Drug Education And Vice Control

DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

By: ELLE JUSTICE

TERMS AND DRUG ABUSE JARGONS

ADMINISTER the act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person with or without his knowledge.

CHEMICAL  it is any substance taken

into the body that alters the way and the mind and the bodywork.

CHEMICAL ABUSE  it is an instance when the

use of chemical has produced negative or harmful consequences.

CENTERS

any of the treatment and rehabilitation centers for drug dependants referred to under Section 34, Article VIII of Republic Act 9165. (Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002)

CHEMICAL DIVERSION the sale, distribution, supply or transport of legitimately imported, in-transit, manufactured or procured controlled precursors and essential chemicals, in diluted, mixtures or in concentrated form, to any person or entity engaged in the manufacture of any dangerous drug, and shall include packaging, repackaging, labeling, relabeling or concealment of such transaction through fraud, destruction of documents, fraudulent use permits, misdeclaration, use of front companies or mail fraud.

CLANDESTINE LABORATORY  any facility used for the

illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical.

CONFIRMATORY TEST an analytical test using a device, tool or equipment with a different chemical or physical principle that is more specific which will validate and confirm the result of the screening test.

CONTROLLED DELIVERY the investigative technique of allowing an unlawful or suspect consignment of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical, equipment or paraphernalia, or property believed to be derived directly or indirectly from any offense, to pass into, through or out of the country under the supervision of an authorized officer, with a view to gathering evidence to identify any person involved in any dangerous drugs related offense, or to facilitate prosecution of that offense.

CULTIVATE OR CULTURE any act of knowingly planting, growing, raising, or permitting the planting, growing or raising of any plant which is the source of a dangerous drug.

DANGEROUS DRUGS include those listed in the Schedule annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

DELIVER any act knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally or otherwise and by any means, with or without consideration.

DEN, DIVE, RESORT

DISPENSE any act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any dangerous drug with or without the use of prescription.

DRUG traditionally, drugs are synthetic chemicals used as medicine or in the making of medicines, which affects the body and mind and have potential for abuse. Drug in its criminological meaning refers to substances, other that food and water that is intended to be taken or administered for the purpose of altering, sustaining or controlling recipient’s physical, mental or emotional state.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DRUG ABUSE AND DRUG ADDICTION IF THERE IS?

DRUG ABUSE it is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of any drug.

DRUG ADDICTION it refers to the state of periodic or chronic intoxication produced by the repeated consumption of a drug.

DRUG EXPERIMENTER one who illegal, wrongfully, or improperly uses any narcotic substances for reasons of curiosity, peer pressure, or other similar reasons.

DRUG SYNDICATE any organized group of two (2) or more persons forming or joining together with the intention of committing any offense prescribed under Republic Act 9165.

FINANCIER any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for, underwrites any illegal activities prescribed under Republic Act 9165.

ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING the illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale, trading, transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and possession of any drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical.

INSTRUMENT anything that is used in or intended to be used in any manner in the commission of illegal drug trafficking or related offenses.

MARIJUANA (Cannabis) or “Indian Hemp” or by its any other name. Embraces every kind, class, genus, or specie of the plant Cannabis Sativa L, hashish, bhang, gauza, churrus and ganjab and embraces every kind, class, character of marijuana, whether dried or fresh and flowering, flowering or fruiting tops, or any part or portion of the plant and seeds thereof, and all its geographic varieties, whether as a reefer, resin, extract, tincture or in any form whatsoever.

(MDMA)

METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE

– known as “Ecstasy”, or by its any other name. Also, refers to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives in any form.

METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE commonly known as “Shabu”, “Ice”, “Meth”, or by its any other name. Also refers to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives in any form.

NARCOTIC DRUG refers to illegally used drugs or dangerous drugs which are either prohibited or regulated drugs. It also refers to drugs that produces sleep or stupor and relieves pain due to its depressant effect on the CNS. The term comes from the Greek word “narcotikos”. It is sometimes known as "opiates”

PLANTING OF EVIDENCE the willful act by any person of maliciously and surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding or attaching directly or indirectly, though any overt and covert act, whatever quantity of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in the person, house, effects or on the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose of implicating, incriminating or imputing the commission of any violation of Republic Act 9165.

OPIUM refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.) and embraces every kind, class and character of opium, whether crude or prepared; the ashes or refuse of the same, narcotic preparations thereof or there from; morphine or any alkaloid of opium enters as an ingredient; opium poppy; opium poppy straw; and leaves or wrappings of opium leaves, whether prepared for use or not.

OPIUM POPPY refers to any part of the plant of the species Papaver Somniferum L., Papaver setigerum DC, Papaver orientale, Papaver bracteatum and Papaver rhoeas, which includes the seeds, straws, branches, leaves or any part thereof, or substances derived thereof, even for floral, decorative and culinary purposes.

PROTECTOR/CODDLER any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided for in this Act uses his/her influence, power or position in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of any person he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has violated the provision of Republic Act 9165 in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and conviction of the violator.

PUSHER any person, who sells, trades, administer, dispenses, delivers or gives away to another, on any terms whatsoever, distributes, dispatches in transit or transport dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any of such transactions, in violation of Republic Act 9165.

PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE an adaptive state caused by repeated drug use that reveals itself by development of intense physical symptoms when the drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE an attachment to drug use which arises from a drug ability to satisfy some emotional or personality needs of an individual.

SCREENING TEST – a rapid test performed to establish potential/presumptive positive result.

SELL any act of giving away any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical whether for money or any other consideration.

