SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship Module 3 – Quarter 1 Types of Communities and Its Differences
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship (CSC) Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 3: Types of Communities and its Differences First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Assistant Secretary: Alma Ruby C. Torio
Author: Content Editor: Language Editor: Proofreader : Layout Artist: Development Team: Chairperson:
Development Team of the Module Leterin II G. Agcopra Michael M. Taytay Elbert T. Maestre Presentacion P. Alarba Ivy O. Niñeza
Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III Regional Director Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V Assistant Regional Director Jonathan S. dela Peña, PhD, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent Rowena H. Para-on, PhD Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD Members: Neil A. Improgo, PhD, EPS-LRMS; Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., PhD, EPS-ADM; Erlinda G. Dael, PhD, CID Chief; Maria Teresa M. Absin, EPS (English); Celieto B. Magsayo, LRMS Manager; Loucile L. Paclar, Librarian II; Kim Eric G. Lubguban, PDO II
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship Module 3 – Quarter 1 Types of Communities and Its Differences
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
[email protected].
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Cover page
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Copyright page
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Table of Contents
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FIRST QUARTER - MODULE 1 What I Need to Know
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What Should I Expect
1
Things to Remember to Get Through
2
What Should I Expect
3
What I Know
3
What’s New
4
Assessment
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Additional Activities
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Assessment
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References
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WHAT I NEED TO KNOW This module focuses on types of communities and its differences. It allows us to support one another, interact, share experiences and our modern life struggles. Having this open bond with others is what builds valuable relationships, and gives us a deeper sense of belonging. Communities are also rich in resources. Your strengths may be someone else’s weaknesses and vice versa. With the diversity of skills, common goals can be achieved that much faster.
WHAT SHOULD I EXPECT
After studying this module, students will be able to: 1. analyze the different types of communities; 2. distinguish the typologies of communities; and 3. appreciate the roles and contirbutions of different types of communities.
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THINGS TO REMEMBER TO GET THROUGH To learn the benefits from this module, follow the steps below: 1. Read the module title and the module introduction to get an idea of what the module covers. Specifically, read the first two sections of this module carefully. The first section tells you what this module is all about while the second section tells you of what you are expected to learn. 2. Never move on to the next page unless you have done what you are expected to do in the previous page. Before you start each lesson, read first the INSTRUCTIONS. 3. Work on the activities. Take note of the skills that each activity is helping you to develop. 4. Take the Post-Test after you are done with all the lessons and activities in the module. 5. Meet with your teacher. Ask him/her about any difficulty or confusion you have encountered in this module. 6. Finally, prepare and gather all your outputs and submit them to your teacher. 7. Please write all your answers of the tests, activities, exercises, and others in your separate activity notebook.
GOOD LUCK AS YOU BEGIN THIS MODULE! 2
WHAT SHOULD I EXPECT Learning Competency 4: Define using various perspectives, e.g., social sciences, institutions, civil society, and local/grassroots level HUMSS_CSC12-IIIa-c-6 (2 hours). At the end of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4.
distinguish the different types of communities; describe of each type of community; differentiate formal and informal communities; and compare urban and rural communities.
WHAT I KNOW
Instructions: Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false. Write your answer in your notebook. 1. A formal group is formed when people come together to accomplish specific goals and objectives. 2. An informal group is formed when two or more people come together to accomplish a specific task which is mainly socially geared. 3. The term urban simply refers to the region or area which is densely populated and possess the characteristics of the man-made surroundings. 4. A rural area is an open swath of land that has few homes or other buildings, and not very many people. 5. The term urban simply refers to the region or area which is densely populated and possess the characteristics of the man-made surroundings. 6. A global community are the people or nations of the world, considered as being closely connected by modern telecommunications and as being economically, socially, and politically interdependent. 7. Sectoral means relating to the various economic sectors of a society or to a particular economic sector. 8. A social space is physical or virtual space such as a social center, online social media, or other gathering place where people gather and interact. 9. Social condition refers to the development of physical fitness through the adaptation of the body and its various systems to an exercise program 10. Some of the common formal groups that exist within the organization or community include schools, church, hospitals, government, and civic organizations.
