Crude Oil Processing.pdf

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

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Surface Processing Prepare HC for transportation via tanker and/or pipeline Water – less than 3 percent (Contract) Remove contaminants (H2S, CO2) Maximize volume of crude at well head ¾Manipulate surface pressures to maximize

Minimize crude temperature – max – API

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Equipment Systems Separation Systems ¾Gravity Segregation

Flow Lines ¾Flow from wellhead to treating facility ¾50 wells per tank battery

Piping Manifolds ¾1st part of processing train −Brings all flow lines together

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

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Oil Well

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Associated Gas Usage Flaring ¾“Greenhouse Effects – No longer Viable ¾“Money going up in Smoke”

Gas Injection Gas Lift Gas Sales

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Gas Separation 1st stage Separator at Gathering Facility ¾ Separates free gas from liquid ¾ Commonly 2 phase ¾ Low API Crude – 3 phase ¾ Gas exits at top of separator ¾ Fluids exit at bottom

Free Water Knockouts (FWKs) ¾ Horizontal vessels downstream of 2 stage ¾ Free water leaves vessel, any gas recaptured emulsion siphoned off

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Oil Well ¾Oil, Gas, Water, Emulsions, Solids ¾High Pressure or Low Pressure ¾Maintain produced gas at pipeline pressure – minimize compression ¾ High Pressure Multi-Stage Gas separation & pressure step-down prior to free water knock out @ atmospheric ¾Solids settle out, gas is recovered and liquids flow on ¾Free water knock out occurs by Gravity segregation with baffles

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Oil Wells ¾Gas exits at top of separator ¾Oil & Emulsion off the top of Salt water ¾Salt water stored and treated for disposal ¾Oil and emulsion move onto “Heater Treater” to break emulsion ¾Oil to Pipeline and “created gas” is dehydrated & compressed for pipeline

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Emulsion Breaking Apply Heat ¾(problem – lowers API, produces gas) ¾Reduces µ, coalesces water droplets

Inject Detergent Chemicals ¾Weakens interfacial tension

Apply Electric Potential ¾Charges water droplets- coalescence

Retention & Settling Tanks ¾Time to settle and break down

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Gas Wells ¾Gas contains various gases, water vapour & suspended solids ¾Produce to central gathering system & processing Facility ¾Gravity Separation of Gas and Fluids −Water disposal & Condensate to market

¾Amine Removal of H2S, CO2 ¾Glycol Dehydration for “Wet Gas” ¾Gas goes to market at specified contract conditions Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

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Gas Well Field Processing Dry – Gas Reservoirs ¾High Well Head Pressures

Gas changes at Choke ∆P ¾Water drop-out ¾@120° F & 4000 psi, 40#s H20 per MCF

Create Condensate Create Hydrates & Ice ¾Glycol De-Hydration ¾Solid Desiccant Units

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

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Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

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Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Natural Gas Environmentally Friendly ¾Complete burns no smoke or combustion by-products

High Hydrogen to Carbon Ratio ¾30 percent less carbon emissions than oil ¾50 percent less carbon emissions than coal − Per Unit Energy produced

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Remote Gas Fields “Remote” ‘Stranded Gas” ¾No nearby Market

Create a local value added market ¾Fertilizer plant ¾Aluminum Plant ¾Methanol Plant

Develop LNG Facilities ¾ALNG? – 80% of US Imports from Trinidad

GTL – Gas to Liquids ¾CVX/SASOIL, Qatar Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

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Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Natural Gas Processing Extraction of “Heavies” from “Wet Gas” Prior to Transport ¾ Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) – condense in pipeline − Gasoline Feedstock

¾ Water – condense in pipeline (ice & hydrates) − Dispose of correctly

¾ Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) – condense in pipeline − Propane & Butane − Bottled Gas, Petrochemical & Refinery Feedstock's

Ethane – Petrochemical Feedstock Methane – sold in BTUs H2S – corrosive yields Sulphur CO2 – corrosive – EOR Miscible floods Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Natural Gas Processes Compression – to pipeline pressure ¾ Condenses NGLs & LPG

Absorption – Contactor “Bubble Tower” ¾ All LPG , some ethane recovered

Cryogenic – “High Pressure Gas Expansion” ¾ Maximum Ethane Recovery

Sweetening “Sour Gases” ¾ removes H2S, CO2

Dehydration – removes water vapour ¾ Glycol or Solid Desiccant

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

LNG - Liquefied Natural Gas Stranded Gas – Economically Viable Transportation Upstream Facilities ¾ Offshore Platforms and Pipelines

Liquefaction Plant – “LNG Train” ¾ -260°F(-160 degC) ¾ Liquid form - 600 times volume reduction

Marine Tankers ¾ Heavily Insulated tankers

Re-gasification Terminals ¾ XOM recently announced in Texas − Qatar & Canada

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

GTL – Gas To Liquids

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

GTL – Gas To Liquids Moneitize Stranded Gas Environmentally cleaner diesel than from oil Moving from $26/28/bbl to $18 -22/bbl to produce Lose approximately 30 percent of energy in conversion process

Courtesy ConocoPhillips Website

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

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Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

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Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

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Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

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Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

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Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved

Basic Petroleum technology 05-01-03 GHR.ppt

© 2003 PetroSkills LLC, All Rights Reserved