TRADING transactions involving the illegal trafficking of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursor and essential chemicals using electronic devices such as, but not limited to, text messages, email, mobile or landlines, two-way radios, internet, instant messengers and chat rooms or acting as a broker in any of such transactions whether for money or any other consideration in violation of Republic Act 9165.

TOLERANCE it is the tendency to increase dosage of drugs to maintain the same effect in the body.

TREATMENT a medical service rendered to a client for the effective management of his total condition related to drug abuse. It deals with physiological and psychosocial complications arising from drug abuse.

USE any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, of consuming, either by chewing, smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, drinking, or otherwise introducing into the physiological system of the body, and of the dangerous drugs.

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Jargons, in the context of this study, are slang terms used by drug users in order to hide the meaning of their words, language or conversation against law enforcement authorities or from other people. There are so many Jargons used by drug abusers, depending on the kind of group they belong (e.g. gang, country state, or race), but the following are some of the common drug abuse Jargons (extracted from www. Noslang.com – a slang drug dictionary): Abandominiums – Abandoned row houses where drugs are used

Amp Joint – Marijuana cigarette laced with some form of narcotic.

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Are you anywhere? – do you use marijuana? Around the turn – having gone through withdrawal period Artillery – equipment for injecting drugs B-40 – cigar laced with marijuana and dipped in malt liquor

Babe – drug used for detoxification Babysit – guide someone through first drug experience Back jack – injecting opium; to inject a drug

Backtrack- allow blood to flow back into a needle during injection Backup – to prepare a vein for injection Bad go – bad reaction to a drug

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Bad seed – marijuana combined with peyote; heroin Bag bride – crack smoking prostitute Bag man – person who transports money; a person who supplies narcotics or other

Balloon – heroin supplier; a penny balloon that contains narcotics Bammies – a poor quality of marijuana Bang – inhalants; to inject a drug Banging – under the influence of drugs Base crazies – searching for hands and knees for cocaine or crack Batted out – apprehended by law

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Beat artist – person selling bogus drugs Belted – under the influence of a drug Bit one’s lips – to smoke marijuana Black hole – the depressant high associated with ketamine Black mo/ black moat – highly potent marijuana

Blasted – under the influence of drugs Blaxing – smoking marijuana Blizzard – a white cloud in a pipe used to smoke cocaine

Blow a fix/blow a shot – injection misses the vein and is wasted in the skin Blow coke – to inhale cocaine Bong – pipe used to smoke marijuana

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Break night – staying up all night on a cocaine binge until daybreak

Bridge or bring up – ready a vein for injection Buffer – a woman who performs oral sex in exchange for crack; crack smoker Bummer trip – unsetting and threatening experience from PCP intoxication Burn the main line – to inject a drug Burned out – collapse of veins from repeated injections; impairment from drug abuse

Buzz – under the influence of drugs Cafeteria use – use of various drugs simultaneously, sedatives or hypnotics

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Candy river – young people who attend raves who wear candy jewelry Candy sticks – marijuana cigarettes laced with powdered cocaine Chalking – chemically altering the color of cocaine it looks white Champagne – combination of cocaine and marijuana Channel – vein into which a drug is injected Channel swimmer – one who injects heroin Chicken scratch – searching on hands and knees for crack and cocaine

Chiefing – to smoke marijuana

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Chillum – an object used to smoke opium, hashish, and marijuana China cat – high potency heroin Chipping – using drugs occasionally Chocolate chip cookies – MDMA combined with heroin or methadone Chucks – hunger following withdrawal from heroin Clocking paper – profits from selling drugs Closet paper user of crack who prefers anonymity

Coco rocks – dark brown crack made by adding chocolate pudding during production

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Cocoa puff - to smoke cocaine and marijuana Cold turkey – sudden withdrawal from drugs Come home – end a trip from “LSD” Cooker – to inject a drug; person who manufactures methamphetamine

Cut-deck – heroin mixed with powdered milk Diamond folds – folded paper used to package drugs Dime’s worth – amount of heroin to cause death

Dinosaurs – populations of heroin users in their forties and fifties Domestic – locally grown marijuana Dropping – wrapping methamphetamine in bread and then consuming it

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Drought - decrease in drug availability due to large law enforcement busts Dump – to vomit after taking drugs Easy score – obtaining drugs without difficulties Emergency gun – instrument used to inject other than a syringe Factory – place where drugs are packaged, diluted or manufactured Flame cooking – smoking cocaine base by putting the pipe over a stove flame

Flying – under the influence of drugs Fry daddy – cigarette laced with crack; marijuana joint laced with crack

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Fry sticks – marijuana cigarettes dipped in embalming fluid or sometimes PCP Fuel – marijuana mixed with insecticides; PCP Garbage – inferior quality of marijuana; low quality of heroin Get a gift – obtain drugs Ghost busting - smoking cocaine Give wings – inject someone or teach someone to inject heroin Graduate – completely stop using drugs; progress to stronger drugs Greek – combination of marijuana and powder cocaine

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Ground control – to guide or taker during a hallucinogenic experience

Gun – to inject a drug; needle; hypodermic needle Gutter - vein into which drug is injected Hand-to-hand – direct deliver and payment

Head shop – store specializing in the sale of drug paraphernalia Headies – high quality marijuana Heat – the police or narcotics officers

Hit house – house where users go to shoot up and leave the owner drugs as payment Hit the hay – to smoke marijuana

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Hitters – people who inject others who have hard to find veins in exchange for drugs Honeymoon – early stages of drug use before addiction or dependency develops Hopped up – under the influence of drugs Hot box – smoking in a car with the windows up Hot heroin - heroin poisoned to give to a police informant Jolly pop – casual user of heroin Jolt – strong reaction to drugs; to inject a drug Juggle – sell drugs to another addict to support a habit