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WHAT’S NEW
TYPES OF COMMUNITIES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Formal communities Informal Communities Urban communities Rural Communities Global communities Sectoral communities Social Space communities Different Types of Communities
I.
FORMAL COMMUNITY
A formal group is formed when people come together to accomplish specific goals and objectives. An official group has particular structures and roles where responsibilities of members of the group are defined. Activities carried by a formal group have specific guidelines, which members of the group are supposed to adhere to and follow to ensure good coordination. Some of the common formal groups that exist within the organization or community include schools, church, hospitals, government, and civic organizations. Characteristics of Formal Groups The formal group is characterized in engaging joint activities and discussion, helping each other, and sharing information with each other. Moreover, they care about their standing with each other. 4
Examples of formal communities Academic-
recruitguelph.ca
Recreation
Retirement
stringsoft.in
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II. INFORMAL COMMUNITY
An informal group is formed when two or more people come together to accomplish a specific task which is mainly socially geared. The main idea behind the establishment of the informal group is the satisfaction of both personal and psychological needs. Informal groups are not subjected to any rules and regulations in the company, and the members of this group willingly belong to this group. There are no explicit guidelines that govern the operations of an informal group. Characteristics of Informal Groups It consists of a set of personal relations, social networks, common interest and emotional sources of motivation. Examples of informal communities
Ecovillages
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Co-housing communities
Co-ops communities
Religious communities
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III. URBAN COMMUNITY
The term urban simply refers to the region or area which is densely populated and possess the characteristics of the man-made surroundings. The people residing in such area, are engaged in trade, commerce or services. In this settlement, there is high scale industrialization that results in better employment opportunities. The urban settlement is not confined to the cities only, but towns and suburbs (suburban areas) are also included in it. There are many advantages of life in urban areas like easy access to various amenities, better transportation facilities, entertainment and education options, health facilities. Although it suffers certain drawbacks like pollution, caused due to large scale industrialization and means of transportation like buses, trains, cars and so on, leading to increasing in health problems in the people living in that area. An urban area is the region surrounding a city. An area with high density of population. Urban community is something which an individual thought as, an area with high density of population, an area with the availability of basic requirements, an area of good resources, the area has lots of opportunity of employment and such an area which can be considered as life-giving for luxurious desires of human or individual. The word urban community has many meanings, the term ‘community’, only, denotes two conditions:
Physical condition- refers to the development of physical fitness through the adaptation of the body and its various systems to an exercise program. Social condition- refers to the sociological process of training individuals in a society to respond in a manner generally approved by the society in general and peer groups within society. The concept is stronger than that of socialization, which is the process of inheriting norms, customs and ideologies. 8
Urban life and personality are affected by the physical and social conditions of urban living—anonymity, social distance, speed and tension, regimentation, impersonal social interaction, mobility and transiency etc. These conditions produce impersonality, insecurity and segmentation of personality, which appear to be universal characteristics of urbanisation (or urban community) all over the world. Urban mode of life is quite contrary to traditional rural life, though it has affected rural life which is also in the process of change. Its characteristics are represented by the terms ‘urbanism’ and the process of its expansion is called ‘urbanisation’. Characteristics of Urban Communities:
Advancement in science and technology Many business establishments, recreational centers, educational and religious institutions People are crowded Social heterogeneity Class extremes Greater pollution Many crimes are committed Family ties tend to be weak Limited space Greater impersonality among neighbours Higher standard of living Shortage of employment Informal settlers are rampant A lot of hazards and dangers Greater number of separation of spouses and live-in arrangements Major occupations are industrial, administrative and professional Divisions of labor and occupational specialization are very much common
IV. RURAL COMMUNITY It refers to a small settlement, which is outside the boundaries of a city, commercial or industrial area. It may include, countryside areas, villages or hamlets, where there are natural vegetation and open spaces. There is a low density of population in such area. The primary source of income of the residents is agriculture and animal husbandry. Cottage Industries also form a chief source of income here. A rural area is an open swath of land that has few homes or other buildings, and not very many people. A rural area’s population density is very low. Characteristics of the Rural Community:
Greater personal interaction Deep, long-term relationships Generally, peace and order exists Mutual give and take affairs Emphasis of shared values 9
Vernacular is usually spoken Wider area Influence of blood relationships in decision making Homogeneous type of culture Belief in supernatural and superstitious beliefs Relationship is more personal and informal Less pollution Few establishments and institutions Few goods and services
Difference between Urban and Rural
Based on the density of population, development, amenities, employment opportunities, education, etc. human settlement is majorly divided into two categories i.e. Urban and Rural. Urban refers to a human settlement where the rate of urbanization and industrialization is high. On the other hand, in a rural settlement, is one where the rate of urbanization is quite slow. Another important difference between the two human settlements is that while urban areas are highly populated, rural areas have comparatively less population than the urban ones. Take a read of this article, in which we’ve compiled the important point to distinguish the two.
