06.05.2011
Chonan Technical Training Center
ECM Input/Output Mass Air Flow Sensor(MAF) The air flow sensor, installed between the air cleaner assembly and the throttle body assembly, consists of the heater device for keeping the constant relative temperature difference and the sensor device for measuring the air flow rate, and detect the balance of heat loss on hot film as circuit current increment. The ECM can calculate the mass air flow rate to engine, and this is the most basic and important value for engine control in injection duration and ignition timing calculation.
Mass Air Flow Sensor(MAF) Sensor Signal Characteristic
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Parts Diagnosis by ECM Component Fault System Code
Monitoring Malfunction Strategy criteria Description
Voltage P0100 Range check
Threshold Value
Secondary Enable Time MIL Parameters Conditions Required Illum.
Short to MAF_KGH_MES GND or Line > 520kg/h Time after Break start Short to MAF_KGH_MES Battery < 1kg/h Engine speed
> 1 sec
100 msec.
MIL On
2nd. Driving Y cycle
tbd
Stable MAF tbd
Mass Air flow sensor (MAF)
Battery voltage
P0101
Rationality check
> 11 V
MAFmeas. Meas. - Model > Lambda MAFmodel > tbd regulation thd. active Coolant temp.
-
2nd. Driving Y cycle
> 76°C
No relevant failure Throttle Position sensor(TPS) This is a rotary potentiometer mounted on throttle body assembly. This sensor having gold coated terminals provides throttle angle information to the ECM to be used for the detection of engine status such as idle, part load, full throttle condition and anti-jerk condition and acceleration fuel enrichment correction.
Throttle Position sensor(TPS) Sensor Signal Characteristic
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Parts Diagnosis by ECM Monitoring Component Fault Strategy System Code Description
Malfunction criteria
Short to Battery Voltage P0120 Range check Short to Battery or Line Break
Throttle Position (TPS)
Threshold Secondary Enable Time MIL Value Parameters Conditions Required Illum. TPS < 0,14 V TPS > 4,86 V
Battery voltage
> 10 V
Engine speed
tbd
MIL On
100 msec.
2nd. Driving Y cycle
-
2nd. Driving Y cycle
Stable MAP : Gradient < tbd thd. Rationality P0121 check
MAFmeas. MAFmodel > thd. AND Fuel system error
Meas. Model > tbd
Battery voltage
> 11 V
Lambda regulation active Coolant temp.
> 76°C
No relevant failure
Intake Air Temperature Sensor(IAT) The intake air temperature sensor is installed on the surge tank. This sensor measures the air temperature of surge tank and this temperature is used for injection time correction(Cold post start correction), ignition angle correction(Air temperature correction), idle speed correction(Air-density correction). Electric Circuit
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Sensor Signal Characteristic
Parts Diagnosis by ECM Monitoring Component Fault Strategy System Code Description
Malfunction criteria
Threshold Secondary Value Parameters
Enable Time MIL Conditions Required Illum.
Short to Ground
TIA > 127.5°C
> 10 V
Intake Air Voltage P0110 Temperature Range check Short to Battery or (TIA) Line Break
TIA < 38.25°C
Battery voltage
Time after Start in case of SCB 600 sec. or OL
5 sec.
MIL On
2nd. Driving Y cycle
COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR The coolant temperature sensor integrated heat gauge is installed in the thermostat housing. This sensor having gold coated terminals provides information of coolant temperature to the ECM for controlling, Injection time and ignition timing during cranking & warm-up & hot condition ISC actuator to keep nominal idle engine speed Cooling & condenser fan etc. Electric Circuit
*:Gold coated terminal Coolant Temperature Sensor Sensor Signal Characteristic
C:/…/ECM Input Output.htm
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Sensor Signal Characteristic
Chonan Technical Training Center
Parts Diagnosis by ECM Component Fault System Code
Monitoring Strategy Description
P0115 Engine Coolant Temperature (TCO) P0116
Voltage Range check
Signal Stuck
Malfunction criteria
Threshold Value
Short to Battery
TPS<0,14v
Short to Battery or Line Break
tps>4,86V
TCOmodel Thd. increase depends on >Thd. But Coolant TCO meas. Start increase
Secondary Enable Time Parameters Conditions Required
Battery voltage
>10V
100 msec.
