Comparative Police System2222

COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM BRYAN T. YANG, M.S. Justice Polis = a Greek word which means “city-state” or a system of organized civil enforcement to preserve life, liberty, property, food sources, community health and the enforcement of laws.

Politeia = An ancient Greek word derived from the word “Polis" “the conditions and rights of the citizen, or citizenship", analogous to the Latin “civitas” system of government, state organization, form of government, and, more recently, régime. = A government of city or civil organization and the state where the word police was said to have been originated. Police = The governmental department charged with the regulation and control of the affairs of a community, now chiefly the department established to maintain order, enforce the law, and prevent and detect crime. (French word ) Policer =, from Old French policie, civil organization, from Late Latin politia, from Latin, the State, from Greek politeia, from polites, citizen, from polis, city;) COMPARATIVE = an estimate of relative likeness or unlikeness of two objects or event GLOBALIZATION = package of transnational flow of people, production, investment, information, ideas and authority. = growing interpenetration of states, markets, communication and ideas. EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION to Law Enforcement = law enforcers are expected to be the protector of the people…….unaccountable flow of migration and open markets present new threats to state-based human rights regimes – great challenge to law enforcement. Threats to Law Enforcement 

increasing volume of human rights violations as evidence by genocide and mass killing

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conflict between nations

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Transnational criminal networks for drug trafficking, money laundering, terrorism

THEORIES OF POLICING SYSTEM 1. First Theory = development of theory to solve crime problems

2. Second Theory = also called economic or migration theory = crime everywhere is the result of unrestrained migration and overpopulation 3. Third Theory = “opportunity theory”. = those with higher standards of living becomes more careless of their belongings and opportunities for committing crime crime multiply. 4. Fourth Theory = also known as “demographic theory” = based on the presumption that when greater number of children are born delinquent subcultures are develop out of the adolescent crisis. 5. Fifth Theory = “deprivation theory” = people at the bottom level develop unrealistic expectations while people at the top don’t see themselves rising fast enough 6. Sixth Theory = “modernization theory” = sees the problem as society becoming too complex 7. Seventh Theory = suggest that progressive lifestyle and norms result in the disintegration of older norms TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEM 1. Common Law Systems = usually exists in English speaking countries of the world = there is strong adversarial system and rely upon oral system of evidence in which the public trial is a main focal point = also known as “Anglo-American Justice” 2. Civil Law Systems = distinguished by strong inquisitorial system where less right is granted to the accused and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation = also known as “Continental Justice or Romano-Germanic Justice” 3. Socialist System = distinguished by procedures designed to rehabilitate the offender. = known as Marxist-Leninist Justice and exist in places such as Africa and Asia 4. Islamic System = based more on the concept of natural justice or customary law or tribal traditions THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

Continental = is the theory of police service which maintains that police officers are servants of higher authorities. This theory prevails in the continental countries like France, Italy and Spain.  Home Rule = the theory of police service which states that police officers are servants of the community or the people. This theory prevails in England and United States. It is also the police service which prevails in country with decentralized form of government. This is likewise the police service theory that should prevail in the Philippines based on the existing laws, concepts and principles.  Old police service = states that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the number of arrest made.

 Modern police service = states that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the absence of crime.

 Deviance Control = is the modern police function which primarily involves the mission to reinforce community values and laws. This was adopted by Germany, China and Japan.  Civil order control = is not organizationally separated from deviance control but is performed by regular street police in the country of England and United States. EARLY POLICING SYSTEM Praetorian guards = military bodies who serve as guardians of peace in ancient Rome in which the idea of policing said to have originated Officer de la Paix = a French term which claimed to be the origin of the term Police Officer Magna Carta, "The Great Charter" = promulgated by King John of England = The Magna Carta is the very foundation of which the US Constitution was founded upon. = the Magna Carta and the US Constitution guaranteed the people of England and the United States the fundamental liberties and freedoms, which should have been self-evident for democratic societies. These documents preserve our greatest heritages that no person would be deprived of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness absent due process of law and justice. Art. 39 of the Magna Carta read: “No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned or disposed or outlawed or banished or in any way destroyed except by legal judgment of his peers or by the laws of the land” ( This then was the beginning of the Jury System).

Tun policing = A system of policing emerged during the Anglo-Saxon period whereby all male residents were required to guard the town (tun) to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people. About 700 AD, the people living in England in small rural towns used the Anglo-Saxon System. Ten families in a town (tun) equaled a tithing. Each tithing elected a leader who was known as the Tithingman. Since 10 tithings amounted to 100, the leader of the 100 families was named the reeve. Both the tithingman and reeve were elected officials. They possessed judicial power as well as police authority. “Hue and Cry” = a village law started in Britain which provides for methods of apprehending a criminal by an act of the complainant to shout to call all male residents to assemble and arrest the suspect.

Trial by Ordeal = an ancient method of determining the guilt or innocence of a suspect by subjecting the suspect to unpleasant or dangerous experience. Norman Period of Policing (1066- 1285 A.D.) Norman William, the conqueror, King of France) invaded and conquered England, a military regime of conquers and dictator began and changes the concept of crime being committed against the state. Shire-Rieve System = is the policing system during the Norman Period when England was divided into fifty-five (55) military areas, each headed by a ruler called the Rieve “Shires” = a division of (55) military areas in England under the Regime of France. “Rieve” (the head-man) = the military leader (lieutenants of the army) who is in charge of the Shires. “Shire-Rieve”= the origin of the word “Sheriff” = A person whose absolute power that no one could questions his or her actions. “Constabuli” or “The Keeper of the Horse” = (2) constabuli were appointed to each village to aid the Rieve in his duties. It becomes the source of the word Constable.

