Drive Shaft - Wikipedia
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Drive Shaft - Wikipedia as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 2,228
- Pages: 5
Loading documents preview...
2/3/2018
Drive shaft - Wikipedia
Drive sha A drive sha, drivesha, driving sha, propeller sha (prop sha), or Cardan sha is a mechanical component for transmiing torque and rotation, usually used to connect other components of a drive train that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement between them. As torque carriers, drive shas are subject to torsion and shear stress, equivalent to the difference between the input torque and the load. ey must therefore be strong enough to bear the stress, whilst avoiding too much additional weight as that would in turn increase their inertia. To allow for variations in the alignment and distance between the driving and driven components, drive shas frequently incorporate one or more universal joints, jaw couplings, or rag joints, and
Drive shaft with universal joints at each end and a spline in the centre
sometimes a splined joint or prismatic joint.
Contents History Automotive drive shaft Vehicles Front-engine, rear-wheel drive Front-wheel drive Four wheel and all-wheel drive Research and development
Škoda 422 rear axle, suspension and drive shaft on display at the Škoda Museum
Motorcycle drive shafts Marine drive shafts Locomotive drive shafts Drive shafts in bicycles Advantages Disadvantages Drive shaft production See also References
History e term drive sha first appeared during the mid 19th century. In Stover's 1861 patent reissue for a planing and matching machine, the term is used to refer to the belt-driven sha by which the machine is driven.[1] e term is not used in his original patent.[2] Another early use of the term occurs in the 1861 patent reissue for the Watkins and Bryson horse-drawn mowing machine.[3] Here, the term refers to the sha transmiing power from the machine's wheels to the gear train that works the cuing mechanism.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_shaft
1/5
2/3/2018
Drive shaft - Wikipedia
In the 1890s, the term began to be used in a manner closer to the modern sense. In 1891, for example, Bales referred to the sha between the transmission and driving trucks of his Climax locomotive as the drive sha,[4] and Stillman referred to the sha linking the cranksha to the rear axle of his sha-driven bicycle as a drive sha.[5] In 1899, Bukey used the term to describe the sha transmiing power from the wheel to the driven machinery by a universal joint in his Horse-Power.[6] In the same year, Clark described his Marine Velocipede using the term to refer to the gear-driven sha transmiing power through a universal joint to the propeller sha.[7] Crompton used the term to refer to the sha between the transmission of his steampowered Motor Vehicle of 1903 and the driven axle.[8] e pioneering automobile industry company, Autocar, was the first to use a drive sha in a gasoline-powered car. Built in 1901, today this vehicle is in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution.[9]
Automotive drive sha Vehicles An automobile may use a longitudinal sha to deliver power from an engine/transmission to the other end of the vehicle before it goes to the wheels. A pair of short drive shas is commonly used to send power from a central differential, transmission, or transaxle to the wheels.
Front-engine, rear-wheel drive In front-engined, rear-drive vehicles, a longer drive sha is also required to send power the length of the vehicle. Two forms dominate: e torque tube with a single universal joint and the more common Hotchkiss drive with two or more joints. is system became known as Système Panhard aer the automobile company Panhard et Levassor patented it. Most of these vehicles have a clutch and gearbox (or transmission) mounted directly on the engine, with a drive sha leading to a final drive in the rear axle.
A truck two section propeller shaft
When the vehicle is stationary, the drive sha does not rotate. Some vehicles (generally sports cars, most commonly Alfa Romeos or Porsche 924s), seeking improved weight balance between front and rear, use a rear-mounted transaxle. is places the clutch and transmission at the rear of the car and the drive sha between them and the engine. In this case the drive sha rotates continuously with the engine, even when the car is stationary and out of gear. A drive sha connecting a rear differential to a rear wheel may be called a half-sha. e name derives from the fact that two such shas are required to form one rear axle. Early automobiles oen used chain drive or belt drive mechanisms rather than a drive sha. Some used electrical generators and motors to transmit power to the wheels.