MIL MIL Illum. On
2nd driving Y cycle
10-30 min depending Battery voltage
>10V
2nd. Driving Y on Start cycle temp.
Heated TiO2 Sensor There are O2 sensors in a vehicle, these are installed in front of the each bank of catalyst. The O2 sensors is consists of Titania type sensing element and heater. The resistance of sensing element is changing greatly according to the richness of exhaust gas, and this difference to reference resistance in ECM reflect lean or rich status. For each bank(1/2), ECM can control the fuel injection rate separately with the feedback of each front O2 sensor signals, and the desired air/fuel ratio which provide the best conversion efficiency is achieved. And, the O2 sensor tip temperature is controlled to 700deg.C to get reliable sensor signal output by O2 heater feed back control function.
Heated TiO2 Sensor Electric Circuit
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Heated TiO2 Sensor Sensor Signal Characteristic
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Heated TiO2 Sensor Parts Diagnosis by ECM Component Fault System Code
Monitoring Malfunction Strategy criteria Description
Threshold Value
Secondary Parameters
Enable Conditions
Time MIL MIL Required Illum. On
Lambda regulation on Maximum
Upstream O2 sensor P0130 Malfunction (VLS_UP)
Voltage Range check
VLS_UP<0,02V Short Limit and Sensor Circuit to Canister Element Ground Sd Purge valve Resistance closed <20 Ohm Battery voltage No relevant failure Battery voltage, No Short relevant Circuit to VLS_UP> 1.4V failure No Battery relevant failure
0,5V>VLS_UP> Line Break 0,4 V during 25 sec.
Upstream O2sensor P0135 Heater Malfunction
Short to Ground Electrica Check
Short to Battery
-
Nominal Heating Phase Lambda control acive Battery voltage Battery voltage Heater Power
+40% 25 sec. > 10V
> 10V
100 mse.
2nd Driving Y cycle
25 sec. > 10V
> 10V 2nd 2% 10 sec. Driving Y
Line Break Nominal O2 sensor heating phase O2 sensor Heater PWM 1% Evaluate O2
Resistance > O2sensor Temperature 95% 240 sec. elapsed (to P0030 1,5 1700 Ohm Heater via <650°C perform *Emission (Element Malfunction measuring 16V > VB 11V OBDI diag) Standard Temperature < Element Exhaust 500°C) Resistance gas temperature model No relevant failure Battery voltage C:/…/ECM Input Output.htm
5 min.
2nd. Driving Y cycle
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Crankshaft position Sensor(CKP) The crankshaft position sensor detects and counts the tooth on teeth target wheel(60-2) and provides ECM with the information on the current position of crank angle and cylinder, and also the duration of each tooth and segment. So injection and ignition could be activated exactly in desired crank angle and current engine speed could be calculated also. Electric Circuit
Crankshaft position Sensor(CKP) Output Characteristic
Crankshaft position Sensor(CKP) Output Characteristic
C:/…/ECM Input Output.htm
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Parts Diagnosis by ECM Component Fault System Code
Monitoring Malfunction Threshold Secondary Strategy criteria Value Parameters Description
Enable Conditions
Valid Crankshaft Teeth not detected whereas Camshaft Camshaft Signal is Before signal valid valid Can not detect Check synchronisation Crankshaft TDC with valid Crankshaft Position P0335 Crankshaft Teeth and Signal Sensor Battery Camshaft Teeth Switching Voltage > Numder of Crankshaft 10V After Teeth not corret within synchronisation one revolution
Time Required
MIL Illum.
MIL On
5 tev.