Juggler – teenage street dealer Laugh and scratch – to inject a drug

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Liquid lady – cocaine that is dissolved in water and ingested as a nasal spray Mainliner – person who injects the vein Make up – need to find more drugs Meth monster – one who has a violent reaction to methamphetamine Mighty white - a form of crack cocaine that is hard white, and pure Mix – a term used to refer to cocaine or a drug environment Mortal combat – high potency heroin Mouth worker – one who takes drugs orally On a mission – searching for crack and/or being high on crack

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS

On a trip – under the influence of drug

One-stop shop – place where more than one drug is sold Paper bag – container for drugs Paper chaser – drug dealer trying to come up

Pharming - consuming a mixture of prescription substances Piggybacking – simultaneous injection of 2 drugs Pikachu – pills containing PCP and ecstasy

Poor man’s coke – methamphetamine Premos – marijuana joints laced with crack cocaine Prescription – marijuana cigarette

Puff the dragon – to smoke marijuana

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Rave – all night dance parties designed to enhance a hallucinogenic experience Riding the wave – under the influence of drugs Roach clip – holds partially smoked marijuana cigarette

Rock star – female who trades sex for crack or money buy crack Rompums – marijuana with horse tranquilizers Runners – people who sell drugs for others

Seconds – second inhalation of crack from a pipe Set – place where drugs are sold Sextasy – ecstasy used with Viagra

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Shoppers – individuals who buy drugs for others Shot down – under the influence of drugs

Skin popping – injecting drugs under the skin; to inject drugs on any part of the body Without snot – residue produced from smoking amphetamine Snot balls – rubber cement rolled into balls, burned and the fumes are inhaled

Space ship – glass pipe used to smoke crack Speed freak – habitual user of methamphetamine Spliff – tobacco mixed with marijuana

Sprung – person just starting to use drugs

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Stoned – under the influence of drugs Super x – combination of methamphetamine and MDMA Swishers – cigars in which tobacco is replaced with marijuana

Tea party – to smoke marijuana Five way – heroin + cocaine + methamphetamine + rohypnol (flunitrazepam) + alcohol Tie – to inject a drug

Toke up – to smoke marijuana Tools – equipment used for injecting drugs Totally spent – hangover feeling that is an adverse effect of MDMA

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Tracks – row of needle marks on a person Turned on – introduced to drugs; under the influence Tweaking – drug-induced paranoia; desperately searching for crack Twists – small plastic bags of heroin secured with a twist tie Up against the stem – addicted to smoking marijuana Watercolors – lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) White Cloud – smoke that collects in bottom of crack pipe; crack smoke Wigging – odd behavior resulting from the use of mind-altering drugs

DRUG ABUSE JARGONS Wollie – rocks of crack rolled into a marijuana cigarette or in a cigar

Works – equipment for injecting drugs Yen sleep – restless, drowsy state after LSD use Zay – a mixture of marijuana and other substances within a cigar; blunts

Zonked – extremely high on drugs Zoomer – individual who sells fake crack and then flees

NATURE AND PSYCHOLOGY OF DRUGS

Lesson two

Hundreds of pure chemicals have been developed from plants and put into pills, capsules and liquid medicines. There are two forms of drugs : 1. natural, 2. synthetic/artificial.

PRESCRIPTIVE DRUGS These are drugs requiring written authorization from a doctor to allow a purchase.

℞ is a symbol meaning "prescription". It is sometimes transliterated as "Rx" or just "Rx". This symbol originated in medieval manuscripts as an abbreviation of the Late Latin verb recipe, the imperative form of recipere, "to take" or "take thus".

OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS The OTC drugs are nonprescription medicines purchased from any pharmacy or drug store.

WHAT IS SELF-MEDICATION SYNDROME? Users of drugs whose sources of information are people or literature other than doctors, pharmacists and health workers.

OTHER POPULAR DRUGS AND THEIR STREET NAMES Drug Items

Street Names

Alprazolam (Xanax)

Sticks, bars, handlebars, stikalix, Z-bars, School bus, Yellow boys, white boys, footballs, bicycle parts.

Cocaine

Blow, C, candy, coke, freeze, girl, happy dust, Mama Coca, mojo, monster, nose, shot, smoking gun, snow, sugar, sweet stuff,, and white powder.

OTH ER POPULAR DRUGS AND THEIR STREET NAMES Drug Items

Street Names

Crack Cocaine

Base, beat, blast, Casper, chalk, devil drug, gravel, hardball, hell, kryptonite, love, moon rocks, rock, scrabble, stones and tornado.

Depressants

Backwards, blue heavens, downie, drowsy high, green dragons, idiot pills, joy juice, M&M, no worries, peanut, raibows, red bullets, stoppers, stumbler, tooles and yellow

OTH ER POPULAR DRUGS AND THEIR STREET NAMES Drug Items

Diazepam (Valium)

Fentanyl

Street Names Ardins, candy, downers, french blues, sleeping pills, tranks, vallies, and wiltshire blues.

