Classroom Presentation On Fracture

CLASSROOM PRESENTATIOn On

FRACTURE

SUBMITTED TO

SUBMITTED B

Mrs.Renu jacob.

Miss. R. Sreelekha

Professor

Msc (N)1st year

M.sc(n) Medical Surgical Nursing

Owaisi college of nursing

Owasi college of nursing

Hyderabad.

Hyderabad.

SUBMITTED ON

23/02/19

STUDENT PROFILE

Name of the student

:

Miss. Sreelekha.

Name of the topic

:

Fracture.

Name of the subject

:

Medical surgical nursing.

Name of the class

: II nd BSc (N).

Name of the Guide

: Mrs. Renu Jacob.

Name of the college

: Owaisi college of nursing.

Date Time A.V. Aids

: 23/02/19. : : Chart, Black board, Hand out, Flash cards.

GENERAL OBJECTIVIES At end of the class the students will gain knowledge about the Fractures.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:           

Introduction to the topic. Define Fracture. Explain about the types of Fracture. List down the causes of Fracture. Describe about the Pathophysiology of Fracture. Enumerate about the clinical manifestations of Fracture. Explain about the Diagnostic evaluation of the Fracture. Describe about the Medical management of the Fracture. Describe about the Phormocological management of fracture. Discus about the complication of Fracture. Explain about the Nursing diagnosis.

INDEX

S.NO

SPESIFIC OBJECTIVES

TIME

CONTENT

1.

To Introduce about the Fracture

2min

Introduction Fracture is a break or cracked in the continuity of bone. Fracture occurs due to free applied by an external source.

TEACHING & LEARNING ACTIVITIES Lecture cum and discuss

A.V AIDS

EVALUATION

Oral explanation

What do you know about the Fracture?

A bone fracture is a medical condition where the continuity of the bone is broken. Mechanical damage produced in a bone In case of fracture tissue, joints, muscles all are involved. Fracture is not a fatal condition about needs emergency care to prevent further complication. 2.

To define the Fracture

2min

Definition:A break in bone or cartilage. Although usually a result of trauma, a fracture can be the result of an acquired disease of bone, such as osteoporosis, or of abnormal formation of bone in a congenital disease of bone.

Lecture cum and discuss

Oral explanation

Defined fracture

3.

List down the causes of

3min

Causes:Causes of bone fracture it includes:

Lecture cum and discuss

A.V. Aids

What are the causes of

       

Fracture

4.

Explain about the types of fractures

15min

Fracture?

Sever pain. Difficulty to move. Swelling or bruising over a bone. Bluish color of the fractured part. Bleeding. Numbness. hLimping. Loss of function in the injured area.

Types of Fractures:There are several types of fractures. 1. Simple fracture:The wound is non- communicating between the skin and bone. 2. Open (Compound) fracture:The wound is com communicating between the skin and bone. When the skin has been penetrated by a bone fragment from inside (compound). 3. Transverse fracture:The fracture line is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. 4. Oblique fracture:Diagonal break across the bone. 5. Spiral fracture:The break spiral around the bone;

Lecture cum and discuss

A.V. Aids

What are the types of Fractures?

common in twisting injury. 6. Pathological fracture:Fracture of a point in the bone weakend by a disease. 7. Avulsion fracture:Fracture of the bone at the site of attachment of tendons or ligaments due to strong pilling force. 8. Green stick fracture:Break on one cortex of the bone with splintering of bone surface. 9. Stress fracture:These are small or micro- fractures resulting from repeated stress during playing or exercise as jogging or running. 10. Depressed fracture:Broken parts of the bone are driven inwards. An example is skull fracture. 11. Comminuted fracture:A fracture in which bone has splintered in to several fragments. 12. Compression fracture:A fracture in which bone has been compressed (seen in vertebral fractures) 5.

List out Risk factors of Fracture.

5min

Risk factors of Fracture: Age.  Previous low trauma fracture.  Current cigarette smoking.

Lecture cum and discuss

A.V. Aids

What are the Risk factors of fracture?

    6.

Explain About the Pathophysiolog y of Fracture

5min

Rheumatoid arthritis. High alcohol intake. Parental history of hip fracture. Prior or current glucocorticoid use.

Pathophysiology:When bone got fractured, periostem, blood vessels present in cortex, marrow and aurrounding soft tissue are disrupted.  Bleeding occur and hematoma medullary canal between the fracture ends of bone and beneath penosteum.  Death of bone tissue immediately occur adjacent to fracture.  Inflammatory response occur. Vasodilation, edema, pain, loss of function, excidate of plasma & leukocytes and in filtration of white blood cells occurs.  They build the foundation of bone heating.  Muscles that were attached to bone got spasm.  Distal position of bones becomes displaced and white proximal portion remains in place.

