘ ’- ‘........
Would you like some coffee? = Do yo u want som e coffee? • A: Would you like to go to the m ovies to night? (= do yo u want to go tonight?) B: Yes , I ’d love to
~-
Do you like coffee? = Do yo u think coffee is good? • A : Do you like to go to the m ovies?
(in general) B : Yes , I go to the m ovies a lo t.
•
I ’d like an orange , please. (= can I have an o range?)
•
I like oranges . (in general)
•
What would you like to do n ext weekend?
•
W hat do you like to do o n weekends?
like to do and like -ing • Unit 53 I would do something if ... • Unit 101
U N I T
Exercises
톨
35.1 What are the people in the pictures saying? Use Would you like ... ?
Would vou like aviece -of candy2
2.
3.
6.
4
」、 >
35.2 What do you ask Sue in these situations? Use Would you like to ... ? 1
‘
You want to go to the movies tonight. Perhap s Sue will go with yo u. You ask: W ould vou /I ke to 00 to the movies toniaht2
(g이
2. You want to play tenni s tomorrow. Perhaps Sue will play, too. (play) You ask 3. You have an extra ti cke t for a co ncert
nεxt
week. Pe rhap s Sue will come. (come)
You ask: 4. 1t ’s raining and Sue is going out. She doesn ’t h ave an u l11 brella , but you have one. (b o rrow) You ask
35.3 Which is righ t? “ Yes , thanks." ( μ uld )'0 /01
1
“ Eo YO ll like / Would yo u like a pie ce of ca nd y?"
2 3‘ 4
like / Would YOU like banana s?" “ Yes , I love th e l11." “ Do vou like / Would YOU like some ice crea m?" “ No , thank you." “ What do you Ji ke / would you like to drink?" “ A glass of wa ter, please."
like is right)
“ D 。 YOU
“ D 。 、TO U
like / Would YOU like to go out for a walk?" “ Not now. Mayb e late r." 1 like / 1’d like tomato es , but 1 don ’ t εat them very often. What time do YOU like / would YOU like to have dinner tonight? “ Do you like / Would you like sO l11 e thing to ea 션” “ N 0 , thanks. 1’ 111 not hungr y." “ Do YOu like / Would yo u like your new job ?" “ Yes , 1’ m e njoy1ng 1t ” 1’ 111 tired. 1 like / 1’d like to go to b e d now “ I like / 1’d like a sa ndwi c h , plea se ." “ Sure. 재r hat kind of sa ndwic h?" 12. “ α( hat kind of 111usic do vou like / would YO L1 like? ” “ All kinds."
5. 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 1 1.
71
l ’ d rather . . . Would yo u like to sit here ? No, th anks |’d rather sit I on the floor
Ann likes to sit on the tloo r. She does n ’t want to sit on a ch ai r. So sh e says: I ’d rather sit on the tloo r. (= 1 wo uld prefer to sit o n the flo o r. )
I ’'d ra ther ... = 1 would rather . .. 1 would rather do so m ething
= 1 would prefer
Positive
Negative I ’'d rather
(1 would rather)
I I
do stay h ave be
to do so m ething: Question
I ’d rather not
(1 would rather not)
do stay h ave be
would yo u rather
do . .. ? stay .. . ? have ... ? be . . . ?
• •
1 do n ’t really want to go o ut . 1’'d rather stay ho m e. (= 1’d prefer to stay ho m e) “ Sho uld we go n ow?" “ N o , n o t yet . 1’d rather wait until late r." 1’d like to go n ow, but Tom would rather wait untillate r. 1 don ’t like to be late. 1’d rather be earl y.
• • • •
1’ m fee li ng tired . 1’d rather not go out to night. (= 1’d prefer n ot to go o ut) Su e is feeling tired . Sh e ’d rather not go out to ni ght . We ’re no t hungry. We ’'d rather not eat yet. “ Wo uld yo u like to go out tonight?" “ I ’d rather not ." (= 1’d rath er n o t go o ut)
•
“ Would yo u rather have milk or juice?"
•
W hich would yo u rather do - go to the movies or wa tch a DVD at h om e?
• l
‘ 'Juice , please."
We say “ I ’'d rather do som ething" (not to do something) • 1’d rather sit on the tloo r. (no t 1’d rather to sit) • Sue would rather not go out. (ωno이t would rather n o t to prefer to do so me앉t야“ h1Um1mIn1g” 1’d prefer to sit on th e tloo r. Su e would prefer not to go o u t.
B ut we •
•
g。이)
sa 쩌 y ‘“‘' 1"’녕 d
You can say “ I ’'d rather . ‘ . than ... • 1’d rather go out than stay h o me. • 1’d rather h ave a dog than a cat . • We ’'d rather go to the m ovies than wa tch a DVD at hom e • 1’d rather be at h om e right now than here.
U N I T
Exercises 36.1 Look at the pictures and complete B’5 sentences. Use I'd rather .... B
A
1.
No, thanks. on the floor
Would you like to sit here?
…-
ι‘
I'd r.α ther sit
2.
、
Don ’ t you want to watch TV?
No , I book
Would you like some tea?
Well , coffee if you have some
3.
‘
. -
4.
Should we go out now?
until it stops raining.
36.2 Complete these questions. Use would you rather .. 1. Do you want to go out , or would vou rather staY home? 2. 3. 4. 5.
Should we have dinner now, or Would you like a glass ofjuice , or Do you want to go to the movies , or Should we ca11 your brother tonight , or
later? water? TV? tomorrow morning?
36.3 Complete the sentences with a verb. Sometimes you need to. 1. 1’d rather
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
프gι_
home tonight. 1’d prefer not t으4으 out. Should we walk home , or would you rather a tax1? Do you want me to come with you , or would you prefer alone? Mary doesn ’ t want to go to co11ege. She ’d rather ajob “ Can 1 help you with your suitcase?" “ No , thank you. r’d rather it mysel f." 1’d rather not him. 1’d prefer him a lette r.
36.4 Answer these questions about yourself. Use I ’ d rather ... than. 1. Which would you prefer to be - a bus driver or an airplane pilot? /닝
rather be a bus driver than an airolane oilot
2. Which would you prefer to be - a journalist or a school teacher? 3. Where would you prefer to live - in a big city or a sma11 town? 4. Which would you prefer to have - a sma11 house or a big one? 5. Which would you prefer to study - electronics or philosophy? 6. Which would you
preflεr
to watch - a soccer game or a movie?
73
00 this!
Oon ’ t do that!
Let’5 do this!
Come in
Be careful! Don ’ t fall
We use come / look/ go / wait/ do / be , et c., when we tell somebody to do something: • “ Come here and look at this." “ What is it?" • 1 don ’ t want to talk to you. Go away! • 1’ m not ready ye t. Please wait for me. • Please be quie t. 1’ m working. also
•
•
Bye! Have a good trip! / Have a nice time! / Have a good f1 ight! / Have fun! (= 1 hope you have a good trip , etc.) “ Have some cand y." “ Oh , thanks." (= would you like some candy?)
We use don ’ t ... when we tell somebody not to do something • Be careful! Don ’ t fall. • Please don ’ t go. Stay here with me • Be here on time. Don ’ t be latε. You can say Let ’ s ... when you want people to do things with you. (let ’ s • It ’s a nice day. Let ’ s go out. (= you and 1 can go out) • Come on! Let ’ s dance. (= you and 1 can dance) • Are you ready? Let ’s go. • • •
Let ’s have fish for dinner tonight. A: Should we go out tonight? B: No , I ’ m tired. Let ’s stay home.
The negative is Let ’ s not • It ’s cold. Let ’ s not go ou t. Let ’s stay home • Let ’ s not have fish for dinner tonight. Let ’s have chicken. • 1’ m tired of arguing. Let ’ s not do it anymore
sh 허|
we
?•
Unit 29
= let us)
U N
Exercises
T
7
37.1 look at the pictures. What are the people saying? Some sentences are positive (buy/come , et c.) and some are negative (don't buy / don ’ t come , et c.). Use these verbs: be
buy
1
eome |
냥판tHξ
drop
have
Oon't drink
2.
nl
forget
sít 3.
sleep
smile
It’5 too expenslve
the water
It.
“‘-
~ ’l
OK, are you read y?
4
5.
6.
Bye! a nlce tlme
on the cat!
7.
8.
9.
|’ m gOlng
to bed now
to cal l me
vase
ca refu I with that it !
wel l.
Don’ t worry. I won ’t.
37.2 Complete the sentences. Use let's with: Ó'-'
--?•
이 J
A 4
,
_ ___ ! .__
I'__ .L'-"‘
,.,.
.......
Jl .. JI....
go to a restaurant
「 3
Would you like to play tennis? Do you want to walk home? Shall 1 put a CD on? Should we have dinner at home? Would you like to go now?
No , No , No , No , No ,
take the bus
wait a little
watch TV
/et 's ao for a swim
37.3 Answer with No, don't ... or No, let 's not ... 1l ?」 껴 j A 야I
ζJ
/0 「/
8.
Shall 1 wait for you? Should we go home now? Shall we go out? Do you want me to close the window? Should 1 call you tonight? Do you think we should wait for Andy? Do you want me to turn on the light? Should we take a taxi?
N 0 , don't wait for me N 0 , /et 's not ao home vet
75
there is
there are
뻐 없때 뼈
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
There ’ s a m an o n the roof
There ’ s a train at 10 :30.
There are seven days in a week.
Singular I
there is • • • ? is there there is not ..
(there ’s)
• •
(there isn't or there ’ s not)
•
There ’ s a big tree in th e ya rd . There ’ s no thing o n TV to night. A: D o yo u have any m o ney? B: Yes , there ’s som e in my wallet. A : Excuse m e , is there a h o tel n ear h ere? B: Yes , there is. / No , there isn't. W e can 't go skiing. There isn't any snow.
• •
Plural there are • • • P are there there are not . . .
• • •
(there aren ’ t )
There are som e big trees in the yard. There are a lo t of accidents o n this roa d A: Are there any res taurants nea r here? B: Yes , there are. / N o , there aren ’ t. T his restaurant is very qui et. There aren ’t m any p eople h ere. H ow m any players are there o n a socce r tea m ? There are 11 players o n a socce r tea m
• • •
There is and it is there is
1t 1S
←~ ~
••••
c3
m 염
_C-
‘-
,.‘ , · m
썼
~;:::< .... ';_
ιν
/l，‘、
‘,,_,. .
·n = *l‘ pm
앨때
y--
There ’ s a book o n the table. (not It’s a book on the table.)
l k ·---·m·n
r
Co mpare: • “ What ’s that noise ?" “ It ’s a train ." (It = that noise) There ’ s a train at 10 :30 . 1t’s a fast train. (It = the 10 :30 train) •
There ’ s a lo t of salt in this so up. 1 don ’t like this soup. It ’ s too salty. (It
there was / were / has been , etc
•
= this so up)
Unit 39 it and there • Unit 40 some and any -• Unit 77
U N I T
Exercises
38.1 Springfield is a small town. Look at the information in the box and write sentences about Springfield with There ;slare or There ;sn'tlaren ’ t. a golf co urse? 2 any restaurants? 3. a h ospital? 4 a swimmin g p oo l? 5 any movi e th ea ters? 6. a u nive rsity? 7. any big hotels?
No Yes (a lot) Yes No Yes (two) No No
2.
Th ere i5n't a 9 0/f cour5e Th ere are a /ot 0f re5taurant5
3. 4.
5 6. 7.
38.2 Write sentences about your town (or a town that you know). Use There ;slare or There ;sn ’ tlaren ’ t. L 2
7here are a few re5taurant5 7heres a bia oark
3 4 5 6
38.3 Write there ;s I there ;sn ’ t I ;s there or there are I there aren ’ t I are there.
빠
뎌
「시
’ 에
뼈 」 찌
뼈
때
…ππω
1. Sprin gfi eld isn ’ t an old town. 깨ere arent any old buildin gs . 2. Loo k! a ph otograph of yo ur broth er in th e newspaper! 3. “ Exc use ll1 e, a bank nea r here?" “ Yes , at the end of th e blo ck." 4 five peop le in ll1 y fa ll1 ily: ll1y parents, ll1 y two sisters, and 111e 5 n w S in the class? " “ Twenty-” LF 6 e n u m ll1 u ch traffic. 7. a bu s from downtown to th e airport? " “ Yes , every 20 ll1 inutes." any pro blems?" “ N o , eve rythin g is O K ." 8. 9. nowh ere to sit down. any chairs. nqi
eight 1i
letters players planets
빼γ앙
days states
September the United States a basketball team
뼈
s-e￥ en
twenty-slx thirty fifty
”‘
샤 M
five
빼繼
38.4 Write sentences with There are .... Choose from the boxes.
the English alphabet
7here are 5even dav5 in a week
?ι j 끼
4
,
「3
/0
38.5 Write there's I is there or it's / is it. 1. “ Th ere '5 a Ði ght at 10:30." “ 」잉t 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
a no nstop flight ì " 1’ 111 no t going to buy thi s shirt too expenslve. “ What ’s wrong?" “ sO ll1 ething in ll1 y eye." yo urs? a red ca r outside yo ur hous e. “ anything good on TV tonight? " “ Yes , “ What ’s that bui ldin g?" “ a 5ch oo 1." “ a res taurant in thi 5 ho te l? " “ No , I’ 111 afraid no t."
a 1110vie at 8:00."
77
there was/were there will be There was / there were
there has/have been
φ a s t)
@홈 There is a train eve ry h ou r. T h e time n ow is 11:1 5 There was a train at 11 :00.
Compare: there is / are φ rese/띠 • There is a good nature program o n TV to night • We are staying at a ve ry big ho te l. There are 1, 250 roo ms. • Are there any pho ne m essages for m e this m o rning? • 1’ m hungry, but there isn ’ t anything to ea t.
There has been / there have been (present
there was / were φ ast) • There was a goo d n ature p rogram on T V last nigh t. • We stayed at a very big h o te l. There were 1 ,250 roo ms. • Were there any pho n e m essages fo r m e yesterday? • 1 was hungry w h en 1 got h o m e , but there wasn't anything to eat.
peife띠
• •
Loo k! There ’ s been an acciden t. (there ’ s been = th ere has been) T his road is very dangero us. There have been m any accidents o n it.
Compa re there was ψast): • There was an accident last night . (notThere has been an accident last nigh t. ) There ’ s been an acciden t.
For simple past and prese nt p erfec t , see Unit 2 1.
There will be • • •
Do yo u think there will be a lo t of p eople at the party o n Saturday? T h e manager of th e company is leaving , so there will be a new m anager soo n. 1’ 111 going o ut of town to m orrow. 1’ m packing my things today beca use there won ’ t be time tom o rrow. (there won't be = there will not b e)
There will be ra in tomorrow afternoon was/were • Unit 10 has/have been • Units 16-17 will • Unit 28 there is/are • there and it • Units 38. 40 some and any • Unit 77
Unit 38
U N I T
Exercises 39.1
Look at the two pictures. Now the room is empty, but what was in the room last week? Choose from the box and write sentences with There was ... or
There were .... an armchair some books last
a carpet 웅f놈하t
some flowers three pictures
a sofa a small table now
1νeek
g
..흑그
ζ ..
·。
1l
There wos
0 c/ock
on the wall near the window on the f1 00 r. on the wall near the door in the middle of the room. on the table on the shelves in the corner nεar the doo r. opposite the armchair
?i 꺼 j
44
,
ζJ
/0 「/ 0‘。
there was / there wasn ’ t / was there or there were / there weren ’ t/ were there.
39.2 Write
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
anything to eat. W'e re there any phone messages for me yesterday? n m I opened the envelope , but it was empty. a N mn p “ We stayed at a very nice hote l." “ Really? “ Did you buy any cherries?" “ No , any at the store." The wallεt was empty. any money 111 1t “ many people at thε meeting?" “ N 0 , very few." We didn ’ t visit the museum. enough time. I ’ m sorry I ’ m late. a lot of traffic many tourists here. N ow there are a lo t. Twenty years ago
39.3 Write 1. 끼/ ← 껴、)
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10.
에
3.
there wosn't
뱅
2.
I was hungry, but
뼈
1.
”
(/·
there + is / are / was / were / has been / have been / w il/ be.
7nere wO5
a good program on TV last n igh t. 24 hours in a day. a party at work last Friday, but I didn ’ t go “ a drugstore at the end of the block." “매There can I buy a newspaper?" a robbery." “ “ Why are the police outsidε the bank?" a long line outside. When we got to the theater , somebody at the airport to meet you When yo u arrive tomorrow, 500 children in the schoo l. N ow Ten yεars ago more than a thousand. Last weεk I went back to thε town w h ere I was born. It ’s very different now. a lot of cha nges. any problems I think everythin g wi ll be OK. I don ’t think
79
It ... We use it fo r timel day I distan ce / weather : tlme
• • • •
W hat time is it? It’s half past 10 . It’s la te It’s time to go h o m e
-----‘--‘,.
U
F3
16th
distance
-
-
원
-
--
--
2 miles
tνeather \ | ι 、、
-
……
m
1m
m
V/
얹
‘,‘‘-
””
-h
%η
MARCH
M M
jq
띠 써
c3
%/
따 “ω바
1 Q
따띠
giι1
--
따돼
-‘ ----
day
””
•
It’s two miles fro m o ur h o use to downtown.
•
H ow fa r is it fro m N ew Yo rk to Los Angeles? It’s a lo n g way fro m h ere to the airp o rt. We ca n walk h om e. It isn ’t fa r
•
•
We use far in qu es tions (is it far?) and negatives (it isn ’ t far). 1n positive se nten ces , we use a long way (it ’ s a long way). • • • •
It’s rammg. It isn ’t rammg. Is it snowing? It rains a lot h ere. It didn ’t rain yesterday.
Does it snow ver y often? It’s wa rm / hotl cold l nicel cloudy Iwindy Is unny I clearl dry I humid lfoggy I dark , et c. It’s a ni ce day today.
Com pare it and there : • It rains a lo t in the w inte r. It’s very rainy in the w inte r. There is a lot of rain in the w inte r. • It was very windy yesterday. There was a strong wind yesterday. It’s nice to . - - , etc. It’s • • •
easy I diffic ult I i n~possiblε I dangerous I safe expensive I interesting I nice I wonderful I terrible , etc
to
It’s n ice to see you again. It’s imp ossible to understand her It wasn ’t easy to find your house .
Do n ’t forget it • It’s ra mmg again. (not 1s raining again) • Is it true that yo u ’ re m oving to D allas? (not 1s tru e that ... ) there is • Units 38-39
- ‘·
l
1
It 's rainin9
4.
5 6
2
3
40.2 Write;t;s (i t 's) or ;s ;t. 1. What time IS Jt ? 2. We have to go now. very late. 3. tru e that Bill can fl y a heli copter? 4 “ Wh at day today? Tuesday?" “ No , Wednesday." 5. 10 kilo m eters from dow ntown to th e airport 6. OK to ca ll you at th e 0 태 ce? 7 “ Do yo u want to wa lk to the h ote!?" “ I don ’ t kn ow. H ow fa r 8. Li sa ’s birthday toda y. She ’s 27. 9 . 1 do n ’ t beli eve it' imp ossible ’
;l"
40.3 Write questions with How far ... ? (h ere / th e station) 2 . (the ho tel / th e beac h) 3. (N ew York / Was hin gton) 4 . (yo ur ho use / the airport) 1.
How far How
1’S
it from here to the station?
40.4 Write;t or there. 1. The weather i s 따 so nice today. It ’s cloudy. 2. 7here was a strong wind yesterday. 3 ’'s hot in this room. O pen a window. 4. was a ni ce day yesterday. was war l11 and sunny 5. was a sto r l11 last nigh t. Did yo u hea r it? 6 . [ was afraid be ca use was ve ry dark. ’s often cold here , but lsn ’ t mu ch rain. 7. 8 ’s a lo ng way from h ere to th e nea res t gas station
40.5 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes. 값짧 ett l t
dangerous m
·팽
lt ’s
總
easy impossible
1. 1f yo u go to b ed late ,
2. 3 4. 5. 6.
to
work in this offi c e visit different places see you agaln
-- ‘ S “
~-
-- ‘ ..... _1_ ...
“ Y
‘~~‘ J
go out alone make 상 iend s
s difficult to aet ut:J ear/v
l t'
H ell o , ]ane. Everybody is very ni ce at work 1 like travelin g. Som e cities are no t safe
in the morning . How are yo u ;l . Th ere is too l11 u ch no ise.
at night
81
I am , I don ’ t , etc. |’ m not
tired . Do you like tea? No, I don ’ t
I am
Yes. I do
Sh e isn ’ t tired , but he is . (he is = h e is tired)
H e likes tea , but she doesn't. (she doesn ’ t = sh e doesn ’ t like tea)
In these examples , it is not n ecessary to rep eat so m e words (“ h e is tired ," “ sh e doesn ’t like tea") . Yo u can use these verbs in the same way: am / is / are was / were have / has do l does l did can will might should
• •
•
• •
1 h aven ’ t seen the m ovie , but my sister has. (= my sister has see n th e movie) A : Please help m e. B: 1’ m so rry. 1 can't. (= 1 ca n 't h elp you) A : Are you tired ? B: 1 was , but 1’ rn not n ow. (= 1 was tired , but 1’ m no t tired n ow ) A : Do you think Jan e will call toni ght? 、 B: She rnight. (= sh e might call) A : Are yo u going to study to night? B: 1 should , but 1 probably won't . (= 1 should study, but 1 probably w o n ’ t study)
Yo u ca nnot use ’ m l ’ sl ’ ve , et c. (s hort Jorms) , in this way.Yo u must use arn / is / have , etc.: • She isn 't tired , but h e is. (not . .. but h e ’s) But you can use isn't I haven ’ t I won ’ t , et c. (negative short Jo rms): • M y sister has seen the movie , but 1 haven ’ t. • “ Are you and Jan e wo rking tomorrow? " “ 1 am , but Jan e isn ’ t." Yo u ca n use 1 am I 1’ rn not , etc. , after l “ Are yo u tired?" “ Yes , I am. I l “ Will Bill be here to m o rrow?" l “ Is there a bus to th e airp o rt?"
Yes and N 0 : N o , 1’ m not." “ Yes , h e will. I N o , h e won ’t ” “ Yes , th ere is. I No , there isn't."
We use do / does fo r the simple p resent (see Units 6-7 ) • 1 don ’t like h o t wea th er , but Sue does. (= Su e likes h o t weather) • Sue wo rks hard , but 1 don ’ t. (= 1 do n ’ t wo rk hard) • “ D o you enj oy yo ur work? " “ Yes , 1 do." W e use did for the simple past (see Unit 12): • A : Did yo u and C hri s like the movie? • B: 1 did , but C hris didn ’ t. (= 1 liked it , but C hris didn ’t like it) l “ 1 had a goo d time." “ 1 did , too." (= 1 had a goo d time , too) • “ Did it rain yesterday?" “ No , it didn't."
You have? / Have you?, et c. • Unit 42 so am 1/ neither do 1, et c. • Unit 43
U N I T
Exercises 41.1
Complete these sentences. Use only one verb (is/have/can , et c.) each time. 1. Kate wasn ’ t hungry, but we were 2. 1’ m not married , bur my b ro th er 3. ß ill ca n ’t h elp yo u , but 1
4. 1 have n ’ t rea d th e b oo k , but To m J. Karen wo n ’ t be here , but C hri s 6. Yo u we ren ’ t Iate , bur 1
41.2 Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn't/haven't/can't, et c.). 1. M y sister can pl ay th e pi ano , but 1
c쁘 't
.
Sa m is wo rking to day, but 1 3 . 1 was wo rking , but my fri end s 2.
4. M ark has been to C hina , but 1 5. 1’ m rea dy to go , but TO Il1 6. 1’ ve see n the m ovie , but Kim
41.3 Complete these sentences with do/does/did or don't/doesn't/didn't. 1.
2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
1 do n ’ t Ii ke ho t wea ther , but Sue _쁘똥 Sue Iikes h o t wea th er, but 1 d쁘L ι1 y m other wea rs glasses , but ll1 y fath er Yo u don ’ t know Paul ve r y well , but 1 1 didn ’t ε njoy th e party, bu t my fri ends 1 do n't watch T V mu ch , but Peter Kate lives in C anada , but her parents Yo u had brea kfas t this 1l1 0 rnin g , but 1
.
41.4 Complete the sentences. Write about yourself and other people. 1 didn ’ t 2. 1 like 3. 1 do n ’t 1.
qo
out last nlah t. but mv {rlends dld , but , but
4. 1’ m 5. 1 have n ’ t
41.5 Put in a verb , positive or negative. ea rli er, bur 1’ n1 no t nový." “ 1 ~액E yes terday Steve is happy today, but he T he sto res aren 't ope n ye t , but the post offi ce 1 do n ’t have a telescope , but 1 know som ebody w h o 1 wo uld like to h elp yo u , but 1’ m so rr y 1 1 do n ’t us ually drive to wo rk , but 1 yesterday. A : H ave yo u eve r bee n to Costa Ri ca? B: N o , but Sandra . She we nt th ere on vaca tio n last yε a r. “ Do yo u and Luke wa tch T V a lo t" ’ “ 1 , but Luke does n ’ t ." 1’ ve bee n invi ted to Sam ’s wed ding , but Kate “ Do yo u think Sa rah w iII pass her driving tes t?" “ Yes , 1’ 111 sure sh e “ Are yo u going o ut to ni ght?" “ 1 _ .. . Id on ’ t kn ow for sure."
1. “ Are yo u tired ?"
2. 3. 4‘
5. 6.
7‘ 8. 9. 10 11
"
•
41.6 Answer these questions about yourself. Use Yes, I have. / No, I ’ m not. , et c. 1. Are yo u ßra z ili a n ?
꾀으111m
not.
2. Do yo u have a ca r?
3 . Do yo u feel OK? 4. Is it snowing? j . Are yo u hungry? 6. Do yo u like classical l11 usic? 7 . Will yo u be in ß os to n to m o rrow' 8 . H ave yo u eve r broken yo ur ar ll1 ? 9. D id yo u buy anything yes terday? 10 낸1e re yo u asleep at 3:00 a. m .?
83
You have? |’ ve
Have you?
bought a new car.
|’ m writin g
Oh , you have?
Are you?, etc.
You are?
I don ’ t like George.
a book.
‘I[
You are? What about?
You don ’ t? Why not?
You can say you have? / it is? / he can ’ t? , etc. , to show that you are interested or surprised: l “ You ’ re late." “ 1 am? 1’ m sorry ,, • “ 1 was sick last week." “ You were? 1 didn ’ t know that." • “ It’s ra1lung agam-” “ It is? It was sunny 10 minutes ago." • “ There ’s a 1 εtter for you." “ There is? Where is it?" • “ Bill can ’ t drive." “ He can't? 1 didn ’t know that." • “ I ’ m not hungry-” “ You aren 년 1 an1." • “ Sue isn ’ t at work today." “ She isn ’ t? Is sh e sick? " U se do / does for the simp Le present and did for the simpLe past: • “ 1 speak four languages." “ You do? Whi ch ones?" • “ Tim doesn ’ t ea t m ea t." “ He doesn ’ t? Does he eat fish?" • “ Nicole got marri ed last week." “ She did? Really?"
Tag q“es tions
4
nr
이
u
P」
N o , it ’s m y mother ’s N o , I haven ’t No , she do es n 't. N o , I ’ m never late.
” < nF
」”
am , I don't , et c. • Unit 41
is it? have you? does she? will you?
’
·‘”·’ 、/
sentence -• Posítive tag question
That isn ’ t yo ur ca r , You haven ’ t m et my m o ther, Sally doesn ’ t go o ut much , You won ’ t b e late ,
I
Yes , it ’s perfec t. Yes , that ’s right Yes , 1 think so Yes , ver y nice. Yes , probably
V I
·야 잉
Negatiνe
-- RU
r
tag qu estion
isn ’ t it? doesn ’ t she? didn ’ t you? aren ’ t they? won ’ t he?
배
It’s a ni ce day, Sally lives in Portland , You closed th e window, Those shoes are ni ce , Tom will b e here soo n ,
」U
l'、Tegat íve
’
i
quest1ons ” are tag questlons.
Posítive sente nce -+
때
치111ni
l
「 d
Th ese
t
J -、
You can use have you? / is it? / can't she? , etc. , at the end of a se ntence
U N
Exercises
T
4
42.1 Answer with You do? / She doesn ’ t? / They did? , etc.
2. 3. 4. ?3 /0
I speak four languages. I work in a bank.
You do
P
Which ones? P I work in a bank , to o. ? Were yo u sick? ; Why not? ; 1 feel fine. ? What did sh e say?
1 didn ’t go to work yesterday. Jane doesn ’ t like me. You look tired. Kate called me last night.
42.2 Answer with You have? I You haven't? / She did? / She didn't? , et c. 1l
?i 끼 j
4 5 6 7 8 9 4--0 11
12
I ’ve bought a new ca r. Tim doesn ’ t eat meat. I ’ ve lost my ke y. Sue can ’ t drive.
You have
p
He doesn't
? P ?
I was born in Ital y. 1 didn't sleep welllast night.
?
There ’s a football game on TV tonight. I ’ m not happ y. I saw Paula last week. Maria works in a factor y. 1 won ’t be here next week. The clock isn't working.
;
;
P p
? p >
What kind is it? Does he eat fi sh? When did yo u have it last? She sh o uld lea rn. I didn ’ t know that Was th e bed uncomfortable? Are yo u going to wa tch it? Why not? How is sh e? What kind of factory? Where will yo u be? 1t was wo rking yes terday.
42.3 Complete these sentences with a tag question (isn't it? / haven't you? , et c.). It’s a nice day,
2. 3. 4. J.
6.
7.
lsn It lt
These flowers are ni ce , Jane was at the party, You ’ ve been to Chile , You sp eak Thai , Billlooks tired , You 'll help m e ,
?
p
? ‘/
; ; P
Yes , it ’s beautiful Yes , what kind are they? Yes , but I didn ’t speak to he r. Yes , many times Yes , but not very well. Yes, h e works very hard. Yes , of course I will.
42.4 Complete these sentences with a tag question , positive (is it? / do you? , et c.) or negative (i sn't it? / don ’ t you? , etc.). --이 / -꺼、 )
44I
R J /0 「/
n x U
Q /
You have n ’ t eate n yet , You aren ’ t tired , Lisa is a ve ry ni ce p erso n , You can play the piano , You don ’t know Mike ’s slster , Sarah went to college , The movie wasn ’ t very good , Anna lives n ear yo u , You won ’ t tell anybody what I said ,
쁘쁘g딛
?
P P ?
P P p
P ;
No , I ’ m not hungry. No , I feel fine. Yes, everybody likes he r. Yes , but I ’ m not very good. No , I ’ ve never met he r. Yes , she studied psychology. N 0 , it was terrible. Yes , just a few blocks awa y. N 0 , of course no t.
85
so am 1/ neither do 1, etc.
too/either
r~
r/
”
‘
--4
x
빼
””「
내
l
κm π뺨나씨 삐
We use too and either at the end of a sentence wm m t c g h m” e A-- I ’ m • [ / B- I ’ m h m , A---I -K m e B I ‘.‘ m e d m 0 rL ·u U)mr I· “u a d ) : mJ m ι
κ ’
J
πm 1
뼈
Q ι
바 따 ηM
We use either after a nega tive verb : • A: 1’ m n ot h appy. B: I ’ m not happι either. (not 1’ m n ot ... , too.) • A : 1 can ’ t cook. B: Ican't , either. (η ot 1 can 't , too) • Bill doesn ’t watch T V. He doesn ’ t read n ewsp ap ers, either.
”
1
r
“
happy. )
m m
빼‘며
…
|’ m not
뼈
I'm happy. )
m
」tx
빼
Too and either
so am 1 / neither do 1, etc.
”
-
.,ø
JU
%
Au
밍 α삐
f
빼빼빼
am
|’ m happy. !
|’ m not
n
happy. r '-
‘
e
,
”
neither
I
50 am 1. )
have/has • • can will ... should ...
•
f Neither am 1. “‘
so am 1 = 1 am , too so have 1 = 1 h ave , too (et c.) : • A: 1’ m working. B : So am 1. (= 1’ m working , too) • A: 1 was late for work to day. B: So was Sam. (= Sam was late , too) • A: 1 work in a b ank. B: So do 1. • A: We went to the m ovies last night . B: Yo u did? So did we. • A : 1’d like to go to A ustralia. B: So would 1.
neither am 1 = 1’ m n ot , either neither can 1 = 1 can 't , either (etc.): • A : 1 haven ’ t b een to C hina. B: Neither have 1. (= 1 haven ’t , either) • A: Kate can't cook . B : Neither can Tom. (= Tom can ’ t , either) • A : 1 won't (= w ill no t) b e h ere tom orrow. B: Neither will 1. • A : 1 never go to the m ovies. B : Neither do 1.
Remember: So am 1 (not So 1 am) , Neither have 1 (not Neither 1 have).
I
am , I don ’ t , et c. • Unit 41
U N I T
Exercises 43.1
4
Write too or either. 1 ?• 꺼 j
44
,
{3 ζU 「/
I ’ m happy, too I ’ m not hun gry, I ’ m gomg out , lt rained on Sunday, Sh e can ’ t ride a bicycle , 1 don ’t like to go shopping , H er father is a teacher,
I ’ m happy. I ’ m not hungr y. I ’ m gomg out. It rained on Saturday. Jenny can't drive a ca r. 1 don ’t like to go shopping. Linda ’s mother is a teache r.
43.2 Answer with So .. . 1 (So am 11 So do 11 So --이
‘ 꺼、 )
/
4.
5. 6.
1 went to bed 1ate 1ast night. I ’ m thirsty I ’ve a1ready read this book. 1 need a vacation. 1’ 11 be 1ate tomorrow. 1 was very tired this morning.
•
can 1, et c.).
50 did 1.
Answer with Neither ... ,. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1.
1 can ’ t go to the part y. 1 didn ’ t ca11 A1ex last nigh t. 1 haven ’ t eaten 1unch yet. 1’ m not going out tonigh t. 1 don ’ t know what to do.
43.3 You are talking to Maria. Write sentences about yourself. Where possible , use So ... 1 or Neither ... ,. Look at these examples carefully:
|’ m tired
today ‘
I don ’ t work hard.
You can answer:
50 am 1.
OR
/'m not.
You can answer:
N either do 1
OR
1 do
Maria 1.
2. 3. 4.
5 6 7
8 9
10. 1 1. 12.
You
I ’ m studying English 1 can ride a bicycle. I ’ m not American. 1 like to cook. 1 don ’t like c01d weathe r. 1 s1ept we11 last night. I ’ ve never been to India. 1 don ’ t use my phone much. I ’ m going out tomorrow nigh t. 1 wasn ’ t sick last week. 1 didn ’ t watch TV last nigh t. 1 go to the movies a 10t.
87
isn ’ t , haven ’ t , don ’ t , etc. (negatives) We use not (n 't) in negative sentences
Posítíve
•
am IS
are was were have has will can could should would must
Negatíve am not (’ m not) is not (isn 't or ’ s not) are not (aren ’ t or ’ re not) was not (wasn ’ t ) were not (weren ’ t) have not (haven ’ t) has not (hasn't) will not (won't) cannot (can ’ t) could not (couldn ’ t) should not (shouldn ’ t) would not (wouldn ’t) must not
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
1’ m not tired. It isn ’ t (or It ’s not) raining. Theyaren ’ t (orThey ’ re not) here. Brian wasn ’ t hungry. The stores weren ’ t open. 1 haven ’ t finished my work Sue hasn ’ t been to Mexico. We won ’ t be here tomorrow. George can ’ t drive. 1 couldn ’ t sleep last nigh t. You shouldn ’ t work so hard. 1 wouldn ’ t like to be an acto r. They must not have a ca r.
don ’ t I doesn ’ t I didn ’t
Símple present negatíve
I/ we / youlthey
he / shelit I/ they/ he/ she , et c.
Símple past negatíve
do not (don ’ t) does not (doesn ’ t)
work/ live / go , etc.
did not (didn ’t)
Posítive
-+
Negatiνe
1 want to go out They work hard. Liz plays the guitar My father likes his job 1 got up early this morning. They worked hard yesterday We played tennis. Diane had dinner with us
-+
1 don ’ t want to go out. They don ’ t work hard. Liz doesn ’ t play the guita r. My father doesn ’ t like hisjob. 1 didn ’ t get up early this morning They didn ’ t work hard yesterday. We didn ’ t play tennis Diane didn ’ t have dinner with us.
-+ -+ -+
-•
-• -+ -+
Don ’ t ... Look! Wait for me.
-• -+
Don ’ t look! Don't wait for me.
뺑뼈빼
빼라
τ
뼈
μω
」U
〔 \니
Sometimes do is the main verb (don ’ t do I doesn ’t do I didn ’ t do): k r • Don ’ t do anything! m O R a R • Sue doesn ’ t do much on weekends. I AUM V m • 1 didn ’ t do what you said. /
simple present negative • Unit 6 simple past negative • Why isn ’ tldon ’ t ... ? • Unit 45
Unit 12 don ’t look / don ’ t wait, et c. •
Unit 37
U N I T
Exercises 44.1
44
Make these sentences negative. 1.
He ’s gone out.
4.It ’s cold toda y.
He hasn't gone out.
5. 매le ’ 11 be late 6 . You sho uld go.
2. They ’re married. 3. 1’ ve had dinne r.
44.2 Make these sentences negative. Use don ’ tldoesn ’ tldidn't. 1. She saw me. 5he didn't see m e. 2. 1 like cheese. 3. They understood.
4. H e Ii ves here 5. Go away! 6. 1 did th e dishes.
44.3 Make these sentences negative. 2 3‘ 4 5
She can't swim She can swim They ’ ve arrived I 、Ne nt to the bank He speaks japanese. We were angry.
H e ’ 11 be happy 7 Call me tonight. 8 It rained yes terday 9 1 could h ea r them 10. 1 b eli eve you. 6
44.4 Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn'tlhaven'tldon't, et c.). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 1 1. 12. 13. 14.
Theyaren ’ t rich. They _쁘ιt have much money. “ Would you like so m ethin g to ea t?" “ No , thank yo u. 1 hungr y." 1 find my gIasses. Have yo u see n them? Steve use e-mail mu ch. He ’d rath er talk o n the phone We ca n walk to the stati o n from here. It very fa r. “ Where ’s jane?" “ 1 know. 1 seen her today." Be careful l fall! We went to the movies last night. 1 like the movie very mu ch been to South Korea. 1’ ve been to japan many times , but 1 julia be h ere tomorrow. She ’ II b e o ut of town. “ Who broke that window?" “ No t me. 1 do i t." We didn ’ t see what happ ene d. We looking at th e time Lisa bought a new coat a few days ago , bu t she worn Jt yet drive so fast. It ’s dangerous. You
44.5 You ask Gary some questions. He answers “ Yes" or “ No." Write sentences about Gary, positive or negative.
Gary
You Are you married? Do you live in Los Angeles? Were you born in Los Angeles? Do you like Los Angeles? Would you like to live someplace else? Can you drive? Have you traveled abroad? Do you read the newspaper? Are you interested in politics? Do you usually watch TV at night? Did you watch TV last night? Did you go out last night?
I I I I I I I I I
No Yes No No Yes. Yes No. N o. No. Yes. N o. Yes.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I 7. I 8. I 9. 1 10 I 11 I 12.
He isn't married He /ives in Los An9 e/es
89
7
is it . . . ? have you (questions 1) Positive Qu es ti o η
와딛
You are eating.
are
Are you eating?
do they ... 1, etc.
Wh at are you ea ting?
In qu es tio ns , the first verb (is / are / have , etc.) is b efo re the subj ec t:
Pos itive
Q ues tion
subject + verb T hat sea t Sh e David Yo u T hey Paula
verb + subject
a l11 late. is free. was an gry. has go ne. have b ee n to ] apan . w i1l be h ere soo n. can s νV 1m
-+ -+
-• -+ -+ -+ -+
A l11 Is W hy was W h ere has Have Wh en w i1l Can
1 la te? that seat free ? she angry? David go n e? you bee n to ] apan ? they b e h ere? Paula swim?
Re m emb er: the subj ec t is after the first verb • • •
W h ere has David go ne? (not Where has go ne David?) Are those people waiting fo r something? (not Are wa iting . .. ?) Wh en was the telephone invented? (not W hen was inve nted . . . ?)
do ... ? I does ... ? I did .. . ?
Simple present ques tions Simple past questions
I/ w e/you l
they
do does
h e/sh elit
did
I/ they/ he/ she , etc.
P ositive
work/ live l gα etc. . . ?
Question
T h ey work hard . You watch television. C hris has a ca r. Sh e gets up ea rl y.
• -• •
Do th ey work hard? H ow o ftε n do yo u watch television ? Does C hris have a ca r? W hat time does sh e get up ?
T h ey worked hard . Yo u had di nne r. She got up earl y
• • •
Did they work hard ? W hat did yo u have for dinn er? 찌! h a t time did she get up ?
•
So m etimes do is the main verb (do yo u do I did h e do , et c.) : • W hat do yo u usually do o n weekends? • “찌Tha t does yo ur b ro ther do ?" “ H e works in a bank ." • “ 1 bro ke my fi nger last week." “ H ow did yo u do that?" (not H ow did yo u that?) Why isn 't ... ? I Why don ’ t ... ?, et c. (Why + 쨌ative) : • Where ’s ] ohn ? Why isn't he h ere? (no t Why h e isn ’t h ere?) • ￦hy can't Paula come to the m ee ting to mo r row? (not Why Paula can ’t . . . ?) • Why didn ’ t you call m e last night?
simple present questions • Unit 7 simple past questions • Unit 12 questions 2-3 • Units 46 -4 7 whatfwhich/how • Units 48-4 9
U N I T
Exercises 45.1
Write questions. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
10.
Can vOU swim 2 Ooes /ack work hard 2
(a nd yo u?)
}
(a nd Ja ck ?) (a nd yo u ?) (a nd Kate?) (a nd (a nd (a nd (and
you?) Pau l?) yo u?) Ni co le?)
깨삐 때
9.
1 can swim. 1 work h ard. 1 was late this morning I ’ve see n that movi e. I ’ 11 b e h ere tomorrow I ’ m going out tonight 1 like m y job. 1 live n ear here. 1 e nj oyed the mo vie. 1 h ad a good vacation.
(a nd yo u? ) (a nd yo u ?)
45.2 You are talking to a friend about driving. Write the full questions. You
I (h ave / a car?) 00 you have q car 2 2. I (u se / a lot?) 3 I (use / yes te rday?) 4 I (e njoy driving?) 5. I (a goo d drive r?) 6. l (eve r / have / an accid e nt?) 1
Yes , I do.
‘
Yes , almost every day. Yes , to go to work. Not very much. 1 think 1 am.
lt
‘
45.3
No , neve r.
Make questions with these words. Put the words in the right order. 1. (h as / go n e / where / David?) 2.
(wo rking / Rachel / is / today?)
has Oavid ßone 2 I5 R. achel workln4묘띤성
Wh , ere
3.
(the children / what / are / do in g?) What 4. (m ade / is / how / ch eese?) 5. (to the party / co ming / is / yo ur siste r?) 6 . (yo u / the truth / tell / don ’ t / w hy?)
7. (yo ur guests / have / ye t / arri ved?) 8 . (l eave / what tim e / yo ur pl an e / do es?) 9 . (to work / ] e nn y / why / go / didn 간) 10. (yo ur car / in the accident / was / damaged?) 45.4 Complete the questions.
1 2. 3. 4
5 6 7. 8. 9.
10. 1 1. 12
1 want to go out. Kate and Paul aren't going to the party. I ’ m reading. Sue went to bed early. My parents are going on vacation. 1 saw Tom a few days ago. 1 can ’t come to the party. Tina has moved. 1 need some money. Angela doesn ’t like me. It rains sometimes . 1 did the shopping.
Wh ere
do yOu want to
g으E
Why 쁘마펴똥양맺 2 What What time When Wh ere Why 매r here
H ow mu ch Why How ofte n When
91
Who sawyou? (questions 2)
Who did you see?
Sylvia
Sylvia saw Pau l. W ho saw Paul? Sylvia. (Sylvia saw him.) W ho did Sylvia see ? Pa u l. (S h e saw Pa ul.) Paul
Sylvial saw iPaul S씨‘ect
Object
S으lge h잉YJ saw Pa u l.
did Sylvia see?
Pau l. (S h e saw Pa u l.)
7
m
l
’n
Who ~ 、
없 짜 따
·m m e
h ‘뼈뼈 때
Vι
P
m ·n me
뼈
R’
β
F 써
Who l saw Paul? S 1 L
Sylvia saw I s으띤~þ ody .
who is the object Sylvia is the s때 ect
In these questions , who / what is the subject: • Who lives in this house? (= somebody lives in it - who?) (notWho does live?) • What happened? (= something happened - what?) (not What did happen?) • What ’s happening ? (What ’s = What is) • Who ’s got my keys? (Who ’s = Who has) In these questions , who / what is the object: • Who did you meet yesterday? (= you met somebody - w ho ?) • What did Paul say? (= Paul said something - what?) • Who are you calling? • What was Sylvia wearing? Compare : • George likes oranges. •
Jane won a new ca r.
• •
Who likes oranges? - Geo rge. What does George like? - Oranges . Who won a new car? - Jane. What did Jane win? - A new car.
Use who for people (somebody). Use what for things , ideas , etc. (som ething): l ￦ ho is your favorite singer? • ￦hat is your favorite song?
questions • Units 45 , 47 wha t!which/how • Unit 48
U N I T
Exercises
46.1 Make questions with who or what. In these questions , wholwhat is the subject. 1 2
3 4 5 6
VVho broke the window 2
Somebody broke the window. Something fell off the shel f. Somebody wants to see you. Somebody took my umbrella. Something made me sick. Somebody is coming.
What me?
46.2 Make questions with who or what (subject or object). m 영
m
이
m
·땅
What did you bUy2 Who /l ves in this house?
n ’m mw r m m 강 엉
k m% m ‘b m VJ
’ mm g
랴
WF E
m
J 띠
m
m
νm빠빠 따
ni
‘
μω
]
’h
%
」 ω
m
I
m
’
ιF
Qo
h
야
h
뼈 m 영
01 n
V J
뼈성씨씨
o m
뼈
Rι
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Ii
〔 、니
4 5 6
Lω
1 2 3
Jane did something. Something woke me up Somebody saw the accident. 1 saw somebody. Somebody has my pen. This word means something.
46.3 You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what. 1.
1 lost XXXXX yesterday, but fortunately XXXXX found it and gave it back to me.
2.
XXXXX called me last n igh t. She wanted XXXXX .
3.
1 needed some advice , so 1 asked XXXXX . He said XXXXX
4.
1 hear that XXXXX got married last week. XXXXX told me.
5.
1 met XXXXX on my way home tonight She told me XXXXX .
6.
Steve and 1 played tennis yesterday. XXXXX won. After the game , we XXXXX .
7.
1t was my birthday last week , and 1 got some presents. XXXXX gave me a book , and Catherine gave me XXXXX .
L'Vhat did vou /ose 2 uν ho found it? Who What
93
Who is she talking to? (questions 3)
What is it like?
一y ‘"'"'-‘-
-
Who is she talking to?
‘
----
Julia is talking to som ebody.
Jul ia
In questions beginning Who ... ? / What ... ? / Where ... ? / Which ... ?, prepositions (to / from / with , etc.) usually go at the end: • “ Where are yo u from ?" “ I ’ m from Thailand." • “J ack was afraid." “ What was he afraid o f? " • “ Who do these books belong to? " “ They ’re mine-” • “ Tom ’s father is in the hospital." “ Which hospital is h e in?" • “ Kate is going on vacation." “ Who with ?" / “ Who is she going with ?" • “ Can we talk?" “ Sure. What do yo u want to talk about?" What ’ s it like? / What are they like? , et c. Wha t' s your new house li ke? What ’ s it like? = What is it Ii ke? What ’s it like? = tell me something about it - is it good or bad , big or small , old or new, etc.? It ’5 very big
When we say “ What is it like? ," like is a preposition. It is not the verb like (Do you like your new house?).
•
A: There ’s a new restaurant near my h ouse. B: What ’ s it like ? Is it good? A: 1 don ’t know. 1 haven ’t eaten there yet.
•
A: What ’s your new teacher like ? B: She ’s very good. We learn a lot
•
A: 1 met Nicole ’s parents yesterda y. B: You did? What are they like ? A: T h ey ’re very ll1 ce.
•
A: Did you have a good vacation? What was the weath er like ? B: It was great. It was sunny every day.
questions • Units 45 -4 6 wha tJwhich/how • Unit 48 prepositions • Units 104- 114
U N I T
Exercises
47
47.1 You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with who or what.
Who is the
The letter is from XXXXX . 2.
I ’ m looking for a XXXXX .
3.
1 went to the movies with XXXXX .
4.
The movie was about XXXXX .
5.
1 gave the money to XXXXX .
6.
The book was written by XXXXX .
le감er
What
from 2
you
47.2 Write questions about the people in the pictures. Use these verbs + a preposition: go
listen
look
--t봐k-
2
talk
wait 4.
3. l ’ mg 이 ng
to a restauran t.
It was very good
Yes , very Interestlng ι4
1.
Who is she talkina to 2
2. What 3 찌까li c h re staurant
4. 재T hat 5 매T hat 6 . Whi ch bu s
47.3 Write questions with Which ... ? --?•
끼 J
4.
Tom ’s father is in the hospital We stayed at a hotel Jack plays for a football team. 1 went to schoo1 in this town
Which hostJIt al is he in 2 you
47.4 You want some information about another country. You ask somebody who has been there. Ask questions with What is/are ... like? 1. (the roads) W h, at are the roads lik e2 2. (th e food ) 3. (the p eopl e) 4. (the weath er)
47.5 Ask questions with What was/were ... like? 1. Your fri end has just come ba ck from a trip. Ask abo ut the weather
W hat
wα5
the weather IIke 2
2. Your friend has just co me ba ck from the movies . Ask about th e movie 3 . Your fri end ha s just finish ed a computer course. Ask about th e class es 4. Your friend has just come ba ck from a business trip. Ask about the hote l.
95
What ... ? Which (questions 4) What • • • •
+
7
How ... ?
noun (What color ... ? / What kind ... ?, etc.)
What What What What
color is your car? size is this shirt? tirne is it? kind ofjob do you want? (or
￦hat
• What color are your eyes? • What nationality is she? • What day is it today? type ofjob ... ? / What sort ofjob ... ?)
What without a noun: • 재7hat ’s your favorite co1or? • What do you want to do tonight? Which + noun (things or peop1e) • Which train did you catch - the 9:50 or the 10:30? • Which doctor did you see - Doctor Lopez , Doctor Gray, or Doctor Hill? We use which without a noun for things , not peop1e: • Which is bigger - Canada or Australia? We use who for peop1e (without a noun): • Who is taller - Joe or Gary? (η ot Which is taller?) What or which? We use which when we are thinking about a small number of possibilities (perhaps 2 , 3 , or 4): • We can go this way or that way. Which way shou1d we go? or or or • There are four umbrellas here. Which is yours? 댄THICH?
? •
? •
? •
What is more genera1: • What ’ s the capita1 of Argentina? (of all the cities in Argentina) • What kind ofmusic do you like? (ofall kinds ofmusic) Compare: • What color are his eyes? (ηotWhich c 이 or?) Which color do you prefer, pink or yellow? • What is the 10ngest river in the world? Which is the 10ngest river - the Mississippi , the Arnazon , or the Nile? How ... ?
• •
“ How was the party last night?" “ 1t was great." “ How do you get to work?" “ By bus."
You can use how +
“ How
I
a φ ectwe ι dverb
(how tall / how old / how
0 삼 en ，
et c.):
tall are you?" “ I ’ m five feet 10." (5 feet 10 inches or 1. 78 meters) hig is the house?" “ N ot very big." old is your mother?" “ She ’s 45." far is it from here to the airport?" “ Ten mi1es." (about 16 ki1ometers) often do you use yo ur car?" “ Every day." long have they been married?" “ Ten years." rnuch was the taxi?" “ Ten dollars."
questions • Units 45-4 7 How long does it take ... ? • Unit 49 which one(sl • Unit 76
? •
U N I T
Exercises 48.1
Write questions with What . .. ? 4l
?4
1) 끼 44T
RJ /0
VVhot size is it? (size ?) Whot kind of iob do you won t2 (kind?) (color?) What (time?) (type ?) (kind?)
This shirt is nice. 1 want a job. 1 have a new sweater 1 got up early this morning. 1 like music. 1 want to buy a car.
get up?
48.2 Complete the questions. Use Which ... ? Whlch wqK
should we go ì
3.
4.
THEATER2
do you want to see? 48.3 Write What/Which/Who.
뼈
d 0 y] u
O
d
넓
i
ν4
” nj e % p·
%
상
아때
•
(
”
1k m
desk
없
아} mι 야
ω 써
/ r ·
9 씨
쩌
」 ω
얘
(ιμ
없뼈
1
6. This is a nice office is yours? 7 g m 8 g
빽m 「때
Whot VVhich
is that man ’s name? 2. way should we go? Left or right? 3. You can have tea or coffee do you prefer? ”r qm ‘ ” 1d • n ‘ 4 p m y m R ”” t 5 1.
”
1iJr
% >-
10. A: 1’ ve got three cameras B: camera do you use most?
48.4 Complete the questions with How + adjective or adverb (high /l ong. et c.).
How hi9 h 2 3 4
5. 6
is Mount Everest? is it to the station? is Helen? do the buses run? is the watεr in the pool? have you lived here?
I
Over 29 ,000 feet. Almost two miles. She ’s 26 Every 10 minutes. Seven feet . Almost three years.
48.5 Write questions with How ... ? 1. Are you five feet nine? Five feet 10? Five feet 11? 2. Is this box one kilogram? Two? Three? 3. Are you 20 years old? 22? 25? 4. Did you spend $20? $30? $50? 5. Do you watch TV every day? Once a week? Never? 6. Is it 2 , 000 miles
삼om
H ow to// ore you?
NewYork to Los Angeles? 2 ,500? 3 , 000?
97
How long does it take ... ? How long does it take to get
삼om
... to ... ?
How long does it take to get from NewYork to Washington , D.c., by plane? It takes an hou r.
Washington , D. c~
• •
• •
How long does it take It takes several days to How long does it take It takes ten minutes to
to get from Los Angeles to NewYork by train? get 감 om Los Angeles to NewYork by train. to get from your house to the airport by car? get 삼om my house to the airport by ca r.
How long does it take to do something?
How long
does did will
lt take ke to . . . ?
takes took will take doesn ’t didn ’t won ’t
a we ek a long time three hours
take
long
• • •
How long does it take to cross the Atlantic by ship? “ 1 cam e by train." “ You did? How long did it take (to get here)?" How long will it take to get from here to the hotel?
•
It takes a long time to learn a language. It doesn ’ t take long to make an omelet It won ’ t take long to fix the compute r.
• •
to
How long does it take you to do something? does Hoα、wλν 애 I
will
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
takes It I took will take •
1 started reading the book on κ10nday. 1 finished it on Wednesday evening. It took me three days to read i t. • • •
• •
How long will it take me to learn to drive? It takes Tom 20 minutes to get to work in the morning. It took us an hour to do the shopping. Did it take you a long time to find a job? It will take me an hour to cook dinne r.
me Tom them
you Tom them a week a long time three hours
to
I to
.
>
U N I T
Exercises 49.1
look at the pictures and write questions with How long ... ?
3.
2.
1.
4
JFK
ξ
Airport
‘ r 1‘ Q
>
•..cÎty
1.
HOW
/ona does it take to aet from Rio de Janeiro to Lima bv
01α ne 2
2
3 4
49.2
How long does it take to do these things? Write f비 I sentences. 1.
fly from your city / country to Los Angeles l t takes about 11 hours to flv from Seou/ to Los Anae/es
2.
fly from your city / country to Au stralia
3.
b eco me a doctor in your co untry
4.
walk from your home to th e n ea rest supermarket
5. get from your house to the nearest airport
49.3 Write questions with How long did it take ... ? 1.
Oane found a job.)
2.
(1 walked to the station.)
3.
(Tom painted the bathroom. ) (f lea rned to ski.) (They repaired the compu te r. )
4.
5.
HOW
/ona did it take her to find a lob 2 you
49.4 Read the situations and write sentences with It took .. 1. 1 read a book last week. [ started rea ding it
011
Monday. 1 fini shed it th ree days later
l t took me three davs to read the book 2. We walked home last
night. 낸1e
left at 10:00 , and we got home at 10:20
3 . 1 learned to drive last yea r. 1 had my first driving lesso n in ]anuar y. 1 passed my driving test
six months later l e산
4.
Mark drove to Houston yesterday. He
home at 7:00 and got to Houston at 10:00
5.
Lisa began looking for a job a long time ago. She got a job last week.
6.
Write a sentence about
you 찌
99
00 you know where ... ? Idon ’ t know what ... , etc. 댄le
d
η7
N
a P‘
·
U
?
W
ea p Nh m pν
M
Fy l ’ M I DO m ’ k
r 샘i뼈
but
’
a
Vι
...ø꺼f
say:
뼈
Do you know ì where Pau la is ? '
In the sam e way we say: 1 know 1 don ’t know
w h ere Paula is .
Can yo u tell m e wh ere Paula is?
Co mp are:
“
따
Who are those people? H ow old is Nicole ? What time is it ? Where can 1 go? H ow much is this camera? When are you leaving town ? Where have they go n e? What was Jenny wearing?
,
U
Do you know Can you tell me
1 know 1 don ’ t know 1 don ’ t remember
who those people are h ow old Nicole is w hat time it is w h ere 1 can go h ow much this camera is w h en you ’re leaving town where they have gon e w h at Jenny was wearing
p
Questi ons w ith do / does / did (s imple present and simple past) W h ere rdoes he live ' ?
bu t
Do you know w h ere
m
? (not Do yo u know w h ere does h e 1ive?)
따
m f
’o
Do you know 1 don ’ t know 1 don ’ t remember 1 know
「/ 1 ·
『/ ·
Y /
‘‘ I P %
E
‘때 」찌
JuR
ω ιM 뎌 뼈L M
g
J …”
따
m
i ”」
y vm
γ뼈 때없없
a
뻐
w w ww
ι ….때
Co mp are: H m
뿔힌V프
h ow airplanes fly
?
w hat Jane wants w hy she went home w h ere 1 put the key
Questions b eginning Is ... ? / Do ... ? / Can ... ?, etc. (yes/ n o qu estions) Comp are: 따
Is Jack at h om e? Have they go t a car? Can Brian swim? Do they 1ive nea r h ere? Did anybody see yo u ?
,“ U
Do you know
1 don ’ t know
if or whether
Jack is at h ome they ’ ve got a car Brian can swim they live nea r h ere anybody saw yo u
Yo u can use if or whether in th ese senten ces: • •
D o yo u know if they ’ve go t a car? or Do yo u know whether th ey ’ve go t a car? 1 don ’t know if anyb o dy saw m e. or 1 do n ’t know whether anyb ody saw m e.
?
U N I T
Exercises 50.1 Answer these questions with I don't know wherelwhenlwhy ... , etc.
‘
m
I don't know where
(where) 1 do 바 know
‘/·「/·「/·
m
m
(where)
‘/·「/.
4
I w
q4
뼈 따 ”따
m”
’h %
ηr 샤잉
$
%
η
……
k
-m m ‘/. 이
7?
R
야
k
m
μ ’
녀
Dl
an
&
m mh
μμ
’n9L ηJ
H
싫 πW 잃
IJ
m
기
이 /-끼 j
Is 1
얘 ω 싸 q 비 셔 〔씨Lω
”
I
A41
/0
yo
따 ιM ψ 폐 m뼈
P」
i
매
H
•
(how old) (when) (why) (how long)
50.2 Complete the sentences. 2 3. 4.
5. 6.
(How do airplanes fl y?) (Where does Susan work?) (What did Peter say?) (Why did he go home early?) (What time does the me eting begin?) (How did the accident happen?)
Do you know howalG2lanes 1 don ’ t know Do you remember 1 don ’ t know Do you know 1 don ’ t remember
th걷VIve 9 one
w
?
>
>
50.3 Which is righ t? 1. Do you know what time 낸슨호/ i딛전
(it is is right)
2. Why are vou / vou are leaving? 3.
1 don ’t know where are thev / thev are g0111g.
4.
Can you tell me where is the museum / the museum is? 5. Where do vou want / vou want to go for vacation? 6. Do you know what do eleohants eat / eleohants eat? 7. 1 don ’t know how far is it / it is from the hotel to the station.
50.4 Write questions with Do you know iflwhether ... ? 1. (Do they have a car?) 0 o vou know l6/whether th
(Are they married?) 3. (Does Sue know Bi ll?) 4. (매Till Gary be here tomorrow?) 5. (Did he pass his exan'l?)
Do you know
50.5 Write questions beginning Do you know ... ? Do vou know what Laura 1. (What does Laura want?) 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
(Where is Paula?) (Is she working today)) (매T hat time does she start work?) (Are th e banks open tomorrow?) (Where do Sarah and Tim live?) (Did they go to ]ane ’s party?)
w.α nts 2
Do
50.6 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1 2
3 4
5 6
the bus was late Do you know why Do you know what time Excuse me , can yo u tell me where 1 don ’ t know what Do you know if Do you know how mu ch
?
P P
?
;
101
She said that ...
He told me that ... Today yo u meet Pau l. Yo u tell hi m ab o ut the p art y. Yo u tell P aul w h at yo ur fr iends said :
Last week yo u wen t to a party. A lo t of yo ur fri ends we re the re. H ere are som e things they said to yo u: |’ m enj oylng
new job.
‘
-
Diane
~
Present
m찌
~.
‘
.，
My father isn ’ t 1 ery happyL →쩌f
‘
*
-
앤 매
we mb
0
m “
tnM
*
*
ll·tt Q
‘
,*
Pas t
arn l is
~
are
-+
J -•
•
D iane said that she was h b e IlJ oym g ne r n ew JO Sh e said th at her father wasn ’ t ve r y h appy.
__ ~_ _ was
•
、lVere
•
Sarah an d Tim said that they were going to buy a h o u se.
•
Pete r said that he had to leave early. H e said that his sister had go n e to Aus trali a.
Jt
Tim
I have to leave ea rly. ) /
Peter
ι
..
My sister has \ gone to Austra lla4J
‘
‘
I
ca텀없꿇~
꽃있Rμ
have has
•
had
can
•
could
•
K ate said that she couldn ’t fin d a job .
will
•
would
•
Steve said that he would call m e.
| fFe|i fJ[텔 You ./
looked
-• felt
• •
•
Unit 54
l
M ik e said th at 1 looked tired. 1 said that 1 felt fi n e.
e tc
tell (• told) • H e told rne th at h e was tire d . (not H e told th at) • What did sh e tell you ? (no t tell to yo u ) We say he told rne , 1 told Ann , etc bμ t no t “ h e told to m e ," “ 1 told to A nn ."
Yo u can say : • H e said that h e was tired. or H e said h e was tired. (without that) • K ate told m e that sh e co uldn ’t find a j o b. or K ate to ld m e sh e couldn ’t find a j o b. I told you to
,‘
l
J M
say and tell say (-• said) • H e said th at h e was tire d. (not H e said me) • W h at did sh e say to yo u ? (not say yo u ) W e say he said to rne , 1 said to Ann , et c. bμ t not “ h e said me ," “ 1 said An n."
t
삐
x
look feel e t c.
m d
·U
찌
*
did
LM
맘
뼈 뻐
‘
•
e e ”M e
때J
My son doesn ’ t \ like schoo l. J
do does
m
따
" ,-
’
ι 」
. ."
m없샤 M mμ 니
댔-"
π& 싸 야에
--“
I don ’ t like my job. ;
빼야빼 “
Steve
•
U N I T
Exercises
51.1 Read what these peop le say and write sentences with HelShelThey said (that) .. 6
l’ ve lost my watch.
1don ’ t feel very well -’
“
He sald he had lost hls watch 1
n
u
따
미
2.
m
애
’
V J
J
u
m f
(A
U
m
w
민
U
따
’h
번
t nu
씨
1have to go out
‘
f m
’h
띠
9.
L
n U
ι
‘
mnu
Q
뻐
n
때
m m 니
S.
j
뼈
댈l
t
8
1can ’ t go to the party.
4
We ’ 11 be home late
매
3
7
U
4
j
10.
I'm learning Russ ian.
We don ’ t have a key. a
51.2 Use the pictures to complete the sentences.
뻐뻐
때깨
1
m “
2
m ιι
(( ÎI ’ m not 'j hungry
*
t t nu nuJnu
4
1need it
5
You can have it
Sharon
,
6
1'11 send you a post[ ard.
Hannah 8.
7
Where's Robert? "‘~
He ’s gone home ‘
/ "'"'
、、
Linda
1. 1 met Diane la st week. She said
2. 3. 4. S. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Mike
Emil
빼빠
Diane
3.
1want to watch TV. David
9. I
/γιi
I
1’ m gOlng to the movies. ”
Mary
5he was enioyln C/ her ne w 띤k
Emily didn ’ t want anything to eat. She said 1 wanted to borrow Mike ’s ladder , but he said Hannah was invited to the party, but she said Sharon told me she didn ’t want the picture. She said Mark just left on vacation. He said 1 was looking for Rober t. Linda said “ Why did David stay at home?" “ He said “ Has Mary gone out?" “ 1 think so. She said
" "
51.3 Write saylsaid or te ll/ told. 2.
3.
4. S.
6
He said he was tired. What did she tell you? she didn ’t like Peter Anna me that you were sic k. ]ack Dan what Please don ’t happened she would be late? Did Lucy
The woman she was a reporte r. 8. The woman us she was a reporter. 9 They asked me a lot of questions , but 1 didn ’t them anything. 10. They asked mε a lot of questions , but 1 didn ’ t anything. 7
103
worklworking
go/going
do/doing
Work/ go / be , et c. (baseJorm) We use the base form with will / can / rnust , etc will shall rnight rnay can could rnust should would
• • • • • • • • •
Anna will be here soon . Shall 1 open the window? 1 rnight call you late r. May 1 sit here? 1 can't rneet you tomorrow. Could you pass the salt , please? It ’s late. You rnust be tired You shouldn ’ t work so hard Would you like some coffee?