Apache, China Girl, China town, dance fever, friend, good fellas, great bear, he-man, jackpot, king ivory,murder 68, poison, tango and cash and TNT

OTH ER POPULAR DRUGS AND THEIR STREET NAMES Drug Items

Heroin

Hydromorphone

(Dilaudid)

Street Names Aunt, Hazel, big H, black pearl, brown sugar, capital H, charley, china white, dope, good horse, H, hard stuff, hero, heroina, little boy, mud, perfect high, smack, stuff, tar

Drug store heroin, dillies, little d, lords, big d, d’s, delats, delaud, delantz, delida, dust, juice, smack, D, footballs

OTH ER POPULAR DRUGS AND THEIR STREET NAMES Drug Items

Inhalants

Ketamine

Street Names Air Blast, bolt, boppers, bullet bolt, climax, discorama, hardware, heart-on, highball, honey oil, huff, laughing gas, medusa, moon gas, Satan's secret, thrust and white out

Bump, cat killer, cat valium, fort dodge, green, honey oil, jet, K, ket, kit kat, psychedelic heroin, purple, special “K”, Special la coke, super acid, super C and vitamin K.

OTH ER POPULAR DRUGS AND THEIR STREET NAMES Drug Items Marijuana

Street Names 420, Aunt Mary, baby, bobby, boom, chira, chronic, dicth, ganja, grass, greens, hash, herb, Mary Jane, nigra, pot, reefer, rip, root, skunk, stack, torch, weed and zambi.

MDMA Adam, bean, blue kisses, clarity, club drug, disco (Methylenediox biscuits, E, ecstasy, hug drug, love drug, lover’s speed, Mercedes, New Yorkers, peace, roll, ymethampheta white dove, X and XTC mine)

OTH ER POPULAR DRUGS AND THEIR STREET NAMES Drug Items

Street Names

Mescaline

Beans, buttons, cactus, cactus buttons, cactus head, chief, love trip, mesc, moon, peyote and topi

Methamphetamine

Bennies, blue devils, chalk, CR, crank, crystal, crystal meth, fast, granulated orange, ice meth, Mexican crack, pink, rock, speckled birds, speed, tina and yellow powder

OTH ER POPULAR DRUGS AND THEIR STREET NAMES Drug Items Opium

Oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet, Endocet)

Street Names Ah-pen-yen, aunti, bog O, black stuff, Chinese tobacco, chocolate dopium, dover’s deck, dream gun, hard stuff, hocus, joy plant, O, ope, pin yen, toxy and zero.

Oxy, Ocs, ox, (a 40-milligram tablet), 80 (an 80-milligram tablet), Blue, Hillibilly heroin, Kicker, Oxycotton.

OTH ER POPULAR DRUGS AND THEIR STREET NAMES Drug Items PCP (Phencyclidine)

Psilocybin/ Psilocin

Street Names Angel dust, belladonna, black whack, CJ, cliffhanger, crystal joint, Detroit pink, elephant tranquilizer, hog, magic, Peter Pan, sheets, soma, TAC, trank, white horizon and zoom

Boomers, god’s flesh, little smoke, magic mushroom, Mexican mushrooms, mushrooms, musk, sherm, shrooms, silly putty and simple simon.

OTH ER POPULAR DRUGS AND THEIR STREET NAMES Drug Items

Street Names

Retalin

Crackers, one and ones, pharming, poor man’s heroin, R-ball, ritz an ts, set, skippy, speedball, ts and ritz, ts and rs, vitamin R and west coast.

Steroids

Abolic, anadrol, arnolds, bolasterone, dihydrolone, equipose, gym candy, juice, methyl testosterone, proviron, pumpers, stackers, therobolin, weight trainers and winstrol V.

DRUG/ALCOHOL ABUSE JARGONS IN THE PHILIPPINES Amats – describing someone high on drugs or alcohol

Alak – any of the variety groups of alcohol Bangag – high on drugs or alcohol, intoxicated Bato, Batak, Shabu, Shab – methamphetamine Hydrocloride

Big S, Sharon, Booger - Methamphetamine Hydrocloride Tawas, Poor man’s cocaine - methamphetamine Hydrocloride MJ, Mary Jane, Chongki – Marijuana/India Hemp Baguio Gold, Damo, Ruot – Marijuana/Indian Hemp Singhot, Kapote – Solvent or Volatile Substance Coke, Cola, Cookies - Cocaine Lakas tama – description of a hit; kick effect of drug or alcohol

DRUG/ALCOHOL ABUSE JARGONS IN THE PHILIPPINES Mr. E , Xtasy, e_drug – MDMA (Methelynedioxyamphetamine) Capt. Kirit , Super E, Lovebug – Methelynedioxyamphetamine Mandrax – Methaqualone Double Lion - Heroin

Red Chicken – Chinese Heroin Double Trouble, Rainbow – barbiturates Busted – arrested due to drugs

Totinkats – refers to a prostitute involved in drug dealing Toma , Banat, Tirada, Laklak – act of drinking alcohol; drug use K, Mr. K, 3k - ketamine

DRUG/ALCOHOL ABUSE JARGONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Kabayo, Richie Horsie – heroin Kalamay, Panocha – opium or other opium preparation

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF DRUGS

HOW DRUGS WORK? Minimal dose

Maximal dose

The amount needed to treat or heal, that is, the smallest amount of a drug that will produce a therapeutic effect.

The largest amount of a drug that will produce a desired therapeutic effect, without any accompanying symptoms of toxicity.

Toxic dose

Abusive dose

The amount of drug that produces untoward effects or symptoms of poisoning.

The amount needed to produce the side effects and action desired by an individual who improperly uses it.

Lethal dose The amount of drug that will cause death

HOW IS DRUG ADMINISTERED

ORAL this is the safest most convenient and economical route whenever possible. There are however, drugs, which cannot be administered this way because the digestive juices readily destroy them or because they irritate the mucous lining of the gastro-intestinal tract and induce vomiting.

INJECTION this form of drug administration offers a faster response than the oral method. It makes use of a needle or other device to deliver the drugs directly into the body tissue and blood circulation.