Lecture cum and discuss

Chart

What is the pathophysiolog y of fractur?

Displacement of bone occurs at sideways or an angle or an overriding segment.

7.

List out the clinical manifestations of fracture

3min

Clinical manifestation:Clinical manifestations are include:  Deformity.  Swelling and discoloration.  Pain.  Loss of function.  Numbness.  Crepitus.  Shortening.  Hypovolemic shock.

Lecture cum and discuss

Oral explanation

What are the clinical manifestations of fracture?

8.

Specify the diagnostic evaluations of fracture

2min

Lecture cum and discuss

A.V. Aids

What are the diagnostic evaluations of fracture?

9.

Describe about 2min the management of fracture

Diagnostic evaluations:History and physical examination. X-ray studies. CT- scan also done to conform the diagnosis. (Computed tomography) Blood chemistry, CBC and coagulation studies done. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or a bone scan. Medical management: Management of a patient with fracture can belonging to either emergent or post-emergent.

 Immediately after injury, if a fracture is suspected, it is important to immobilize the body part before the patient is moved.  Adequate splinting is essential to prevent movement of fracture fragments. 10.

11.

Describe about the surgical management

2min

Describe about the Nursing managem Ent

3min

Surgical management:

Lecture cum and discuss

A.V. Aids

Reduction:- Reduction of a fracture (setting the bone) refers to restoration of the fracture fragments to anatomic alignment and rotation. Open reduction:- It is a surgical approach, the fracture fragments are reduced. External/ internal fixation devices (metallic pins, wires, screws, plates, nails, or rods) may be used to hold the bone fragments in position until solid bone healing occurs. Nursing management:Lecture cum and Administer drug therapy as ordered by discuss health care provider. Report the diagnosis to the local health department. Keep patient in negative pressure room with respiratory airborne isolation. Maintain isolation until three

Oral explanation

What is the surgical management of fracture?

What is the nursing management of fracture?

12.

Describe about the phormocologica l management of fracture

2min

13

Discus about the complications of fracture

2min

consecutive sputum cultures have tested negative. Focus on preventing the spread of the infection. Discuss pain management, handling fatigue, importance of good nutrition. Pharmocological management:Administer Tetanus prophylaxis. Antibiotic therapy. Calcium and Iron supplements. Narcotics are administered initially As healing, stared, oral analgesic (NSAIDS) can be given. This focus on relieving pain. Antibiotics may be administered to clients with open/ complex fractures to prevent infection. Anticogulants may be administered to prevent DVT. Complications:Local complications:  Infection.  Vascular injury.  Nerve injury.  Visceral injury.  Heamarthrosis (bleeding inside a joint).  Compartment syndrome. General complications: Hemorrhage and shock.  Fat embolism.  Venous thrombosis and pulmonary

Lecture cum and discuss

Oral explanation

What is pharmocologica l management of fracture?

Lecture cum and discuss

Oral explanation

What are the complications of fracture?

14.

Explain about the nursing diagnosis of fracture

2min

embolism.  Crush syndrome.  Complications of prolonged bed rest and recumbancy, especially in elderly and aged patients..eg. DVT, bedsores, hydrostatic pneumonia and UTI. Nursing diagnosis: Impaired physical mobility related to loss of integrity of bone structures (fracture)  Risk for infection related to wound secondary to fracture.  Acute pain related to fracture.

Lecture cum and discuss

Oral explanation

What is the nursing diagnosis of fracture?

Summary:     

Fixation of fracture allows for early ambulation. Rehabilitation important in fracture management- start in the early phase. Healing phases are not mutually exclusive. Look at the patient as whole when planning rehab program. .Consider exercising other joints without compromising the healing of the fracture. Patient education (on fracture, effects of prolonged immobilization on muscles and joints, cardiovascular fitness etc) important.

Bibliography:BRUNNER AND SUDDARTHS, TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING -II, SOUTH ASIAN EDITION, SAE EDITORES: SURESH K SHARMA, S. MADHAVI, JANICEL, HINKLE, KERRY H. CHEEVER. PAGE NO: 1376 – 1380. A TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING-1, PART-A, JAVED ANSARI, DEVENDER KAUR,PEE VEE (Regd.) PAGE NO 784 -792.

Reference:http://www.wedmed.com. http://www.natinalijewish.org> http://www.healthline.com http://www.nvbi.nlm.gov. http://www.google.Com.

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