} • Units 28-29
• Unit 32 • Unit 33 • Unit 35
We use the base form with do / does / did do / does (s imple present)
• • • •
Do you work? They don ’ t work very hard Helen doesn ’t know many people. How much does it cost?
-• Units 6-7
did (s imple past)
• •
What time did the train leave? We didn ’ t sleep well.
-• Unit 12
to work / to go / to be , et c. (infinitive) (I’ m) going to ...
• •
1’ rn going to play tennis tomorrow. What are you going to do?
• Unit 27
(1) have to . . .
• •
1 have to go now Everybody has to eat.
• Unit 34
(1) want to . . .
• •
Do you want to go out? They don ’t want to corne with us.
-• Unit 53
(1) would like to .. .
• •
1’'d like to talk to you. Would you like to go out?
-• Unit 35
(1) used to .. .
•
Dave used to work in a factory.
-• Unit 15
working/ going/ playing , et c. arn / is / are + -ing φ rese nt co ntinuous)
was / were + -ing φ a s t co ntinuous)
• • • • •
Please be quiet. 1’ rn working Tom isn ’ t working today What time are you going out?
-• Units 3-4 , 8 , 26
It was raining , so we didn ’t go out What were you doing when the phone rang?
• Units 13-14
verbs + to ... and -ing (1 want to do 11 enjoy doing) • Unit 53 go + -ing • Unit 56
U N I T
Exercises 52.1
Complete the sentences. Write: ...
call Paul or ... to call Paul.
coll Pou/ 2 . I ’ m gom g to co// Pou/ I ’ 11
3 . Ca n yo u 4. Shal1 1 5. I ’d like
Paul? >
6. D o yo u have 7. Yo u sh o uld 8. 1 wa nt 9. 1 might 10 . Co uld yo u
?
>
go/going wait/waiting 1.
2. 3. 4
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10
1 1.
eat/eating listen/listening watch/watching
繼 鋼 뺑
do/doing
般 빼 빼
52.2 Complete the sentences with a verb from the box. Sometimes you need the base form (work/go , etc.) and sometimes you need -ing (working/going , et c.). get/getting stay/staying
Pl ease be qui e t. 1’ m w싹맺 ve ry welllas t ni ght 1 feel tired today. 1 di d n ’ t 5뾰 What time do you usuall y up in th e 1l1 0 rnin g? ?” “ To the bank." “ Wh ere are you televisio n las t night? D id yo u Loo k at that plan e! It ’s ve ry low Yo u ca n turn o ff th e radi o. I ’ 111 no t to lt T hey didn ’ t anything beca use th ey we re n ’ t hun g ry. M y fri ends we re fo r m e w h en 1 arri ved glasses?" “ N o , o nl y fo r reading ." “ Does Susan always hom e." to night :l " “ I ’ n1 “ Wh at are you
52.3 Put the verb in the correct form. Choose from: the base form (work/go , et c.) the infinitive (to work/to go , et c.) -ing (working/going , et c.) 1. Sh o uld 1 _으p en
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11. 12 13 .
14. 15 .
이 J
빼밟
앵
19.
」』 때
18.
the w ind ow? (op e n)
1t ’s late. 1 have 보4으 n ow. (g이 Amanda isn ’t g약쁘g this wee k. She ’s on vaca ti o n . (wo rk) 1’ m tired . 1 don ’ t want out . (go) , so take an umbrella w ith yo u . (rain) It might Wh at time do you have tomorrow m o rning? (J eave) 1’ 111 so rry 1 can ’t you. (h elp) physics . (stu dy) M y broth er is a studen t. H e ’s o n a trip around th e wo rld ? (g이 W o uld yo u like Wh en yo u saw M ari a , w hat was sh e ? (wea r) Wh en yo u go to Lo nd o n , w h ere are yo u going ) (s tay) “ Where ’s G ary?" “ H e ’s a bath ." (take) 1 used a ca r , but 1 sold it last yea r. (have) H e spoke very qui etly. 1 co uldn ’t him. (h ea r) Yo u don ’t look we l1 . 1 d o n ’t think yo u should to work to d ay. (g이 1 d o n ’t know what h e sa id. 1 w asn ’t to him. (J isten) 1’ m so rry 1’ m late. 1 h ad a ph o ne ca ll. (m ake) h m a d octo r. (be) M edi cal stud ents m l1 st cO l1 rses m pm VJ m m (take) M I Pi yo ur pho n e :l ( l1 se) 째
16 . 17 .
or or
105
to ... (1 want to do) and -ing (1 enjoy doing) verbs + to . . . (1 want to want hope need • • • • • •
plan expect • promlse
d이
decide offer refuse
try forget learn
+ to ... (to do / to work / to be , etc.)
What do yo u want to do tonight? It ’s n ot very late. We don ’t need to go h ome yet. T ina h as decided to sell her ca r. You forgot to turn off the light w h en you went ou t. My brother is learning to drive. 1 tried to read my book , but 1 was too tired.
verbs + -ing (1 enjoy doing) enjoy mind • • • •
stop finish
+ -ing (doing / working/ being , etc. )
suggest
I enjoy dancing ..;'
1 enjoy dancing. (n. ot enjoy to dance) 1 don ’t mind getting up early. H as it stopped raining? Sonia suggested going to the movies
ð
o
., •
•
-•
•
verbs + -ing or to like prefer • • • • •
love hate
start begin
contlnue
+ -ing (doing , etc.)
or
to... (to do , etc.)
Do you like getting up early? or Do yo u like to get up early? 1 prefer traveling by ca r. or 1 prefer to travel by ca r. Anna loves dancing. or Anna loves to dance. 1 hate being late. or 1 hate to be late. It started raining. or It started to rain.
would like to ... , etc . would like would prefer • • l
• •
would love would hate
+ to ... (to do / to work / to be , et c.)
Julia would like to meet yo u 1’'d love to go to Australia. (1’d = 1 would) “ Would you like to sit down?" “ No , 1’d prefer to stand , thank you." 1 like this city very much. 1 wouldn ’ t like to move. 1’d hate to lose my cell phone.
would like • Unit 35 I want you to ... • Unit 54 go + -ing • Unit 56
preposition + -ing • Unit 113
U N I T
Exercises 53.1 Put the verb in the right form , to ... or -ing.
/
10. 1’ m not in a hurry. 1 don 't mind 11.
12. 13. 14. [
~J
뱅
--
. (wait) What have you decided ? (do) Gary was very angry and refused to me. (speak) 1’ m tired. 1 want to bed. (go) 1 was very upset and started (cry) Fl m t (work) Please (talk) 뎌
7.
m
뼈
6
f pi m ( b \| μm
5.
m
빠
4.
n냥/
3.
얘
았
What do you want t샘으 tonight? (do) Goodbye! 1 hope you aga ll1 500n. (see) when 1 was five 1 learned years old. (swim) the Have you finished kitchen? (clean) 매T here ’s Anna? 1 need her something. (ask) Do you enjoy other countries? (visit)
，없
2.
8. The weather was nice , so 1 suggested for a walk by the rive r. (go)
. (dance)
빠빼
dαn C/ng
1. 1 enjoy
53.2 Complete the sentences using to ... or -ing. Use these verbs: 좋e-
go
help
lose
rain
1. “ Have you ever been to Austra 1i a?"
read
see
“ No , but 1’d love
2. Jane had a lot to do , so 1 offered
send
to ao
wait
watch
”
he r.
3.
1’ m surprised that you ’ re here. 1 didn ’ t εxpect
4.
Nicole has a lot of books. She enjoys This ring was my grandmother ’s. 1’d hate it Don ’t forget us a postcard when you ’re on vacatlO n. 1’ m not going out until it stops What should we do this afternoon? Would you like to the beach? When 1’ m tired in the evening , 1 1i ke television “ Do you want to go now?" “ No , I ’d prefer a few minutes."
5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10.
you.
53.3 Complete the answers to the questions.
--?•
j 끼
4μTRι
/0
Yes , 1 like 딱양L꾀양띄ι Yes , 1 love No , I ’ m hungry. 1’d prefer to a restaurant. No , 1 don ’t 1i ke No , but 1’d love Yes , I enjoy 1 don ’ t mind taxi would be quicke r.
one day. U
까
’h
따
「/
Do you usually get up early? Do you ever go to museums? Would you like to go to a museum now? Do you write e-mails often? Have you ever been to Rome? Do you ever travel by train? Do you want to walk home or take a taxi?
d
53.4 Complete these sentences. Write about yourself. Use to ... or -ing.
•
1 enjoy 1 don ’ t like If it ’s a nice day tomorrow, 1’d like When 1’ m on vacation , 1 like 1 don ’ t mind 1 wouldn ’ t like
Additional exercise 32 (page
26이
L
U
따
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
107
I want you to ...
I told you to . . .
1 want you to |’ m leaving. 、.
....
r-
1
T h e wom an wants to leave
’-‘
The man doesn ’t want the wo m an to leave. H e wants h er to stay We say:
Pl ease don ’ t leave _e; :,
• • •
_,’ " '. " ,
1 want
you somebody Sarah
to do
somε thin g
1 want you to be h appy. (n. ot 1 want that yo u are h appy) They didn ’t want anybody to know their secret D o yo u want me to lend you so m e m o n ey?
We use would like in the sam e way : • Would yo u like me to lend yo u some m o n ey? W e also use this structure (verb + som eb ody + to .. . ) with:
ask tell advise expect persuade teach
Su e What do yo u 1 didn ’t We
verb + asked told advise expect persuaded am teaching
somebody + t o . a fri end yo u me th em Ga ry m y bro ther
to to to to to to
lend be do ? be come swim.
her so m e m o ney carefu l. h ere w ith us.
1 told you to ... / 1 told yo u not to
D??]Maltfgr me
Wait for me. )
Jane
Me
-• Jan e told m e to wait for h e r.
J
Paul
Sue
• Paul told Sue not to wait for him.
make and let After • • •
make and let , we do η o t us e to: H e ’s very funny. H e makes m e laugh. ( η o t m akes m e to laugh) At sch ool o u r teac h er made us work ve ry hard Su e let m e use h er computer b ecause mine was n ’t working. (n. ot let m e to use)
You can say Let ’s ... (= Let us) w h en yo u wa nt people to do things with yo u: • Com e o n! Let ’ s dance. l “ D o yo u want to go o ut to night?" “ N o , I ’ m tired. Let ’s stay home."
Let ’S.
•
Unit 37 He told me that ... • Unit 51
U N I T
Exercises 54.1 Write sentences beginning I want you ... / I don't want you ... / Do you want me ... ? / want vou to come with me
1.
(you have to come with me)
2.
(listen carefully) 1 want
3.
(please don ’t be angry) 1 don ’t (should 1 wait for you?) Do you
4.
5. (don ’t call me tonight) 6.
(you should meet Sarah)
54.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
、“ Ir
”n
m a
s
2. Where ’ 5 the station? .1 3.
W wm
m
뼈
n3nU
싸띠
rLnu
때
i
때 삐
’
까
4I
|’ m sick
Turn left after the bridge.
4.
Canyouhelpme?
ι7
~O μ
Dan 5.
Um. “ er OK.
Brian
~O ι
6.
I’ m busy now.
Come back in 10 minutes
7.
Can I use your phone?
You should go to the docto r.
Don ’ t call before 8:00.
8. Do you play the piano?
Yes , my mother taught me.
Of course
Ann
Paul 1. Dan persuaded
m e to 00 to the movies
2. 1 wanted to get to the station. A woman told 3.
Brian was sick. 1 advised 4. Linda had a lot of luggage. She asked 5. 1 was too busy to talk to Tom. 1 told 6. 1 wanted to make a phone call. Paullet
7. Sue is going to call me late r. 1 told 8. Ann ’s mother taught
54.3 Complete these sentences with the verbs in the list. Sometimes to is necessary (to go / to wait, etc.); sometimes to is not necessary (go/wait , et c.). arnve
borrow
get
go
용g￥e
1. Please stay here. 1 don't want you t액쩍 2. 1 didn ’ t hear what she said , so 1 asked her 3.
“ Should we begin?"
“ No , let ’s
make
repeat
tell
think
walt
ye t. It
a few minutes." much late r. married.
4. Are they already here? 1 εxpected them 5. Kevin ’s parents didn ’ t want him 6. 1 want to stay here.You can ’t make me with you. 7 “ Is that your bicycle?" “ No , it ’s]ohn ’s. He let me you 8. Rachel can't come to the party. She told me 9. Would you like something to drink? Would you like me that?" 10. “ Katε doesn ’t like me." “ What makes you
n” some coffee?
109
I went to the store to ...
~I
~~
Paula wanted som e fruit , so sh e went to the sto re. Why did sh e go to the sto re? To get som e fruit
’/끼깨)끼
She went to the store to get so m e fruit.
to ... (to get / to see , etc.) tells us u씨 y a person does something: l “ Why are yo u going o ut?" “ To get some bread ." • Amy went to the station to meet he r friend. • Sue turned on the television to watch the news. • 1’d like to go to Mexico to learn Spanish. money/ time to (do something): • We need some money to buy food. • 1 don ’ t have time to watch television. to . . . and for . . . to + verb (to get / to see , et c.) • 1 went to the store to get som e fruit. (not fo r get) • T h ey ’ re going to Brazil to see their fri ends. • We n eed some m oney to buy foo d.
for + nO fμ1 (for food / for a newspaper , etc.) • 1 went to the store for some fruit •
T h ey ’ re going to B razil for a vacation
•
W e nee d so m e m o n ey for food .
nu
‘
wait to (do something) • 1’ m waiting to talk to the manage r. • Are yo u waiting to see th e doctor? wait for (somebody/something) to ... : • 1 can't leave yet. 1’ m waiting for John to call. • Are you waiting for themail to come?
go to ... and go for . . • Unit 56 something to eat / nothing to do , et c. • Unit 80 enough + to/for ... • Unit 92 too + to/for . • Unit 93
J
야“
+ l
ψJSl
j
m r”
1이
l’
f L
없 ’때 빼
l
떼 빼
wait for . . . : • Please wait for me. • Are yo u waiting for the bus?
m
T
U N
Exercises 55.1 Write sentences beginning I went to .... Choose from the boxes. a coffee shop
/ went to the 2.
the drugstore the supermarket 딱댐따십g et
+
buy some food ’“ ’ “ “ ‘ S “ ~ ~““
” “ “ “” J ‘ “ “ ‘t ’ J
get some medicine meet a friend
some stam12.5
1 went
3. 4.
55.2 Complete the sentences. Choose from the box. to open this door to wake him up
to get some fresh air to see who it was
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
to read the newspaper
1 turned on the television to watch the news Alice sat down in an armchair Do 1 neεd a key 1 went for a walk by the river 1 knocked on the door of David ’s roO I11 The doorbell rang , so 1 looked out of the window
;
55.3 Use your own ideas to finish these sentences. Use to ....
44
κ
{{J
뼈
1
m 염뼈
1ι
1 went to the storε to 9양쪽mξlrwt 2. I ’ 111 very bus y. 1 don ’ t have time 1 ca l1 ed Ann I m obo m k m m I k r
55.4 Write to or for. 2
3 4 「
3
6 7 8. 9. 10.
1 1.
1 went to the store to get SO l11 e bread have dinne r. We went to a restaurant study economics. Robert wants to go to college I ’ m going to Boston an interview next week. I ’ m going to Toronto visit some friends of mine. Do you have time a cup of coffee? comb my hair 1 got up late this morning. 1 didn ’t have time Everybody neεds money live. 매Te didn ’t have any money a taxi , so we walked home. The office is very small. There ’s only enough room a desk and chai r. use the phone? A: Excuse l11 e, are you wa It mg somebody. B: No , I’ m waltmg
55.5 Complete these sentences. Choose from: it / to a rrive
yo u / t ell m e
1 can ’t go out ye t. 1’ m waiting J으니ohn to call 2 1 sat down in the movie theater and waited 3 We ca l1 ed an ambulance and waited 4. “ Do you know what to do?" “ No , I ’ m waltmg
the m ovi e / b egin
”
111
go to ...
go on ...
go for ...
go + -Ing
go to .. . (go to work / go to San Francisco / go to a concert , et c.) • • • • •
What time do yo u usu ally go to work? 1’ m going to China next week. J ean didn ’t want to go to the concert W hat time did yo u go to bed last night? 1 went to the dentist yesterday
go to
go to sleep = sta rt to sleep: • 1 was very tired an d went to sleep q ui ckly. go home (with out to) • 1’ m going home now. (not going to h om e) go on va cat lO n a tnp a tour an excurslo n a cr Ul se strike
go on
• • • •
We ’re going on vacation n ext week C hildren oft en go on school trips. Wh en we were in Egypt , we went on a tour of the Pyramids. Workers at th e airp ort have gone on strike (= they are refusin g to wo rk)
go for .
go (som ew h ere) for
a walk a run a sWlm lunch dinner, et c.
• l l
•
“ Where ’s J oan ?"
“ Sh e went for a walk."
D o yo u go for a run every m orning? T h e wa ter looks nice. 1’ m going for a swim. Sh ould we go o ut for dinner? 1 k now a goo d restaurant .
go + -ing We use go
+ -ing for m any sports (swimming/ skiing , etc.) and also shopping. I
m
m 엉
’h % 녕
• •
야
ιω↓씨
• •
F
η ”뼈
e
my
w
m
my R
m m
mr
shopping sWlmmlng fishing sailing skiing Joggmg runnlng , et c.
Are yo u going shopping this aft ernoo n ? It ’s a nice day. Let ’s go swimming. (or Let ’'s go for a swim.) Ri chard has a sm all boa t , and h e 0 산 e n goes sailing 1 went jogging b efore brea kfast this m orning
|’ m going
skiing t
U N I T
Exercises 56.1 Write tolonlfor where necessary. 1. 1’ m going
tι
China
2. Richard often goes
next week sailing. (110 prcposition)
_• __
3. Sue went Mexico last yea r. 4. Would you like to go the movies tonight? 5. Jack goes jogging every morning. 6. 1’ m going out a walk. Do you want to come? 7. 1’ m tired because [ went bed very late last night. 8. Jim is going a trip Turkey next week. 9 . The weather was warm , and the river was clean , so we went 1 ou The taxi drivers went strike when 1 was in N ew York 1 [ need some stamps , so 1’ m going the post office 1 It ’s late. 1 have to go home now. 1 Would you like to go a tour of the city? -Do yo u want to go out dinner this evening? My parents are going a cruise this summe r.
a SWln1
--?ι
껴 j
441
「 3
56.2 Use the pictures to complete the sentences. Use golgoeslgoinglwent + -ing. 4 -
@% )
2. last
4. I1 CXt winter I 5. later
Satul떠
6. yesterday
r;ι
\\
Richard
Diane
Gary
Nicole
Richard has a boat. He often C/ oe5 50 ilin C/ Last Saturday Diane Gary every day Nicole is going to Colorado next winte r. She is Peter is going out late r. He has to Sarah after work
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Peter
Sarah
•
yεsterday.
56.3 Complete the sentences. Use the words in the box. Use tolonlfor if necessary. ft-융‘￥ 1m
a walk
vacation home
Hawaii riding
1. The water looks nice. Let ’s go ----É2. r
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
shopping skiing
bed college
0 5Wlm
After finishing high school , Tina went , where she studied psychology. [ ’ 111 going now. [ have to buy a few things 1 was very tired last night. 1 went earl y. 1 wasn ’ t enjoying the party, so 1 went early We live near the mountains. [n w inter we go almost every weekend. Richard has a horse. He goes a lo t. 1t ’s a beautiful day! Would you like to go in the park? A: Are you going soon? B: Yes , nεxt month.We ’ re gO ll1 g __________ 매Te ’ ve never been there before.
113
get get a letter / get a job , etc. (get
+
η o un)
,
= receive/buy/ find:
'.-'1 ，.--- -ιyou 뚫t it I’『’，
Y얀1 do만 have핍잉et펜g
l • •
•
you have it
Did yo u get my p ostcard ?" “ Yes , 1 got it yesterda y." (= receive) 1 like yo ur sweate r. Where did yo u get it? (= buy) Is it difficult to get a j o b at the moment? (= find) (0 η the ph o ~씨 “ H e11o , can 1 sp eak to Lisa , please? " “ Sure. 1’ 11 get h e r." “
get hungry / get cold / get tired , etc. (get +
/.
= b ecome:
a φ ecti ve)
--
~\
you ’re not hungry • • • •
also
끼you are hungry
If yo u don ’ t ea t , yo u get hungry. Drink yo ur coffee. It ’ s getting cold. 1’ m so rry yo ur m o ther is sick. 1 h op e sh e gets better soon. It was raining ver y h ard. We didn ’ t have an umbre11a , so we got very wet . get married get dressed (= put yo ur clo thes on) get lost (= lose yo ur way)
• • •
Nicole and Frank are getting married soon. 1 go t up and got dressed quickly. We didn ’t have a m ap , so we got lost.
get to a place = arrive: • 1 usually get to work b efore 8:30. (= arrive at work) • We !eft Bosto n at 10 :1 5 and got to Ottawa at 11 :4 5.
get to
get here/there (without to) • H ow did yo u get here ? By bus? get home (witho ut to): • What time did yo u get home last night? get in/ out/ on / off
-
‘
/' / /
.----
ι -Þ::-l~~ '!lna~7 1/1/ ' "7 . ~ 서’
I
‘
.;{;
get in (a car)
1
,
\ 111
"1、~‘. ~“
.;'칸」
Iι ‘
“
‘
__' f
‘---
“ 1
--:l
“
“
’
~.， \ι.'-'11 " ‘\ 1:;11카11 i11l ;
11 )/
......-,..
I
ε，
get out (of a ca r)
get on
get off
(a bu s / a train / a plan e) • • •
Kate got in the car and drove away. (You can also say : Kate got into the car and ... ) A car stopp ed and a m an got out. (but A m an go t out of the car. ) We got on the bus outside th e h ote! and got off at C hurch Street.
get t。 • Unit 109 in/outlon/off • Units111 , 115 get up • Unit 115
;
U N I T
Exercises
7
57.1 Complete these sentences. Use getlgets and choose from the box. another one a good salary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
a doctor a new computer
a lot of rain a ticket
some milk
the job your jacket
,
D id yo u ---iI. et mv /J ostcard 1 sent it a week ago . W h ere di d yo u ? It ’s very m ce Q uick ! T his m an is sick . We have to • 1 wa nt to retu rn this ph o n e. It doesn ’t wo rk. Ca n 1 please? Tom has an inter view to m o r row. 1 ho pe h e ; W hen yo u go o ut , can yo u “ Are yo u going to th e co nce rt?" “ Yes , if 1 ca n M arga ret has a well- p aid j ob. Sh e T h e weath er is h orr ible h ere in winte r. We T h e o n e 1 have is too slow. 1’ m go m g to
,
"
57.2 Complete these sentences. Use getting + these words: f융끓
late
married
ready
>
CO
m g•O m ,’
비
f
따
Drink yo ur coffee. It ’s α ettlna cold Turn o n th e light . It ’s “ RP n ext weε k ." “ I’m “ W here ’s K aren ?" “ She ’s It ’s time to go ho m e 1t ’s
n 때
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
dark
3 •L
“
mm ”
57.3 Complete the sentences. Use get/gets/got + these words: angry 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
-l뼈한한￥
better
lost
married
old
wet
Ifyo u do n ’t ea t , yo u ---iI. et hunα rv Do n ’ t go o ut in the ra in .Yo u 'll M y broth er last yea r. Hi s w ife ’s nam e is Sa rah Da n is always ve ry ca lm . H e n ever We tried to fi nd the h o tel , but we Eve ryb ody wants to stay yo ung , but we all Yesterday the wea ther was n ’t so goo d at fir st , but it during the day.
57.4 Write sentences with Ileft . .. and got to .. 1.
ho m e / 7:30
•
wo rk / 8: 15
/ left home at 730 and aot to work at 8:15.
m
」%
ρL
때
끼“
I l
pι
l /
따러
4 4I
M V
빼
2. Toro nto / 10 :15 • New Yo rk / 12:00 1 left To ro nto at 10: 15 an d 3 . the p arty / 11 :1 5 • ho m e / midnight t
57.5 Write got in / got out of / got on / got off. 1. K a te ---iI.약 In
the car and drove away 2. 1 th ε bus and walked to my ho use from the bu s sto p. the ca r , locked the doors, and we nt into a sto re. 3. Lisa the wro ng train. 4 . 1 m ade a stupid mi stake. 1
115
do and make Do is • • • •
a gen eral word for ac tio ns What are yo u doing to night ? (not What are yo u m aking?) “ Sha11 1 op en the w indow?" “ No , it ’s O K . 1’ 11 do it." Linda ’s j ob is very bo ring. Sh e does the sa m e thing every day. 1 did a lot of thi ngs yesterday.
What do you do ? = W hat ’s yo ur j ob ?: l “ W hat do yo u do ?" “ 1 work in a b ank." Make = p ro du ce/ create. Fo r example ‘
-’ ~/:1 ..-.:tf1‘
Sh e ’s making coffee.
H e h as made a ca ke.
T hey make toys
1t was made in C hina .
Compare do and make : • 1 did a lo t yesterday. 1 cleaned my room , 1 wrote some letters, and 1 made a cake • A: 재1hat do yo u do in yo ur free time? R ea d? Play sp o rts? B : 1 make cloth es . 1 make dresses and j ac kets. 1 also make toys for my children. Expressions w ith do
do
I
h omework h o usework (somebody) a favor an exercise (yo ur) best the laun dry t h ε d i s h εs
없
-
-
「
make
a
-m
l
뼈
앤
F
mm
l
l
빼
E
• • • •
H ave the childre n done their homework? 1 h ate doing housework , especia11y clea ning. B arbara , could yo u do me a favor ? 1 h ave to do four exercises fo r ho m ewo rk to nigh t. 1 did my best , but 1 didn ’t wi n the race . Tim usually does the laundry o n Saturdays . 1 cooked , so yo u sho uld do the dishes .
k-
an app o l11 tment a p h onε ca ll a list (a) noise a bed
• • • • •
•
1’ m so rry, 1 made a mistake . 1 n eed to make an appointment to see the doc to r. Exc use m e , 1 h ave to make a phone call. H ave yo u made a shopping list? It’s late. Oon ’ t make any noise . So m etimes 1 fo rget to make my bed in the m o rning.
We say make a movie bu t take a picture: • When was this movie made ? b ω
When was this picture taken?
do/does/did (negatives and questions) • Units 44 45 make somebody do something • Unit 54
U N I T
Exercises
톨
58.1 Write make/making/made or do/doing/did/done. “ Shall 1 open the window?' ’ “ No , that ’s OK. 1’ 11 do i t." What did you last weekend? Did you leave town? Do you know how to bread? from wood. Paper is Richard didn ’ t help me. He sat in an armchair and nothing. “ What do you ?" “ I ’ m a docto r." 1 asked you to clean the bathroom. Have you it? “찌rhat do they in that factory?" “ Shoes." some coffee. Would you like some? 1’ m Why are you angry with me? 1 didn ’ t anything wrong. “ What are you tomorrow afternoon?" “ I ’ m working."
1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 9. 10. 1 1.
58.2 What are these people doing? 1
2.
3
6
7.
8
Hes mo k/n9 o coke 2. They 3. He 4.
5
5.
9.
10
6 7. 8. 9. 10.
58.3 Write make or do in the correct form. 1. 1 hate
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12.
깅쁘g housework , especia11y cleaning. Why do you always the same mistaJζe? me a favor?" “ It depends what it is." “ Can you “ Have you your homework?" “ Not yet." an appomtmen t. 1 need to see the dentist , but 1 haven ’ t Joe his best , but he didn ’ t pass his driver ’s tes t. 1 painted the door, but 1 didn ’t it very we11 How many phone calls did you yεstεrday? When you ’ ve finished Exercise 1 , you can Exercise 2. There ’s something wrong with the ca r. The engine is a strange n01se. It was a bad mistake. It was the worst mistake 1’ ve ever Let ’s a list of all the things we have to today.
111
have have and have got 1 have (something) or 1’ ve got (something) = it is mine • 1 have a new ca r. or 1’ ve got a new ca r. • Sue has long hai r. 0 1' Sue has got long hai r. • Do they have any children? or Have they got any children? • Tim doesn ’ t have a job. or Tim hasn ’ t got a job. • How much timε do you have? 0 1' How much time have you got? also
a heada ch e / a tootha ch e / a pain (in my leg , etc.) a cold / a cough / a sore throat / a fever / the t1 u , et c.
1 have I ’ ve got • •
1 have a headache. 0 1' Do you have a cold?
1’ ve got a headache 0 1' Have you got a cold?
The past is 1 had (w빼 out got) / 1 didn ’ t have / Did you have? , et c.: • When 1 first met Sue , she had short hai r. • He didn ’ t have any money because he didn ’ t have a job. • Did you have enough time to do everything you wanted? have breakfast / have a good time , etc.
뼈 뼈뼈
싸 따%
m
α빼
a
( 야
(
“ ν
야뻐 υ
have
c
「〔
m / a x a g m a
rm
야
/
라
/
끼따뼈
’b
싫
」없때
In these expressions have = eat or drink. You can ’ t use “ have go t." l
• • l
Liz?" “ She ’ s having lunch." 1 don ’ t usually have breakfast 1 had three cups of coffee this morning. “ Have a cookie." “ Oh , thank you." ‘매There ’s
안
빼뼈
ψ빼
Compare have got 0 1' have • 1’ ve got / 1 have three cups of coffee for this office. have •
•
I
’
때
qa
“ 、
qa
l
f
qd
、l
ιυ
이a
qa
μ 빵 때 ι 찌
1 a
뼈 싫빼때 썩 뱅
qa
따때때때뼈때때ι ”
We also use have (n. ot have got) in these expressions: // a m 6rL • We ’re having a party next week. P1ease come. k t I C nu ‘ (‘‘ • Enjoy your vacation. Have a good trip / a 1 ‘ • 1’ m having a bad day. Everything is going /\o ] n b wrong. 1 hope 1 have a better day tomorrow. /o // have E kb • We have a 12-hour t1 ight to Lima tomorrow. 1dr @ X : • Mark had an accident on his first day in Rome. n m a m l a 1 • Boss , can we have a discussion about my pay? ’ ba • Sandra has just had a bab y. It ’s a boy.
|’ ve
got three CU ps of coffee I for this office. .'
(η ot
have got) 1 have coffee with my breakfast every morning. (n. ot 1’ ve got coffee every morning) A: Where ’s Paul? B: He ’s on break. He ’s having a cup of coffee (= he ’s drinking it now)
have / I’ ve 90t • Unit 9 I’ ve (done) (present perfect) • Units 16-17, 19-20 I have to ... • Unit 34
I'm on break. 1’ m having a CU P of
coffee
U N I T
Exercises 59.1 Write the correct form of have or have got.
I didn't have time to do the shopping yesterday 2 “ Does Lisa have OR Has Lisa aot a car?" 1.
(1 / not / have) (Lisa / have?)
“ No , she ca n ’t drive."
뼈
I
η
「
3. He ca n ’t open the doo r. a key a cold last week. He ’s better now 4. a headache? 5. What ’s wrong? enough money. 6. We wanted to go by taxi , but L L u % % n U / much freε tJ me. any problems when you were on vacation? 0
X
U
(he / not / have) (Gary / have) (you / have?) (we / not / havε) (she / not / have) (you / have?)
59.2 What are these people doing? Choose from the list: breakfast
an argument
3.
2.
havin9 a
dinner
fun F
4.
3
율 vart￥
6.
-
•
Th~'re
a cup of tea
pαdy
2.
Shε
4. They 5
3.
Hε
6
59.3 What do you say in these situations? Use have. 1. Barbara is going on vacation . What do you say to her before she goes?
H ave a nJ ce
vα catlO n l
2. You meet Claire at the airport. She has just gotten off her plane. Ask her about the f1 ight
Did vou have a aood f! iah t2 3.
Tim is going on a long trip. What do you say to him before h e leaves?
4.
1t ’s Monday morning. You are at work. Ask Paula about her
weekεnd
5. Paul has just come back from vacation. Ask him about his vacation. 6. Rachel is going out tonight. What do you say to her before she goes? 7.
Sue ’s little boy will be one year old next week. 1s
therε
going to be a birthday party? Ask he r.
59.4 Complete the sentences. Use have/had and choose from the list. an accident a bad dream
a glass of water 융용융f훈←
a baby something to eat
a few weeks ago. We invited 50 people h썩 a /2.빡X ?” “ No , l ’ 111 not hungry." “ Should we 1 was thirsty, so I last nigh t. 1t woke nlε up 1 Tina is a very good drive r. She has never . It will be her fir st child. Rachel is going to
1. We
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
119
I/me 때
P
they/them , etc.
he/him
P
L
5U ψe ct
I
o에ect
rne
we us
you you
he hirn
5ubject 、ve
you he she they
1 knowTom We knowTom You knowTom He knows Tom. She knows Tom. They know Tom.
Tom Tom Tom Tom Tom Tom
knows rne knows us. knows you. knows hirn. knows her. knows thern.
she her
object rne us you hirn her thern
Things .
~
They ’ re nlce I like them r"
It ’ 5 nice . I like it. ’
”
subject object • • • •
lt lt
they thern
1 don ’ t want this book.You can have it 1 don't want these books.You can have thern. Diane never drinks rnil k. She doesn ’t like it. 1 never go to parties. 1 don ’ t like thern.
We use rne / her/thern , etc. (object) after a preposition (for/ to / with , et c.) • This letter isn ’ t for rne. It ’s for you. • Who is that woman? Why are you looking at her? • We ’ re going to the movies. Do you want to come with us? • Sue and Kevin are going to the movies. Do you want to go with thern? • “ Where ’s the newspaper?" “ You ’re S1tung on it ” give it/ thern to . • 1 want that book. Please give it to rne. • Robert needs these books. Can you give thern to hirn , please?
my/his/their, et c. • Unit 61 Give me that book / Give it to me • Unit 97
they thern
U N I T
Exercises 60.1
Complete the sentences with himlherlthem. 1. 1 don ’ t know those girls. 00 you know
2. 1 don ’t 3. 1 don't 4. 1 don ’ t 5. 1 don ’ t 6. 1 don ’ t 7. 1 don ’t
know know know know know know
t쁘쁘
?
? that man. 00 you know ? those people. 00 you know P Oavid ’s wifìε.00 you know P M r. Stεvens. 00 you know ? Sarah ’s parents. 00 you know the woman in thε black coa t. 00 you know
?
60.2 Complete the sentences. Use I/ melyoulshelher, et c. 1. 1 want to see her , but
5샌_ doesn ’t want to see
앤
| 2
3 4
5 6 7
8
They want to see me , but She wants to see him , but We want to sεe them , but He wants to see us , but They want to see her , but 1 want to see them , but You want to see her , but
don ’ t want to seε doesn ’ t want to see don ’ t want to see don ’t want to see doesn ’ t want to see don ’t want to see doesn't want to see
• •
•
60.3 Write sentences beginning llike ... , I don ’ t like ... , or Do you like ... ? 1. 1 don ’t eat tomatoes.
I don't Iik e them
2. George is a very nice man. 1 like 3. This jacket isn ’t very nice. 1 don ’t 4. This is my new ca r. 00 5. Mrs. Clark is not vεry friendl y. 1 6. These are my new shoes.
•
p
?
60.4 Complete the senterκes. Use I/ melhelhim , et c. p 1. Who is that woman? Why are you looking at _갤E 2 “ 00 you know that man?" “ Yes , 1 work with 3. Where are the tickets? 1 can ’ t find ? 4. 1 can ’ t find my keys. Where are 5. We ’re going out.You can come with 6. 1 have a new compute r. 00 you want to see plays the piano. 7 κ1aria likes musi c. 8. 1 don ’t like dogs. 1’ m afraid of 9. [’ 111 talking to you. Please listen to 10. Where is Anna? 1 want to talk to 11. You can have these OVOs. 1 don ’t want doesn ’ t like 12. My brother has a new job , but
”
P
very much.
‘
60.5 Complete the sentences. 1. 1 need that book. Can you ---Ø. lVe ft to m e 2. He wants the key. Can you give 3. She wants the keys. Can you 4. 1 want that lette r. Can you 5. They want the money. Can you 6. We want the photos. Can you
? ? ?
p ? ?
121
my/his/their, etc.
our umbrella 1
my umbrella
ι‘’‘- ’
~‘
‘
your umbrella
hi s umbrella
,>"
her umbrella - “
←-“-~
*‘-얘-‘
“
l
1 like
vou he she
-•
they
-+
their
They like
-•
lts
Hawaii (= it) is famou s for its bεachεS.
、ve
lt
-• -+
-’
We like You like your He likes his She likεs her
We use my / your / his , et c. my hands our clothes
my our
hou se. hou se. hou se. hou se. hou se.
my our your his her
-+
+
their hou se.
η oun:
his new car your best 삼iend
her parents their room
his / her / their
Donna
Andy
Mr. and Mrs. Lee
her car (= Donna ’s car)
his bicycle
their son
her husband (= Donna ’s husband)
his sister
their daughter
her children (= Donna ’s children)
his parents
their children
its and it ’s lts it ’'s
(=
it is)
Hawaii is famous for its b eac h es. I like Hawaii. It’'s a beautiful place. (= It is a beautiful place.)
mine/yours, et c. • Unit 62
I/me/my/mine • Unit 63
their umbre lla
U N I T
Exercises 61.1 Complete the sentences in the same way.
m. v hands
I'm going to wash
1.
4. H e ’ s going to wash
2 . She ’ s going to wash 3. W e ’ re going to wash
hands.
Th ey ’ re going to wash 6. Are yO l1 going to wash 5.
?
61.2 Complete the sentences in the same way. He lives with his 2 They live with 3. W e 4. Jane li ves
parents
5 6. John 7 Do yO l1 li ve 8. Mo st children
F
pa rents. parents
pa rents. .
?
61.3 look at the family tree , and complete the sentences with hislherltheir.
團 g
Sarah
톨f
l
Tim
‘ Ld
”“
J
- ‘
훌&
3 ‘ ----‘ r
4
l
애
F편
1#
。
Gary
= Philip
떠
짧l
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
’‘
l건~
1 saw 1 saw 1 saw 1 saw 1 saw 1 saw 1 saw 1 5aw
1.
Beth
Sarah with her hu sband , Philip Laura and Steve with ch ildren ‘ Stev e with wife , La l1 ra brother , Tim. Gary with Laura with brother‘, Ti l11. Sarah and Philip with so n , Tim. La l1 ra with parents. B eth a nd Rob ert with parents
Robert
61.4 Write mylourlyourlhislherltheirlits. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
r、)
i i
이d
, ?•
4
”
써씨
i
μ 삐
’’ 1l
따 않
6. 7 8. 9. 10.
Do yo u Ii ke ~잉브r job? 1 know M r. Watson , but 1 don ’t know wife. so n Iives in M exico. Ali ce and Tom Iive in San Fran cisco. We ’ re going to have a party. We ’ re going to invite all friends. Anna is going out with friends tonight 1 Ii ke tennis. It ’s favorite spor t. “ Is that ca r?" “ No , I don ’t havc a car- ” I want to call Maria. Do you know phon e nU l11 ber? Do yo u think m05t p eo ple are happy with jobs:J 1’ m going to wash hair before I go ou t. R ”” a ‘ b m leaves are a bea utiful colo r. M n ·h% a b 0 Lm mI brother is 25 , and )
61.5 Complete the sentences. Use coat
homework
9~
mylhisltheiκ
house
sister is 21
et c. with these words:
husband
→8용
key
name
. I t ’s not very lI1 terest ll1 g Jim doesn ’ t like 펙꾀k 1 ca n't get in. 1 don ’ t have works in a bank Sally is married and sit down Please take off " 5. “ What are the children doing?" “ T hey ’ re doing " 6 “ Do yO l1 know that l11 an? " “ Yes , but 1 don ’ t know 7 . We live on Main Street. is on th e co rner of Main and First. 1 2. 3. 4. ‘
123
It's mine/yours/hers, etc.
Whose is this? ours
mlne
yours
his
hers
theirs
‘
we you he she they - - - -
-• -• -• -• -• -+
my our your his her their
•
mlne ours yours his hers theirs
-• -• -• -•
-
-+ -+ •
..
. .
;
It ’s my It ’s our It ’s your It’s his It ’s her It ’s their
m o ney. m on ey. m o ney. m o ney. m o ney. m on ey
It ’s mine It ’s ours It ’s yours. It ’s his It ’s hers. It ’s theirs
.~
We use my/ your , etc. , + noun (my hands / your book , et c.): • My hands are cold. • Is this your book? • Helen gave me her umbrella. • It ’s their problem , not our problem. We use mine / yours , et c., without a noun: • Is this book mine or yours? (= my book or your book) • 1 didn ’t have an umbrella , so Helen gave me hers. (= h er umbrella) • It ’s their problem , not ours . (= not our problem) • We went in our car , and they went in theirs. (= their car) You can use his with or without a noun: • “ Is this his camera or hers ?" “ It ’s his." A friend of mine / a friend of his / some friends of yours , et c. • 1 went to the movies with a friend of mine. (nol a friend of me) • Tom was in the restaurant with a friend of his. (11ot a friend of him) • Are those people friends of yours ? (not friends of you) Whose ... ? • Whose book is this? (= Is it your book? his book? my book? , et c.) 、
You can use whose with or without a noun ---’ • Whose money is this? ’ • s m ‘ Whose is this? ‘ • Whose shoes are these? -----‘ , They ’re John ’s Whose are these? i
f l
i
?
l
--ι-
i
r
Whose book is thi s?
i i i i i
J
my/his/their, et c. • Unit 61
I/me/my/mine • Unit 63 Kate ’'s camera / my brother’s car • Unit 65
U N I T
Exercises ’S
m L“
… m
1
T
삐，야
R
L
J
매
야
mι
πω
↓싸
ρι
’뼈
j 끼
O XU
R
빠 뺑 뼈
.
S. 6
m
… ω
.
「/
1t ’ s your money. It ’s -----,l:"ou r.5 2. 1t ’ s my bag. It ’ s h m m VUS ki R 4 @ 1.
，야 ，야 ιμ Rω πω
62.1 Complete the sentences with mine/yours , et c.
’
R
?e
It ’ s hi s coat. It ’ s
62.2 Choose the right word. It ’S their l해하f← problem , not 걷효르으브뜨 (their and ours are right) This is a nice camera . Is it y으브브X으브표? That ’S not 띤μ쁘핀트 umbrella. 띠μ띤핀효 is black. Whose books are these?Yö , ur/ Your S or 쁘ι핀핀맏 Catherine is going out with he브h던효 friends tonigh t. 민μ띤핀e r00111 is bigger than 쁘E객효rs They ’ ve got two children , but 1 don ’t know their/ theirs names. Can we use your washing machine? 0브μ으브뜨 1sn ’ t working
1.
2. 3. 4. S. 6. 7. 8.
62.3 Complete these sentences. Use friend(s) of mine/yours , etc. 1. 1 went to the movies with a ---1r쁘d마 mlne
They went on vacation with some ---1riends 0f theirs She ’s going out with a 재fe had dinner with some 1 played tennis with a Tom is going to meet a 00 you know those people? Are they
2. 3. 4 S. 6. 7.
P
62.4 Look at the pictures. What are the people saying? Whose car
K
U
”
「
It's theirs
2.
애
1.
/
”n t’ S
1
3.
these 7
5
6. j
125
I/me/my/mine 1 can see him, but he can ’ t see me.
.1
써’
You give me your phone number, and 川 give you mine . I ‘
1, et c. (• Unit 60)
me. etc. (-• Unit 60)
my , et c. (• Unit 61)
“”‘
1
mlne , et c. (• Unit 62)
1 knowTom.
Tom knows me.
It ’s my car.
It ’s mine.
We knowTom.
Tom knows us
It ’s our ca r.
It’S ours.
You know Tom.
Tom knows you.
It ’s your ca r.
It ’s yours.
It (
L u
·u
It ’s his car.
She knows Tom
Tom knows her.
[t ’s her car
It ’s hers.
Tom knows them.
It ’s their car
It ’s theirs
K ’K
“
m w T3 m
、
Tom knows him
다
He knows Tom.
J
Study these examples: • “ Do you know that man?" “ Yes , I know him , but 1 can't remember his name." • She was very happy because we invited her to stay with us at our house. • A: Where are the children? Have you seen them? B: Yes , they are playing with their friends in the park. • That ’s my pen. Can you give it to me , please? • “ Is this your hat?" “ No , it ’s yours." • He didn ’ t have an umbrella , so she gave him hers. (= she gavε her umbrella to him) • 1’ m going out with a friend of mine tonight. (not a friend of me) myself/yourself, etc
•
Unit 64 Give me that book / Give it to me • Unit 97
U N I T
Exercises 63.1 Answer the questions in the same way. 2.
I know hlm but I can't remember hls name
Yes , I know remember
Yes.
, butl can ’ t
4
Do you know me? Do you know those people? Yes , 1
U
m
1
Yεs ，
1
h
따
L
U
nalTIes.
씨
빼
없
、i
때
얀
” ι
μm
ω
I mU m t‘ O 5 r nw m rL0 ”w I m m m y 버
/0
ιω 때
gJ
F
α 셔
44T
」 ω
?-xι
63.2 Complete the sentences in the same way. 1. We invited her to stav wlth us at our house f e nm Y M. h m t r‘ ) at his house. k / m m hl e m M
i
house. house. house. house?
63.3 Complete the sentences in the same way. he 9 ave me hls addrεss. and 1 gave him mv 4
2
address , and she gave me address , and 1 gave address , and they gave addrεss ， and he gave address , and wε gave address , and you gave
1 gave her ηlV 3 Hε gave me hls 4 We gave them 5. She gave him 6. You gave us 7. They gave you ι
63.4 Write him/her/yours, et c.
”
’때
J시
f I I
”
π뼈 r
c3
야
벼
「/
P 1. Where ’s Amanda? Have you seεn h갇 ? 2. 재fhere are my keys? Whεre did 1 put ; 3. This letter is for Bill. Can you give it to 4. We don ’ t see neighbors much. They ’ re not at home very often. =>. “ 1 can't find my pen. Can 1 use ?" “ Sure-” 6. We ’ re going to the movies. Why don ’ t you come with ? D vl mr t driver ’s test? axU & m e FF m et jobs all the time. 9. Last night 1 went out for dinner with a 삼 iend of
127
myself/you rself/themselves , etc. Help yourself!
"
/ ; /*1
They ’re enjoying themselves.
He ’s looking at himsel f.
-• -• -•
me him her
you
-•
you
we they
-•
us them
he she
-’
-+
-• -•
myself himself herself { yourseIf
-+ -+
-•
t ~ourselves ourselves themselves
I
• • • • • • •
1 looked at myself in the mirro r. He cut himself with a knife . She f(ε11 off her bike , but she didn ’t hurt hersel f. Please help yoursel f. ω ne peηoη) Please help yourselves. “ψo or more people) We had a good vacation. We enjoyed ourselves. They had a nice time. They enjoyed themselves.
Compare: me / him / them , etc. She' is looking at
-
myself/ himself/ themselves , et c. is looking at Lhimse It:
~him
different people • • •
-
-
the same person
You n ever talk to me. I didn ’t pay for them. I ’ m sorry. Did I hurt you?
• • •
Sometimes I talk to mysel f. They paid for themselves. Be carefu l. Don ’ t hurt yoursel f.
by myself / by yourself, et c. = alone • I went on vacation by mysel f. (= I went alone) • “ Was she with friends?" “ N 0 , she was by hersel f." each other • Kate and Helen are good friends. Thεy know each other we11. (= Kate knows Helen / Helen knows Kate) • Paul and I live near each other. (= he lives near me / I live near him) Compare each other and -selves: Tim
Sue
Tim •
Tim and Sue looked at each other (= he looked at her , she looked at him)
me/him/them , etc
•
Unit 60
•
Sue
Tim and Sue looked at themselves. (= he looked at himself, she looked at hersel f)
U N I T
Exercises 64.1
Complete the sentences with myself/yourself. etc.
flImsdL
1. H e looked at
in th e mirror
2. 1’ m not angry with yo u ‘ I’ 111 angry with 3. K are n had a good ti l11 e in Brazi 1. She enjoyed 4 . My friend s had a good ti l11 e in Brazi 1. They enjoyed 5.
1 picked up a very hot plate and burned
6 . H e never thinks about other people. He only thinks about 7. 1 want to know more about you. T，ε11 me about 8.
ψ ne p e rs o 띠
, (tUJo people)
Goodbye! Have a good trip and take ca re of
64.2 Write sentences with by myself / by yourself. et c.
I went on vacation bv mν5elf
1. 1 went on vacation alone. 2.
Whe n 1 saw him , h e wa s alon e.
When 1 saw hi l11, h e
3.
Oon ’t
4.
Oon ’t go out alone. 1 、vent to the 1110vies alon e.
5.
κ1y
κ1y
6.
Many peoplε live alone
sister li ves alone .
sister
κ↑ any
people
64.3 Write sentences with each other. κ 이
」
Q
l
”
r n L -
κ
q
a
t
I can ’ t see her
2.
nm
L
I call him a lot
I can ’ t see him
I call her a lot
\1 7hev Ifke each 4
otheι
They c an ’[
I don ’ t know him.
|’ m sitting
5.
I don ’ t know him.
They
next to him.
I 6.
I gave her a presen t.
넌，’ |’ m sitting
I gave her a present ‘
next to her.
64.4 Complete the sentences. Use: each other or ourselves/yourselves/themselves
or
us/you/them
each other
1.
Paul and 1 live near
2.
Who are those people? 00 you know
3.
You can help TO l11, and TO I11 can h elp you. So you and TO l11 ca n help
t뾰쁘
?
4. There ’s food in the kitch e n. 1f you and Chris are hungry, you ca n help 5. W e didn ’t go to Linda ’s part y. She didn ’t iIWIte 6 . When we go on vacation , we always enjoy n 。、v. Mary and Jane went to sc hool to야 ther， but they n ever see for a long time. 8. Diane and 1 are very goo d friend s. W e ’ ve known 9. “ Oid you see Sa l11 and Laura at the party? " “ Yes , but 1 didn ’ t speak to
7.
10.
。
Many people talk to
”
when they ’ re alone. 129
-닝
(Kate ’5 camera / my brother's car, etc.)
My ca mera
My car MANAGER
Kate -、 、
종f
R My brother my bro th er ’s ca r (his car)
Kate ’ s cam era (her ca m era)
the m an ager ’ s offi ce (his or her offi ce)
We normally use -’s for people : • 1 staye d at my sister ’s ho use. (η ot the h o use o f my sister) • Have yo u met Mr. Black ’ s wife? (not the w ife of M r. Bl ack) • Are yo u go ing to James ’s party? • Paul is a man ’ s name. Paula is a woman ’ s nam e. You ca n use -’s w itho ut a noun after it • Sophie ’s hair is longer th an Kate ’ s. (= Kate ’s h air) • “ 찌T h ose umbrella is this?" “ It ’s my mother ’ s." (= my mother ’'s umbrella) • “ Wh ere were yo u las t night?" “ 1 was at Paul ’ s." (= Paul ’s house) friend ’s and
산 iends ’
Our house
My house
ξ흘혈훌b
two or more Jr iends
my friend ’ s ho use = one Jriend (= his hou se o r her h o use)
my friends ’ h o use (= their h o use)
We w rite ’ s after friend / student/ mother , etc. , (s iηIg uLar): my m o ther ’ s ca r φ ne mother) my father ’ s car φ ne ιl th er)
W e w rite ’ after fri ends / students / parents , etc. ψ L ura L) : my parents ’ car “ψo parents)
“
"'...,.-.... - --~ ，'
ι
~.=-
---, ' - '
W e use of ... fo r things , places , etc.: • Look at the roof of that building. (not th at building ’ s roo f) • We didn ’ t see th e beg inning of the movie . (nOI th e movie ’s beginning) • What ’s the name of this town? • Do yo u know the ca use of the problem ? • Yo u can sit in the back of the car. • Madrid is the capital of Spain.
mine/yours , et c. • Unit 62 whose ... ? • Unit 62 -’s(he’5/ Kate ’5, et c.) • Appendix 4.5
U N I T
Exercises
65.1 look at the family tree. Complete the sentences about the people in the family. Pedro is Blanca
2. ]ulia is Daniel ’ s 3. Bla nca is
Pedro
짧 J u Iia
Alberto
Blanca 상
Paul
Daniel Blanca and Pedro are m arri ed. They have a son ,Alberto , and a daughter,]ulia ]ulia is married to Paul ]ulia and Paul have a son , Daniel
hu s b가a， nd
mother
4. Alb erto is ]ulia ’ s 5. Alb erto is 6. ]uli a is 7 Blan ca is Daniel ’ s 8. ]uli a is Alb erto ’ s 9 Paul is 10. P aul is Daniel ’ s 1 1. D ani el is
wife. uncle wife.
hu sband. n eph ew.
65.2 look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use one word only.
1.
Alice
Andy
Jane
Who se is thi s?
Diane
3
And thi s?
5
4
And th ese?
6
Dave And thi s?
Alices 2.
Who se is thi s?
‘
And th ese?
65.3 Are these sentences OK? Change them where necessary. m Y sisters house 1. 1 sta yed a t th e hou se of mv siste r. OK 2 , What 1S the name of thi s vi Jl age? 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 1 1.
12. 13. 14.
Do yo u like th e colo 1' of thi s coa t ? Do yo u know the pho n e numb e 1' of Simon ) The iob of mv broth er IS ve ry 1nterest 1l1 g. W 1' ite you 1' name at th e top o f the page. Fo 1' mε ， mor 11l ng IS th e bes t part of the dav The 더vo 1' ite colo r of Pau l 1 is blue. Wh e n is the bi 1' thdav o f vour moth er > T h e hO L1 se of mv parents Isn ’ t ve 1' y big The walls of this h o use are ve 1' y thin. The ca 1' stopped at the e nd of th e s t 1'eε t Are yo u going to the pa1' tv of Svlvia n ext week? The manage 1' of th e h o te! is not h e1'e right now.
,
131
a/an
H e has a cam era. a ... • • • •
Sh e ’s wait ing fo r a taxi.
It ’s a b eautiful day
= o n e thing o r p erson : R ach el wo rks in a bank. (not in bank) Ca n [ ask a question? (not ask qu esti o n) 1 do n ’t have a computer. T h ere ’s a woman at th e bu s stop.
an (not a) b efo re a / e / i / o / u • Do yo u want an apple o r a b anan a? • 1’ m going to buy a h at and an umbrella • T h ere was an interesting prog ram on TV last night. also bu t
an hour (h is n o t prono unced: an )(o ur) a university (p ro no unce d y μnivcη ity) a European co untry (pro no unced y μ rop ea n )
another (= an + other) is o n e wo rd: • Can 1 h ave another cup of co ffee? We use a / an . .. w hen we say w h at a thing o r a p erso n is. For example: • T he sun is a star. |’ m a dentist • Foo tball is a game. J • Dall as is a city in Texas. • A m o use is an animal. It ’s a small anima l. • ] oe is a very nice person . We use a / an .. . fo r j obs, et c. • A : W hat do yo u do? B ’ I ’ m a dentist. (not [’ m dentist) l “ What does M ark do?" “ H e ’s an engineer ” • W o uld yo u like to b e a teacher? • B ee th ove n was a composer • Picasso was a famous painter. • Are yo u a student?
a bottle I some water (countable/uncountable) • Units 68-69 a/an and the • Unit 70
U N I T
Exercises 66.1 Write a or an.
an
1.
old book window horse
2. 3.
7.
alrport newalrport orgamzat lO n
4
5 6.
umverslty hour economic problem
8.
9.
66.2 What are these things? Choose from the box. bird planet
fruit tool
flower • nver
•
game vegetable
mountaln musical instrument
A duck is a blrd A carrot is Tennis is A hammer is Everest is
1.
2.
3. 4.
5.
6. Saturn is 7. A banana is 8. The Amazon is
•
A rose is 10. A trumpet is 9.
66.3 What are their jobs? Choose from the box and complete the sentences. architect photographer
den단ff
sales clerk 2
electrician taxi driver
Can I help you? i
4. '" , 11' ‘
l ‘ x소
5he상
5.
a dentlst
3
’
-
3
~→ --
7.
6
5
He ’ s She
2
nurse
6
7
8. And you? 1’m
4
66.4 Write sentences. Choose from the two boxes. Use a/an where necessary.
Tom never wears 1 can ’ t ride My brother is 1.
Rebecca works in Jane wants to learn Mike lives in Tonight 1’ m going to
+
old house party office hat
artlst foreign language bicycle
I want to ask vou a auestlon
2.
3. 4. 5 6. 7
8 133
train(s)
bus(es) (singular and plural)
The plural of a noun is usually -s:
• -• -• -•
singular (= one) a flower a traln one week a nice place this student Spelliη!g
-• •
(=
plμ ral
two or more) some flowers two tralns a few weeks some nice places these students
a flower
some flowers
(see Appendix 5):
-s / -sh / -ch / -x •
bus • buses dish -• dishes church • churches box • boxes potato • potatoes tomato -• tomatoes
es
also y-•
but -ay / -ey / -oy • f / -fe •
• les
ys
baby • babies dictionary -• dictionaries • party -• partles day • days monkey • monkeys boy •
ves
shelf •
shelves
knife •
knives
boys
wife -• wives
These things are plural in English:
sC1 ssors • •
glasses
pants
Jeans
shorts
tights
papmas
Do you wear glasses? Where are the scissors? 1 need them.
You can also say a pair of scissors / a pair of pants / a pair of pajamas , et c. • 1 need a new pair of jeans. or 1 need some new jeans. (not a new jeans) Some plurals do
η ot
end in -s:
this man • these men a woman • some women a child • many children
one foot • two feet a tooth • all my teeth a mouse • some mice
that sheep • those sheep a fish • a lot of fish
also a person • two people / some people / a lot of people , etc • She ’s a t11 ce person. but . They are nice people. (η ot nice persons) People is plural (= they) , so we say people are / people have , et c. • A lot of people speak English. (not speaks) • 1 like the people here. They are very friendly. Police is plural: • The police want to talk to anybody who saw the accident. (not The police wants)
T
U N
Exercises
67
67.1 Write the plura l.
f10wers
fl owe r 2. boat 3.
9 . family 10. foot 11. holiday 12. potato
5. umbrella 6 . add ress 7. knife 8 . sandw ich
、νo m a n
4. cit y
67.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. 2
4.
Gary
6
Lucy
A
4 'f
맥없
“ μ ιω
페뼈
댄
껴/-끼 J
T here are a lot of 쁘엎g l m uY r
ι 〔 낀
1.
in the field. at the bus stop .
t
'"
4. Lu cy has two 5. There are a lot of in the rive r. 6. The are falling from th e tree.
67.3 Are these sentences OK? Change the sentences where necessary. 1’ m go ing to buy so me f1。、ve r s. 2 . 1 need 김읍줍꽤 1.
3. 4. 5‘ 6. 7. 8. 9.
10 11 . 12 . ‘
13. 14.
OK / need a new /?air of ieans I need some new ieans
OR
1t ’s a lovely park w ith a lot of bea utiful tree. T h ere was a woman in th e ca r with two mens. Sheep eat grass David is m arri ed an d ha s three childs Most of my fr iend are stude n t. H e put o n his pajama and went to b ed We went fishing , but we didn ’ t catc h many fish. Do yo u know many p ersons in this town? 1 like yo ur p an t. Wh ere did yo u get it? Montreal is usually full of tourist [don ’ t like mi ce. 1’ m afra id of th em T his scissor isn ’ t very sha rp.
67.4 Which is righ t? Complete the sentences. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10.
[t ’ s a nice pla ce . Many peopl e -9.으 th ere o n vacation . Some people always lat e. T h e new city hall is not a very b ea utiful building. Mo st people lik e it A lot of p eople television every day. injured in the accident Three p e oplε in that h ouse? How many peopl e th e p 이 i ce k now the cause of the explosion? looking for the stolen ca r. T he policε [n eed m y glasses , but 1 ca n ’ t find new jeans today. 1’111 go ing to bu y
go or goes ? is or are ? don ’ t or doesn ’ t ? watch or watches ?
or 、lV ere ? live or lives ?
、lV as
Do 0 1' Does ? is or are ? it 0 1' them ' a or some ?
135
a bottle I some water (countable/uncountable 1) A n o un can b e countable o r uncoun table. Countable no uns For example: (a) car
(a) rnan
(a) bottle
(a) house
(a) key
(an) idea
(an) accident
Yo u can use one / two / three , et c. + countable nouns (you can count them):
two bottles
one bottle
three rnen
fo ur houses
Countable no uns can be singu lar (= one) o r plural (= two o r m o re) :
Singu lar I a car Plural I cars • • •
the car two cars
rny car , et c. the cars sorne cars
rnany cars , etc
1’ ve got a car. N ew cars are very exp ensive . T h ere aren ’t rnany cars in the parking lo t.
You can't use the singular (car/ bottle / key , et c.) alo n e.You n ee d a / an : • We can ’ t get into the h o use witho ut a key . (not w itho ut key) Uncountable no uns For example: water
atr
r1
ce
salt
plastic
rnoney
rnuslc
tennis
@격
9 a ，F·매 f “rater
rnoney
salt
You can 't say one/ two / three , et c. + these things: Uncoun table no u ns h ave o nly one form: rnoney the rnoney my rnoney some rnoney • • •
f￦융 mu앙te
much rnoney , etc
1 h ave sorne rnoney . T h erc isn ’t rnuch rnoney in the b ox. Money isn ’t everything.
You can ’t use a / an
+ uncountable no uns: X rnoney X rnusic X water
때
Jω (아
Unit 66 countable/uncountable 2 • Unit 69
, et c. + uncountable no un: . m a Lu a nr m m a ge
때없獅
빼 돼 양
， ψ ω 따 ”씨
《야
따뼈때
B ut yo u can say a piece of . .. / a bottle of . .. a m a bottle of water [R a a piece of ch eese a a bowl of rice
a/an •
@유응→하웅 t c r
rnuslc
U N I T
Exercises
68.1 What are these things? Some are countable and some are uncountable. Write alan if necessary. The names of these things are: bucket sand
egg • eOOf•
envelope toothbrush 2
a sg oon
P
S
F
wallet
water 4
I t ,S
I t,
8.
c
P
6
7
l t ’ (‘
I •L ,S
I t,
9
10
11
I t ’S
I •t ,S
l t’
3
---t ,
r
、
3
[
、ι
J
--s-와f
3.
I t,
It ’s .... sa It
pitcher
money toothpaste
J
12.
It,
、
、
c
[
“
J
68.2 Some of these sentences are OK , but some need alan. Write alan where 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1 don ’ t have watch. a watch Do yo u like cheese? OK 1 never wear ha t. Are yo u look ing for job? Kate doesn ’ t eat meat Kate ea ts apple every day 1’ m goin g to part y tonight Mu sic is wonder[ul thing.
necessarμ
9. Jamaica is island. 10. 1 don ’ t need key 11. Everybody needs food. 12. 1’ ve got good ide a. 13. Can yo u drive ca r? 14. Do you want cup of coffee? 15. 1 don't like coffee without milk 16. Don ’ t go out without coa t.
68.3 What are these things? Write a ... of . .. for each picture. Use the words in the boxes. ?
3
F、
bar cup loaf
bowl glass • plece
•
Jar • plece
a carton of milk 2
3
F
4.
9.
7
6.
J.
‘、
bread paper tea
+
honey soap water
Inilk soup wood
4
7.
5 6
8. 9.
137
a cake / some cake / some cakes (countable/uncountable 2) a / an and sorne a / an + singular co untable no u η5 (car/ apple / shoe , et c.) : • 1 n ee d a new car. • Wo uld you like an apple?
an apple
sorne + plural co untable n o u η5 (cars / apples / shoes , et c.) : • 1 n eed sorne n ew shoes. • Wo uld yo u like sorne apples ?
sorne apples
sorne + μ n co unta ble η o uns (water / rnoney / rnusic , et c.) : • 1 nee d sorne water. • W o uld yo u like sorne cheese ? (or Wo uld yo u like a piece of ch eese?)
sorne ch eese or a piece of ch eese
C ompare a and sorne : • Nicole bo ught a hat , sorne shoes , and sorne perfurne. • 1 read a newspaper , m ade sorne phone calls , and listen ed to sorne rnusic. M any n o uns are som etimes countable and som etimes uncountable. For example: ‘、‘-
sorne cakes
sorne cake or a piece of cake
sorne chickens
sorne chicken or a piece of chicken
a cake
u
a chicken
Compare a paper (= a n ewsp ap er) and sorne paper: • 1 want so m ething to rea d. 1’ m go ing to buy a paper. bu t . 1 want to m ake a sh opping list. 1 need sorne paper / a piece of paper. (no t a p ap er) Be careful w ith: advice
bread
furniture
hair
inforrnation
news
T h ese n o uns are usually uncountable. So yo u can ’ t say a / an . . . they can ’t b e plural (용냥혐%융， 빼품빼똥융; e t c.). • • • • • • • •
weather
work
(-tl-김%싫; 켠품융냥￥ ice
Can 1 talk to yo u ? 1 nee d sorne advice . (no t an advice) 1’ m going to buy sorne bread. (not a bread) T h ey ’ve go t sorne very ni ce furniture in their ho use. (not furnitures) Sylvia h as very lo ng hair. (not hairs) 1’d like sorne inforrnation ab o ut ho t els in Mexico C it y. (not info rmations) Listen! 1’ ve go t sorne goo d news . (not a good new s) It ’s nice weather to day. (not a nice wea ther) “ D o yo u like yo ur j o b ?" “ Yes , but it ’s h ard wor k." (not a hard work)
We say a job (bu t not a work): • 1’ ve go t a new job. ( η ot a n ew wo rk)
countable/uncountable 1 •
Unit 68 some and any • Unit 77
) and
U N I T
Exercises 69.1 What did you buy? Use the pictures to write sentences (1 bought ... ). 2.
3.
4.
