Elementary Course In Herbology

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ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY By

Edward E. Shook, D.C., N.D.

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY INDEX DISEASE Anemia High Blood Pressure “ “ “ “ “ “ Low Blood Pressure Bowel Disorders Carminative Cathartic - after delivery Cholera infantum Constipation – chronic “ “ “ “ Diarrhea - chronic Diarrhea Dysentery Dysentery - tonic Laxative - mild Laxative Paralysis of bowels Purgative “ “ Breast Cancer Diabetes Earache Eye affections Grandular conjunctivitis Swollen lids Preserve sight Febrile disease Diphtheria spray Typhoid fever Female disorders Amenorrhoea “ “ Dysmenorrhoea -3-

FORMULA NO. #82 #7 #74 #74 #82

LESSON 19 3 4 18 18 19

PAGE 9 4 3 7 9 9

#53 #58 -16 #20 #49 #72 #48 #63 #19 #71 #59 #75 #56 #60 #23 #35

15 19 16 8 16 8 15 18 15 17 7 18 16 19 16 16 16 9 13

10 2 5

#59 #44 #69

16 14 18

7 9 3

#55

14 16

6 1

#69 #60 #44 #59

18 16 14 16

3 8 9 7

5 2 5 6 4 2 4 5 7 3 8 8 6 3 5

INDEX DISEASE Female disorders, con’t Dysmenorrhoea Emmenagogue Menstruation - delayed “ “ “ “ Hemorrhage Flavoring Germicide Gout “ “ Heart Disorders Enlargement Palpitation “ Sedative Valvular Hemorrhoids Kidney & Bladder disorders Antiseptic Astringent & diuretic “ “ Chronic Bladder catarrh Chronic renal affections Cystic disorders Cystitis Diuretic “ Dropsy “ “ “ “ “ “ Dysuria Enuresis Germicide & antiseptic Gravel “ “ “ Hematuria “ -4-

FORMULA NO.

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#17 #32 #27 #63 #13 #79 #76 #81 #5 #23 #40

6 13 11 17 5 19 19 19 3 9 14

4 1 3 2 3 7 3 9 2 3 3

#29 #27 #70 #30 #31 #28 #59

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3 3 4 5 6 2 7

#64 #43 #42 #46 #40 #51 #66 #65 #29 #51 #24 #33 #40 #57 #58 #88 #24 #45 #39 #40 #23 #40 #44

17 14 14 15 14 4 15 17 17 12 15 9 13 14 16 16 17 9 19 14 14 14 9 14 14

3 7 6 2 3 3 8 4 3 3 8 5 3 3 4 5 6 5 8 9 2 3 3 3 9

INDEX DISEASE Kidney & Bladder, con’t. Hemorrhage Kidney affections Stones “ “ “ Ulcerations - cystic Leucorrhea Liver disorders Bilious colic Biliousness Cholagogue - Jaundice “ Liver Stim. “ Jaundice & liver Liver stimulant “ “ “ “ - Typhoid “ “ - Purgative “ “ - Spleen Nervines Antispasmodic “ Trembling “ “ “ Promote sleep “ Epilepsy Convulsions - infantile “ Headache Hysteria & vertigo “ “ Insomnia Melancholy Nervous stim. - aid digestion “ “ Nervous twitching Neuralgia Nose bleed Poisons Bee & spider stings -5-

FORMULA NO.

LESSON PAGE

#39 #48 #5 #13 #41 #42 #44 #65

14 15 3 5 14 14 14 17

2 4 2 3 5 6 9 3

#18 #7 #39 #58 #57 #21 #3 #30 #55 #56 #13

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2 4 2 5 4 3 5 1 3 3

#13 #14 #17 #70

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2 4 4

#27 #35 #53 #59 #69 #32 #67 #12 #33 #77

11 13 15 16 18 13 17 5 13 19

3 5 10 7 3 1 5 2 3 5

#12 #27 #35 #44

5 11 13 14

2 3 5 9

#69

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3

INDEX DISEASE Poisons Poke poisoning Snake bite Respiratory disorders Asthma - bronchitis “ “ Bronchitis “ “ “ Chronic “ “ Catarrh - pulmonary “ “ Catarrh - expectorant “ infantile “ vesical Colds “ Promote sweating Coughs - wheezing “ Sore throat “ sedative Emphysema Hemorrhage of lungs “ “ “ Influenza “ Tuberculosis “ Whooping cough Rheumatism “ - chronic “ - gout “ - arthritis Rickets Rupture in child Sex disorders Aphrodisiac - stim. “ Skin diseases Athletes’ foot Boils, abscesses, tumors -6-

FORMULA NO.