Front-wheel drive In British English, the term "drive sha" is restricted to a transverse sha that transmits power to the wheels, especially the front wheels. A drive sha connecting the gearbox to a rear differential is called a propeller sha, or prop-sha. A prop-sha assembly consists of a propeller sha, a slip joint and one or more universal joints. Where the engine and axles are separated from each other, as on four-wheel drive and rear-wheel drive vehicles, it is the propeller sha that serves to transmit the drive force generated by the engine to the axles. Several different types of drive sha are used in the automotive industry: One-piece drive shaft
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_shaft
2/5
2/3/2018
Drive shaft - Wikipedia
Two-piece drive shaft Slip-in-tube drive shaft e slip-in-tube drive sha is a new type that improves crash safety. It can be compressed to absorb energy in the event of a crash, so is also known as a collapsible drive sha.
Four wheel and all-wheel drive ese evolved from the front-engine rear-wheel drive layout. A new form of transmission called the transfer case was placed between transmission and final drives in both axles. is split the drive to the two axles and may also have included reduction gears, a dog clutch or differential. At least two drive shas were used, one from the transfer case to each axle. In some larger vehicles, the transfer box was centrally mounted and was itself driven by a short drive sha. In vehicles the size of a Land Rover, the drive sha to the front axle is noticeably shorter and more steeply articulated than the rear sha, making it a more difficult engineering problem to build a reliable drive sha, and which may involve a more sophisticated form of universal joint. Modern light cars with all-wheel drive (notably Audi or the Fiat Panda) may use a system that more closely resembles a frontwheel drive layout. e transmission and final drive for the front axle are combined into one housing alongside the engine, and a single drive sha runs the length of the car to the rear axle. is is a favoured design where the torque is biased to the front wheels to give car-like handling, or where the maker wishes to produce both four-wheel drive and front-wheel drive cars with many shared components.
Research and development e automotive industry also uses drive shas at testing plants. At an engine test stand a drive sha is used to transfer a certain speed or torque from the internal combustion engine to a dynamometer. A "sha guard" is used at a sha connection to protect against contact with the drive sha and for detection of a sha failure. At a transmission test stand a drive sha connects the prime mover with the transmission.
Motorcycle drive shas Drive shas have been used on motorcycles since before WW1, such as the Belgian FN motorcycle from 1903 and the Stuart Turner Stellar motorcycle of 1912. As an alternative to chain and belt drives, drive shas offer long-lived, clean, and relatively maintenance-free operation. A disadvantage of sha drive on a motorcycle is that helical gearing, spiral bevel gearing or similar is needed to turn the power 90° from the sha to the rear wheel, losing some power in the process. BMW has produced sha drive motorcycles since 1923; and Moto Guzzi have built sha-drive V-twins since the 1960s. e British company, Triumph and the major Japanese brands, Honda, Suzuki, Kawasaki and Yamaha, have produced sha drive motorcycles. Lambrea motorscooters type A up to type LD were sha-driven Prima scooter was also sha-driven [11]
[10]
the NSU
The exposed drive shaft on BMW's first motorcycle, the R32
Motorcycle engines positioned such that the cranksha is longitudinal and parallel to the frame are oen used for sha-driven motorcycles. is requires only one 90° turn in power transmission, rather than two. Bikes from Moto Guzzi and BMW, plus the Triumph Rocket III and Honda ST series all use this engine layout. Motorcycles with sha drive are subject to sha effect where the chassis climbs when power is applied. is effect, which is the opposite of that exhibited by chain-drive motorcycles, is counteracted with systems such as BMW's Paralever, Moto Guzzi's CARC and Kawasaki's Tetra Lever.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_shaft
3/5
2/3/2018
Drive shaft - Wikipedia
Marine drive shas On a power-driven ship, the drive sha, or propeller sha, usually connects the transmission inside the vessel directly to the propeller, passing through a stuffing box or other seal at the point it exits the hull. ere is also a thrust block, a bearing to resist the axial force of the propeller. As the rotating propeller pushes the vessel forward, any length of drive sha between propeller and thrust block is subject to compression, and when going astern to tension. Except for the very smallest of boats, this force isn't taken on the gearbox or engine directly. Cardan shas are also oen used in marine applications between the transmission and either a propeller gearbox or waterjet.