’￡괜STE (1 j
•“
s。 tS
1.
2.
I bouaht some verfume, a hat, and some shoes 1 bought
3 4‘
69.2 Write sentences with Would you like a . . . ? or Would you like some ... ? 4
A 악
덕J
「/
/。
Would you lik e 3. Would
?
「/
Would you like some cheese
(J r
5.
6
? ? ?
69.3 Write a/an or some. 1. 1 rea d
요
book
and 1i ste n ed
to
후으쁘ζ
ITIU SI C.
food. I n ee d 1110n ey. 1 want to buy We l11 e t inte res ting p eopl e at the party 1’ 111 going to open window to get fr es h ai r. Ra c h el didn ’ t ea t l11 u ch for lun c h - only apple and W e li ve in big hou se. There ’s ni ce ya rd with I’ 111 go ing to l11 ake a tabl e . First 1 nee d wood ‘ advice. 8 Liste n to 111ε ca re full y. I ’ m g Ol ng to glve you 9 . 1 want to write a le tte r. I n ee d paper and pen 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
bread bea u ti fu 1 trees
69.4 Which is righ t? 1. 1'111 going to buy so m e n e w 켜셔융e--/ shoes . (shoes is right) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Mark has brown 뾰e /양E효 Paula has short bla ck 1lair / hairs. The tour guide gave u s so m e infor l11 ation / information s about the city W e ’ re going to bu y so m e n ew c hair / chairs W e ’ re going to buy so m e n ew filuniture / furnitures
7. 1t ’s hard to find a 쁘으Eι1.j으 b th ese da ys 8. W e had wonderful weather / a wonderful weather when we were on vacation.
139
a/an and the a / an
the Ca n you open the window?
Can you open a window? T here are three windows h ere. a window = window 1 or 2 or 3
T here is o nly one w indow h ere the windo w.
• • • • •
• •
1 have a car . (there are many cars an d 1 have on e) Can 1 ask a question? (there are many questions - can 1 ask one?) Is there a hotel near here? (th ere are m any h otels - is there one n ear h ere?) Paris is an interesting city. (th ere are m any in teresting citi es and Paris is on e) Lisa is a student . (there are m any stu dents and Lisa is on e)
l
• •
I’ m going to wash the car tom orrow. (= my car) Ca n yo u rep eat the question , please? (= the qu estio n that yo u asked) We enjoyed our vacatio n. The hotel was very nice. (= our ho tel) Paris is the capital of France . (th ere is only on e capital of Fran ce) Lisa is the youngest student in h er class. (there is only on e yo ungest student in h er class)
Co mpare a and the:
•
1 bought a jacket and a shirt . The jacket was ch eap , but the shirt was exp ensive.
(= the j acket and the shirt that 1 bought) We say the ... when it is clear which thing o r p erso n we m ean. For example: the door / the ceiling / the floor / the carpet / the light , et c. (oJ a room) the roof / the backyard / the kitchen / the bathroom , et c. (oJ a h OU 5잉 the airport / the police station / the bus station / the mayor ’ s office , etc. (oJ a cit끼 l
• • •
“ Wh ere ’s To m ?"
“ ln the kitchen ."
(= the kitch en of this ho use or ap artment) Turn off the light and close the door. (= the light and the doo r of the ro om ) Do you live far from the airport? (= the airp ort of your town) 1’d like to sp eak to the manager , please. (= the m anager of thi s store, etc.)
the ceiling
종the light
團
the floor
a/an • Unit 66 the • Units 71-74
the door
U N I
Exercises 70.1 Write a/an or the. 1. We e매 oyed our t매 -과ξ
2.
“ Can
1 ask
_죄←_
hotel was very nice “ Sure. What do you want to know?"
question?"
맹
빼
빼
oiι
vacat lO n 3. You look very tired.You need 4 “ Where ’s Ton1? ” “ He ’s in kitchen." 5. Eve is interesting person.You should meet he r. 6. A: Excuse me , can you tell me how to get to post office? B: Yes , go straight and then take next le 삼. ln m •t 7. A: Let ’s go and see B: O K, that ’s 8. 1t ’s nlCε 1T1O rning. Let ’s go for walk 9. Amanda is studen t. When she finishes school , she wants to be journalis t. She lives with two friends in apartment near college where she is studying. apartment is small , but she likεs Jt girl. boy is seven 10. Peter and Mary have two children , boyand factory. Mary doesn ’t have years old , and girl is three. Peter works in job outside the home right now.
70.2 Complete the sentences. Use a or the + these words: airport
cup
dictionary 2.
1.
냥윤유듀
plcture
floor
3.( Can I have of coffee , please 7
How far is it to ?
l늄등
Canyouopen
tne door
, please?
「
’ n”
That ’s
nlce -llikeit
/
、
5. ( Can you pass me
없
4.
•
’!
Why are you sitting on
70.3 These sentences are not correct. Put in a/an or the where necessary. 1.
Dαon 빠 ]ν’
2. Enjoy yoωur tnψP’ and don 따 1 ’'t forget to send me postcard.
3. What is name of this town? 4.
5. 6. 7 8. 9.
Canada is very big country. What is largest city in Canada? 1 like this room , but 1 don ’ t like color of carpet. “ Are you OK?" “ No , I ’ve got headache." We live in old house near station. What is name of director of movie we saw last night?
141
the ... We use the when it is clea r w hich thing o r p erso n we mea n: • What is the name of this street? (th ere is o nly o n e nam e) • Who is the best player o n your tea m ? (th ere is o nly o ne best player) • Can you tell m e the time please? (= th e time 11 0W) • M y office is o n the first floor. (= the fir st f1 00r o f th e building) ,
D o n ’ t forget the: • Do you Iive near the airport ? (not n ea r airp o rt) • Exc use m e , w h ere is the nearest bank ? 끼 o t w here is n earest ... ) the same . • We Ii ve o n the same street. (not on sa m e street) • “ Are these two b oo ks different?" “ N o , th ey ’re the same." (not they ’re sa me) We say the sun I the moon I the world I the sky I the ocean I the country • The sky is blue and the sun is shining • D o yo u Iive in a city o r in the country? the police I the fire department I the army (of a c i 이， co untry, et c.) • M y brother is a soldie r. H e ’s in the army. • What do yo u think of the p 이ice ? D o th ey do a goo d j o b ? the top I the end I the middle I the left , etc. l 댄1r ite yo ur nam e at the top of the p age • My h o use is at the end of this blo ck. • Th e table is in the middle of the ro 0 111. • D o yo u dri ve o n the right o r on the left in yo ur co untry?
the top the
• middle
the left
the right
the bottom
(play) the piano I the guitar I the trumpet , etc. (mu sical instruments) • Paula is lea rning to play the piano. the radio • 1 Ii sten to the radio a lo t. the Internet • D o you use the Internet mu ch?
’‘
hltp:II....ne t얘 이’
。
.. - ;:、~~.;..:...;; ..,.:;'-'. ,,_.
~;:
-=.:-
--- ，쫓;~ . ~;;，쓰e 싼f
We do not use the w ith: television / TV • 1 watch TV a lo t. • αT hat’s o n television to ni ght? but Ca n you turn off the television ? (= the T V se t) breakfast/ lunch l dinner • What did yo u have fo r breakfast? (not the breakfas t) • Dinner is rea dy! nextllast + week/ month/ yearl summer/ Monday , etc. • 1’ 111 no t wo rking next wee k. (not the n ext wee k) • Did yo u take a vaca tio n last summer? (no t th e last summer) "'""'"~~
a/an and the • Unit 70 the • Units 72-74 the oldest / the most expensive , etc
•
...
~
•• -
Unit 91
-- -.-- .............................,...... _- _..-
,..,..•
•
3
U N
Exercises 71.1
Put in
the where
necessarμ Write
T
71
OK if the sentence is already correct.
1. What is name of this s treεt?
the name
2. What ’s on television tonight ì
OK
3. Our apartment is on seco nd floor Would you 1i ke to go to 11100n? What is bes t hotel in this town? What timε is lunch? How far is it to football stadium? We ’ re taking a trip at end of Ma y. What arε you doing next weekend? 1 didn ’ t 1i ke her first time 1 met her ‘ 1’ m going out after dinne r. Internet is a good placε to get information My sister got married last month. My dictionary is on top shelf on righ t. We live in country about 10 miles 삼om nearest town.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12. 13. 14. 15.
71.2 Complete the sentences. Use age 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 71.3
color
the same + these words: t1 me
st l' eet
problem
1 1i ve on N orth Street , and you 1i ve on N orth Stree t. We live on the same street 1 arrived at 8:30 , and you arrived at 8:30. We arrived at Jim is 25 , and Sue is 25.Jim and Sue are κ1y shirt is dark blu e , and so is my jacket. My shirt and jackεt are 1 have no money, and you havε no money. We havε
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use
……4. 。
””
3
2.
1.
•
the if necessary. 「
6
J.
‘
-L;S4 (?I ð<.k
PQIA\ Robcrts < hr; Sto"e
‘
f?f\，t，ιaWdtron
)ðYðh ktl\t ‘ m Ho얘，d
Th e sun 2 3
is shining.
She ’s playing They ’ re having
4. He ’s watching 5. They ’ re SWlmmlng 111 6 Tim ’s nam e IS at
71.4 Complete these sentences. Choose from the list. Use capit al
&흩 HHe l'
lunch
m iddl e
name
of the list
the if necessary. police
sky
television
at a restaurant last nigh t. 1. We had dinner 2. Wε stayed at a very ni ce hotε1 ， but 1 don ’ t renlemb er is very clear tonight. You ca n see all the stars. 3. 4. Sometimes there are
so mε
b
6. Tokyo is 7. “ What did you have for 8. 1 woke up in
good progran'l S on stopped me because 1 was driving too fast ofJapan ì" “ A salad." ofthε night
late at night.
143
go to work
Sh e ’s at work.
go home
go to the movies
T h ey ’re going to schoo l.
He ’s in bed.
We say : (go) to work , (be) at work , start work , fini sh work • Bye ! 1’ m going to work n ow. (not to th e work) • 1 finish work at 5: 00 every day. (go) to school , (be) at school , start school , fi ni sh school , et c. • What did yo u lea rn at school to day? (not at th e sch ool) • So m e ch ildren do n ’ t like schoo l. (go) to college , (b e) in college • H elen wants to go to college w h en sh e finishes high school • What did yo u study in college? (go) to class , (be) in class • 1 ca n ’ t talk now. 1 have to go to class. • 1’ 11 be in class until 5:00 to day. 1’11 call yo u w hen 1 get out (g이
to prison/jail , (b e) in prison/jail • Why is h e in prison ? W hat did h e d o?
(go) to church , (be) in / at church • D avid usually goes to church o n Sundays . (go) to bed , (b e) in bed • 1’ m tired . 1’ m going to bed. (not to the bed) • “댄l h er e ’s ] an e?" “ She ’s in bed-” (go) home , (b e) (at) home , etc. • 1’ m tired. 1’ m going home . (not to h o m e) • Are yo u go ing o ut to night , or are yo u staying home ? (or staying at home) We say: (go to) the movies / the theater / the bank / the post office / the hospital / the station / the airport • 1 never go to the theater , but 1 go to the movies a lot. • “ Are yo u going to the bank?" “ N 0 , to the post office." • T h e numb er 5 bus goes to the airport ; the nu mber 8 goes to the train station. (go to) the doctor , the dentist • Yo u ’re no t well. W hy don ’t yo u go to the doctor? • 1 have to go to the dentist tom orrow.
the • Units 70-7 1. 73-74 in/at • Units 107-108 to/in/at • Unit 109 (at) home • Unit 109
T7
U N
Exercises 72.1 Where are these people? Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need
the. 6
5
4.
-‘?
1. He ’s in bed 2. They ’re at
. 5. They ’re at 6. He ’s 1n
3. She ’s m 4. She ’s at
72.2 Complete the sentences. Choose from the list. Use bed
-e뻐 reh
home
the if necessary.
post office
school
station
1 need to get some money. 1 have to go to t쁘쁘nk David usually goes to church on Sundays In the United States , children start at the age of five. waiting for the train. There were a lot of people at 1 called you last night , but you weren ’ t at no w. Good night! 6. 1’ m going to to get some stamps 7. I'm going to
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
72.3 Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need 1 2 3 4. 5.
If you Ifyou If you If you If you 6. If you 7. If you
the.
want to catch a plane , you 9 o to the alrp ort want to see a movie , you go to are tired and you want to sleep , you rob a bank and the police catch you , you have a problem with your teeth , you want to study a 감 er you finish high schoo l , you are badly injured in an accident , you
•
72.4 Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences where necessary. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
7. 8.
9. 10. 1 1. 12. 13.
14. 15.
We went cto 효팩 last night 1 finish work at 5:00 every day Lisa wasn ’t feeling well yεsterday， so she went to docto r. 1 、;vasn ’ t feeling well this morning , so 1 stayεd in bed. Why is Angela always late for work? “ Where are your children?" “ They ’ re at schoo l." We have no money in bank. α1hεn 1 was younger , 1 went to church every Sunday. What time do you usually get home from work? Sorry 1 couldn ’ t call you back earlie r. r was in class “ Where should we meet?" “ At station." Kate takes her children to sch ool every day. Jim is sick. He ’s in hospita l. Would you like to go to college? Would you like to go to theater tonight?
to the movles
OK
145
I Ii ke music.
I hate exams. /γ
I like music
L
I don ’ t like cold weather .
I hate exams .
‘ )
ι
/‘ -
D o not use the fo r gen eral ideas : • 1 like music , esp ec ial1 y classical music . (not the music .. . th e classical music) • We don ’t ea t meat ver y o fte n. (not th e m ea t) • Life is no t p ossibl e w ithout water. (not Th e life ... the wa ter) • 1 hate exams. (not the exa m s) • D o yo u kn ow w h ere 1 ca n buy foreign newspapers ? • 1’ m n o t very goo d at w riting letters D o no t use the fo r ga m es and sports: • 1이 y fa vo rite sp o rts are tennis and skiing. (not the tennis ... the skiin g) Do n o t use the fo r lang l1 ages o r school sl1 bj ec ts (history / geography / physics / biology , et c.) • D o yO l1 think English is diffi cult? (not the E ngli sh) • To m ’s brother is stud ying physics and chemistry flowers o r the flowers ? Compare : Flowers are b ea utifl1l. (= fl ow ers in gen eral)
•
•
1 do n ’ t like cold weather . (= cold wea ther in ge neral)
•
The weather isn ’t very goo d to day. (= the wea th er today)
•
We do n ’ t eat fish ve ry often. (= fi sh in gen eral)
l
매Te
•
뼈
뼈때
rL
η
the • Units 70-72, 74
”
1i
。
Are yO l1 interes ted in history ? (= histo ry in gen eral)
h ad a great m eallas t ni ght. The fish was excellent . (= the fish we ate las t ni ght) D W u ’K m M t e m m 뼈
•
•
1 love yo ur ga rden The flowers are b ea l1 tiful (= th e fl owers in yo ur ga rden)
( 4li
The flowers are beau tiful ‘ 싸
U N I T
Exercises 73.1 What do you think about these things? big cities housework
chocolate ]azz
computer garnes museums
dogs par tI es
exarns tennls
Choose seven of these things and write sentences with:
1 like . . . 1 don ’ t like . . . 1 love . 1 / hate exαms. OR . I like exams. OR
1 hate . . .
. . . is/are all right
Exams are all riaht. {etc}
7 4 ?J A
‘, {3 /b 「/
。。
73.2 Are you interested in these things? Write sentences with: I ’ m (very) interested in .
I ’ m not interested in . . . I써
1.
(hi sto r y)
2. 3. 4. ') . 6.
(p oliti cs) 1 (s po rts) (a rt) (astro n omy) (eco n0 111i cs)
1 know a lot about ... 1 know a little about ...
1 don ’ t know much about . 1 don ’ t know anything about ..
very interested in histo lY
73.3 Which is right? M Y favo rite spo rt is fìo o tball / 늬 , ι 노 ðffi“ 1J.:- (foo tba ll is ri ght) 1 li ke this hote l. -1솟 00 1퓨-r/ Th e ro0 111s are ve ry ni ce. ( Th c 1"00 111 5 is right) Eve r ybody n ee ds fl' iends / th e fri ends. Jane does n ’ t go to Qarti es / th e parti es very often 1 we nt shoppin g at th e mall this 1110 rning . Stores / Th e sto res were very crowded “ 낸! h e re ’s milk / th e mill
147
the ... (names of places) Places (continents , countries , states , islands, towns , et c.) In general we do /1 ot use the with names of places: • Quebec is a province of Canada • Bangkok is the capital of Thailand. • Hawaii is an island in the Pacifi c. • Peru is in South America But we use the in names with republic / states / kingdom : the Dominican Republic the Czech Republic the United States of America (the USA) the United Kingdom (the UK)
the - s (plural names) We use the with plural names of countrieslislands / mountains: the N etherlands the Hawaiian Islands the Philippines the Andes
Seas , rivers , etc. We use the with names of oceans / seas/ rivers / canals: the Atlantic (Ocean) the Mediterranean (Sea) the Nile (River) the Panama Canal
theAmazon the Black (Sea)
Places in towns (streets , buildings , etc.) In general we do /1. ot use the w ith names of streets , squares , etc.: • Kevin lives on CentraI Avenue • Where is Main Street , please? • Times Square is in NewYork. We do n o t use the with names of airports , stations , universiti es , and parks. Harvard University 0 ’ Hare InternationaI Airport Yosemite (N ational Park) Pennsylvania Station But we use the with names of most hotels, museums , theaters , and monuments the Regent Hotel the National Theater the Metropolitan (Museum) the Odeon (movie theater) the Taj Mahal the Li ncoln Memorial
U &
‘。
me me
따 (냥 ”아
We use the + names with ... of .. the Museum of Modern Art the Great Wall of China
뼈 빼
the ... of .
L @
We say the north / the south / the east / the west (of ... ) • 1’ ve been to the north of Italy , but not to the south.
the • Units 70-73
m
U N
Exercises
74.1 Answer these geography questions. Choose from the box. Use The if necessary.
--
--‘ @
@
@ •
’ 2. 3. 4. 5
Cairo 재 e Atlantic
6‘ 7
8 9
10.
is the capital of Egyp t. is between Africa and A merica. is a country in north e rn Europe. is a river in South America. is the largest continent in the world. is the largest ocean is a river in Europe. is a country in East Africa. is between Canada and Mexico are mountain s in South America. is the capital of Thailand are mountains in ce ntral Europe. is between Saudi Arabia and Africa is an is land in th e Ca ribbean. are a group of islands near Florida .
11 12. 13 14 15.
‘’‘
Al p s Arn azon Andes Asia :&tlftfltle IW Bahamas Bangkok Jamaica Kenya Pacific Red Sea Rhine Sweden United States
74.2 Write the where necessary. If the sentence is already correct, write OK. 1. Kevin lives on Central Avenu e. 2. We went to see a play Ce t National Theat혜 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1.
12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
17. 18. 19. 20.
•
OK at the National 깨 eater
Have you ever been to C hina? Have yo u ever been to Philippines? Have you ever been to so uth of France? Ca n you tell me where Wa shington Monu111ent is? Ca n you tell 111e where Hollywood Boulevard is? Ca n you tell me where Museum of Art is? Europe is biggεr than Australia. Belgiu111 is smaller than Neth e rlands. Which river is longer - Mississ ippi or Nile ? Did yo u go to National Gallery when you were in Washington ? W e stayed at Park Hotel n ea r Ce ntral Park. How far is it 감0111 Times Square to Kennedy Airport? Rocky Mountains are in North America. Texas is famous for oil and cowboys. 1 hope to go to United Kingd0111 next yea r. Mary co mes fr0111 west of Ireland. Alan is a student at University of Michigan. Panama Canal joins Atlantic Ocean and Pa cifi c Ocean.
Additional exercises 33-34 (pages 26 1-262)
149
th i s/thatlthese/those this (singular)
these (p lural)
00 you li ke 갖 this picture
These flowers are for you
.서·‘
m
Who are those people?
t옳많t펴냄앓鋼
때
that those
뼈
%
때m 빠
때얘 γιω
ω ·야뼈 앉ι
μ 「ι …μ「
this thgse
00 you like hat oicture 7 ’
I
m
those (p lural)
that (síngular)
that picture (= that picture there) those people (= those people there)
W e u se this / that / these / those wi th a no un (this picture / those girls , et c.) o r w itho ut a no u n: •
This hotel is exp en sive , but it ’s ve ry m ce .
•
“ W h o ’s that girl?"
• •
Do yo u like these shoes ? I b o u gh t t h em las t wee k . Those apples loo k nice. Ca n I h ave o n e?
•
This is a nice h o tel , but it ’s very exp enslVe.
•
“ Excu se me , is this yo ur b ag?" “ O h yes , th ank yO U." Who ’s that? (= W h o is that p erson ?)
• • that
• •
“ I don ’t k n ow-”
a noμ”
1ν ithout
a
no μn
Which sh oes d o yo u like b e tter - these o r those ?
= som e thing
that has happened: “ I ’ m so rry I fo rgot to call yO U." “ That ’s all right ." That was a really nice m eal. T h ank yo u ve r y much
= w h at someb o dy
•
has jμs t said: “ Yo u ’ re a teach er , aren ’ t YO U?" “ Yes , that ’s ri gh t."
•
“ M ark h as a n ew job."
•
“ I ’ m going o n vacati o n n ext week."
that
iν; th
“ H e does? I didn ’ t kn ow that ."
“ O h , that ’s n1ce.”
W e u se this is ... and is this . . . ? o n the telepho n e • Hi Sa rah , this is David (= the sp eaker) • Is this Sarah ?
(= the o ther person)
] Hi Sarah , this is Oavid
David
W e u se this is .. . to intro du ce p eo ple: • A: B rian , this is C hris. B: He l1 o , C h r is. Nice to meet yo u C: H i .
*‘
Brian. this is Chris
A
Amanda this one / that one • Unit 76
Brian
Chris
I
U N I T
Exercises 75.1
Complete the sentences. Use birds
1
dishes
this/that/these/those + these
house
postcards 2.
Do y. ou like
these shoes
words:
빼 oe융
seat
3.
Who lives in
How much are
?
?
7
?
..
i톨·“~~ ‘ 이
때
Look at
• X
뼈
5.
「 」
4.
6.
]
free? •
γ
are dirty ‘
....,.
r ...r -r'"‘’
..,.
•
~ 、，
>‘ ”
X
A -‘ -'
-
Is this/that your ... ? or Are these/those your ... ?
75.2 Write questions:
Is this
75.3 Complete the sentences with
this is or that's or that.
A: 1’ 111 sorry 1’ 111 late. B: 교따흐_ all ri ght. 2. A: 1 ca n ’ t C0111ε to the party t0111orrow. 1.
B: Oh ,
too bad. Why not?
3 . (on the phon e) S~le:
H ell o , Jan e . Su e . Jan e: Oh , hi Sue. How are you' 4. A: You ’ re lazy B: not tru e ! ‘
5 . A: B e th plays th e piano very well B: Does sh e? 1 didn ’ t know 6. lVIark meets Pau/'s sister, H e/en.
Pa “/: Mark , 111y sister , Helen. Mark: Hi , H elen 7. A: 1’m so rr y 1 was angry yesterday B: OK Forge t It! 8. A: You ’ r e a friend of T i m's , are n ’ t you? B: Yes , righ t. 151
one/ones 뼈
M
n니 ‘
”
…
WJ J
빠
하때
대
빼 댔
π川
W
때
one (= a .. .)
Wo uld you like one ?
= Would you like ,a one
= a/an . . . (a ch ocolate / an apple , et c.)
__
~썼 τU
•
•
chocolate ?
;e:"!'~
•
，;';"' .，".~ !jt ~→;←
--
-
_.=
-..-
~ "'_ "，!!;::~，，::>>'_'
c<;"--E'_ _•~•
1 n eed a pen. Do yo u have one ? (one = a pen) A : Is there a bank n ear h ere? B : Yes , there ’'s one o n the corne r. (one = a bank)
one and ones one (s ingular)
ones
Whi ch one do yo u wan t7
= Which hat?
The white ones
Wh ich ones do you wa nt?
This one
Which one?
φ lura l)
Which ones ?
닮Zτ hat/car / girl , et c.
ones
= Which flowers ?
= fIOWESS암3rf/girls ，
etc.
this one / that one • Which car is yo urs? This one or that one? (= this car or that car)
these / those (without on es) • Which flowers do yo u want? These o r those? (usually not th ese o nes or those ones)
the one ... • A : Which hotel did yo u stay at? B: The one nea r the airport. • 1 found this key. Is it the one you lost?
the ones • A ’ Which books are yo urs? B : The ones o n th e table. • 1 fo und these keys. Are they the ones yo u lost?
the . . . one • 1 don ’ t like the black coat , but 1 like the brown one . • Don ’t buy th at camera. Buy the other one.
the ... ones • 1 don ’t like the red shoes , but 1 like the green ones. • D on ’ t buy those apples. Buy the other ones.
a / an ... one • This cup is dirty. Ca n 1 have a c1 ean one ? • That cookie was goo d . 1’ m gomg to have another one .
some . . .ones • T h ese cups are dirty. Ca n we have some c1 ean ones? • M y shoes are very old . 1’ m go m g to buy some new ones.
which .. . ? •
Unit 48
another •
Unit 66 this/that, et c. •
Unit 75
;
•
;
U N I T
Exe 민만r디.
76.1 A asks B some questions. Use the information in the box to write B’5 answers. Use one (not a/an ... ) in the answers. B just had a cup of coffee B is going to get a bike B doesn ’ t have an ulllbrella
B d oe sn ’ t need a c ar there ’s a drugstore on First Avenue
A: A: A: A: A: A:
2
3 4 5 6
Can you lend me a pen? Would you like to have a car? Do you have a bike? Can you lend m e an umbrella? Would you like a cup of coffìεeP 1s there a drugstore near h ere?
B: B: B: B: B: B:
1’ nl sorry , I do n't have one No , 1 don ’ t No , but 1’ m sorry , but No , thank you. Yes ,
. •
•
76.2 Complete the sentences. Use a/an ... one. Use the words in the list. better
big
elesft
different
n ew
o ld p
1. This cup is dirt y. Can 1 have 2. 3. 4. S. 6.
a clean one 1’ m going to se ]J my car and buy That ’s not a very good picture. This is 1 want today ’s newspape r. Thi ‘ ” This box is too small. 1 need Why do we always go to thε same restaurant? Let ’s go
to
•
76.3 A is talking to B. Use the information to complete the conversations. Use one/ones. 1. A stayed at a hotel. [t 1ν as near the airport.
A B: A
댄!e
stayed at a hotel Which one Th e one near the airp ort
2. A sees so me shoes Ín a store They ’ re cç; reen A 1 like those shoes B: Which A The
3
6
P
1ν Índow.
A Ís lookir，앵 at a house. It has a red door A: That ’ s a nice house. B: A with
tνall. ;
7
A sees a girl iη a group of people. She ’'s tall wÍth long hair. A: Do you know that girl? ? B A:
8
A Ís looking at some They ’ re yellolν A: Those flowers are beautifu l. B A
;
?
A Ís lookíng at so me CDs. Th ey' re on the top she lf. A: Are tho se your CDs? ? B A
9.
S. A Ís looking af a jacket in a store. [t ’'s black. A: Do you like that jacket? ? B: A:
10
4
A is looking at a picture. !t 's on the A: That ’ s an mterestmg plcture. B A
?
A Ís lookíng at a man in α resta • trant. He has a mustache and glasses. A: Who ’ s that man? B: A with A took so me pictures at the party la st A: Did 1 show you my pictures? B: A
?
μleek .
P
153
some and any some
any I don ’ t have any money
I have some money ,
o e
Use • • •
some in positive sentences: 1’ m going to buy some clothes. There ’s some ice in the fridge. We made some mistakes.
Use • • •
。
any in negative sentences: 1’ m not going to buy any clothes. There isn ’ t any milk in the fridge. We didn ’ t make any mistakes.
any and some in questions In most questions (but not all) we use any (not some): • Is there any ice in the fridge? • Does he have any friends? • Do you need any help? We normally use some (not any) when we oJfer things (Would you like , • . ?): • A: Would you like some coffee? B: Yes , please. or when we ask for things (Can 1 have ... ?, et c.) • A: Can 1 have some soup , please? B: Yes. Help yoursel f. • A: Can you lend me some money? B: Sure. How much do you need?
Do you have any money7
Would you like some coffee?
some and any without a noun • • • • •
1 didn ’ t take any pictures , but Jane took some. (= some pictures) You can have some coffee , but 1 don ’ t want any. (= any coffee) 1 j ust made some coffee. Would you like some? (= some coffee) “ Where ’s your luggage?" “ 1 don ’ t have any." (= any luggage) “ Are there any cookies?" “ Yes , there are some in the kitchen." (= some cookies)
something / somebody (or someone) • She said something. • 1 saw somebody (or someone). • 댄10uld you like something to eat? • Somebody ’s at the doo r.
anything / anybody (or anyone) • She didn ’ t say anything. • 1 didn ’ t see anybody (or anyone). • Are you doing anything tonight? • Where ’s Sue? Has anybody seen her?
a and some • Unit 69 somebody/anything , et c. • Unit 80
U N I T
Exercises 77.1
Write some or any. 1. 1 bought _효으쁘ζ_ cheese , but 1 didn ’t buy
의묘X
bread
애
뼈
아뼈 얹ιω
1hU
뼈빼
stamps 2. 1’ m going to the post office. 1 need 3. There aren ’t gas stations in this part of town. 4. Gary and Alice don ’t have children. 1b M @ K‘ s. Do you have n m ,mc ob U 6. There are 7. Do you know good hotels in Miami? 8. “재10uld you like tea?" “ Yes , please." 9. When we were on vacation , we visited very interesting places. 10. Don ’ t buy rice. We don ’ t nεed . oranges , but thεy didn ’ t have at the store. 1 1. 1 went out to buy water, please? 12. 1’ m thirsty. Can 1 have 77.2 Complete the sentences. Use some or any + the words in the box.
뺑 짜
W%
““
batterie s milk
friends pictures
fruit quest lO ns
help 빼없륜Ððð
1. 1 want to wash my hai r. Is there anv shamvo o ? 2. The police want to talk to you. They want to ask you 3. 1 don ’ t have my camera , so 1 can ’ t take 4. Do you speak foreign S. Last night 1 went to a res taurant with in my coffee , please? 6. Can 1 have 7. This camera isn ’ t working. There aren ’t fresh 8. 1t ’s hot in this office. 1’ m going out for ? 9. A: Would you like B: No , thank you. 1’ ve had enough to eat 10. 1 can do this job alone. 1 don ’ t need
?
of mine 111 1 t.
77.3 Complete the sentences. Use some or any. . (1 / take) 1. Jane didn ’ t take any pictures , but I took some 2 “ Where ’s your luggage?" “ / don't have any ’ (1 / not / have) 3. “ Do you need any money?" “ No , thank you . 4. “ Can you lend me some money?" “ I ’ m sorry, but S. Thε tomatoεs at the storε didn ’ t look very good , so 6. There were some nice oranges at the store , so 7. “ How many phone calls did you make yesterday?" “
- ’ (1 / have) . ’ (1 / not / have)
. (1 / not / buy) (1 / buy) ’ (1 / not / make)
77.4 Write something/somebody or anything/anybody. 1. A woman stopped me and said 5omething , but 1 didn ’ t understand 2. “ What ’s wrong?" “ Therε ’S ln l11y eye-” 3. Do you know about politics? 4. 1 wεnt to the store , but 1 didn ’ t buy S. broke the window. 1 don ’ t know who. 6. There isn ’t in the bag. It ’s empty. 7. 1’ m looking for my keys. Has seen them? 8. Would you like to drink? 9. 1 didn ’t εat because 1 wasn't hungry. 10. This is a secre t. Please don ’t te \l •
155
not + any
no
none
The pa rking lot is empty. There aren ’ t any ca rs There are no cars
in the parking lo t.
How m any cars are there in the parking lo t? None.
not (-n ’ t ) + any • There aren't any cars in the parking lot • Tracey and Jeff don ’ t have any children. • You can have so m e coffee , but 1 don ’ t want any. no
+ noun (no cars / no garage , etc.)
no . . . = not any or not a • There are no cars in the parking lo t. (= there aren ’ t any cars) • We have no cofi농 e. (= we don ’ t have any coffee) • It ’s a ni ce h o use , but there ’s no garage. (= there isn ’ t a garage) We use no . .. especially after have / has and there is/ are.
negatíve verb + any = posítíve verb + no • They don ’ t have any children. or T hey have no children. (not They don ’t have no children) • There isn't any suga r in your coffee. or There ’ s no sugar in yo ur coffee. No and none U se no + η oun (no tnoney / no children , etc.): • We have no tnoney. • Every thing was OK. T h ere were no probletns. U se none alone (wítho ut a no un) • “ How much money do you have?" “ None." (= 110 money) • “ We re there any problems?" “ No , none." (= 11 0 problems)
뼈 째
None and no one m = ou V m e = J
None is an answer for How tnuch? / How tnany? (things or people) : • “ How tnuch money do yo u have?" “ None." (= no money) • “ How tnany people did yo u m ee t? " “ None." (= 110 people) N 0 one is an a l1 SWer for 、Who ? : l “ Who did yo u m eet?" “ No one."
or
“ Nobody."
negatlves • Unit 44 some and any • Unit 77 anybody/nobody/nothing , et c. • Units 79-80
U N I T
Exercises 78.1 Write these sentences again with no.
We have no monev
1. We d o n ’t have any m o ne y. 2 . T he re aren ’ t any sto res nea r here. 3. Ca rla does n ’ t have a ny free ti m e. 4. T h ere isn ’ t a light in thi s roo m. Write these sentences again with
Th ere are
any. Wedon't have anv
5. We have no m o n ey. 6. Th ere ’s no milk in th e frid ge 7. T here are n o bus es to day. 8. To m has no bro thers o r sisters
moneν
78.2 Write no or any. 1. T h e re ’s _끄으_ suga r in yo ur co ffee.
children. 2 . M y broth er is m arri ed , but h e d oesn ’ t have 3. Sue d oesn ’t sp eak fo reign lan guages. co ffee.Would you like so m e tea? 4. 1’ m afraid there ’s b1rds.” 5. “ Loo k at those birds!" “ Birds? Wh ere? 1 can ’ t see ldea ” 6. “ 0 0 yo u know wh ere J ess ica is?" “ N o , I have Write
no , any, or none.
7. T here aren ’ t pi ctures o n th e wall. 8. Th e w ea th er was cold , but th ere was w ind 9. 1 wa nted to buy so m e o ranges , but they didn ’t have mi stakes . 10 . Ever ything w as correc t. T h ere were 11 12
“ H ow mu ch luggage do yo u have?" “ H ow mu ch luggage do yo u have ?"
“
at the sto re
”
“ 1 don ’ t have
”
air conditioning line
a nswer money
difference
(h
q
빼빠
78.3 Complete the sentences. Use any or no + the words in the box. k ·m m
furniture
1. Eve rything was OK. T here were no orob/ems 2. J ac k and E mily w o uld like to take a vacation , but th ey have 3 I ’ m not gomg to answer 4. H e ’s always alone. H e has betwee n these two m ac hines . Th ey ’re exac tl y th e sa m e. 5. T h ere is in th e roo m. 1t was co mpl etely empty. 6. Th ere wasn ’ t 7. 1 tri ed to ca ll yo u yesterday, but there was 8. T h e h o use is ho t beca use th ere isn ’ t o utside th e m ov ie th ea te r, so we didn ’ t have to 9. T h ere wa s w ait to ge t o ur ti ckets .
78.4 Write short answers (one or two words) to these questions. Use none where necessary. 1. H ow 2. How 3. H ow 4. H ow 5. H ow
many m any mu ch m any m any
letters di d yO L1 write yesterday? sisters d o yo u have? co ffee did yo u drink yes terday? pi ctures have yo u taken today? legs does a snake have?
πvo
OR
A /ot.
OR
None
157
not + anybody/anyone/anything nobody/no one/nothing 삐
not + anything nothing (for things)
。
W
y m
이
Or
ψ4
“υ ‘
때
ιh
m ‘v // Y’ n Ot n O b .M“v / m n e
많훨
Il-
뼈없 뼈뼈
•
T’ h e m ·I m, ‘l ‘,
f ll
nIm m
m
p ~
•
Th ere isn't anything in the bag.
•
T h ere is nothing in the bag
•
A : What ’s in the bag?
-
•
•
rnobodvl T h ere is j “ f in the ro o m. lno one J
A: Who is in the roo m ? B: Nobody . / No one
-body and -one are the sam e: anybody = anyone nobody
B : Nothing.
= no
one
not + anybody / anyone • 1 do n ’ t know anybody (o r anyone) h ere.
not + anything • 1 can't rem emb er anything.
nobody = not + anybody no one not + anyone • 1’ m lo nely. 1 have nobody to talk to. (= 1 do n ’ t h ave anybody) • The h o use is empty. T h ere is no one in i t. (= There isn ’t anyone in it.)
nothing • •
= not +
anything
Sh e said nothing. (= Sh e didn ’ t say anything. ) T h ere ’s nothing to eat. (= There isn't anything to ea t. )
「
negative verb + anybody / anyone / anything pos lt1 ve νerb + nobody / no one / nothing
H e doesn ’ t kn ow anything . (not H e doesn ’ t know no thing) Don ’ t tell anybody . (not Don ’t tell no body) T h ere is nothing to do in this town . (not T h ere isn ’t no thing)
some and any • Unit 77 any and
n。 •
Unit 78 somebody/anything/nowhere, etc
•
Unit 80
·팽 뼈
뼈
iι
뼈뺑뺑
• • •
뺑빵 뼈
R em embe r :
따
빼쩌W
--
맨 m μω 띠
Yo u can use nobody / no one / nothing at th e beginning of a sentence o r alo n e (to answe r a q uestio n): ·Un M m • T h e ho use is empty. Nobody lives ‘ A there. (not Anybo dy lives there) h [ ” “ N l “ Wh o did yo u sp eak to ?" “ No one."
”
U N I T
Exercises 79.1
Write these sentences again with nobody I no one or nothing.
There's nothing in the bag
1. There isn ’ t anything in th e bag . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
There isn ’ t anybody in th e o ffi ce. 1 don ’ t have anything to do. There isn ’ t anything o n T V. There was n ’ t anyone at ho m e. W e didn ’ t find anything.
There ’s 1
79.2 Write these sentences again with anybody/anyone or anything. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
There ’s nothin g in th e bag. T here was nob o dy on th e bus. 1 have nothing to read 1 have no one to h elp l11 e She heard nothin g ‘ W e have nothing for dinn e r.
T,here
isn ’'t anythin C/ in the ba C/
There wasn ’t
79.3 Answer these questions with nobody / no one or nothing. la 2a. 3a. 4a.
낸1 hat did yo u say? Nothing. Wh o saw yo u? Nobodν
Wh at do yo u want? Wh o did yo u l11 ee t ?
5a . 6a. 7a . 8a.
Wh o kn ows the answer? Wh at did yo u buy? What h ap p ened ? Wh o wa s late?
Now answer the same questions with f비 I sentences. Use nobody / no one / nothing or anybody/anyone/anything: 1b. 2b.
I didn't sav anvthina Nobodv saw me.
3b. 1 do n ’t 4b. 1 5b. 6b. 7b. 8b.
the answer
79.4 Complete the sentences. Use: nobody I no one I nothing 1.
2. 3‘ 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12 . 13. 14.
or anybodylanyonelanything That hou se is empty. NobodY lives there. Jac k has a bad m emor y. H e 띠 따 rem emb er a따따!!ß • Be guiet l Don ’t say [didn ’ t know about th e l11 ee tin g . told 111 e . [ was n ’t hung Iy.” “ W hat did yo u ha ve to ea t? " [didn ’ t ea t . 1 wasn ’ t hungr y. H elen was sittin g alo ne. She wasn ’ t w ith 1’ 111 SOrry, I can ’ t h elp yo u. There ’s [ ca n do. abo ut car engines. 1 do n ’ t know The 111useum is free. It doesn ’ t cos t to go 111. [h ea rd a kno ck at the doo r , but when 1 opened it , there was Antonio spoke very fas t. 1 didn ’t und erstand . l / l1y? ” “ What are yo u d o ing tonighe" “ H elen is out of town. knows where she is. She didn ’ t te Il where she was going
th ere.
159
somebody/anything/nowhere, etc. 7 7 7 ·뱀
뼈
야
때 뼈
’n
-m
___
.",.
~
"_•....,
••
'::;'~-"--".""-
"'"'.
--=~=.;..-":，，，
•
Tom lives somewhere n ear C hicago.
;
People (-body or - one) somebody or someone anybody nobody
0 1' 0 1'
anyone
no one
• • • •
T h ere is somebody (or someone) at the doo r. Is there anybody (or anyone) at the doo r? There isn ’t anybody (or anyone) at the doo r. There is nobody (o r no one) at the door.
- body and '::~;;-~ ;~~ th e~; 11î~ :~~~~b~dY~~l11 eon~ ， n()body
= n~~I"l~ ， e tc. 1
T hings (-thing) something
I
anything
’ •
nothing
• • • l
Lucy sa id something , but 1 didn ’ t understand w hat sh e said. Are yo u doing anything this weekend ? 1 was angr y, but 1 didn ’ t say anything . “ What did you say?" “ Nothing."
Places (-where) somewhere anywhere nowhere
• • • •
7
somewhere = in/ to a place , but we don ’t know where
something = a thing , but w e don ’ t kn ow what
somebody / someone = a person , but we don ’ t know who ~，_~~O_.~~ ~~.
\니 〔
Somebody (or Someone) has bro ken the w indow.
L M
?
Ruth ’s parents live somewhere in So uthern C alifornia D id yo u go anywhere interesting o n vaca tion? 1’ m staying h ere. 1’ m not going anywhere. 1 do n ’ t like this tow n. T here is nowhere to go.
something / anybody , etc. + adjective (big/ cheap / interesting , etc.) • Did yo u m ee t anybody interesting at the party? • We always go to the sa m e pla ce. Let ’s go somewhere different. • “ What ’s in that letter?" “ It’s nothing important." something / anybody , etc. + to ... • 1’ m hungry. 1 want something to eat. (= so m ething that 1 can ea t) • Tony doesn ’ t have anybody to talk to. (= anybody that h e can talk to) • There is nowhere to go in thi s town . (= nowhere where people ca n go)
some and any • Unit 77 any and n 。 • Unit 78 anybody/nothing , et c. • Unit 79 everything/-body/-where • Unit 81
U N I T
Exercises Write somebody (or someone) I something I somewhere.
80.1
1 2
3 4
Lu cy sa id [ lost
5omethina
재lhat
did she say? What did yO L1 lose? Where did they gO? Who are yO L1 going to ca ll?
S L1 e and Tom went I ’ 111 going to ca Jl
80.2 Write nobody (or no one) / nothing I nowhere. --? a
a
“/ 1) 껴
a
끼--
a
What did you say? Where are yO L1 going? 찌That do you want?
마약띠{L
Who are you looking for?
Now answer the same questions with full sentences. Use not + anybodylanythinglanywhere.
I didn't sav anvthina
1b.
3b.
2b. 1’ ITl not
4b
80.3 Write somebody/anything/nowhere , et c. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12. 13. 14. 15.
It ’s dark. 1 ca n ’ t see anvthina TO I11 lives 5omewhere , n ear San Francisco 00 yo u know abo L1 t co mp L1 ters? " “ Liste n! " “ What? [ ca n ’ t hear " “ What are yO L1 doing here?" “ l ’ 111 wai ting for W e need to talk. There ’s 1 want to te Jl yo u “ O id see the accident t " “ No , W e weren ’ t hungry, so we didn ’ t eat knows ,, “ What ’s going to happe n?" “ 1 don ’t kno w. “ 00 yO L1 know in Tokyo?' ’ “ Yes , a few people." . [t ’s e n1pty. ” “ What ’s in that sL1 itcase?" 1’ m looking for m y glasses. 1 can't find them 1 don ’ t like cold weathe r. [ want to live warm inte resting on television toni ght? Is th ere famo L1 s t Have yO L1 ever m et
"
80.4 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes. sO ll1 ething sO ll1 ething sO ll1 ewhere 1. 2. 3. 4 5 6.
anything anywhere
nothing
do park
drink read
eat Slt
용ø
stay
nowhere
W e don ’ t go OL1 t ve ry ll1L1 ch b eca L1 se th e rεs nowhere to go There isn ’ t any food in the hO L1 se. We don ’ t have 1’ m bored . 1 have ” “ Why are yO L1 standing?" “ Beca L1 se there isn ’ t )" “ Yes , pl ease - a glass of wate r." “ αlo L1 ld yO L1 like Ifyo L1 ’ re going downtown , take the bus. Oon ’ t drive beca us e there ’s
7. 1 want 8. 1 ne ed
. 1’ll1 go ing to buy a l11 agazine. in Seo L11. Can you reco l11ll1 end a h ote l?
161
every and all Every
Every house on the street is the sam e. every house on th e street = all the houses on the street
We use every + s i ηIg ular noun (every house / every country , et c.) • Sarah has b een to every country in Europe • Every summer we take a vaca tio n at the b each. • Sh e looks different every time 1 see h er U se a síngular verb after every . .. • Every house on the street is the same. (not are th e sam e) • Every country has a natio nal f1 ag. (not have) Co mpare every and all •
Every student in the class passed th e exam. Every country has a national f1 ag.
•
All the students in th e class passed the exam. All countries have a nation al f1 ag.
• •
Every day and all day n
L
s
all day = the complete day :
야
HUA
때
씨
% =
nν
V/
」u
e m
… w
m?
t
t
m Lm
뱅때
t
h
를
t
•
O
%갱
’b
H ow
10 ηIg?
end of the day ALL DAY
EVERY DAY •
•
It rained every day last week. Bill wa tches TV fo r abo ut two h o urs
• •
every night. (= o n a11 ni ghts)
also every morning/ week/ summer , etc.
It rained all day yesterday. O n M onday, 1 wa tched T V all night. (= the w hole night)
also a11 morning/ week/ summer , etc.
Everybody (or everyone) / everything / everywhere everybody or everyone
•
ψ eop le)
everything
•
(thil밍에
everywhere ψ laces)
•
Everybody (or Everyone) nee ds friends. (= all p eopl e n ee d fri ends) D o yo u h ave everything yo u n ee d? (= all the things yo u need) 1 lost my wa tch. 1’ ve loo ked everywhere fo r i t. (= 1’ ve looked in all places)
Use a síngular verb after everybody / everyone / everything: • Everybody has problems. (not Eve rybody have)
려|
•
Unit 82
-
U N I T
Exercises ,U n A
V
V u / A
1.
.
room
Every student
빠
81.1 Complete the sentences. Use every + these words:
word
in the class passe d the exam.
2. M y j ob is very borin g. is th e sa ll1 e. 3. Kate is a very good chess pl aye r.Wh en we play, sh e wins 4‘ in th e hotel has a TV 5. “ D id yo u understand what she sa id?" “ Most o f it , bu t n ot
•
"
81.2 Complete the sentences with every day or all day. Yes terd ay it rained a샌~ , but so m etimes 1 don ’ t read it J buy a newspap er J’ m not going out to ll1 orrow. J' ll be at home I usually drink about four cups of co ffee 5. Paula was sick yesterday, so she staye d in bed 6. 1’ m tired now be ca use 1’ ve bee n working hard 7. Last year we went to the beac h for a weεk ， and it rain ed
1. 2. 3. 4.
81.3 Write every or all. 1. Bill watches TV for abo ut two ho urs
every
ni ght.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Juli a gets up at 6:30 morning. afternoon. The weather W3S nice yes terd ay, so wε sat outside week. J’ m leav ing town on M o nday. 1’ II be away yea r. Usually in March." “ H ow often do you go s kiin 낳” A : Were you at home at 10 yes terday? morning.I 、Nent o ut after lunch B: Yes , I was at home 7. M y sister loves n ew ca rs. She bu ys o ne yea r ni gh t. 8. 1 saw Sam at the p arty, but he didn ’t spea k to m e sUll1ll1 er 9 ‘ We take a vaca tion for two o r three weeks
81.4 Write everybodyleverythingleverywhere. n m
- V/
마 찌
m
” 따
o n ’ h ·rQ
뼈
2 . C hris knows ”” m Y rlr l 3. I like th e people here. 4. This is a nice hote l. It ’s cO ll1 fo rtable, and 5 Kev in never uses hi s ca r. H e goes is hung ry. 6. Let ’s have dinne r. 7 . Sue ’s h o use is full of books. There are books yo u say I S tru e 8 Yo u are ri ght
뼈
0
없
nee ds fri e nds
따
EvervbodY
매
1.
; n c
81.5 Complete the sentences. Use one word only each time. Everybody h쁘_ problems Are yo u rea dy ye t? Everybody waiting for yo u The hous e is empty. Eve ryo n e go ne o ut. Ga ry is very popula r. Everybody him. s. This town is co mpletely diffe rent now. Everything changed. 6. 1 got home very late last ni ght. 1 ca ll1 e in qui etly beca use eve ryo ne asleep. 7. Everybody ll1 istakes l 8 . A: eve rything clear? eve rybo dy know wh 따 to do' B: Yes , we all understa nd .
1. 2. 3. 4.
’
163
all
most
any no/none
some
Co mpare : the children / the m o n ey / these books, etc: • Where are the children? (= our children) • [want to b l1 y a car , b l1 t 1 do n ’t have the money. (= the m o n ey for a car) • H ave yO l1 read these books ? • 1 o ften go Ol1 t with my friends
children/ money/ books , etc. (in general): • Children like to play. (= children in ge n eral) • Money isn ’t everything . (= money in ge n eral) • 1 enjoy rea ding books. • Everybody n eeds friends.
Most / most of ... , some / some of ... , etc '-.,
1
• all
most
most/ some , et c. + noun all most some any no • • • • •
•
융ε
some
all
•
cltles children books money
most some any none
Do not l1 se of in these se ntences • Most people drive too fa st. (not Most of p eopl e) • Some birds ca n ’ t fl y. (not Some o f birds)
/L
any
most of/ some
Most children like to pla y. (= children in gen eral) [don ’ t want any money. Some books are better than others He has no friends. All cities have th e sa m e problems. (= citi es in ge neral)
•
• • • •
(of)
of
0ε
---
- - - -
no / none / not
+ any
etc. + the / this / my , . . . etc.
the . this / that these / those ... my / your ... , et c.
Most of the children at this school are l1 nder 11 years old . 1 don ’t want any of this money. Some of these books are very old None of my friends live n ear m e.
YOl1 can say all the ... or all of the ... (with or witho l1 t of) • All the students in our class passed the exam. (or All of the students ... ) • Silvia has lived in Mi ami all her life. (or . .. all of her life .)
All of it / most of them / none of us , et c. all most some any none
of
• lt them us you
• • • • •
YOl1 can have some of this cake , b l1 t n o t all of it. A: D o yOl1 know th ose p eople? B: Most of them , b l1 t no t all of them. Some of us are going Ol1 t to night. Why don ’ t yO l1 co m e with l1 s? 1’ ve go t a lo t of boo ks, b l1 t 1 have n ’ t rea d any of them “ H ow m any of th ese boo ks have yo u rea d?" “ None of them."
the ... (children / the children , et c.) • Unit 73 some and any • Unit 77 no/none/any • Unit 78 all and every • Unit 81
U N I T
Exercises 82.1
Complete the sentences. Use the word in parentheses (some/most , et c.). Sometimes you need of (some of / most of, et c.). 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
M으효t
children like to play. (most) 흐쁘f....21 this mo 뼈 is yours. (some) people never stop talking. (some) the stores downtown close at 6:00. (l11 ost) You can change money in banks. (l11 ost) the pictures in the living room. (any) 1 don ’ t Ji kε He ’s lost his 1110ney. (a Jl) my friends arε married. (none) Do you know the people in this picture? (any) birds can fly. (most) the movie , but 1 didn ’ t like the ending. (l11 ost) 1 enjoyed sports are very dangerous. (some) We can ’ t fìnd anywhere to stay. the hotels are ful l. (a 1l) Try this cheese. lt ’s delicious. (some) The weather was bad when we were on vacation. lt rained
the
timε.
(most)
82.2 look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use:
alll most I some I none
+
of them I of it 3.
2.
4
6.
훌i
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
How How How How How How
many many many many l11 any much
of the of the of the of the of the of the
people are women? boxes arε on thε table? men are wearing hats? windows are open? people are standing? money is Ben ’s?
It ’s all mlne
M뜨브tl샌m.
82.3 Are these sentences OK? Correct the sentences that are wrong. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 9. 10.
(써 ost of childl꾀 like to play. A1I the students fa i! ed the tεst. Some of people work too hard Some of questions on the exa l11 were very easy 1 havεn ’t sεen any of those people before. A l1 of insects have six legs. Have you read all these books? κ10st of students in our class are very nice. Most of l11y friends are going to the party. 1’ 111 very tired this 1110rning - 1 was awake most of nigh t.
Most 래빠en OK
165
both
either
neither
We use bothl either/ neither to talk about two things or people:
+
or
•
•
both
neither (not + either)
either
Rebecca has two children. Both are married. (both = the two children) Would you like tea or coffee?You can have either. (either = tea or coffee) A: Do you want to go to the movies or the theater? B: Neither.I want to stay home. (neither = not the movies or the theater)
• • •
Compare either and neither:
•
“ Would you like tea or coffee?"
Both I either I neither both either neither • • •
+ plμ ral
+
no μn
both either neither
+ singular
“ Either. It does 따 matte r." (= tea or coffee) “ 1 don ’ t want either." (η ot 1 don ’ t want neither) “ N either." (= not tea or coffee)
windows / books l children , etc. window I bookl child , et c.
Last year 1 went to Miami and Seattle. 1 liked both cities very much. First 1 worked in an offìce and later in a store. Neither job was very interesting. There are two ways to get to the airport.You can go either way.
Both of ... I either of ... I neither of both either neither
(of) of
the ... these / those ... my/ your / Paul ’ s ... , etc.
I like both of
‘
i
tI聊〔tu rs」 ) ‘
li " ‘
‘-
h
• •
Neither of my parents is Canadian. 1 haven ’ t read either of these books
’
c
n
-
‘
i
both either neither • • • I can ’ t
of
them us you
Paul has got two sisters. Both of them are married. Sue and 1 didn ’t eat anything. Neither of us was hungr y. Who are those two people? 1 don ’ t know either of them either / neither can I • Unit 43
- ι
,....:..... -'1
I-"~
You can say both of the / those / my ... or both the / those / my ... (with or without of): • 1 like both of those pictures. or 1 like both those pictures. • Both of Paul ’s sisters are married. or Both Paul ’s sisters are married bμ t Neither of Paul ’s sisters is married. (not N either Paul ’s sis ters) Both of them I neither of us
<
’
..
U N I T
Exercises 83.1 Write bothleither/neither. Use of where necessary. 1. Last year 1 went to Mia l11 i and Seattle. 1 liked b약h cities very l11 uch 2. There were two pictures on the wal l. 1 didn ’t like e빽약뿌 the l11 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9 1O. 11 12. 13. 14.
It was a good footba l! ga l11 e. tea l11 S played we l! It wasn ’ t a good footba l! game. team played well “ Is your friend Canadian or American?" “ . She ’s Australian." We went away for two days , but the weather was bad. It rained days. A: 1 bought two newspapers. 찌Thich one do you want? B’ It doesn ’ t matter which one them came. 1 invited Oonna and Mike to the party, but 1 always walk." “ 00 you go to work by car or by bus?" thelTI." “ Which jacket do you prefer , this one or that one?" “ 1 don ’ t like 1 work , and 1’ m a student , too ” “ 00 you work , or are you a student?" Paula and 1 didn ’t know the time because us had a watch. Helen has two sisters and a brothe r. sisters are married. Helen has two sisters and a brothe r. 1 know her brother, but 1 haven ’ t met her sisters.
83.2 Complete the sentences for the pictures. Use 80th . .. and Neither .. 2
3.
4
5.
6 ANSWER
7+8=13 7+8=16
80th cup s are 2
3
empty are open. wearing a ha t.
4.
5. 6.
beards. to the airport. right.
83.3 A man and a woman answered some questions. Their answers were the same. Write sentences with 80th/Neither of them .
1 2 3 4 5. 6. 7.
Are you married? How old are you? Arε you a student? 00 you have a car? Where do you live? 00 you like to cook? Can you play the plano? 8. 00 you read the newspaper? 9 Are you interestεd in sports?
No 21 Yes No Boston Yes No
No 21 Yes No Boston Yes No
Yes
Yes
No
No
2 3 4 5 6 7
f\Jelther of them ls rmrrledBoth ot thern are 21 students. a ca r.
167
a lot much
many
a lot of money
not much money
We use much + uncountable no un (much food / much money , et c.): • D id yo u buy much food ? • We do n ’t have much luggage. • H ow much money do yo u want? • A: Do yo u have any money ? B: 1 have some , but not much .
R
.u a
1ll
야
· ’‘ I
l
띠
i
m f (m
뺑
l
m
뼈
m M
원빠빠
We use a lot of + both types oJ noun: • We bo ught a lot of food. • Paula doesn ’ t h ave a lot of free time.
m
w // ‘
a lot of books
not many books
We use many + plural nou η (many books / many people , etc.): • D id yo u b uy many books ? • We don ’t know many people . • H ow many photos did yo u take? • A: Did yo u take any photos ? B : 1 took so m e, but not many . • •
We bou ght a lot of books. D id th ey ask a lot of questions ?
•
T h ere are a lot of trees / shops / people . .. (plu ral verb) A lo t of people speak En glish (not speaks)
•
We use much in questions and negative sen tences: • Do yo u drink much coffee ? • 1 do n ’t drink much coffee B ut we do n ot often use much in positive s eη tences : • I drink a lot of coffee. (not I drink m u ch coffee) l “ Do yo u dr ink m uch coffee?" “ Yes , a lot." (not Y es , m u ch) We use many an d a lot of in all typ es of sentences (p ositive/ n egative / qu estion): • We have many friends / a lot of 산 ie n ds. • We do n ’t have many fri ends / a lot of frien ds . • Do yo u h ave many 상 i e nds / a lot of fri ends? Yo u can use much and a lot w ithout a n oun : • Donna sp oke to me , but sh e didn ’t say much l “ Do you watch TV much?" “ No , not much." (= not often) • We like m ovies , so we go to the movies a lot. (not go to th e m ovies m u ch) • 1 don ’t like him very much .
counta ble/u ncountable •
Units 68-69
U N I T
Exercises 84.1 Write much or many. D id yo u bu y _쁘딱h foo d? ho tels in this tow n. Th ere aren ’t gas . We nee d to stop and ge t so m e. We don ’t have peo pl e on th e train? Were there stud ents fa il th e exa m ? Did mo ney. 6 ’ Paula do esn ’ t have 7. [ wasn ’t hungry, so r di dn ’t ea t 8 [ don ’t know w h ere Ga ry li ves these days . r have n ’t see n him fo r 1. 2. 3. 4. S.
yea rs.
Write How much or How many. 9. 10. 11. 12.
peo pl e are co ming to th e pa rt y? l11 ilk sh ould [ ge t at t he sto re? brea d did yo u bu y? players are there on a foo tball tea m ?
84.2 Complete the sentences. Use much or many with these words: hoo l{~
1.
2. 3. 4. 5 6.
countries
luggage
people
tlme
1 do n ’ t rea d ve ry mu ch . [ do n ’ t have rnanv books Hurry up! 낸!e do n ’ t have Do yo u travε 1 a lo t? H ave yo u bee n to T ina hasn ’ t li ve d here very lo ng , so sh e doesn ’ t know “ Do yo u have ?" [know Tokyo very well. r’ ve bee n there
t1 mes
• >
“ N 0 , only this bag."
84.3 Complete the sentences. Use a lot of + these words: accidents 1. 2. 3. 4. S.
hoo l“
fun
interesting things
traffic
[like rea ding. 1 have a /ot of books We enjoyed our visit to th e mu se um. We saw T his road is very dangero us. T here are We enj oye d o ur vaca ti o n.We had [t too k m e a lo ng tim e to dri ve here. There was
84.4 [n some of these sentences much is not natura l. Change the sentences or write OK. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5‘ 6. 7.
Do yo u drink mu ch co ffee? [drink l11 u ch tea. [t was a cold w inte r. We had mu ch snow. T h ere wasn ’ t mu ch snow last w inte r. lt cos ts mu ch m on eY to travel aro und the wo rld. T his pen was ch ea p. lt didn ’ t cost 띤브 c h . Do you know 핀브다1 abo ut co mputers?
OK a 피입f tea
84.5 Write sentences about these people. Use much and a lot. 1. Jil11 loves movies . (go to the m ov ies) He aoes to the movies α /ot 2. Ni cole thinks T V is bo rin g. (wa tch TV) 5he doesn't watch 7v much 3. 4. S. 6.
T ina is a good tenni s pl aye r. (play tenni s) M artin do esn ’ t like to dri ve . (use hi s car) Paul spends mo st of the tim e at hom e. (go out) Su e has bee n a11 ove r the wo rld . (travel)
She He
169
(a) little
(a) few
(a) little
+ uncountable η oun:
(a) few
+ plu ral nouη:
(a) (a) (a) (a)
water time money soup
(a) (a) (a) (a)
books questions people days
little little little little
few few few few
a little water
= som e but
a little • •
•
a few books
no t mu ch
a few
Sh e didn ’t eat anything , but sh e drank a little water. 1 speak a little Spanish . (= some Spanish but no t much) A: Can you speak Spanish? B: A little .
• • • •
= some but n ot many
Exc use m e, 1 have to make a few phone calls. We ’re going away fo r a few days. 1 speak a few words of Spanish. A: Do you h ave any stamps? B: Yes , a few . Do you wan t one?
X few (ψithout a) = almost no
X빠 liitt이Iμe 따 (u ψ4ν 씨/
nothing •
T h ere was little food in th e fr idge. It was almost empty.
•
There were few people in the th eate r. It was almost emp ty.
You can say very few : • Your E n glish is very good.Yo u make very few mistakes .
little an d a little
few and a few
A little is a positive idea: • T h ey h ave a little money, so th ey ’re not poo r. (= they have some money)
A few is a positive idea: • 1 have a few fr iends, so 1’ m n ot lonely. (= 1 h ave some fr iends)
Li ttle (or very little) is a η egative idea: • T h ey h ave (very) little mone y. T h ey are very poo r. (= almost no m on ey)
Few (or very few) is a ηegative idea : • 1’ m sad an d 1’ m lonely. 1 have (very) few friends. (= almost no fr iends)
Llt펴 little )
J
GJGJ
cou nta bIe/u nco untabl e • Units 68-69
GJGJ
au
’앤
I have a little , money. ,)
빼니빼
You can say very little • Dan is very thin beca use h e eats very little . (= almost nothing)
W
i J
f \*
GJGJ
‘
I have few
fr iends ‘
.../
GJGJ
x
U N I T
Exercises 85.1 Answer the questions with a little or a few. 1 2. 3. 4. 5 6.
" “ Do you have any mon ey?" “ Yes , _좌파따 " “ Do you have any envelopes?" “ Yes , “ Do you want sugar in yo ur coffee?" “ Yes , “ Did you take any pictures when you were on vacation?" “ Does your friend sp ea k English?" “ Yes , “ Are there any good restaurants in this town?" “ Yes ,
, please ”
"
‘‘ Yes , " ”
85.2 Write a little or a few + these words: chairs
days
fresh air
friends
milk
1. Martin speaks Italian well. He lived in Italy for
ttmes
Russian
-，.e융f'S-
a few.ιears
2. Can 1 have in my coffee , please? ago-” 3 “ When did Julia leave?" “ 4 “ Do you speak any foreign languages?" “ 1 can speak 5 “ Are you going out alone?" “ No , I ’ m going with 6 “ Have you ever been to Mexico?" “ Yes , 7. There wasn ’ t much furniture in the room - just a table and
" "
"
8. 1’ m going out for a walk. 1 need
85.3 Complete the sentences. Use very little or very few + these words: coffee
hotels
people
raln
time
Your English is very good. You make ~영gιfew mistakes 1 drink . 1 don ’ t like it The weather here is very dry in summe r. There is 1t ’s difficult to find a place to stay in this town. There are 5. Hurry up. We ’ ve got 6. The town is very quiet at nigh t. 7. Some people in the office are very lazy. They do
work
1. 2. 3. 4.
•
go out. •
85.4 Write little / a little or few / a few. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
There was I따ι_ food in the fridge. It was almost empty “ When did Sarah go out?" “ l111runes ago-” 1 ca n ’ t decide now. 1 need time to think about it. There was traffic , so we arrived earlier than we expected. The bus service isn ’ t very good at night - there are buses after 9:00. “ Would you like some so up?" “ Yes , , please." They sent us a map , so we had trouble finding their house.
85.5 Right or wrong? Change the sentences where necessary. Write OK if the sentence is correct. 1. We ’ re going away ~한웰 next week 2. Everybody needs littl e luck. 3. 1 can ’ t talk to you now - 1’ ve got few things to do
4. 5. 6. 7.
.fUL깅Jf.ι깅a~
1 eat very little meat - 1 don ’t like it very much Excuse me , can 1 ask you few questions? There were little people 011 the bus - it was almost empty. Martin is a very private perso n. Few people know him well.
171
old/nice/interesting , etc. (adjectives) A djective
+ noun (nice day / blue eyes , etc.) a껴’ectíve
It ’s a nice La u ra has brown T h ere ’s a very old 00 you like ltalian 1 d o n ’ t sp eak any foreign T h ere a rε so m e beautiful yellow
+ noun day to day. eyes. church in thi s town food ? languages . flowers in the ga rden .
The adj ecti ve is b뼈 re th e n o un • T h ey live in a modern house . (not a h o use m o d ern) • H ave yo u m et any famous people ? (not p eopl e famo us) T h e ending o f an adj ec ti ve is always the sa m e: a different pl ace different places (not differents) Be (am / is / was , et c.)