Immedi ate
Y
Knock Sensor(Bank 1 / 2) Two knock sensors are installed on each bank, detecting knock occurrence of each individual cylinders. Knock sensor signals are processed with filtering, signal noise level calculation and final decision of knock by comparing the noise level with calculated noise level threshold. When knock is detected, ignition timings of corresponding cylinder are retarded by defined value, different engine operating conditions, and advanced again with delay and increment slop. Electric Circuit
Knock Sensor Output Characteristic
C:/…/ECM Input Output.htm
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Parts Diagnosis by ECM Component Fault System Code
Monitoring Malfunction Threshold Secondary Enable Time Strategy criteria Value Parameters Conditions Required Description
Knock sensor Plausability P0325 Circuit check Malfunction
Check difference Knock Signal Noise Level
Engine speed < 0,049 V Engine load
MIL Illum.
MIL On
1600 rpm 160 mg/STK
2nd. > 1 min. Driving cycle
Y
No relevant failure
Idle Speed Actuator(ISA) Idle speed actuator controls the proper intake air amount to keep nominal idle engine speed and to avoid uncompleted combustion in closed throttle condition. The ISA opening value is concluded by Coolant temperature, Engine load(A/C, Fans, Drive, ....), Altitude etc. ECM sends duty(100Hz) signal to idle speed actuator to open or close the by-pass passage of throttle body. The idle speed actuator used is double coil type. Electric Circuit
Idle Speed Actuator(ISA) output Characteristic
C:/…/ECM Input Output.htm
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06.05.2011
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Parts Diagnosis by ECM Component Fault System Code
Monitoring Malfunction Threshold Secondary Enable Time Strategy criteria Value Parameters Conditions Required Description
P1505 Idle Speed Actuator P1506 command Signal incorrect P1507 P1508
Electrical Check
OC, SCG at coil #1
Idle Speed Actuator PWM
10% < PWM < 90%
SCB at Coil #1
Battery voltage
> 10 V
OC, SCG at coil #2
-
MIL Illum.
MIL On
2nd. Driving cycle
Y
0,5 sec.
SCB at Coil #2
Fuel Injector The pulse signal from ECM actuates injector coil to open, thus inject a defined amount of fuel. The start and end of injection is controlled by ECM according to engine operating conditions. Electric Circuit
Fuel Injector Output Characteristic
C:/…/ECM Input Output.htm
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06.05.2011
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Parts Diagnosis by ECM Component Fault System Code
Monitoring Malfunction Threshold Secondary Enable Time MIL Strategy MIL Illum. criteria Value Parameters Conditions Required On Description Short to Ground
P0201 Injector Valve
P0202 P0203
Driver Stage Check
Short to Battery
-
Line Break
Battery voltage
> 10 V
Engine speed
> 30 rpm
3 sec.
Immediate
Y
P0204
Purge Control Valve(Canister Purge Control Solenoid) 20Hz pulse duty signal is sent from ECM to purge accumulated fuel in the canister charcoal. The pulse duty to purge the canister is calculated according to engine operating condition(Engine speed, Mass air flow)
The flow rates for 100% duty are as below, DP = 200mbar ??2.00 +/- 0.50 m3/h DP = 700mbar ??2.60 +/- 0.60 m3/h
Electric Circuit
Purge Control Valve (Canister Purge Control Solenoid) Output Characteristic
C:/…/ECM Input Output.htm
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Parts Diagnosis by ECM Component Fault System Code Evaporative Emission Control System P0443 Purge Control Valve Malfunction
Monitoring Malfunction Threshold Secondary Enable Time Strategy criteria Value Parameters Conditions Required Description Purge Control Valve PWM
Short to Ground Electrical Check
Short to Battery
-
Battery voltage
2% < PWM < 98% > 10 V
3 sec.
MIL Illum.