INHALATION this route makes use of gaseous and volatile drugs, which are inhaled and absorbed rapidly through the mucous of the respiratory tract.

TOPICAL this refers to the application of drugs directly to a body site such as the skin and the mucous membrane.

IONTOPHORESIS the introduction of drugs into deeper layers of the skin by the use of special type of electric current for local effect.

CONCEPT OF TOXICOLOGY

Toxicology is commonly known as the science of poisons, their effects and antidotes. In connection, drugs may cause dangerous effects because of any of the following:

OVERDOSE when too much of a drug is taken into the physiological system of the human body, there may be an over extensions of its effects.

ALLERGY some drugs cause the release of histamine giving rise to allergic symptoms such as dermatitis, swelling, fall in blood pressure, suffocation and death.

IDIOSYNCRASY it refers to the individual reaction to a drug, food, etc. for unexplained reasons. Morphine for example, which sedates all men, stimulates and renders some women maniacal behaviors.

POISONOUS PROPERTY drugs are chemicals and some of them have the property of being general protoplasmic poisons.

SIDE EFFECTS some drugs are not receptors for one organ but receptors of other organs as well. The effect in the other organs may constitute a side effect, which are most of the time unwanted.

SOME MEDICAL USES OF DRUGS The following are some of the many medical uses of drugs: Analgesics – are drugs that relieve pain Antibiotics – are drugs that combat or control infectious organism Antipyretics – those that can lower body temperature or fever due to infection

Antihistamines – those that control or combat allergic reactions Contraceptives – drugs that prevent the meeting of the egg cell and sperm cell or prevent the ovary from releasing egg cells Decongestants – those that relieve congestion of the nasal passages Expectorants – those that can ease the expulsion of mucus and phlegm from the lungs and the throat. Laxatives – those that stimulate defecation and encourage bowel movement Sedatives and Tranquilizers – are those that can calm and quite the nerves and relieve anxiety without causing depression and clouding of the mind Vitamins - those substances necessary for normal growth and development and proper functioning of the body.

THE HISTORY OF DRUG ABUSE

WHO IS GOD OF DREAMS? MORPHEUS

Morphine

had been isolated from opium in 1805 by the German pharmacist, F. W. Serturner – the

first to discover the derivatives of opium which is morphine, but production of the powerful active ingredient of opium on a large scale was delayed until the 1830s.

CAUSE OF OPIUM WAR (P. 37, The attempt to stop drug addiction in china, the emperor prohibited smoking of opium.

TH 4

PARAGRAPH)

HEROIN IS ALSO KNOWN AS? Diacetylmorphine – it was first manufactured in 1898 by the Bayer pharmaceutical company of Germany and marketed as a treatment for tuberculosis as well as a remedy for morphine addiction.

5000 B.C The sumerians started to use opium, opium plant as then called HUL GIL “plant of joy”.

CHINA

Monopolized the trade of opium

THE DANGEROUS DRUGS

Page 104

R. A 9165 Comprehensive dangerous drug law of the Philippines

GENERAL DRUG CLASSIFICATION

A. ACCORDING TO EFFECTS Depressants down brain

(slows activity)

Sometimes called “downers,” these drugs come in multicolored tablets and capsules or in liquid form. Ex. Sleeping pills

Stimulants sometimes called “uppers,” temporarily increase alertness and energy. The most commonly used street drugs that fall into this category are cocaine and amphetamines.

HALLUCINOGENS The 'hallucinations' which are caused by some of these kinds of drugs may make you see, hear, smell, taste or feel things that are not real. Ex. PCP (Phencyclidine)

B. ACCORDING TO MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY

 Depressants  Narcotics

 Tranquilizers  Stimulants  Hallucinogens

 Solvents/ inhalants

C. ACCORDING TO LEGAL CATEGORIES 1. Prohibited Drugs A. Narcotics B. Stimulants C. Hallucinogens

2. Regulated Drugs A. Barbiturates B, Hypnotics C. Amphetamines

3. Volatile Substances

In accordance to r. a 6425

CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS

According to effects

1. NARCOTICS Drugs which relieve pain and produce profound sleep when introduced in the body.

2. OPIUM Derived from poppy plant, Papaver somniferum popularly known as “gum”, “gamot”, “kalamay”, or “panocha”.

3. MORPHINE Most commonly used and best used opiate, an analgesic and narcotic drug obtained from opium and used medicinally to relieve pain

4. HEROIN Five times more powerful than morphine from which it is derived and the most addicting opium derivative.

CODEINE a sleep-inducing and analgesic drug derived from morphine, used to treat mild to moderately severe pain. codeine breaks down rapidly in the liver and reaches higher than normal levels in the body. This can cause dangerously slow breathing and may cause death, especially in a child.

PAREGORIC Paregoric is an opiate. It works by decreasing intestinal muscle contractions, which helps to reduce diarrhoea. Possible side effects: Constipation; dizziness; drowsiness; light-headedness; nausea; vomiting.

DEMEROL Demerol is used to treat moderate-to-severe pain. Side effects: slow breathing and heart rate, severe drowsiness, muscle weakness, cold and clammy skin, pinpoint pupils, and fainting.

METHADONE a synthetic analgesic drug that is similar to morphine in its effects but longer acting, used as a substitute drug in the treatment of morphine and heroin addiction.