“Circuit Judges or Traveling Judge” = judge selected to hear cases which were formerly being judge by the Shire-Rieve and tasked to travel through and hear criminal cases. This was the first instance of the division of the police and judicial powers. “Leges Henrici” = laws issued by King Henry which marked a great division in the history of policing. It stated ---“There will be certain offenses against the King’s Peace, Arson, Robbery, Murder, False Coinage and Crimes of Violence which deemed to be felonious. It classifies offenses against the king and the individual

= empowered the police and the citizens to conduct arrest and assigned grand jury to inquire on the fact of law. It introduced the system called “citizen’s arrest”. “Grand Jury” (a body of men) = 1215, a system which make inquisition into the facts of a crime and eliminate the “Anglo-Saxon trial or “Trial by Ordeal System” Frankpledge System = a system of policing whereby a group of ten neighboring male residents over twelve years of age were required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people Keeper’s of the Peace = is the proclamation issued by King Richard of England sometime in 1195 that required the appointment of knights to keep the King’s peace by standing as guards on bridges and gates while checking the people entering and leaving the cities and towns The Westminster Period (1285 – 1500) = It is called by this name because the laws governing policing came out of the capital of England, which at the time was Westminster = the watch-and-ward system evolved to provide citizens with protection from crime. During times of duress, the men on watch would raise the hue and cry to summon assistance from the citizens of the…. =…...The system developed in 13th century England to preserve the peace in local communities. Guards were appointed and the duties of the constables at night (watch) and in daytime (ward) were defined. Town gates remained closed from dusk to dawn, strangers had to produce sureties to prove their identity and business, up to 16 men maintained the watch in cities, twelve in boroughs, and four in smaller communities. = Modifications to the system were eventually incorporated in the Statute of Winchester of 1285, a collection of regulations aimed at keeping the peace Statute of 1295 = the law that mark the beginning of the curfew hours, which demanded the closing of the gates of London during sundown Justice of the Peace (about 1361) = this is in response to a study made on the works of the Shire-Rieves or Sheriffs which reveals to be inefficient in law enforcement. = Three or four men who were learned in the law of the land were given authority to pursue arrest, chastise and imprison violators of law. They handled felonies, misdemeanors and infractions of city or villages ordinances. = This was later abolished about 75 years later Courts of the Star-Chamber (1487) = a special court designed to try offenders against the state.

= The room set-up is formed in a shape of a star and judges were given great powers such as the power to force testimony from a defendant leading to a great abuse of power or brutality on the part of the judges King Charles II of England (1663) = passed an act which established or promote the employment of watchmen or bellmen to be on duty from sunset to sunrise. Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 = the law that established the first organized police force in England called Metropolitan Police. Sir Robert Peel (1829) = the person regarded as the Father of Modern Policing System for having contributed to the creation of the most efficient police organization in the world. = The first formally organized modern police force was derived after Sir Robert Peel’s Nickname – the Bobbies Robert Peel introduced the following concepts of policing: (1) The Police should be organized along military lines (2) The police should be placed under screening and training (3) The police should be hired on probationary basis (4) The police should be developed by time and by area LONDON POLICING PRIOR TO 1829 Henry Fielding = appointed as Magistrate in 1748, introduced the first detective force, known as the Bow Street Runners Bow Runners = a group of men organized by Henry Fielding and named by his brother John Fielding task to catch thieves and robbers identified by carrying a Tipstaff with the Royal Crown = made up of eight constables who also investigated crimes handed over to them by the volunteer constables and watchmen 1798 = Marine Police Force was established, salaried constables were being paid by local magistrates. = initially made up of 220 Constables assisted by 1,000 registered dock workers, and was responsible for preventing the theft of cargo. = widely regarded as being the first modern police force in the world, in the sense that they were not government controlled and were responsible for the prevention of crime. LONDON 1829

Sir Robert Peel = appointed as Home Secretary in 1822 METROPOLITAN POLICE = organized in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel (Metropolitan Police Act of 1829) = the largest of the police services that operate in greater London (the others include the City of London Police and the British Transport Police) = finest police force around the world. TOTAL POLICING = motto of London Metropolitan Police IMPORTANT DATES 1833 = Coldbath Fields Riot (Grays Inn Road). A major crowd disturbance dealt with by the Metropolitan Police with controversial use of force. 1836 = The Metropolitan Police absorb the Bow Street Horse Patrol into its control. 1838 = incorporates Marine Police and Bow Street Runners into the Metropolitan Police and the disbandment of the Bow Street Office and other Offices. These were all agreed and put into effect. Administration Policing Principles London Metropolitan Police 1. Stable and effective civil police under government control 2. Absence of crime is the best proof of efficiency 3. Fast distribution of crime news to the police is essential. Commissioner = highest rank in the Metropolitan Police Police Constable = lowest rank Contributions of the French in Policing Assigning house numbers Installing street lights Use of police ambulances Use of warrant card and ID signifying the authority to arrest UNITED STATES POLICING SYSTEM New York City = it is where the first full time police force was organized in the United States New York Police Department = the largest police force in the United States Texas Ranger = police force originally created in response to colonization

Stephen Austin = the founder of Texas Ranger. Also known as the “Father of Texas”