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COMPARISON CHART
BASIS FOR COMPARISON
URBAN
RURAL
Meaning
A settlement where the population is very high and has the features of a built environment, is known as urban.
An area located in the outskirts, is known as rural.
Includes
Cities and towns
Villages and hamlet
Life
Fast and complicated
Simple and relaxed
Environment
Greater isolation from nature.
Direct contact with nature.
Associated with
Non-agricultural work, i.e. trade, commerce or provision of services.
Agriculture and livestock.
Population size
Densely populated
Sparsely populated
Development
Planned settlement exists in urban areas that are developed according to the process of urbanization and industrialization.
Developed randomly, based on availability of natural vegetation and fauna in the area.
Social mobility
Highly intensive
Less intensive
Division of labor
Always present at the time of job allotment.
No such division.
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V. GLOBAL COMMUNITY A global community are the people or nations of the world, considered as being closely connected by modern telecommunications and as being economically, socially, and politically interdependent. citizenshipleicuni.weebly.com
The quality of global governance is reflected in each local community worldwide. The global community will show leadership by creating a global civil ethic within the global community. The global constitution describes all values needed for good global governance: mutual respect, tolerance, respect for life, justice for all everywhere, integrity, and caring. The Scale of Human and Earth Rights has become an inner truth and the benchmark of the millennium in how everyone sees all values. Characteristics of Global Communities
World community Common point of view toward issues of human rights, global warming and climate change, peace and order, socio-economic conditions as well as disputed issues such as territorial conflict.
VI. SECTORAL COMMUNITY
Joint Sectoral Committee (JSC ...
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W H AT D O W E M E AN B Y C O M M U N I T Y S E C T O R S ? Community sectors can mean a number of different things. In some cases, it describes broad categories – the public and private sectors, for example, referring respectively to those individuals and organizations that have to do with government in some way and those that don’t. Sometimes, the term “community sector” means community-based organizations, institutions, and initiatives, as opposed to those operated by state government, national or international groups, or large corporations. In this section, when we refer to “community sectors,” we’re pointing at the various groups that people in the larger community might be divided into for reasons of common social, political, economic, cultural, or religious interests. In some cases, membership in a sector may be conscious (business people as part of the “business sector,” for example.) In others, people may not think about their membership (parents may not think of themselves as helping to make up the “education sector.”) Many individuals may belong to, or have contact with, several of these sectors; others may be considered only in relation to a single one. So what are these sectors? Sectors that exist in all communities, but there are numerous categories that are common in most communities in the developed world, and in many communities in developing countries as well:
Health. This includes medical and mental health professionals (doctors, nurses, psychologists and psychotherapists, physical therapists, etc.), pharmacists and pharmacies, hospitals and other in-patient facilities, clinics, non-traditional health practitioners (acupuncturists, chiropractors, massage therapists, etc.), and public health health insurance: Will Arogya ...m.economictimes.com
agencies and systems.