BARBITURATES Barbiturates are used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and seizure disorders. Some of many effects: Strained interpersonal relationships Changes in alertness Decreased functioning Irritability

Memory loss Liver damage, heart damage

SECONAL

Treating sleep disorders. It may also be used as a sedative prior to anaesthesia for surgery. Seconal is a barbiturate. It works by depressing the central nervous system, causing mild sedation or sleep, depending on the dose. Seconal is one of the most deadly drugs you can abuse because it has a low therapeutic to lethal ratio. In other words, if you increase the amount you take by just a little (even an amount equivalent to a few grains of salt), your dose can become deadly. Seconal showed up in the autopsies of many celebrities who died of accidental drug overdoses such as Judy Garland, Jimi Hendrix, and Marilyn Monroe.

TRANQUILIZERS are a class of drugs that are capable of inducing a state of relaxation, or creating the feel of “tranquillity”. Tranquilizers are typically used to help calm individuals who have severe mental health issues or who are prone to high anxiety levels. Other uses for tranquilizers include preparation for surgery, to induce sleep, or to alleviate withdrawal symptoms for people who are undergoing medical detoxification from alcoholism. Tranquilizers function in the body by depressing the central nervous system, inducing a sedation-like state. Effects: can cause blurred vision, weakness and coma, when the dosages get high. Abuse in a young person may be detected by noting marked changes in their moods and deterioration of school performance. An adult may experience problems on the job that they may try to conceal.

VOLATILE SOLVENTS These are common household products with volatile vapors or gases are taken in via the nose and trachea. The effects of solvent intoxication can vary widely depending on the dose and what type of solvent or gas is inhaled. A person who has inhaled a small amount of rubber cement or paint thinner vapor may be impaired in a manner resembling alcohol inebriation. A person who has inhaled a larger quantity of solvents or gases, or a stronger chemical, may experience stronger effects such as distortion in perceptions of time and space, hallucinations, and emotional disturbances. Very long term, heavy use of solvents can damage the brain, kidneys and liver but this is very rare and more likely in industrial work where people work everyday in environments where solvents are used.

ALCOHOL Alcohol is a drug.

It is classed as a depressant, meaning that it slows down vital functions—resulting in slurred speech, unsteady movement, disturbed perceptions and an inability to react quickly. As for how it affects the mind, it is best understood as a drug that reduces a person’s ability to think rationally and distorts his or her judgment.

Although classified as a depressant, the amount of alcohol consumed determines the type of effect. Most people drink for the stimulant effect, such as a beer or glass of wine taken to “loosen up.” But if a person consumes more than the body can handle, they then experience alcohol’s depressant effect. They start to feel “stupid” or lose coordination and control.

Alcohol overdose causes even more severe depressant effects (inability to feel pain, toxicity where the body vomits the poison, and finally unconsciousness or, worse, coma or death from severe toxic overdose). These reactions depend on how much is consumed and how quickly. There are different kinds of alcohol. Ethyl alcohol (ethanol), the only alcohol used in beverages, is produced by the fermentation of grains and fruits.

THE USUAL ALCOHOL CONTENT FOR EACH IS: Beer 2–6% alcohol Cider 4–8% alcohol

Wine 8–20% alcohol Tequila 40% alcohol Rum 40% or more alcohol

Brandy 40% or more alcohol Gin 40–47% alcohol Whiskey 40–50% alcohol Vodka 40–50% alcohol Liqueurs 15–60% alcohol

THE STIMULANTS (UPPERS)

1. AMPHETAMINES is a stimulant and an appetite suppressant. It stimulates the central nervous system (nerves and brain) by increasing the amount of certain chemicals in the body. This increases heart rate and blood pressure and decreases appetite, among other effects.. The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage of Amphetamine include Seizures, Confusion, Hallucinations, Tremor, Restlessness, Agressive behavior, Irregularities in heart rhythm, Rapid breathing. USERS

2. COCAINE also known as benzoylmethylecgonine, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug. It is commonly snorted, inhaled, or injected into the veins. Mental effects may include loss of contact with reality, an intense feeling of happiness, or agitation. Physical symptoms may include a fast heart rate, sweating, and large pupils. High doses can result in very high blood pressure or body temperature. Effects begin within seconds to minutes of use and last between five and ninety minutes. Cocaine has a small number of accepted medical uses such as numbing and decreasing bleeding during nasal surgery.

CAFFEINE It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug, but unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world.

SHABU/ POOR MAN’S COCAINE n amphetamine derivative (trade name Methedrine) used in the form of a crystalline hydrochloride; used as a stimulant to the nervous system and as an appetite suppressant

NICOTINE Nicotine is a chemical compound that is present in tobacco. When tobacco is smoked, nicotine is absorbed through the wall lining of the small air sacs in the lungs. When sniffed or chewed, it is absorbed through the mucous membranes of the nose or mouth. Nicotine can also be absorbed through the skin.

HALLUCINOGENS (PSYCHEDELIC)

1. MARIJUANA Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa. The plant contains the mind-altering chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other related compounds.

LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD) One thousand times more powerful than marijuana. The user may experience extreme changes in mood, feel several different emotions at once, or swing rapidly from one emotion to another. If taken in large enough doses, the drug produces delusions and visual hallucinations.

PEYOTE Peyote is a small cactus. The cactus crown has disc-shaped buttons that are cut from the plant, sliced, and dried. The dried buttons may be chewed. Or the buttons are soaked in water and the resulting liquid is used as a medicine. Despite serious safety concerns, peyote is used for treating fevers, joint pain(rheumatism), and paralysis. People apply peyote to the skin for treating fractures, wounds, and snakebite.

Peyote is also used as a recreational drug because it can cause hallucinations. It contains a chemical called mescaline that has effects that are similar to LSD, but less powerful.

MESCALINE A.k.a trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a hallucinogen obtained from the a small, spineless cactus Peyote (Lophophora williamsi). Users typically experience visual hallucinations and radically altered states of consciousness, often experienced as pleasurable and illuminating but occasionally is accompanied by feelings of anxiety.