+
a깨‘ ectíve
I'm hungry . • • • • • •
T he wea th er is nice to day. T h ese fl owe rs are ve ry beautifu l. Are yo u cold ? Sh o uld 1 c1 0se the w indow? 1’ m hungry. Ca n 1 have so m ething to ea t? T h e m ovie wasn ’ t very good. It was boring. Please be quiet. 1’ m rea ding.
Look/ fee l/ smell/ taste / sound +
a 껴j ect i ve "-1
It smells good ‘
You sound happy ‘ Ye s, I feel tired
~썼=-"'=없느」
• • •
샤
“ You look tired." “ Yes , 1 feel tired." Gary told m e ab o ut his n ew j o b. It sounds ve ry interesting 1’ m n o t goi n g to eat this fi sh. It doesn ’ t smell good.
Compare : •
IS
He
feels looks
tired.
Th ey
get + adjective (get hungry/tired , et c. ) •
are look sound
•
IS
happy .
smells taste s
Unit 57 something/anybody + adjective •
good
Unit 80
U N I T
Exercises 86.1 Put the words in the right order. 1 2. 3. 4. 5.
ηlev
(new / live in / house / th ey / a) (like / jacket / 1 / that / gree n) (l11 usic / like / do / class ical / yo u?) (had / wo nderful / a / 1 / tr ip) (went to / restaurant / a / j apanese / we)
live in a new house
00
86.2 The words below are adjectives (dark/foreign , etc.) or nouns (air/job , et c.). Use an
뼈
au clouds
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
AU
Ju
뺑샤뼈
adjective and a noun to complete each sentence. 옳R쩔ft
fresh
hot job
knife
long sharp
vaca t1 0n water
> 00 yo u speak any 따땅n la명쁘딴 Look at those _ . [t ’s gomg to ram . Sue works very hard , and she ’s ve ry ti red . She needs a to l11 a ke tea . Yo u need Ca n yo u open the window? 재1e need SO l11 e 1 n eed a to cut these on ions. F irε fi g h t in g is a
86.3 Write sentences for the pictures. Choose from the boxes. look(s) smell(s)
1. ( You
taste(s)
happ￥
+
new
?
You
3
surprised terrible
3
、
4.
빼
feel(s) look(s)
m
’
、、 “
I
一-‘
//
-
6
They
It
86.4 A and B don ’ t agree. Complete B’5 sentences. Use fee l/ look , etc. A
2 3. 4.
5. 6.
You loo k tired. This is a new coa t. I ’ m A l11 erican. You look cold. T h ese bags are heavy. Th at so up loo ks good.
B
I 1 do? [
don't feel tired
It is? It doesn ’t You are? Yo u R eally? 1 T hey are? T h ey M aybe , but it
(feel) (loo k) (soun d) (feel) (l oo k) (tas te)
173
quickly/badly/suddenly, etc. (adverbs) 7: 12
7:10
H e ate his dinner very
7: 15
qui c1이y.
Suddenly , the sh elf fell down.
Quickly and suddenly are adverbs
quick quickly
adverb
%
bad badly
• • • •
11 0ψ
careful carefully
easy • easily
For spelling , see App endix 5 Adverbs tell yo u
Vι
aψectwe
삐
+ -ly • adverb
빼빼
aψec ti ve
som ething h app ens o r
11 0ψ
heavy heavily
etc.
h eavy -• h eavily so m ebo dy does som ething:
The train stopped suddenly. 1 opened the doo r slowly . Please listen carefully. 1 understand yo u perfectly.
It ’s raining heavi1 y. Co mp are: ad ψ ljeκCα 띠 tw
• • • •
adverb • Sue speaks very quietly. (not spea ks ve ry quiet) • Listen carefully! (not listen careful) • O ur tea m played badly. (no t played bad) • 1 waited nervously .
Sue is very quiet Be careful! It was a bad game. 1 fe 1t nervous . (= 1 was nervous) ..'"
-，~
Hard
fast
late
'"-~'"~~~-
- -"---'-'~~~-------，，"，'，-，，，-→…
....
-~._--
early
T h ese wo rds are adj ec tives and adverb s: • • •
Sue ’s j ob is very hard . Ben is a fast runner . T h e bus was late / early .
• • •
Sue works very hard . (not hardly) Ben can run fast. 1 went to bed late / early. ò'.z- ~' -. - ，，~‘:
Good • •
μ dject i ve)
•
:→""-~"""
well (a dverb)
Your E nglish is ve ry good . It was a good game .
• •
Yo u speak English very well. (not very goo d) O ur team played well.
But well is also an a 에’ ect i ve (= n ot sick , in goo d h ealth): • “ How are you ?" “ I ’ m very well , thank yo u. And yo u?" adjectives • Unit 86
•
ι 3
U N I T
Exercises
1
87.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with these adverbs: a n g rily
badly
dangerously
판%￥삼γ
fa st
quietly 「
4
3.
-
...-
4. She sh o uted at m e 5. She ca n run very 6. H e was dri ving
1. 1t ’s rammg
•
87.2 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes. corne explain 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
know 깊앞 en
sleep think
、1V 1n
work
+
빼 빼
야쁘& 2. H e sings very 3. T h ey ca m e in
6.
3
clearly easily
hard quickly
well well
1’ 111 go ing to tell yo u so m ething very imp o rtant , so pl ease /,Isten car，eft꾀& T h ey . At th e end of th e day they ’ re always tired las t nigh t. 1’ m ti re d this m o rning. 1 d idn ’t Yo u play chess mu ch better than m e. When we play, yo u always befo re you answe r th e qu estio n . [ ’ ve m et Ali ce a few times , but 1 d on ’ t her ver y . 매1e neve r O ur teach er doesn ’t thin gs ver y und erstand him H elen l 1 n eed yo ur help.
87.3 Which is righ t? 1. Do n ’t ea t so 녕버f논/ q ui ckl v. It ’s no t goo d fo r yo u. (q 띠ck l y is right)
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1.
Why are yo u angrv / angriJ v? 1 didn ’ t do any thing. Ca n yo u sp ea k slow / sJowJy , please ? Co m e o n , Dave ! Why are yo u always so slow / slow lv? B ill is a very careful / ca re fu JJ v drive r J an e is studying hard / hardlv fo r her exam s. “ Wh ere ’s Diane?" “ Sh e was here , b ut sh e left sudd en / sudd enlv ” Pl ease be qui et / qui etl v. 1’ m studying. So m e comp ani es pay th eir wo rkers ve ry bad / badl v. T hose o ranges loo k ni ce / ni celv. Ca n 1 have o ne? 1 do n ’ t rem emb er mu ch abo ut the acc id ent. Eve rything happ ened 9uick / q ui ckl v.
87.4 Write good or well. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Yo ur E ngli sh is very _양으ι_ .Yo u speak it very w센 Jac ki e did very o n th e quiz to day T h e party w as ve ry . 1 enj oye d it a lo t. M artin has a diffi cult j ob , but he does it ? H ow are your parents? Are th ey vaca tio n ? W as th e wea th er D id yo u have a
>
175
old/older
expensive / more expensive
I'm 92.
$'7응
I'm 93 ‘
older
h eavy
heavier
expen Slve
Older 1 heavier 1 more expensive are comparative for l11 s T h e comp arative is -er (older) o r more ... (more expensive) Older I heavier , etc. Sh o rt words (1 syllabl e) -• -er: old • older slow • slower m ce -+ nlcer late • later For sp elling , see App endix 5.
big -• bigger
Words endin g in -y • -ier: easy • easler h eavy • heavier
ch ea p • cheaper big • bigger h o t • h o tter
thin • thinner
ea r1 y • earlier
R Ol11 e is old , but A th ens is older. (not more old) 1s it cheaper to go by ca r o r by train ? (not l11 0 re cheap) H elen wa nts a bigger ca r. T his coa t is OK , bu t I think the oth er one is nicer . Don ’t take th e bus. 1t ’s easier to take a tax i. (nof more easy)
• • • • •
Far • farther : • “ H ow far is it to th e sta tio n ? A mile?"
“ No , it ’s farther. Ab o ut two
l11 iles ."
More. Lo ng words (2 /3 14 syllables) • rnore .. . : ca reful • more careful p olite -• more polite exp enslve • more expenslve 1l1 te res tI ng • more interesting • • •
Yo u sh o uld be more careful I do n ’ t like l11y j ob. 1 wa n t to do s0 l11 ethi ng more interesting. Is it more expensive to go by car or by trai n ?
Good/well • better • l
•
。 Ider
bad • worse
T h e wea ther wasn ’t very good yesterday, but it ’s better today. “ D o yo u feel better today?" “ No , I fee l worse ." W hi ch is worse - a headach e or a toothac he?
than . . . / more expensive than • Unit 89 the oldest / the most expensive • Unit 91
R
e
뼈
old
m
‘
e m.
M
U N I T
Exercises 88.1
Look at the pictures and write the comparative
(older / more interesting, etc.).
2. bi g
1. heavy
3. slow
turtle
heavier 4. exp ensive
5. hi gh
6. dangero us
4, 000
111
/
5,000
/1'1
f깃
.-/ ;"
‘、 /
88.2 Write the comparative. 2 3 4
5
o ld strong happy mod ern lmp o rtant
o/der
6
good 7 large 8 se n o us 9 pretty 10. crow d ed
88.3 Write the opposite. o/der younge r
4
cold er ch ea per
5 6
2‘
3
bett er n ea rer eas ler
88.4 Complete the sentences. Use a comparative. 1. H elen ’s ca r Isn ’ t ve ry big. She wa nts a
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
11. 12 .
13.
14. 15. 16.
,
b [}[}er
o ne. M y j o b isn ’ t ve r y interestin g. [ wa n t to do so m ethin g m ore mterestm[} Yo u ’ re not ve ry tall. Yo ur b ro th er is Oavid does n ’t wo rk very hard . [ wo rk M y chair isn ’ t ve ry comfo rtable.Yo urs is • Yo ur id ea isn ’ t very goo d . M y id ea is These f1 。、Ne r s aren ’ t ve ry n ice. Th e blu e o nes are M y suitcase isn ’ t ve ry heav y. Yo ur suitcase is [’ m n o t ver y interested in art. 1’ m in hi sto ry [t isn ’ t ve ry wa rm today. 1t was yeste rday These to mato es do n ’ t tas te ve ry good. Th e o th er o n es tas ted Peru isn ’t ve ry bi g. Brazil is Los An geles isn ’ t ve ry bea utifu l. Sa n Francisco is o ne ;l This knife isn ’ t very sharp. 00 yo u have a Peopl e to day aren ’t very po lite. [n th e pas t th ey were Th e wea ther isn ’t too bad to day. üften it is mu ch
177
older than ... |’ m taller
more expensive than ...
than you
• ’•,. x
Hotel Prices ......... .. ‘ ”
’ . . ... . . .. . .. . . .. . ..... .. ...... ‘ .... . ..... . .. . .... . ....... .. ..... . .....
Capitol Hotel
$350
Grand Hotel
$130 $175
Western Hotel Sh e ’s taller than him.
“ ’ .. . . . .. . •
T h e Capitol H otel is more expensive than th e Grand H o te 1.
We use than after comparatives (older than ... / more expensive than ... , etc.): • Athens is older than Rome. • Are oranges more expensive than bananas? • It ’s easier to take a taxi than to take the bus. • “ How are you today?" “ Not bad. Better than yesterda y." • T he restaurant is more crowded than usua1. We usually say: than me / than him / than her / than us / than them. You can say • 1 can run faster than him. or 1 can run faster than he can. • You are a better singer than me . or You are a better singer than 1 am. • 1 go t up earli er than her. or 1 got up earlier than she did More / less than
• • • •
60
A: How much did your shoes cost? Fifty dollars? B ’ No , more than that. (= more than $50) The movie was very short - less than an hour They ’ ve got more money than they need. You go out more than me.
MORETHAN 50
50
40
LESSTHAN 50
A little older / much older , et c.
Box A is a little bigger than Box B.
a little much
bigger older better more diffìc ult more expe nslve
• • th an .. .
old • older, expensive • more expensive •
• •
Box C is much bigger than Box D. Canada is much bigger than France. Sue is a little older than Gary - she ’s 25 and he ’s 24. The h otel was much more expensive than 1 expected. You go out much more than me.
Unit 88 not as ... as •
Unit 90
U N I T
Exercises 89.1
Write sentences about Li z and Ben. Use
than.
Li z
Ben
/Z 1. I ’ m 26.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7
8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
2 3 4 5 6
2 3 4 5 6
I ’ m not a very good swimme r. I ’ m 5 feet 10 inches tal l. 1 start work at 8:00. 1 don ’ t work very hard. 1 don ’ t have much money I ’ m a very good drive r. I ’ m not very patlent. I ’ m not a very good dance r. 1’ m very intelligent 1 speak Spanish very well. 1 don ’ t go to the movies very much.
Liz is older than Ben fS a better swimmer thαn Uz Ben Liz is Liz starts Ben Ben has
than. tα Iler than
7
8. 9 10. 1 1. 12.
I ’ m 24. I ’ m a very good swimme r. I ’ m 5 feet 8 inches tall 1 start work at 8:30 1 work very hard 1 have a lot of money I ’ m not a very good driver I ’ m very patlen t. I ’ m a good danc er 1’ m not very intelligent. 1 don ’t speak Spanish very well 1 go to the movies a lot
7. Liz is a
Ben
8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12.
Ben Ben Liz Liz Ben
89.2 Complete the sentences. Use 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1.
hirη He isn ’ t very tal l. You're She isn ’t vεry old. You ’ re 1 don ’ t work very hard. You work He doesn ’t watch TV very much. You I ’ m not a very good cook. You We don ’ t know many people. You They don ’ t have much money. You 1 can ’ t run very fas t. You can She hasn ’t been here very long. You They didn ’ t get up very earl y. You He wasn ’ t very surprised. You
89.3 Complete the sentences with
OR
taller than he is • • • •
a little or much + comparative (older/better, et c.).
1. Emma is 18 months old. Gary is 16 months old Emma f5 a /f ttle older thα n Garv
2. Jack ’s mother is 52. His father is 69. Jack ’s mother 3. My camera cos t $100.Yours cost $96. My camera 4. Yesterday 1 felt terrible. Today 1 feel OK 1 feel 5. Today the temperature is 12 degrees Celsius. Yesterday it was 10 degrees Celsius. 6. Sarah is an excellent volleyball playe r. 1’ m not very good Sarah 179
not as ... as N ot as ... as |’ m 93
|’ m 96
She ’s old , but she ’s not as old as he is • • • •
BoxA isn ’t as hig as Box B.
RO l11e is not as old as Athe ns. (= Athens is old er) The G rand H o tel isn ’ t as expensive as th e W estern. (= the Western is more expensive) I do n ’ t play soccer as often as yo u. (= yo u pl ay more often) The wea ther is be tter than it was yes te rday. It isn't as cold. (= as cold as it was yesterday)
N ot as much as ... / not as many as • I don ’t have as much money as yo u . (= yo u have more money) • 1 do n ’ t know as many people as yo u. (= yo u know more people) • I don ’ t go o ut as much as yo u. (= yo u go o ut more) Co mp are not as ... as and than: • • •
R o m e is not as old as Athens . Athens is older than R o m e. (110t old er as R Ol11 e) Tenni s isn ’ t as popular as socce r. Soccer is more popular than tennis. [don ’ t go o ut as much as yo u . Yo u go o ut more than m e.
W e usually say: as me / as him / as her , etc Yo u ca n say : • Sh e ’s n o t as old as him. 0 1' Sh e ’s n o t as old as he is. • Yo u do n ’ t wo rk as hard as me. 0 1' Yo u do n ’t wo rk as h ard as 1 do. We say the same as • The wea ther today is the same as yes terday. • M y hair is the same color as yo urs • I arrive d at the same time as Tim.
much/many • Unit 84 older than ... / more expensive than .
•
Unit 89
U N I T
Exercises 90.1
Look at the pictures and write sentences about A, B, and C. 1
2.
3.
A
A
B
B
C 5.
4. |’ m45.
|’ m 50
|’ m 40 ‘
C 6. 1don ’t wor k very hard.
A
A A
1have $5 , 000
2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
A A C A B C
is b,9.E er than C but not as b;9 as B is is is has wo rks
1have $3 ,000
1have $4 ,000
1work very hard
F훨 휠훌 B
1work hard , but not too hard.
c.
B , but not A , but , but
90.2 Write sentences with as ... as .... 2. 3. 4.
5 6.
Ath ens is old er th an R ome. M y roo m is bi gge r th an yours You go t up ea rlier than me We played better th an them I ’ ve bee n here longe r than yo u She ’s more nervo us than him.
R ome ;sn't as old as Athens Your ro om isn ’t 1 didn ’t T hey Yo u He
90.3 Write as or than. Athens is older than R ome 2 1 don ’ t watch TV as mu ch yo u. 111ε 3 Yo u ea t more 4. I ’ m more tired today 1 was yesterday. 1
5. Joe isn ’ t as intelligent 6 Belgium is smaller 7 Brazil isn ’ t as big 8. 1 can ’ t wa lt more
he thinks. S wit ze 미r1 a nd
Ca nada an hou r.
90.4 Complete the sentences about Julia , Andy, and Laura. Use the same age / the same street, etc.
|’ m 22.
|’ m 24.
|’ m 24.
1live on Hil l Street Igotupat7:15 1don ’ t have a car.
1live on Baker Street 1got up at 7:15. My car is dark blue
1live on Hi ll Stree t. 1got up at 7:4 5. 1have a car. It ’5 dark blue.
‘
J u 1ia (age) 2. (s tree t) 3. (time) 4. (color) 1.
Andy
Laura
Andv ;s the same aae as Laura Julia li ves Julia go t up Andy ’s
181
the oldest
the most expensive
~MESTO ‘ .. .. .. .. ‘ .... ... . .... ..••...
‘ . . .. .. .. ‘ ·
‘ .... ... .. . ‘
Best West Motel $135 Sleep Inn $105 Rainbow Motel $95
D Box A is bigger than Box B. Box A is bigger than al1 the other boxes. Box A is the biggest b ox.
.“
..... ..... ’ “ ‘·‘ ... ‘ . ... ‘ ........ .
Oak Tree Motel Cozy Cabins Lake View Inn
Biggest / oldest / most expensive , et c. are 5uperlative forms. ( 이 dest )
or most ... (most expensive).
Sh ort wo rds (old / cheap / nice , etc.) • the -est: ch eap • the cheapest old • the oldest but good • the best bad • the worst For spelling see App endix 5.
big -• the biggest
Words ending in -y (easy / heavy , et c.) • the -iest: heavy • the heaviest easy • the easiest
nI
ce • the nicest
hot • the h ottes t pretty -• the prettiest
Lo ng words (carefu l/ expensive / interesting , et c.) • the most careful • the most careful interesting • the most interesting
We say the oldest ... / the m ost exp ensive ... , etc. (with the): • The church is very old. It ’s the oldest building in the town. (= it is older than all the o ther buildings) • What is the longest river in the world ? • Money is imp ortant , but it isn ’t the most important thing in life. • Excuse m e , where is the nearest bank? Yo u ca n use the oldest / the best / the most expensive , etc. w ithout a no un : • Ken is a goo d player , but h e isn ’t the best on the team . (the best = the b est playe r) You can use 5 “~p e rla ti ve + 1’ ve ever . .. / you ’ ve ever ... , etc.: • The m ovie was very bad. 1 think it ’s the worst m ovie 1’ ve ever seen . • What is the most unusual thing you ’ ve ever done ?
present perfect + ever • Unit 16
미 der
$60 $50
T h e Best West M otel is more expensive than th e Sleep Inn. T h e Best West Motel is more expensive than all the other m o tels in tow n. T h e B est West Motel is the most expensive motel in town.
Bigger / older / more expensive , et c. are compa rative forms (• Unit 88) .
The sup erlative form is -est
$85
/ more expensive • Units 88- 89
Exercises
U N I T
91.1 Write sentences with comparatives (older, etc.) and superlatives (the oldest, et c.). big/ small (A/D) A프2!g양약띠E으 A Is the blaaest (A)
B Is the smallest
(B)
‘
2
A
A
B
B
c
C
D 3.
I
I’ m 23
DI 19.
|’ m
long/ short (C / A) C is (D) D is (B) B is
A
|’ m 21.
l’ m 24.
yo ung/ old (D / C) D
(c)
(B) B
D
4.
expensive/ cheap (D / A )
(c) (A)
B
5
A excεμent B rd bad C gxd bμt. rd D aJ뻐ι
RESTA lÆRANT RESTAlÆRANT RESTA lÆRANT RESTA lÆRANT
wo，뼈erμ
go od/ bad (A / C) (A)
(D)
91.2 Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (the oldest, etc.). This build ing is ve ry old. It ’s the It was a very happy day. l t was 1t ’s a very good movie. lt ’s She ’s a ve ry popular singe r. She ’s It was a ve ry bad mistake. It was 1t ’s a ve ry pretty ci t y. 1t ’s It was a very cold day. It was He ’'s a ve ry borin g person . H e ’s
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
oldest bulldlnq
111
town. of my life 1’ ve ever seen in th e co untry. I ’ ve eve r made I ’ve eve r seen. of the yea r. I ’ ve eve r met .
繼總빼
1.
F
·n
a
피 앙
B
，잉
g캉
E
빼빠’밴
91.3 Write sentences with a superlative (the longest, etc.). Choose from the boxes. e
high large long
elty country mountaln
nver state planet
Africa
South America the world the United States the solar system
5vdnev IS the laraest citv In Australia
2 . Everest
3’ 4‘ 5 6.
183
enough I on ly have two dol lars -
not enough for a taxi.
H e can ’ t rea ch the sh elf H e isn 't tall enough.
Sh e isn ’ t going to take a taxi Sh e doesn ’ t have enough money .
Enough + no un (enough money / enough people , etc.) l “ Is there enough salt in the soup?" “ Yes , it ’s fin e." • We wan ted to play foo tball , but we didn ’ t have enough players • Why do n ’t yo u buy a car? Yo u ’ ve got enough money. (not m oney en ou gh) Enough w itho ut a no un • 1’ ve got so m e m o n ey, but not enough to buy a ca r (= 1 n ee d m o re m o n ey to buy a car) • “ Wo uld yo u like som e m ore to ea t?" “ N o , thanks . 1’ve had enough." • You ’re always at h om e.You do n ’ t go o ut enough.
Adjective + enough (good enough / tall enough , etc.) • “ Do yo u wa nt to go swimming?" “ No , it is따 warm enough ." (not en ough wa rm) • Can yo u hear th e radio? Is it loud enough for yo u ? • Don ’ t buy that coat. It ’'s nice , but it isn ’ t long enough. (= it ’'s too sho rt) Re m emb er : enough
+
no μ n
adjective + enough
but
enough m on ey enough tim e enough p eople 매le
tall enough good enough old enough
say
τnough for so m ebo dy/ so m ething enough to do som ething
V // J
m 염
d
빼
o m
鋼 빼
빽뼈
h (m
tO . . . andfor ... • Unit 55 too • Unit 93
• •
T his swea ter isn ’ t big enough for me . 1 don ’t have enough money for a new car
•
1 don ’t h ave enough money to buy a new ca r. (not for buy) Is yo ur E nglish good enough to have a co nversation ? (not fo r have)
• •
T h ere aren ’ t enough chairs for everybody to sit down
U N I T
Exercises 92.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use enough + these words: chairs
pamt
뺏 oney
wind 3.
2.
I only have $10
4.
1íCI< ETS
-
。。
en o uα h money
1. She doesn ’ t have 2 . There aren ’ t
She doesn ’t have 4. T here isn ’ t
3.
92.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use these adjectives + enough: hig
long
strong
-t하}
2
3.
H e I5n't tall enouah 2. The car 1.
4
3. Hi s legs aren ’t 4. H e
92.3 Complete the sentences. Use enough with these words: hig
eat
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
old
웅와←
practice
space
tnne
tired
enough 5alt
in the so up? " “ Yes , it ’s fìn e." Ca n yo u hear the radio? ls it 1oud enouah for yo u? H e ca n quit sc hool if he wants - he ’s When 1 visited N ew York last year , 1 didn ’t have the things 1 wanted to see This ho use isn ’ t for a large family. T ina is very thin. She doesn ’t M y offìce is very smal l. There isn't 1t ’s late , but 1 don ’ t want to go to bed now. 1’ m no t Lisa isn ’t a very good tennis player because she doesn ’t
1. “ ls th ere
2. 3. 4.
..ffl월tl-
92.4 Comp|ete the 5entence5. Use enough with these words: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
We don ’ t have enouah money to buv T his knife isn ’t T he water wasn't Do we have We played well , but not 1 don ’ t have
a
ne 、v
to see all
•
+ (money I buy)
car tomatoes . swimming. sandwiches? the game. the newspape r.
(s harp I cut) (wa rm I go) (bread I make) (well I win) (time I read)
185
too
yj;I A
The shoes are too hig for him
There is too much sugar in i t.
Too + a ψective / adverb (too hig / too hard , etc.) • Can you turn the radio down? It ’s too loud. (= louder than 1 want) • 1 can't work. 1’ m too tired. • 1 think you work too hard.
It ’ 5 too loud.
Too much / too many = more than you want , more than is good: • 1 don ’t like the weather here. There is too much rain. (= more rain than is good) • Let ’s go to another restaurant. There are too many people here. • Emily studies all the time. 1 think she studies too much. • Traffic is a problem in this town. There are too many cars. Compare too and not enough: • • • •
The hat is too hig for him. The radio is too loud. Can you turn it down , please? There ’s too much sugar in my coffee. (= more sugar than 1 want) 1 don ’ t feel very well. 1 ate too much.
too hig • • • •
The hat isn't hig enough for him. (= it ’s too small) The radio isn ’ t loud enough. Can you turn it up , please? There ’s not enough sugar in my coffee. (= 1 need more sugar) You ’re very thin.You don ’ t eat enough.
not hig enough
We say I
too . . . for somebody/ something
• •
These shoes are too hig for me. It ’s a small house - too small for a large family.
too . . . to do something
• •
1’ m too tired to go out. (not for go out) It ’s too cold to sit outside.
too . . . for somebody to do something
•
She speaks too fast for me to understand.
tO ... andfor ... • Unit 55 much/many • Unit 84 enough • Unit 92
U N I T
Exercises 93.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use too + these words: hig
crowded
fast
3
2
n
low
4.
5.
6.
‘c
맥 뻐
삐삐뼈
F3
”
•
πQ
9ι
6
，
too /oud
i-pι
4 5
야씨 πu 다
1. The music is 2 . The box is 3. The n et is
lou냥
heavy
•
93.2 Write too / too much / too many or enough. 1. Yo u ’re always at home. You don ’t go o ut
e쁘딘뱉
t00 much
2.
1 don ’t like the weather h ere. There ’s
3.
1 ca n 't wait for them. 1 don ’ t have
4.
There was nowhere to sit on the beach. There were p eople Yo u ’ re always tired. 1 think yo u work hard . “ D id yo u have to eat?" “ Yes , thank yo u ." Yo u drink coffee. It ’s not good fo r yo u Yo u don ’t eat vegetables .You should ea t m o re ofthem. 1 don ’t like the weather here. It ’s cold . O ur tea m didn ’t play wel l. We m ad e mistakes. " “ Wo uld yo u like so m e ice in yo ur tea?" “ Yes , but not •
5.
6 7. 8. 9. 10. 11
933 Comp|ete the sentences. Use too 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
。r
ram t1 m e
enough with these words:
1 co uldn ’t work. 1 was too tired Can yo u turn th e radio up , please? It 1.sn't /oud enouøh. 1 do n ’t want to walk ho m e. rt ’s Don ’ t buy anything in that sto re. lt Yo u can't put a11 your things in this bag. It 1 couldn ’t do th e exercise. 1t Your work n eeds to be bette r. 1t 1 can ’ t talk to yo u n ow. 1 1 thought the movie was bo ring . 1t
i
(tired) (l oud) (βr)
. (exp ensive) (bi g) . (d i 태 C 비 t ) (good) . (bu sy) . (l ong)
93.4 Complete the sentences. Use too (+ adjective) + to .... (1’ m not going o ut / co ld) It ’s t00 co/d t12. 90 out 2. (1’ 111 not going to b ed / ea rly) lt ’s They ’re 3. (they ’re not getting m arri ed / young) 4. (n obody goes out at night / dangero us) 1.
5.
(do n ’ t ca11 Su e now / late) •
6. (1 didn ’ t say anything / surpri se d) 1 was
187
He speaks English very wel l. (word order 1) Verb
+ object
Sue
햄브s
subject
verb
a newspaper every day.
object
The verb (reads) and the object (a newspaper) are usually togethe r. We say: •
Sue reads a newspaper every day. (not Sue reads every day a n ewspaper)
Sue verb +
(s u ωect)
a
neψspaper φ ψect)
0ψect
English very wel 1. (not He speaks ve ry well Engli sh) It alian food ve ry much. (no t 1 like ve ry mu ch ... ) television a11 night? (not Did yo u wa tch a11 night ... ) a black hat . (not Paul wea rs often ... ) a lot of people to the party the door slowly. the same mistake ? some money from the bank.
H e speaks 1 like Did yo u watch Paul often wears We invited Iopened W hy do yo u always make I ’ m going to borrow
Where and when
We w6nt Place •
(where 긴
to a pa떠
last프!gh!J
where?
when?
is usua11y before time
(when η.We
say:
We went to a party last night. (no t We went last night to a party) -""
place (1ν here? )
Lisa wa lks Will you b e 1 usua11y go We arrived They ’ ve lived Joe ’s fat h er has been
to at to at in in
+
work home bed the airport the same house the hospital
.....
一!，;;f"_U-~_ _ ::Z:S
t1 me
(when?
ho ψ
long?
every day tonight ? early at 7:00 . for 20 years. since June.
hoψ oJten η
(not ... every day to work) (not ... tonight at home) (not ... early to bed)
word order in questions • Units 45-4 7 always/u5ually/often. et c. • Unit 95
_ %'--=- -< !2Sli!# ~
U N I T
Exercises 94.1
Right or wrong? Correct the sentences that are wrong. 1. Did you watch 하꿇파꿇값펴~ 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
94.2
OK
Put the words in order. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9. 10. 11 12. 94.3
Sue reads a newspap er every da y. 1 like very much this picture. Tom started last week his new job. 1 want to speak English fluentl y. Jane bought for her friend a present. 1 drink every day three cups of coffee Don ’ t eat your dinner too quickly! 1 borrowed from my brother 50 do11ars.
0 Id-vou wαtch te/evision 0// niah t2
(the door / opened / 1 / slowly) (a new computer / 1 / last week / bought) (finished / Paul / qui ckly / his work) (Emily / very we11 / French / doesn ’ t speak) (a lot of shopping / did / I / yesterday) (N ew York / do you know / we ll?) (we / enjoyed / very much / the party) (the problem / carefu11y / 1 / explained) (we / at the airport / some friends / met) (did you buy / in Canada / that jacket?) (every day / do / the same thing / we) (footba11 / don ’ t like / very much / I)
/ ooened the door s/ow/ι
Put the words in order. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8.
(to work / every day / walks / Lisa) L'50 wo/ks to work eVefγ doy (at thε hotε1 / I / early / arrived) 1 (goes / every year / to Puerto Rico / Julia) Julia (we / since 2002 / here / have lived) W e (in Florida / Sue / in 1984 / was born) Sue (didn ’ t go / yesterday / Paul / to work) Paul (to a wedding / last weekend / went / Helen) Helen (I / in bed / this morning / my breakfast / had)
(in September / Barbara / to co11εge / is going) Barbara 10. (1 / a beautiful bird / this morning / in the garden / saw) 9.
(many timεs / have been / my parents / to Tokyo) My 12. (my umbrella / 1 / last night / left / in the restaurant) 11.
13. (to the movies / tomorrow night / are you going?) Are 14. (the children / I / took / this morning / to school)
189
a Iways/usua Ily/often , etc. (word order 2) T hese words (always/ never , et c.) are with the verb in the middle of a sentence: always
often
ever
rarely
also
already
all
usually
sometimes
never
seldom
just
still
both
• • • • l
•
νly
bro ther never speaks to me. Sh e ’ s always late Do yo u often go to resta urants? 1 sometimes eat too m uch . (or Sometimes 1 eat too mu ch. ) “ Don ’t forge t to call Laura." “ I ’ ve already called h e r." 1’ve got three sisters. T h ey ’ re all married.
Always / never , etc. are before the verb
verb always often never etc
•
go play have et c.
• • • • • •
1 always drink coffee in the m orning. (n. ot 1 d ri nk always coffee) H elen often goes to C hi cago o n business. (η o t H elen goes often) You sometimes look u nhappy. T h ey usually have dinner at 7:00. We rarely (or seldom) watch television. Ric h ard is a good swimme r. H e also plays tennis and volleyball. (n. ot H e pl ays also te n nis) 1’ve got three sisters. T h ey all live in the sa m e cit y.
B ut always / never , etc. are aJter am / is / are / was / were : m I is | always I often are never was etc. were
1. • • • •
• Always / never , et c. are
verb 1 will c an do etc have has
1 am always tired . (n. ot 1 always am tire d) T hey are never at h o m e d uring the day It is usually ve ry cold h ere in the winte r. W h en 1 was a child , 1 was often late fo r sch ool “ 찌r h ere ’s Lau ra?" “ Sh e ’s still in bed." 1’ ve got two broth ers. T h ey ’ re both doc to rs.
betLνee n.
two verb s (have ... been I can ... find , etc.):
verb 2
alway s often never et c.
go find remember etc gone been et c.
• • • • • • •
1 will always remember yo u . It doesn ’ t often rain h ere Do yo u usually drive to work ? 1 can never find my keys. Have yo u ever been to Egyp t? Did the phon e just ring ? T h e children have all finished their ho m ework.
always/never + simple present • Unit 5 justtalready + present perfect • Unit 20 all • Units 81-82 both • Unit 83 still • Unit 96
U N I T
Exercises
95.1 Read Paul ’s answers to the questions. Write sentences about Pa비 with 0빠en/never， et c.
Paul
2
3 4 5 6.
Do you ever play tennis? Do yo u get up early? Are you ever late for work? Do you ever get angry? Do you ever go swimming? Are yo u at home in the evenings?
Paul 0fen
Yεs ，
often. Yes, always No , neve r. Sometimes Rarely. Yes, usua\l y.
썩r.::s
tenms
He He
95.2 Write these sentences with never/always/usually, et c. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13 . 14. 15.
My brother speaks to me. (never) Susan is polite. (always) 1 finish work at 5: 00 . (usua\l y) Sarah has started a new j ob. (j ust) 1 go to bed before midni gh t. (ra rely) The bus isn ’ t late. (usua \l y) 1 do n ’ t ea t fi sh. (often) 1 wi \l forget what yo u sa id. (never) Ha ve yo u lost yo ur passport? (eve r) Do yo u work in th e sa me plac e? (sti \l) They stay at the same hote l. (a lways) Jane do es n ’t work on Saturdays. (usually) Is Tina here? (a lready) What do yo u have for breakfast? (usually) 1 can rememb er his name. (neve r)
My brother never ~eak샅으객E Susan 1 Sarah
95.3 Write sentences with also. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Do yo u play footba ll? (basketball) Do yo u spea k ltalian? (Frenc h) Are you tired? (hungry) Have you been to M ex ico? (G uatemala) Did yo u buy any clothes? (some books)
%s, and I also vlav basketball Yes , and 1 Yes, and Ye s,
95.4 Write sentences with both and all. |’ m married.
I was born in Venezue la I live in Miami.
I live in Lima . I play soccer. l' m a studen t. I have a car 1.
I live in Li ma. I pl ay soccer |’ m a studen t. I have a car
Thev both li‘ve in Lima T hey
socce r. students cars
I
2. They T hey
ma rried. Venezuela.
191
still
already
yet
Still
an hour ago
now
‘‘
ω 」
’h
때뺑
다빼 e
An h o ur ago it was rain ing
It is still rain ing now.
still = som ethi ng is th e same as befo re: • 1 had a lo t to ea t , but 1’ m still hungry. (= 1 was hungr y b efore , and 1’ m hung ry n ow ) l “ D id yo u sell your ca r?" “ N 0 , 1 still h ave it." • “ Do yo u stilllive in Los Angeles?" “ N 0 , 1 live in Sa n Fran cisco n ow." Yet
20 mÎnutes ago
Bill wi ll be here soon
η ow
Where ’ 5 Bill? He’ 5 very late.
ø
o
Twe nty minutes ago th ey we re waiti ng fo r B ill yet
=
T h ey are still waiting fo r Bill Bill hasn't corne yet.
until now
We use yet in
n앵at Î ve
sen ten ces (H e hasn't come ye t. ) and in
q μ estÎons
(Has he com e ye t?).
Yet is usually at th e end of a senten ce : • A: Wh ere ’s E mma? B : Sh e isn't h ere yet. (= sh e w ill be h ere , but until n ow sh e h asn ’t co m e) • A: W h at are yo u doing to ni ght? B: 1 don ’ t kn ow yet . (= 1 w ill know later , but 1 d o n ’t know now) • A: A re yo u ready to go yet? B: Not yet. In a minu te . (= 1 w ill be ready, bu t 1’ m n o t ready now) • A: H ave yo u decided w h at to d o yet ? B: N o , I ’ m still thi n king abo ut i t. Comp are yet and still • Sh e hasn 't left yet . = She ’s still h ere. (not sh e is ye t h ere) • 1 h ave n ’t fini sh ed my h o m ewo rk yet. = 1’ m still d oin g it Already = ea r1 ier than expected: l “ What time is Joe co ming?" “ H e ’s already h ere." (= ea rlier than we expected) l “ I ’ m going to tell yo u w h at h app en ed ." “ T h at ’s n o t necessa ry. 1 already know." • Sa rah isn ’ t co m ing to th e m ovies w ith us. Sh e h as already seen th e film
already/yet + present
perfecνsim 미 e
past •
Unit 20 word order (still/already) • Unit 95
U N I T
Exercises
96.1 You meet Tina. The last time you saw her was two years ago. You ask her some questions with
still.
n d v” u
’
J
m‘ ’ 。
i
、
‘,
n
u
뻐
Tina - two years
ag 。
4.
2. I have an old ca r.
3.
1.
1’ m studying Japanese
2. Do yo u 3 . Are
5.lgotothe movies a lot
I’ m a student
Do vou still tJ lav the tJ iano 2
4.
5.
6. I want to be a teache r.
6
96.2 Write three sentences for each situation. Look at the example
-o -
따
안-
f
α- 4 e「 」
%一川-m
끼-얀-m
m -
m m -
p -
(bifo re) H e was
;ro--BS ----= ~--
-
e -
% -% 따
2. I’ m looking for a job.
「 e 「
(s till ) (yet)
-경-
e
ψ ifor잉
깨듀m껴m-
1.
미 m-
now
뺑빡
bifo re
caref비 Iy.
-경-
3
(still ) H e (ye t)
ye t
(beJore) Sh e
asleep
(still) (ye t)
• 4
(bifo re) T h ey (still) (ye t)
---늦
di /l/1 er
di /l ner
96.3 Write questions with yet. 1.
Yo u and Sue are going o ut toge th e r. You are w aiting fo r h er to ge t read y. M ay b e sh e is rea dy n ow.You ask h er: Are vou readv vet 2 2 . Yo u are waiting fo r H elen to arri ve. Sh e wasn ’ t here 10 minutes ago . Maybe sh e is h ere n ow Yo u as k som ebo dy : H elen 3 . Anna h ad a bloo d tes t and is wa itin g for th e results. M aybe sh e h as gotten h er res ults. Yo u as k h er: yo u 4. A few days ago yo u spo ke to To m . H e wasn ’ t sure w h ere to go fo r hi s vaca ti o n . M ay be h e h as d ecided. YOL1 as k him:
96.4 Complete the sentences. Use already.
2
3 4 5 6
What time is Joe coming? Do you and Joe want to see the movie? 1 have to see Julia befo re she leaves. Do you n ee d a p en? Sh o uld 1 pay the bi ll? Should 1 tell Paul about the meeting?
Hes alreadv h ere. ‘ N o.’ we 've alreadv seen
1
t.
J
1t ’s too late. Sh e N o , thank s. 1 N o , th at ’s O K. 1 N o, h e
o n e.
1 to ld him.
193
Give me that book! glve
lend
pass
send
Give it to me!
show
Sarah
After these verbs (give I lend , et c.), there are two possible structures: give something to somebody • 1 gave the keys to Sarah. give somebody something • 1 gave Sarah the keys.
‘
e
、
，
~
Give something to somebody
That ’s my book These are Sue ’s keys. Can you Can you Did you We ’ ve seen these pi ctures. You
Give • glve • glve lent send showed
something
to somebody
lt
to to to to to to
them these f1 0wers my car a postcard them
me her? your mother? a friend of mine. Kate? us yesterda y.
Give somebody something
Tom How
l11
uch money did you Nicole Can you
Give gave lent lend sent showed pass
somebody
something
e his mother Joe hi l11? you us l11 e
that book. It ’s mme. some f1 owers. some money.
l11
an e-mail. Did you get it? her vacation photo s. the salt , please?
You can also say “ buy/ get somebody something" • 1 bought my mother some flowers. (= 1 bought some flowers for my mothe r.) • Can yo u get me a newspaper w h en yo u go o ut? (= get a newspaper for me) You can say: • 1 gave the keys to Sarah. and 1 gave Sarah the keys. (b ut not 1 gave to Sarah the keys) • That ’s my book. Can you give it to me ? and Can yo u give me that book? (but not Can yo u give to me that book?) We prefer the first structure (give something to somebody) with it o r them • 1 gave it to her. (not 1 gave h er it) • H ere are the keys. Give them to your father . (not Give yo ur father them)
it! him/them , etc
•
Unit 60
U N I T
Exercises 97.1 Mark had some things that he didn ’ t want. He gave them to different people. Sarah
Robert\A neighbor
/' .-
His brother
His sister
Gary
Write sentences beginning He gave ...
He (j ave it to his brother.
1. 2. 3. 4.
What did Mark do with the armchair? What did he do with th e tennis racket? What happ ened to the books? What about the lamp? 5. What did he do with the pictures? 6. And the ladder?
He gave He
97.2 You gave presents to your friends. You decided to give them the things in the pictures. Write a sentence for each person. 1. Paul
2. Joanna
3. Richard
5. Rachel
6.
Kevin
44
,
「 3
/ aave Pau/ a book 1 2. 1 gave 3.
4. Emma
/0
1
97.3 Write questions beginning Can you give me ... ? I Can you pass me ... ?, et c. 1. (you want the salt) (pass) Can -vou /?ass me the sa/t 2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
(you (you (you (you (you (you
need want ne ed want want want
an umbrella) my address) 20 dollars) som e information) to see the letter) some stamp s)
(lend) (give) (l end) (send) (show) (ge t)
Can you Can
yo ur
97.4 Which is right? 1. -l lfflτe to Sa rah t느 e kevs . / I gave Sarah the kevs. (1 gave Sarah the keys is right)
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
I’ 111end to vou some n1. oney ifyou wan t. / I ’ 111end vou some money ifyou want Did you send the letter me? / Did you send the letter to me? 1 want to buv for vou a presen t. / I want to buv vou a prese nt. Can you 12ass to m e th e sugar , please? / Can yo u 12ass me the sugar, please? This is Lisa ’s bag. Can yo u give it to her? / Can yo u 잃뜨h뜨프? I showed to the polic e 0 퍼 cer mv driver ’s license. / I showed th e police office r mv driver ’s li cense.
195
but or so because
and and
or
but
50
becau5e
We use these words (co nj unctions) to j oin two se nten ces . Th ey m ake o n e lo nger senten ce from two sho rter senten ces :
sentence A
The car stopped.
The driver got ou t.
sentence B
The car stopped , and the driver got out.
And/but/or A … ‘d- ’-n -m
st
%
‘
잉
%
π
않 1μ
My - g U He ]
M?
얘 야 ” 까 γ
(r
ν
-
% 6
-따
s
」ω
” μ
Z
ι ”
니
끼
。
J1
ι
’t h x h I b ugLht a m N p % } I t,i e km$ i D wl ”” m U 0 o )
se nteη ce B
and and and but but or
(we) * watc h ed televisio n . (s he) * 1i ves in H o usto n sh e doesn ’ t 1i ke him . 1 didn ’ t rea d i t. it does n ’ t have a ga ragε . are yo u too tired?
*It is n o t n ecessa ry to
repeat “ we" and “ sh e-”
ln lists, we us e co mmas (,) . We use and b efore the last thing • 1 go t ho m e , had something to ea t , sa t down in an armchair, and fell asleep
Jf
/’
• So
Karen is at wo rk , Su e has gon e sh o pping , and C hris is playing foo tball
( th ε
res ult of so m ething)
sen tence A l t was very h ot , Joe plays a lo t of spo rts, T h ey don ’t like to travel ,
sentence B so so so
1 o pen ed th e w indow h e ’s ve ry fi t. th ey haven ’t b ee n to m any places.
Because (the reaso n fo r so m ething) s entence B
sentence A J oε
1 ope n ed the w indow can ’ t come to th e party Lisa is hungry
because because because
it was very h o t. h e ’s leaving town . sh e did n ’t have breakfast
Because is also possible at the b eginning. W e use a comma. • Because it wa5 very hot , 1 op en ed the w indow. ln these examples th ere is m ore th an o ne co njun ctio n: • lt was late and 1 was tired , 50 1 we nt to bed. • 1 love New Yo rk , but 1 wo uldn ’t like to live there because it ’s too big.
when/while/before. et c. •
Unit 99
U N
Exercises
T
98.1 Write sentences. Choose from the boxes and use andlbut/or.
I
L _ __ _ 1
i
ν 、JUεu ‘
•
.. ι
- - - - _ .. -
_ .. -
1 didn ’ t have your numbe r. Should 1 wait here?
-
“‘~ vv ..:lt' a t'“·
1 went to the windo w. 1 wanted to call you. 1 jumped into the rive r. 1 L1 sually drive to work Do yO L1 want me to come with you? 1
1 . .L
...l ~'‘ _ ~~
-1
1 took the bus this morning. - •_
L _ .J
• - '-
1 swam to the other side. 1 looked OL1 t.
/ stayed at home and watched television / bouaht a new5t) a/'J er, but I didn't read it
74
3 4 5 6 7
98.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use and/butlsolbecause. 2.
CØ
3.
MUS E UM
20 m;nufes later
4.
I'm not hungry
Sorry I’ m late
Helen 1 I t was ver y hot , 5으hgpened 2 T hey couldn ’t play tenni s 3 They went to the mu se llm , 4 Bill was n ’ t hllngry,
6.
Goodbye!
Sue
the window
5. Helen was late 6. Su e said
98.3 Write sentences about what you did yesterday. Use andlbut, et c. 냉띤뾰브떡yed at home and studied (a nd) ? / went to bed ve앤썩>.:: because I was tired (b eca us e) 3 A i
,
」J
/ h v
(but) (a nd) (so) (beca use)
197
When ... When 1 went out , it was raining. T his senten ce has two p arts iw hen 1 went out
+
it was raining
You can say: • When 1 went out , it was raining. It was raining w h en I went out
or
We w rite a comma (,) if When ... is at the b eginning: When yo u ’re tired , don ’ t drive D on ’t drive when yo u ’re tired.
• •
H elen was 25 when sh e got m arried. When H elen go t married , she was 25
We do the sam e in sentences w ith before / while / after Always look bo th ways before yo u cross th e stree t . Before yo u cross the street , always loo k both ways.
• l
While I was wai tin g fo r the bus , it b egan to rain It b ega n to rain while I was waiting for th e bus.
l
H e n eve r playe d foo tb a11 again after he bro ke hi s leg. After h e b ro ke his leg , h e n eve r pl aye d foo tba11 again
y
이
따 맨 川빼
N ext week Sarah is goin g to N ew York . She h as a fri end , Lisa , w ho lives in N ew Yo rk , but Lisa is also go ing away - to M exico. So they won ’ t see eac h o th er in N ew York .
mM ,
빠 때
When 1 am . . . / When 1 go . .. , etc.
Lisa w il1 be in M exico when Sarah is in N ewYork.
4갖-
The time is Jutu re (next week) , but we say: when Sarah is in N ew York . (not w h en Sarah wi11 be) Sarah
Li sa • -~----- ~ •. 톨톨
We us e the present (1 am / 1 go , et c.) w ith a 가t ture mea nt ng a 타 e r when: • When I get h ome tonight , I ’ m going to take a showe r. (not When I w i11 get h om e) • I can ’t talk to yo u n ow. I ’ 11 talk to yo u later when 1 have m ore time We do the sam e a산 er before / while / after/ until: • Please close the w indow before yo u go o ut . (not befo re yo u w i11 go) • R ac h el is going to stay in o ur apartm ent while we are away. (not w hile we w ill b e) • I ’ II wa it here until yo u come back . (η ot until yo u will co m e bac k)
if and when • Unit 100 until • Unit 105 before/while/after • Unit 106
Exercises
U N I T
빼 때
+
t
1 go o n vaca tio n the prog ram ended 1 go t to th e h o tel
m
• M
m
m
pl
m
때
When
I ’ m tired 1 called h er
따페
L￦ e nt 융ttt
뼈
I I
빼때뺑
99.1 Write sentences beginning with When. Choose from the boxes.
‘
+ • ~ι
‘“ ““' 5 i
there was no answer llike to w atch TV
When I went out, it was rainina
1. 끼/--ι A4T
「 3
/0
99.2 Complete the sentences using the following: som eb ody broke into the h ouse L ~ C~ ._ ~
‘L ~
νν “2 “-
“
i
__ _ _
‘ Y
‘ι .L
~~~~ ..J >J J
.J‘ “
‘ L ~ ““
_‘- ~ ~ι J “~~.
before they cam e h ere w hile they we re away
w h en they h eard the n ew s they didn ’t believe m e
they we nt to live in France 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
before thev crossed the street They loo ked both ways They were very surprised After they got m arr ied , Their h o use was damaged in a storm Where did they live While we were asleep , When 1 told them what happ en ed ,
;
99.3 Which is righ t? / 1’ 11 stav h ere until vou co m e / VO U’ 11 CO ffi e- back. (I ’ 11 stay and you come are right) 1’ m go in g to b ed when 1 fini sh / 1’ II finish my work. We must do so m ethin g before it ’s / i t will b e too late. H elen is m oving away soo n. 1’ m / 1’ llb e ve ry sad when sh e leaves / she ’ 11 leave. Don ’t go o ut ye t. Wait until th e rain sto ps / wi11 sto p. W ,e come / We ’ 11 come and visit yo u w hen we ’ re / we ’ 11be in Toronto again When 1 come / 1’ 11 come to see yo u tomorrow, 1 brin g: / 1’ 11 bring yo ur DVDs. 1’ 111 go ing to Quebec next week. 1 h o pe to see sO l11 e friends of l11 ine while ! ’ 111 / 1’ 11be there. “ 1 need yo ur address." “ O K , l g: ive / 1’ 11 g: ive it to yo u b efore 1 g: o / 1’ 11 g:o .” 1’ m n ot rea dy ye t. 1 te 11 / 1’ 11 tel! yo u when 1’ 111 / 1’ 11be ready.
1. +몫a v
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 10.
99.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Can yo u close the window before What are you go in g to do when When 1 h ave en o u gh 1110ney, 1’ 11 wa it for yo u w hil e When 1 start my n ew job , Will yo u be h ere when
，인브 9 00ut
>
?
>
199
If we 90 ...
If you see ... , etc. l
Shou ld we take the bus or a taxi?
If we take the bus , it wil l be cheaper
-
We ’ 11 get there more quickl y if we take a taxi
If can be at the beginning of a sentence or in the middle: If at the beginning If we take the bus, If yo u d o n ’ t hurry, If yo u ’ re hungry, If the pho n e rings ,
it w ill b e ch ea p e r. yo u ’ 11 miss the train h ave so m ething to ea t . ca n yo u answe r it , please? if in the middle
It will be ch eap e r Yo u ’ 11 mi ss the train I ’ m go ing to the co n cert Is it O K
if we take the b us if yo u do n ’ t hur ry if 1 ca n ge t a ti cket . if 1 use yo ur p hone?
In conversation , we often use the if-part of the sentence alone: l “ Are you go ing to the concert?" “ Yes , if I can get a ticket." If you see Ann tomorrow ... , et c. After • • • •
if, we u se the present (η ot will). We say if you see ... (η ot if you will see): If you see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to call me? I fI’ m late tonight , don ’ t wait for me. (not if 1 will be) What sh ould we do if it rains ? (not if it wi11 rain) If 1 don ’ t feel we11 tomorrow, 1’ 11 stay home.
If and when If 1 go out = it is possible that 1 wi11 go out , but I' m not sure : • A: Are you going out later? B: Maybe. If I go out , 1’ 11 close the windows. When 1 go out = 1’ m going out (for sure) • A: Are you going out later? B: Yes , 1 am. When I go out , 1’ 11 close the windows . Compare when and if • When 1 get home tonight , 1’ m going to take a sh owe r. • IfI ’ m late tonight , don ’t wait for me. (not When 1’ m late) • We ’re go ing to play basketball if it doesn ’t rain. (not when it doesn ’t rain) when •
Unit 99 if I had I if we went . . . , etc
•
Unit 101
“
•
U N I T
Exercises
따끄
100.1 Write sentences beginning with If. Choose from the boxes. - _ ~
If
1.
+
..
...J ~ ~’
..
L. ____ _
you pass the driving test you fail the driving test you don ’t want this magazine you want those pictures you ’re busy now you ’re hungry you need money
If vou don't
hur.α
+
we can have lunch now you can have them 1 can lend you some y'ou’ 11 get your license I ’ 11 throw it away we can talk later you can take it again
vou'lI be late
2. If you pass 3. If 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
100.2 Which is righ t? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
If I ’ m/부삼쉰e:- late tonight , don ’t wait for me. (I 'm is right) Will you call me if I give / I ’ 11 give you my phone number? Ifthere 표4프i1l b드 a firε ， the alarm wi 1l ring Ifl don ’ t see you tomorrow morning , I call / I ’ 11 cal1 you in thε afternoon I ’ m / I ’ llbe surprised if Martin and Jane get / will get married. Do vou go / Will vou go to the party if thev invite / thev ’ 11 invite you?
100.3 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1. I ’ m going to the concert if I 띄업et a ticket 2. If you don't hurry, you'lI miss the train 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
I don ’ t want to disturb you if If you go to bed early tonight , Turn the television off if Tina won ’ t pass her driving test if If I have time tomorrow, We can go to the beach tomorrow if 1’ 11 be surprised if
100.4 Write if or when. 1. 」L- I ’ m late tonight , don ’t wait for me. I come back , we can have lunch 2. I ’ m going shopping now. I go , wi 1l you come with me? 3. I ’ m thinking of going to see Tim. you don ’ t want to go out tonight , we can stay at home. 4 5. Is it OK I close the window? 6. John is still in high schoo l. he finishes , he wants to go to college. 7. Do you want to go on a picnic tomorrow the weather is good? 8. We ’re going to Mexico City next week 매Te ’re going to look for a hotel we get there. I don ’ t know what we ’ 11 do we don ’ t find a room
201
If 1had ...
If we went ... , etc.
Dan likes fas t cars, but h e doesn ’t have one. He doesn ’t have eno ugh m on ey.
mo떼
」
If h e had the m on ey, h e would buy a fast ca r. Usua11y had is past , but in this senten ce had is not past . If h e had the m on ey = if h e had the mon ey no !ν (but h e doesn ’t have it).
I had / knew / lived / went (et c.) If
I you 1t
th ey, etc.
I
..
didn ’ t have I didn ’ t know (etc.) .. 、vere ... , could ... ,
yo u they they,, et et c. c.
would (n ’ t )
I could (n't) I
buy be have ... go . . . , et c.
You can say: • If he had the m oney, h e would buy a ca r. or H e wo uld buy a car if he had th e m on ey. I ’d I she ’'d I they ’d , et c. = I would I sh e would I they would , et c. : • 1 don ’t know the answe r. If I knew the answer , 1’d tell you • It ’s rain1ng , so we ’re n ot going out. We ’d get wet if we went out. • Jan e lives in a city. Sh e likes citi es . Sh e wouldn ’ t be h appy if sh e lived in the cou ntry. • If yo u didn ’ t have a j ob , w hat would yo u do ? (but yo u have a j ob) • 1’ m sorry 1 can 't h elp yo u . I ’'d help yo u i fI could. (but 1 can 't) • If we had a car, we could travel m o re. (but w e don ’t h ave a car, so we can ’t travel much) If (1) was / were
I wo ul dn ’ t go out if I were you.
You can say if I1 h e / sh elit was or if I1 h e/ sh elit were : • It ’s not a very nice place. 1 wo uldn ’t go there if 1 were you. (or ... if 1 was yo u) • It wo uld b e nice if the weather was bette r. (or . . . if the weather were better) • W hat would Tom do if he were h ere? (o r . . . if he was h ere)
Compare : if 1 have I if it is , etc. • 1 want to go and see H elen . If I have time , I will go today. (= mayb e 1’ 11 h ave time, so m ayb e I ’ 11 go) • I like that j acket. I ’ II buy it if it isn ’ t too exp ensive . (= mayb e it w i11 n ot b e too exp ensive) •
1’ II help yo u if 1 can.
(= m ayb e
1 can help)
if we 90 / if I have / if I can , et c. • Unit 100
if 1 had I if it was , etc. • 1 want to go and see H elen . If 1 had time , 1 would go today. (= 1 do n ’ t h ave time today, so 1 w i11 n ot go) • 1 like that j acket , but it ’s very exp enslve. I ’'d buy it if it wasn ’ t so exp ens 1Ve (= it is exp ensive , so 1’ m no t gom g to buy it) • 1’'d help yo u if 1 could , but 1 can ’t.
U N I T
Exercises 101.1 Complete the sentences.
8. 9.
끼a
j 짧
…
빽
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
「 rL
1 don ’t know the answe r. If 1 knζw the answer , 1’d tell you. 1 have a ca r. 1 couldn ’ t travel very I11Ll ch if 1 didn't have a ca r. 1 don ’ t want to go ou t. If 1 to go out , 1’d go We don ’t have a ke y. lfwe a kεy， we could get into the hO Ll se. h Ll ngr y. 1’ 111 not hungry. 1 would have sOl11 ething to eat if 1 n SLl e enjoys her work. She wO Ll ldn ’ t do it if she n f He can ’ t speak any foreign languages. If he language , l11 aybe he would get a better job harder , yO Ll would have 1110re You don ’t try hard eno Ll gh. lf yO Ll sLl ccess. so much to do , we could go OLl t 1 have a lot to do today. If 1
1.
101.2 Put the verb in the correct form. 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 1 1. 12.
lf h싹썩_ the 1110ney, he would buy a fast ca r. (he / have) Jane likes living in a city. 5he wouldn't be happy if she lived in the CO Ll ntry. (she / not / be) If 1 wanted to learn It alian , to Italy. (1 / go) 1 haven ’ t told Helen what happened. She ’d be angry if (she / know) If a l11 ap , 1 could show you where 1 live. (we / have) 찌rhat would you do if a lot of 1110ney? (you / win) It ’s not a very good hote l. there if 1 were you. (1 / not / stay) If closεr to Mia l11 i , we would go there 1110re often. (we / live) 1’ m sorry you have to go now. nice if you had 1110re time. (it / bε) 1’ 111 not going to take the job. 1’d take it if bette r. (the salary / be) 1 don ’t know anything about cars. If l11y car broke down , what to do. (1 / not / know) ? Ifyou could change one thing in the world , what (you / change)
101.3 Complete the sentences. Use the following (with the verb in the correct form): we (have) a bigger house we (buy) a bigger house we (have) some pictures on the wall 1. 1’d buy that jacket if_'t
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
·•
/ L. ~ \
‘
1;•• 1 ~ _ 1‘ ( “‘ ~ -
every day (be) the sa l11 e the air (be) cleaner
1 (watch) it 1 (be) bored
was a little cheaoer
1f there was a good 1110vie on TV tonight , This room would be nicer if If there wasn ’ t so much traffìc , Life would be boring if If 1 had nothing to do , We could invite all our friends to stay if If we had more money,
101.4 Complete the sentences. Use your own ideas. 1. 1’d be happier if I had less work 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
If 1 could go anywhere in the world , 1 wouldn't be very happy if 1’d buy if If 1 saw an accident in thε street , The wo r1 d would be a better place if
203
a person who . .. a thing that/which ... (relative clauses 1) I can spea k six languages.
I
1 m et a wo man. She ca n spea k six langua ges
2 senlc/'l ces she 겨 who - 1 se l1 tence
1 m et a wornan who ca n spea k six languages .
J ac k was w ea ring a ha t. It was too big fo r him.
-
2 sentences
Jack it •
that ’ or which 4 1 SC1'I lel1 ce -
-
Jac k was wea ring a hat that w as too bi g for him. or Jac k was wea ring a hat which was too big for him.
Who is for people (1'1. 01 things): A thief is a person Do you know anybody The rnan The people
who who who who
steals things can play the piano? call ed work in th e 0 태 ce
didn ’ t give his name are very friendly
That is for things or people An airplane is a rnachine E mma lives in a house The people
that fli es that is 100 yea rs old . that work in the o ffi ce
are very friendl y
You can use that for people , but who is more common. Which is for things (/1 01 people): An airplane is a rnachine Emma lives in a house
I which I which
fli es . (not a m ac hine wh o ... ) is 100 yea rs old.
Do not use which for people: • Do you remember the wornan who played the piano at the party? (η01 the woman which ... )
who and which in questions • Units 46, 48 the people we met (relative clauses 2) • Unit 103
U N
Exercises
T
102.1 Choose from the boxes and write sentences: A ... is a person who .... Use a dictionary if necessary. 웅f해ef
a butch er a musl C1 an a pa tJ ent
a a a a
denti st fool ge mus li ar
doesn ’ t tell the truth takes ca re of yo ur teeth is very intellige nt plays a mu sica l in strument
is sick in the hospital ” • ...... .... 1 ... •l.: “ - ~ J
‘
“ ”“
'U
“ §“
does stupid thin gs sells m ea t
A thief is a oerson who steals thinas. A butcher is a person 3. A mu sician 2.
4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
102.2 Make one sentence from two. 1.
(A man
ca llεd.
H e didn ’ t g ive his name.)
7ne man who called didn't aive his name 2.
3 4
(A woman opened th e doo r. She was wea rin g a yellow dress.) The woman (Some students took the tes t. Most of them passed.) Most of the students (A po Ji ce officer stopp ed o ur ca r. He wasn ’t ve ry fri e ndl y.) The
a yellow dress
102.3 Write who or which. 1 1 1l1 et a woman who 2.
3. 4.
5.
0 태 ce?
」이
이
/ t ·
-
J
M -
-、
o - -
야
얘
8. 9.
‘
펙
5. 6. 7.
‘
끼、)
‘,
ok
느
--끼/;
4
A 떠 ef i s~ p erso n which s te꽤 thin gs An airplane is a ll1 achine that f1 ies. A coffee ll1 aker is a ll1achine who 1l1 akes coffee. Have you see n th e 1l1 0ney that was on the table) 1 don ’t like peopl e w hich neve r stop talking 1 know so n'l eb ody that ca n help yo u. 1 kn ow sO ll1 ebody who works in th at store. Correct the sentences who are wrong M y neighbor bought a car who cost $60 , 000.
p g -
a
뻐뼈
102.4 Right or wrong? (orrect the mistakes.
Vι
퍼
따
8. 9.
뼈
7.
떼
6.
can speak six lan guages . What ’s th e name o f th e ll1 an just started working in yo ur What ’s the na 1l1 e of th e ri ve r fl ows thro ugh the town) Wh ere is the picture was hangi ng on th e wa lP Do you know anybody wants to buy a car? You always ask questions are diffi cult to answer 1 have a friend is ve ry goo d at fixing cars . , •L o n n nr my 1 think eve ryb o dy “ ‘ m S r m a m u Why does h e always wear clothes
205
the people we met the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2) T he man is ca rrying a bag. It ’s ve ry heavy
I
2 sentences
The bag (that) he is carrying is very heavy. 1 sentcnce
Kate wo n so m e m o ney What is she going to do w ith it?
2 sentences
What is Kate go ing to do with the money (that) she won ? 1 5cntence
Kate
You can say: • The bag that he is carrying . .. or • . .. the money that Kate won? or
T h e bag he is carrying . .. (wi th or without that) ... the money Kate won?
You do not need that/ who / which when it is the object: 5 /4 ψ ect
The man Kate Yo u 재re
• • •
verb
object
was ca rry ll1 g wo n wanted m et
a bag some m o ney some bo oks so m e peopl e
• • • •
the the the the
bag (that) the man was carrying money (대 a t) Kate won books (th at) you wanted people (wh o) we met
Did you find the books you wanted? (or ... the books that you wanted?) The people we met were very friendl y. (orThe people who we met ... ) Everything 1 said was true. (or Everything that 1 said ... )
We say: • The movi e we saw was very good. (not The movie we saw it was ... ) Sometimes there is a prep05ítíon (to / in / at , et c.) after the verb: Eve is talking to a man. W e stayed at a hote l. 1 told you about som e books.
• • •
D o yo u know the man Eve is talking to ? The hotel we stayed at was nea r th e stati o n. These are the books 1 told you about.
We say: the books 1 told you about . (not the books 1 told you abo ut them) You can say (a place) where • The hotel where we stayed was near the station. (= The hotel we stayed at ... ) You must use who / that/ which when it is the subject (• Unit 102): • 1 met a woman who can speak six languages. (who is the subject) • Jack was wearing a hat that was too big for him . (that is the subject)
a person who .. . , a thing tha t!which ... (relative clauses 1) • Unit 102
U N I T
Exercises 103.1 Make one sentence from two. 1.
(H elen took so m e picwres. Ha ve yo u see n th e m ?) Have y'ou seen the p /ctures Helen tookè ‘
’
2. (You gave m e a pen. [’ ve lost it. ) I ’ ve lost the 3. (Su e is wea ring a j acke t. [ like i t. ) 1 like the 4. (1 gave yo u so m e f1。、.ve rs. Where are they?) Where are the 5 (H e to ld us a sto ry. 1 didn ’ t believe i t.)