MIL On
2nd. Driving cycle
Y
Line Break
Main relay The voltage after main relay is used to supply power to the sensors and actuators. ECM controls the Main Relay and its remains ON at Key off in order to store the adaptation values and fault status to the memory. Electric Circuit
Function description
C:/…/ECM Input Output.htm
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Parts Diagnosis by ECM Component Fault System Code
Monitoring Malfunction Threshold Secondary Enable Time Strategy criteria Value Parameters Conditions Required Description
Comparison of Battery Main Relay Voltage and P1640 Malfunction Voltage after Main Relay
Volt. after Main Rel. too Low when ON Volt. after Main Rel. too High when OFF
Battery Voltage
MIL Illum.
MIL On
2nd. Driving cycle
Y
> 10 V
< 6 Volt Ignition Key ON
> 6 Volt
100 msec.
Ignition Key OFF
Lambda feedback control Lambda control Lambda control is P-I control with the feedback signal of upstream O2 sensor. It needs about 15~20 sec from the engine start to the beginning of Lambda control at FTP cycle(25deg.C). For lower temperature, it may take more time to activate O2 sensor.
Fuel Injection Lambda feedback control(TI_LAM) P-jump Delay adaptation P-jump Delay is to correct the lean-shift of exhaust gas which may cause excessive high NOx emission. The deterioration of upstream O2 sensor along vehicle aging could shift exhaust gas lambda to lean side. Downstream O2 sensor signal represent the amount of Lambda shift, and if it remains on lean side, P-jump delay and its adaptation are increased to correct the wrong stoichiometric air- fuel ratio.
Fuel adaptation
C:/…/ECM Input Output.htm
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Fuel adaptation The purpose of fueling adaptation is to compensate the variations caused by engines, injectors or MAF sensor variations. The additive term is to compensate leakage in intake system or injector dead time variations, and the multiple term is to compensate any deflected linearity of MAF sensor, injector etc,. The additive term is calculated at low air flow condition such as idle while the multiple term is calculated at high air flow condition respectively. Catalyst overheating prevention The catalyst temperature increases over its acceptable limit at high speed and high load. In order to control the exhaust gas temperature mixture enrichment is provided. Full load enrichment correction Full load enrichment is performed to improve engine torque and to control the temperature for exhaust valves, catalyst converter and exhaust gas. Acceleration enrichment correction When the throttle valve is open rapidly, lean mixture caused by the air charging effect of surge tank and by fuel wall wetting is compensated by quick and short fuel enrichment. Trailing throttle fuel reduction correction Contrary to acceleration, lifting up the throttle pedal may provide rich air-fuel mixture to cylinders. This is compensated by quick reduction of fuel. Idle speed correction In order to control engine speed at idle, a mixture correction is performed as soon as the idle speed regulation is active. Cylinder fuel shut-off The injection is disabled with fuel cut-off pattern for individual cylinders in such case as engine speed limitation, vehicle speed limitation, torque reduction requested by TCM and fuel cut-off engine operating conditions is met. Ignition timing control Appropriate ignition timing based on air flow rate, engine speed, knocking, anti-jerk, engine torque reduction requested by TCM, is calculated for specific cylinders. Basic ignition angle The basic ignition angle is concluded to get Maximum torque and to avoid knock for each engine operating point(RPM / MAF). Basic Ignition angle for Idle condition This basic ignition angle for idle condition is concluded to get best idlestability and low exhaust emission. Dynamic correction in idle To maintain idle speed within target value, ignition timing control is added to idle actuator control. When engine speed is below target speed, ignition timing is advanced and vise versa. Air & coolant temperature correction High air and coolant temperature can cause knock. To avoid this knock, the basic ignition angle is adjusted versus ambient conditions. Ignition timing control Instationary correction In order to prevent knock during strong acceleration, an ignition angle correction is applied to the nominal ignition angle. Anti-jerk correction Due to sudden acceleration, engine shock & jerking can occur. These shock & jerks could be controlled by selective torque reduction by ignition