STP is a synthetic hallucinogen whose chemical name is Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine – often referred to as DOM (STP is the drug's street name and stands for Serenity, Tranquillity and Peace). As a hallucinogenic drug, STP induces a variety of psychological and physiological effects which constitute a ‘trip’. The exact effects can vary widely according to the strength of dose taken and the individual, but commonly include visual and auditory hallucinations, heightened perception of colours, textures etc, feelings of euphoria and other psychedelic effects in common with drugs like LSD and Mescaline.

PSILOCYBIN MUSHROOM It is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound produced by more than 200 species of mushrooms, collectively known as psilocybin mushrooms. Fresh or dried psilocybin mushrooms can be ingested orally either whole (often prepared with a food item such as peanut butter or pizza to hide their bitter taste), sprinkled on top of food, or after being brewed to make a tea. Dried mushrooms can also be crushed into a powder and prepared in capsule form. In its pure powder form, psilocybin can be prepared in capsules, tablets, or solution. Psilocybin can be consumed orally, sniffed, smoked, or injected.

Physical effects include: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea Muscle relaxation, weakness, and twitches Yawning, drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, and lack of coordination Pupil dilation, tearing, dry mouth, and facial flushing Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature Sweating followed by chills and shivering

Numbness of tongue, lips, or mouth Feelings of physical heaviness or lightness and feelings of floating

Psychological effects include:  Synesthesia (melding of the senses: seeing music or hearing colors)  Sense of detachment from body and surroundings and loss of boundaries between the two  Altered perception of space and time  Inability to distinguish fantasy from reality  Melding of past experiences with present  Feelings of unity with the environment  Feelings of involvement with intense spiritual experiences ("the god within"), the mushrooms are revered as powerful spiritual sacraments that provide access to sacred worlds.  Tension, anxiety, and restlessness  Highly adverse reactions ("bad trip"), including frightening hallucinations, confusion, disorientation, paranoia, agitation, depression, panic, and/or terror

MORNING GLORY SEEDS The LSA in Morning Glory is a psychedelic drug which has very strong mental effects, similar to those of LSD. Many users experience a quiet and dreamy state, as well as cheerfulness, new insights, great interest in the things around them and a dreamy awareness. One has to take into account certain side effects, like considerable nausea and a mellow feeling before starting the trip; this can last for more than 1 hour.

THE COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS

SEDATIVES STIMULATS HALLUCINOGENS/PSYCHEDELICS NARCOTICS SOLVENTS

PLANTS AS SOURCES OF DANGEROUS DRUGS

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THE MARIJUANA PLANT

Resin – “hashish” 3-13 finger like leaves Hashish is a highly potent, concentrated cannabis resin that has been collected, dried, and pressed into bricks. It is usually ingested by smoking. Hashish oil. It is extracted from the plant with a chemical solvent such as alcohol or butane. Like hashish, it contains very high concentrations of THC. Hash oil is usually added to tobacco or marijuana cigarettes and is ingested by smoking. Pistillate (female plant)- shorter Staminate (male) - longer

OPIUM POPPY PLANT Scientifically known as Papaver Somniferum. 3-6 ft in height.

Summerians call it HUL GIL which means “Plant of Joy”.

THE COCA BUSH PLANT Scientifically known as Erythroxylon Coca. Up to 6-8 inches in height.

Cocaine

EPEDRA PLANT Known to Chinese as “Ma Huang” Essential chemical for Amphetamines, methamphetamines like shabu.

PEYOTE CACTUS Source of Mescaline Commonly found in Mexico and its boarders.

WHAT IS DRUG ABUSE?

WHAT IS DRUG DEPENDENCY?

WHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION?

CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUG ADDICTION: Uncontrollable Craving Tolerance Addiction Physical Dependence Psychological Dependence Withrawal Syndrome

HOW ADDICTION IS ACQUIRED? “being IN”  DRUG HABIT IS ACQUIRED PRIMARILY IN THREE WAYS:  ASSOCIATION – seeking for acceptance to peer group  EXPERIMENTATION – curiosity and etc.  INEXPERIENCED DOCTORS – unnecessary prescribed drugs

ADDICTION MAY ALSO BE ACQUIRED THROUGH: Habituation - repetitious engagement of drugs Toleration – increase the dose for satisfaction Dependence – a necessity

FACTORS IN YOUTHFUL DRUG ABUSE 1. MOTIVES AND ATTITUDES – eagerness to explore what they have not experienced. 2. PERSONALITY & PATHOLOGY - depressions 3. FAMILY BACKGROUND – broken homes, unresponsive parents… 4. OTHER PSYCHO-SOCIAL FACTORS

THE PRIMARY CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE PRIDE – sense of self-worth

ANGER – unexpressed or deep-seated against himself LUST – burning sexual desire

GLUTTONY – “food trip” GREED – wealth, fame of celebrities or exemplified people such as musicians, athletes and actors.

ENVY – getting attention from someone. LAZINESS – boredom coupled with poor self image.

GROUP CLASS OF DRUG ABUSERS 1. SITUATIONAL USERS – those who use drugs to keep them awake for important work. 2. SPREE USERS – school age users who take drugs for kicks, adventurous and daring experiences. 3. HARD CORE ADDICTS – activities surround almost entirely around drugs. 4. HIPPIES – drug is the integral part of their life.