Locomotive drive shas e Shay, Climax and Heisler locomotives, all introduced in the late 19th century, used quill drives to couple power from a centrally mounted multicylinder engine to each of the trucks supporting the engine. On each of these geared steam locomotives, one end of each drive sha was coupled to the driven truck through a universal joint while the other end was powered by the cranksha, transmission or another truck through a second universal joint. A quill drive also has the ability to slide lengthways, effectively varying its length. is is required to allow the bogies to rotate when passing a curve. Cardan shas are used in some diesel locomotives (mainly diesel-hydraulics, such as British Rail Class 52) and some electric locomotives (e.g. British Rail
The rear drive shaft, crankshaft and front drive shaft of a Shay locomotive
Class 91). ey are also widely used in diesel multiple units.
Drive shas in bicycles e drive sha has served as an alternative to a chain-drive in bicycles for the past century, never becoming very popular. A sha-driven bicycle (or "Acatane", from an early maker) has several advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages Drive system is less likely to become jammed The rider cannot become dirtied from chain grease or injured by A shaft-driven bicycle "Chain bite" when clothing or a body part catches between an unguarded chain and a sprocket Lower maintenance than a chain system when the drive shaft is enclosed in a tube More consistent performance. Dynamic Bicycles claims that a drive shaft bicycle can deliver 94% efficiency, whereas a chain-driven bike can deliver anywhere from 75-97% efficiency based on condition Greater ground clearance: lacking a derailleur or other low-hanging machinery, the bicycle has nearly twice the ground clearance
Disadvantages A drive shaft system weighs more than a chain system, usually 0.5–1 kg (1–2 lb) heavier Many of the advantages claimed by drive shaft's proponents can be achieved on a chain-driven bicycle, such as covering the chain and gears Use of lightweight derailleur gears with a high number of ratios is impossible, although hub gears can be used Wheel removal can be complicated in some designs (as it is for some chain-driven bicycles with hub gears).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_shaft
4/5
2/3/2018
Drive shaft - Wikipedia
Drive sha production Nowadays new possibilities exist for the production process of drive shas. e filament winding production process is gaining popularity for the creation of composite drive shas. Several companies in the automotive industry are looking to adopt this knowledge for their high volume production process.
See also Girolamo Cardano Giubo Power take-off Quill drive Shaft alignment Shaft collar
References 1. Henry D. Stover, Improvement in Wood-Planing Machines, U.S. Patent Reissue 1,190 (http://www.google.com/pat ents?id=sUIdAAAAEBAJ), May 21, 1861. 2. Henry D. Stover, Planing Machine, U.S. Patent 30,993 (http://www.google.com/patents?id=zcJpAAAAEBAJ), Dec. 18, 1860, 1861. 3. John DeLancy Watkins and Robert Bryson, Mowing Machines, U.S. Patent Reissue 1,904 (https://books.google.c om/books?id=Yr1AAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT440), July 23, 1861. 4. Rush S. Battles, Locomotive, U.S. Patent 455,154 (http://www.google.com/patents?id=tnJPAAAAEBAJ), June 30, 1891. 5. Walter Stillman, Bicycle, U.S. Patent 456,387 (http://www.google.com/patents?id=XxVSAAAAEBAJ), July 21, 1891. 6. Dudley D. Bukey, Horse-Power, U.S. Patent 631,198 (http://www.google.com/patents?id=xL11AAAAEBAJ), Aug. 15, 1899. 7. Charles Clark, Marine Velocipede, [U.S. Patent 637,547], Nov. 21, 1899. 8. Charles Crompton, Motor-Vehicle U.S. Patent 718,097 (http://www.google.com/patents?id=sJBHAAAAEBAJ), January 1903 9. "America on the Move - Autocar automobile" (http://amhistory.si.edu/onthemove/collection/object_1273.html). Amhistory.si.edu. Retrieved 19 November 2017. 10. "Lambretta Scooters Models" (http://www.lambretta.co.uk/models.html). Cambridge Lambretta Workshop. Retrieved 26 August 2016. 11. "NSU Prima sales brochures" (http://www.nsuprima.com/index2.html). NSU Prima. Retrieved 26 August 2016. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&oldid=821252398" This page was last edited on 19 January 2018, at 09:07. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_shaft
5/5
Drive shaft - Wikipedia
Drive sha A drive sha, drivesha, driving sha, propeller sha (prop sha), or Cardan sha is a mechanical component for transmiing torque and rotation, usually used to connect other components of a drive train that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement between them. As torque carriers, drive shas are subject to torsion and shear stress, equivalent to the difference between the input torque and the load. ey must therefore be strong enough to bear the stress, whilst avoiding too much additional weight as that would in turn increase their inertia. To allow for variations in the alignment and distance between the driving and driven components, drive shas frequently incorporate one or more universal joints, jaw couplings, or rag joints, and
Drive shaft with universal joints at each end and a spline in the centre
sometimes a splined joint or prismatic joint.