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#13 #51

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#22 #50 #52 #76 #46 #51 #49 #52 #19 #48 #54 #50 #53 #39 #1 #5 #13 #26 #47 #52 #26 #44 #18 #27 #51 #48 #50 #59 #5 #23 #9 #44

86 15 15 19 15 15 15 15 7 15 15 15 15 14 1 3 5 10 15 15 10 14 7 11 15 15 4 15 16 3 9 4 14

6 9 3 2 8 5 9 4 4 11 6 10 2 3 2 3 4 3 9 4 9 2 3 8 4 9 6 7 2 3 1 9

#67 #16

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5 4

-

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3 3

INDEX DISEASE Skin diseases Eruptions, itch Poultice for inflammation Psoriasis, acne Putrid sores, face rash Ringworm, felons Ulcers Skin injuries Bruises, burns “ cuts Stomach disorders Aromatic, stim. appetite Colic, flatulence Cramps in babies Dyspepsia “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Flatulence “ “ - weak stomach “ - colic Ulcers Teeth disorders Anethetic - decayed teeth Tooth pdr. Astringent Tonic Convalescent Venereal disease Gonorrhea “ Syphilis “ Worms “ “ “

children round tape -7-

FORMULA NO.

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#56 #53 #25 #35 #60 #57 #50 #7 #48 #73 #49 #78 #42 #49 #80 #17 #24 -

16 15 9 13 16 16 15 3 15 18 15 19 14 15 19 6 9 4

3 10 6 5 8 4 6 4 4 7 5 6 6 5 7 4 5 3

#83 #47 #57 #66 #39 #59 #7 #5 #13 #36 #33 #38

19 19 19 15 16 17 14 16 3 3 5 13 13 13

8 4 11 3 4 4 2 7 4 2 4 5 3 7

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY By E. E. Shock, D.C., N.D. Lesson #1 For thousands of years Herbs have been used in the treatment of disease. From the time of King Solomon, who was reputed to be the wisest man of his time, and historians tell us he was a great Herbal physician, on down to Hippocrates, Dioscorides, Galen, and all through the Middle Ages, right up to the present time, there has always been great and famous Herbologists or Botanical physicians. It is reputed that our own great American Herbologist, Dr. Samuel Thompson, who lived about 100 years ago, cured more than 3, 000, 000 people of chronic and acute diseases with Herbs. Herbs and Herb extracts form a large percentage of remedies still used by regular physicians, though inorganic mineral drugs form the greater part of modern medicine. It seems evident to common reason that as nature supplies all our foods from the vegetable or Herb kingdom, so should she supply all the remedies for our diseases. Every animal apparently knows its remedy and, from man’s observation of animals and what they do when they are sick, has come most of our knowledge of Herbs and their uses. We owe a great deal to the Indians and natives of many countries who, through centuries, have taught the white man how to cure chronic diseases with Herbs. Many thousands of people have been completely restored to health by the intelligent use of Herbal remedies, after the greatest and reputed best of physicians had failed. Modern science now comes to our assistance and through chemical analysis reveals the fact that all the chemical elements of which our bodies are composed, are contained in the roots, barks, leaves, flowers and fruits of Herbs. Each family of plants has its own peculiar habit of taking from the soil a specific group of chemical elements. The family called Legumes (peas, beans and clovers) supply calcium, potassium, phosphorous, etc. in non-poisonous form. They are called lime plants and present us with -9-