Department of Homeland Security = a federal law enforcement agency in the United States which handles U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, United States Secret Service, United States Coast Guard and Transportation Security Administration Federal Police Forces = (Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI) the largest and best known federal law enforcement agency part of the U.S. Dept. of Justice = authorized to enforce various laws not only at the federal level, but also state, county, and local in many circumstances Metropolitan Police Department = A type of U.S. Police which has jurisdiction covering multiple communities and municipalities County Police / Sheriff Dept. = a type of U.S. Police exist only in metropolitan counties and has countywide jurisdiction State and Local Police = (state troopers so called) Boston Police Department = first local modern police department established in the United States Pennsylvania State Police = the first state police agency established Los Angeles Police Department = police force that hired the first female police officer named, Alice Stebbins Wells The United States police rank model is generally quasi-military in structure. Although the large and varied number of federal, state, and local police departments and sheriff's office have different ranks, a general model, from highest to lowest rank, would be:  Chief of Police/Police Commissioner/Superintendent/Sheriff  Deputy Chief of Police/Deputy Commissioner/Deputy Superintendent/Undersheriff  Inspector/Commander/Colonel  Major/Deputy Inspector  Captain  Lieutenant  Sergeant  Detective/Inspector/Investigator

 Officer/Deputy Sheriff/Corporal INDONESIA POLICING SYSTEM Indonesian National Police (Kepolisian Negara Republika Indonesia) = is the official police force of Indonesia = organized 1946 = also known as Polri Markasbesar/Mabes = name of the headquaters of Indonesian National Police located in KebayoranBaru, South, Jakarta, Indonesia POLRI TERRITORIAL FORCES 1. Kepolisian Daerah or polda = provincial police 2. Kepolisian Wilayah or Polwil = regional police 3. Kepolisian Resort or Polres = city police 4. Kepolisian Sector or Polsek = sub-district police SPECIAL BRANCHES 1. Brigade Mobile (BRIMOB) = the most militarized trained to deal with mass demonstrations = paramilitary role to conduct security stabilization operations and providing security for VIP and vital facilities 2. Anti-Riot Unit (Pasukan Anti Huru-Hura) = received special anti-riot training 3. Sea and Air Police = responsible patrolling the airspace 4. Plainclothes Unit = assigned in conducting investigations 5. Maritime Police = responsible in protecting the territorial sea 6. Anti-Terrorist Unit = trained in counter-terrorism 7. Forensics = in-charged of laboratory examination of evidence POLICE RECRUIT VOLUNTEERS At least sixth-grade education and should pass the competitive examination. After 3 years, personnel with junior secondary diploma could enter into training to become NCO. ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE (RMP: Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia, PDRM) = police force of Malaysia.

= headquarters is located at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur = The constitution, control, employment, recruitment,fund, discipline, duties and powers of the police force is specified and governed by the Police Act 1967 = TEGAS, ADIL DAN BERHEMAH = Firm, Fair And Prudent RMP Organizations 1. Management Department = the Management Department is tasked with the routine of management and administration affairs of the RMP. This department is also the nerve centre of the RMP and acts as the support services platform for the rest of the force. 2. Logistics Department = has the role to provide several equipments needed in RMP 3. Criminal Investigation Division = deals with the investigation, arrest and prosecution of hard crimes (murder, robbery, rape etc) and petty crimes (theft, house-breaking etc). = This department also specializes in gambling, vice and secret societies (triads) Branches of Criminal Investigation Division D1 – Administrative Division D2 – Criminal Record Registration D3 – Internal Affairs D4 – Statistics D5 – Prosecution and Law Divisions D6 – Technical Assistance Division D7 – Gambling / Vice / Secret Societies D8 – Investigation Division / Planning D9 – Special Investigation Division D10 – Forensic Laboratory Division D11 – Sexual Investigation Division D12 – National Centre Bureau-Interpol Division 4. Narcotics Criminal Investigation Division = this department's function is to fight against dangerous drugs by enforcing the law to stop and reduce the demand and supply of dangerous drugs.

5. Internal Security and Public Order Department = responsible for traffic control and Search & Rescue (SAR) operations 6. The Police Field Force (PFF) = organized in battalions and was a para-military units of the Royal Malaysia Police. Also known as the Jungle Squad = established in 1948 7. Police Counter-Terrorism Unit = an elite unit of RMP responsible in counter-terrorism operations 8. UNGERIN = Unit Gempur Marin (UNGERIN) (Marine Combat Unit) was established in 2006 and it was fully operational by the end of 2007 = first name was Unit Selam Tempur due to the pressing need to suppress the pirate attacks alongside the coastal area of Malacca Straits and open sea area of South China Sea which were continuously widespread from time to time despite various efforts done to overcome the problem = members received training from U.S 9. Federal Reserve Unit (FRU) = (Malay: Pasukan Simpanan Persekutuan) = its role is riot suppression, crowd control, disaster relief & rescue, as well as special operations assistance = organized in 1955 10. C4-i Implementations System = (abbreviation for Command, Control, Communications, ComputerIntegrated) = based at Police Control Centre in all police contingents in Malaysia. = this unit is assigned to patrol the city and the suburbs. 11. The Marine Operations Force or (Malay: Pasukan Gerakan Marin) = tasked with maintaining law and order and coordinating search and rescue operations in the Malaysian Maritime Zone and on the high seas 12. Royal Malaysian Police Air Wing Unit or Unit Udara PDRM (UUP) = is a special unit of Royal Malaysia Police with a vital role in maintaining national security with thorough surveillance and patrol from the air 13. Special Branch = This department is responsible for collecting intelligence for national security 14. Traffic Unit = responsible in maintaining the flow of traffic 15. Commercial Crimes Investigation Department = this department's main function is to investigate, arrest, and prosecute offenders committing white collar crimes such as fraud, breach of trust, cybercrimes, forgery, counterfeiting etc