6
(You bought so m e ora nges . How How
l11 uch
?
were they?) ;
103.2 Make one sentence from two. 1.
(1 was ca rrying a bag. It was very h eavy.)
Tne baa I was carry/na was very hea vv. (You coo ked a m ea l. It was excell ent.) Th e 3 . (1’11l wearing sh oes . They aren't ve ry co mfo rtable.) The sh oes 4. (W e invited so m e pεople to dinne r. They didn ’t co m e.) The 2.
103.3 You ask your friend some
ql쩌 stions. Complete the sentences.
1. Your friend stayed at a h o tel. You as k : What ’s the na l11 e of the hotel you stayed at 2 2. Your fri e nd was talking to so m e people. You as k: Wh o are th e peop le 3. Your fl ie nd was loo king for so m e keys. You ask: Did yo u flnd the 4. Your fri end is go ing to a part y. Yo u as k Wh ere is the 5. Your friend was talking abo ut a m ovie. You as k : What ’s the nam e of 6 . Your friend is li ste ning to sO l11 e music. Yo u as k: What ’s that 7. Your friend was waiting for an e-ma i l. You as k: Did yo u get
;
‘
>
>
?
>
>
103.4 Complete the questions. Use where. 1. John stayed at a h o tel. Yo u ask him Did yo u like the hotel where you stayed Sue had dinner in a resta uran t. Yo u as k her: What ’s the n a l1l e of thε res taurant 3 . Sarah lives in a town. Yo u ask h el How bi g is the 4. Ri ch ard works in a factory. You as k hi l11: Wh ere exac tl y is
>
2.
P
>
?
207
at 8:00 on Monday in April At 11
12
‘
1
9
at
3 ’l
F
3
。
t
8:00 10:30 l11 idnight , etc.
• •
1 start wo rk at 8:00 in th e m orning. T he banks close at 5:00.
night the e nd of
• •
1 can ’ t sleep at night. 1’ m taking a trip at the end of Octobe r.
On Sunday (s) / M o nday (s) , etc. April 25 / ]une 6 , et c. M on da y m ornin g / Tuesday afterno o n / Frid ay night , et c. New Year ’s D ay, e tc
MONDAY
JUNE
(on)
6 Yo u • • • •
ca n say : Bye ! See yo u on Friday. or See you Friday. (with or w ithout on) Do yo u wo rk on Sundays? or Do yo u wo rk Sundays? or T h e conce rt is Novernber 20 T he co nce rt is on Novernber 20 1’ m leaving on Friday night. or I ’ m leaving Friday night
We say on the weekend / on weekends (always with on). • T hey like to eat o ut on the weekend / on weekends. In
APRIL Su 1010 TI.I W. Th Fr 3
5
e
7
’8
s. 2 9
‘ 12 13 14 15 16 21 22 23 ’ ’258 ’269 21 28 29 30 z‘ 10 11
z。
7
•
ln
April /]un e, etc. 2009 /1 968 , etc the th e
s prin g /s ummε r / fa l l/ w int e r 1l1
0rnin g /a fternoo n/ eveni ng
• • • •
1’ 111 takin g a trip in October. Amy was bo rn in 1988. T h e p ark is b ea utiful in the fall. Do yo u often go out in the evening?
We do not use at/ on / in b efo re: this ... (this rnorning / this week , et c. ) every . .. (every day / every week , etc.) last .. . (last August / last week , etc.) next . . . (next Monday / next week , et c.)
• • •
W hat are yo u doing this weekend ? We go on vacatio n every surnrner. Last surnrner we went to E urop e 1’ m leaving next Monday. (not on next M onday)
In five rninutes / in a few days / in six weeks / in two years , etc • • n 。 、v
in five rninutes
in/a tJon (places) • Units 107- 108
Hurry! T h e train leaves in five rninutes. (= it leaves fi ve minutes 삼0 111 now ) Bye! 1’ 11 see yo u in a few days . (= a few days 삼om now)
U N
Exercises 104.1 Write at or in. 1.
A111y was born
In
1988.
2 . 1 go t up 3. 4. 5.
μ
m
맥
「
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
8:00 this m orn ing . the 1110rning. 1 like to get up ea rl y night. 1 Ii ke to look at the sta rs May M y brother got m arri ed th e SU111m er W e o ft e n go to th e b eac h t o m --N / ut Le t ’s 111ee t % T h e c0111pany started the e nd of the 1110nth 1’ 11 send yo u th e money the evening . It closes T h e café is open
l11
idnight
104.2 Write at/on/in.
on 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
In
June 6 thε eve n 1l1 g half past two Wednes day 1997 Septe mb e r
7 8. 9. 10 11 . 12 .
September ?4
13.
Friday 111 0 rning
Thursday 11 :45
14. 1 5.
Saturd ay ni ght ni gh t the e nd of the day the weekend the w inte r
NewYíεar ’s
Eve
16.
noon
17
the 111 orn i n g
18
104.3 Which sentence is correct - A. B. or both of them? 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12.
A 1’ 111 taking a trip in Octobe r. Do yo u work Sundays? r always feel tirε d at th e eve l1 i l1 g 1’ 111 leaving n ext Saturday. T i l11 started his n ew job 0 11 M ay 18 Laura fini sh ed hi gh sch ool in 2002. W e m eet 011 ever y Tuesday. We dO I1 ’ t often go o u t in n igh t 1 ca n 't m eet yo u Thursday. Lisa saw Sam M o nday l1 ight 1’ m leavi l1 g in the e nd of thi s month ‘ Tim goes to the gy m 0 11 Fridays
B
I ’ m ta king a trip 0 11 Octobe r D o yo u work 0 11 SUl1 days? 1 always fee l tired in the eve ning. I ’ m leav ing 0 11 n ext Saturday Tim sta rted hi s new j o b M ay 18. Laura fini sh ed hi gh sc h oo l ?002 댄le m eet eve ry Tu esday. W e don ’t ofte n go o ut at nigh t. 1 ca n ’ t l11 ee t yo u on T hursday. Lisa saw Sa m on 1이 o nd ay night 1' 111 leaving at the e nd of thi s 111 0 nth .
A
both
Tim goes to the gy l11 Fridays.
104.4 Write sentences with in .... πJe tr，α in
1.
It ’s 8 :25 now. Th e train leaves at 8:30 2. 1t ’s Monday today. r’ 11 ca ll yo u o n Thursda y. 3. Today is June 14. M y exa l11 is on Jun e ?8 4. 1t ’s 3:00 n ow. TO I11 wi ll be h ere at 3:30.
I’ 11
/eaves in five minutes days.
My Tom
104.5 Write at/on/in if necessary. Sometimes the sentence is already complete. and no word IS necessary. They likε to eat out 0으 wee k e nds. 7 1’ 111 gomg _二_ n ext Friday. (a lrea dy complete) 8. 9. 1 always feel tired th e evening n U \νill yo u b e at h o m e this evening? las t sUl11 m e r. 11 W e went to Fran ce 12. 1994 . 6 . Laura was born
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
4 --
What are yo u doing th e weeke nd ? every Sunday 1 ca ll Robert Sh o uld we play tennis next Sunday? las t weeke nd 1 couldn ’t go to the party I ’ 111 go in g o u t. 1’ 11 be back an h o ur. night 1 don ’ t often go out
209
from ... to
until
slnce
for
From ... to • We lived in ] apan from 1996 to 2005. • 1 work from Monday to Friday You can also say from ... until ... • We lived in ] apan from 1996 until 2005.
상om
Monday to Friday
Monday
Friday
Unt i1 ..
•
u
F
니 띠
•
T h ey ’re leaving town tomorrow. T h ey ’ 11 be away unt i1 Friday. 1 went to bed early, but 1 wasn ’t tired 1 read a book unt i1 3:00 a.m. Wait h ere unt i1 1 come bac k.
η
•
빠
unt i1
Friday December 3:00 1 come back
l
% ‘
Friday
You ca n also say till (= unt i1): l 댄!a it h ere till 1 come back. CO l11 pare: • “ How long will yo u be away?" “ Until Monday." • “ When are yo u cO l11 ing back?" “ On Monda y." Since + a ti l11 e in the past (to now) We use since after the present perfcct (have been / have done , et c.) Monday
I 2002 slllce I 2:30
2:3 1 arrived I
•
• •
] oe is in the hospita l. He h as been in the h ospital since Monday I since Monday (= fro l11 Monday to now) Monday Sue and Dave have been l11 arried since 2002. (= fro l11 2002 to now) [t has been raining since 1 arrived .
now
CO l11 pa re: • We lived in ]apan from 1996 to 2005. 재1e lived in ] apan until 2005 • Now we live in Denve r. We ca l11 e to Denver in 2005. 재1e have lived in De nver since 2005. (= fro l11 2005 until now) We use for (not since) + a period of time (three days / 10 years , et c.) • ]oe has been in the h ospital for three days. (l'I. ot since three days) For + a period of ti l11 e three days for
I 10 years five l11inutes a long ti l11 e
• • • •
Gary staye d with us for three days. I ’ 111 going away for ISunday a few weeks. I ’ 111 go ing away for the weekend . T hey ’ ve been l11 arried for 10 years .
for three days
Monday
present perfect + for/since • Units 17-18 present perfect (1 have lived) and simple past (1Iived) • Unit 21
Tuesday
U N I T
Exercises
105.1 Read the information and complete the sentences. Use from ... to / untill s;nce. Jin Sook
I live in Japan now I lived in Canada before I came to Japan in 2003 ‘
I live in Australia now I lived in South Korea before. I came to Australia in 2007
&혀，
r
.iJ;p." _';"냉-
(Alex / Canada / 1995 • 2003) 2. (Alex / Canada / -• ?003) 3. (Alεx / ]apan / ?003 •) 4. Oin Sook / South Korea • 2007) 5. Oin Sook / Australia / 2007 •) 6. (Beth / a hotel / 2002-2005) 7. (Bεth / a restaurant / 2005 •) 8. (Adam / a teacher / 1996-2002) 9. (Adam / a journalist / 2002 • ) 1.
Adam
Beth
Alex
‘
F
I work in a restaurant now I worked in a hotel before I started work in the restaurant in 2005 x
|’ m a
journalist now. I was a teacher before I started work as a journalist in 2002.
-ι，ι
Alex Ii ved l n Canada from 1995 to 2003 Alex Ii ved in Canada Alex has lived in ]apan ]in Sook lived in ]in Sook has lived in 2002 Beth workεd Bεth ha s worked Adam was a Adam has been
2003 •
Now write sentences with for. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16.
(Alex / Canada) (Alex / ]apan) Oin Sook / Australia) (Beth / a hotel) (Bεth / restaurant) (Adam / a teac her) (Adam / a journalist)
Alex I/ved in Canada for el9 ht y ears Alex has Ii ved in ]apan ]in Sook has Beth worked Beth Adam Ada l11
105.2 Write untillsincelfor. Sue and Dave have bεεn l11 arried 효띠똥_ 2002. 1 was tired this morning. 1 stayed in bεd 10:00. half an hour, but she didn ’t come. We waited for Suε “ Did you just get here?" “ No , I ’ ve bee n herε 7:30." “ How long did you stay at thε party last night? " “ l11 idnight." Dan and 1 are good friends. We have known each other 10 years. l ’ m tired. 1’ m going to Ii e down a flεw 11llnutεs. 8. (ín a/1 aí띠ane that's landín씨 Please stay in your seats the airplane rea ches the gate. 1i R% o7 mh e 1 was seve n years old. rm nU @]LK ---m”” e Wednesday r m ob rLO -X three days. 6:00. 12. 1 usually finish work at 5:30 , but some ti l11 es 1 work we were in high schoo l." 13 “ How long have you known Anna?" “ 20 minutes 14. Where have you been? 1’ ve been waiting for you 1. 2. 3. 4 5 6. 7 ‘
디
찌때 빼
W
」띠
]
… 바U
ιN
Kn
대삐빽
띠
아
m 빠씨
KQ
211
before
after
during
while
Before , during , and after
Ticketf
before the • • •
l11
0vie
during the
l11
0vie
after th e
l11
0vie
Everybody feels nervous before a test 1 fell asleep during the movie. We were tired after our visit to the l11 useum.
Before , while , and after
@
before we played • • •
while we were playing
after we playe d
Don ’t forget to c1 0se the window before you go out. 1 often fall asleep while 1’ m reading. T h ey watched TV after they did the dishes
During , while , and for We use during + 110U I1 (during the movie). We use while + verb (while 1’ m reading): • We didn ’ t speak during the mea l. but We didn ’ t speak while we were eating. (not during we were eating) Use for (not during) + a period oJ time (three days / two hours / a year , etc.) • We played basketball for two hours . (not • 1 lived in Florida for a year. (not during a year) You can use before / after + -ing (before going / after eating , et c.) • 1 always have breakfast before going to work. (= befo re 1 go to work) • After doing the dishes, they watched TV (= after they did) Remember:We say before going (not before to go) , after doing (not after to do) , etc.: • Before eating the apple, r wash ed it carefully. (not before to eat) • r started work after reading the n ewspape r. (not after to read) past continuous (1 was -ing) • Units 13-14 before/after/while/when • Unit 99 for • Unit 105 prepositions + -ing • Unit 113
U N I T
Exercises +
aι
im‘
p
they went to Mexico you ’re waltmg
←1ι
during while
p
해 ’
after before
lunch the concert the course
m‘ ’
뼈탔뺑
106.1 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes.
Everybody was nervous b강ore the test 1 usually work four hours in the morning and another three hours The movie was really boring. We left Anna went to night school to learn German. She learned a lot • My aunt and uncle lived in Chicago A: Somebody broke a window . Did you hear anything? B: N 0 , 1 was asleep all the time. ? 7. Would you like to sit down 8. “ Are you going home ?” “ Yes , 1 have to get up early tomorrow."
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
1 06.2 Write during/while/for.
ππ
J 띠샤씨
빼빼뼈
J 니 없 야
「L
”
뱅ιm 빽
We didn ’t speak w센흐_ we were eatmg We didn ’ t speak dunng the meal. Gary called you were out 1 stayed in Rome five days. Sally didn ’t read any newspapers she was on vacation. The students looked very bored the class. 1 fell out of bed 1 was asleep. h 8 IL % t three hours. 9 Il Ju] g ] the da y. 7U v N e I you are having dinner? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
106.3 Complete the sentences. Use -ing (doing , having, et c.).
9ι
ml ’
m%
빽
Jη
ιU
After 깅쁘g the dishes , they watched T V. 1 felt sick after too much chocolate. 1’ m going to ask you a question. Think carefully before 1t a showe r. 1 felt awful when 1 got up this morning. 1 felt better after After my work , 1 left the office and went home. .0 g to a foreign country, you should try and learn a little of uα
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
p~
106.4 Write sentences with before + -ing and after + -ing. 1. They did the dishes. Then they watched T V. After doina the dishes, thev watched π끼 2. John finished high schoo l. Then he worked in a bookstore for two years. John worked 3. 1 read for a few minutes. Then 1 went to sleep Before 4. We walked for three hours. We were very tired. After 5. Let ’s have a cup of coffee. Then we'll go out. Let ’s
213
at on (places
In In
ln • ln • ln in
• • • • • •
a store a room a car the water
in ln in in
a garden a town a p ark Brazil
“ Where ’s D avid?" “ In the kitchen. / In the garden. / In Seoul." What ’s in that box / in that bag / in that closet? R ach el w orks in a store / in a bank / in a factory . 1 went for a swim in the river / in the pool / in the ocean. Milan is in the north of Italy. N aples is in the south. 1 live in a big city , but 1’d like to live in the country .
At
φ
/
@
。
)/
/
at the bus stop
• • • • •
at the door
at the traffi c light
T h ere ’s som ebo dy at the bus stop / at the door. T h e car is waiting at the traffic 1i ght. Jan e is working at her des k.
at the top / at the bottorn / at the end (of .. .) 댄1r it e yo ur nam e at the top of the page. M y h ouse is at the end of the street .
at h er desk at the to p (ofth e page)
-----
--- - . --- --- --- --
at the b ottom (of the page)
On
‘빼
• • • • •
-
on on on on
a sh elf a plate a balco ny the floor , etc.
on a wall on the ceiling on a door, etc.
T h ere are som e b ooks on the shelf and some pictures on the wall . T h ere are a lot of apples on those trees . Don ’t sit on the grass. It ’s wet. T h ere is a stamp on the envelope .
on a horse / on a bicycle / on a rnotorcycle : Who is that man on the rnotorcycle ?
the top I the bottom , et c. •
11768
Unit 71 atlon/in (time) • Unit 104 in/atlon (places 2) • Unit 108
stamp
envelope
U N
Exercises 107.1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use inlatlon.
뼈
대
( m ’K
π
,i
4
2 . (th e box)
3. (the b ox)
4. (th e wal1)
5. (the bus stop)
6. (th e fi eld)
7. (th e balc ony)
8. (the p ool)
9. (th e window)
10 . (the ceiling)
11. (th e tabl e)
12. (the table)
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
」
1.
P
t
Wh ere Wh ere Wh ere Wh ere Where Where
is he? In the kltchen are the sh oes? is the p en ? is the cloc k? is the bu s? are th e h o rses?
7 . Wh ere 8. Wh ere 9. Wh ere 10 . Wh ere 1 1. Wh ere 12. Where
are th ey standing? is she swimming? is he standing? is th e spider? is h e sitting? is she sitting?
107.2 Write inlatlon. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 9 1O. 11. 12. 13 . 14. 15.
O o n ’t Slt 므으_ th e grass . 1t ’s we t. What do you have yo ur bag? the roo f. What ’s he doin g? Look! T h ere ’s a m an T h ere are a lo t of fi sh this ri ver th e doo r O ur h ouse is numb er 45 - th e numb er is th e traffi c light." “ Is th e post o ffi ce nea r here?" “ Yes , turn left 1 have a sm all vege table gard en the bac kya rd. M y sister lives Pragu e. There ’s a sm all p ark th e top of the hil l. 1 think 1 h ea rd the doo rb ell. T h ere ’s som ebody the doo r. Muni ch is a large city the so uth of Ge rmany. T h ere ’s a gas stati on th e end of the bloc k. a bi cycle 1t ’S diffì cult to ca rry a lo t of things 1 loo ked at th e list of nam es . M y nam e was th e bo ttom. the wa ll the living roo m. T here is a mirro r
215
at on (places 2)
In In in in in in in in in in
b ed the h ospital the sky the world a n ewsp ap er / in a book a ph otograph / in a p icture a car / in a taxi the middle (of . . . )
“ Where ’s Kate?" “ She ’s in bed." D avid ’'s fath er is sick. He ’s in the hospital. 1 like to loo k at the stars in the sky at night. What ’s the largest city in the world? 1 read ab out the accident in the newspaper . You look sad in this photograph. Did yo u com e h ere in your car? There ’s a big tree in the middle of the yard.
l
• • • • • • •
At at wo rk / at sc hool at the statio n / at the airpo rt at the p ost offi ce / at th e sup ermarket at Jan e ’s (h o use) / at my sister ’s (h ou se) / at the doc tor ’s / at the hairdresser ’s, etc. l i
“ Where ’s Kate? " “ She ’s at work." Do you w ant me to me et yo u at the station? 1 saw yo ur brother at the post office today. A: Where were yo u yesterday? B: At my sister ’ s. 1 saw Tom at the doctor ’s. There weren ’t m any p eople at the party.
•
씨 씨
J
‘a
뼈
i
V
ι
“
(
。
P
j
’ // I ’
따
m
l
때
o
b
m
따
따
‘d
/ ,,/
• • • •
•
You can say be / stay home or be / stay at home (with or w ithout at) • Is Tom at home ? or Is Tom home ? O ften it is p ossible to use at or in for buildings (h otels, restaurants, etc.): • We staye d at a n ice h otel. or We stayed in a nice h o tel. Yo u can say at school or in school , but there is a differen ce. Sh e ’s at sch ool = sh e ’s th ere n ow • “ W h ere ’s yo ur sister? Is sh e h om e?"
“ No , sh e ’s at school."
Sh e ’s in sch ool = sh e ’s a stu de nt (in high sch ool / college / m edical sc hool , etc.) • “ Does yo ur sister have a j ob ?" “ N o , sh e ’s still in school." On
on a bus
on the second f1 00r
on the way from A to B
on a bu s / on a train / on a pla n e / on a sh ip
•
D id yo u com e h ere on the bus ?
on th e firs t f1 00r (or ground f1 oo r) , on the second f1 oo r, et c.
•
T h e offi ce is on the second floor . (not in the second f1 oor)
on th e way (to ... ) / on the way ho m e
•
1 m et Ann on the way to work / on the way h om e.
on a street
•
M y bro ther lives on a ni ce stree t
in/a t!on (places 1) • Unit 107 to/in/at • Unit 109 on the left! right • Unit110
U N
Exercises 108.1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Use in/af/on. 1. (the hospital)
2. (the airport)
4. (a ship)
3. (bed)
tÝI""
A /f< PO /2.1'
5. (the sky) @
jf
”·‘
# ‘?
6. (a party)
7. (the doctor's)
8. (the second floor)
*
‘
덤
9. (work)
a
d
pl
뼈
m(
‘
12. (a wedding)
1 1. (a taxi)
멀
)
、」 〔
뼈
@ι
「、〕
m
{/
1 ·
ν 1
잉
aι
외
[/-(/.
i
)
외
야 야 야
9ι
m n n
9ι
is she? /n the hosvltal are they? is he? are they? are the stars? are they?
9ι
Where Where Where Where Where 6. Where
W m ’n -e W m n JUa g W m ’n r > mM m m mM m -3m W aL m m pι
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
7 8 9
3
,/-
108.2 Write in/af/on.
“ No , she ’s 요t schoo l." There was a big table the middle of the room. What is the longest river the world? Were there many people the concert last night? Will you be home tomorrow afternoon? Who is the man this picture? Do you know him? “ 1s your son going to get married soon?" “ No , he ’s sti11 co11ege." Gary is coming by bus. 1’ m going to meet him the station. Charlie is the hospita l. He had an operation yesterday How many pages are there this book? the plane." “ Are you hungry after your trip?" “ Yes , there was nothing to eat the way here. 1’ m sorry 1’ m late. My car broke down “ 1s Tom here?" “ No , he ’s his brother's.' ’ Don ’t believe everything you read the newspaper! 1 walked to work , but 1 came home the bus. A: (on the phone) Can 1 speak to Anne , please? B: N 0 , sorry. She ’ 11 be the university until 5: 00 toda y.
1. “ Where ’s your sister? 1s she home?"
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 1 1. 12. 13 14. 15. 16.
217
to In at (places 3) To
In/ at (• Units 106-1 07)
go/ come / return / walk (etc‘) to . ..
be / stay / do something (et c.) in .
- to NewYork
• • • •
We ’ re going to NewYork on Sunday. 1 want to go to Mexico n ext yea r. We walked from my h ouse to the mall. What time do yo u go to bed?
• • • •
The Statue of Lib erty is in N ew York. M y brother lives in Mexico . T h e best stores are in the mall. 1 like to read in bed.
휴’
口D口口
뿔
be / stay / do something (etc.) at ...
-
DEPARTURES
.: ::, ~
‘:::::.
• • • •
T h e bus is going to the airport. Karen didn ’t go to work yesterday. 1 went to a party last night. We ’d like yo u to come to our house
• • • •
T he bus is at the airport . Sarah wasn ’ t at work yesterday. 1 met a lot of people at the party. Helen stayed at her brother ’s house.
Home go / come / walk (etc.) home (without to) • 1’ m tired. 1’ m going home (not to home) • D id you walk home ?
be / stay (at) home ( u서 th or without at) • 1’ m staying home tonight. (o rI ’ m staying at home. ) But: do som ething (work , watch TV , et c.) at home • D an do esn ’ t go to an office. H e works at home
Arrive and get arrive in a country or town (arrive in Mexico / arrive in Tokyo , et c.): • T h ey arrived in Brazillast week. (not arrived to Brazil) arrive at other places (arrive at the station / arrive at work , etc.): • W h at time did you arrive at the hotel? (not arrive to the h otel) get to (a place): • What time did you get to the hote l? • W hat tim e did you get to Tokyo ? get home / arrive home (no prep osition): • 1 was tired w h en I got home. or 1 was tired w h en 1 arrived home . been to • Unit 16 get (to ... ) • Unit 57 in/at • Units 107-108
U N I T
Exercises 109.1 Write to or
in.
1. 1 like reading
2 3 4
tn
We ’re going Sue is on vacation right now. 1 have to go
bed. 1taly next month. Mexico
5. 1 was tired , so 1 stayed
bed.
6
What time do you usually go bed? 7 Does this bus go the airport? 8. Would you 1ike to live another co untry?
the bank toda y.
109.2 Write to or at if necessary. Sometimes no preposition is necessary. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Paula didn ’ t go_객으_ work yesterday. 1’ m tired. 1’ m gomg_二_ home 씨 ready complete) Tina is sick. She went the docto r. Would you like to CO l11 e a party on Saturday? “ Is Liz h om e?" “ N 0 , she went work." There were 20 ,000 people the footba l1 game Why did you go hO l11 e ea rl y last night? A boy jumped into the river and swam the other side. There were a lot of people waiting th e bus stop We had dinner a restaurant , and then we went ba ck
109.3 Write 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 1 1. 12. 13. 14
the h otel
to , at, or in if necessary. Sometimes no preposition is necessary.
]oe is coming t0 l11 0rrow. 1’ m me eting hi l11 _깅t the airpor t. We ’re going a concert t0 l11 0rrow night. 1 went C hile last yea r. How long did yo u stay C hile ? N ext year we hop e to go ]apan to visit S0 l11 e friend s. th e l11 0vies tonight? Do you want to go Did you park your ca r the sta tion? After the accident , three people were taken the hospi ta l. th e dentist? How often do you go Helen 's.' ’ “ Is Sarah here?" “ No , she ’s My house is the end of the block on the left Maria ’s hous e , but she wasn ’ t hO l11 e. 1 went There were no taxis, so we had to walk hO l11 e. “ Who did you l11 ee t the party?" “ 1 didn ’ t go the party."
109.4 Write to , at, or in if necessary. Sometimes the sentence is already complete , and no word is necessary. 1. What ti l11 e do you usually get work? 2. What ti l11 e do you usually get home? 3. What ti l11 e did you arrive the party?
4. When did yo u arrive Dallas? 5 매1 hat ti l11 e does th e plane get Paris? 6. We arrived home very late
109.5 Complete these sentences about yourself. Use 0rning 1 was in bed Yesterday 1 went At 1 1: 00 yesterday l11 0rning 1 was One day 1’d 1ike to go 1 don ’t like going At 9:00 last night 1 was
1. At 3:00 this
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
tolinlat.
l11
219
next to, between , under, etc. N ext to / between / in front of / in back of t .Eric
Alice is nex t to Bob. or Alice is beside Bob Bob is between Alice and Carla. Don is in front of Bob. Eric is in back of Bob.
t .Carla Alice
r
“t
L
”e ( u
im‘
m m m
p
때 )
ob
in front of Chris ι;
C
Fm
-NQ
t o R mx 6om m cuo
다
/
A m A m .””
”샤
ø
織 뼈織
Bruce
R
q
염 m 영m 영m
/
me me
(야
Across fro l11
때삐
m ·u m C ·u m & .J M Mm
뿔 빼·삐
짜
o
m Lm m
By (= next to)
• • •
Who is that man standing by the window ? Our house is by the ocean . (= next to the ocean) If you feel cold , w hy don ’t you sit by the fire ?
by the window
Under
• • •
under the table
The cat is under the table . The girl is standing under a tree . 1’ m wearing a jacket under l11y coat.
under a tree
p
‘
gI
m .m e α
et c. • Unit 111 by • Unit112
、J
up/overκhrough ，
9」
B
B is below the line . (= lower than th e line)
圖탤렐 l圖
뻐 1
A
A is above the line (= higher than the line)
n
熾 없
Above and below
T h e shelves are below the pictures .
U N I T
Exercises 110.1 Where are the people in the picture? Complete the sentences. Alan
~
Donna
Barbara
Kevin
Emily
Fred
In back of
1. Kevin is standing
Fred Emily. Barbara Donna and Fred Emily. Kevin. Donna. left. middle.
2. Fred is sitting 3. Emily is sitting 4 Emily is sitting 5 Donna is sitting 6 Fred is sitting 7. Alan is standing 8. Alan is standing 9 Barbara is standing
110.2 look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
3
2.
4.
* 5
‘ '//
.-.:、
8
7.
6.
•
1 1.
10
9.
,
LEfT \1.
Anna the table. The cat is under the house. There is a big tree the clouds. 3. The plane is flying the piano. 4 She is standing the righ t. 5 The movie theater is the phone. 6. She ’s sitting
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
1 2
Paul
The calendar is The cabinet is There are some shoes The plant is Paul is sitting In ]apan people drive
the clock. the sink. the bed the piano Anna the left.
110.3 Write sentences about the picture. supermarket Paul ’s office
theater 1.
(next to)
깨 ebα nk
is next to the
bookstore 2.
(in front o f) The
3.
(across
4.
(next to)
5.
(above)
6.
(between)
in front of
산om)
221
up, over, through , etc. to
•
• • •
Jane is go ing to France next week We walked from the hotel to the station. A lot of English words come from Latin.
• •
We jumped into the water A man came out of the house and got ínto a ca r. Why are yo u looking out of the window? 1 took the old batteries out of the radio.
• • into (in)
끽 on
over
•
through
- - 『 •
from
•
We say put something in . .. (not usually into): • 1 put new batteries in the radio. • • • • •
Don ’t put your feet on the table Please take your feet off the table. 1’ m going to hang some pictures on the wall. Be careful! Don ’ t fall off yo ur bicycle. We got on the bus downtown.
• •
We walked up the hill to the house Be careful! Don't fall down the stairs.
• • •
The plane flew over the mountains. 1 jumped over the wall into the garden Some people say it is unlucky to walk under a ladde r.
• • • l l
out of
3
off
!까 i
•
under around
A bird flew into the room through a window. The old highway goes through the town . The new road goes around the town The bus stop is just around the corne r. 1 walked around the town and took some plctures.
around the town
past
get in/on , etc
•
• • •
1 was walking along the road with my dog. Let ’s go for a walk along the river. The dog swam across the rive r.
• •
They walked past me without speaking A: Excuse me , how do 1 get to the hospital? B: Go along this street , past the movie theater, under the bridge , and the hospital is on the left
Unit 57 in/on • Units 107-108 to • Unit 109 fall off / run away, etc
across
hospital movie theater
’
. bridge
•
Unit 115
U N I T
Exercises 111.1 Somebody asks you how to get to a place. You say which way to go. Look at the pictures and write sentences beginning Go ....
‘
‘k
U
[
)
”
the steps
F
‘
Go ..
this street
7
μ 』
6.
n F
니
m
the church
띠
딛으」죄싶
Excuse me , where is . 7
U U
111.2 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. 4
3.
-
9.
2. 3.
4.
5.
The dog swam A bo o k fell A plan e tlew A woman got A girl ran
across
the rive r. the shel f. the town. the ca r. the street.
6. Suddenly a ca r ca m e the co rne r. 7. They drove the town 8 They got the train 9. The moon travels the ea rth 10. They got th e hou se a windo w.
111.3 Complete the sentences. Use over/from/to , et c. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1 looked the window and watched th e p eople in the street the corne r. My hou se is n ea r h ere. It ’s Just “ Where ’s my pho n e?" “ You put it yo ur bag." How far is it here the airport? We walked the mu se um for an hour and saw a lot of interesting things. You ca n put yo ur coat the back of th e c h ai r. In tennis , you have to hit the ball the net. Silvia took a key h er b ag and opened the door
223
at by with about
on On on on on on on on
vacatlon television the radio the phone fire time (= not late)
• • • • • l
Jane isn ’t at work this week. She ’s on vacation. We watched the news on television. We listened to the news on the radio . 1 spoke to R achel on the phone last night . T he ho use is on fire ! Call the fire department . “ Was the train late?" “ N o , it was on time."
At at (the age o f) 21 / at 50 kilometers an hour / at 100 degrees , etc.: • Lisa got married at 2 1. (or ... at the age of 2 1.) • A car uses more gas at 70 miles an hour than at 55 • Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius .
By
by bus
by car / by bus / by plane / by bike , etc.: • Do yo u like traveling by train ? • Jane usually goes to work by bike
====
but on foot :
•
You can ’ t get there by car.Yo u have to go on foot. (= you have to walk)
a book by ... / a painting by ... / a pi ece of mu sic by ... , etc. : • H ave yo u read any books by Charles Dickens? l ￦ho is that painting by? Picasso? by a감 e r
the passive (• Unit 22) 1 was bitten by a dog.
•
on foot
the title by the Iν n ter
With/ Without • D id yo u stay at a hotel or with friends ? • Wait for me. Please don ’t go without me. • D o you like your coffee with or without milk? • 1 cut the paper with a pair of scissors a man with a beard / a wom an with glasses , etc. : • Do yo u know that man with the beard? • 1’d like to have a house with a big yard .
a man with a beard
About talk/ speak/ think/ hear/ know about • So me people talk about their work all the time. • 1 don ’t know much about cars. a book / a question / a program / information , etc. about . .. : • T here was a program about volc anoes on TV last nigh t. Did you see it?
by •
U 미 ts
22 , 64, 110 at!on •
Units 104, 107-108 preposition + -ing • Unit 113
a woman with glasses
U N I T
Exercises 112.1 Complete the sentences. Use on + these words: the phone
time
television
on the radio
1. We heard th e news
vacat lO n
•
2. Please don ’t be late. Try to get here • 3. I won ’t be here next week . I ’ m gomg " 4. “ Did you see Linda?" “ N 0 , but I talked to h er tonight?" “ N othing that I want to watch." 5 “ What ’s
112.2 Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with at/by/with , et c. 2.
4.
3.
Sunny ... cold
10.
-
-
@
short hair? the weather
4. They are talking
‘/
。。
3. Who is the woman
5. The car is
me
7. 8. 9. 10.
She ’s listening to some music Mozar t. The plane is f1 ying 600 miles an hou r. They ’ re vacatJOn. Do you know the man m He ’s reading a book Vera P. Bull. 띠
-
b
•L
6.
빽
-
@
a pair of
야
)
ri
w맥
Lμ
w
야
녕 m
쩌따
이/-
I cut the paper x mn m t L
빼
1.
fire
112.3 Complete the sentences. Use at/by/with , et c. 1. In tennis , you hit the ball a racket 2. I (’s cold toda y. Don ’ t go o ut a coat 3. Hamlet, Othello , and Macbeth are plays William Shakespeare. computers? 4. Do you know anything 5. My grandmother died the age of 98 plane? 6 . How long does it take to go from NewYork to Los Angeles 7. I didn ’ t go to the footba ll game , but I watched it television. the red door on the right 8. My house is the one 9. T h ese trains are very fast. They can travel very high speeds. ca r. There ’s no road 10. You can ’ t get there 11. Can you give me some information h otels in this town? 12. 1 was arrested two police offìcers and taken to the police station. time 13. The buses h ere are very good. They ’ re almost always 14. What wo uld you like to drink your mea l? 15. We traveled from Los Angeles to Seattle train. 16. The museum has some paintings Frida Kahlo.
225
afraid of ... , good at ... , etc. of/atlfor, etc. (prepositions) + -ing Afraid of ... I good at .. . , etc.
μφectíve
“ m r·l
|’ m not
very good at math.
M k”
때때’
깨 셔야
Help!
+ prepos itío써
He 's afraid of me ’~'-
• ._.~"'_-_ .:.!';';r . :c.." _'••"
'''' . ~'''' _ 5
. __
..
- ~::-'! :" ~~-'""，
afraid of.
•
Are yo u afraid of dogs?
angry / mad at somebody
•
Why are yo u mad at me? What did 1 do?
angry / mad about something
•
Are you angry about last night? (= something that happened last night)
different from .
•
Lisa is very different from her siste r.
fed up with
•
1’ m fed up with my job. 1 want to do something different. (= 1’ ve h ad enough of my job)
full of ...
•
The room was full of people .
good at .
•
Are you good at math?
bad at ...
•
Tina is very bad at tennis.
interested in
•
1’ m not interested in sports.
married to ...
•
Sue is married to a dentis t. (= her hu sband is a dentist)
nice / kind of somebody to
•
It was kind of yo u to help us. Thank yo u very much
be nice / kind to somebody
•
David is very
sorry about a situation
•
1’ m afraid 1 can't h elp yo u. 1’ m sorry about that.
sorry for / about doing something
•
1’ m sorry for / about not calling you yesterday. (or 1’ m sorry 1 didn ’t call you)
be / feel sorry for somebody
•
1 feel sorry for them. T hey are in a very difficult situ ation.
삼 iendly.
He ’s always very nice to me.
Of/ at/ for , etc. + -ing After a preposition (of/ at / for , etc.) , a verb ends in -ing: I’ m not very good at Are you fed up with I ’ m sorry for Thank yo u for Mark is thinking of Tom left without After
telling doing not calling helping buying • saymg doing
stones. the same thing every day? you yesterda y. me a ne 、IV ca r. goodbye. (= he didn ’t say goodbye) the housework , they went shopping.
before/after -ing • Unit 106 think aboutlof • Unit114
U N I T
Exercises 113.1 look at the pictures and complete the sentences with oflwithl in , etc. 1
Woof!
2.
6. Can I help you?
4.
3.
~ ll kgx ;lll I speak Japanese, Russian , Spanish . ’
This is my husband.
1
He ’s afraid
2
She ’s interested
languages. 4. She ’s very good the weather 5. He ’s fed up 6. A: Can 1 help you? B: Thanks , that ’s very kind you.
dogs sC1 ence.
3 ‘ She ’s married
‘
a
soccer playe r.
113.2 Complete the sentences with inloflabout, et c. 1. 1’ m not interested 2.
I으_
sports.
1’ 111 not very good
3.
sports 1 like Sarah. She ’s always very ni ce
4.
1’ 111 so rry
me.
5.
yo ur broken window. 1t was an accident He ’s very brave. He isn ’ t afraid anything.
6.
It was very nice
7.
Life today is very diffe rent
Jane to let us stay in her apartment.
8
Are you interested 9. 1 feel sorry
10 11
life 50 years ago.
politi cs? her , but I can ’ t help her
Chris was angry
what happened
These boxes arε very heavy. They are fu ll
12. What ’s wrong? Are you
n1eP
ll1 ad
113.3 Complete the sentences. 1. l ' 111 not very ----fJ ood at te l/in(J 2.
I wanted to go to the
3.
Sue isn ’ t very
4.
Let ’s go! I ’ m
1l1 0vies
books
stories. (good / te ll)
, but Paula wasn ’t
. (interested / go) up in the 111orning. (goo d / get) (fed up / wait)
5. 1’ 111
you up in the middle of the night (sorry / wake)
6. Sorry 1’ m late!
. (thank you / wait)
113.4 Complete the sentences. Use without -ing. 1. (To m left / he didn ’ t say goodbye) 7om le잠 without sayin (J (J oodbye 2.
(S ue walked past me / she didn ’t speak)
3.
Sue walked (don ’t do anything / ask m e fir st)
Don ’ t 4. (I went out / 1 didn ’ t lock the door)
113.5 Write sentences about yourself. 1. (interested) 1','m interested in 5oorts 2.
(a fraid)
I’ m
3. 4.
(not very good) (not interested)
I ’ m not
5.
(fed up)
227
listen to ... , look at ... , etc. (verb + preposition) A m an stopp ed m e and asked m e for m on ey.
belong to .
•
Do es this boo k belong to you ? (= Is this your book ?)
happen to . ..
•
1 can ’t find my pen. What ’s happened to it?
listen to ...
•
Listen to this music. It ’s great .
look at .
• •
He ’s looking at his watch Look at these f1 owers! They ’re beautifu l. Why are you looking at me like that? % s ---m m’K
•
·띠 맹
H e
m
g n
Uω
s nn l
삐뼈
p」
••
look for
9 ~
14
S
cun
‘
π
이n
·m
>
여
m 영
m
뼈
///
때 빼
빼빠
，뼈
m ‘
’’ ”mr
π빼
•
야
ask (so m eb o dy) for
V /
•
• take care of.
Did yo u talk to Paul about the problem ? (on the phone) C an 1 speak to C hris, please?
•
When Pat is at work , a fri end of h ers takes care of h er children. D o n ’t lose this book. Take care of it.
thank so m ebody for .. .
•
Thank yo u very much for yo ur h elp.
think about . or think of .
• •
H e n ever thinks about (or o f) other people. M ark is thinking of (or about) buying a n ew computer.
wait for .. .
•
Wait for m e. 1’ m almost ready.
write (to) ...
•
1 tried calling the company, but they didn ’t answe r, so 1 wrote to them . (or 1 wrote them)
•
Call , e-mail , and text call somebody , e-mail somebody , text somebody (n o preposition) • 1 have to call my parents to nigh t. (η ot call to .. .) • A : Co uld yo u use yo ur cell pho ne w h en yo u were in Europe? B: N o. My friends and fa mily e-mailed m e instead of calling. • Let Sam kn ow w h ere to m eet us. E-mail o r text him befo re he leaves work Depend We say depend on • A: D o yo u like eating in restaurants? B : Som etimes. It depends on the restau ra nt. (not it depends o f) You can say it depends what/ where / how , etc. , w ith or w ithout on: • A: D o yo u want to com e out w ith us? B: It depends where yo u ’re go ing. or It depends on where yo u ’re going
wait • Unit 55 preposition + -ing • Unit 113
U N
Exercises 114.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with tolforlat, et c. 1
4.
3.
2.
Paul
5
6.
Where ’5 Tom
、‘、
Jane
at
1. She ’s looking
her watch. the radio. a tax 1.
2. He ’s listening 3. They ’re waltmg
4. Paul is talking 5. They ’ re looking 6. Sue is looking
Sue Jane. a plcture. Tom
114.2 Complete the sentences with a preposition (tolforlabout , etc.) if necessary. 1. Thank you very much (o r your help 2. 3.
4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
15. 16 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
This isn't my umbrella. It belongs a [riend of mine. Who ’s going to take care your dog while you're out of town? (on the phone) Can 1 speak Steven Davis , pleasε? φ n the phone) Thank you calling. Goodbye. Excuse me , 1’ m looking Hill Street. Can you tell me where it is? We ’re thinking going to Australia next yea r. We asked the waiter tea , but he brought us coffee. “ Do you like to read books?" “ It depends the book." John was talking , but nobody was listening what he was saying. the camera and smile. 1 want to take your picture. Please look We waited Karen until 2:00 , but she didn ’ t come. What happened Ella last night? Why didn ’ t she come to the party? Don ’t forget to call your mother tonight He ’s alone all day. He never talks anybody. “ How much does it cost to stay at this hote!?" “ It depends the room." It will be faster if you e-mail me , but you can also write me at this address Catherine is thinking changing jobs 1 looked the newspaper, but 1 didn ’t read it carefully. When you ’re sick , you need somebody to take care you. Barry is looking a job. He wants to work in a hotel 1 don ’t want everyone to hear my conversation with Jane. 1’ II text he r.
114.3 Answer these questions with It depends ....
m?·P·?·?· /t devends where vou're aoinα m /t deoends on the restaur，α nt.
π
νJ 、
뼈 빠m 염(따
·
퍼
1 i
뻐따샤씨 m 영
짧
잉
」u
qa
띠
5. 6.
l
1vJ
삐
끼、 ι
,
잉
?ι
44
I k W w ut • % @ ‘ D o O J Ke t O m DO W t m w ” C n W m O 띠
1i
It depends m
Are you leaving town this weekend? Can you lend me some money?
229
go in , fall off, run away, etc. (phrasal verbs 1) A phrasal verb is a verb (go/ look/ be , etc.)
+ in/ out/ up / down , etc. out
ln
•
•
get tn Kate op ened the doo r of the car and got in. (= into th e car) 1 waited o utside th e sto re. 1 didn ’t go in.
•
•
look out 1 we nt to the window and looked out. A car stopp ed , and a wo m an got out (= out of the ca r)
off
on
Jall oJf -'
get on •
T h e bus cam e , and 1 got on.
•
down
up
• • •
stand up Sh e stood up and left th e roo m . 1 usua11y get up ea rly. (= ge t o ut of b ed) We looked up at the stars in the sky.
• •
•
Jall
T h e picture fell down . 찌10 uld yo u like to sit down ? Lie down o n th e f1 00 r.
doψn
back
away or off
y
• •
B e careful! Don ’t fall off.
”
come back
“n away
T h e thief ran away. (or ... ran off) E mma go t into th e ca r and drove away . (or . .. drove off)
• •
Go away and do n 't come back l We we nt o ut for dinner and th en went back to o ur h o te l.
be / go away (= in/ to an o ther place) • T im h as gone away fo r a few days.
be back • Tim is away. H e ’ 11 be back o n M o nday.
over
around 、 、
move over • •
pull
0νer
T h ere was an empty seat , so h e moved over. 1 was tired of driving and pulled over.
• •
“셔f“
tu rn around So m ebo dy sh o uted l11y nam e , so 1 turned around . We went fo r a long walk. After an h o ur we turned around and went back.
get • Unit 57 put on / take otf, et c. (phrasal verbs 2) • Unit 116 more phrasal verbs • Appendix 6
U N I T
Exercises
115.1 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use these verbs + inloutlup , etc. got
5.
looked
got
Hello!
rode
6
sat
turned
、lV ent
3.
4.
7.
8.
1!.uS
1 went to the window and 2. The doo r was open , so we 3 H e h ea rd a plan e, so he 4. She go t on her bike and
/ooked out
‘
5. 1 sa id hell o , and h e 6. T he bu s stopp ed , and sh e 7. Th ere was a free sea t , so she 8 A ca r stopp ed , and two l11 en
115.2 Complete the sentences. Use out/away/back , et c.
1
“ What happ en ed to th e pi cture o n the wall?"
“ It fell
d쁘
"
2. Please do n ’t wa lk 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10 .
. 1 have sOl11 ething to tell yo u. Lisa h eard a noise in back of h er, so she turned to see what it w as . 1’ 111 going now to do sO l11 e shopping. 1’ 11 be at 5: 00 . 1’ 111 really tired. 1’ 111 go in g to lie on the sofa . > 1 ca n ’ t see the 1110vie sc reen. Wo uld yo u pl ease m ove M ark is fro l11 Utah . H e lives in Bosto n now, but he wa nts to go to U tah We do n ’ t have a key to th e ho use , so we ca n ’ t get 1 was ve ry tired this 1110rning. 1 co uldn ’ t ge t A: “ When are yo u go ing ?" B “ O n th e fifth. And 1’ m co m 1l1 g on th e twe nty- fourth."
115.3 Before you do this exercise , study the verbs in Appendix 6 (page 242). Complete the sentences. Choose a verb from the box + on/off/up , et c. If necessarι put the verb into the correct form. break fall 1.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
slow speak
take
work
+ along/ o n / off/ u p / down / over/ out
9 L
hu
빼
삐
야
ω 빽니
없때
1 we nt to sleep at 10:00 and 잉쁘브g at 8 :00 the next mo rnin g “ It ’s tlme to go ” “ a minute. 1’ m not rea dy ye t." T h e train and finally stopped . 1 like flying , but 1’ m always n ervo us w h en the plane To ny doesn ’ t see hi s sister mu ch . T h ey don ’t ve ry well. 1t ’S diffi cult to h ea r yo u . Ca n yo u a littl e? m any tlmes T his car isn't ve ry good. It has 껴f h e n babies try to walk , th ey so m etimes Be n isn ’ t in goo d shape beca use he does n ’t at the gym anymo re. h e 1 1 tri ed to find a j ob , but 1 O R % % ’m ’ m? T h e fire alarm 뎌
11 .
go hold
때
10.
get glve
231
put on your shoes (phrasal verbs 2)
put your shoes on
Sometimes a phrasal verb (put on / take o ff, et c.) has an
j
v m /
puton
빼
‘,‘
•
Jω
%
object your coat
For example:
xω 빠
verb put on
0ψect.
m
take off
.... You can say: put on your coat or put your coat on
You can say take off your shoes or take your shoes off
빽
m
Some more phrasal verbs
와
nm r- ’s WJ
m
아πn
, Pl
r i
따
ψ
••
띠내
But it/ them (p ronounυ always go before on / off, etc.: put it on (not put on it) -t nv U m m mm • |
+
·n
m
•
take them off (not take off them) 1’ m going to take off my shoes. (or take my shoes off) Your shoes are dirty. Take them off.
0 씬ect
’ turn on / turn off (lights , machines , faucets , etc.): • •
It was dark , so 1 turned on the ligh t. (or 1 turned the light on) 1 don ’ t want to watch this program You can turn it off.
pick up / put down: • •
on
pick
turn off
μp
off
put down
Those are my keys on the floo r. Can you pick them up for me? 1 stopped reading and put my book down. (or put down my book)
bring back / take back / give back / put bac k: • • • •
You can take my umbrella , but please bring it back. 1 took my new sweater back to the store. It was too small for me 1 have Rachel ’s keys. 1 have to give them back to he r. 1 read the letter and then put it back in the envelope.
90 in / fall off, et c. (phrasal verbs 1) •
take
Unit 115 more phrasal verbs + object • Appendix 7
brù쟁
back
U N I T
Exercises 116.1 Look at the pictures. What did these people do? 2.
1.
3.
/ ’、
5.
4
t urned
1. He
on the I'aht
She 5. He 6. She 4.
She 3. He 2.
116.2 You can write these sentences in three different ways. Complete the table.
I turned the radlo on
1 turned on the radio 2.
He put on his jacke t.
He
3.
She
Shε
4.
1 picked up the phone.
5.
They gave back the key.
I turned It on He
took her glasses off.
We turned the lights off.
6.
116.3 Complete the sentences. Use these verbs with bring back
pick up
take back
it or them.
turn off
1. 1 wanted to watch something on television , so 1 2. My new lamp doesn ’t work. 1’ m going to
turned It on to the store. and put them
3. There were some gloves on the floor , so 1 on the table. 4. When 1 finished working on the computer, 1 5. Thank you for lending me these books. 1 won ’ t forget to
따
뼈 i
·빵
M
뼈
116.4 Before you do this exercise , study the verbs in Appendix 7 (page 243). Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs. Sometimes you will also need to use itlthemlme.
--m
j
m
put out showaround
“‘“ν “
....:1 ........... -‘
“ ‘J
....
.a‘
try on
throwaway
1.
T h ey _프똥__ a lot of houses
2.
That music is very loud. Can you turn It down ? 1 a glass and broke it. " “ What does this word mean?" “ Here ’s a dictionary. You can 1 want to keep these magazines. Please don ’t 1 a pair of shoes at the store , but 1 didn ’ t buy them. 1 visited a school last week. One of the teachers after a month." “ Do you play the piano?" “ No , I started to learn , but 1 Somebody gave me a form and told me to Smoking isn ’ t allowed here. Please your C1 garette
3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10.
d약ι_ when they built the new road.
233
APPENDIX 1
Active and passive 1.1
Present and past Active Simple present
• • l
Simple past
Present continuous
Past continuous
Present perfect
Past perfect
1.2
Passive
• • • •
We make butter from milk. Somebody cleans these rooms every day. People never invite me to partles. How do they make butter?
• Somebody stole my car last • week. Somebody stole my keys • yesterday. They didn ’ t invite me to the • party When did they build these • houses? • • • • • • •
Butter is made from millι These rooms are cleaned every day. 1 am never invited to parties. How is butter made?
l
My car was stolen last week.
l
My keys were stolen yesterday
• When were these houses built? • 1 wasn ’ t invited to the party.
They are building a new airport at this time. (= it i s 마 finished) They are b u ildin g some new houses near the river When 1 was here a few years ago , they were building a new airport. (= it wasn ’t finished at that time)
l
A new airport is being bui1t at this time. Some new houses are being built near the rive r.
• When 1 was here a few years • ago, a new air port was being built
Look! They have painted the door These shirts are clean. Somebody has washed them Somebody has stolen my ca r. Tina said that somebody had stolen her ca r.
• • • •
Look! The door has been painted. These shirts are clean. They have been washed. My car has been stolen Tina said that her car had been stolen.
WiII l can I must I have to , etc. A ctive
Passive
• • • • •
So mebody will clean the o ffi ce tomorrow. Som ebody must clean the o ffi ce at nigh t. 1 think they ’ II invite you to th e party. They can ’ t repair my watch. You should wash this swea ter by hand
• • • • •
Th e o ffi ce will be cleaned t01110 rrow. T he offi ce must be cleaned at ni ght. 1 think yo u ’ II be invited to th e party M y watch can ’ t be repaired. This swea ter should be washed by hand.
• • •
They are going to build a new airp ort. So mebo dy has to wash these clo thes. Th ey had to take the injured man to th e hospital
• • •
A new airpo rt is going to be built. Th ese clo th es have to be washed. The injured man had to be taken to the hospital
APPENDIX 1
235
APPENDIX 2
List of irregular verbs see Unit 25 Iηfinítive
Símple past
Past participle
Infinítíve
Simple past
Past partíciple
be
was/were
been
lie
lay
lain
beat
beat
beaten
light
lit
become
became
become
lose
begin
began
begun
make
1it lost made
bite
bit
bitten
mean
blow
blew
blown
meet
break
broke
broken
bring
brought
build
built
brought built
pay put
buy
bought
catch
lost made
meant (ment) * meant (ment) * met met paid paid put
put
quít
qmt
qmt
bought
read (reed) *
read (red) *
read (red) *
caught
caught
ride
rode
ridden
choose
chose
chosen
I ring
rang
rung
come
came
come
nse
rose
nsen
cost
cost
cost
run
ran
run
cut
cut
cut
say
said (sed) *
said (sed) *
do
did
done
see
sa、v
seen
draw
drew
drawn
sell
sold
sold
drink
drank drove
send shine
sent shone
sent
drive
drunk driven
eat
ate
eaten
shoot
shot
fall feel
fell
fallen
show
showed
felt
felt
shut
shut
•
•
sang
•
shone shot shown shut
fight find
fought
fought
smg
found
found
Slt
sat
sung sat
fly forget
flew
flown
sleep
slept
slept
forgot
forgotten
speak
spoke
spoken
get • glve
got gave went
gotten glven
spend stand
spent
steal
grew
gone grown
spent stood stole
s、IVlm
s、;v am
stood stolen swum
hang
hung
hung
take
took
taken
have
had
had
teach
taught
taught
hear hide
heard hid
heard
tear
tore
torn
hidden
tell
told
told
hit
hit
hit
think
thought
thought
hold
held
held
throw
threw
thrown
hurt
hurt
hurt
understood
understood
keep know
kept knew left
kept known
understand wake
woke wore
woken worn
won
won
wrote
、;v ntten
go grow
leave lend
lent
left lent
let
let
let
236 APPENDIX 2
•
“rear •
、IVln
•
wnte
* pronuncíatíon
APPENDIX 3
Irregular verbs in groups The simple past and past participle are the same:
2.
‘ M
팩뼈
k
feel leave m eet m ea n
3
brin g buy fight thin k
• -•
• •
Slt
2
& m ‘ m
broken chosen spoken woken
st이 en
•
drive ride n se
• •
• driven • ridden • risen -• written
drove rode rose wrote
、v nt e
-
bea t bit e h ide
• beat -• bit • hid
•
eat fa ll forge t ge t glve see take
-
-
f
‘
tl
-
-• -
-•
• • •
felt left met meant (ment) *
3
brought bought fought thought
• •
caught taught
•
• •
sold told
find h ave h ea r hold read say
• • • • •
found had heard (herd) * held read (red) * said (sed) *
뼈 때
• •
stand u n ders tand
5
e
-• stood •
• • • • •
-• blew • grew -• knew -•
threw flew
-• • -• • -•
blown grown known thrown flown
draw
•
drew
•
drawn
show
•
showed •
shown
begin drink sW lm
• • -•
began drank s、v am
nng smg
• •
rang sang
•
run
-•
ran
-• run
m
-
ate fell forgot got gave
-
• begun • drunk -• s 、lV um
•
rung sung
understood 6.
* pronunciation
• • • • -• sa、v • took
au. v
빼뼈
•
4
• •
beaten bitten hidden
eaten fallen forgotten gotten given seen taken
w ’m m
sell tell
e
-
lost shot lit sat
• • •
• • • •
-• woke
얘
4.
-
lose -• shoo t • light •
lent sent spent built
@
broke
wake
r·U 비 야
cat ch t each
•
뼈빠 ‘‘
lend se nd sp end build
shut
-• •
mi
•
야 J
hurt
qUl t
put q Ul t shut
brea k
않
hit
•
1
빼띠
-• -• -•
cost cut hit hurt
-• let
past and past paκiciple are di야rent: 4 ω
-
let put
sil1ψ e
샤씨 m 싸
cost cut
The
come become •
-• came became •
come become
APPENDIX 3 237
APPENDIX 4
Short forms he’s/I'd/don ’ t , etc. 4.1
In spoken English we usually pronounce 1 am as one word. The short form (1끼1) is a way of writing this:
• ít ís -• they have •
I ’m lt ’s they ’ ve , etc.
Iam
• •
•
1’ m feeling tired this morning “ Do yo u like this jacket?" “ Yes , it ’s n1ce.” “ Where are your fri ends?" “ They ’ ve gone home."
When we write short forms , we use ’ 씨t apostrophe) I )(m • I ’ m he Xs• he ’ s you 짜'<(ve → you ’ v e she y.::tll • she ’ 11
4.2 We use these forms with I/helshe, et c.: am 1S are have has had will would
-+
’m
•
성
’re • ’ ve • ’s -• ’d -• ’ 11 -• ’d
I ’m he ’s
she ’s
it ’s 、lVe ’ ve
you ’re you ’ ve
they ’re they ’ ve
we ’d we ’ 11 we ’d
you ’d you ’ 11 you ’d
they ’d they ’ 11 they ’d
、lVe ’re
-+
I ’ ve I ’d I ’ 11 I ’d
he ’s he ’d he ’ 11 he ’d
she ’s she ’d she ’ 11 she ’d
•
1’ ve got some new shoes.
• •
We ’ 11 probably go out tonight. It ’ s 10:00. You ’ re late aga in.
it ’s
’ s = is or has: • •
She ’ s going out tonigh t. (she ’ s going = she is going) She ’ s gone out. (she ’ s gone = she has gone)
’ d = would or had • A: What wo uld you like to eat? B: 1’ d like a salad , please. (1’ d like = 1 would like) • 1 told the police that 1’ d lost my passpor t. (1’ d lost = 1 had lost) Do not us e ’ m l ’ sl ’ d , etc. at the end of a sentence (see Unit 41 ): • “ Are yo u tired?" “ Yes , 1 am. " (not Yes , 1’ m.) • She isn’ t tired , but he is. (not he ’ s) 4.3
We use short forms with I/youlhelshe , etc., but you can use short forms (especially 's) with other words , too: • Who ’ s your favor ite singer? (= who is) • What ’ s the time? (= what is ) • There ’ s a big tree in the ya rd. (= there is ) • My sister ’ s worki ng in London. (= my sister is working) • Paul ’ s gone ou t. (= Paul has gone out) • What color ’ s yo ur ca r? (= What colo r is yo ur ca r?)
238 APPENDIX 4
APPENDIX 4
Short forms he’5/1 ’ d / don't, etc. 4.4
Negative short forms (see Unit 44): isn ’ t aren ’ t wasn ’ t weren ’ t hasn ’ t haven ’ t hadn ’ t • •
• •
4.5
(= (= (= (= (= (= (=
is not) are not) w as n ot) w ere no t) h as n o t) h ave no t) had no t)
(= do not) don ’ t doesn ’ t (= doe s not) (= did not) didn ’ t
can ’ t couldn ’ t won ’ t wouldn ’ t shouldn ’ t mustn ’ t
(= (= (= (= (= (=
cannot) could not) will not) would not) should not) must not)
W e we nt to h er ho use , but she wasn ’ t at ho m e. “ Where ’s D av id ?" “ 1 don ’ t know. 1 haven ’ t see n him. " Yo u wo rk all th e time. Yo u shouldn ’ t wo rk so h ard 1 won ’ t be h ere to mo rrow. (= 1 w ill n ot)
's (apostrophe + s) ’ s ca n m ea n di fferent things : (1) ’ s = is or has (see sec ti o n 4.2 of thi s app endi x) (2) let ’ s = let us (see U ni t 37) • It ’s a b ea utiful day. Let ’ s go outsid e. (= Let us go outsid e.) her ca m era (3) K ate ’ s ca m e ra my bro th er ’ s ca r = hi s ca r the m an age r ’ s office = hi s/ h er office , etc (see Unit 65) C omp are • Kate ’ s camera was ver y ex pe nsive . (Kate ’ s ca m era = her ca m era ) • Kate ’ s a ver y good photo graphe r. (Kate ’ s = Kate is ) • Kate ’ s go t a n ew ca m era. (K ate ’ s got = K ate has got)
APPENDIX 4 239
5.1
Words + -5 and -e5 (birds/watches. et c.)
noun + s (plural) (see Unit 67) bird -• birds mistake -• mistakes
hotel
verb + s (he / shelit -s ) (see Unit 5) think -• thinks live -• lives
remember -• remembers
•
hotels
but
짧빼떼
• •
r
η
찌빼
+ es after -s I -sh I -ch I -x bus • buses dish -• dishes watch -• watches box • boxes
addres s • addresses finish • finishes sandwich -• sandwiches
““ @m
also potato • potato es do • does
tomato -+ tomatoes go • go es
-f I -fe • -ves shelf • shelves 5.2
knife -• knives
Words ending in -y (baby •
but
babies / study •
%
m ‘‘” l
copied
-γ
• -ier I -iest (see Units 88 , 91) easy • easier/easiest (not easyer/easyest) happy • happier I happiest heavy -• heavier/ heaviest
-y • -ily (see Unit 87) easy • easily (η ot easyly) happy • happily
heavy •
lucky -• luckier I luckiest funny • funnier Ifunn iest
he avily
lucky •
y does not change to i if the ending is -ay I -ey I -oy I -uy: holiday • holidays (not holidaies) enj oy • enj oys / e 빙 oyed stay • st ays / stayed buy •
but say •
said
240 APPENDIX 5
pay •
paid
(irregular verbs)
luckily
buys
key • keys
사M 7
‘
빼
copy •
m
·없
marry -• married
(
-y -• -ied (see Unit 11) study • studied (not studyed) try • tried
”y • nVJ • n
’h J
얘뼈 ·없
city -• clties marry -• marries
「
U
싸‘
(섭
ku
總 없
π“
야
n“v •
•
roofs
studied. etc.)
-y • -les study • studies (not studys) 0
roof •
VJ
5.3
-mg Verbs that end in -e (make / write / drive , etc.) -• 뼈 ng wnte -• wr1ting come • coming make • making Verbs that end in -ie -• -ying: lie • lying die • dying
5.4
stop •
tle •
dance •
dancing
tymg
stopped , big -• bigger, et c.
Vowels and conso nants: VOlν el letters: a e Consonant letters: b c
O
I
d
U
f
g
k
1
m
n
p
r
s
t
w
Y
Sometimes a word ends in a vowel + a consonant. For exa mple : stop , big , ge t Before -ingl -ed l -er I -est , th e co nso nant (p / g / t , etc.) beco m es pp l gg / tt , etc. For exa mple
stop run get s 、'1 1m
big hot thin
V+C ST 0 P RU N G E T SW I M B I G H 0 T TH I N
p • n -+ t -+ m -+ g • t -+ n -•
stoppmg runn1ng gettmg SW1 tt1tt1 1ng bigger hotter thinn er
pp nn tt tt1tt1
gg tt nn
stopp ed
V C
= vowel consonant
biggest hottes t thinn est
This do es rlO t happ en: (1) ifthe word end s in two
h elp work fast
C+C HE L P WO R K FA S T
helping working faster
helped worked fastest
(2) if the word ends in two vowelletters + a consonant letter (V + V + C)
need walt cheap
V+V+ C N E E D w A I T CH E A P
needing wal t1 ng cheap er
needed wait ed cheap est
(3) in longer words (two syll abl es or mo re) ifthe las t part ofthe wo rd is not stressed
happen VlSlt remember
stress HAP-pen VIS-it re-MEM-ber
• happening/ happened (nothappenned) • visiting/ visited -• remembering/ remembered
but prefer begin (4)
pre-FER be-GIN
(stress at the en씨 • (stress at the end) •
preferring/ preferred beginning
ifthe word ends in -y or -w. (At the end ofwords , y and w are not conso n ants.) enjoy • enjoying / enjoy ed snow • snowing / snowed few • fewerlfew es t
APPENDIX 5
241
APPENDIX 6
Phrasal verbs take off / give Up, etc. This is a list of some important phrasal verbs (see Unit 115). look out / watch out = be cardμl • Look out! T h ere ’s a car comlng work out = exercíse (to becom e stronger or more fit) • Sarah works out at the gym two or three times a week. on
Iνork
out
come on = be quick / h μ rry • Come on! Everybody is waiting for yo u . --
go on = contmue • I ’ m sorry I interrupted. Go on . (= continue wha t you were saying) • H ow long will th is h o t weather go on?
용t
Hold on a mlnute.
keep on = continue (ta lki ng, etc.) • I asked them to be qui et , but they kept on talking.
〈훌
hold on = waít • Can you hold on a m inute? (= can you wait?)
OR
take off = leaue the ground Ubr p la%sj take qf • T h e plane took off 20 minutes late but arrived on time go off = explode μ bomb, etc.) or ríng μ n alarm , an alarm clock , etc.) • A bomb went off and caused a lot of damage. • A car alarm goes off if som eb ody tries to break in to the ca r.
go off
clean up = make neat or clean • After the party, it took two ho urs to clean up . give up = stop trymg • I know it ’s difficult , bu t don ’t give up . (= don ’t stop trying) grow up = become an adult • What does you r son want to do when h e grows up ?
행때@
hurry up = do somethí~앵 more quick ly • Hurry up ! We don ’ t h ave m u ch time .
grow up
speak up = speak more loudly • I can't hear yo u . Can yo u speak up , please?
wake up
wake up = stop sleepíng • I often wake up in th e middle of the nigh t. do얻으
slow down = go more slowly • You ’re driving too fast . Slow down !