Contents History Automotive drive shaft Vehicles Front-engine, rear-wheel drive Front-wheel drive Four wheel and all-wheel drive Research and development
Škoda 422 rear axle, suspension and drive shaft on display at the Škoda Museum
Motorcycle drive shafts Marine drive shafts Locomotive drive shafts Drive shafts in bicycles Advantages Disadvantages Drive shaft production See also References
History e term drive sha first appeared during the mid 19th century. In Stover's 1861 patent reissue for a planing and matching machine, the term is used to refer to the belt-driven sha by which the machine is driven.[1] e term is not used in his original patent.[2] Another early use of the term occurs in the 1861 patent reissue for the Watkins and Bryson horse-drawn mowing machine.[3] Here, the term refers to the sha transmiing power from the machine's wheels to the gear train that works the cuing mechanism.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_shaft
1/5
2/3/2018
Drive shaft - Wikipedia
In the 1890s, the term began to be used in a manner closer to the modern sense. In 1891, for example, Bales referred to the sha between the transmission and driving trucks of his Climax locomotive as the drive sha,[4] and Stillman referred to the sha linking the cranksha to the rear axle of his sha-driven bicycle as a drive sha.[5] In 1899, Bukey used the term to describe the sha transmiing power from the wheel to the driven machinery by a universal joint in his Horse-Power.[6] In the same year, Clark described his Marine Velocipede using the term to refer to the gear-driven sha transmiing power through a universal joint to the propeller sha.[7] Crompton used the term to refer to the sha between the transmission of his steampowered Motor Vehicle of 1903 and the driven axle.[8] e pioneering automobile industry company, Autocar, was the first to use a drive sha in a gasoline-powered car. Built in 1901, today this vehicle is in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution.[9]
Automotive drive sha Vehicles An automobile may use a longitudinal sha to deliver power from an engine/transmission to the other end of the vehicle before it goes to the wheels. A pair of short drive shas is commonly used to send power from a central differential, transmission, or transaxle to the wheels.
Front-engine, rear-wheel drive In front-engined, rear-drive vehicles, a longer drive sha is also required to send power the length of the vehicle. Two forms dominate: e torque tube with a single universal joint and the more common Hotchkiss drive with two or more joints. is system became known as Système Panhard aer the automobile company Panhard et Levassor patented it. Most of these vehicles have a clutch and gearbox (or transmission) mounted directly on the engine, with a drive sha leading to a final drive in the rear axle.
A truck two section propeller shaft
When the vehicle is stationary, the drive sha does not rotate. Some vehicles (generally sports cars, most commonly Alfa Romeos or Porsche 924s), seeking improved weight balance between front and rear, use a rear-mounted transaxle. is places the clutch and transmission at the rear of the car and the drive sha between them and the engine. In this case the drive sha rotates continuously with the engine, even when the car is stationary and out of gear. A drive sha connecting a rear differential to a rear wheel may be called a half-sha. e name derives from the fact that two such shas are required to form one rear axle. Early automobiles oen used chain drive or belt drive mechanisms rather than a drive sha. Some used electrical generators and motors to transmit power to the wheels.
Front-wheel drive In British English, the term "drive sha" is restricted to a transverse sha that transmits power to the wheels, especially the front wheels. A drive sha connecting the gearbox to a rear differential is called a propeller sha, or prop-sha. A prop-sha assembly consists of a propeller sha, a slip joint and one or more universal joints. Where the engine and axles are separated from each other, as on four-wheel drive and rear-wheel drive vehicles, it is the propeller sha that serves to transmit the drive force generated by the engine to the axles. Several different types of drive sha are used in the automotive industry: One-piece drive shaft
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_shaft
2/5
2/3/2018
Drive shaft - Wikipedia
Two-piece drive shaft Slip-in-tube drive shaft e slip-in-tube drive sha is a new type that improves crash safety. It can be compressed to absorb energy in the event of a crash, so is also known as a collapsible drive sha.