16. Mounted Police = police who patrol on horseback (equestrians) or camelback. They continue to serve in remote areas and in metropolitan areas where their day-to-day function may be picturesque or ceremonial, but they are also employed in crowd control because of their mobile mass and height advantage Singapore Francis James Bernard = formed the skeleton force as the heritage of Singapore Police Force in 1819. Singapore Police Force (SPF) is the main agency task with the maintaining law and order in the citystate. It is formerly known as Republic of Singapore Police. Organized with split staff (15) and line functions (13) roughly modeled after the military. Headquarters at New Poenix Park in Novena. The highest rank is Commissioner of Police and the lowest is Police Constable. Section 7 of Police Force Act of 1857 = constitution of the SPF Recruitment/training High school graduates who were interested in law enforcement as a career can be recruited and those who are selected for officers had to be approved by the Public Service Commission. Career development course were encouraged for officer and senior officers are required to travel oversees for training such as in Police Staff College in Britain, FBI Nat’l Academy in US and Police Academy in Japan. Nine (9) months training. Newly appointed officer will be placed on a one year probation period. JAPAN POLICING SYSTEM

Keihoryo (Police Bureau within the Ministry of Home affairs to 1945) Japanese Colonial Government = the one which organized the first formal policing in China. Japanese Yakuza = considered as the center of Asian organized crime action. Municipal Police = police force in municipality with population over 5,000. National Rural Police Force = for the other areas which where integrated. National Public Safety Commission = a government body responsible for the administrative supervision of the police. Japan National Police Agency = a totally gunless police force, except for its special attack team. An apolitical police. Commissioner General = The highest ranking member of the Japan National Police Agency.

Superintendent General = the highest rank and also the head of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department. Kempetai = refers to the Japanese military force. Imperial Guard = responsible for escorting the Emperor, the Empress, the Crown prince and other members of the immediate family including the Palace (under the control of the Home Ministry). Koban = a system of policing adopted in Japan, a substation near major transportation hubs and shopping areas and in residential districts which forms the first line of police response to the public. = Koban usually staffed by 3-5 officers and about 7000 residential police boxes (Chuzaishostaffed by a single officer). About 20 % of police is assigned to Koban. Regional Police Bureau = the local organizations to carry out part of the NPA’s functions. There are about 7 Bureaus in the major cities except for Tokyo and Hokkaido where in Tokyo, Metropolitan Police department (headed by Superintendent General) has long been established and shares the same location with the NPA. Prefectural Police has the whole of Hokkaido under its jurisdiction. Director General = heads each Regional Bureau acting upon orders from the Commission General of the NPA. Prefectural Public Safety Commission = administrative commission functioning under the representative system which supervise the prefectural police. Under the Jurisdiction of the Governor. Though not empowered to give order to the Commission. CHINA POLICE SYSTEM Ministry of National Defense = is the top of the hierarchy with judicial and public security agencies such as Ministry of Public safety and the Ministry of State Security. Ministry of Public Security= is the principal police authority of the mainland of the People’s Republic of China which oversee the day to day law enforcement. (It is the equivalent of the National Police Agency in Japan). Ministry of State Security = the Chinese government’s largest and most active foreign intelligence agency, though it is also involved in domestic security matters. Kinds of police People’s Armed Police (PAP), 1980’s deals with domestic disturbances, acts as riot police and guard’s government compounds and foreign embassies. Usually handles border defense but is called sometimes to back up local police. State Security Police = (1983) safeguards state security, prevent foreign espionage, sabotage and conspiracies. Under the Ministry of State Security and directly accountable to the State council.

Prison Police = a part of the correctional arm of the overall police system stationed in prisons and correction units. This is under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice. Judicial Police = responsible for maintaining the security and order in courts and serving instruments and some also executing death sentences. Quasi parapolice (“Cheng guan”) = operate in many places and hired by officials to help carry out some unpopular actions such as collecting taxes and fines and ousting peasants from seized land. Special Police College = conducts nationwide recruitment once a year. Central Military Commission = appoints police in China People’s Liberation Army = Chinese Armed forces. Civil Service Promotion Examinations = basis for regulation of the Rank promotion Examination for police officer. THAILAND POLICE SYSTEM Royal Thai Police = formerly known as THAILAND NATIONAL POLICE DEPARTMENT (TNPD) = In 1998, TNPD was transferred from the Ministry of Interior of Thailand to be directly under the Office of the Prime Minister using the name Royal Thai Police. The position of its supreme head was changed from that of the Director-General of the TNPD to the Commissioner-General of the Royal Thai Police Royal Thai Police Headquarters = based in Bangkok Police-General = highest rank of the Royal Thai Police Policeman / Constable = lowest rank BRUNEI POLICE SYSTEM Royal Brunei Police Force (Polis Diraja Brunei – PDRB) = created in 1921 which is responsible for keeping law and order and providing law enforcement services throughout Brunei Inspector-General of Police = highest rank Lance Corporal = lowest rank CANADA Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) = colloquially known as Mounties and internally as “The Force” = is the national police force of Canada and one of the most recognized of its kind in the word being a national, federal, provincial and municipal policing body. It is founded in 1920 by the Merger of Royal Northwest Mounted Police(1873) with the Dominion Police (1868).