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material to build bone, ligaments and teeth. Another family of Herbs called Liliaceae, or the lily family, stores organic sulphur in nonpoisonous form. Still others are iron plants supplying food for the blood, or phosphorus plants supplying food for the brain and nervous system. It has been proved over and over again that dead inorganic mineral matter cannot be utilized in the life process of the human cell but that the same material in organic living form is the natural and only food for the replacement of cells as they are broken down. In the Herb kingdom we find the most remarkable combinations of elements to suit every requirement of the body. Not only do they supply food materials, but tonics, laxatives, astringents, stimulants, sedatives, diuretics, diaphoretics, stone solvents and apparently every requirement needed to treat chronic disease. During this course, a very clear and definite classification will be given on (1) the meaning of each named action such as alteratives, aperients, astringents, etc.; (2) the tissues or organs acted upon, such as stomach, pancreas, liver, intestines, kidneys, heart, lungs, skin, etc.; (3) the particular or best Herbs indicated in various pathological conditions; (4) the parts of the Herbs in which the virtues are to be found, such as roots, leaves, flowers, barks, etc.; (5) the best form of administration, dose, etc.; (6) very specific directions for making infusions, decoctions, extracts, oils, liniments, salves, stimulants, sedatives, fomentations, poultices, inhalents, baths, etc.; (7) the best selected Herb or combination of Herbs for specific cases; (8) when they are indicated and when they are contra-indicated; (9) those Herbs which combine to help each other and those that are incompatible, or weaken the effect of each other when combined; (10) an all sufficient list of formulas for the treatment of every disease, together with special suggestions as to diet and other added therapeutic, helpful treatments. -10-

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One of the most common ailments we meet with almost every day is variously called “a cold” or “the flu”, “low fever”. It may manifest itself as, what is called, “a head cold” or “a chest cold” with sore throat, fevered skin, headache, running of the eyes and nose, with cough, loss of appetite, tiredness, lassitude, constipation and several other symptoms. If neglected, or the wrong treatment is given, this often develops into pneumonia, pleurisy, various forms of high fever, etc. Many are needlessly very seriously ill for weeks or months, due to lack of knowledge of the right kind of prompt Herbal treatment. The first formula we give you is a most amazing and wonderfully safe and effective remedy for all forms of colds and fevers. It is very simple to prepare; is almost always easily obtainable, and is so quickly effective, as to be almost unbelievable to those who use it for the first time. We have been using it for many years in all kinds of colds and fevers, for babies, children, adults, and old people, and we have never known it to fail in any case, though some have been given up to die by attending doctors who tried everything they knew and failed. As unreasonable as it may appear to you, dear student, we are not in the least afraid to risk our reputation on this most wonderful Herb formula. It contains only two very common and well known Herbs. The dried flowers of the elderberry tree, which grows almost everywhere in temperate climates, and is so well known that it needs no description, and the dried leaves of the well known peppermint. These are mixed and prepared as follows: FORMULA No. 1: Herbal Fever Remedy Mix 1 ounce dried elder flowers and 1 ounce dried peppermint leaves. Boil 1 pint of distilled water in a saucepan large enough to hold a quart and while boiling, add the Herbs. Cover them and let steep (not boil) in a hot place for 10 or 15 minutes. Do not raise the lid or you will lose some of the strength. When ready, strain through muslin or a thin cloth -11-

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into a pitcher (enamel or glass). Before taking, the patient should be in bed and well covered with blankets to retain the heat. The dose for severe colds and fevers is drink one pint as hot as possible. Then, remain in bed well covered. It may be sweetened if desired. It will be found beneficial to have a hot water bottle, covered with a towel dipped in vinegar, applied to the feet and allowed to remain there. The dose for children is from one half to one teacupful. In all cases, the patient should be kept in bed for at least 12 hours after taking, and kept well covered to promote free perspiration. Please take careful note. In no case is there any danger. It is as harmless as new milk. In every case, there will be free perspiration starting in from 20 to 40 minutes after taking and sometimes sooner. This will soothe the patient to sleep and the perspiration will continue for several hours. We have known the temperature to be reduced from 104 to 99 inside of two hours, and we are convinced there is no remedy for colds and fevers of every description equal to this simple life saving formula. The next morning if the fever or cold is completely normal, the patient should be sponged with warm water, put into a clean bed, and be given some light nourishment such as fruit juices, (pineapple, orange) or prunes. Care must be taken to keep the body quite warm for a day or two. If one dose does not completely break up the fever, another should be given 24 hours later. It will be found that, not only the 7,000,000 sweat glands discharge the poisons from the body, but the bowels and kidneys are also activated and will materially help in the recovery of the patient. Remember this as your first lesson - More people suffer and die from colds and fevers than from all other known diseases. Without fear or favor, we positively assert that out of every 100 cases treated -12-

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as directed in this lesson, more than 90 percent will quickly recover, and it is our experience that the average person enjoys better health for some time after this treatment and is far less likely to contact colds than they were previously. In our next lesson we will give you specific information on therapeutic actions, and a full description of their meaning. Each lesson contains valuable formulas with full directions for use. QUESTIONS FROM LESSON No. 1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

What is the difference between organic and inorganic remedies? Which should be used in the treatment of disease? Why? From what source did most of our knowledge of Herbs come? Can mineral drugs be utilized in animal or human cell life? What particular form of disease kills most people?