Four wheel and all-wheel drive ese evolved from the front-engine rear-wheel drive layout. A new form of transmission called the transfer case was placed between transmission and final drives in both axles. is split the drive to the two axles and may also have included reduction gears, a dog clutch or differential. At least two drive shas were used, one from the transfer case to each axle. In some larger vehicles, the transfer box was centrally mounted and was itself driven by a short drive sha. In vehicles the size of a Land Rover, the drive sha to the front axle is noticeably shorter and more steeply articulated than the rear sha, making it a more difficult engineering problem to build a reliable drive sha, and which may involve a more sophisticated form of universal joint. Modern light cars with all-wheel drive (notably Audi or the Fiat Panda) may use a system that more closely resembles a frontwheel drive layout. e transmission and final drive for the front axle are combined into one housing alongside the engine, and a single drive sha runs the length of the car to the rear axle. is is a favoured design where the torque is biased to the front wheels to give car-like handling, or where the maker wishes to produce both four-wheel drive and front-wheel drive cars with many shared components.
Research and development e automotive industry also uses drive shas at testing plants. At an engine test stand a drive sha is used to transfer a certain speed or torque from the internal combustion engine to a dynamometer. A "sha guard" is used at a sha connection to protect against contact with the drive sha and for detection of a sha failure. At a transmission test stand a drive sha connects the prime mover with the transmission.
Motorcycle drive shas Drive shas have been used on motorcycles since before WW1, such as the Belgian FN motorcycle from 1903 and the Stuart Turner Stellar motorcycle of 1912. As an alternative to chain and belt drives, drive shas offer long-lived, clean, and relatively maintenance-free operation. A disadvantage of sha drive on a motorcycle is that helical gearing, spiral bevel gearing or similar is needed to turn the power 90° from the sha to the rear wheel, losing some power in the process. BMW has produced sha drive motorcycles since 1923; and Moto Guzzi have built sha-drive V-twins since the 1960s. e British company, Triumph and the major Japanese brands, Honda, Suzuki, Kawasaki and Yamaha, have produced sha drive motorcycles. Lambrea motorscooters type A up to type LD were sha-driven Prima scooter was also sha-driven [11]
[10]
the NSU
The exposed drive shaft on BMW's first motorcycle, the R32
Motorcycle engines positioned such that the cranksha is longitudinal and parallel to the frame are oen used for sha-driven motorcycles. is requires only one 90° turn in power transmission, rather than two. Bikes from Moto Guzzi and BMW, plus the Triumph Rocket III and Honda ST series all use this engine layout. Motorcycles with sha drive are subject to sha effect where the chassis climbs when power is applied. is effect, which is the opposite of that exhibited by chain-drive motorcycles, is counteracted with systems such as BMW's Paralever, Moto Guzzi's CARC and Kawasaki's Tetra Lever.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_shaft
3/5
2/3/2018
Drive shaft - Wikipedia
Marine drive shas On a power-driven ship, the drive sha, or propeller sha, usually connects the transmission inside the vessel directly to the propeller, passing through a stuffing box or other seal at the point it exits the hull. ere is also a thrust block, a bearing to resist the axial force of the propeller. As the rotating propeller pushes the vessel forward, any length of drive sha between propeller and thrust block is subject to compression, and when going astern to tension. Except for the very smallest of boats, this force isn't taken on the gearbox or engine directly. Cardan shas are also oen used in marine applications between the transmission and either a propeller gearbox or waterjet.
Locomotive drive shas e Shay, Climax and Heisler locomotives, all introduced in the late 19th century, used quill drives to couple power from a centrally mounted multicylinder engine to each of the trucks supporting the engine. On each of these geared steam locomotives, one end of each drive sha was coupled to the driven truck through a universal joint while the other end was powered by the cranksha, transmission or another truck through a second universal joint. A quill drive also has the ability to slide lengthways, effectively varying its length. is is required to allow the bogies to rotate when passing a curve. Cardan shas are used in some diesel locomotives (mainly diesel-hydraulics, such as British Rail Class 52) and some electric locomotives (e.g. British Rail
The rear drive shaft, crankshaft and front drive shaft of a Shay locomotive
Class 91). ey are also widely used in diesel multiple units.