WHAT TO OBSERVE? 1. CHANGE IN INTEREST 2. FREQUENT SHIFTING OF MOODS 3. CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR 4. CHANGES IN PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

PROFILE OF DRUG ABUSERS (PDEA 2010 REPORT) USERS REFERED FOR REHAB

ARRESTED DRUG ABUSERS

Average age: 29

Average age: 31

Majority age: 23-29

Majority age: 22-29

Drug of choice: shabu and MJ Ratio male:female users: 3:1

Civil status: 53% single Employment status: -74% unemployed -21% under-employed Educational attainment: -53% HS

- 29% C

Drug of choice: shabu and MJ Ratio male to female users: 9:1 Employment status: -21% unemployed -58% under-employed Educational attainment: -52% HS -29% C

PROCESS OF DETECTING DRUG ABUSERS

HISTORY TAKING 1. Collateral information 2. Interview with patient

Psycho exam… : 1. Intelligence Test – comprehension and

3. Laboratory exam

reasoning.

4. Psychological exam

2. Personality Test - character 3. Aptitude test - readiness 4. Interest Test – field of interest

5. Psychiatric evaluation - disorders

WHAT IS DDB? The DDB (DANGEROUS DRUG BOARD) is the policymaking body and strategy making body in the planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention and control. They are under the Office Of The President. COMPOSITION: 17 members (3 as permanent, 12 as exofficio, 2 regular members).

3 permanent members: to be appointed by the President, one to be the Chairman. 12 ex-officio members: Secretary of DOJ, DOH, DND,DOF, DOLE,DILG,DSWD,DFA and DepeD, Chairman of CHED, NYC and Dir. Gen. of PDEA. 2 regular members: President of the IBP, and the Pres/Chairman of an NGO involved in a dangerous drug campaign to be appointed by the President. *The NBI Director, the Chief of the PNP-permanent consultant of the Board.

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WHAT IS PDEA? PDEA means Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. It is the implementing arm of DDB and responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement for all provisions on any dangerous drugs and or precursors and essential chemicals.

The head is the Director General appointed by the President, assisted by two Deputies – one for Administration, another for Operations, also appointed by the President.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND VICE CONTROL

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ALCOHOL NATURE AND PROPERTY: Alcohol is a colourless, tasteless clear liquid and it has a pleasant odour that gives a burning sensation to the mouth, esophagus and stomach.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF ALCOHOL: METHYL ALCOHOL

ETHYL ALCOHOL

COMMON ALCOHOLIC DRINKS: 1.Beers – They contain 2-6 percent alcohol. Ex: beer, ale, stout.

2. Wines – They contain about 10 percent alcohol. Ex. champagne, hock.

3. Fortified Wines – liquors that contain about 10-20 percent alcohol. Ex. Port-sherry, others.

4. Spirits – liquors that contain 40-60 percent alcohol. Ex. Whiskey, brandy, rum, gins.

TYPES OF DRINKERS

OCCASIONAL Drinks on special occasions or uses alcohol as home remedy, takes only few drinks per year.

FREQUENT Drink at parties and social affairs. Intake maybe once a week or occasionally three to four times per week, uses beverages to release inhibitions and tensions.

REGULAR May drink daily or consistently on week ends, usually comes from cultural background where wine or beer is used with meals to enhance flavour of the food.

ALCOHOL DEPENDENT Drinks to have a good time, excessive drinking occurs occasionally but drinking may not become alcoholic.

ALCOHOLIC Has lost control of his use of alcohol assumes primary goal in his life.

USUAL MOTIVES FOR DRINKING

TRADITIONAL Social and religious functions.

STATUS Symbol of success and prestige.

DIETARY

Dining incomplete without wine ;integral part of today’s way of “gracious living”.

SOCIAL Release tensions and inhibitions to users to tolerate and enjoy another’s company.

SHORTCUT TO ADULTHOOD User unsure of maturity, so he drinks to prove himself.

RITUAL Fosters group feeling, cocktail parties toast made to brides, wishes for good health.

PATH OF LEAST RESISTANCE Doesn’t want to drink but doesn’t want to abstain so goes with everyone else.

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON THE DRINKER

GENERAL EFFECTS ON THE BODY 1. Euphoria 2. Muscular coordination 3. Respiratory Paralysis

Other effects:  Fatal dose – 200 to 500 ml. of absolute alcohol for adults and 50 ml onwards for children.  Fatal period – 10 – 24 hours  Alcoholic allergy – cause to be mad or maniac

EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

EFFECTS ON STOMACHS AND INTESTINES

EFFECTS ON LIVER

EFFECTS ON HEART AND MUSCLES

EFFECTS ON THE BLOOD

EFFECTS ON KIDNEYS

EFFECTS ON SEXUAL FUNCTIONS

EFFECTS ON GENERAL HEALTH

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE ON THE COMMUNITY

HOME

FRIENDS

WORK

PLAY

PLAY

ROADS

CRIME

ECONOMY AND NATION

TOBACCO

TOBACCO CHEMICALS: 1. NICOTINE

2. CARBON MONOXIDE

3. TAR

TIPS TO STOP TOBACCO SMOKING PAGE 282.

ANTI-DRUG DRIVES AND OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS

OPLAN THUNDERBOLT I

OPLAN THUNDERBOLT II

OPLAN THUNDERBOLT III

OPLAN ICEBERG

OPLAN HUNTER

OPLAN MERCURION

OPLAN TORNADO

OPLAN GREEN GOLD

OPLAN SAGIP-YAGIT

OPLAN BANAT

OPLAN ATHENA

OPLAN CYCLOPS

GNERAL DRUG TESTS

OPIUM – MARQUIS TEST -

HEROIN- NITRIC ACID

AND REFER THE REST ON PAGE 245