‘
break do1vn •
break down = stop working (for cars, machínes, etc.) • Sue was very late because h er car broke down . get along = be together !νítho μ t problems • Sam doesn ’t visit his parents often. He doesn ’t get along with his fa the r. over
fall over = lose your balance • I fell over because my sh oes were too big for me .
242 APPENDIX 6
Jall over
Phrasal verbs + object put out a fire / try on clothes , etc.
APPENDIX 7
T his is a li st ofsome important phrasa l verbs + object (see Unit 116) . fill out a form = complete a Jorm • Can you fill out this form , please?
out
put out a fire, a cigarette , etc. • The fire department arrived and put the fire out. cross out a mistake , a word , et c. • If yo u make a mistake , cross it out.
put out
cross out
try on clothes = put on c/ othes to see if they fit you • (in a store) Where can 1 try these pants on? give up something = stop doing / having so mething • Sue gave up her job when her baby was born. (= she stopped working) • Tom's doctor told him he had to give up smoking. look up a word in a dictionary, etc. • 1 didn ’t know the meaning of the word , so 1 looked it up in a dictionar y. turn up the TV, radio , music , heat , et c. = make it louder or warmer • Can you turn the radio up ? 1 can ’ t h ear it. wake up somebody who is sleeping • 1 have to get up early tomorrow. Can yo u wake me up at 6:30? down
tear down a building = demolish it • They are going to tear down the sc hool and build a new one.
tear dOlνn
turn down the T V, radio , music , heat , et c. = make it quieter or less warm • T h e music is too loud. Can you turn it down ? knock over a cup , a glass , a person , etc. • Be carefu l. Don ’ t knock your cup over
knock over I throw away garbage , things you don ’t want • T hese apples are bad. Should 1 throw them away? • Don ’ t throw away that picture. 1 want it
throwaway
put something away = pμ t it in the place 1ν here you usually keep it • After they finished playing , the children put their toys away. pay somebody back = give back money that you borrowed • T h ank yo u for lending me the money. 1’ 11 pay you back n ext week. around
“
show somebody around = take somebody on a to r oJ a place l 재le visited a factory last week. The manager showed us around .
APPENDIX 7
243
Additional Exercises List of exerc ises 1-2 3
am/is/are
4
5-7 8-9 10-13 14 15 16-18 19-22 23 24-27 28 29 30-31 32 33-34 35
Present continuous Simple present Simple present, am/is/are and have (got) Present continuous and simple present was/were and simple past Simple past and past continuous Present and past Present perfect Present perfect and simple past Present, past, and present perfect Passive Future Past , present, and future Past , present, and future -ing and to . .. a and the Prepositions
Units 1-2 Units 3-4 Units 5-7 Units 1-2, 5-7, 9 Units 3-8 Units 10-12 Units 11-14 Units 3-14 Units 16-21 Units 19-21 Units 3-21 Units 22-23 , Appendix 1 Units 26-29 Units 3-21 , 26-29 Units 3-23 , 26-29, 53 , 55 , 99, 106 Units 52-56 , 106 , 113 Units 66 , 70-74 Units 104-109, 112
Units 1-2
amlislare 1
Write sentences for the pictures. Use the words in the boxes + islisn'f/are/aren'f. 2.
3.
Lisa
Kate 5.
No, th ank yo u.
6
Gary
Kate The children Gary The books The hotel The bus
on the table hungry asleep o l' eft full near the station a doctor }UI:I'I' Y
244 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
1
Th e windows are otJ en ‘
2
Lisa isn't hal?J2.ν
3. Kate 4. 5 6 7 8.
2
Complete the senterπes. your pa rents?"
3. “ Is Anna at home?" 4. 5. 6 7. 8 9.
I'rη
“ T’h
thirsty." mr m ”
/
「
H ow are
2. “
“ No , but
야
1 “ Are you hungry?"
L
at work- ,,
“ No , my keys?"
“ On your desk."
American or Canadian?
Where is Pau l from?
very hot today. The temperature is 38 degrees Celsius. “ Are you a teacher?" “ No , a student." “ your umbrella?" “ Green- ” in the parking lot? Where ’ s your car? t1red? ” “ No , 1’m fine." 10. ?" “ Seventy- five dollars." 11 “ These shoes are nice. How
Units 3-4
Present continuous (I 'm working I are you working?, etc.) 3
Use the words in parentheses to write sentences. 1. A: Where are your parents?
7nev're watchina 7v
B:
(they / watch / TV)
2. A: Paula is go ing ou t.
Where's she
B:
3. A:
매There ’ s
α o/na 2
(where / she / go?)
David? (he / take / a shower) (the children / play? )
B
4. A: B ’ No , they ’ re asleep .
(it / rain?)
5. A: B: No , not any more. 6. A: Where are Sue and Steve?
(they / come / now) (why / you / stand / here?) (1 / wait / for somebody)
B‘
7. A ’ B:
SJmple pres~!1t (! lIIfork I she doesn'f work I do you work?, etc.) 4
Units 5-7
Complete the sentences. Use the simple present.
1.
Sue always get5 Wedon't watch
2. 3. How often
to work early.
(Sue / always / get)
TV very often . do y ou was h your hair? to go. {J「.
rL
go out tonight? m l p l
L 따k아
to
따 아
4. 1 want to go to the movies , but 5.
1 )
매That
9ι
이a
12. A B
〔
6. 7. very much. 8. 1 enjoy traveling , but in the morning? 9 매That time 10. My parents are usually at home at nigh t. very often. 11. work at 5:00. i
?
in a hote l.
(we / not / watch) (you / wash) (Sam / not / want) (you / want) (Helen / live) (Sarah / know) (1 / not / travel) (you / usually / get up) (they / not / go out) (Tom / always / leave)
(J ulia / do) (she / work)
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
245
Simple present, amlislare and have (got) 5
Read the questions and Claire’ s answers. Then write sentences about Claire. 1 2
3 4
5 6 7
8. 9.
6
Units 1-2, 5-7 , 9
Are you married? Do you live in Houston? Are you a student? Do you have a car? Do you go out a lot? Do you have a lot of friends? Do you like Houston? Do you like to dance? Are you interested in sports?
No. Yes. I Yes. I I No. I Yes. I I I I I
Cla ire
1
~\
2
WJ ~\
3
Fl '-~I
4
~→'ß I
5
Yes. ‘1 ~ • • "‘ No Yes. I No
‘
She isn't married She lives in Hous ton
6 .용
**
7
8.
9.
Complete the questions. 1
이Ihat's
your name
?
married? ?
Where
any children? P
How
2
>
?
yourjob? a car? to work by car?
?
in NewYork? 7
Write sentences from these words. AII the sentences are present. 1. (Sar빼 a찌 h often
2. (my par앤en 따 nt s
I tennis) I a new car)
곁으찍띤쩍 5 샘 ι .Qft. 밟효~/2.생 싹 E ys te째 감 enr nn νnt 띠ιparents have a new caκ 띠ιparents
have aot a new M.v shoes are dirtι
3. (my shoes I dirty) 4. (Sonia I 32 years old) Sonia 5. (1 I two sisters) 6. (we often I TV at night) 7. (J ane never I a hat) 8. (my car I a flat tire) 9. (these flowers I beautiful) 10. (Mary I German very well)
246 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
OR
caκ
j
sa
L m ’
”e @
r
‘r 1
3 -
l
얹
M
: @
aL
ι
?
my b
뼈 탱뺑
?
l ’S
π
Who is this man
I ’m 29. 1 work in a supermarke t. N 0 , 1 hate i t. Yes , 1 do. No , 1 usually go by bus
과 κM 뾰 π
3
Brian Yes , 1 am. On State Street . Yes , a daughte r. She ’ s three.
P_resent continuous (1 ’'m working) and simple present (1 work) 8
Units 3-8
Complete the sentences.
4
Jack (play) the piano very well
3.
(I/Ieave)
6
5.
What
(”v nu ,
「
(I/wo rk) .
으으gιg으_ (you/go) to the movies a 1017
때
2
미
ea.se be quie t.
/
4
(itlrain) Can I take this umbrella?
row. Goodbye!
이p~
7.
8.
9
Excuse me ,
(I/not/wa tch ) TV very much.
(we/look) for the museum
9
What ’5 this word? How (yo u/pronounce) it?
Which is righ t? 1. “ 3 ‘ ; γou socakiru!' / Do vou socak English?"
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12
“ Yes , a little."
(Do yo “ speak is right)
Sometimes we ’ re going / we go away o n wee kend s 1t ’ s a nice day today. The sun is shining / shin es. ( You meet Kate in the street.) Hello , K ate. Where are vo u going / do vou go? How often are vou taking / do vo u take a vaca tion? Emily is a writ e r. She ’s writing / She writes children ’s books. 1’ m never rea ding / 1 neve r rea d newspapers. “매T her e are Michael and Jan e?" “ T h ev ’ re watching / Thev watch TV in th e liv in g room. " Helen is in her office. She ’ s talking / She talk S to some bo dy. What time are vou usu allv hav ing / do vo u usuallv h ave dinner? John isn ’ t at home right n ow. He ’ s visiting / He visi ts so me friend s. “ Would you like some coffee?" “ No , th anks. 1’ m n ot drinking / 1 don ’ t drink coffee."
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 247
"'!..a~/were
an_d_ simpJe past (1 worked I did you work?, etc.) 10
Units 10-12
Complete the sentences. Use one word only. 1. I got up early and
t으으ι
a showe r.
2. Tom was tired last night , so he to bed early 3. I this pen on the floor. Is it yours? 4. Kate got married when she 23 5. Helen is learning to drive. She her first lesson yesterday. 6. “ I ’ ve got a new job." “ Yes , I know. David me. 7. “ Where did you buy that book?" “ It was a presen t. Jane 1t to n16. ” 8. We hungry, so we had something to ea t. 9. “ Did you enjoy the movie?" “ Yes , I it was very good." 10 “ Did Andy come to your party?" “ No , we him , but he didn ’ t come."
11
Look at the questions and Kevin ’ s answers. Write sentences about Kevin when he was a child. Kevin @
When you were a child . . . Were you ta ll? Did you like school? Were you good at sports? Did you play soccer? Did you work hard at schoo l? Did you have a lot of friends? Did you have a bicycle? Were you a quiet child?
12
He wosn't tol/ He liked schoo/
2.
He
3. 4 5 6 7 8.
Complete the questions.
• i
?•
Did 왜님으ve
a nice vacation?
끼、) 4→--」 J ιu
ιheι깅μι으ιßQ
;
there? the Bahamas? ?
good? back?
7/
13
I I I I I I
No. Yes. Yes. Yes. No. Yes. No. No
ι)
Yes , it was great , thanks. To the Bahamas. Five days. Yes , very much. I have friends there , so 1 stayed with them. Yes , it was warm and sunny. Yesterday.
Put the verb in the right form (positive. negative. or question). 1. It was a good party.
2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
“-으년J!Qι깅뜨
I 잭따양ι
it. (I / enjoy)
the di shes?" (you / do)
“ No ,
I didn't hove,
time." (I / have) “ Did you call Adam?" “ No , I ’m sorry , ." (I / forget) it? (you / get) I 1i ke your new watch. Where to her. (I / speak) I saw Lucy at the party , but A: a nice weekend? (you / have) B: Yes , I visited some friends ofmine. Paul wasn ’ t well yesterday, so to work. (he / go) “ Is Mary here?" “ Yes , five minutes ago." (she / arrive) Where before he moved herε? (Robert / live) The restaurant wasn ’ t expensive very much. (the meal / cost)
248 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
~Jmple pas~
(1 14
J/ lI)forke d} and past continuous
Units 11-14
was working)
Complete the sentences. Use the simple past or past continuous.
2. Jane
m
It
w,-as r0 1n1n g
went
딴3
Good morni ng‘
When 1 arri ve d at the o ffi ce , J an e and Paul (w o rk) at their d es ks.
(rain) w h en we
(go) o ut.
3.
Paul
4.
M 끼A
Sue
(o pe n ) the w i n dow beca u se it was h o t.
Th e ph o n e Sue
5.
6
(rin g) w h e n (coo k) di n n er 三.
Tom
so 1 w indow. 7
Tom (l ook) o u t of the w indow w h en th e accid ent (happ en ) .
(h ea r) a n o ise o utside , (l oo k) o ut of the
8
Richard
Ri ch ard h ad a b ook in hi s h and , but h e (n o t / rea d ) i t. He (wa tch ) T V.
I Erin b o u g ht a m agaz in e , but sh e I I
(n o t / rea d ) it . Sh e did n ’ t h ave tim e. Hi , Kate!
10.
9.
쩡좁
Kate
and res tauran t.
(fini sh ) lunch , (pay) th e bill , (l eave) the
morning . 1 alo n g the stree t and sh e (wa it) fo r the bu s
(see) K ate thi s (wa lk)
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 249
Units 3-14
Present and past 15
Complete the sentences. Use one of these forms: simple present (1 work / drive , etc.) simple past (1 worked / drove , etc.) 1. Yo u can turn off the T V. 1 ’m
2. 3. 4
5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10 . 1 1. 12.
present continuous (1 arn working / driving , etc.) past co ntinuous (1 was workingl driving , et c.)
not watchin9
(n o t I watch) it. Las t night Jenny -lell (fa ll) asleep while sh e was readinι_ (read) Listen! Somebody (pl ay) the piano. “ Do yo u have my key?" “ No , 1 (g ive) it back to yo u. " David is very lazy. He (not I like) to work h ard. Where (yo ur p are nts I go) on vaca tion last year? 1 (see) D iane yes terday. She (d ri ve) h er n ew ca r. A: (you I watch) TV ve ry much? B: No , 1 don ’ t h ave a T V. A: What (you I d o) at 6:00 last Sunday morning? B: 1 was in bed asleep. Andy isn't at h ome very much. He (g이 out a lo t 1 (try) to find a job right n ow. It ’ s very h ard. 1’ m tired thi s morning. 1 (n o t I sleep ) very welllas t ni g h t.
Present perfect (I have done I she has been, etc.) 16
Units 16-21
Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the present perfect.
1
2.
Who ’ s that man?
Is this a good book? “
11
1
|
3.
don ’ t know. lve never seen
1
don ’ t know.
him before
It
4.
l’ m loo king for Juli a her?
More coffee?
-
‘ Yes , she was here a few minutes aqo.
250 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
No, thanks. enough .
5
6.
to Chile?
here ?
How long
。
떤Q]
=Jr·:흑
--'i
Yes , I went there a few years ago. 7.
Since 2005
8.
Do you know Alan? Alan
,
t
” u 1
매
메
~t p
매
”t
띠
17
‘
빼
Yes , we each other for yea rs
인
r
빼
π川
n
Complete the sentences (1 , 2, or 3 words). 1. Mark and Liz are m arried. They
have been
m arri ed for five yea rs.
아닝
리
맥야
Jιi
1i
9ι
m ω 「 」
…
잉
Pι
「/
야앵
」V
아‘
2 . David ha s been watching TV _효띠뜨_ 5:00 at work since 8 :30 3. Martin is at work. H e “ No , I ’ ve bee n h ere 4. “ Did yo u just arrive in Miami?" we were in hi gh schoo l. 5. 1’ ve kn own H elen ” /0 @ mL r 3 “ Really? H ow long ja -m m --J ’h G 20 years . n。
Some friends of ours are stay in g with us. They
18 Complete the sentences. Write about yourself. 1. 1’ ve never ridden a horse. 2. 1’ ve been to ι10ntreal many tllnes . 3. 1’ ve Just 4. 1’ ve (o nce / twice / a few times / many times) 5. 1 haven ’ t 6. 1’ ve never slnce 7. 1’ ve for 8. 1’ ve
five days." there? "
here since Monday.
yet
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 251
P-"es~nt perf~_ctJ~ hav~ done,
simple past (1 diëJ, etc.) 19
Units 19-21
etc.) and
Present perfect or simple pas t? Complete the sentences (positive or negative). 1.
2.
3. 4.
5.
A: Do you like London? B: 1 don ’ t know. 1 fJa ven't been there. A: Have you seen Kate? B: Yes , 1 saw her five minutes ago A: That ’ s a nice sweate r. Is it new? B: Ye s , 1 it last week. A: Are you tired this morning? B: Yes , 1 to bed lat e last nigh t. A: Is the new French movie good?
B ’ Yes , reall y good. 1 it three times. 6. A: Do you like your new job? B: 1 My first day is next Monday 7. A: The weather isn't very ni ce today, is it? B: No , butit nice yesterday 8. A: Was Helen at the party on Saturday? B: 1 don ’ t think so . 1 h e r there. 9. A: Is your son still in schoo l?
B: No , he
college two years ago.
10. A: Is Silvia married? B: Yes , she 11. A ’ Have you heard of George Washington? B: Of course. He 12. A: How long does it take to make a pizza? B: 1 don ’ t know. 1
20
married for five years. the first president of the United States. a plzza.
Write sentences with the present perfect or simple past.
A: B: 2. A: B: 3. A: 1.
B:
4. A: B: 5. A: B’
6. A: B: 7. A: B: 8. A: B: 9. A ’
Have you been to Thailand? Yes , I went there /αst vea r.
(1 / go / there / la st year)
Do you like London? 1 don ’ t know. I've never been there.
(1 / never / there )
찌T here
is Paul these day s? He ’ s living in Chicago. He Has Catherine gone home? Yes , New York is my favorite city It is?
You look tired. Yes , 1 ca n ’ t find my address book. Have yo u see n it?
(live / there / since la st May) (s he / leave / at 4:00 ) ? (how many times / you / there? )
(I / tired / all day) (it / on the table / last night)
Do you know the ]apanese restaurant on First Street?
Yes , Paula and Sue a re here. B: Are they?
252 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
(1 / eat / there a few times ) ? (what time / they / get / here?)
21
Present perfect or simple pas t? Complete the sentences.
H ave you been
1. A:
to France?
B: Yes , many times A: When B: Two years ago
the last time?
It >
it yesterda y.
Where do you live?
B: On Maple Street. A: How long B: Five years. Before that on Mill Road A: How long Mill Road? B: About three years
22
/
J
3. A: Where do yo u live?
4. A: B: A: B‘ A: B:
「
n ”v
.r
떼
>
삐
r
애
2. A: ls thi s yo ur car' B: Yes , it is A: How long B: It ’s new. 1
What do yo u do ? 1 work in a store How long N ea rly two years What
there?
011
there? before that? a taxi drive r.
1
What do you do?
Write sentences about yourself. 1. (yesterday morning)
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
I was late {or work yesterday morning.
(l ast night) (yesterday afternoon) ( ... days ago) (l ast week) (l ast year)
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 253
Present, past, and present perfect 23
Units 3-21
Which is right? 1 “
/5
Sue
workina길딩
A Does Sue work?
“ No , she ’s on vacat1on ”
"
B 1s working Sue?
2. “ Where
C Is Sue working? ?”
A lives your uncle
“ In Dallas."
B does your uncle live
C your uncle lives
3. 1 speak Italian , but
4. “ W here ’ s Tom?"
C 1 doesn ’t speak
“
A He ’ s taking
D do es live your uncle
French
B 1’m not speaking
A 1 no speak
D Does work Sue?
D 1 don ’t speak
a shower at the moment."
B He take
C H e takes
5. Why
D H e h as taken
angry with 111e yes terday?
A were yo u
C you were
B was yo u
D have you been
6 . My favorite 1110vie is Cleo's Dream AI ’m seeing
B 1 see
it fo ur times
C 1 was seeing
7. 1
DI ’ ve seen
out las t night. 1 was to o tired
A don ’ t go
B didn ’ t went
C didn ’t go
D haven ’ t gone
8. Liz is fro111 C hi cago. Sh e A is living
B ha s lived
there all h er life . C lives
D lived
9. My friend A waited
for m e when 1 arrived. B h as waited
C was waltmg
10. “ How long
D has been waiting
E n g li sh? "
A do you learn
B are yo u learning
“ Six month s."
C yo u are lea rning
D have you been learning
11. J oel is Canadian , but h e lives in P eru. H e h as been there A for three years 12.
“ 낸I h at
B since three yea rs
ti m e
D during three yea rs
“ A bout an hour ago." C did Lisa ca ll D is Lisa calling ?”
A has Lisa called
B Lisa h as ca lled
13. What
when yo u saw h er ?
A did Sue wear
B was Sue wearing
14. “ Can you drive?" A 1 never drive
C three years ago
“ No , B 1’ m n ever driving
C has Sue worn
D was wearing Sue a ca r , but 1 want to lea rn."
CI ’ ve never driven
D 1 was never driving
15. 1 saw Helen at the st ation w hen 1 was going to work this 1110rning , but sh e 111e A didn ’ t see
B don ’ t see
254 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
C hasn't seen
D didn ’ t saw
Units 22-23 , Appendix 1
Passive 24
Complete the sentences.
9
%t
、
ην
η01ν
m ι
m
4
These houses were built (build) 20 years ago. Before that there was a movie theater here , but the building (damage) in a fire and had to (tear down).
in the past
η ow
3
This bridge (build) in 1955. Now it (use) by hundreds of people every day. The bridge (paint) now
I 4.
; q
JOHNSON’SBlCYCLES 헛5
This street Strεet. 1t used to Hill Strεet ， but the name (change) a few years ago.
25
This is a
bicyclε
factory. Bicycles (make) here since 196 1. It ’s the largest bicycle factory in the country. Thousands of bicycles (produce) here every yea r.
Complete the sentences. 2. 3. 4.
5 6. 7 8. 9. 10.
Were
In vlted
(invite) to the party , but we didn ’ t go. (visit) by thousands of people. The museum is very popula r. Every year it (damage) in the storm last week. Many buildings (build) nεxt yea r. A new road is going to (clean). It will be rεady tomorrow." “ Where ’ s your jacket?" “ It (forget) . She ’ s famous now , but in a few years her name wi11 “ Are you happy with your washing machine?" “ Not really. It (repair) three times since we bought i t." (keep) in a fridge Milk should (you / ever / bite) by a snake? (steal) from my car yesterday afternoon My bag
1. We
26
(ca11) Kennedy (ca11)
‘‘ ~
Write a new sentence with the same meaning. 1. Somebody has stolen my keys.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Somebody Somebody Somebody Somebody Somebody Somebody
stole my car last week. wants you on the phone. has eaten a11 the bananas. wi11 repair the machine. is watching us. has to do the housework.
M.Y-....앨): : 5 have been stolen My car You A11 the The We The
•
•
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 255
27
Active or passive? Complete the sentences. 1. They
are buildlng
(build) a new airport now. 2. These shirts are clean now. They hα ve been washed
3 “ How did you fa ll?" “ Somebody 4. “ How did you fall?" “I 5. 1 can't find my bag. Somebody 6. My watch is broken. It 7. Who 8. When 9. These shirts are clean now. They 10. These shirts are clean now. 1 11. The letter was for me , so why 12. The information will
w ere
OR
washed (push) me."
(push) ." (take) it! (repair) at the momen t. (invent) the camera? (the camera / invent)? (wash) (wash) them. (they / send) it to you? (send) to you as soon as possible.
Future 28
(wash)
Units 26-29
Which is the best alternative? 1.
W'e're
havlna (8)
a party next Sunday. 1 hope you can come.
B We ’re having
A We have
C We ’ 11 have
2. Do you know about Karen?
her job. She told me last week
B She ’s going to qu1t
A She quits
C She ’ 11 quit
3. There ’ s a program on TV that 1 want to watch.
B It ’s starting
A It starts
in five minutes.
C It wi11 start
4. The weather is nice now, but 1 think
B it ’ s rammg
A it rains
late r.
C it will rain
5. “ What
next weekend?"
B are you doing
A do you do
“ Nothing. 1 have no plans."
C will you do
6. “ When you see Tina , can you ask her to ca11 me?"
A 1 ask
B 1’m going to ask
B 1’ m going to have
8. Don’ t take that A 1 read
nεwspaper
“
away.
lt
C 1’ 11 read
9. Rachel is sick , so
to the party tomorrow night B she isn't coming
C she won ’ t come
10. 1 want to meet Sarah at the station. What time A does her train arrive
B is her train going to arrive “ No ,
11. “ Will you be at home tomorrow night?" A 1 go out
B 1’m going out
12
C 1’ 11 go out
you tomorrow?" A Do 1 ca11
tea , please."
C 1’ 11 have
B 1’m going to read
A she doesn ’ t come
her ”
C 1’ 11 ask
7. “ What would you like to drink , tea or coffee?" A 1 have
“ OK ,
B Am 1 going to call
256 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
“ Yes , fine."
C Sha11 1 ca11
P
C is her train arriving ”
Past, present, and future 29
Units 3-21 , 26-29
Complete the sentences. 1. A:
0id y ou 9 o
(you / go) out last night?
B: No , A: What B:
A: B: Yes , A: What movie B
(1 / stay) home. (you / do)? (1 / watch) TV. (you / go) out tomorrow night? (I / go) to the movies. (you / see)? (1 / not / know) .
2. A: Are you visiting here? B: Yes , wε are. A: How long
B:
(you / be) here? (we / arrive) yesterday. (you / stay) ? (you / like) it here? (we / have) a wonderful time. /
‘
/
1 ! ]
’
/
/
때
(I
빠
3. A: Oh ,
Are you visiting here?
뼈
A ’ And how long B: Until the end of next week. A: And B: Yes ,
(I / not / decide) ye t.
(Karen / call) while you were out. B: (she / always / call) when 1’ m not here. (she / leave) a message? (she / want) you to call her back as SOO I1 as possible. A: No , but (1 / ca l!) her now. B: OK , (you / know) her number? (I / get) it for you. A: 1t ’ s in my address book
4. A;’
(1 / go) out with Chris and Steve tonight (you / want) to come with us? (you / go)? B: Yes , where (you / ever / eat) A: To the 1talian restaurant on North Avenue. there? (1 / be) there two or three times. 1n fact 1 B: Yes , (go) there last night , but 1’ d love to go again!
5. A B
when A: We l!, them now , so where are they? B A: No ,
(I / lose) my glasses again. (you / see) them? (you / wear) thεm (1 / come) in (I / not / wear) (you / look) in the kitchen? (I / go) and look now.
F’ 챙캘 "' ~
‘w
ð
ef강 ’ •
•
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 257
Past, present, and future 30
Units 3-23 , 26-29, 53 , 55 , 99, 106
Rachel is talking about her best friend , Carolyn. Put the verbs in the correct form. Carolyn is my best friend. 1 remember very well the first time (1) (we / meet). It was our first day at high school , and (2) (we / sit) next to each other in the first class. (3) (we / not / know) any other students in our class , and so (4) (we / become) friends. We found that (5) (we / like) the same things , especially music and sports , and so (6) (we / spend) a lot of time together
Co..roL~ Yl
@
(7) (8)
~
Rachel
31
six months Carolyn (9) now (10) assistant. (11) next month , and when (12) (13)
(14 )
(we / finish) school five years ago , but (we / meet) as often as we can. For the last (be) in Mexico - right (she / work) in a school as a teaching (she / come) back to the States (she / come) back , (we / have) lots of things to talk about. (it / bε) really nice to see her again
Nick and his friend Jon are from London. They are traveling around the world. Read the e-mails between Nick and his parents , and put the verbs in the correct form.
Dear Mom and Dad , 매Te ’re
’’
in Los Angeles , the first stop on our round-the-world trip! (1) \!\Ie arnved (we / arrive) here yesterday, and now (2) (we / stay) at a hotel near the airport. The flight was twelve hours , but (3) (we / enjoy) it (4) (we / watch) some movies and (5) (sleep) for a few hours , which is unusual for me - usually (6) (1 / not / sleep) well on planes Today is a rest day for us and (7) (we / not / do) anything spεcial ， but tomorrow (8) (we / go) to Hollywood (9) (see) the movie studios. (1 이 (we / not / decide) yet what to do after Los Angeles. ]on (11) (want) to drive up the coast to San Francisco , but 1’ d prefer (12) (go) south to San Diego
1 hope all is well with you - (13) (1 / send) you another e-mail next week. Love , Nick
258 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
Nick
Pacific Ocean
7
‘
‘ ..,.
‘“‘-‘ ,, '
v
,
••
“ -‘
-
‘-‘-→ι->-. ........ ““.......... ~~
~
‘~‘，;."'“*，"，"，'
W
"
1
"， _ι“~“ MO"'"
-,,"
_"
"“_.d~
_ __
“ ‘ - - -- ' " “ ‘
Dear Nick Thanks for your e-mai l. lt ’s good to hear that (14) (you / have) a good time. We ’ re fine - Ellie andJo (15) (study) hard for their exams next month. Dad has been busy at work , and last week (16) (he / have) a lot ofimportant meetings. He ’s a little tired - 1 think (17) (he / need) a good rest Keep in touch! Love , Mom
A month later
Hi Mom and Dad ,
l
i
(18) (19) (20) (21) beautiful there and (22) before (23) (24) (25) (26)
(we / be) in California for a month now (we / get) back to Los Angeles yesterday after (see) many wonderful places. 1 think the place (1 / like) most was Yosemite National Park - it ’s (we / go) biking a lo t. The day (we / leave) , Jon (have) an accidεnt on his bike. Luckily (he / not / injure) , but the bike (damage).
(27) message: now (28) (not Tuesday). (29) (30) (31)
(we / change) our travε1 plans since my last (we / leave) for Hawaii on Monday (wε / stay) there for a week before (fly) to New Zealand. (that / be) different , 1’ m sure!
All the best to El 1ie and J 0 for their exams Love ,
‘‘
Nick r
•
• -…-“~~"".~
.
’
i
7• {
‘「
j
‘
”
“- .- ‘- --=-
Have a good time in Hawaii! Ellie and Jo (32) their exams yesterday - (33) (we / get) the results. (34) We ’ re all OK. Dad and 1 (35) vacation next month. (36) weeks - (37)
(,
L(
빼
Hi Nick ,
~----~-=
‘
(1 / let) you know when
(look) forward to our (we / go) to Italy for two (we / send) you an e-mail from there.
Take care! Lovε ，
Mom
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 259
Units 52-56, 106, 113
-ing and to . 32
Which is correc t? t o turn (8L
1. Don ’ t forget
B to turn
rli
%r
n 。、N.
B m o oδ
A
p~
C turning
뼈 뼈
?ι
I ’N
μω
A turn
off the light before you go out
C gomg
3. 1’ m sorry , but 1 don ’ t have time
B to talk
A for talking
to you now .
C talking
4. Gary is always in the kitchen. He enjoys
B to cook
A cook
•
C cooking
:). We ’ ve decided
away for a few days.
B to go
A go
C gomg
6. You ’ re making too much noise. Can you please stop
A shout
B to shout
C shouting
7. Would you like
A come
to
B to come
?
dinner on Sunday?
C coming
8. That bag is too heavy for you. Let me
A help
B to help
you
C helping
9. There ’ s a swimming pool near my house. 1 go
B to swimming
A to swim
C swimming
10. Did you use a dictionary A to translate B for translating
the letter? C for translate
1 1. 1’ d love
A have
every day.
a car like yours B to have
me with this bag , please?
12. Could you A help B to help 13. 1 don ’ t mind A sit B to sit
C helping here , but 1’ d prefer to sit by the window. C sitting {ιr
rn p
뱅
yo u
라
B me to help
C
뾰
14. Do you want A that 1 help
C having
15. 1 usually read the newspaper before A start B to start C starting
work.
16. 1 wasn't feeling very well , but the medicine made me C feeling A feel B to feel 17. Shall 1 call the restaurant A for reserve B for reserving 18. Tom looked at me without A say B saying C to say
260 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
bette r. a table?
C to reserve anything.
a and
the
33 Complete the
Units 66 , 70-74 senterκes.
, please 7
2.
。
뻐
the su낀ar
ι
1. ( Can you pass
nn Un” uu y u u
1 h
””
?
。
No , I can ’ t drive. r
3.
“
*ι “‘’‘
Yes , there ’5 some In
5
m 6.
I don ’ t feel very well I don ’ t want to go to
~
What do you do?
4.
Do we have any milk?
“-
What did you do last night? a
I went to
7
Shall we walk home?
'"
8
Can you play ?
No , let ’5 take
9
|’ m interested
in
Yes. but not ve rv we ll. 10.
What ’5 the difference between those cars? ‘
““
1
‘. , ‘
-
Nothing , they ’ re
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 261
34
Write a/an or the if necessary. If a/an/the are not necessary. leave an empty space (-). t쁘_ best player on your team? I don ’ t watch 二__ TV very often. “ Is there 뜨__ bank near here?" “ Yes , at t쁘_ end of this block." I can ’ t ride horse sky is very clear tonigh t. Do you live here , or are you tourist? 매fhat did you have for lu nch? Who was first president of United States? “ What time is it?" “ I don ’ t know. I don ’ t have watch." I' m sorry , but I ’ ve forgotten your name. I can never remember names. What time is next train to Boston? Ka te never sends e-mails. She prefers to call people. ‘애lhere ’ s Sue?" “ She ’ s in backyard." Excuse me , I ’m looking for Maj estic Hote l. Is it near here? Gary was sick last week , so he didn ’ t go to work Everest is highest mountain in world. I usually listen to radio whi1e I ’ m having breakfast I like sports. My favorite sport is basketba1 1. Julia is docto r. Her husband is art teacher My apartment is on second floo r. Turn 1eft at top of stairs , and it ’s on right dinner , we watched T V. After 1’ ve been to northern Mexico but not to south.
1. Who is
2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 2 1. 22.
Units 104-109, 112
Prepositions 35
Write a preposition (in/for/by, etc.). Iι_
1. He1en is studying math
9ι
얘
262 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
1μ
맺 얘ιM (냐 〔아 J↓ ω μ야 뼈
였
빼뼈
댄
college. 2. What is the longest river Europe? 3. Is there anything TV tonight? 4. We arrived the hote1 after midnigh t. 5 “ Where ’ s Mike?" “ He ’ s vacation. ” bed. 6. Tom hasn't gotten up ye t. He ’ s still 7. Lisa is away. She ’ s been away Monday. April 15 8. The next meeting is 9. We trave1ed across Canada traln. m T’h ’ e3 m M my coffee. ‘ U4 g? n Ke M ----six months. He didn ’ t like it very much. n Xrq t m r the party? l n I 1Q m, t Pi this photo. M The train was very slow. It stopped every stat lO n 15. I 1ike this room. I like the pictures the walls 16. “ Did you paint that picture?" “ No , it was given to me a friend of mine." 17. I ’ m going away a few days. I ’ 11 be back Thursday. 18. Si1via has gone Ita1y. She ’ s Mi1an right now. 19. Emma quit schoo1 sixteen and got a job a bookstore.
Study Guide This guide will help you decide which units you need to study. Each sentence can be completed using one or more ofthe alternatives (A , B , C , et c. ).You have to decide which alternative (A , B , C , etc.) is right. SOMETIMES MORE THAN ONE ALTERNATIVE IS CORRECT If you don ’t know or if you are not sure which alternatives are correct , study the unit(s) in the list on the righ t. You will find the correct sentence in the unit. There is an Answer Key to this Study Guide on page 306.
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE
W에 ICH
AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5}
Present Can you close the window, please?
1.1
B 1’m cold
A 1 cold
C 1 have cold
1. 2 Tom
in politics.
B not interested
B She has wearing
m?·n
「빽 뼈
뼈빠
ιm
d
1.7
A Is working Paul D Is Paul working 1. 8
1t
C 1 not watching
“ Yes , he is."
today?"
B Is work Paul
C Is Paul work
Look , there ’ s Emily!
m
The earth
sleεp
1.1 1 We
A not watch E watch not
B sleep often
M
obO
E n
oeo
”、…
A often
m
@
C Where ’s she going?
뼈
1.1 0 We
뼈
--
E
@
e
빼
C
。{ι
B go
A going
B Where she go?
뻐
A Where she is going? D Where she going? 1. 9
M
C She is wearing
1. 6 You can turn off the television. A m M B 1’ m not watching
D
빼
t
ab m
Look , there ’ s Sarah. A She wearing D She ’s 、lVeanng
e
「/
KQ
h m
Vι
외
B H w D H m
t
띠 ι
빼뼈
1.4 These postcards are nice. A How much are they? C How much they are?
C
따
A Is at home your mother C Is your mother at home
mι π
N Sk S c m ” B D @ s VJm D A R yO U
?"
1. 3
C doesn ’ t interested
빼빼
A isn’ t interested D doesn ’t mterest
1. 5
D It has cold
C often sleeping
D are often sleep
television very often. B doesn ’ t watch
C don ’ t watch
D don’ t watching
STUDY GUIDE 2 63
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHIC에 AN5WER 15 RIGHτ 5TUDY UNIT(5)
1.1 4
뼈 뼈뼈빼 핑
雄 뺑
p
뼈
d0
W 「
앙
OU
、
M
때싸
A don ’ t have E hasn’ t got
DI ’m work.
C are you usually do
y
a headache
뼈
-m·
빼야
-
‘v
m l
o
ob •t
때 π
rL
뺑
M
ιr
rL
B E
· @ι 니 --내
B taking
A do you usually D do you usually do PM ; ’t : A I a% e ’h -
4-- %
C does mean this word
C I ’ m working. ( m D C nt
B 1 work.
빼
Tom A takes
뼈뼈뼈
n
P
Please be quiet.
1.1 6 What
’li
u
I don ’t understand this sentence. What A mean this word B means this word D does this word mean E this word means
A I working 1.1 5
”
% ’K
E
ιι
00 you work D 00 you working
Vι
A
1.1 3
ιm
on Sundays?" “ N 0 , not usually." B m W C Ooes you work
1.1 2
C She has
m
D She ’s got
any children.
B doesn’ t have
C no have
D haven’ t got
Past 2.1 The weather A is nice B was nice
last week. C were nice D nice late this morning?
2.2 Why
B did you
A you was 2.3
2 .4
Terry A work
B working
E were you
C works
D worked
E was work
to the movies three times last week. B went
A didn ’ t watch D don ’ t watch
C goes
?”
A happened the accident C does the accident happen E the accident happened
E was
B did happen the accident D did the accident happen at 11 :30 yesterday? d, O d‘ O
팽m 녕
B E
“ 1 don ’ t know. 1 didn ’ t see it. ”
뼈없 없뼈
2.7 What A were you doing D were you do
D got
television yesterday. B didn ’ t watched C wasn't watched E didn ’ t watching
“ How
264 STUDY GUIDE
D you were
in a bank from 2001 to 2008.
2.5 1
2.6
C was you
Caroline A go
E had nice
C you were doing
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHτ 5TUDY UNIT(5)
T 「J
m
mγ
-O
샤 l
m
Pι
C were waiting
피
B waited
π
A wa ItI ng E werε waited
D
’
얘
I saw Lucy and Steve this morning. They
따
D was nngmg
C rang
없
2.9
B ring
E
η
A ringing
따
2.8 ]ack was reading a book when the phone
,
mtr
in a factory. Now he works in a supermarket.
2.10 Dave
A working E used to work
B works
C work
D use to work
Present perfect 3.1
“ Where ’s Rebecca?"
B She has gone
A She is gone E She ’s gone 3.2
1
B I seen
B ha s never traveled E have never traveled
C I ’ ve saw
D I ’ve seen
married? "
C is never traveled
“ Yes , C I know
3.7 Richard has been in Canada B since six months A for six months D in six nl.onths
We A don ’ t take E didn ’t took
3 .1 0 Where A you werε E were you
4d
’M
nF
rl
-/• m L
”
C six months ago
‘애1hen
did Tom leave?" “ B Since ten minutes A For ten minutes D In ten minutes
&
、i
BI ’ ve known
D I
D are you
맹뱅
“ Do you know Lisa?"
“ Since 1998."
C has you been
B you have been
whεre.
E I’ ve seemg
μm뻐
“ How long A you are E have you been
A I knew
3.9
C haven’ t already arrived
that woman before , but I can't remember
A 1 see
3.8
"
by plane. 셔잉
hU
3.4
3.6
D She have gone
야 μ
Vvι
R % ri U R % vL ’ b
Jα 뼈 뼈
야 U
*」
뻐
앉
MV/ s
A ’n % D ‘h %
3.5
C She goes
“ Are Diane and Paul here?" “ No , they A don't arrive yet B have already arrived G n D ·h 따
끼j
3
to bed."
“
”
C Ten minutes ago
a vacation last yea r. B haven ’t taken
C hasn ’ t taken
D didn’ t take
on Sunday afternoon? I couldn’ t find you B you have been
C was you
D have you been
STUDY GUIDE 265
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
This house A is built
C
B is building
4.2
We A didn ’ t lnvlte D wasn't invited
4.3
“ Where
D was built
E built
to the party last week. B didn’ t invited C weren ’t invited E haven’ t been invited
“ In Cairo." C was you D are you born?"
빽 빽
B you were
A you are
빽뼈
B E
ηU ‘
qa
뼈
때
M 니뼈
4 .4 1\t1. y car is at the garage. It A D
mγ m 염
mm
없
4.1
짧빼
Passive
E were you
C have been repaired
R
4.5 1 can’ t find my keys. 1 think A they ’ve been stolen B they are stolen D they ’ re being stolen
C they ’ve stolen
Verb forms 5.1 It
,
B wasn’ t ram
A wasn’ t rained 5.2
50 Wε didn’ tnεed
Somebody
C didn’ t rammg
this window. C has breaked
B has broken
A has broke
an umbrella. D wasn’t raining D has break
Future 6 .1
B A
’h
-
tomorr。、lÝ.
D is play
-νι
mt
뺑씨
C plays κ1
W「
A AR ym g E DO m g
B play
뺑뺑
6.2
tennls
Andrew A is playing
%r
C Do you go
6.3 “ What time is the concert tonight?" “ It A is start B is starting C starts 6 .4
What
6.6
Pi
없
B
삐
A
l VJ
려
5
뼈繼
/0
μM
A arε you weanng D you are going to wear
D Go you at 7:30."
D start
to the wedding next week? B are you going to wear
E startlng C do you wear
her driver ’s test. C wiU be pass D will passing
to the movies on Saturday. Do you want to come with us?
B We ’ 11 go
A Wego
6.7 “ A 1 call
C We ’ re gomg
D We wi11 going
you tomorrow, OK?" “ OK , bye." B 1 calling C I'm calling D 1’ 11 call
6.9
It ’s a nice day. A Do we go E Gowe
266 STUDY GUIDE
B Shall we go
for a walk? C Should we go
D
mu M
D Wego
?L
Lu
뱅
6.8 There ’s a good program on TV tonight. A 1 watch B 1’ 11 watch C 1’ m going to watch
k
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5) Modals, imperative, etc. to the movies tonight , but 1’ m not sure.
7.1 AI ’ 11 go
B 1’ m g0 1l1 g here ?"
7.2 “ A Can 1 sit 7.3
C 1 may go
B Do 1 sit
D 1 might go
“ S ure
C May 1 sit
D Can 1 to sit
1’m having a party next week , but Paul and Rachel
A can’ t conle
B can ’ t to come
C can’ t com 1l1 g
7.4 Before Maria came to the United States , she much English. B can't D couldn’t A can C not
7.5
매Te
B had to
C must
tired. mr
B ought to
C ought
B you have to
αle
C have you to
B hadn’ t to
「
“
뱅
α
q
C didn ’ t
n’ •‘ l
B You like
to
D didn ’ t had to
D Do you like
home. CI ’ d rather to stay
. Stay here with me.
gO 1dJ
B you no go
m o σb
t ,S
havε
C Would you like
D you don ’ t go
C go not
ι
1
、/
m u[
Lμ
νu
「/
A
댔 Lω
「/
n
D do you have to
“ No , thank you."
some coffee?"
7.1 1 1 don ’ t really want to go out. A 1 rather stay B 1’ d rather stay DI ’ d prefer to stay A
E h
nm
wait very long for the bus - it came in a few minutes.
A don't have to E mustn ’t
mn
n
go to the dentist tomorrow?
A A g v ou l /
n
D
E must to be
뼈
It ’ s a good movie. You
A you must
m
D can be
않
C must be
7.8 What time
/
E must have
D must to
빼빼
B can
A should to
7.9
E doesn ’t
You worked 10 hours today. You A must
7.7
understand
walk home last night. There were no buses.
A have to 7.6
D couldn’ t come
out. B Let ’s go
C Let ’s going
D We go
There and it 8 .1
Excuse me , A has there
a hotel near here? B is there
C
thεre lS
D is it
a lot of accidents on this road. It ’s very dangerous.
8.2
C There have
빼
ι
C it wasn’ t
ιω
E There are mf o % ’t D jme E n V
8.3 1 was hungry when 1 got home , but A there wasn't B there weren ’t
D They are
빠밟
B It has
A Have
two miles from our house to downtown.
8 .4 A It ’s
B It has
C There is
D There are
true that you ’ re moving to DaIIas?
8.5 A Is there
B Is it
C Is
D Are you
STUDY GUIDE 267
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHτ 5TUDY UNIT(5) Auxiliary verbs 9 .1
1 have n ’t seen th e m ovie , but my sist er A does
9.2
C has seen
B is
E hasn’t
D has
1 don ’ t 1i ke ho t wea ther , but Sue B doesn ’t
A does
9.3 “ Nicole got m arri ed las t week." A G ot she
? R ea lly?"
“
D She has
C She did
B She got
E likes
D does like
C do
9 .4 You have n ’t m et my m oth er, A have n't you E you have n ’t
?
C did yo u
B have you
D yo u have
9. 5 Bill doesn ’t w atch T V H e doesn’t read newspapers, A too
C neither
B either
9.6 “ I ’ d 1i ke to go to Au stralia. " A So do 1 E So 1 would
D never "
“
C So wo uld 1
B So am 1
D N either do 1
much on weekends.
9.7 Sue A don ’t
•
C do n ’ t do
B doesn’ t
D doesn ’ t do
Questions 10 .1
“ When
?"
A did the teleph one invent C w as invented the telepho ne E the telepho ne was invented 10.2 “ 1 broke my finger las t week." A did yo u
D did yo u do
C yo u don ’ t ca ll
B yo u not call
10 .4 “ Wh o
in this house?"
D you didn ’t call
“ 1 don ’ t know- ”
C does lives
B does live
D living
w hen yo u told him the story?
10.5 What
C Paul sa id
B did Paul say
’h
s
u ’n‘ n m
1
「/ 1·
’h ’h
p
h
P」
B D
In - vN
”
떼
A 1n w hich hospital he is? C 찌까1i c h hospital he is in ?
“
D did Paul sa id
때따
“ To m ’ s father is in th e hospital."
빼뼈
10.6
that?"
m e last night? 1 was wa iting for yo u to ca ll
A didn ’ t yo u ca ll
A said Paul
“ H ow C yo u d id do
B yo u did
10.3 Why
A lives
“ l ’m no t sure. M ore than 100 yea rs ago." B has the telephone invented D was th e teleph one invented
m·?
10.7 Did you have a goo d vacation ? A H ow was the weather like? C What the w ea ther w as like?
B What w as the wea ther like? D W as the wea ther 1i ke?
taller -Joe o r Ga ry?
10.8 A Who is
B What is
C Which is
D Who has
10.9 T here are fo ur umbrellas here. A
찌T h a t
268 STUDY GUIDE
B Who
C Which
is yo urs? D H ow
E Which o ne
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
to cross the A t1 antic by ship?
10.10 How long B does it need
A is it
C does it take
10 .1 1 1 don ’t remember what A
Jεnny
D does it want at the party. C was J enny wear 111g
B was wearingJenny
was wearmg
10 .1 2 “ Do you know
‘
“ Yes , 1 think so.' ’
?”
C whether Jack is at home
B is Jack at home
A ifJack is at home D that Jack is at home
Reported speech 11. 1
IsawStevε
me , but he didn’ t.
a week ago. He said that
A he call E he would call
B he calls
D he ’ s going to call
C he ’ 11 call
11. 2 “ Why did Tim go to bed so early?"
“ He B sa id that hε was tired E told that he was tired
A said he was tired D told me he was tired
”
C sa id me he was tired
-;ng and to . . . 12 .1
so hard.
You shouldn ’ t
12.2
C to work
B work
A working It ’s !ate. 1
n 。、N.
C have to going
B have go
A must to go
to
ob
mT
gεttmg
C
a L
B
to
안
mf
mf
C getting up
따
ιω
B me lending
야
c
Jω
12.7
D to getting up mm m R Jm D m m’ k p ‘
뼈
12.6 Do you want A me lend
D to getting up
up
ea rly? oδ
t
B
D to selling ea rly.
s
야나
y
“
”때
A
m」 양
μ ”
R
띠
낀
3
C selling
B to sell
mf
D have to go
her ca r.
12.3 Tina has decided A sell 4 M mt A gt
D worked
He ’s very funny. He makes Amε
!augh
B me !aughing
C me to laugh
B for to get
A for get
D that 1 laugh
some fruit
12.8 Paula went to the store
D to
C for getting
gεt
E get
The water looks nice. 1’ m g0111g A for a swim
B on a swim
C to swimming
D
떼 鋼
Go, get, do , make, and have 13 .1
rll
13.2 I' m sorry your mother is sick. 1 hope she A has
B makes
C gets
the car and drove away.
13.3 Kate A went into
B
、、rent
in
13 .4 “ Sha11 1 open the window?" A do
D goes
B make
C get
C got in
D got into
“ No , it ’s OK. 1’ 11
u”
D open
STUDY GUIDE 269
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
13.5
I ’ m sorry, I
A did
a mistake.
B made
C got
13.6
D had
enough time to do everything you wanted? A Have you
B Had you
C Do you have
D Did you have
Pronouns and possessives 14 .1
I don ’t want this book. You can A it
B them
havε
C her
D him
14.2 Sue and Kevin are going to the movies. Do you want to go with A her
14.3
B they
C them
D him
I know Donna , but I don’t know A their
B his
C she
husband. D her
14 .4 Hawaii is famous for A his 14.5
beaches
C it ’s
B its
D their
I didn’ t have an umbrella , so Helen gave me A her
B hers
C her umbrella
•
D she ’s
14.6 I went to the movies with a friend of
C me
B my
A mine
•
E myself
DI
14.7 We had a good vacation. We enjoyed A us
14.8 Kate and
B our Helεn
C ours
E ourselves
D ourself
are good friends. They know
A each other
B them
wel l.
C themselves
14.9 Have you met
D theirselves
?
A the wife of M r. Black D M r. Bl ack ’s wife
B κ1 r. Black wife E the M r. Black ’s wife
C the wife M r. Black
p
14.10 Have you seen A the car of my parents D my parents car
B my parent ’ s car
C my parents ’ car
A and the 15.1
I ’ m going to buy A hat and umbrella C a hat and an umbrella
15.2
“ What do you do?"
A I dentist
15.3
“
”
BI ’ m a dentist
I'm going shopping. I
CI ’ m dentist
neεd
B a new jeans
B Theyare
15.5 We can’ t get into A some key
270 STUDY GUIDE
thε
C a new pair ofjeans
m
I like the people here. A She is
D 1 do dentist
C They is
house without
B a key
C key
crl
R t n
빼
A some new jeans D a new palr Jeans 15 .4
B a hat and a umbrella D an hat and an umbrella
y
E
Hp~ •
NQ
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
15.6 1’ d like
about hotels in Mexico City
was very lllce
15.7 We enjoyed our vacation. B A hotel
A Hotel
C an information
B some informations
A some information
C An hotel
D The hotel
15.8 The table is in
B middle of the room D the middle of room
A middle of room C the middle of the room
;
15.9 What did you have for
B breakfast
A the breakfast
C a breakfast
at 5:00 every day.
15 .1 0 1 finish A the work
B work
C a work
15 .1 1 I'm tired. 1’ mgomg A in bed B in the bed
C to a bed
15 .1 2 We don ’t eat A the meat
very often C a meat
B some meat
E to bed
D to the bed D meat
is in New York.
15.13 A The Times Square
B Times Square
15 .1 4 My friends are staying at A the Regent Hotel B Regent Hotel
Determiners and pronouns 16 .1
“ Oh ,
‘'J' m going on vacation next week."
A it ’s
B this is
C that ’s
16.2 “ Is there a bank near here?" the corner ”
B it
A some
nlce.
“ Yes , there ’s
C one
on
D a one P
16.3 This cup is dirty. Can 1 have B a clean one A clean one
C clean
D a clean clothes.
16 .4 1’ m going shopping. 1’m going to buy B some A any 16.5 “ Where ’s your luggage?" “ 1 don ’ t have A one B some C any 16.6 TraceyandJeff A have no children C don ’t have any children
B don ’ t have no children D have any children
16.7 “ How much money do you have?" A No
B No one
C Any
"
“
D None
in the room. It’ s empty.
16.8 There is A anybody
”
B nobody
16.9 ‘ 'What did you say?" A Nothing B Nobody
C anyone
D no one "
C Anything
D Anybody
STUDY GUIDE 271
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
mb mo R ’
빽빼
따
A E D E
여
16 .1 2
뼈빼
B all days
A all day
……
m
B
따
m
pm
빼따
I
I
Mυ
d
η
νm
n
J
빽뼈뼈
ιω
N I m
C something for eating
C every days
D every day
friends B Everybody needs
C Everyone need
childrεn
16 .1 3
like to play. C Most of
B The most
A Most 16 .1 4 1 like
D The most of
those pictures B both of
A both
C either
16 .1 5 1 haven ’ t read
D either of these books.
B neither of
C either
뼈
빼야
아
d 까
A neither % K DO vl[ m l A
B m
D either of
friends?
C many
D much of
E many of
16 .1 7 We like movies , so we go to the movies
B much
A a lot of 16 .1 8 There were A a little
B few
C many
D a lot
people in the theate r. It was almost empty. D a few of
C little
money, so
16.19 They have A a lit t1 e
C
B a few
fiεw
thεy ’re
D little
not poor
E little of
Adjectives and adverbs 17.1
1 don’ t speak any
B languages foreign
A foreign languages 17.2
He ate his dinner very A quick B quicker
17.3 You speak English very B fluent A good
C languages foreigns
C quickly
C well
D slow
17.4 Helen wants A a more big car 17.5 “ Do you
feεl
better today?"
B worse
A good
17.6 Athens is older B than A as 17.7 1 can run faster A than him
272 STUDY GUIDE
nr
Ju
iL
C more bad
B that he can
따
%
“ No , 1 feel
C that
… ι
D
C a car bigger
D a bigger car "
D more worse
Rome. D of C than he can
D as he can
socce r. 싫 잉
」
1
배 얘
17.8 Tennis isn ’ t A mr nr ?
B a car more big
B popular than E as popular as
C as popular than
E as he
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
17.9
yesterday
The weather today is the same A as
B that
D like
C than
m M
m
바빠
1TI
빽
A the more expensivε motel C the motel most expensive E the motel more expensive
me me
뼈
B D
town.
ι 핵띠
17.1 0 The Best West Motel is
m
17.1 1 The movie was very bad. 1 think it ’s the ever seen. A worse
movie 1’ ve
C most bad
B baddest
E more worse
D worst
17.12 Why don ’ t you buy a car? You ’ ve got A enough money 17.1 3
a conversation?
Is your English
B good enough for have
A enough good to have D good enough to have
17.1 4 1’m
C enough good for
out.
9ι
R
g
앙
a
R
때
(
a
‘
nm
cι때
e
in
t
빼뼈뼈
e
pι
M
빼때때
A C
때뼈
4 」
pm
없 뼈뼈
Word order
C too tired to go
B too much tired for going
A too tired for go D too much tired to go
%
C enough of money
B money enough
B reads a newspaper every day
coffee in the morning
18.2
B Always 1 drink
A 1 drink always
18.3
C 1 always drink
during the day. A They are at home never C Thεy never are at home
18 .4 “ Where ’ s Emma?"
B They are never at home D Never they are at home ”
“ She
B isn’thεre already
A isn ’ t here yet
C isn't here sti11
18.5 1 locked the door , and 1 gave A Sarah the keys
C the keys Sarah
B to Sarah the keys
D the keys to Sarah
Conjunctions and c1 auses 19 .1
1 can’ t talk to you now. 1’ 11 talk to you later when 1110rε t1111e D 1'111 going to have B 1 had C 1 have AI ’ II have late tonight , don ’t wait for 111e.
19.2
B I fI’ 11 be
A l fI’ n1
C When 1’111
D When 1’ 11 be the answer , 1’ d te11 you.
19.3 1 don’ t know the answe r. If 1 nU
*e
C have known
R
mu
따
B I
1hν
A I
--“
B would know
뼈
%4
뼈뼈
A know
it if it wasn ’ t C 1 bought
D knew SO
expensive-
D 1’ d bought
E
1’ d buy
STUDY GUIDE
273
IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH ANSWER IS
19.5 Emma lives in a house A who
19.6
19.7
STUDY UNIT(S)
is 100 years old.
C which
B that
D it
The people
A who
RIGHτ
work in B that
C they
E what thε
office are very friendly.
D which
E what
Did you find the books A who you wanted
C what you wanted
B that you wanted E you wanted it
D you wanted
19.8 1 met A a woman who
can speak six languages
C a woman
B a woman which
D a woman she
Prepositions 20 .1
Bye! See you
A Friday 20.2
20 .1 2
two hours
D during to work.
C to go
B go mn m B m
c
D going the top of the page.
‘
m
D to
C in
B on
those trees D to
What ’s the largest city
C in
B on
the world? D of
The office is B on
the second floor
C in
D to
1 met a lot of people
A on 20 .1 1
E Since
There are a lot of apples
A at 20 .1 0
C since
B for
Vι
따
A
ρι
ww
A at 20.9
D Till
1 always have breakfast before
A at 20.8
Monday. ’,
We played basketball yesterday. We played
α
mω
20.7
E in
“
C Until
B To
A 1 go /o
D after
“ How long will you be away?"
A in 20.::'
five minutes.
C from
B on
A On 20 .4
D on Friday
Hurry! The train leaves
A at 20.3
C in Friday
B at Friday
B to
1 want to go A at B on
the party.
C in
D at
Mexico next
C in
D to
What time did you arrive A at
B on
C in
yεar
the hotel? D to
20 .1 3
“ Where is Oon in this picture?" “ Oon is A at front of B in the front of C in front of
20 .1 4
1 jumped A on B through
the wall into the garden
C across
D over
20 .1 5 Jane isn ’ t at work this week. She ’s
A on
274 STUDY GUIDE
B in
C for
Bob-” D in front from
D to
E above vacat lO n.
E at
IF YOU ARE NOT 5URE WHICH AN5WER 15 RIGHT, 5TUDY UNIT(5)
20 .1 6 Do you like traveling
;
A with train E by train
C in train
B with the train
20 .1 7 1’m not very good A on
on train
telling stories
B with
o
C at
E for
in
goodbyε.
20 .1 8 Tom left without A say
o
B saying
o
C to say
that he said
tonigh t.
20 .1 9 1 have to call
B to my parents
A with my parents
C at my parents
o
my parents
20.20 “ Do you like eating in restaurants?" “ Sometimes. It depends the restaurant." A in
B at
C of
o
on
E over
Phrasal verbs 2 1. 1 A car stopped and a woman got A off B down C out
0
out of
2 1. 2 It was cold , so 1
B give them back
•t
c
ob
m
’ hu
0
때
2 1. 3 1 have Rachel ’s keys. 1 have to
A give back
C put the coat on
B put my coat on
μm
A put on my coat o put me the coat on
,“ u m
o
mε
give it back
STUDY GUIDE 275
Answer Key to Exercises UNIT
1
10. 1’ m / 1 a m inte reste d in politi cs. 0 ,. 1’ m not / 1 a m
1.1
3.2
3. 1t Isn ’ t / it ’ s not
UNIT
4. that ’s
2
2
2. 3. 4. 5.
6 . yo u aren ’ t / yo u ’ re n ot
1.2 6. are
3. is
7. is
4. are
8
‘
a re
’ m / am .. . is
5 ‘ ’ s /i s
f h c a
6. 7. 8. 9.
e
b i d
4
’ s /i s sw i111111ing
5
’ re / are st ay in g
6
’ s /i s t ak in g
7
’ r e / are building
8. '111/ a 111 leav ing
2.2 3. Is yo ur job interesting? 4 ‘ Are th e st ores o p en t oday?
1.3
’ s /i s coo kin g
3. ’ re / are st a ndin g
2.1
5. 1’ m not
’m / a m
6. She ’ s / She is sitting
not interested in p o litics.
2. th ey ’ re
2
5. T h ey ’ re / They a r e having
5. Where are yo u from?
3.3 3
’ s /i s sittin g o n the Ooor
4. She isn ’ t / She ’ s not r eading a book
2. I ’ m / 1 a111
6. Are yo u inte r es t e d in sports?
3 . H e’s / H e i s
7. Is th e post office n ear h e r e?
5. She isn ’ t / She ’s not playing th e pi a n o.
4. they ’ re / th ey are
8. Are yo ur c hildr e n at sc hoo l?
6. She ’ s / She is la u g hing
5 . It ’ s / It is
9. Why are yo u la t e?
7. She ’ s / She is wearing a hat .
6 . You ’ re / You a re
8. She isn ’ t / She ’ s not wntmg
2.3
7. She ’ s / She is
a le tt e r.
2. Whe re ’ s / Where is
5. What ’ s / Wh at is
1. My name is Robert ‘
6. 찌T h 。’ s / Who is
2 . I '111 fr0111 Bra zil
7. What co lo r a re
3. 1’m 25. 5. M y favorite co lors are black a nd white. 6. 1’ m interested in pl a nt s
1.5
5. It ’s r a mm g . 0 1' It isn't rainin g. / It ’ s n o t ra1nmg.
2. Are you Australian?
6. 1’ 111 stud y in g English
3. How old a r e yo u ? 4. Are you a t eac h er?
7. I ’ m li st e nin g t o 111u sic ‘ 0 1' I ’ m not Iist en ing to musi c .
5. Are yo u 111arried?
8. The sun is shinin g.
2
’ re / are cold
7 Where ’ s / Whe r e is she from?
3
’ s/is hot.
8. What ’ s / Wh at is h er name?
‘
0 1'
The sun isn ’ t shining.
6. Is yo ur wife a lawyer?
4. H e ’ s / He is afraid
O’y
m g [ m m
ea tm g
2.4
4. I '111 a coo k
m?
빠
Exarnple answe ,.s
m ‘a
Jω
4. How mu c h are
빠
1.4
3 I m m I m m 4 I m
뱅 재 앙 W
3t
3. How old are
씨때
8. H e r e ’s / H e re is
9. 1’ m wearing shoe s. 0 1' I ’ 111 n ot wearing sho es
10 . r’ m n o t r ead in g a newspape r.
9. How old is sh e?
5. They ’ re / They are hun gry.
2.5
6. She ’ s / She is angry
2. Y es , 1 a 111
1.6 2
’ s/ is windy t o d ay. 0 1' Isn ’ t / ’s n o t windy today
3 . hand s are co ld. 0 ,. hands a ren ’ t / are not co ld. 4. Brazil is a very bi g co untr y 5. Diamonds aren ’ t / are not c h eap 6 . Toronto isn ’ t / is n ot in the United States.
8. I ’ 111 / I am hun gry ‘ 0 1' not / I am not hun g r y. 9.
UNIT 4
I ’ 111
r’ m
/ 1 am a good sw i111111.er 0 1' 1’ 111 not / 1 a m not a good sW 1111me r.
276 ANSWER KEY 10 EXERCISES
‘
0 1'
3 . Ye s , Jt IS. 0 1' No , it ’ s n o t.
No , 1’ m not. No , 1t Isn ’t. /
4. Yes , they are . 0 1' No , th ey aren ’t. / No , they ’ re not 5. Ye s , 1t IS. 0 1' No , it ’ s n o t. 6. Ye s , 1 am. UNIT
0 ,.
No , 1t Isn ’t. /
4.1 2. Are yo u leaving now? 3. Is it rainin g? 4. Are yo u enjoy ing the mov ie? 5. Is th at clock working? 6. Are you waiting for a bus?
No , 1’ m not .
3
3.1 2 . ’ s /i s waiting 3 . ’ r e / are playing 4. He ’ s / H e is ly in g
4.2 2. is
“
.
go in g?
3. a re yo u ea tin g? 4. are yo u c r y ing? 5. a r e th ey looki n g at? 6. is h e lau g hing?
4.3
UNIT
3 . Are yo u li ste nin g to m e?
4. Whe re are yo ur 감 iend s going? 5. Are yo ur parents w at chin g telev isio n ? 6. What is J ess ica cooking? 7. Why a re yo u looking at m e? 8 . Is th e bu s co ming?
4.4 2. Yes , 1 a m.
3.
4. 5.
6.
or N o , 1’ m no t . Yes , 1 a m . or N o , I' m no t Yes , it is or N o , lt lsn ’ t. / N o , it ’ s no t Yes , 1 am. or No , 1’ m n o t Yes , 1 am . or N o , 1’ m n o t ‘
UNIT
5
5.1 2. think s
3. fli es 4. da nces
5. h as 6. fini shes
2 . li ve 3. She ea ts 4. H e pl ays
5. The y g o 6. He sleeps
2 . d oes n ’ t play th e pia no ve ry we l l.
3. d o n ’ t know m y phon e nu mb e r. 4. W e d o n ’t work ve r y h ard. 5. Mike do esn ’ t have a ca r 6. Yo u d o n ’ t do the sam e thin g eve ry d ay.
6.2 1. d oesn ’ t like classical mu sic. like (or 1 don ’ t like) 2. d o n ’ t like box ing likes b oxing . like (o r 1 don ’ t like) boxing. 3. Bill and Ro se like h orror movl es. Ca rol d o esn ’ t like h o rro r m OV les. 1 like (or 1 don ’ t like) horro r nlov les.
Exa mple a n S lνers : 2 . 1 never go to the th ea ter 3. 1 d o n ’ t rid e a bicy c1 e ve ry o ft e n.
5.3
4. 1 never eat in re staurants.
o p en cl oses teach es m ee t
7. co sts
8. co st 9. boil s 10 . like .. . likes
was hes
5.4 2 . 1 neve r go to the mov ies.