Education. Public and private K-12 schools, public and private pre-schools, public and private colleges and universities, school committees, school administrators, teachers, other educational institution employees, parents, students, state boards of education, etc.This sector may (or may not, depending on the issue) include adult basic education (ABE) and English as Second or Other Language (ESOL) programs.
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The Condition of Education nces.ed.gov
Law Enforcement. The local and state police, the court system – judges, probation officers, prosecutors, court-appointed defense lawyers, court-mandated programs for offenders, etc.
National Law Enforcement Appreciation ...westrivereagle.com
Government. Regional, provincial, state, local, and tribal government bureaucracies, agencies, and officials, both elected and appointed. Government - Chris Skinner's blog thefinanser.com
Business. This sector can range from the self-employed carpenter or momand-pop grocery store to the multinational corporation with a local facility.
Youth. Youth themselves (in the U.S., generally viewed as ages 18 and younger) and those who work directly with them (youth violence prevention and outreach programs, Big Brother/Big Sister, Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs, scouting, etc.) There may be overlap here with the education, parents, human service, culture, and sports/recreation sectors.
Business Network People - Free image on ...pixabay.com
Youth For Change - Home | Facebook facebook.com
Parents. Whether parents are viewed as a community sector or not may depend on the nature of the issue of concern. They’re certainly a sector in the case of community-wide efforts that benefit or otherwise affect children, but they may not be seen as a separate group when the 14
Children by Sir Francis Bacon ...askliterature.com
issue is care for elders.
The media. The media now includes not only newspapers and magazines, radio, and TV, but the vast array of blogs, videos, online news, and other material available on the Internet. How violence in media affects children ... evergreenpsychotherapycenter.com
Human Services. This sector generally includes non-profit professional and volunteer organizations that provide free or affordable services such as job training, food, shelter, elder services, ABE/ESOL, services for individuals with physical or mental disabilities, support and advocacy for immigrants, etc. Human Services Professional: What Do ...soapboxie.com
Religion. Places of worship and their members and religious organizations (e.g., Knights of Columbus, B’nai Brith) of all faiths. If the community is a large city, this sector may include the hierarchy of a national church as well (a Roman Catholic archbishop, for instance.) Human Services Professional: What Do ...soapboxie.com
Service/Fraternal Organizations. The Lions, Masons, Rotary, Kiwanis, and other local and national or international service organizations.
Fraternal Order of Eagles scanner Eagle ...pngwing.com
Community Activist and Volunteer Groups. These might be aimed at political issues (engaged in advocacy for or against a particular action of government), supportive of existing institutions (“Friends of” the local park, a school playground volunteer corps), oriented toward economics (SCORE – Educator To Activist - Social Media ...clipartmax.com Service Corps of Retired Executives – a group that volunteers to help non-profits and small business owners with financial and business plans), or more 15
generally concerned with the quality of community life (e.g., block associations, organizers of community festivals.) Culture. The arts community comprises artists of all stripes – musicians, dancers and choreographers, writers, actors and directors, designers, visual artists – as well as arts organizations, theaters, orchestras, museums, galleries, and those who work as support staff in the arts – stagehands, cameramen, electricians, set builders, etc.
. affects to Architecture ... steemit.com
Housing and Development. In this sector, we find both public and private non-profit housing agencies and organizations that provide rent subsidies and/or affordable housing, as well as developers who build market-rate and upscale residential and commercial properties.
Sports and Recreation. This sector might include sports clubs, town or county recreation departments, amateur and professional athletic associations, public and private sports and recreation facilities, the YMCA, gyms, coaches, personal trainers, recreation leaders, and camp directors, as well as those who participate in these groups as athletes, spectators, or supporters. Africa: Sports and Recreationgeography.name
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The Environment. Individual environmentalists; international, national, and local environmental organizations (e.g., Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, the Sierra Club, local preservation organizations); conservation land trusts; recreational hunters and fishermen, rock climbers and mountaineers, wildlife biologists and botanists, ecologists, hikers, canoers/kayakers, and other outdoorspeople; hydrologists (water specialists). This sector may also include those who make a living from a pristine or carefully-managed environment: producers of maple sugar, mushroomers, organic and tree farmers, wilderness guides, owners of hotels and B&Bs that cater to those who use – and are located in – wilderness areas.