Write your answers on a sheet of paper. Number and keep them by you for future reference. Answers to the above questions will be given in Lesson No. 2. -13-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #2 One of the first things necessary to learn when we set out to study botanical medicine, or Herbology is, “How do they act upon the system to bring about the restoration of health in so many different diseases and conditions?” From clinical experience extending over thousands of years, Herbs have been classified therapeutically. CLASSIFICATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF BOTANICAL MEDICINES. ALTERATIVES: Consist of those Herbs which unmistakably alter morbid disease processes (catabolism or degeneration) to healthy processes (anabolism or regeneration). ASTRINGENTS: Contract the tissues that are relaxed and weak, imparting strength and checking hemorrhage. Astringents are subdivided into (1) mild (moderately contractive), (2) styptic (powerfully contractive), (3) coagulant (coagulates the blood). ANAESTHETICS: Herbs that produce anaesthesia or unconsciousness. ANALGESICS: Herbs that allay pain. ANAPHRODISIACS: Herbs used to allay sexual feeling. ANODYNES: Reduces the sensitivity of nerves. ANTACIDS: Used to neutralize the acidity of the stomach and intestines. ANTHELMINTICS: Herbs that destroy intestinal worms. ANTIARTHRITICS: Herbs used for the relief of gout and arthritis. ANTIPERIODICS: Used for the reduction of body temperature in fevers. ANTISEPTICS: Herbs that prevent putrefaction. ANTISPASMODICS: Herbs that relieve “fits” and “spasms”. ANTISYPHILITICS: Used to rid the system of syphilis. ANTIZMOTICS: Same as Germicides. APERIENTS: Mild purgatives. APHRODISIACS: Herbs that increase sexual power. -14-

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AROMATICS: Herbs having a spicy odor and taste, used to stimulate the gastro-intestinal mucus membrane. BITTERS: Herbs having a bitter taste. They stimulate digestion and the flow of gastric juices. CARDIAC DEPRESSANTS: Herbs that lower the heart’s action. CARDIAC STIMULANTS: Herbs that increase the heart’s action. CARMINATIVES: Herbs containing a volatile oil used to excite intestinal peristalsis and to produce an expulsion of flatus (gas). CATHARTICS: Purgatives. CHOLAGOGUES: Promotes the flow of bile. DEMULCENTS: Mucilaginous or oil principles which are used in solution to soothe and protect irritated mucus membranes or other tissues. DEODORANTS: Substances that destroy foul odors. DETERGENTS: Herbs which cleanse wounds, etc. DIAPHORETICS: Herbs which promote perspiration. DIGESTANTS: Ferments and acids which aid in the solution and absorption of foods. DISINFECTANTS: Herbs which destroy the noxious properties of decaying organic matter. DIURETICS: Herbs which increase the secretion of urine. DRASTICS: Herbs which cause much irritation. ECBOLICS: Herbs which produce abortion. EMETICS: Herbs which produce vomiting. EMMENAGOGUES: Herbs which stimulate menstruation. EMOLLIENTS: Herbs used to mechanically soften and protect tissues. ERRHINES: Herbs which promote nasal secretions. EXPECTORANTS: Herbs which aid materially in expectoration of thick, mucoid matter. GALACTAGOGUES: Herbs which increase the secretion of milk. HAEMOSTATICS: Herbs which arrest haemorrhages. HYDRAGOGUES: Purgatives which cause large watery discharges. -15-