3. M artin a always work s h ard 4. C hildre n u su ally like choco lat e 5. Juli a always enjoys parties 6 . 1 ofte n fo rge t pe o ple ’ s na m es 7. Tim neve r wa tch es te lev isio n 8. W e usua lly h ave dinn er at 6 :30. 9. J e nn y a lways w e ars ni ce clothes
5.5 Example answers ; 2 . 1 som e times read in be d . 3. 1 often ge t up b efor e 7: 00 4. 1 neve r go to w ork by bu s.
5. 1 always drink coffe e in th e m o rnin g
7. D oes Paul often trave l o n bu siness? / D oes he o ft e n trav el o n bu siness?
6.1
6.3
5.2
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
6
5. 1 travel by trai n a lot
6.4 2. doesn ’ t use
3 . d o n ’ t go 4 ‘ does n ’ t w e ar 5. d o n ’ t kn o w 6. does n ’ t cos t 7. d o n ’ t see
8. Do you wa nt to b e fa m o us? 9. D o es Ann a wo rk h ard ? I D oes she w o rk hard ?
7.2 3. 4. 5. 6.
UNIT 7
7.1 2. D o ... pl ay tenni s? 3. D oes . .. live n ear here;> 4. D o To m 's friend s play tenni s? / D o th ey pl ay tenni s?
5. D oes yo ur brother spea k E ng lish ? / Do es he sp ea k Eng li sh ? 6. D o yo u do yo ga eve ry m o rnin g?
What do yo u w ant fo r dinner ? D o you like foo tb a ll? Doe s your bro th er like football ?
7. What d o yo u d o in yO llr frε e time? 8 . Where d oes yo ur siste r wo rk ?
9. 10. 11 ‘ 12.
D o you eve r go to the m o vi es? What do es thi s w o rd m ea n ? Does it often sn ow h e re ? What tim e d o yO ll usu ally go to b ed ?
13. H o w mu ch d oes it cost to ca ll M ex ico? 14. What do you u su all y h ave fo r breakfas t ?
7.3 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Do you enjoy I D o yo u like do yOll start Do you work d o you ge t d oes h e do d oes h e t eac h D oes h e enjoy / D oes h e like
7.4 2 . Yes , 1 do . or No , 1 d o n ’ t 3. Yes , 1 d o . or N o , 1 d o n' t. 4. Yes , it do es. or N o , it doε s n ’ t.
6.5 3. d o n ’ t know 4. doesn ’ t talk 5. d rink s 6. do n ’ t b elieve 7. li ke 8 . doesn ’ t ea t
How ofte n d o yO ll w atch TV?
5 . Yes , 1 do.
UNIT
or N o , 1 d o n ’ t.
8
8.1 2. N o , she isn' t. Yes , sh e do es . She ’ s playing the pi ano 3. Yes , h e d oes Yes , h e is H e ’ s washing a wind o w. 4. No , they aren ’t. Yes , th ey d o. The y te ac h.
8.2 2. 3. 4. 5
don ’ t are do es ’slis . . . d o n ’ t
6. d o
7. does 8 . d oe sn ’ t
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 277
6. 7. 8. 9.
5. got 6. have 7. doesn ’ t
10.
11. 12. 13. 14.
do you read you ’ re / you are sitting 1 don ’ t / 1 do not understand 1’ m / 1 am going ... Are you commg does your father finish 1’m not / 1 am not li ste ning He ’ s / He is cooking doesn ’ t usually drive usually walks doesn ’ t like ... She prefers
UNIT 9 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
9.2 2 3. 4.
UNIT 10
He has a new job They don ’ t have much money. Do you have an umbrella? We have a lot of work to do. 1 don ’ t have your phone numbe r. 8. Does your father have a car? 9. How much money do we have?
278 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
4. bought two newspapers 5. went to the movies.
is . .. was ’ m / am was were ’ re/are Was was were are ‘
6. ate an orange 7. took a showe r. 8. came (to see us) ‘, 1 Fj l
rFL
‘
2. Was your exam difficult? 3. Where were Sue and Chris last week? 4. How much was your new camera? 5. Why were you angry yesterday? 6 . Was the weather nice last week?
UNIT 11 11.1 ‘
opened started . wanted happened
or
4 l 5 I 6 I
m mw % mf l m i- V / m m n m hJm
n3
me ‘
a Lmt
my
LK
[
rr
--eR 1K
yS
UNIT 12 12.1
10.4
2. 3 4. 5.
2 I 3 I l
.
10.3 2 . wasn ’ t ... was 3. was . .. were 4. Were ... wa s . wasn ’ t. wasn ’t. .. was. 5. were 6. weren ’ t ... were
”
뼈때 때뼈
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
2. lost her keys 3. met her friends
때샤 (
9.3
11.4
10.2 2. 3 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9.
9. checked 10. had 11. waited 12. departed 13. arrivεd 14. took
빠삐
has a compute r. He hasn't got a dog. or He doesn ’ t have a dog. He hasn’ t got a cell phone. or Hε doesn ’ t have a cell phone He ’ s got a watch. or He has a watch. He ’ s got two brothers and a siste r. or He ha s two brothers and a siste r. 1’ ve got a compute r. / 1 have a compute r. or 1 haven ’ t got a compute r. / 1 don ’ t have a computer 1’ ve got a dog. / 1 have a dog or 1 haven ’ t got a dog. / 1 don ’ t have a dog 1’ ve got a bike. / 1 have a bike. or 1 haven ’ t got a bi ke. / 1 don ’ t have a bike (Example answer) 1’ ve got a brother and a siste r.
11.3 2. got 3. had 4. left 5. drove 6. got 7. parked 8. walked
η
10.
6. has six legs. 7. don ’ t have much time.
。
9.
3. have four wheels 4. has a lot of friends. 5. don ’ t have a key.
thought copied knew put 12. spoke
미 따 」ω
8.
9.5
8. 9. 10. 1 1.
played paid visited bought went
뼈씨샤 띠씨
7.
or
n ””
때떼 f
6.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
3 「
5.
’ s got a compute r.
d,
2. saw
2. were at the movies 3. was at the station 4. M r. and Mrs. Hall were in / at a restaurant. 5. Ben was at the beach 6. (Examp le ans ψer) 1 was at work
he ’ s got they ’ ve got she hasn ’ t got it ’s got 1 haven ’ t got
QU
…
11.2
10.1
9.1
e
」이
3. has 4. don 't
빼
4. ’s /i s singing 5. She wants
mj
」이
9.4
c
「/
8.3
/0
‘
ended
2 . didn ’ t work 3. didn ’ t go
4. didn ’ t have 5. didn ’ t do
12.2 2. 3. 4. 5.
Did Did Did Did
you you you you
enjoy the party? have a nice vacation? finish work early? sleep welllast night?
12.3 2. got up before 7:00 . or didn ’ t get up before 7:00. 3. 1 took a showe r. or 1 didn ’ t take a shower 4. 1 bought a magazine. or 1 didn ’ t buy a magazine.
5. 1 ate m ea t. or 1 d idn ’ t ea t m ea t. 6. 1 we nt to bed before 10:30. or 1 didn ’ t go to bed befo re
10:30 12.4
UNIT 16
14.1
16.1
1‘ h app ened ... w as p aintin g fell 2. arri ved ... got ... we re wa Jtll1 g
y
뱅
”M
J ω
rm
〕
6. Did yo u go to b ed late 7. Did yo u have a nice time 8. d id it happen / did that happen
따 없
3 . was wa lking ... n1. et
3. D id yo u w in 4. did yo u go 5. did it cost
뼈때
없
2. did yo u ge t to wo rk
UNIT 14
14.2 2. was stud ying 3 . did the m ail arrive .. ca m e . .. was hav in g didn ’ t go we re yo u driv ing wa sn ’ t dri ving stopp ed Did yo ur team win didn ’ t play did yo u brea k . .. w ere pl ay ing . .. hit ... broke “
UNIT 13
13.1 2. we re at th e s up ε rm a rk e t. we re buy ing foo d .
3. was in hi s ca r. H e wa s dri v in g. 4. T racey was at th e statio n. She was wa iting for a train 5. Mr ‘ and Mrs. Ha lI were in th e park . T h ey we re w alking. 6. (Exa mple answer) 1 w as at a café . 1 was h av ing coffee w ith so me fri en d s.
13.2 2. was pl ay in g tennis. 3. she was rea din g alt he n ews 얘 pap야 e r.
8. Did yo u se e .. . was wea rin g 9. we re yo u doing
10. lost ... did you ge t cl imbed UNIT 15
15.1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
2. Wh at we re yo u doing 3 낸!as it raining 4. W hy was Su e dr iving 5. W as T im wea rin g
13.4
5. H e wasn' t ca rr ying an umbrell a. 6. H e was n ’ t going ho me 7. H e was wea rin g a h a t. 8. H e was n ’ t ridin g a bicycl e
15.3 3. used to have 4. u sed to b e 5. go / co mmute 6 . use d to ea t 7. wa tches 8 use d to live 9. ge t 10. did ... u se to pl ay
Oown in a w on a race? b een to Peru '
16.2 H elen 2 ’ s/ has b een to So uth Korea o nce 3. She ’ s / Sh e ha s neve r w on a ra ce . 4. She ’ s / She h as Oow n in a h elicopter a few times . YO /.l (example a n s ωeηj 5 ’ ve / have n ever b ee n to N ew York . 6 . 1’ ve / 1 have playe d tennis m any tJ m es . 7. 1’ ve / 1 have n eve r drive n a tru ck 8. [’ ve / [ ha ve b ee n late for w o rk a few times. ‘
16.3 2-6. ’ s/ h as done a lot of interesting
thin gs She ’ s / She h as trave led all over the w orld. or She ’ s / She h as b een all over th e world She ’ s / She h as bee n m arri ed three times. She ’ s / She h as w ritten 10 b ooks. She ’ s / She h as m et a Io t of interesting peo pl e
3.-6 . She u sed to go out thr ee o r fo 따 ni ghts a w eek. / Sh e u sed to go out a lot. Sh e u sed to play a mu sica l instrument. / She u se d to play th e guitar She u se d to read a lo t. / She u sed to li ke to read . She u se d to take two or thr ee trip s a yea r. / She u se d to travel a lo t.
lost yo ur
8 . H ave you ever dri ve n a bu s' 9. H ave yo u ever broken yo u r leg?
2. u se d to play
13.3
CO Il e.
4. H ave yo u eve r passp ort ? 5. H ave yo u eve r helicopt er? 6 ‘ Have you ever 7. H ave you ever
15.2
4 ‘ she w as coo kin g (l un ch ) . 5. she was having/eating breakfast. 6. she was clea nin g th e kit chen.
2. H e was ca rr y in g a ba g. 3. H e was n ’ t going to the denti st. 4. H e was eatin g an ice crea m
u se d to play Sh e use d to be Th ey used to li ve H e u sed to wea r glasses u se d to b e a h o tel.
3. you ever been to So uth Korea?
16.4 3. 4. 5. 6.
H ave you eve r w ritten She ’ s / She h as n ever m et the y ’ ve / th ey h ave read 1’ ve / 1 have n ever b ee n ‘ my brother h as been 7. She ’ s / Sh e h as seen ... [ ’ ve / r h ave neve r seen 8 . 1’ ve / r h ave trave led
‘
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 279
18.3
UNIT 17
3. for 20 years
17.1 3. ’ ve / have been 4. ’s/ has been 5 ’ ve / have lived been living 6. ’ s/ has worked been working 7. ’ s/ has had
or
’ ve / have
4. 20 years ago. 5. an hour ago 6. a few days ago.
20.1 2. ’ s/ has just gotten up. 3. ’ ve / have just bought a ca r. 4. has just started
7. for six months or
’ s/ has
8. ’ ve / have been srudying
17.2 2. have they been there I in Brazil? 3. have ... known herl Amy? 4. How long has she been studying Italian? 5. How long has he lived I been living in Seattle? 6. How long have you been a teacher? 7. How long has it been raining?
17.3 2. has lived in South Korea all her life. 3. have been on vacation since Sunday. 4. has been shining all day. 5. has been waiting for 10 minutes 6. has had a beard since he was 20.
8. for a long time
18.4 2. been here since Tuesday. 3. raining for an hou r.
4. known Sue since 2002 5. been married for six months 6. been studying medicine (at the university) for thrεe years. 7. played I been playing the piano since he was seven years old.
18.5 Example answers:
2. 1’ ve been to New York three tJ mes.
3. 1’ ve b een studying English for si x months. 4. 1’ ve known Chris for a long tJ me 5. 1’ ve had a headache since 1 got up this morning. UNIT 19 19.1 2 ’ s/ has closed the door
2. 1 know
4 ’ s/ has stopped raining
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
5. ’ s/ ha s taken a shower 6. picture has fallen down
빼쇄 때
1’ ve known have you been waiting works She has been reading have you lived 1’ ve had is ... He has been
6. for 7. for 8. for ... since
18.2
Example answers
2. A year ago 3. A few weeks ago. 4. Two hours ago. 5. Six months ago
20.2 2.
3 ’ ve / have gone to bed
17.4
4. since 5. Slnce
UNIT 20
19.2 2. 1’ ve I 1 have written them a letter ’ 3. She ’ s I She has broken her arm. 4. They ’ ve I They have moved to Seattle 5. 1’ ve I 1 have made a big mistake 6. 1’ ve I 1 have lost my wallet. Have you seen it anywhere? 7. Have you heard? Mark has gotten married 9. Brian took my bike again without asking 10. Did you tell your friends the good news? 11. We didn ’ t I did not pay the electric bil l.
’ ve / havε
3. ’ ve/ have already called him l Tom. 4. ’ s/ has already left I gone to work 5. ’ ve / have already read it. 6. ’ s/ has already started (it).
20.3 2. Have you told your father about the accident yet? 3. 1’ ve I 1 have just eaten a big dinner , so 1’ m not hungry 4. Jenny can watch TV because she ’ s I she has already done her homework 5. You can’ t go to bed - you haven ’ t brushed your teeth yet. 6. You can’ t talk to Pete because he ’ s I he has just gone home 7. Nicole has just gotten out of the hospital , so she can ’ t go to work 9. Themail carrier didn’ t come yet.
10. 1 just spoke to your sister 11. Did Mario buy a new computer yet? 12. Ted and Alice didn ’ t tell anyone they ’ re gettmg married yet 13. We already did our packing for our trip 14. 1 just swam a mile
20.4 2. Have ... met your new neighbors yet? 3. Have you paid your phone bill yet? 4. Has Tom / he sold his car yet? UNIT 21
21.1 2. started (it) 3. arrived 4. she went out 5. 1 wore it
21.2 3. 1 finished
4. OK
280 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
already seen
5. did you finish
6. OK 7. died 8. were you / did you go
21.3 3. played 4. did you go 5. Have you ever met 6. wasn ’ t / was not 7 ’s/ has visited 8. turned 9 . li ved 10. haven ’ t / have not been
10. My phone was stolen a few days ago.
-’-
l
2 n ’U 3 mS 4 ” ’b Q
k
’h
9. did
Has
10. have
did
24.4 2. 3. 4. 5.
was
6. ’ ve / have
Have
7. is
are
8. was
were
9. has
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
eaten
8. u nderstand
enjoying
9. listening
damaged
10. pronounced
use
11. open
gone
25.1
The houses are being torn down ‘
7. T h e trees have been cut down.
8. They have been invited to a party
23.3 3. has been repaired / was repaired
4. was repaired 5. are made 6. were they built
13. 1 wasn ’ t / was not woken up by the noise. 14. How were these windows broken? 15. Were you invited to Jon ’s party last week?
9 . were stolen
. .. where cars are rεpaired Where were you born? How many lang uages are spoken ... ? 7. . . ‘ but nothing was stolen 8. When was the bicycle invented?
was
The car has been damaged.
8. are they called
Why was the letter sent to ... ?
8. Has
UNIT 25
12. When was this bridge built?
Soccer is played in most .
were
is being repaired.
11. Three people were injured in the accident .
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
3. 4. 5. 6.
h as been broken.
7. Is the computer being u sed (or Is anybody using the computer)
22.2
7. were
24.5
23.2 3. 4. 5. 6.
2. Did
10. was damaged ... hasn't / has not been repaired
UNIT 24 24.1 3. are 4. Does 5. D 。 6 . Is
7. do
8. Is 9. does 10. Are
24.2 2. don ’ t 3 ’ m / am not 4. isn ’ t 5. don ’ t
3. said 4. brought 5. paid 6.
10. happened 11. heard
12. put 13. caught
e 매 oyed
7. bought
14. watched
8. sat
15. understood
9. left
25.2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
began ate drank drovε
spoke
뻐ιm[뼈 여 때 「떼
9. was painted last month
w -‘3
，잉
7. How is this word pronounced?
2. was born in São Paulo 3. parents were born in Rio de J aneiro. 4. was born in 5. My mother was born in .
뼈
5. This word isn ’ t / is not used very often. 6. Are we allowed to park here?
22.4
ι/
4. Stamps are sold in a post office.
9. was stolen ... was found
t/
3. is made from sand .
8. was made
，
22.1
24.3
are shown
뼈
UNIT 22
was given
「삐 이-따
3. ’s/ has had . .. was worked ... didn ’ t enJoy 4. ’ ve / have seen . . ’ ve / h ave never spoken ... Have you everspoken met
were damaged
뼈 뺑「빽
2. ’ s/has won Have yo u seen saw
7. ’ m / am not 8. ’ re not / aren ’ t
-
、νas
is made
7. were invited
-경
1. Did you have
3. 4. 5. 6.
6. doesn ’ t
깨”
21.4
22.3
m*
1m
m
… f
wrote
wntten
came
come
knew
known
took
taken
went
gone
12. gave 13. threw
glven
14. got
gotten
thrown
25.3 3. slept
10. built
4. saw
1 1. learned
5. rained 6 . lost .. . seen
12 . ridden 13. known
7. stolen
14. fell ... hurt
8. went
15. ran ... run
9. finished
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 281
25.4 2. told 3 . won 4. met
8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
5. woken up 6. swam 7. thought
27.3 2. is going to fall (down) 3. is going to turn (l eft). 4 ’ s /i s going to kick the ball.
spoken cost driven sold flew
UNIT 26 26.1 2. is going 3. is meeting Dave 4. Karen is having 5. Tom and Sue are going to a party.
‘
t[ m )
r
nu
‘‘
t
N
빼
h
O
n m t [ L@ / Lm t m ht ” h M )c k 1r R
‘‘
r
π
m t 1m”v t m
m?
30.2 2. might take a trip 3. 1 might see her on Monday. 4. 1 might have fish. 5. 1 might take a taxi 6. 1 might buy / get a new ca r. 30.3 3. might get up early 4. He isn't / He ’ s not working tomorro 、ν.
5. He might be at home tomorrow mor l1l ng 6. He might watch tεlevision 7. He ’ s going out in the afternoon. 8. He might go shopping
% AA
…… ”
ht L I 2 I6 ht k Ib hE t m
rι …때
?”
… 뱅
l
g
%@
뼈
%j
……이때
”
ω 」
5. 1’ 11 do 6 . 1’ 11 stay 7. 1’ 11 show
y
야 mε 따 1α
29.1 2. 1’ I1 send 3 . 1’ 11 eat 4. 1’ 11 sit
3 nM 4 h 5 h 6 M m 7 h
&
UNIT 29
m
ψ빽뺑m뺑때
282 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
28.5 2. are you doing 3. They ’ re leaving 4. willlend 5. 1’ m gOlllg 6. will call 7. He ’ s working 8. won ’ t take 9. are coming
2
ι 까 ‘
27.2 3 ’ m / am going to walk 4. ’ s /i s going to stay 5 ’ m / am going to eat 6 ’ re / are going to give 7 녕/i s going to lie down 8. Are ... going to watch 9. is ... going to do
28.4 3. think we ’ 11 win thε game. 4. 1 don ’ t think 1’ 11 be here tonlorrow 5. 1 think Sue willlike her presen t. 6. 1 don ’ t think they ’ 11 get married. 7. 1 don ’ t think you ’ lllike the movle.
8. c 9. f
띠
27.1 2 ’ m going to take a bath. , 3 m going to buy a ca r. , 4 re going to play socce r.
5. ’ ll / will 6 ’ ll / will 7. won ’ t
4. e 5 1
이
UNIT 27
28.3 2. ’ ll / will 3. won ’ t 4. won ’ t
6. a 7. h
fι
‘
26.4 3. Karen is getting 4. are going ... are they going 5. ends 6. 1’ m not gomg 7. I' m going .. ‘ We ’ re mee tI ng 8. are you getting ... leaves 9. does the movie begin 10. are you doing ... 1’ m working
28.2 Example answers ‘ 2. 1’ 11 b e at home 3. 1’ 11 probably be in bed. 4. 1’ 11 be at work. 5. 1 don ’ t know where 1’ 11 be.
29.4 2. g 3. b
9ι
μ
「
“
때
m oI m h{•L 5 I m n1 m Ug ‘ 6 I m g[ t o Jm m m o n nl Lm rS t
‘
aι
1
σs
”
M
5. she ’s 6 she was 7. she'll be
ω나
aV
m k mrL
28.1 2 . she ’ 11 be 3. she was 4. shε ’ llbε
뼈샤 M빽m 샤 앞뺑
h
UNIT 28
29.3 2. 1’ 11 do 3. 1 watch 4. 1’ 11 go 5. is going to buy 6. 1’ 11 give 7. Are you doing ... I' m going 8. 1’ m working 9. 1’ 11 buy
m 뺑「빵 ”-방사씨 뼈없↑뱅 π-j
”
」
3 I m ob( 4 I m Pl
M
ν빠 m 때」때(때
t1
η
”
빽빼 뼈m에 %μ
&
야
R3
tomorr 。、IV
4. 1 think 1’ 11 buy 5. 1 don ’ t think 1’ 11 buy
w-왜
26.2 2. Are you working next week? 3. What are you doing tomorrow night? 4. What time are your friends coming? 5. When is Liz going on vacation?
27.4 Example answers: 1. 1’ m going to call Maria tonight 2. 1’ m going to get up early tonlorrow 3. 1’ m going to buy somε shoes
29.2 2. think 1’ 11 have 3. 1 don ’ t think 1’ 11 play
m @
m
6.
l11
u st no t
5 . Ca n yo u dri ve (a car)?
7.
l11
u st
6 . Ca n yo u rid e (a h o rse)?
32.4
Example answers: 7. 1 ca n /c a n ’ t SW I l11. 8. 1 ca n /c a n ’ t ski 9. 1 ca n / ca n ’ t p lay ch εss 10. 1 ca n /c a n ’ t run 10
UNIT 34 34.1
2.
I11 USt
3.
l11
u st w ea r
4.
l11
11 st ge t
5.
l11
u st ta ke
2. hav e to tak e
kn o w
3 . ha s to rea d 4. have to sp ea k 5 . h as to travel 6 . h ave to hit
34.2
I-::3.' ~a~e
32.5 3. mu st
11. 1 ca n / ca n ’ t dri ve (a ca r).
12 . 1 ca n / ca n ’ t rid e (a h o rse).
I 4.
4 ‘ h ad to 5. l11 u stn ’'t
31.2 2 . ca n see
6.
3 . ca n ’ t h ea r
l11
u st
5. ca n sp ea k
w-월
--
4 . co uldn ’ t find
wγ
5 ca n ’ t go
6. co uldn ’ t go
•…
34.3 2 . d id h e h ave to wa it UM
m
31.4
3. Ca n / Co ul d yo u turn d ow n th e radi o (please)? 4 . Ca n / Co uld 1 h ave yo ur pho n e nu l11 b er (pl ease)?
UNIT 32 32.1 l11
11 st b e hun g r y
3‘
l11
uSt b e goo d
4. 11111 St b e ve r y h appy
5.
l11
ust b e fo r yO ll
6.
l11
ust b e in the kit ch en
2.
l11
6. d id they h ave to leave ea rly 7. d oes h e h av e to go to M oscow
34.4
4. d oes n ’ t h ave to wo rk (s 이 h ard.
4. H e sh o uldn ’ t dri ve so fas t.
5 . d o n 't h ave to leave n ow 6. didn ’ t h ave to tell m e so m e thin g 1 already kn ow
3. D o yo u think 1 sh o uld get an o ther job ? 4. Do yo u think 1 sh o uld invite Ga r y (to th e part y)?
34.5 Example answers 2. 1 have to go to wo rk ever y d ay. 3. 1 had to go to th e d e nti st yes terd ay
33.4 3 [ think yO ll sh o uld sell it . •
4
1 think sh e shollld tak e a trip l11
6
a rri ed
1 d o n ’ t think yo u sh o llld go to w o rk
7. 1 think h e should go to th e d oc to r 8. 1 d o n ’ t think we sh o uld stay th ere
32.2
d。
3. Sh e sh o uldn ’ t w o rk so
5 [ d o n ’ t think they sh o uld ge t
2.
5 . do yo u h ave to
3 . didn ’ t h ave to ge t up ea rl y.
2. 1 sh o uld learn (to dri ve)?
6. Ca n / Co uld 1 u se your p en (pl ease) ?
4. di d yO ll h ave to p ay
2. sh o uldn ’ t ea t so mu ch .
33.3
5 . Ca n / Co uld 1 loo k at yo ur n ews p ap e r ( pl e a sε)? or Ca n / Co uld 1 have a lo o k at yo ur n e w spap er (please)?
3. d oes sh e h ave to go
2 . d oesn ’ t h ave to wa i t.
33.2
2. Ca n / Co ul d yo u p ass th e sa lt (pl ease) ?
d~a nge
7. h ave to tak e
양빠 뼈때 U 뼈빼빼빼
3. ca n ’ t d ecide
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6. ha ve to wa ke
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8. h ad to
3-
4. ca n ’ t fi n d
to. go h ad to bu y
5. had to ans we r
7. mu stn ’'t
31.3
m m“
exe r Cl se
6 . mu st b e
kil o l11 e ters
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4 . Ca n yo u run 10 k ilome ters?
3. Ca n yo u pl ay ch ess?
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UNIT 31
A i
ust like
3 . mu st h ave
33.5
4.
l11
11 st drink
5.
l11
ust wo rk
Exa mple answers : 2. 1 think eve r yb o dy sh o uld h ave e n o u g h food . 3. 1 think p e ople sh o uld d ri ve 111 0 re care fully
4. 1 have to go sh o pping t0 l11 0 rrow . 5. 1 h ad to take t h e bu s to wo rk las t wee k 6. 1 h ad to go to b e d at 9 :00 w h en 1 was yo un ge r
UNIT 35 35.1 2. W Ollld yO ll like an appl e? 3 . W ould you like so m e coffee? / a cup o f coffee? 4. Would you like S0 l11 e ch eese? / a p iece o f cheese? 5. W o uld yO ll like a sa nd w ich ? 6. W o uld you like so m e ca ke? / a piece o f ca ke?
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 283
35.2 2 . W o uld yo u like to play tennis to m o rrow? 3. W o uld yo u like to co m e to a co n ce rt n ex t wee k? 4. W o uld yo u like to b orrow m y umbrella? 35.3 2. Do yo u li ke 3. W o uld yo u like 4. wo uld yo u like
5. W o uld yo u like
5. Don't si t
38.5 2. 1t ’s
6. H ave 7. D o n't fo rge t
3 . T h e re ’s
8. SIeep
4. T here ’ s . . . Is it
9. B e .. . Do n ’ t dr o p
5. Is t he re ... th ere ’s 6 . It ’s
37.2 2. 1εt ’ s take th e bu s 3.
1εt ’ s
7. Is there
w at ch T V
UNIT 39
4. le t ’ s go to a res taur ant
39.1 2 . The re was a ca rp et
5. let ’ s wait a littl e
3 . There we re three pictu res
7. wo uld yo u like
37.3 3. N o , let ’ s n o t go o ut. 4. N o , do n ’ t c1 0se th e wind ow.
5 . The re w ere
SO l11 e
fl owe rs
8 . W o uld yo u like
5. N o , don ’ t ca ll111e (to ni ght) .
6 . T h e re w ere
SO l11 e
books
Do yo u like 1’ d like
6 . N o , let ’ s n o t wa it fo r Andy. 7. No , do n 't turn o n the li g ht .
7. T here was an armchair 8 . The re w as a sofa
1’ d like d o yo u like
8. No , let ’ s n o t t ake a tax i.
6 . 1 like
9. 10 . 11. 12 .
39.2 3. T here w as 4. W as th ere
UNIT 38 UNIT 36 36.1 2 ’ d rather read
38.1 3. T he re ’ s I T he re is a hospital
4. There isn ’ t a sw i l11 min g p ool
3 . 1’ d rath er h ave
5. T h ere a re t wo 1110v ie th ea te rs
4. 1’ d rather w ait
6. Th ere isn ’ t a u nJ ve rsJt y.
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4. wo uld yo u rather wa tch
7. There a ren ’ t an y bi g ho tels.
째 매다 다 돼
36.2 2. wo uld yo u rath er have / ea t dinn er 3. wo uld yo u rather have / drink
m
38.3 2. T h ere ’ s I T he re is
3. to go
5. there we re n ’ t 6. T h ere was n't 7. W e re the re
8. T he re w asn' t 9. Th e re w as
10. there w eren ’ t 39.3 2. The re a re 3. T he re was 4. T he re ’ s I T h ere is
‘
36.3 2. take
4. T h ere was a sl11 all table
5. T h e re ’s b ee n I The re h as be en or T h ere w as 6 . the re w as 7. the re w ill b e
4. ge t / h avelfind
3 . is th ere
8. th ere we re .. . there are
5. ca rry / do 6 . see I call I talk to I sp ea k to ... to se nd I to w rit e
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
9. There h ave b ee n
36.4 2. 1’ d rathe r b e a journ ali st I a sc hool teac he r 3. 1’ d rath e r live in a bi g c it y I in a small tow n 4. 1’ d rath er h ave a sm all ho u se I a bi g ho us e. 5. 1’ d rath er study elec tr o ni cs I philosophy 6 . 1’ d rath er wa t ch a soccer ga m e I a m ov ie. π
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284 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
There a re ar e ther e There isn ’ t Is the re Are th ere The re ’s I T he re is ... T he re aren ’ t
38.4 2.-6 . The re are eig ht plane ts in th e solar sys te m. The re are fi ve playe rs o n a bas ketb all tea l11 . There a re t we nt y-s ix le tt ers in the E n glish alphabe t. The re a re thirt y d ays in Septe l11 b e r. There a re fifty states in th e Unite d States
10. th ere will b e
or
th ere are
UNIT 40
40.1 2. It ’ s cold . 3 . It ’ s w ind y. 4. It ’ s sunny / clea r. ni ce d ay. 5. It ’ s sn o wlng . 6 . It ’ s c1 o udy. 40.2 2 . It ’ s I It is
3. Is it 4. is it . Jt’ s I it is 5. It ’ s I [t is 6 . Is it 7. I S Jt ‘
or
It ’ s a
41.6
8 . It ’ s / It is
2. Yes , 1 d o . 3. Yes , 1 d o.
9. It ’ s / It is
40.3 2. fa r is it fro m th e h o tel to th e b eac h ? 3. H o w fa r is it from N ew Yo rk to W as hin g to n ?
4. H ow far is it fro m your h o use
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
or N o , it isn't Yes , 1 am . or N o , I'm n o t. Yes , 1 do or N o , 1 d o n ’ t Yes , 1 w il l. or N o , 1 w o n ’ t Yes , 1 h ave or N o , 1 or N o , 1 didn ' t. or N o . 1 wasn ’ t
10. Yes , I was
3. It
UNIT
T h ere
42
2 . Yo u do?
It . .. th e re
5. 1 d o? 6 . Sh e did ?
3 . Yo u didn ’ t ?
IJ
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It
m
41
41.1 2 . is
5. w iJ l
3. ca n
6 . was
5 N e ither d o 1. or 1 d o. 6. So did 1. or 1 didn ’t. 7. N either h ave 1. or 1 h ave. 8. N e ith er do 1. or 1 do. 9. So am 1. or 1’ m n o t 10. N either was l. or 1 was. 1 1. N e ith er di d 1. or 1 did 12. So d o 1. or 1 d o n ’ t.
41.2 2 ’ m not 3 . we re n ’ t 4 . h ave n ’ t
5. isn ’ t 6 . h as n 't
42.2 8. Yo u are n ’ t ?
3. Yo u h ave? 4. Sh e ca n ’ t ? 5. Yo u w e re? 6 . Yo u didn ’ t? 7. There is?
9. Yo u d id ?
6. d oes 7. d o n ’ t
4. d o
8. didn ’ t
5. did
41.4 2 . 1 like sp o rt s , but m y sist er d oesn ’ t.
3 . 1 do n ’ t eat m ea t , but J enny does . 4. 1’ m Ame ri ca n , but m y hu sband isn ’ t. 5. I ha ve n ’ t b ee n to J ap an , but J enny h as.
41.5 2 . w asn ’ t
7. h as
3 . is 4. d oes 5. ca n ’ t 6 . d id
8. d o 9. h as n ’ t
10. w i Jl 11. mi g ht
6. Yo u sh o ul d n ’ t go
44.2
11. Yo u won't ? 12. It isn’ t ?
3. T h ey didn ’t und e rstand 4 . H e do es n ’ t li ve h ere. 5. Do n ’ t go awayl
5 ‘ do n ’ t yo u
3. w as n ’ t sh e 4. h aven ’ t yo u
6 . does n ’ t h e
7. wo n ’ t y ou
6 . 1 didn ’ t d o th e d ish es
44.3 2 . T h ey h ave n ’ t arrive d. 3 . 1 d idn ’ t go to th e ba nk.
42.4
4. H e d oes n ’ t sp ea k J ap an ese.
6 . d idn ’ t sh e 7. was it 8. d oes n ’ t sh e 9. w i Jl yo u
4. ca n ’ t yo u
5. d o yo u
5 . W e we re n ’ t ang r y 6. H e won't b e h appy 7. Do n 't ca Jl m e to ni g ht 8 . It didn ’ t rain yes te rd ay 9. 1 co uldn ’ t h ea r th e m
43
10. 1 do n ’ t b eli eve yo u.
2 . eith er
5. eithe r
3. too 4. too
6. eith e r
7. too
43.2
Exa mple answers:
3. 1 h ave n ’ t h ad dinne r
2. 1 d o n ’ t like ch eese
43.1
3. d oes n ’ t
2. T h eya ren ’ t / T h ey ’ re n o t m arri ed
10. Sh e d oes?
2 . are n ’ t th ey
UNIT
41.3
44
5. W e wo n ’ t b e Iate
2. are yo u 3 . isn ’ t she
4 . h as
1 d o n ’t.
4. It isn't cold to d ay.
42.3 UNIT
or
I am .
44.1
42.1
it
3 It s u
4. So d o 1
UNIT
4. It ... It
[
Yes , it is.
9. Yes , 1 did.
40.4
5. 6. 7. 8.
or N o , I d o n ’ t. or N 0 , 1 d o n ' t.
h ave n ’ t.
to th e airp o rt ?
or
3. N either am 1.
44.4 2
’m n o t / a m n o t
3. ca n 't 4 . d oesn ’ t 5. isn ’ t / ’ s n o t
2 So a m I 3. So h ave I
6. d o n ’ t . .. h ave n ’ t
4. So d o 1‘
8. di d n ’ t
5. So w ill 1.
9. h ave n ’ t
‘
7. Do n ’ t
6. So was 1
7. N either 8 . N eith er 9. N eit h er 10. N eit h er 11. N eith er
10
、No n ’t
ca n 1.
11
didn ’ t
did I
12 、'1 e r e n ’t 13. h asn ’t
h ave 1 am
1
14. sh o uldn ’ t
‘
do 1
44.5 43.3
3 . H e wasn’ t bo rn in Los An geles . 4 . H e d oesn ’ t like Los An ge les
1. So a m 1.
2 . So can 1.
or
I ca n ’ t
5. H e ’ d like to li ve som eplace else.
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 285
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
H e ca n dri ve. H e h as n't tr ave led ab roa d H e doe sn ’ t rea d th e newspape r. H e isn't interested in p o li t ics . H e u suall y wa tch es TV at ni gh t. 11. He didn ’ t wa tch T V last ni gh t. 12. H e w ent out las t ni ght ‘ UNIT 45
45.1 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
W ere yo u late thi s m o rnin g? H as K ate see n th at m ov ie? Will yo u b e h ere to m or row? [s Paul going out to ni ght ? D o yo u like yo ur job ? Does Nicole li ve nea r here? D id yo u enj oy th e m ov ie? D id yo u ha ve a good vaca ti o n ?
45.2 2 . Do yo u use ... a lo t ? 3. D id yo u u se it yes terday? 4. D o yo u enj oy dri v ing? 5. Are yo u a goo d dri ve r ? 6. H ave yo u ever had an acc ide nt?
45.3 3. What are th e children d oing? 4. H ow is c h eεse m ade? 5. ls yo ur sister co min g to th e part y? 6 . Why don ’ t yo u tell th e truth ? 7. H ave yo ur g uests arri ved ye t ? 8 . What time does yo ur pl an e leave? 9. Why didn ’ t J enny go to wo rk? 10 . W as yo ur ca r d am aged in th e acc ident?
45.4 3. 4. 5‘ 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11. 12.
are yo u reading? d id she go to b ed ? are th ey going (o n vaca tion)? d id yo u see hi l11 ? ca n ’ t yo u com e (to th e part y)? has sh e Inoved ? (m on ey) do yo u need ? doesn’ t she like yo u ? d oes it rain ? d id yo u do it ? I th e shopping? r-
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286 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
4 ‘ Who took yo ur u l11 brell a? I Who took it? 5. What m ade yo u sick? 6 . W h o ’ 5 I W ho is co ming?
46.2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12 .
Who did yo u ca ll? What h appene d las t ni ght ? Who kn ows th e answ er? Who did th e di shes? W h at d id J ane / she d o? W h at wo ke yo u up ? W h o saw th e acc id ent ? W h o d id yo u see? Who h as yo ur pe n I it ? Wh at does thi s wo rd I it m ea n ?
46.3 2. ca lled yo u ? di d she wa nt ? 3. Who d id yo u as k? What did he say? 4 . 재1 h o go t l11 arri ed ? Who told yo u ? 5. Who d id yo u m eet ? Wh at did sh e tell yo u ? 6. Who wo n ? Wh at did yo u d 。 (a ft ε r th e ga l11 e)? 7. Who gave yo u th e boo k? What did Ca th eri ne give you ? UNIT 47
47.1 2. are “ loo kin g fo r? 3 . Who d id yo u go to th e n1. ov ies WIth ? 4. What/ Who was th e 1110v ie ab out ? 5. Who did yo u give th e 1110 ney to? 6 . Who was th e book w ritten by?
47.2 2 . are th ey look in g at ? 3‘ 4. 5. 6.
is h e go in g to? are th ey talking ab out ? is sh e Ii sten in g to? are th ey wa itin g fo r?
47.3 2. Which ho tel d id . ‘ . stay at ? 3. Which tea l11 does he b elo n g to I pl ay fo r? 4 . Whi ch school did yo u go to?
47.4 2. What is th e foo d like? 3 Wh at are th e people like? 4 . What is th e wea th er like? ‘
47.5 2. What was th e 1110v ie like ? 3. Wh at w ere th e cl asses like? 4. 매T h a t was th e ho tellike ? UNIT 48
48.1 3. colo r is it? 4. What time did yo u 5 . What ty pe of l11 u sic do yo u like? 6 . Wh at k ind o f ca r do you w ant (to buy) ?
48.2 2 . Whi ch coa t 3. Which 1110v ielfil l11 4. Which bu s
48.3 3. 4. 5. 6.
Which What What Whi ch
7. 8. 9. 10.
Which Who What Which
48.4 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
H ow H ow H ow H ow H ow
fa r old often dee p lon g
48.5 2 . H ow h eavy is this box? 3. 4. 5. 6.
H ow old are yo u ? How mu ch did you sp end ? H ow oft en do yo u w atch TV? H ow fa r is it from N ew York t o Los Angeles ?
UNIT 49
49.1 2 . H ow lon g d oes it take to ge t fr om H o usto n to M ex ico C ity by ca r? 3 . H ow lo n g does it take to ge t fro m To kyo to Kyoto by train ? 4. H ow lo n g does it take to ge t fro m JFK Airp o rt to M anhattan by bu s?
49.2
50.4
4. (that) sh e didn ’ t want to go
2. iflw heth er they are marri ed?
5. (that) 1 co uld have it
2 . It takes . . . hours to f1 y from . .. to Australia
3. 00 yo u know iflw heth er Sue know s Bi ll?
6. (that) h e ’ d I he would se nd
3. lt ta kes ... years to beco m e a do ctor in ‘ . . 4. It takes ‘ . . to walk from my home to the neare st supermarket 5 ‘ It tak es ... to get from m y hou se to the nearest airport
4. 00 yo u know iflwhether Gary wi 11 be h ere tomorrow? 5. 00 you know iflwhether he pa sse d his exa m?
7. (that) h e ’ d I he h ad gone
Example al1 sUJers:
49.3 2 . How lon g did it take you to walk to th e station?
3. How lon g did it take him I Tom to paint the bathroom?
4. How long did it take you to learn to ski? 5 . How long did it take them to repair th e co mputer?
49.4 2. It too k u s 20 minut es to walk I get home 3. It took m e six months to lea rn to drive .
4. It took Mark / him three hour s to drive I get to Houston
5 . lt too k Li sa / her a long time to find I get ajob 6. lt too k me ... to UNIT
50
50.5 2. yo u know where Paula is? 3. 00 you know ifl wheth er sh e is I she ’ s working today? 4. 00 yo u know what time sh e starts work? 5. 00 yo u know iflwhether th e banks are open tomorrow? 6 . 00 you know where Sarah and Tim live?
7. 00 yo u know iflwhether they went to J a n e ’ s party?
50.6 Exa mple al1 sUJers 2. 00 you know what time the bu s lea ves? 3. Excuse 1ne , can you tell m e where the station is?
4. 1 don ’ t know what 1’ m gOlng to do tonigh t. 5. 00 yo u know ifthere ’ s a res tau rant near here? 6. 00 you know how much it cos ts to rent a car?
50.1 2 . where sh e / Sue is.
UNIT
3. 1 don ’ t know how old it is.
51.1
4. 1 don ’ t know when he ’ 11 I
51
She said (that) she wa s very busy.
?
Paul will be here. 5. 1 don ’ t know why he wa s angry
3 She sa id (that) she couldn ’ t go
6. 1 don ’ t know how long she I Oonna ha s lived here
4‘ H e sa id (that) he had to
50.2 2. where sh e / Susan works
3. what he / Peter sa id 4. why h e went home ea rl y 5. what time the meeting b egin s 6. how the accident happened
50.3 2. are you 3. th eya re 4. the mu se um is 5. do you want 6. elephants ea t 7. lt I S
‘
to th e party go out. 5. H e sa id (that) he was lea rnin g Russian.
6. She sa id (that) she didn ’ t feel very wel l. 7. They said (that) th ey ’ d I they
would be home late.
8. She sa id (that) she ’ d I sh e had ju st gotten back from vacat lO n. 9. She sa id (that) she was going to buy a new co mput er 10. They sa id (that) they didn ’ t ha ve a key
51.2 2. (that) she wasn ’ t hungry
me a po stca rd home
8. (that) he wanted to watch TV 9. (that) she was going to th e mov1es
51.3 3. sa id 4. told 5. tell 6. say UNIT
7. sa id 8. told 9. tell
10. say
52
52.1 3. call 4. call Paul
5. to ca ll Paul 6. to call Paul 7‘ ca ll Paul 8. to call Paul 9 . ca ll Paul 10 ‘ ca ll Paul
52.2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
get going watch
f1 ying li stening
8. ea t
9. wa lt1 ng
10. wear 11. doing ... sta y ing
52.3 4. to go
5 ra1n 6. to leave 7. help 8. studying 9. to go 10. wearing 11. to stay 12. taking 13 ‘ to have 14 . h ea r 15. go 16. listening 17. to make 18. to be ... tak e 19. u se
3. (that) he needed it
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 287
UNIT 53
54.2
53.1
2. me to turn left after the bridge.
2. for the movie to begin
3. him to go to the doctor 4. me to help he r. 5. him to come back in 10 mlnutes 6. me use hi s phone 7. her not to call before 8:00. 8. her to play the piano
4. for you to tell me
니 뼈
‘따
뼈
288 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
때
tonight 6. 1 want you to meet Sarah.
to for
on
νJ
I 55.4
54.1 2. you to listen carefu lly. 3. want you to be angry. 4. want me to wait for you? 5. 1 don ’ t want you to call m e
·”
2. 1 don ’ t have time to talk to you now. 3. 1 called Ann to tell her about the party 4 . 1’ m going out to do some shopping. 5. 1 borrowed so me money t。 buy a ca r.
to to for
m
Example answers:
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
닮-
π
read the newspaper open thi s door gεt some fresh air wake him up see who it was
55.3
2. 1 don ’ t like driving I to drive 3. Ifit ’s a nice day tomorrow, 1’ d like to have a picnic by the lake. 4. When 1’ m on vacation , 1 like to do I doing very littl e. 5. 1 don ’ t mind traveling alone , but 1 prefer to travel with somebody 6. 1 wouldn ’ t like to live in a big city
UNIT 54
。
1. 1 enjoy cooking.
。
ans.νeη;
。
Example
rl-
53.4
”u
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u
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w
56.2
55.2 to to to to to
.m
m
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to a coffee shop to meet a friend 1 went to the drugstore to get some medicine 1 went to the supermarket to buy some food
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
“
m o”n n U
55.1 2.-4.
going I to go to mu se ums to go writing I to write e-mails to go (there) traveling by train walking
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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UNIT 55
53.3
5 -(h {/ 6 ]
8 n 9 6]
7. borrow 8. to tell 9. to make / get 10. think
7. ralnlng 8. to go 9. watching I to watch 10. to wait
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53.2 2. to help 3. to see 4. reading 5. to lose 6. to send
3 t 4 t
τ
54.3 2. to repeat 3. wait 4. to arrive 5. to get 6. go
3 . for it to arrive
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3. to see 4. to swim 5. cleaning 6. to ask 7. visiting 8. going 9. to be 10. waiting 11. to do 12. to speak 13. to go 14. crying I to cry 15. to work . .. talking
55.5
7 to 8. to 9. for 10. for 11. to ... for ‘
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
went fishing goes swimming going skiing go shopping went jogging/running
56.3 2. to college 3. shopping 4 ‘ to bed 5. home 6. skiing 7. riding 8. for a walk 9. on vacation .. . to Hawaii
UNIT 57 57.1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
get your jacket get a doctor get another one getsthejob get some milk get a ti cket gets a good salary get a lot of rain 10. get a new computer
57.2 2. 3. 4. 5.
getting getting getting getting
dark married ready late
57.3
60.4
UNIT 59
2. get wet
3. got married 4. gets angry
59.1 3. He doesn’ t have / hasn't got
4 Gary had ‘
5. got lost
5. Do you have / Have you got 6. we didn ’ t hav e
6. get old
7. got better
57.4
정
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58.3 8. make 9. do
10. making 11. made
12. make . . . do
2. have something to eat 3. had a glass of water 4. had a bad dream 5. had an accident 6. have a baby UNIT 60
60.1 2. him
3. thεm 4. her
5. him 6. them 7. her
60.2 2. 1 ... them
3. he ... her
4 ‘ they ... us 5. we ... him 6. she .. . them 7. they ... me 8. she ... you
60.3 2. him 3. like it 4. you like it 5. don't like her 6. Do you like them
a
이
t O ’h a % ,?
리
r
59.4
2. ’ re / are doing (thεir) homework. 3 ’ s /i s doing the shopping or ’ s /i s shopping. 4. They ’ re / They are doing (their) laundry 5. She ’ s / She is making a phone cal l. 6. He ’ s / He is making the / his bed 7. She ’ s / She is doing/washing the dishes. 8. He ’s / He is making a (shopping) list 9. They ’ re / They are making a movle 10. He ’s / He is taking a picture / photograph
때 뼈
니
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11. doing
58.2
2. make 3. do 4. done 5. made 6. did 7. do
6 H% g H% a 7 A R yh φ
10. do
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9. making
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8. make
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7. done
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58.1
y
「
w
s
일 이페
58
him
8. them
them
9. me
they us
10. her 11 . them
it
12.he ... it
She
60.5 2. ittohim
3. 4. 5. 6.
give them
to
her
give it to me give it to them give th em to us
UNIT 61
61.1 2. her
야 버 야 벼 α
3 H 4 D
2. do 3. make 4. made 5. did 6. do
*ij
%3
4. got on
UNIT
야
띠
2. got off 3. got out of
야
댄
57.5
ω없
10:00.
a 이
home at 8:30 and got to the airport at
」미mμ
(Exa 따m떼e an s ψ !ver) 1 le 삼
Q
ι
4.
μ ”
got home at midnigh t.
Y πu η샤 f
2. got to New York at 12:00 3. 1 left the party at 11: 15 and
7‘ She doesn ’ t have / hasn ’ t got 8. Did you have %2 2 ’ s//n ’h m ” p u 3 ’ s// ” ’h ”“ f{ m 4 ’re n wf ’h 5 T’t mf , /// du U er ln 6 T‘t r, R /// R ?a n nm ]‘ r
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
3. our hands
4. his hands 5. their hands 6. your hands
61.2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
their our with her live with my lives with his parents. with your parents live with their parents
61.3 2. thεlr 3. hi s 4. his 5. her
6. their
7. her
8. their
61.4 2. his
8. her
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
9. their
Their our
10. my
her
11. 1ts
my
12. His ... his
your
61.5 2. my key 3. Her husband 4. your coat
5. their homework 6. his name 7. Our house
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 289
UNIT 62
62.1 2. mine 3. ours
6. yours 7. mine
4. hers
8. his
5 ‘ theirs
4. our 5. yours
6. us 8. their 9. mine
2. yours 3. my ... Mine 4. Yours ... mine
UNIT 64
5. her
64.1
6 ‘ My .. 7. their
‘
hers
8. Ours 3. friend of hεrs 4. friεnds of ours 5. friend of mine 6. friend of his 7. friends of yours
α!hose
camera
hers αThose
gloves are ’ re / are mine 4. αThose hat is this? It ’ s his.
5. Whose money is this? It ’ s yours 6. Whose books are these? They ’ re / They are ours UNIT 63
12. 13.
2. myself
6. himself
3. herself 4. themsel ves
7. yourself
14.
8. yourselves
2. was by hi msel f. 3. go out by yoursel f. 4. went to the movies by mysel f. 5. lives by hersel f.
2. her ... her name 3. know them ... can ’ t remember their 4. know you ... 1 can ’ t remember your name
63.2 him them at their with mε at my with her at her
6. to stay with you at your
63.3 2. hers 3. him mine 4. our ... us theirs ‘
4. They don ’ t know each other
her his
6 . your ... you ours 7. their ... them yours
290 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
5. Daniel ’s 6. Paul ’ s 7. grandmother 8. sister 9. Julia ’s 10. father 11.
Albert 。’s
9. an
7. a
66.2 2. a vegetable 3. a ga l11 e
7. a fruit
a present.
3. Pedro ’s 4. brothζr
6. an
‘
6. They gave each other presents /
65.1
8. an
6. a planet
5. They ’ re / They arε slttmg next to each other
UNIT 65
4. an
5. a
‘
2. see each other 3. call each other a lot.
5. us 6. ourselves
UNIT 66
4 a tool 5. a l11 0untain
64.3
64.4 3. each other
OK Si l11 0n ’ s phone number My brother ’ sjob OK OK Paula’ s favorite color your l11 0ther ’ s birthday My parents ’ house OK OK Sylvia ’ s party OK
66.1 2. a 3. a
64.2
4. yourselves
63.1
5. her
11.
6. live by themselves.
62.4
2. 3. 4. 5.
10.
5. myself
62.3
3.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
7. her
62.2
2.
65.3
63.4 2. them 3. him
8. a river 9. a flower
10. a musical instru l11 ent 66.3 2. a sales clerk
7. each other
3. an architect
8. each other 9. them
4. He ’ s a taxi drive r. 5. He ’ s an εlectrician.
10. themselves
6. She ’ s a photographe r. 7. She ’ s a nurse 8. a/ an .
66.4 2.-8. TO l11 never wears a ha t. 1 can ’ t ride a bicycle My brother is an artist. Rebecca works in an office. Jane wants to learn a foreign language Mike lives in an old house. Tonight 1’ m gomg to a party.
5. umbrell as
5. OK
6. addresses
6 . . . . an apple
69.4 2 . eyes
7. kni ves
7. ... a pa rt y .
3. h air
8 . sa nd w ich es
8
9. fa mili es
9
‘
‘
a wo nde r ful thin g
4. informati o n
.
an island
5. ch airs
10 . fee t
10 . . .. a key
6 . f urnitur e
11. ho lid ays
11. OK
7. job
12. p o tato es
12 ‘ • ‘ . a goo d id ea 13. . .. a ca r?
8 . wond erful wea the r
67.2 2. tee th
14 . . . . a cup ofcoffee?
70.1
15. O K
3 . peo ple 4. childre n
16 .
3 a
a coa t
‘
‘
4. the
5. fish
68.3 2. a pi ece of woo d
6 . leaves 67.3 3. . .. with a lo t ofb ea utiful trees . 4. . .. with two men
3. a glass of wa ter 4 . a bar o f soa p
5. ac up o ft ea
5. OK
6 . a pi ece of pap er
6 . . .. thr ee children
7. a b owl of so up 8. a loaf o fbr ea d
7 ‘ M os t o f m y friends are students 8 . H e put o n hi s pajamas
9. OK 10 . Do yo u kn ow m any people .. 11. 1 like yo ur pants. Where did yo u ge t them ? 12 ‘ . . . fu 11 of tourists 13. OK 14 ‘ These scissors aren ’ t 67.4 2. are
7. D o
3 . do n ’ t
8. are
4 wa tch 5. w ere
9. them 10. so m e
‘
6. live
UNIT 68 68.1 3 a pitc he r 4 . wa te r ‘
5. toot hp as te 6 . a to o thbru sh 7. an egg 8. m o ney 9. a wa ll e t 10. sa nd 11. a bu cke t 12. an e nve lo pe 68.2 3. ’ ‘ ’ a ha t. 4 . . . . aj ob '
UNIT 70
9. a j a r of ho ney
5. an 6 . th e ... th e 7. a ... a
8. a .. . a 9 . . . . a stud e nt ... a j o urn ali st .. an ap artme nt nea r the college The apartm e nt ‘
IS
10
UNIT 69 69.1 2 . a news pape r/ pap er , so m e f1 0we rs / a bunch o f f1 owe rs, and a pen 3 . 1 bo ug ht so m e stamp s, so m e pos tca rds , and so m e brea d / a loa f of brea d 4 . I bo ug ht so m e too thp as te / a t ub e of too thp as te , sO ll1 e soap / a bar of soa p , a nd a co mb 69.2 2. W o uld yo u like so n1. e coffee / a cup o f co ffee 3. W o uld yo u lik ε so n1. e coo ki es / a coo ki e 4. W o uld yo u lik ε sO ln ε brea d ? (or . .. a pi ece of bread? / a sl ice of brea d ?) 5. W o uld yo u like a sa nd wic h ? 6. W o uld yo u like sO ll1 e ca ke / a pi ece / slice of ca k e 69.3 2 . sO ll1 e ... sO ll1 e
3 . SO l11 e 4. a SO lne 5. an ... sO ll1 e ‘
6. 7. 8. 9.
a ... a
’
“
sO ll1 e sO ll1 e so m e ... a
sO l11 e
‘
t wo childre n , a boy a nd a gir l. The b oy is seve n yea rs old , and the girl is three i n a fac tor y ... does n ’ t h ave aj o b ...
70.2 ? the airport 3 . a c up 4 . a ni ce pi c ture 5. the di cti o n a ry
6. the f1 00 r 70.3 2. . .. se nd me a pos tca rd 3 . Wh at is the na ITle of 4
‘
a ve r y bi g co untr y
5. What is the larges t .. 6 . . .. the colo r of the ca rp e t. 7. .
‘
a h ead ac he .
8 . . . . an o ld ho u se nea r the statl o n . 9. . .. the nam e of the direc tor of the 1l1 0v ie . ‘
UNIT 71 71.1 3
the second f1 00 r
“
4 . . .. the moo n ? 5 the b es t hotel i n this tow n ? ‘
6. OK 7. . . . the foo tb all stadiu ll1 ? 8. . . . the end of 1\il ay 9. OK 10 . .. . the fir st tim e 1 l11 e t her
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 291
m
때
m
n UR
。
n
“
없
m qM1
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m
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e
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t
l
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U
,
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υ 객 “
υ
[
앵
μμ ”
OK
ν ι
m gSt
T
떠뼈 때 찌따
η
Ok Th I
뼈뼈 싸떼 때 ”
n
t
m m mM
71.2 2 . th e same tim e
3. the s amε age 4. the same color 5. the same problem
71.3 2. the guitar 3. breakfast 4. television / TV
5. the o cean 6 . the bottom 71.4 2 . the name 3. The sk y 4. television 5. The police 6. the capital 7. lunch 8. the l Tl iddle UNIT 72
72.1 2 . the mov ies 3 . the ho spital 4. the airport 5 . ho m e 6. j ail!prison
72.2 3. sc hool 4. the station 5. ho m e 6. be d 7. the pos t o ffi ce
72.3 2. the mo v ies 3. go to b ed
4. 5. 6. 7.
g o to jail!priso n go to the d enti st go to college go to the hos pital / are take n to the hospital
72.4 3. the doc to r 4. OK 5. OK 6. OK
7. the bank
8. 9. 10. 1 1. 12 . 13.
OK OK OK the sta ti o n OK the hospital
14 . OK
15. the th ea te r UNIT 73
73.1 E x ample answers:
UNIT 74
74.1 3. Swe d e n 4. The Amazo n
5. Asia 6. The P ac ific 7. The Rhin e 8 . K enya
9. The United States
10. The And es 11 . B a n gk o k 12 . The Alp s 13. The R ed Sea 14. Ja m aica 15 . The B ah am as 74.2 3. OK
2. 1 don ’ t like d ogs .
4. the Philippines
3. 4. 5. 6.
5. the so uth of Fran ce
1 h ate mu se ums. 1 love bi g c ities. T ennis is all ri g ht
1 love c h ocolate. 7. 1 d o n ’ t like co mput er ga m es. 8 . 1 h ate p arti es .
73.2 E x ample a n slν ers: 2. 1’ m no t interes ted in p o litics. 3. 1 kn ow a lo t abo ut sp o rts
4. 1 d o n ’ t k now mu ch ab o ut art . 5. 1 d o n ’ t know an y thin g ab o ut as tro no m y. 6. 1 know a little abo ut eco nomi cs.
73.3 3. fri e nds 4. pa rtie s 5. The st o res 6. the milk 7. milk 8. b as ketb all 9. co mput e rs 10 ‘ The wa ter 11. cold wa t er 12 . the sa lt 13. the peo ple 14. Veg etabl es 15 . The h o uses 16. the w o rd s 17. pictures 18. the pi c tures 19. English ... internatio n al bu siness
20. M o n ey ... h appin ess
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
the W as hin g to n M o nument
OK the Mu se um o f Art
OK B elg ium is sm a ll er th an the N e th erl and s
11. the Mississippi .. . the Nile 12. the N ati o n al Ga ll er y 13. the P ark H o tel nea r Central P ark 14. OK 15 . The R ocky M o untains are in N o rth Ameri ca. 16 . OK 17. the United Kin gdom 18. the wes t o f lreland 19. the Universit y o f Michigan 20 . The P anam a Ca n al joins the Atl anti c Oce an and the P ac ific Ocea n. UNIT 75
75.1 2. th at ho u se 3. th ese p os tca rd s 4. those birds 5. this seat 6. These di sh es
75.2 2 . Is th at yo ur umbrella? 3. Is thi s yo ur b oo k ? 4 . Are th ose yo ur b oo ks? 5. Is th at yo ur bi cycle / bike? 6 . Are th ese yo ur k eys? 7. Are th ose yo ur keys?
292 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
8. Is this your watch?
8. some
5. no difference
9. Are those yOllr glasses?
9. some
6. any fllrniture
10. Are these your gloves?
10. any ... any
7. no answer
11. some ... any
8. any air conditioning
that ’s
12. some
9. no line
This is
77.2
75.3 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
78.4
That ’s
2. some qllestions
that
3. any pictllres
this is
4. any ... langllages
That ’s
5. some friends
that ’s
6. some milk
ExampLe answers: 2. Three 3. Two cups. 4. None. 5. None.
7. any batteries UNIT 76 76.1 2. need one 3. 1’ m gomg to get one 4. 1 don ’ t have one 5. 1 jllSt had one 6. there ’ s one on First Avenue 76.2 2. a new one 3. a better one
4.
r don ’ t
5. There was no one at home.
have any
6. We found nothing.
5. 1 didn ’ t blly any
79.2
6. 1 bOllght some 7. 1 didn ’ t make any
n- 4
mn mn
1? 1?
md
5 S@
1i
m
R
m
π
1j
6. We don ’ t have anything for dinner 79.3 3a. Nothing.
‘
‘
υ
뼈
m 1?
，이
m a ”” b
ν
”m
5. She didn ’ t hear anything.
” 뼈
”
6 a 7 a b 8 m mh 9 a
4. 1 don ’ t have anyone to help nαe.
7?
‘
3 a 4 a
m mh
η
2
2. anybody on the bus
3. 1 don ’ t have anything to read
이
4. Which ones? The ones on the top shelf
4. There ’ s nothing on TV
3. 1 have some
ν
3. Which one? The one ... a/ the red doo r.
77.3
J 삐대 마 마
76.3 2. ones? green ones
3. have nothing to do.
마 따
6. a different one
79.1 2. nobody in the office.
10. any help
ιy
4. an old one 5. a big one
UNIT 79
8. sO I11.e ... alr 9. sO l11 e fruit
4a. Nobody. / No one.
m
5a. Nobody. / No one. 6a. Nothing.
5. Which one? The black one.
UNIT 78
7a. Nothing
6. Which one? The one on thε wal l.
78.1 2. no stores near here.
8a. Nobody. / No one. 3b. want anything
7. Which one? The tall one with long hai r. 8. Which ones? The yellow ones 9. Which one? The one ... a/ the mustache a nd gla sses. 10. Which ones? The ones 1 took at the party last week UNIT 77
77.1 2. sO l11 e 3 . any 4. any 5. any 6. some 7. any
3 . Carla has no free ti l11 e. 4. There is no light in th is room. 6. There isn ’ t any milk in the fridge 7. There aren ’ t any buses today. 8. TO I11 doesn ’ t have any brothers or slsters 78.2 2. any 3. any 4. no 5. any 6. n。
8. no 9. any
10. no 11. None 12. any
7. any 78.3 2. no
1l1
0ney
3. any qllestions 4. no friends
4b. didn ’ t meet anybody / anyone. or met nobody / no one. 5b. Nobody / No one knows 6b. 1 didn’ t buy a nything. bought nothing
or
1
7b. Nothing happened. 8b. Nobody / No one was late.
79.4 3. anything 4. Nobody / No one 5. Nothing 6. anything 7. anybody/ anyone 8. nothing 9. anything 10. anything 11. nobody / no one
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 293
12. anything
5. a11 day
13. Nothing
6. a11 day
14 . Nobody I No one anybody/ anyone
7. every day
UNIT 80 80.1 2. something
5. Every
9. every
4
5
6
e E
7
%
3b. 1 don ’ t want anything.
8
Fm
4b . 1’ m not looking for anybody I anyone. 80.3 3. anything
n/
”” 까 지
2b. going anywhere.
””
5. somebody/someone
5. has
6. something
6. was
3. nothing to do 4. anywhere to sit 5. something to drink
6. nowhere to park 7. something to read
8. somewhere to stay UNIT 81 81.1 2. Every day
rs V/ f
5. Neither
m
“‘;
6. both
11 ‘ Both 12. neithεr of
7. Either
13. Both
8. neither of
14. either of
83.2 2. Both windows 3. Neither man is ofthem is
or
or
6. Neither answer I Neither of the answers is
7. makes 8. Is ... Does
83.3 3. Both ofthem are
UNIT 82
4. Neither of them has
82.1 3. Some
5. Both of them live in Boston.
4 . Most of
6. Both of them like to cook.
5. most
7. Neither of them can play the piano.
6. any of 7. all
or
8. Both of them read the newspaper
all of
8. None of
9. Neither ofthenα is interested
9. any of
III
sports
10. Most 11. most of
UNIT 84
12. Some 13. A11
or
84.1
All of
2. many
14. some of
3. much
15 ‘ most of
4. many
82.2 2. A11 of them
5. many 6. much
3. Some of them.
8. many
9. 10 . 11. 12.
How many How much How much How many
7. much
4. None of them
4. Every room
6. None ofi t.
84.2 2. much time 3. many countries
82.3 3. Some people
3 . a11 day
4 . Some of the questions . . . Some questions
4. every day
5. OK
4. many people 5 01
‘
much luggage
6. many times 84.3 2 a lot of interesting things ‘
3. a lot of accidents
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
Neither
5. Both buses I Both of the buses go or ... are gOlllg
IS
6. A11 insects
294
or
4 . Both men have (got) Both of them have .
5 . Most of them
81.2 2. every day
m
rs
3. every time 5 . every word
m
9. Neither 10. either of
4. Neither
3. has 4. likes
80.4 2. anything to eat
m
83.1 3. Both
81.5 2. is
4. anything
7. anybody/ anyone ... nobody I no one 8. anything 9. Nobody I No one 10. anybody / anyone 11. Nothing 12. anywhere 13. somewhere 14. anything 15. anybody / anyone
V /
7 대
2 % 3 E 4 %
UNIT 83
。ε
4a. Nobody. I No one.
8. a11
。ε
3a. Nothing.
4. a11
nηη
80.2 2a. Nowhere.
εvery
7.
p 뼈 υ뼈빼 ν빼뼈배뼈
4. somebody/ someone
6. a11
3. a11
없
3. somewhere
81.3 2. every
7. OK (or ... a11 of these books) 8. Most of t h e students . .. or Most students 9. OK 10. . .. most of the night
잉
1l1
，
3
빼-願M
b
3 . yo u like classica l mu sic?
n-]
84.4 3 . a lo t of snow
86.1 2. like th at g ree n j ac ke t .