Job Mail Blog
Characteristics of Sectoral Communities:
Voluntary , non-profit and non-governmental Third sector (in contrast to public and private sector NGOs:Non-governmental organizations Examples of Sectoral Communities: 1. Non-profit organization- A nonprofit organization is a business that has been granted tax-exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) because it furthers a social cause and provides a public benefit.
2. Non-governmental organizationOrganizations which are independent of government involvement are known as non-governmental organizations or NGOs or non-government organizations.
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IBON Foundation IBON Foundation is a research-education-information and advocacy organization committed to serve the marginalized sectors. They seek to contribute to people’s empowerment by generating and collecting socio-economic data and analyses, and disseminate these in the Philippines and abroad.
Philippine Red Cross The PRC provides six major services: Blood Services, Disaster Management Services, Safety Services, Community Health and Nursing Services, Social Services and the Volunteer Services.
An independent, nonprofit media agency that specializes in investigative reporting of political, social, and related issues surrounding the Filipinos.
On upholding the value of Life
Pro-Life Philippines
Habitat for Humanity Philippines (HFHP)
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A non-profit Christian ministry working to help build responsible and self-reliant communities by enabling Filipino families in need to acquire affordable, decent, and durable homes. On poverty and families
Child Hope Asia An international, non-sectarian organization advocating for the cause of street children throughout the world. On the welfare of animals
Philippine Animal Welfare Society
A volunteer-based organization working towards protection of animals from cruelty through education, sheltering and advocacy. On the Protection of the Environment
Haribon Foundation
Protecting Nature. Protecting Life. Committed to nature conservation through community empowerment, and scientific excellence.
Society for the Conservation of Philippine Wetlands
Engaged in advocacy works supportive of wetland conservation.
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VII.
SOCIAL SPACE
ljmu.ac.uk A social space is a physical or a virtual space such as social center, online social media, or other gathering place where people gather and interact. Social space has various forms of spaces used by community in conducting social interaction. These kinds of spaces should be given more attention since they serve as catalyst in the implementation of good social cohesion in community. The effort includes giving concern toward their various implemented form. This concern will give benefits in the creation of resilient built environment. Characteristics of Social Space Communities:
Environmental infrastructures Natural and semi-natural (man influenced) green infrastructure elements Natural spaces Environment as a social space, place of interaction Public space/open space related to human’s daily life Green recreation zones Neutral grounds for different groups to come together Social green surrounding Outdoor space Safe place, etc.
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Examples of social space communities: 1. Social Center- These are community spaces such as buildings which are used for a range of disparate activities, which can be linked only by being not-for-profit.
Social Media Command Center ... medium.com
2. Town Squares- This is an open public space commonly found in the heart of a traditional town used for community gatherings.
14 Famous City Squares around the World ... touropia.com
3. Parks- A park is an area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats.
City of Papillion Parks | Papillion, NE papillion.org
4. Pubs- It is a tavern or bar.
Camerons Pubs - Venues - Leased and ... cameronsbrewery.com
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5. Shopping Malls- A large building or series of connected buildings containing a variety of retail stores and typically also restaurants.
Modern Slavery in Shopping Malls ... dokuz8haber.net
You can classify every type of community by the purpose that brings them together. 1. Interest. Communities of people who share the same interest or passion. 2. Action. Communities of people trying to bring about change. 3. Place. Communities of people brought together by geographic boundaries. 4. Practice. Communities of people in the same profession or undertake the same activities. 5. Circumstance. Communities of people brought together by external events/situations. Difference between Formal Groups and Informal Groups Formation of Formal and Informal Groups
accountlearning.com One of the main differences between the formal and informal group is the process through which some groups are formed. 22
The management of the company to achieve specific tasks deliberately forms formal groups. This means that some rules and regulations guide the formation of a formal group. One cannot leave the group without the authority of the management. On the other hand, an informal group is voluntarily formed by members coming together to satisfy their personal and psychological needs. One can join and leave the group when he or she decides.