= headed by the Commission under the direction of the Minister of Public Safety Canada. Commissioner = highest rank in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Police Constable 4th Class = lowest rank Australian Federal Police = a progressive and multi-faceted law enforcement organization, taking strong lead in the fight against 21st century crime. Commissioner = highest rank Federal Agent = lowest rank Philippine Police System  During the Spanish Regime 

Maintenance of law and order is a part of the military system for the defense of the colony;

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Locally organized police forces although performing civil duties is a direct adjunct of the colonial military establishments; (policemen in appearance yet colonial soldiers in the ultimate sense.

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Police functions consisted mainly of (1) suppression of brigandage by patrolling unsettled areas; (2) detection of local or petty uprising by spying upon the work and movements of the people and; (3) the enforcement of tax collection including church revenues.

 Cuardilleros = a body of rural police organized in each town established by Royal decree of Jan. 8, 1836. It mandates that 5% of the able bodied male inhabitants of each province where to be enlisted in this police organization for 3 years. There services are originally not paid or gratuitous subject to some privileges although in some province they received a proportionate pay ranging from 4.00 to 8.00 depending on the revenue collection.  Carabineros De Seguridad Publica = Organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of the Department of State. This was armed and considered as the mounted police who later discharged the duties of a port, harbor and river police. It was later given special commission by Royal Decree of December 20, 1842 and it was called – Cuerco De Seguridad Publica ( Corps of Crabbiness for Public Security). Gurdia Civil = Created by Royal decree on February 12, 1852, to partially relieve the Spanish peninsula troops of their works in policing towns. It is consisted of a body of Filipino policemen organized originally in each of the provincial capital of the province of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor.) The American occupation of the Philippines:

 Philippine Commission Act No. of 175 = (July 18, 1901) an act providing for the organization and government of an Insular Constabulary.   Sec. 1, Act 255 of October 3, 1901 = renamed the Insular Constabulary to Philippine Constabulary (a national police institution for preserving peace, keeping order and enforcing the law.   Henry Allen = the first Chief of the Philippine Constabulary.   Rafael Crame = the first Filipino Chief of the Philippine Constabulary.  Act No 70 = (On January 9, 1901) The Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized  E.O. 389 = Ordered that the PC be one of the four services of the AFP, dated December 23, 1940.  P.D. 765 = Integration Act of 1975, dated August 8, 1975, established the Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the PC as the nucleus and the Integrated local police forces as components, under the Ministry of National Defense. E.O. 1012 =transferred to the city and municipal government the operational supervision and direction over the INP units assigned within their locality.

R.A. 4864 =It created the POLCOM (Police Commission) as a supervisory agency to oversee the training and professionalization of the local police under the Officer of the President. Otherwise known as the Police Professionalization act of 1966, dated September 8, 1966. It was later renamed as the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM).  E.O. 1040 = Transferred the Admin. Control and Supervision of the INP from the ministry of National Defense to the National Police Commission   R.A. 6975 = It is otherwise known as the Department of Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, enacted on December 13, 1990. Established the PNP, BFP, BJMP and the PPSC.   R.A. 8551 Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted 1998, amending the provision of R.A. 6975

Act No. 181 = created the Division of Investigation (DI) of the Department of Justice dated November 1938.

R.A. 157 = created the National Bureau of Investigation, enacted June 19, 1947 and later reorganized by R,A. 2678

Line and Staff = the organizational structure of the P.N.P. which is also adopted by many police organization in the world. P.N.P. = headed by Chief with a rank of Director General with two (2) Deputy Director General (1) for Administration and (2) for Operation. Although there are three (3) Deputy Director General ranks. SOP No. 7 = prescribed PNP guidelines in the conduct of operations against terrorists and other lawless elements involved in terrorist activities.

INTERPOL

Interpol (1923) = (International Criminal Police Organization) is the police forces organization that primarily manifest global or international cooperation in addressing transnational crime. Its headquarters was initially located in Vienna Austria (it is where Interpol was founded) but at present it is transferred to Lyon France. INTERPOL = is the world’s largest international police organization, with 190 member countries. It exists to help create a safer world by supporting law enforcement agencies worldwide to combat crime. It aims to facilitate international police co-operation, and supports and assists all organizations, authorities and services whose mission is to prevent or combat internal crime. = the organization of law enforcement agencies worldwide that serves as transmission or communication line for the exchange of information, data and request for assistance between and among the member countries. It focuses on: (1) Combat crimes and transnational crimes; (2) protect minorities against the dominant groups; and (3) Maintain law enforcement regardless of race or religion. INTERPOL’ s Structure

General Assembly

Executive Committee General Secretariat National Central Bureaus Advisers The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files.  General Assembly = is the supreme governing body of the Interpol, it meets annually and comprises delegates appointed by each member country. The assembly takes all important decisions related to policy, resources, working methods, finances, activities and programmes.

 Executive Committee = consisting of 13 members elected by the General Assembly and comprises the president, three vice –presidents and nine delegates covering the four regions. + It is the INTERPOL’s select deliberate organ which meets three times a year, usually in March, July and immediately before the General Assembly.  General Secretariat = (Lyon, France) operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and is run by the Secretary General. It Works with Officials of more than 80 countries side-by-side using four official languages: Arabic, English, French and Spanish. It consists of seven (7) regional offices across the world namely:  Argentina,  Cameron,  Cote D’Ivoire,  Kenya,  El Salvador,  Thailand, and  Zimbabwe. National Central Bureaus (NCB) = Each INTERPOL member country maintains a National Central Bureau staffed by National law enforcement officers. The NCB is the designated contact point for the General Secretariat, regional offices and other member countries requiring assistance with overseas investigations and the location and apprehension of fugitives. Advisers = these are experts in a purely advisory capacity, who may be appointed by the Executive Committee and confirmed by the General Assembly.

Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’ File (CCF) = this is an independent body whose mandate is threefold : (1) to ensure that the processing of personal information by INTERPOL complies with the Organization’s regulations, (2) to advice INTERPOL on any project, operation, set of rules or other matter concerning the information contained in INTERPOL’S files.

 INTERPOL’s Governance = comprises the General Assembly and the Executive Committee, which is headed by the President. The President of the Organization is elected by the General Assembly for a period of four (4) years. His role is to chair the General Assembly and Executive Committee and ensure that INTERPOL’S activities conform with decisions made at these meetings.  Oskar Dressler = the first secretary general of the Interpol.  Johann Schober = the first president of the Interpol. Red Notice To seek the arrest or provisional arrest of wanted persons with a view to extradition. Blue Notice To collect additional information about a person’s identity or activities in relation to a crime. Green Notice To provide warnings and criminal intelligence about persons who have committed criminal offences and are likely to repeat these crimes in other countries. Yellow Notice To help locate missing persons, often minors, or to help identify persons who are unable to identify themselves. Black Notice To seek information on unidentified bodies. Orange Notice To warn police, public entities and other international organizations about potential threats from disguised weapons, parcel bombs and other dangerous materials. Purple Notice To provide information on modus operandi, procedures, objects, devices and hiding places used by criminals. The following are channels of global bilateral and multilateral international cooperation against transnational crime:  Global multi-lateral cooperation via Interpol;

 Bilateral police cooperation agreements with individual states;  European multilateral cooperation via Europol. System of policing that serves as a grass root approach to bring the people and the police together in cooperative manners:  Problem Oriented Policing  Community Policing  Cooperative Policing  Team Policing United Nations = officially came into existence on October 24, 1945 = Coined by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt in the declaration by United Nation. This declaration was made to officially state the Cooperation of the allies (Great Britain, the united states, and the Union of soviet Socialist Republics ) Branches of UN 1. UN general Assembly = This is the main decision- making and representative assembly in the UN through its policies and recommendations. It is composed of all member states , is headed by a president elected from the member states, and meets from September to December 2. UN Security Council = is another branch in the organization of the UN and is the most powerful of all the branches. 3. International Court of Justice = Located in the Hague, Netherlands. This branch is responsible for the judicial matters of the UN. 4.Secretariat = Its main responsibility is providing studies, information, and other data needed Five Permanent Members 1. China 2. France 3. Russia 4. United Kingdom 5. United States ASEANAPOL

1981 (Manila) = The first formal meeting of The Chiefs of ASEAN Police = Attended by 5 original member countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) 1983 (Jakarta) = Endorsement of the model & design of ASEANAPOL logo 1984 (Kuala Lumpur) = Royal Brunei Police became a member and joined the annual conference 1996 (Kuala Lumpur) = Vietnam joined as a new member 1998 (Brunei) = Laos joined ASEANAPOL 2000 (Myanmar) = Myanmar became the 10th country to joined as a new member 2005 (Bali) = The setting up of a working group to consider the viability of establishing a permanent ASEANAPOL Secretariat = Silver Jubilee Commemoration of ASEANAPOL 2008 (Brunei) = The Royal Malaysia Police was chosen as a host of permanent ASEANAPOL Secretariat 2009 (Vietnam) = Adoption of Terms of Reference (TOR) 2010 = On 1st January 2010 commencement of ASEANAPOL Secretariat in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Q and A 1. The Greek word which means “government of a city” or “civil organization and the state”, which is claimed as the origin of the word police refers to “politeia”. A. False

D. No

B .True

E. Partly

2. The idea of policing originated from military bodies as guardians of peace in ancient Rome known as: A. Praetorian guards B. Soldati

C. Medjays D. Polis

3. Police is a term introduced by the: A. Americans

C. French

B. English

D. Russians

4. This is a system of policing that emerged during the Anglo-Saxon period. Under this system, all male residents are required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people: A. Tun policing

C. Royal judge

B. Hue and cry

D. Frankpledge system

5. This system of policing was composed of a group of ten neighboring male resident over twelve years old who were tasked to apprehend any person who offends another and deliver him for trial. A. Frankpledge system

C. Hue and cry

B. Tun policing

D. Shire reeve

6. The policing system during the Norman period which is claimed as the forerunner of the word Sheriff, whereby England was divided into fifty military districts, each headed by a ruler in order to enhance policing was: A. Frankpledge system

C. Tun policing

B. Shire-Rieve system

D. Magna Carta

7. A law enacted which classifies offenses against the King and the individuals, made policemen public official, empowered the police and the citizens to conduct arrest and assigned grand jury to inquire on the facts of the law refers to: A. Leges Henrici C. Statute of Winchester B. Magna Carta D. Statute of 1295 8. The forerunner of the circuit trial judge was: A. Leges Henrici

C. Travelling judge

B. Magna Carta

D. Justice of the peace

9. The law that introduced warrantless or citizen’s arrest was: A. Leges Henrici C. Statute of Winchester B. Magna Carta D. Statute of 1295 10. The document sealed by King John of England that became law upon the demand of the knights of the round table which stated that no freeman shall be imprisoned except by legal judgment, no person shall be tried of murder unless there is proof of the body of the of the victim and that there shall be a national and local government and legislation refers to:

A. Magna Carta C. Statute of Winchester B. Leges Henrici D. Statute of 1295 11. What was the title of the proclamation issued by King Richard of England sometime in 1195 that required the appointment of knights to keep the King’s peace by standing as guards on bridges and gates while checking the people entering and leaving the cities and towns? A. Watch and ward