2
5. a lo t of t raffic
UNIT 86
w-뼈
4. a lo t of fun
4. OK
4. 1 h ad a wo nd erflll trip
4.
5. a lo t of m o ney
5. W e wen t to a ] apan ese res tau ra nt
5. hi g her
6. OK
7. OK 8. a lo t 84.5 3. plays te nni s a lo t . 4. doe sn ’ t u se hi s ca r mu ch . (or . a lo t .) ‘
5. H e d oes n ’ t go o ut mu ch (or . .. a lot .) 6. She travels a lo t.
UNIT 85 85.1 2 . a few
4 . ho t wate r
4. 1110 re m o dern
5. fr es h air 6 . sh arp knife
5. m o re imp o rt ant 6 . be tt er
7. d an ge ro us job
7. la rge r 8.
86.3 2. looks new
10. m o re crowd ed
4. loo k surpri sed
88.3 2 . h o tte r/ wa rm e r 3.
‘
5. a few fri ends
do n 't so und A ll1 eri ca n .
6. a few tim es 7. a few ch a irs 8 . a little fres h a ir 85.3 2. ve ry littl e coffee 3. ve ry littl e rain 4. ve ry few hotels 5 . very little t i ll1 e 6. Ve ry few p eo pl e 7. ve ry littl e wo rk
3. qui e tl y 4. an g ril y
3. a little
6. a littl e
4. little
7. littl e
85.5 2. . . . a lit tle lu ck 3 .. . . a few thin gs
4. OK 5. . .. a few q ues ti o l1S 6. . . . few p eo pl e 7. OK
I11 0 re
diffi clllt
or
88.4 3. tall er 4. h ard er I11 0 re
co mfo rt able
5. fas t
7. ni ce r 8. h eav ier
6. d an ge ro usly
9. m o re inte res ted 10 . wa rmer 11 ‘ be tte r
87.2 2. wo rk ha rd 3 . slee p we ll
12 ‘ bigge r 13. 1110 re b ea lltiflll
4. w in easil y 5 . T hin k ca refull y
14 . sh arp er 15 . 1l1 0 re polite
6 . kn ow her ve r y we ll
16 . wo rse
7. ex pl ain thin gs clea rl y/ we ll
UNIT 89 89.1 3 . ta ll er th an B en .
87.3 2. an g r y
8 q Lll et
4 wo rk earlie r th an
3. slowly
9. badl y
5
4. slow 5. ca reful 6 . h ard
10 ni ce (See Un it 86C.) 11. q ui ckl y
7. sud den ly 87.4 2. we ll 3. good 4. we ll
h a rd er
6. be tte r
8 . C0 111 e qui ckly 5. few
6.
5.
UNIT 87 87.1 2. badly
0 re ex p e nsive
5. fa rthe r
6. d oes n ’ t tas te good
4 ‘ a little Ru ssia n
1l1
4. wo rse
4 . do n ’ t fee l cold. 5. d o n ’ t loo k h eavy
3. A few d ays
0 re se ri o us
3. feel sick .
3
85.2 2 . a little milk
1l1
9. pretti er
86.4 2 . look new
5 ‘ a little 6. a few
dan ge rou s
3. h appie r
6. tas tes terr ible ‘
4 ‘ a few
I11 0 re
88.2 2 . stro n ge r
5. sll1 ell ni ce
3 ‘ a little
85.4 2 . A few
86.2 2 . dark clo uds 3. lo n g vaca ti o n
6.
0 re ex p e nsive
5. w ell
wo rk s h ard e r th a n Li z.
6 1110 re 1110ney th an Li z 7 ‘ b ett er dri ve r th an B en 8 1S nαo r e pat ie nt th an Li z. 9 is a b etter d ance r than Li z . I d ances be tte r th an Li z 10. is more i nt ellige nt than B e n
6. good ... goo d
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 295
11. speaks Spanish better than Ben. / speaks better Spanish than Ben. / ’ s Spanish is better than Ben’ s.
12. goes to the movies more than Liz. / more often than Liz
89.2 2. older than he r. / than she is.
3. harder than me. / than 1 do. 4. watch TV more than him. / than he does. 5 ’ re / are a better cook than me. / than 1 am . or cook better than me. / than 1 do. 6. know more people than us. / than we do 7. have more money than them. / than they do 8. run faster than me. / than 1 can. 9. ’ve / have been here longer than he r. / than she has 10. got up earlier than them. / than they did. 11. were more surprised than him. / than he was
5. more money than C but not as much as A. or ... but less (money) than A 6. harder than A but not as hard as B.
90.2 2. as big as mine. / as my room. 3. get up as early as you. / as you did 4. didn ’ t play as well as us. / as we did 5. haven ’ t been here as long as me. / as 1 have. 6. isn ’ t as nervous as he r. / as she is.
90.3
The Nile is the longest river in Africa. / in the world Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system
UNIT 92 92.1 2. enough chairs 3. enough paint 4. enough wind
92.2 2. isn ’ t big enough. 3. long enough. 4. isn ’ t strong enough
2. as 3. than
6. than
4. than 5. as
8. than
7. as
90.4
92.3 3. old enough 4. enough time 5. big enough 6. eat enough
2. on the same street as Laura.
7. enough space
3. at the same time as Andy.
8. tired enough
4. car is the same color as Laura ’ s.
9. practice enough 92.4
89.3 2. is much younger than his fathe r. 3. cost a little more than yours. / than your camera . or was a little more expensive than
4. much better today than yesterday. / than 1 did yesterday. / than 1 felt yesterday. 5. a little warmer today than yesterday. / than it was yesterday 6. is a much better volleyball player than me. / than 1 am. or is much better at volleyball than me. / than 1 am. or plays volleyball much better than me. / than 1 do. UNIT
Alaska is the largest state in the United States.
90
90.1 2. longer than ... as long as 3. heavier than ... not as heavy as B. 4. older than C . . . not as old as B.
UNIT 91 91.1 2. longer than the longes t. the shortest. 3. is younger than C. C is the oldest . B is the youngest. 4. D is more expensive than A. C is the most expensive A is the cheapest . 5. A is better than C. A is the best D is the worst.
91.2 2. the happiest day 3. the best movie 4. the most popular singer 5. the worst mistake 6. the prettiest city 7. the coldest day 8. the most boring person
91.3 2. is the highest mountain in the world
3.-6 Brazil is the largest country in South America.
296 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
2. sharp enough to cut 3. warm enough to go 4. enough bread to make 5. well enough to win 6. enough time to read
UNIT 93 93.1 2. too heavy 3. too low 4. too fast 5. too big 6. too crowded
93.2 3. enough 4. too many 5. too 6. enough 7. too much 8. enough
9. too 10. too many 11. too much 93.3 3. too fa r. 4. ’slis too expensive. 5. ’5 not / isn ’ t big enough. 6. was too difficult
7 ’s not I isn ’ t good enough
9. is going to college in Septembe r.
8. ’ m / am too busy.
10. saw a beautiful bird in the garden this morning.
9. was too long
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2. ’ re / are all were all born in They alllive in Miami.
have been to Tokyo many t1 mes. 12. left my umbrella in the restaurant last night.
m 」 때 씨찌웰 빼
Japanεse?
5. Do you still go to the movies a lot? 6. Do you still want to be a teacher?
η ‘
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2 . arrived at the hotel early 3. goes to Puerto Rico every year 4. have lived here since 2002. 5. was born in Florida in 1984 6. didn ’ t go to work yesterday 7. went to a wedding last weekend. 8. had my breakfast in bed this morn In g
떠
94.3
wι
2. bought a new computer last week 3. Paul finished his work quickly 4. Emily doesn't speak French very wel l. 5. 1 did a lot of shopping yesterday 6. Do you know New York we ll? 7. We enjoyed the party very much 8. 1 eXplained the problem carefully. 9. We met some friends at the alrport. 10. Did you buy thatjacket in Canada? 11. We do the same thing every day. 12. 1 don ’ t like football very much.
tUG
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94.2
,”
때싸뼈
9. 1 borrowed 50 dollars from my brother
띤-팽뼈
8. OK
4. Are you still studying
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friend a presen t. 7. 1 drink threε cups of coffee every day.
3. you still a student?
w-% T-1 E· 씨
5. OK 6. Jane bought a present for her friend. or Jane bought her
96.1 2. still have an old car?
13. you going to the movies tomorrow night? 14. took the children to school this morning
94.1 3. 1 like this picture very much. 4. Tom started his new job last week.
UNIT 96
parεnts
---
UNIT 94
11.
95.2 2. 3. 4. 5.
is always polite. usually finish work at 5:00. has just started a new job. 1 rarely go to bed before midnight 6. The bus isn't usually late. 7. 1 don ’ t often eat fish 8. 1 will never forgεt what you said. 9. Have you ever lost your passport? 10. Do you still work in the same place? 11. They always stay at the same hotel 12. Jane doesn ’ t usually work on Saturdays. 13. Is Tina already here? 14. What do you usually have for breakfast? 15. 1 can never remember his name.
96.2 2. looking for a job. ’ s /i s stilllooking (for a job) He has 따 found a job 3. was She ’ s / She is still asleep. She hasn't woken up ye t. I She isn ’ t awake yet. or She hasn ’ t gotten up yεt. I She isn ’ t up yet 4. were having dinne r. I were eating (dinner). They ’ re I They are still having dinnε r. I . . . still eating (dinner) They haven ’t finished (dinner) yet. I They haven ’ t finished eating (dinner) ye t.
96.3 2. 1s ... here yet? or Has .. arrived / come yet? 3. Have ... gotten the results of your blood test yet? I Have ... received the ... I Do ... have the . 4. Have you decidεd where to go (for vacation) yet? I Do you know wherε you ’ re going (for vacation) yet?
96.4 3. ’ s/ has already gone / left. 4. already have one. or ’ ve / have already got one. 5. ’ ve / have already paid i t. or already paid it 6. already knows
95.3 2. also speak French 3. 1’ m also hungry 4. and 1’ ve also been to Guatemala. 5. Yes , and 1 also bought some books
UNIT 97
95.4
97.1
1. both play They ’ re / They arε both They ’ ve both got I They
2. it to Gary. 3. gave thεm to Sarah
both have
ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES 297
4. He gave it to his siste r.
5. He gave them to Robert. 6. He gave it to a neighbo r. 97.2 2. Joanna a plant 3. gave Richard a tie.
4 ‘ 1 gave Emma some chocolates / a box of chocolates. 5. 1 gave Rachel some flowers / a bouquet of flowers 6. 1 gave Kevin a pen. 97.3 2. lend me an umbrella? 3. you givε me ... address?
4. Can you lend me 20 dollars?
5. Can you send me some
5. because there was a lot of I UNIT 100 traffic. / because the traffic 100.1 was bad. 2. the driving test , you ’ 11 get 6 . goodbye , got into her car , and your license. drove offlaway 3. you fail the driving test , you can take it again. 98.3 Example an swers 4. If you don ’ t want this magaZ ll1ε ， 1’ 11 throw it away 3. r went to the movies , but the movle wasn ’ t very good. 5 ‘ If you want those pictures , you can have them. 4. 1 went to a coffee shop and met some friends of mine 6. If you ’ re busy now , we can talk late r. 5. There was a movie on television , so 1 watched it. 7. Ifyou're hungry , we can have 111nch now 6. 1 got l1 p in the middle of the night beca l1 se 1 8. If yO l1 need money , 1 can lend couldn ’ t sleep you some UNIT 99
informa 따tion?
6. Can yO l1 show me the letter? 7. Can yO l1 get me some stamps?
5.
showed the police officer my driver ’ s license
UNIT 98 98.1 3.-7 went to the window and (1) looked out 1 wanted to call yO l1, b l1 t 1 didn ’ t have yO l1 r n l1 mber 1 j l1 mped into the river and (1) swam to the other side. 1 l1 sl1 ally drive to work , but 1 took the bus this morning Do yO l1 want mε to come with yO l1, or sh0111d [ wait here?
n4 bl
%
mornlng
•L
m
8. the weather is good
4. while they were away
9. it rains today.
5. before they came here 6. somebody broke into the hO l1 se. 7. they didn ’ t believe me.
100.4 2. When 3 . If
’s n 3.
4. 1f 5. if 6. When
4. 1’ 11 be ... she leaves
7. if
5. stops 6. We ’ 11 come .
8. when ..
99.3 2. 1 finish
we ’ re 7. 1 come ... 1’ 11 bring ’
101.1 3. wanted
4. had 5. were / was
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UNIT 101
%4 %
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8. 1’m 9. 1’ 11 give ... 1 go 10. 1’ 11 tell ... 1’ m
m
me
5. yO l1’ re not wat ch ing i t. 6. she doesn ’ t practlce. 7. 1’ 11 go and see Chris.
3 ‘ they went to live in France.
α
298 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
99.2 2. when they heard the news
μ
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6. When 1 got to the hotel , there were no rooms.
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give it to her
u
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the program ended , 1 t l1 rned off the T V. Whεn
they invite
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.
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buy you a present
‘..
1 go on vacation , 1 always go to the same place.
Whεn
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3. send the letter to me pass me the
5. 1’ 11 be ... get 6. Will you go ‘
싫
4.
3. is
4. 1’ 11 call
3. When 1 called her , there was no answe r.
97.4 2. lend you some money
4. 5. 6. 7.
I
99.1 2. When 1’ m tired , 1 like to watch T V.
2. 1 give
6. didn ’ t enJoy 7. c0111d
8. tried 9. didn ’ t have 101.2 3. 1’ d go / 1 would go 4. she knew
5. we had
102.3 2. who
6 . you won 7. 1 wouldn ’ t / would not stay
3. which
8. we lived
4. which
9. It would be
5. who
10. the salary was / were
6. which
11. 1 wouldn ’ t / would not know
7. who
12. would you change
8 . who 9. which That is also correct in all these sentences’
101.3 2. 1’ d watch it / 1 would watch it 3. we had some pictures on the wall 4. the air would be cleaner 5. every day was / were the samε 6. 1’ d be borεd / 1 would be bored 7. we had a bigger house / we bought a bigger house 8. we would / could buy a bigger house 101.4 Example answers: 2. If 1 could go anywhere in the world , 1’ d go to Antarctica. 3. 1 wouldn ’ t be very happy if 1 didn ’ t have any 감 iends.
-
3
n
lnstrument.
Pi
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104.1
102.4 3 . . . . a machine that / which . makes coffee 4 ‘ OK (which is also correct) 5. . .. people who / that never stop talking. 6. OK (who is also correct) 7. OK (that is also correct) 8. . .. the s εntences that / which arε wrong. 9. . .. a car that / which cost $60 ,000 . UNIT 103 103.1 2. pen you gave me
102.2 2. who opened the door was weanng 3. who took the test passed (it). 4. police officer who stopped our car 、Nasn ’ t very friendly.
3. 4. 5. 6.
in
8. i n
at
9. at
in
10 1n ... a t
in
4. on
11. at 12. in
5. i n
13. on
6. in
14. on
7. on
15. at
8. on
16. at
9. at 10. on
17. on
18. in
104.3 3. B 4. A
8. B 9. both
5. both
10. both
6. A 7. B
11. B 12. both
3. exam is in two weeks. / in 14 days.
5. didn ’ t believe the story he told us 6. much were thε oranges you bought? 103.2 2. meal you cooked was excellent.
4. will be here in half an hour. / .. in 30 minutes 104.5 3. in 4. - (already complete)
5. 6. 7. 8.
3. 1’ m weanng aren ’ t very comfortable. 4. people we invited to dinner didn ’ t come. 103.3 2. you were talking to? 3. the keys you were looking
7. at
104.4 2. call you i n three
4. flowers 1 gave you?
4. A patient is a person who is sick in the hospita l. 5. A dentist is a person who takes care of your teeth. 6. A fc。이 is a person who does stupid things 7. A genius is a person who is very mtεlligent 8. A liar is a person who doesn ’ t tell the tru th.
2. at
104.2 3. at
3. jacket Sue is wearing.
이때
2 w --qa
빼 뼈
빼빽 m-
π-j
뻐-m
4. 1’ d buy a house if 1 had enough money 5. If 1 saw an accident in the street , 1’ d try and help 6. The world would be a better place if thεre wεre no guns.
UNIT 104
9. 10.
11. 12. fo 년
4. party you ’ re going to? 5. the movie you were talking about? 6. music you ’ re listening to? 7. the e-mail you were waiting for? 103.4 2. where you had dinner? 3. town where you live? 4. the factory where you work?
- (already
CO Itψ ete)
in on
- (already complete) - (already complete) - (already complete) in at
UNIT 105 105.1 2. until2003 3. since 2003 4. South Korea until 2007. 5. Australia since 2007 6. in a hotε1 from ... to 2005 7. in a restaurant since 2005. 8. from 1996 to 2002. 9. a journalist since 2002. 11. for years
ANSWER KEY 10 EXERCISES 299
12. lived in Australia for _ _ years 13. in a hotel for three years. 14. has worked in a restaurant for years. 15. was a teacher for six years 16. has been a journalist for _ _ years. 105.2 2. until 3. for 4. since 5. Until 6. for 7. for 8. until
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
since until for until for
106.1 2. after lunch 3. before the εnd
4. during the course 5. before they went to Mexico 6. during the night 7. while you ’ re waltlllg 8. after the concert 106.2 3. while 4. for 5. while 6. during 7. wh iJ e 8. for
n t
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107.1 2. In the box. 3. On the box. 4. On the wal l. 5. At the bus stop. 6. In the field 7. On the balcony. 8. In the poo l. 9. At the window. 10. On the ceiling.
109.1 2. to 3. in 4. to 5. in
1 1. On the table. 12. At the table. 107.2 2. in 3. on 4. in 5. on 6. at 7. in 8. in
106.4 2. in a bookstore for two years after finishing high school 3. going to sleep , 1 read for a few
9. at 10. at 11. in 12. at 13. on 14. at 15. on the wall in the living room
mlnutεs.
4. walking for three hours , we were very tired.
5. have a cup of coffee before gOlllg out.
300 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
108.1 2. At the airport. 3. In bed 4. On a ship 5. In the sky. 6. At a party 7. At the doctor ’ s. 8. On the second floor 9. At work. 10. On a plane 11. In a taxi 12. At a wedding. 108.2 2. in 3. in 4. at 5. at 6. in 7. in 8. at 9. in
6. to 7. to 8. in
109.2 3. to 4. to 5. (at) home . . . to work 6. at 7. - (already complete) 8. to 9. at 10. at a restaurant ... to the hotel 109.3 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. to 6. to
UNIT 108
9. during 10. while
RJ
UNIT 109
Since
UNIT 106
106.3 2. eating an ‘ W% Cu
UNIT 107
10. in 11. on 12. on 13. at 14. in 15. on 16. at
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
at to to at at to Maria ’ s house . - (already complete) mεet
‘
(at) home
at the party ... go the party
t。
109.4 1. to 2. - (already complete) 3. 4. 5. 6.
at in to - (already complete)
109.5 Example answers: 2. Yesterday [- went to work 3. At 11:00 yesterday morning 1 was at work. 4. One day 1’ d like to go to Alaska 5. 1 don ’ t like going to parties 6. At 9:00 last night 1 was at a friend ’ s house. UNIT 110
110.1 2. next to / by 3. in front of 4. between
111.3
5 . n ext to / b y
113.2
6. in front of
1. o ut o f
2. at
7. behind 8. o n th e
2. aro l1 nd
9. in th e
4. fr 0 111 ... to
3. 4. 5. 6.
3. i n
5. aro und 6. on / ove r 7. o ve r 8. O l1 t o f
110.2 2. b e hind 3 . above
4. in front of
to ab o ut of of
7. from
8. in 9. fo r
10. about
5. o n 6. b y / n ex t to 7. b elow / und e r
UNIT112
11. o f
112.1
12. at
2. 3. 4. 5.
8. above
9. und er
10. by / n ex t to 11 . ac ro ss from 12 . on
o n th e pho n e
5. so rry fo r /a b o ut wakin g
2. by
6. Tha l1 k yo u fo r w aiting.
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10. ab o ut ... b y
m
A낙
9. w ith
5. o n 6. b y
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4. ab o ut
, 4l 4
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내때 m 앙
3. w ith
4 . T h e bank / sup e rmark et is n ex t
‘
4 . fe d up w ith wa itin g
112.2
7. at 8. on
5 . P aul ’ s o ffice is above the b o oksto re. 6. T h e book sto re is b e tw ee n th e b a nk and th e sup e rmarl e t .
3. goo d at ge ttin g
011 tel ev isio l1
3. The b ank / b o okstore is ac ross from th e th ea te r. 0 1' P aul ’s o ffi ce is acro ss from th e th ea te r. 0 1' The theate r is ac ross fr0111
to the b oo k sto re. 0 1' The b oo k store is n ex t to th e
2 . interes ted in go in g
이/-껴 j
2 . fo untain is . .. the theat e r.
0 11 vaca ti o n
113.3
『j
110.3
o n ti111e
113.5 Example answers: 2. afr aid o f th e d ark
1. w ith
3 . ve ry goo d at draw in g
2. w ith o ut
4. 1’ m not inte res te d in ca rs 5. 1'111 fe d up w ith li v ing h ere.
3. b y
m
4. ab o Ll t
UNIT 111
5. at
UNIT 114
111.1
6 . by
114.1
2 . und er 3. Go up 4. Go down 5. G o along 6. G o into th e h o te l. 7. G o pa st th e h o tel 8. G o out of th e h o tel ‘ 9. G o over th e bridge . 10. Go throu g h the park .
7. on
2 . to
8 ‘ with
3. fo r
9. at
4.
111.2 2 . o ff 3. o ve r 4. o ut of 5. ac ro ss 6. around 7. throu g h 8. o n 9. around 10. into . . . thr o u g h
10. b y 11. ab o ut 12. b y 13 . o n 14 . with 15. by 16. by
UNIT 113 113.1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
in to at with of
t。
5. at 6. fo r
114.2 2. to 3. o f 4. to
5. fo r 6. fo r
7. o f/ about
8. fo r 9. o n
10. to 11 . at
12. fo r
ANSWER KEV 10 EXERCISES 301
13. to 14. - (a lready complete)
4. out .. . back 5. down
15. to 16. o n 1η17.τ. - (a lrea dy
6. over 7. ba ck 띠 coO이 m ’”때 1
18 . o f/ abou따 Itt 19. at 20 . o f 2 1. for 22 . - (a lready complete)
114.3 Example answers; 3. 0 11 the program. 4. depend s (o n) what it is. 5. It dep end s on th e weathe r. 6 . It depends (o n) h ow much yo u want.
UNIT115 115.1 2. went in
3. lo oked up
4. rode off/ away 5. turn ed around 6. got off 7. sat down
8. go t out
115.2 2. away
3. aro und
302 ANSWER KEY TO EXERCISES
8. in 9. up
10. away ... b ac k
115.3 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11.
Hold o n slowed down takes off get along speak u p broken down fall over / fall down work out gave up went off
UNIT 116 116.1 2. took offher hat. or took her hat off. 3. put down his bag. or put his bag down. 4. picked up the maga zin e. or pi cked the magazine up 5. put on hi s sunglasses . or put hi s s l1 n gla sses on 6. t l1 rned off the faucet. or t l1 rn ed th e fa l1 cet off.
116.2 2. put his jacket on. put 1t on 3. to ok off her gla sses. She took them off. 4. 1 picked the phone up. 1 picked it up . 5 . They gave the key back. They gave it ba ck 6 . We turned offthe lights W e turned them off.
116.3 2. 3. 4. 5.
t ake it ba ck picked them up turn ed it off brin g them ba ck
116.4 3. 4. 5. 6.
kno cked over look it up throw them away tri ed on
7. showed me around 8. gave it up or gave up 9. fill it O l1 t 10. put your cigarette out
Answer Key to Additional Exercises (see page 244) 1
10
6 1. Are yo u
4. T h e children a re as lee p
do yo u li ve
2. we nt 3. fo und
5. Ga r y isn ’ t hun g r y
D o yo u h ave
4. was
6 . T he bo o k s are n ’ t o n th e ta ble.
old is sh e
5. h ad / took
3. is a do c to r
7. T h e hot el is n ea r t h e sta ti o n
2. H ow o ld are yo u
8. T h e bu s isn ’ t fu 11
2 3 . sh e ’ s/s h e is 4. Wh ere a re
Wh at d o yo u d o / Wh ere d o yo u wo rk / Wh at ’ s yo ur job
7. gave 8. w e re
Do yo u like / e nj oy
9. thou g ht
D o yo u h ave
10 . inv ited /as ke d
D o yo u (u su all y) go
5. Is h e 6. 1t ’ s / It is 7. 1’ m / 1 am I ’m
6 . to ld
11
3. Wh at ’s hi s n am e or
N o , 1’ m n o t .
8. Wh at col o r is 9. Is it 10. Are yo u 1 1. H ow mu ch a re th ey?
Wh at d oes h e d o / Wh at ’s his jo b
3 . was go o d at sp o rt s.
D oes he li ve/work i n
5. H e didn ’ t wo rk h ard at sc h ool 6 . H e h ad a lo t of fri end s
7
7. H e didn ’ t h ave a bicycle
4. is 32 yea rs old.
8. H e was n ’ t a q ui et child .
5 . 1 h ave / 1’ ve go t t wo slsters
8. M y car h as a fl at tire.
7
l
11 0 、v
7. Why a re yo u standin g h ere? l ’ m / 1 a m 、;v a itin g for so m eb o d y.
10. M ar y sp ea k s G e rlll.a n ve r y we l l.
4. Sa m d oesn ’ t wa nt
5. Do you wa nt 6. Does H elen 1ive 7. Sa rah kn o w s
8. 1 d o n ’ t trave l
8 4. pl ays 5. 1’ m leav ing 6. [t ’ s ra Jl1J11 g 7. 1 d o n ’ t wa tch 8. we ’ re loo king 9. d o yo u pro noun ce
9. d o you u su a ll y ge t up
10. T h ey d o n ’ t go o u t 11. To m always leaves 12. d oes Ju lia d o .. . She wo rk s
9
M
m
%F
m
2. we go
4. Sh e do e sn ’ t h ave a ca r ‘ 5. She g oε so ut a l o t 6. Sh e h as / Sh e ’ s go t a lo t o f fri end s. 7. She do es n ’ t 1ike H o uston 8 . Sh e likes to d an ce 9. Sh e isn ’ t / Sh e ’ s 110 t interes te d In sp o rt s.
7. 1 n ever rea d
5. [didn ’ t sp eak 6. D id yo u h ave 7. h e didn ’ t
g。
8. sh e a rri ve d 9. did R o b e rt li ve
10. T h e m ea l didn ’ t cos t
3. o p ened 4. ran g ... was coo kin g
5. d o yo u take 6 . Sh e wr ites
4. did you ge t
2. we re w o rkin g
3 . shinin g
3 . Sh e ’ s / Sh e is a stud e nt
3 . 1 fo rg ot
14
4. are yo u going
5
n d,
J mw % J7
13
3. are yo u co oking
4
.
/ T h ey are cO I11. in g
”m
q a
이J
ww “% Jme
g (
m y
“ ι
6
ww
//’
써
9. These fl ow ers are b ea utifu l.
mU
”
q
얀
4 5
5. Is it rainin g? Th ey ’rε
” h” m? ”m h”
M y ca r ’ s go t / h as go t a fla t tJ re
4 . A re th e childre n pl ay ing? 6.
or
H H D
mγ
7. J a n e n ever wea rs a h at.
ω
3
얘ψ ι따 ι따
3
12
빠 씨삐 J 따〕싸 뼈ψ
6. W e often wa tch TV at ni g ht. 3. H e ’ s / H e is ta kin g a sh owe r.
4. H e playe d socce r
5. h ea rd ... loo ke d 6. was looking .. . h appe n ed
8 . T h ey ’ re wat chin g
7. was n ’ t rea din g . .. wa s wa tchin g
9. Sh e ’ s talking
8 . didn ’ t rea d
10 . d o yo u u sually h ave 1 1. H e ’ S VISlt Jl1 g
12 . 1 d o n ’ t d rink
9 . fini sh e d . . . pa id . . . left
10. saw .. . was wa lking
‘
was
wa lt Jl1 g
ANSWER KEY 10 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 303
15
20
3. is pl ay ing 4. gave 5. does n ’ t like
6. did yo ur parents go 7. saw . . . w as dri ving 8. D o you w atch 9. we re yo u doing 10 . goes 11 ’ m / am tr ying 12 . didn ’ t sleep
2. haven ’ t re ad I ’ ve n ever read H ave you seen ’ ve I h ave h ad
H ave yo u (eve r) b een h ave you li ved I h ave yo u b een Ii ving I have yo u bee n 7 ’ ve I h ave kn own
8. ’ s I h as b ee n raini ng or has rained or has bee n horrible / bad
21
3 . ’ s/ h as be en 4. for 5 sll1 ce 6 . h as he live d I has he bee n 7. for 8 ‘ ’ ve / h ave b ee n
18 Exa mple answers: 3. [ ’ ve just started thi s exercise . 4. [ ’ ve l11 et Julia a few ti l11 es 5. [h ave n ’ t had dinn er ye t 6 . [ ’ ve n ever b een to Au strali a 7. [ ’ ve li ved here si nce [ was born . 8. [ ’ ve Ii ve d here for three yea rs
were yo u th ere 2 . h ave yo u had bou ght / go t 3. have yo u li ve d I h ave yo u be en Ii v in g I h ave yo u b een we Iived I w e we re did yo u Iive I we re yO l1 4 . h ave yo u wo rked I have yo u b ee n wo rkin g did yo u d o was I wo rked as
19 bou ght I go t we nt ’ ve / h ave seen or saw h ave n ’ t start ed (it) (ye t) w as didn ’ t see finished or grad uated fro m
10. ’ s/ h as b ee n 11 . was 12 . ’ ve / h ave never m ade
Example answers: 2. 1 didn ’ t go o ut las t ni ght 3. 1 wa s at w ork yes terday aft ern oo n 4. 1 we nt t o a p ar ty a few d ays ago. 5. It was m y birthd ay las t wee k . 6 . 1 we nt t o SO l1 th A l11 eri ca las t yea r ‘
is v isited w ere dam age d be built is b eing c1 ea n ed b e forgo tten h as b een repaired be kept H ave yo u ever b eε n bitten was stolen
2 . was stolen las t wee k . 3 ’ re / are wa nted on th e ph on e. 4. ban an as h ave b een eaten 5. l11 ac hine will b e repaired . 6. ’ re/a re b ein g watched. 7. hou sew o rk h as to b e d one.
27 3. pu shed was pu shed h as taken or too k is b eing rep aired inve nted w as th e call1 era invented ’ ve/ h ave b ee n wa shed or w ere was hed 10 . ’ ve / h ave w as hed th e l11 . or was hed th em . 11. did th ey se nd 12 . be sent 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
28
23 2. B 3. D
9. C 10 . D
4. A
11. A
5. 6. 7. 8.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
26
22
17
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
3 ’ s/ h as li ve d th ere since las t M ay. or ’ s b een li v in g .. 4. sh e left at 4 :00. 5. H ow l11 any ti l11 es h ave yo u b ee n th ere? 6 . 1’ve I [ h ave b een tired all d ay 7. It was o n th e tabl e las t ni ght . 8 . 1’ ve eaten th ere a few ti l11 es 9. What ti l11 e did th ey ge t here?
1. was I did yo u go (th ere) I
16 3. 4. 5. 6.
25
A D C B
12. C 13. B 14 . C 15. A
24 1. was da l11 age d ... be torn
d own 2 . was built ... is l1 sed . .. is being painted 3 . is ca ll ed ... be ca ll ed . . . was chan ge d 4. have b ee n l11 ade . . . are produ ced
304 ANSWER KEY TO ADDITIONAL EXERCISES
2. B 3. A 4. C
5. B 6. C 7. C
8. 9. 10. 11. 12 .
B B A B C
29 1.
B ’ 1 staye d A: di d yo u d o B: 1 wa tched A: Are you go ing B ‘ I'111 going A : are yo u going to see B: 1 do n ’ t kn ow. 1 h aven ’ t d ec ided
2. A: have you been
B: We arrived A: are you staying / are you gomg to stay
A: do you like B: we ’ re having 3. A: 1’ ve just remembered / 1 just remembered - Karen called B: She always calls or She ’s always calling ... Did she leave A: she wants B: 1’ 11 call ... Do you know A: 1’ 11 get 4. A: I ’ m going ... Do you want B: are you gomg A: Have you εver eaten B: 1’ ve been 1 went 5. A: 1’ ve lost / 1 lost ... Have you seen B: You were wearing 1 came A ‘ I ’ m not weanng B: Have you looked / Did you look A: 1’ 11 go ‘
10. We haven ’ t decided
34
11. wants
4. a horse
12. to go 13. 1’ 11 send
5. The sky 6. a tourist
14. you ’ re having
7. for lunch
15. are studying / have been studying
8. the ... the 9. a watch
16. he had
10. remember names (-)
17. he needs
11. the next train 12. sends e-mails (-)
18. We ’ ve been 19. We got
13. the backyard 14. the Majestic Hotel
20. seemg 2 1. 1 liked 22. we went
15. sick last week (-) ... to work (-)
23. we left
16. the ... the
24. had
17. to the radio ... having breakfast (-)
25. he wasn ’ t injured 26. was damaged
.
27. We ’ ve changed / We changed 28. we ’ re leaving 29. We ’ re staying / 찌re ’ re gomg to stay / We'll stay 30. f1 ying 3 1. That will be / That ’ s gomg to be 32. finished 33. 1’1I 1et
18. like sports (-) ... is basketball (-) 19.a ... an 20. the ... the ... the ... the 2 1. After dinner (-) ... watchεd TV (-) 22. northern Mexico (- ) ... the south 35
1. we met
35. are looking
2 ln 3. on
2. we sat / we were sitting
36. We ’ re gomg 37. we ’ 11 send
4. at 5. on
30
3. We didn ’ t know 4 5
H
34. we get
‘
6. in 7. since
11. for 13. i n
12. at 14. at 15. on
6.
8. on
16. by 17. for.
7
9. by
18.to ... in
8 9
10. in
19.at ... in
‘
on
10
11 12 13. 14. 31 2. we ’ re staymg 3. we e 띠 oyed 4. We watched
33 2. a car 3. the fridge / the refrigerator 4. a teacher
5. slept
5. school 6. the movies
6. 1 don ’ t sleep
7. a taxi
7. we ’ re not doing / we ’ re not going to do 8. we ’ re gomg 9. to see
8. the piano 9. computers 10. the same
ANSWER KEY TO ADDITIONAL EXERCISES 305
e
”찌 다
uv
빼
s
빡
hM
C
1.4
A
1. 5
C, D B D C C
1. 6 1.7 1. 8 1. 9
1.1 2A 1.1 3D 1.1 4C 1.1 5A 1.1 6D 1.1 7 C , D 1.1 8 A , D
Past 2.1 2.2 2.3 2 .4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2 .9 2 .10
B
E
D B
A D
A C
C E
Present perfect 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10
B, E D B
D E B
A C
D E
Passive 4.1 4.2 4.3 4 .4 4.5
D C E A A
Future 6.1 6.2 6.3
A A C
6 .4
A, B
6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9
B C D C B, C
Modals, imperative, etc. 7.1 7.2 7.3
7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13
C, D A, C A
D
B C B, D D C C B, D
A B
Rnj n2
B D B A C, E
C A A, C
E
묘
1.1 1 C
B
10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12
Aι
1.1 0A
m-
sD
빼
1.3
E EJ
fD
얘-
A
v-
u e
딴
1. 2
u
Au
갚
B
riil AuVJ G
。
1.1
o
VJil
뼈니
Present
e
vK
-ing and to ... 12.1 B 12.2 D 12.3 B 12 .4 C 12.5 B , C
12.6 C 12.7 A 12.8 D
G 0 , get, do , make , and have 13.1 A , D 13.2 C 13.3 C , D 13 .4 A , D 13.5 B 13.6 D
T'here and it 8.1 8.2 8.3
B E A
8 .4
A
8.5
B
Auxiliary verbs 9.1 9.2 9.3 9 .4 9.5 9.6 9.7
D
A C B B C D
Questions 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4
306 ANSWER KEY TO STUDY GUIDE
D D A A
Pronouns and possessives 14.1 14.2 14.3 14 .4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10
A
C D B B, C A
E A D C
A and the 15.1 15.2 15.3 15 .4 15.5 15.6 15 .7 15.8
C B A, C B B A D C
B
17.5
15 .10 B
?0.6
A
17.6
B B
20 .7
B
15 .11 E
17.7
A, C
20.8
15 .1 2 D
17.8
E
C 20.9 B
15.13 B
17.9
A
20 .10 D
15.14 A
17.10 B
20.11 D
17.11 D
20.12 A
17.12 A
20 .1 3 C
17.13 D
20.14 D
17.14 C
20 .15 A
15 .9
뺨
Determiners and M 16 .2 16 .3 16 .4 16 .5 16.6
C C
B B C A, C
D 16.8 B , D 16.7 16.9
20 .16 E
Word order B 18.2 C 18.3 B 18.1
18 .4
A
18 .5
A, D
20 .18 B 20.19 D 20 .20 D
Phrasal verbs 2 1.1
A
16.11 D
Conjunctions and clauses
16.12 B , D
19.1
C
16 .13 A
19.2
A
16 .14 A, B
19.3
16 .15 D
19 .4
16.16 A , C
19.5
16.17 D
19.6
16.18 B
19.7
16 .19 A
19.8
D E B, C A, B B, D A
Adjectives and adverbs
Prepositions
16.10 B
20.17 C
20 .1
A, D E
17.1
A
20 .2
17.2
C
20 .3
17.3
C
17.4
D
C
2 1.2 A, B 2 1.3
B
C, D 20 .4 B 20 .5 A , D
ANSWER KEY TO STUDY GUIDE 307
Index The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers). a / an 66 a and SOme 68-69 a/ all and the 70
anybody / anyone / anything 77D , 79-80
best
anywhere
between
112E
above
110E
apostrophe (1 ’ 111, Appendix 4
a cross
11 1
apostrophe
across μ。’”
110B
are
active and passive Append ix 1 adjectives 86 get + adjec tive (get lired , et c.) 57B possessive adj ectives (III)' /)'o llr / her , etc.) 61, 63 somethillg / allybod)' , et c. + adjective 80C adjectives an d adverbs 띠1-1 1 래 /qllickly) 87 co mpa ratives (o lder / 1 lore expe /l sive) 88-90 superlatives (the oldest / the /I/O st exp e ll S I 띠 91 adjectives + p reposition (afraid 01, etc.) 113A
’
adverbs 87 word orde r (always / lI sllall)' / ojtell , etc.) 95 advise (a dvise somebod)' to .. .) afraid (of) after ago
54B
11 3A
81
95
always alwa)'s + simp le prese nt word order 95
5C
am / is / are 1-2 al/l / is / are - il밍 (present contin uou s) 3-4 , 24A , 26 , 52C there is / there are 38 an see a 98
angry (at / with / about) another
66B
any a/l y and so me 77 nol + all )' 78 띠 1)' and nO 78 all)' (of) 82
308 INDEX
brother 's car)
( /1 1)'
65
am / is / are
around 111 tllm aroll /l d / sl/O w aro 씨 d (p hrasa l ve rbs) 11 5-116 , Append ix 7 arrive
109C
articles (a / 0 /1 / the) a / 011 66 , 68-69 a / an and th e 70 Ihe 7 1- 74 as (1/0 1 as . . , as)
66-74
aux i1i ary ve rbs
113A
107- 108
conjunctions 98- 101 ‘l/I d/ but / or/ so/becallse 98 κ
24 , 4 1- 43
100-10 1
110E
114A
53C
contrac tions (s hort forms yO Il ’ve , et c.) Appe ndix 4 could / couldn ’ t
[ ’ 111 ,
it ’s,
3 1C-D
countable and un co un tab le nouns 68-69
11 4C
did didn ’I in negati ves 12 , 240, 4 1C , 44B , 52A did in questions 12 , 24D, 41C , 45B , 52A different (from)
113A
direct speech and reported speec h 51 do and make 58 dO /l ’t/ does 1 ’t 111 nega tl ves 6 , 240, 4 1C , 44B , 52A do / does in questions 7 , 240, 41 C , 45B , 52A dO /l ’t go / don ’1foll , etc. (imperative) 37B
’
down 111 sit do l/.시 I / pllt down , etc. (p hrasal ve rbs) 115- 116 , Append ix 6-7
99 , 106 ... o r b탱l ’ I -i"g)
1/'’C잉g)
(cαω ‘0 /1
depend (on)
98
(b앵 illto
31
’u!씨싸/1이써 /시h까ell ’”lμ 까 ““ 까샤 / lb)qψ/ψbr%ψcι/ι11ψ 씨 이v/시써 l
52
belong (to) below
114B
conditional (if . . .) if l do...100 κ I did ... 101
been have /hos been (p l εse n t perfect ) 16-17 bWI and gOlle 21 A there has / have beell 39B begin
112C b)' after th e pass ive (I was bitten by a dog.) 22D b)' l1l )'self / by YOllrse!f, et c. 64C by (= lI ext 씨 110C
comparative (older / IlI ore expensive , et c.) 88-90
be (base form of ol/l /is/are) 0111 /α /o re 1- 2 olll !i s/ore + - i ’잉 (p resent cont in uo us) 3- 4. ?4A. 26 . 52C I/JOS / were 10 1Ilas / llI ere + -;1잉 (past co ntinuou s) 13 , 24A , 52C have / has bew (present p e r f，εct) 16-17 passlve 22-23 , Append ix 1 I/J i11 be 28 because
95
98
continue
base form
before
22C
can /can’ t
90
8:00 / ot IlIght , εtc. 104 th e blls stop / at I/Jork , et c. and to 109 the age of . . . 112B
110A
by
ca11
ask ask sOl/l ebody 10 . .. 54 B ask sOlllebod)' for . .. 114A at ot at at at
88D
both 83 word o rde r but
back collle back / give bock , et c. (p hrasa l verbs) 115-116 , Append ix 7 ill bock of 1 10A
already 96C alread)' + present perfec t o r si m ple past 20B word order 95
and
born
awo)' / thmw oway , εtc. (phra sa l verbs) 115-116 , Append ix 7
111
also (word orde r)
et c.)
YlI/1
18B
along
’S
1 샤，
away
99 , 106
a11 all and ever)' , et c. all (o f) 82 word order 95
seε
better
80
about
91B
53C
during
106
ea c h other
64 0
’
either eil l1 er and roo 43A eil l1 el 끼f) 83 embedded questions (D o yO /l k'I O/l 1 l/Il1 al ... ' , e tc.) 50 e-mail end
씨
10413 , 10 7B
Il1 e ell d of)
enough 92 mO llg l1 and 100
64 A
93 0
,
got pa st of get 11 C , 57 have/has got 9 , 59 A dO/1 't have/ho ven ’1 got
913
53 A , 54B had pa st o f have 11 C had 10 34ß He 5a id I e ha d (dol1 e sO l1l e lh i ll.잉 51 , App e ndi x 1. 1
far HOI/l fa r i5 ir' 40 A , 480 f or fa rlher 88 13
,
87 C
happen (to)
fed up (with)1 13 A few / a few
hard
85 5313
hate
for 껴r
10 1I 1111 /1 1es / fo r rhree 18 , 105D f or and rO . .. 55ß go ιr 0 walk , e tc. 56C fo r and d/l ri /lg 106C
yeaη ，
e tc
105A , 1 11 ψ1
jrollf of)
full (of)
113A
farther
114A
87C
has see have
finish (fi/1 ish -i /1g)
front
2 1A
good go ‘ d and lII ell 87 D good 01 113A
81
from
going to (I’ 111goillg 10 do 50l1l elhillg) 27 gone and been
everybody / everyone / everything / everywhere 8 1 C
fast
I1 you / he / she , e tc. (perso nal pronou ns) 60 , 63 if
100- 10 1 if IIle go / if )'0 /1 5ee , etc. 100 if and I/Ihe/l 100C if I hod / if I/I e I/Ie/l r 10 1 0 0 )'0 /1 k /1 01l1 if. . .' 50C
imperative (do II1 i5 / 37
d이l ’1 do
Il1 al , et c. )
‘
ever Have )'OU ever .. . ? 16 supe rl ati ve + ever 9 1E \V o rd o rd e r 95
expect
go 56 go - 11밍 (g o SI/I i1/1 1/1 iI잉， et c. ) 56 0 go 110 l/l e / go 10 work / go rO Il1 e li lovle5 72 go i /l / go back , etc (ph rasa l ve rbs) 115
’
11413
enJoy mjo y -illg 53B wjoy 1/1 )'self/ yO Il rseκ e tc.
every
glve give sOl/l erhi Ig ro sO l/l ebod)' / give 50 mebo d)' 50 l/l el l1 illg 97 give IIP / give back , etc. (p h rasa l verb s) 11 6 , App endi x 6- 7
1 10A- B
8813
future 26- 29 I ’ 111 II10rkillg 101/1 01 01/1. ( presε nt co ntin uo us) 26 Th e co /l cerr slorls or 7:30. (simpl e pres e nt) 26C (J ’ 1/1 ) go 깨 10 (do 50 l/l erhi llg) 27 will 28 29 5holl ? 9 C futu I ε afte r \/I hm / bifo re / I/I hile , e tc 9913 future aft e r if 10013
’
53C- 0
have 9 , 59 dOIl ’1 have / hovfll ’r gOl 9 B ha /l e and sho rt a nswεr s 9 0 have got / ha5 go l 9 , 59 A ha /l e dOll e / have been , etc. (p resε nt pe rfec t) 16- 19 , 24 C have 10 34 h“ … M 띠 o ve a ’”川/1“Cαe 川 a 111111 川l/I e t시h써 e re h/ o s 끼 /개 h“ 1띠 o0 ve bem 39B have breokf 051 / ho κ a good li l/l c, e tc 59B
“
her hers
60- 6 1, 63 6?- 63
herself him
64
60 , 63
himself
64
•
g e ographical names with and w ith o ut Ih e 74 gerund see -ing get 57 gel 10 (a place) 57 C , 109C ger 0/1 / ge l IIP , et c. (phra sal ve rbs) 115 , App e ndi x 6
his
6 1- 63
home 56 A , 72 A , 109B gel h o 川 e 57C , 109 C how 48 H O\/l lOllg hO/l e )'OU . .. ? (prese nt perfect) 17 ho Ul b밍 I/O w old' / hoUJ fo 서 e tc 480 H ow lOllg do es it lake' 49 It ow IIIII CIt ? / It ow many ' 84A
,/
m
ill five l/I i/l llte5 / i/l rhree )'ea lι ， et c. 104E i /l A pril / i /l Ihe 5 11111 ’” κ et c. 104 i l'l 0 rOO l1l / i/l the h05piral , etc 107- 108 illa nd ro 109 ill bock of 11 0 A 11 1 기O llf of 11 0A- ß pll l 50melhillg ill 111 go ill / fi ll i/l, e tc. (ph rasa l ve rbs) 115- 11 6 , App end ix 7 infìnitive adjecti ve + infin itive (it's eas)' 10 .. .) 40B infinitive (do / see, etc.) 5? i n fi n i t i vζ and -ing (do / doi l영， etc.) 52- 53 1 I/Ianl 10 go , et c. 52B , 53 I I/Im t 10 Ihe slore (() b/l )' . . . 55 infini tive and fo r . .. 55B sOll1 elhillg 10 eal / I/OI/I here 10 go , etc 80 0 -ing (doirlg /plo)'illg /g oillg , e t c.) 0111 /i s / are + - il앵 (prese nt contin uo us) 3- 4 , 2 4A , ?6 , 52C IIla5/ were + - i l 앵 (pas t co nti nu o us) 13 , 24A , 5?C -11 밍 and in fin itive (do/ doing , ε t c. ) 52- 53 ve rbs + -illg (eIUo)' -illg , e t c. ) 53ß - C 지o -11 잉 (go SWillllllillg , e t c. ) 56D pre positions + -illg 106 0 , 113B interested (in) into
11 3 A
111
irregular verb s 11 C , ? 513 , App e ndix 2- 3 is see am / is / are it
40 , 60B il i5 and Ilt ere is 38B , 40A il'5 andils 6 1C
its
61
Ju st j llsl + present pe rfec t 0 1' sim ple pa st 20 A wo rd o rde r 95
kind (kind 10 so川 ebo d )' / kill d of somebo dy) 113 A know (0 0 )'011 kll ol/l wh ere ... ?)
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
50
INDEX 309
learn (Ieal'll to . . .) left (0 11 the
Iψ)
11 0A
lend
(Ie /U 서 d 50이 0111κC이t“hing
less
89C
let
540
let ’s (l el 's go / lel ’5 aa l1 ce , erc.) 37C , 54D 4713
35C
Ii ttle / a Ii ttle 85 (a liffle older/ bigger, et c.)
89 D
love
84
0
mm
many mall y and II l1 lCh nol as /I1 afly φ씨 too many 93C
%
84 90 [3
끼 (i111 μ 띠 t hκe ’n… ll 11“씨( 1
might
30 0
nowhere
53B
mine / yours / hers , etc. (possessive pro no ll ns) 62-63 modal verbs (will /can / lllight , et c. ) 28- 35 , 52A mo st 111051 (of) 82 th e /Il 051 expells i ~e / Ih e mosl di[fiw lt , etc. 91
b /l ildi맹，
etc.
65C
74E
s O lll e thi ，밍，)
53A 5C
our
mu c h 1111κh
and l1I all)' 84 /11/1 ch bigger / much I'I'lore expe /1 sive 890 flO t a5 lI1/.1 ch (，α 5) 90 13 100 l'II uch 93C 32
my / your/ his , etc. (possessive adjectives) 61 , 63 ( re fl e x i vε
76
98B
ought to
33F
61 , 63 62-63
ourselves
22-23 , 24B , Appεnd i x 1 5 11끼) I e prese nt (i5 dO /1 ψ and simple past (1νa5 dO Il ψ 22 prese nt co ntinllolls (is being done) and prese nt perfect (has beell dOlle) 23 will / call / 11 /1 51 (e t c.) be dO l! e App endix 1.2
past (Co pa5t the movie Ih ealel .) 111 p as t continuou s (wa5I! IJe re + -ing) 13- 14 , 24A , 52C past co ntinllous (J was doillg) and simp le past μ di 씨 14 past cont 1l1 110 1l S pass lve, App endix 1. 1 past p a rti c iple (c leall ed/ done/ seen , etc.) 25 A prese nt perfect (1 lralJe playe씨 16 , 19 , 24C pass ive (th e 1'00 /11 ωas cleaned) 22-23 , 24B , App end ix 1 regll lar (cleaned) and irregllla r (seen) 25B , Appendix 2-3
past simple see simple past
on 011 MOllday / 0 1April 25 , et c. 104 011 the table / 011 th e wall 107-108 011 th e Iψ / r빙 ht 110A 。 11 vaca tioll / 011 televi5ion , et c. 112A go 0/'1 (vacation / a trip , etc.) 56B get on / p/l l 0/1, et c. (phrasal ve rb 5) 115- 116 , App endix 6-7 or
67B
past perfec t He 5aid he had (do /1 e 5o/'n elhing) 51 active and pass ive Append ix 1.1
often oflell + si mpl e prese nt word order 95
ours
310 INDEX
nco llntable)
80
one / ones
88C , 89
my self/ yourself, etc. pron o llns) 64
lI
’
mind (J d이 l ’t mi /l.d -illg)
mu st
78B-C , 82B-C
offer (to do
30 0
middle
79- 80
off 111 get off / t /l m 때; et c. (phrasal ve rbs) 115- 11 6 , App end ix 6
me / you / him , et c. (perso nal pronollns) 60 ’ 63
more
nobody / no one / nothing 1'10 one and l'l.one 78C
of Ih e roof ~(th e Ih e ... o( ...
married married 10 113A gel married 57B may
11 0A
nouns (co llntabl e and 68-69
。
UVJ
뼈
끼“
I
M 1%
U
ιω
」 m
M
」 ω
”“ 「
m
!”
때
뼈
mm
43B
no (110 /Il olley / 110 fr iends, et c.) 78 A- B , 82 A
none
53C-D e
86C
pair of . . .)
’
nice (nice 10 sO/ll ebody / nice of sOl1l ebody) 113A
look loo k + adjective (l ook lired , etc.) look at 껴 r /afle r 114A lot (a lot of ... )
45C
never lI ever + simpl e present 5C lI eve l' + prese nt perfect 16 wo rd ord er 95 next to
114A
μ
passive
neither Neilh el' am 1 / 1\ Tei lh er do J, etc. lI eilh el' (of) 83
like (ve rb) wO /l ld like 35 , 530, 54A do yO /l like? and wO /.l ld yO Il like? like to ... or like -ing 53C Ii sten (to)
53A
negatives 44 negati ve qll es ti o ns 110 and 1I 011e 78 ”이 + atl y 78-79
10 50이 이’”川lI e bo … oα)( 까 t
Ii ke (Wh at i5 il like')
pair
need ’leed to . ..
53A
64
o ut O/l lOf 111 go 0/1 1 / p /l t 0/1 1, etc. (phrasal ve rb 5) 115- 11 6 , App endix 6-7 over 111 cli ll1 b over / kllock over (phra sal ve rb s) 115- 116 , Appendix 6-7
peo ple
67C-D
perso n al pronouns (I !r ll e / yO Il, 60 , 63
εt c. )
p er suade (persuade so mebody 10 .. .) 54B phras al verb s (ge t "p / p /l t 011 , et c. ) 115- 116 , App endix 6-7 plural (wp CUp5 / Il'l an police (plllra l)
111 이" etι)
67
670
possessive adje c tive s ( /Il y/ yo /l r/ his, etc.) 6 1, 63 possess lve pronouns (l1l ill e/ yO /l r5 / hi5 , etc.) 62- 63 prefer
36B , 53C-0
prepos“ It ions 104- 114 al / Oll !i ll (time) 104 fo r/s illcc 18 , 105 II l1 lil 105 A-B bψ re / ajter/ dll l' ing / wlrile 106 ill/ at /o ll (places) 107- 108 lo !i ll / al (places) 109 01'1 104 , 107-108 , 11 OA , 112A al 104 , 107- 109 , 112B llIl de r /b e llνee n / nexl 10, et c. (position ) 11 0 IIp /ove r / llrrol잉h ， etc. ( m ove mεnt) 111 by 11 0C , 112C with / wilh Ol II 112D, 113B abo/l t 112E prepostt lons + -ing (in. -illg / without -ing , et c.) 106D, 113B adjective + prepositi o ns (afraid 01, etc.) 11 3A
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
verh + pre pos iti o n (l iste/l to / wait for , e tc.) 114 pre positi o ns at th e εe nd μ ( ↓W끼 ν 110 is 씨 sh le I“ t싸 aI
repl y qu estions (YO /.l have? / ι)/{ are? , e tc.) .P A ta g qu esti o ns (.. . rlo y0 1l 1 / . . . iS/l ’I ir? , et c. ) 42B
p re p 야 o이 s ItJ o n s 111 re 리lative
clauses (th e /I/a ll she is talki 1 9 ro) 103B
’
present c ontinuous (amlis / are + -i /lg) 3-4 , 24A , 52C n egative (l' ll/ lI ot -i l1g) 3 q ues tJ o ns 끼 re yOll -ing ?) 4 prese nt co nt in u o us (1 a/ll doi /lg) and simpl e prese nt (J do) 8 prese nt co nti nu o ll s pass ive 23A , App endi x 1.1 presen t co ntinu ous for th e futu re (Wlwr are yO I/ dohlg tO Il/O rrow?) ?6 present perfect (1 have dO/l e) 16- 17 , 19-2 1, 24 C p rese nt perfec t + j l/ st 20A prese n t perfe ct + already 20B prese nt perfe ct + yet 20C , 96B HalJe you ever ... ? 16 gO l/ e and beell 21A How 10 /lg l1 ave yO I/ . . . 1 17 prese nt pe rfec t + for /s i/l ce ] 7-18 prese nt perfec t co nrinlloll s η (1 띠 h/a “v
be '’eell
-In잉 ψ 찌 g ，)
1재 7B
some
(，ψho / wh ich / t ha 1)
“
reply questions (Yo have? / 'y(川 are ) ' 42A reported speech
H e sa id that ... / He told l1l e tha t
que sti o n s
45- 48 d 川 Iis /are . .. ? 2 do/ do es ... 1 (s imp le prese nt) 7 , 45 B did ... ? (s imp le pa st) 12 , 45B Why rlOIl ’I ... ? / • Vhy isn ’t .. , ?, εtc 45C
dirl )'0 1/ see? 45 prep os iti o n at the end μν11 0 is she lalk illg ro긴 47 Whar / Which / HOI/J . . . 1 48 H ow 10llg rloes ir rake? 49 00 yO I/ kll(" ,J where ... 1 (embedded
501l le and a/ all 68-69 some an d arl)' 77 sOllle (of) 8? somebody / someone / something / somewhere 77 , 80 sometimes
’
51
501letimes + simp le prese nt
He tolrl Ill e to . .. right (011 th e right)
54C
wo rd
1 10A
o rdε r
speak (to) spe l1i ng
65 , App e nd ix 4.5
should
95
51
29C
App e nd ix 5
st il1 96 word o rde r stop (5 tOp suggest
11 3A
114A
start (5 tart to ... and starr -ill.잉
7 1B , 90E
short forms (I’ 111 ! i야 ! App e ndix 4
5C
sorry (s orr)' abo llt an d sorry fo r)
short answers ( rlo / rlo 띠 have / havel/ ’t, does! rloeS/l ’t , et c.) 9D
p l/ r s()/ Il erhillg ill . .. 111 pllr 011 / pllr o"r , e tc. (p h ra sa l ve rb s) 11 6 , App e ndix 7
50
relative pronouns 102- 103
shall
put
qu es ti o ns)
so am 1 ! 50 rlo 1, etc. 4 3ß 1 lVas tirerl , so 1 wellt 10 berl. 98
102- 103
He sa irl lh at ... (reported speec h) say an d tell 51 B
pronouns pe rso n al prono ll ns (I / l1l e/ yo /.l, et c.) 60 , 63 possessive prono ll ns (ll/ il'l e/ yo l/ rs, et c.) 6?- 63 re fl ex ive pron o un s ( ll/ yse l(/)'o l/ rseκ etc.) 64 ol'l e / 0I'l es 7 6 r댄6 리 떼l a t i 102- 103
/ • 11110
regular and irregular verbs 1 1 , 25 , App e ndi x 2-3 relative c1 auses
ηo ψe r5)
so
say / said
53A
18A , 105C
singular and plural (flower • 67
reflexive pronouns (l1l )'self/ yourseκ etc.) 64
same
present simple see simple present
Wh o saw yO I/ 1
since
‘
’ s (a postro ph e ’s)
prese nt pe rfec t (1 l1 ave dO /l e) an d simp le pa st (1 d써 19 pre se nt perfec t passive 23B , App e nd ix 1.1 regu lar and irreglll ar vε rb s ] 6 , 25 , App end ix 2- 3
promise (prol1l ise to .. .)
rather l ’'rl rath er/ μ'o l/ ld you rath er? 36 l ’'rl rarh er go Ol/ t Iha l'l •. . , e tc 36C
simpl e prese nt pa ssive (the roO /ll is clealled) ?2 , 24B , App endi x 1.1 simple p rese nt for th e future (Th e COllcert starts at 7: 30.) 26C simp le pre se nt after IIIh C/l / while, etc 98B simpl e present after if 99B
53C
95
- ú냉
(5 1앙gest
superlative (th e
53B
-hlg)
53 B
bi잃est
! th e l11 os1
cχpe ll 5we ， ε t c.)
91
)'o l/ 've , e tc.)
tag questions
33
simple past (rlirl / cleaned/ saw , e tc.) 11 - 12 negative (rlirl /l ’t . . .) 1?, 44B questions (dirl ... ?) 12 , 45B
was!were 10 regul ar (clean ed) an d irregular verbs (sa w) 11 C , A pp en di x ?-3 simp le past + ago 18B simp le past + already 20B simp le past (1 rlirl) and prese nt pe rfec t (1 have do찌 19 simp le past (J rlirl) and past co ntinu o us (1 11ι15 rloillg) 14 simp le past + just 20 A simp le past passive (th e rOO ll1 was cle O/lerl) 22 , 24B , App e ndix 1.1 simp le past + yet 20C if + simp le past (if 1 had / i( we wellt) 10 1 simple present (1 work ! she wo rks , e tc.) 5-7 , 24D 야 gative (rlOIl ’r! rloeS/l 't) 6 , 43B qu estion s (rlo! rloes η 7 , 44B simp le prese nt + always! Sl/ ally !t lever, e t c. 5C simp le prese nt (1 rlo) and present continuou s (1 0/ 11 rloillg) 8
42B
take (How long rloes ir rake?) talk (to)
49
1 14A
tell /t old
H e told me that . .. 5 1 tell and 5a)' 5 1 B Ca n )'011 tell ,." e wh ere . . . He told lIl e to . .. 54B
1
50 A
tenses ac ti ve an d pa ss ive App e nd ix 1. 1 prεsεnt continuous (1 alll rlOillg) 3- 4 , 24A. 26 . 52C simple p resent (1 rlo) 5- 7 , 24D, 26C si mple past (1 rlirl) 11 - 1?, 14 , 19- 21 , 24D past co nti nuo LlS (1 was rloú갱 ) 13-14 , 24A , 52C p rese n t p e rfiεc t (1 have rlonψ 16- 21 , 24C be!have!do in prese nt and pa st tenses 24 text
114B
than
89- 90
“
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
INDEX 311
that 75 H e said that ... ( rεportε d speec h) 5 1C that and 시ÚS 75 a thing that ... ( rε l at i vε cla uses) 102 the 70- 74 the and a/ an 70 the same 71 B the sun / th e sky , etc. 7 1C the 11I 0vies / th e th eater / the 1κlnk ， etc 7?B ηoψCη / the j7 0wers 73 th e in n a ll1 εs of p l acεs 74 th e biggest / the 1110 .1 1 expensive , et c. 91 their theirs
62 , 63
them
60 , 63
there there there there there there these
i5 / are
64
38
Iνa5/were
39A ha5 / have bee l1 39B will be 39C is and it is 38B thi 써 Of)
11 4A
t il1 (=
75
“
verbs tenses 1- 9 , 24 , 26 past tenses 10- 15 , 19 , 24 present per fect 16-21 , 24 passive 22-23 , A p pεnd i x 1 reg111ar and ir reg111ar verbs 25 , Appe ndix 2- 3 f l1 ture ?6-29 ll1 0dal vε rbs (will/can/찌 o 띠 d ， εt c.) 28 35 , 52A negat ives 44 q l1 estions 45- 48 reported sp eech 5 1 verb s + -il영 53 verb s + 10 . .. 52- 54 vεrb s + preposition (l ook at / speak to , et c. ) 114 phrasa l vεrbs (get up / put 011 , εt c. ) 115- 116 , Appendix 6- 7 p resεnt
to . .. 53A 501 ebody to ‘
’,
was / were 111
I1
til)
too 93 too and either
54A
10
ιas /ιere
+ - il앵 (past conti n l1 ous) 13, 24A , 52C αas /νere don e (pass ive) 22 , 24B there was /we re 39A κ J wa5/were . . . 101B
105B
to lime 105A places 109 , 11 1 go to . . . 56A , 109A get 10 . .. 57C , 109C infinitive (10 go / to be , etc.) ve rb + to 53A , 53C
well 、"， ere
52
43A
turn (tu rn around / furn Ofl , εt c. ) (p hrasal vε rb s) 115- 116 , Appεnd i x 7
see
uncountable nouns (5alt/αater/m usic ， et c.) under
11 0D, 111
unt i1
99B , 105A-B
99 and
whether 68 69 •
up 111 get up / pick IIP , et c. (p hrasa l verbs) 115- 116 , Ap p ε n d i x 6- 7
、"， as
what What ... ? and •Vho ... ? 45C What . .. like? 47B yγ7r at ... ? 48 What ... ? and •Vhich ... ' 48C when
if
with / without 112D lν ithhν ithout + -ing 11 3B won ’ t (= will not)
28A
word order q l1 es tio ns 45-47 p rεse n t co nt ll1l1 OUS qu εs ti o n s 4B s i ll1 pl ε p rεse n t q l1 es ti o ns 7B sim ple past q l1 estions 12D pass ive 22- 23 Do you k n.o ψ where . . . ' (e ll1 b edded questions) 50 verb + 。 이 ect 94A p lace and time 94B α ItνaY5/usually/ojtfl1， etc. 95 a 타ε r give/lend/send , etc. 97 worse
88D
worst
91B
would J'd like / would you like' 35 J'd rather / would you rather' 36 ψould like / love , et c. 53D H e wo ld b끼 a car if he had the money 10 1
“
write
you your yours
(t이
11 4A
60 , 63 6 1 , 63 62- 63
yoursel f1 yourselves
100C
50C
... ? 48 ↓νhic /r ... 'a nd What ... ' 48C ↓νhic h one/o nes ' 76B a thing w/r ich ... (relati ve clauses) 102 ↓Vh κ h
99 , 106
60 , 63
312 INDEX
62D
w il1 28- 29 will an d 5hall 29C won ’t 28A there Iν ill be 39C
whi c h
while
th α 긴
yet 96 yet + p rεsε nt perfect or simp le past 20C
87D
!이lell
us
55C , 114A
‘",ant lνant
through
5C
who • Vho . .. ? 46- 47 a person who . . . (relative clauses) 102 whose (Whose is
lνant
75
those
15
usually IIsually + si mp le prese nt word order 95
wait (for)
75
think (think abo ll l / this
used 10 .. .)
•
6 1 , 63
themselves
μ
used
The numbers are unit numbers (not page numbers).
64
•
월할펄
빼를매
Basic
t:ttI:U라페 펀흘젠111힘
5표d핵렘. 꽤뭘힘 m뭔휠
렐빼 않폐E헤
!j fl'l" [, 1,1, lj5l‘”이Ò'J
……ι. ‘!‘아，
뿔많뿔월
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