Drive shas in bicycles e drive sha has served as an alternative to a chain-drive in bicycles for the past century, never becoming very popular. A sha-driven bicycle (or "Acatane", from an early maker) has several advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages Drive system is less likely to become jammed The rider cannot become dirtied from chain grease or injured by A shaft-driven bicycle "Chain bite" when clothing or a body part catches between an unguarded chain and a sprocket Lower maintenance than a chain system when the drive shaft is enclosed in a tube More consistent performance. Dynamic Bicycles claims that a drive shaft bicycle can deliver 94% efficiency, whereas a chain-driven bike can deliver anywhere from 75-97% efficiency based on condition Greater ground clearance: lacking a derailleur or other low-hanging machinery, the bicycle has nearly twice the ground clearance
Disadvantages A drive shaft system weighs more than a chain system, usually 0.5–1 kg (1–2 lb) heavier Many of the advantages claimed by drive shaft's proponents can be achieved on a chain-driven bicycle, such as covering the chain and gears Use of lightweight derailleur gears with a high number of ratios is impossible, although hub gears can be used Wheel removal can be complicated in some designs (as it is for some chain-driven bicycles with hub gears).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_shaft
4/5
2/3/2018
Drive shaft - Wikipedia
Drive sha production Nowadays new possibilities exist for the production process of drive shas. e filament winding production process is gaining popularity for the creation of composite drive shas. Several companies in the automotive industry are looking to adopt this knowledge for their high volume production process.
See also Girolamo Cardano Giubo Power take-off Quill drive Shaft alignment Shaft collar
References 1. Henry D. Stover, Improvement in Wood-Planing Machines, U.S. Patent Reissue 1,190 (http://www.google.com/pat ents?id=sUIdAAAAEBAJ), May 21, 1861. 2. Henry D. Stover, Planing Machine, U.S. Patent 30,993 (http://www.google.com/patents?id=zcJpAAAAEBAJ), Dec. 18, 1860, 1861. 3. John DeLancy Watkins and Robert Bryson, Mowing Machines, U.S. Patent Reissue 1,904 (https://books.google.c om/books?id=Yr1AAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT440), July 23, 1861. 4. Rush S. Battles, Locomotive, U.S. Patent 455,154 (http://www.google.com/patents?id=tnJPAAAAEBAJ), June 30, 1891. 5. Walter Stillman, Bicycle, U.S. Patent 456,387 (http://www.google.com/patents?id=XxVSAAAAEBAJ), July 21, 1891. 6. Dudley D. Bukey, Horse-Power, U.S. Patent 631,198 (http://www.google.com/patents?id=xL11AAAAEBAJ), Aug. 15, 1899. 7. Charles Clark, Marine Velocipede, [U.S. Patent 637,547], Nov. 21, 1899. 8. Charles Crompton, Motor-Vehicle U.S. Patent 718,097 (http://www.google.com/patents?id=sJBHAAAAEBAJ), January 1903 9. "America on the Move - Autocar automobile" (http://amhistory.si.edu/onthemove/collection/object_1273.html). Amhistory.si.edu. Retrieved 19 November 2017. 10. "Lambretta Scooters Models" (http://www.lambretta.co.uk/models.html). Cambridge Lambretta Workshop. Retrieved 26 August 2016. 11. "NSU Prima sales brochures" (http://www.nsuprima.com/index2.html). NSU Prima. Retrieved 26 August 2016. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&oldid=821252398" This page was last edited on 19 January 2018, at 09:07. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_shaft
5/5
Related Documents
Drive Shaft - Wikipedia
March 2021 0
One Drive
January 2021 2
Google Drive
January 2021 1
4. Shaft Sinking
February 2021 0
Rotalign Ultra Shaft Handbook
February 2021 2
Crane Drive Basics R0101
March 2021 0More Documents from "Sisitha"
Drive Shaft - Wikipedia
March 2021 0
38141-1-g40
January 2021 0
Iso 27001 Internal Audit Checklist
March 2021 0