C. Justice of the peace

B. Keepers of the peace D. Peace officer 12. The law that introduced the policing system of watch and ward was: A. Magna Carta C. Statute of Winchester B. Statute of 1195

D. Statute of 1295

13. The law that marked the beginning of curfew hours, which demands the closing of the gates of London during sundown refers to: A. Magna Carta

C. Statute of 1295

B. Statute of Winchester

D. Statute of 1195

14. Who passed an act in 1663 that provided for the employment of night watchmen or bellmen to be on duty from sunset to sunrise? A. King John of England C. King Louis XIV of France B. King Charles II of England D. King Hammurabi 15. The term that is used to call the group of men organized by Hendy Fielding and named by his brother John Fielding, tasked to catch thieves was: A. Praetorian guards B. Scotland yard

C. Bow Street Runners D. Royal Guards

16. After the nickname of Sir Robert Peel, the acclaimed first formally organized modern police force was commonly known as: A. Puppies

C. Bobbies

B. Scotties

D. Robbies

17. The one regarded as the Father of Modern Policing System for contributing his brilliant concepts in policing which are still being used to day and paving the way for the creating of one of the most efficient police organization in the world was: A. Henry Fielding

C. John Fielding

B. Sir Robert Peel

D. Allan Pinkerton

18. . The Founder of the Texas Ranger, also known as the “Father of Texas” was: A. Stephen Austin

C. John Adams

B. Ned Kelly

D. Manny Texas

19. The following are the law enforcement principles enunciated by the Father of Modern Policing system, except: A. Prevention of crime is the basic mission of the police B. The police must have full respect of the citizenry C. The police are the public and the public are the police D. No free man shall be imprisoned except by final judgment 20. . What French term is claimed as the origin of the term peace officer: A. Officer de la paix

C. Sergent de arm

B. Sergent de ville

D. Carabineros de seguridad public

21. The contributions of the French in policing are the following, except: A. Use of handcuff B. Assigning house numbers C. Installing street lights D. Use of police ambulance E. Use of warrant card and ID signifying the authority to arrest 22. The first full time organized police force in United States was formed in: A. New York City

C. Los Angeles

B. Boston

D. Philadelphia

23. The police force which is originally created in response to colonization refers to:

A. Texas Ranger B. Los Angeles Police District C. New York Police District D. Scotland Yard 24. The body of police officers composed mostly of Filipinos organized during the Spanish regime that partially relieved the Spanish peninsular troops of their work in policing towns was the: A. Guardrilleros B. Carabineros de Seguridad publico C. Guardia Civil D. Policia 25. The body of rural police officers organized in each town by the Royal Decree of January 8, 1836, composed of 5% of the able bodied male inhabitants of each province, enlisted in such police organization for 3 years refers to: A. Guardrilleros B. Carabineros de Seguridad Publico C. Guardia Civil D. Kempetai 26. The first insular constabulary in the Philippines was created by virtue of: A. Act No. 175

C. Act No. 183

B. Act No. 255

D. Act. No. 157

27. The first insular constabulary in the Philippines was renamed as the Philippine Constabulary by virtue of: A. Act No. 175

C. Act No. 183

B. Act No. 255

D. Act. No. 157

28. The equivalent of Director General of the PNP with that of the Royal Thai Police: A. Commissioner

C. General

B. Police-General

D. Commissioner-General

29. The law that combined the personnel of the jail bureau, fire bureau and the Philippine Constabulary in a single police force refers to: A. PD No. 765

C. RA No. 4864

B. PD No. 1184

D. RA No. 6975

30. The law that created the Police Commission that later on became the National Police Commission pertain to: A. RA No. 4864

C. RA No. 6975

B. RA No. 6040

D. PD No. 765

31. The location of the headquarters of the United Nations: A. France

C. United States

B. New York

D. Austria

32. The second in command in the PNP is the: A. Chief of the Directorial Staff B. Aid de Camp C. Deputy Director General for Administration D. Deputy Director General for Operation 33. The regular German police force is termed as: A. Ordnungspolizei

C. Police Nationale

B. Surete Nationale

D. Red Gestapo

34. The theory of police service which maintains that police officers are servants of higher authorities refers to: A. Continental

C. Old

B. Home rule

D. Modern

35. The theory of police service which states that police officers are servants of the community or the people refers to:

A. Continental

C. Old

B. Home rule

D. Modern

36. The theory of police service that prevails among continental countries like France, Italy and Spain is: A. Continental

C. Old

B. Home rule

D. Modern

37. The theory of police service that prevails in England and United States is: A. Continental

C. Old

B. Home rule

D. Modern

38. The theory of police service that prevails in a country with a decentralized form of government is: A. Continental

C. Old

B. Home rule

D. Modern

39. The theory of police service that should prevail in the Philippines based on the existing laws, concepts and principles is: A. Continental

C. Old

B. Home rule

D. Modern

40. The concept of police service that relies on more number of arrest made as the yardstick of police efficiency is the: A. Continental

C. Old

B. Home rule

D. Modern

41. The concept of police service which states that the yardstick of police efficiency is the absence of crime refers to: A. Continental

C. Old

B. Home rule

D. Modern

42. The organizational structure of the PNP which is also adopted by many police organization in the word is:

A. Line B. Line and staff

C. Matrix D. All of them

43. This refers to the modern police function which primarily involves the mission to reinforce community values and laws: A. Civil order control B. Deviance control C. Delinquency control D. Enforcement of laws 44. The following countries adopt the same arrangement in performing the modern police functions, except: A. Germany