angle retard. Knock control Knock control actives within defined engine operating window. When knocking is detected, ignition timing of corresponding cylinder is retarded and recovered with delay and gradient. Idle Speed Control(ISA operation) Basic ISA Valve Opening Basic ISA opening correction is required to keep target engine speed versus engine load. Idle speed regulation correction To compensate deviations from the nominal engine speed. ISA adaptation The required value of basic ISA opening could be differed due to part to part deviation and other effects of aging. This function is needed to compensate this kind of deviations. Fan correction Its purpose is to correct the cooling and condenser fans power requirements. The correction amount is depends on fans state(Off/Low/Middle/High). Air condition compressor correction The increased duty cycle for the air condition compressor ISAPWM_ACCIN covers the compressor's power requirements depending on the engine speed(RPM), the intake air temperature, the pressure level in the A/C circuit and the air mass and air flow corrected by altitude. Idle Speed Control(ISA operation)
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Idle Speed Control(ISA operation) Intake air temperature correction This correction is needed to compensate the ISA deviation by air density by intake air temperature. ISA operation during power latch time In order to clean the idle speed valve from deposits, the ISA valve is opened to 100% duty cycle for a short time after key off. Target idle speed depends on the coolant temperature
Coolant Temp.[°C]
Component System
A/C ON
A/C OFF
N range
D range
N range
D range
90
850
750
700
750
20
1021
924
1021
924
0
1120
1008
1120
1008
-30
1300
1070
1300
1070
Fault Monitoring Strategy Malfunction Threshold Secondary Enable Time MIL Code Description criteria Value Parameters Conditions Required Illum.
Engine Speed Nominal Idle Speed
P0506
< -100 rpm Engine Speed too Low
P0507
> 10 V
Coolant temp.
> 76°C
Engine Load
< 283 mg/STK
25 sec.
2nd. Driving Y cycle
-
2nd. Driving Y cycle
Stable Idle Speed Actuator opening
Monitoring high deviation between Target Idle Speed and Actual Engine Speed
Idle Speed RPM Lower / Higher than Expected
Idle speed engine operating state
MIL On
Vehicle speed
> 200 rpm Engine Speed too High
Meas. Model > tbd
Time after Start elapsed
=0
3 sec.
No relevant failure Battery voltage
> 10 V
Auxiliary functions Air Condition Compressor Control - A/C compressor activation conditions : A/C switch ON & Blower ON & Thermo switch ON - A/C compressor deactivation conditions : Engine cranking, Full load detected by high throttle angle, Too high coolant temperature(120deg.C), Vehicle take-off detection from vehicle stop. Cooling and Condenser Fan Control The cooling and condenser fans activation is controlled by the ECM and they are set ON or OFF depending on coolant temperature, A/C compressor state, vehicle speed, pressure in the A/C circuit. If the pressure in the A/C circuit is high and A/C compressor is ON, then cooling and condenser fan speed is set to high in order to fastly decrease the pressure. Evaporative Emission Control(Canister purge control) This function is to prevent the HC gas which evaporated in the fuel tank go out to atmosphere. By this function, the HC gas is burned in combustion chamber of engine. C:/…/ECM Input Output.htm
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Auxiliary functions Engine and vehicle speed limit Engine speed and vehicle speed limitations are to prevent any damages on engine hardware to have safety for high speed operation and are applied by fuel shut-off.
Fuel Pump Relay Control The fuel pump is switched ON for 4sec from the ignition Key ON. And then, if the first tooth is detected, the fuel pump is switched ON again. Following ignition key OFF, the fuel pump is switched OFF after a waiting period(1sec). Fuel Pump Relay Control
Traction Control / Torque Intervention Engine torque may be reduced by ignition retard and/or fuel shut-off for specific cylinder. When there is a torque reduction request from TCM, the amount of ignition retard is calculated and applied. And when torque reduction request from TCS, fuel shut-off pattern and the amount of ignition retard are calculated and applied together. The torque reduction requests and corresponding amount of reduced torque are transferred each other through CAN.
C:/…/ECM Input Output.htm
Torque reduction request
Ignition Retard
Fuel shut-off
From TCU
Yes
No
From TCS
Yes
Yes
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