Structure of Formal and Informal Groups
Structures of a formal group are defined where the hierarchy and flow of information from one member of the group to the other member is communicated. This means that there is a chain of command through which instructions are administered. Most of the time an informal group does not have structures, but when it does exist it is mostly not defined. This means that there is no chain of command and the flow of information from one member to the other. Additionally, communication in a formal group flows from top to bottom while conversation in an informal group moves sideways without a defined path. Difference Between Urban Community and Rural Community. Formation of Urban and Rural community
californiaagtoday.com
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In a formal group, the relationship between members is professional because the group is created to achieve a specific task or goal that is controlled by the management of the organization. Moreover, professional relationship between members is brought about by the fact that some members are senior in the organization.
tabletalkatlarrys.com
In an informal group, the relationship between members is personal. Members of an informal group know each other at a personal level thus making their relationship to be guided by personal aspects. Additionally, there is no seniority in the group, which means that any member can assume a leadership position.
Size of Formal and Informal Groups Formal groups are usually large because they are formed with the purpose of ensuring that they can achieve goals that measure the success of the company. Members of a formal group have skills and competencies to handle official activities on behalf of the company. Informal groups are comparatively small because close friends or people who know one another on a personal level form them. This makes it challenging to assemble many members since not all persons in an organization know one another at a personal level. Nature/Life of Formal and Informal Groups Formal groups are usually stable and are likely to exist for a lengthy period. Additionally, the task allocated to a formal group may last for a long duration hence making the formal group exist until the task allocated is completed. Informal groups are not stable because they are governed by the feelings between the members. In case the sentiments between members become volatile, the group is likely to be dissolved.
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Relationship of Formal and Informal Groups Based on the density of population, development, amenities, employment opportunities, education, etc. human settlement is majorly divided into two categories i.e. Urban and Rural. Urban refers to a human settlement where the rate of urbanization and industrialization is high. On the other hand, in a rural settlement, is one where the rate of urbanization is quite slow. Another important difference between the two human settlements is that while urban areas are highly populated, rural areas have comparatively less population than the urban ones.
ASSESSMENT
Instructions: The letters of the words are jumbled. Figure out what the word is and write your answer in your notebook. 1. YOGSOICOL 2. TOYESCI 3. NOITZAINGARO 4. LARRU 5. NARBU 6. LAMNIROF 7. TYCOMIMUN 8. LASOCI CAPSE 9. BALLGO 10. CRETSO
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES In your activity notebook, answer the following: 1. Describe your community in five (5) sentence only. 2. List down what are the advantages of the type of community you belong. Give at least five (5) advantages.
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ANSWER KEY
References: https://www.google.com/search?q=academic+images&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1& fir=nxeGuZLZdQ3_eM%252CvDddBxUTu7NOkM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_kQoA9Gw1n9f7rXSmKLTTCkVHYkIOA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimvYOp_sbqAhVP7W EKHRFRAjIQ9QEwA3oECAoQKg&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=4ViriFlc6wv5hM Youth for Change - Home | Facebook facebook.com coopsfor2030.coop naturefirstecovillage.in youtube.com http://www.differencebetween.net/business/organizations-business/differencebetween-formal-groups-and-informal-groups/#ixzz6Rf7SR4XK https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/top-8-characteristics-of-urbancommunity-explained/35080 http://globalcommunitywebnet.com/GPA/globalleaders.htm#:~:text=The%20Global% 20Community%20will%20show,everywhere%2C%20integrity%2C%20and%20caring https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/analyze/where-to-start/communitysectors/main# Wikipedia http://www.cdpdj.qc.ca/en/droits-de-la-personne/motifs/Pages/condition-sociale.aspx www.britannica.com researchgate.net https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-urban-and-rural.html iimstudy.blogspot.com asean.org Pinterest
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