C. Japan

B. China

D. United States

45. In these countries, civil order control is not organizationally separated from deviance control but is performed by regular street police: A. Japan and United States B. China and Japan C. China and Germany D. England and United States 46. The police forces organization that primarily manifest global or international cooperation in addressing cooperation in addressing transnational crime is the: A. Scotland yard

C. Texas Rangers

B. Interpol

D. International Development and Crisis Management

47. The following are the channels of global bilateral and multilateral international cooperation against transnational crime, except: A. Global multi-lateral cooperation via Interpol B. Bilateral police cooperation agreements with individual states

C. European multilateral cooperation via Europol D. None of them 48. What is regarded as the totally gunless police force, except for its special attack team? A. New York Police District B. Scotland Yard C. Japan National Police Agency D. Texas Ranger 49. The term referring to the then Japanese Military Police was: A. Kamikaze

C. Harakiri

B. Kempetai

D. Samurai

50. This term refer to the rapid development of the western culture that ultimately affects other cultures in the world as brought by intellectual and technological advances, in which some crimes occurring in other countries are attributed: A. Globalization

C. Development

B. Industrialization

D. Migration

51. The organization of law enforcement agencies worldwide that serves as transmission or communication line for the exchange of information, data and request for assistance between and among the member countries refers to the: A. Interpol B. Scotland Yard C. Federal Bureau of Investigation D. World Peace Organization 52. The policing strategy in the Philippine that was patterned from the Koban System of Japan is: A. Integrated Patrol System B. One PNP C. Community Oriented Policing System D. None of them

53. Interpol completely stands for: A. International Police B. International Criminal Police Organization C. International Police Organization D. International Organization of Police Officers 54. The Interpol was established in what year? A. 1920

C.1923

B. 1921

D. 1933

55. The Interpol headquarters was initially located in: A. Vienna Austria B. New York City USA

C. London England D. Lyon France

56. The current location of the Interpol headquarters is in: A. Vienna Austria

C. New York City USA

B. London England

D. Lyon France

57. The supreme governing body of the Interpol is the: A. General assembly

C. Major assembly

B. Executive assembly

D. National Central bureau

58. The executive committee of the Interpol is composed of how many members? A. 10

C. 12

B. 11

D. 13

59. The first secretary general of the Interpol was: A. Oskar Dressler

C. Johan Schober

B. Louis Ducloux

D. Ronald Noble

60. The first president of the Interpol was: A. Johan Schober

C. Ronal Noble

B. Oskar Dressler

D. Louis Ducloux

61. The Koban policing system is adopted in: A. Japan

C. Malaysia

B. Korea

D. Thailand

62. The system of team policing began in: A. New York USA B. Aberdeen Scotland

C. London England D. Paris France

63. The system of policing that serves as a grass-root approach to bring the people and the police together in a cooperative manner refer to: A. Problem Oriented Policing B. Team Policing C. Community Policing D. Cooperative Policing 64. The police force that hired the first female police officer named, Alice Stebbins Wells: A. Boston Police Department B. New York Police Department C. Los Angeles Police Department D. Pennsylvania State Police 65. It is considered as the first state police agency established: A. Boston Police Department B. New York Police Department C. Los Angeles Police Department D. Pennsylvania State Police 66. The first local modern police department established in the United States

A. Boston Police Department B. New York Police Department C. Los Angeles Police Department D. Pennsylvania State Police 67. The highest ranking member of the Japan National Police Agency. A. Director General

C. General

B. Commissioner

D. Commissioner General

68. The top of the hierarchy with judicial and public security agencies in Japan: A. Ministry of Public Security B. Ministry of State Security C. Ministry of National Defense D. Prefectural Public Safety Commission 69. An agency in China which is the equivalent of the National Police Agency in Japan and the National Police Commission in the Philippines: A. Ministry of Public Security B. Ministry of State Security C. Ministry of National Defense D. Prefectural Public Safety Commission 70. The largest police force in the United States is the: A. Texas Rangers B. New York Police Department C. Washington DC Police Department D. Los Angeles Police Department 71. All, except one, are the languages utilized by General Secretariat of the Interpol: A. English

C. Arabic

B. Spanish

D. Latin

72. A notice which seeks the arrest or provisional arrest of wanted persons with a view to extradition: A. Red

C. Blue

B. Orange

D. Green

73. Interpol notice to collect additional information about a person’s identity or activities in relation to a crime. A. Red

C. Black

B. Blue

D. Green

74. It provides warnings and criminal intelligence about persons who have committed criminal offences and are likely to repeat these crimes in other countries. A. Red

C. Green

B. Blue

D. Orange

75. Notice which helps locate missing persons, often minors, or to help identify persons who are unable to identify themselves A. Red

C. Green

B. Blue

D. Yellow

76. An association of nations which officially came into existence on October 24, 1945: A. United Nations

C. Interpol

B. PNP

D. Aseanapol

77. All, except one, are the countries that unite which resulted to the birth of the United Nations: A. Great Britain

B. United States

C. Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics D. China 78. Branch of the United Nation which is considered as the most powerful of all the branches: A. General Assembly B. Secretariat C. Security Council D. International Court of Justice

79. The equivalent of Police Officer 1 in the PNP with that of the rank in London: A. Commissioner

C. Constable 3rd Class

B. Policeman

D. Police Constable

80. A government body responsible for the administration of the Japan National Police Agency which is equivalent to the NAPOLCOM: A. Office of the Prime Minister B. Ministry of Public Security C. National Public Safety Commission D. Ministry of Interior of Thailand