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HYPNOTICS: Herbs which cause sleep. LAXATIVES: Mild purgatives. LOCAL ANAESTHETICS: Herbs which act when applied as a local anaesthetic. MYDRIATICS: Herbs which cause dilation of the pupil. MYOTICS: Herbs which cause the contraction of the pupil. NARCOTICS: Powerful anodyne hypnotics. NUTRIENTS: Herbs which promote nutrition. SEDATIVES: Herbs which lower functional activity. SIALAGOGUES: Herbs which excite the salivary glands. SOPORIFICS: Herbs which cause sleep. STIMULANTS: Herbs which increase functional activity. STOMACHICS: Stimulants to the stomach. STYPTICS: Herbs which stop hemorrhage powerfully. SUDORIFICS: Herbs which produce profuse perspiration. TAENICIDES: Herbs which kill tape worms. TONICS: Herbs which tone up the system by stimulating nutrition. VERMICIDES: Herbs which kill intestinal worms. VERMIFUGES: Herbs which expel intestinal worms. VULNERARY: Healing. For quicker progress in acquiring a working knowledge of the science of herbology, it is advisable to study and memorize the meanings of the terms used in this classified list of therapeutic properties of Herbs so that, as they are described, you can instantly understand what we mean when, for instance, we say that a certain Herb is alterative, tonic, antiseptic or vulnerary. It will be noted as you progress, that some Herbs have so many and varied properties that they cannot be classified fully under one heading. For instance, the two Herbs we gave you in Lesson No. 1 are usually classified as: -16-

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ELDER FLOWERS: Alterative, laxative and diaphoretic, but they are also diuretic. PEPPERMINT is classed as antispasmodic, carminative, but combined, these two Herbs act upon the whole system and might easily be classified under a dozen different headings. We shall try to follow the order of above classification as near as possible, so we start with what have proven to be the best selected. ALTERATIVES: OREGON GRAPE ROOT: Latin name Berberis Aquifolium. It belongs to the natural order BERBERIDACEAE. Parts Used: Rhizome and roots. Grows along the western coast of United States and in the Rocky Mountains. Synonyms: (or common names): Rocky Mountain grape, holly leaved barberry, California barberry and trailing mahonia. THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES AND USES: It is one of the best alterative blood purifiers and liver stimulants. USES: Weak digestion, flatulence, jaundice, blood impurities and as a general tonic to the whole system. FORMULA No. 2: Decoction of Oregon Grape Root. 2 ounces Oregon Grape Root (cut) 1 quart distilled water. Boil slowly in a covered saucepan for 20 minutes. Strain through a cloth and when cool, bottle and keep in a cold place. DOSE: One wineglassful 3 times a day, 1 hour before meals. If it relaxes the bowels too much, reduce the dose, but take regularly. This will be found to be a wonderful blood purifier and will restore health to many who are suffering from a sluggish liver, weak stomach, indigestion, and sallow skin. For Children: The dose is one teaspoonful to one dessertspoonful in honey water. It creates appetite and promotes digestion, increases strength and vitality. It is desirable as soon as reasonably possible, for students to learn the different ways of extracting the -17-

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the principles of Herbs and preparing them correctly. Success in their use depends not only in knowing what they are good for, but in preparing them ready for use in the best way, so as to extract all their virtues and lose none. Boiling some Herbs destroys their properties, while others need boiling. Some must be extracted by what is called cold process, etc. Again we must classify preparations in order to understand. CLASSIFICATION OF HERB PREPARATIONS: INFUSIONS: An infusion is made by boiling the required amount of distilled water and while boiling, pour it on the Herbs, cover and allow to steep, not boil, in a hot place for the stipulated time. An infusion is usually one ounce of the cut or powdered Herb to one pint of boiling water, but we shall give the correct amount in each individual case as they vary. DECOCTIONS: Are made by boiling as in Formula No. 2. Syrups are made with white or brown sugar and are either added to the extract, decoction etc., or the Herbs are boiled in them. EXTRACTS: (Fluid): Are usually made by boiling down to increase the strength, and then preserving. TINCTURES: Are made by macerating and shaking Herbs (usually powdered) in alcohol for several days, then filtering them. LINIMENTS: Are made by macerating Herbs in oils, alcohol, turpentine, etc. and filtering. Each process will be fully described when recommended. Next lesson we shall study more alteratives and how to prepare and use them. -18-

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(1) Organic remedies are living and can be assimilated by the tissues, Inorganic remedies are dead and cannot be used in the life process of the cell. (2) Organic remedies only. (3) Because we cannot feed and nourish our body cells with inorganic, earthy matter. (4) From observing how animals, uncivilized peoples and savages cured their diseases with Herbs. (5) No. (6) Neglected or wrongly treated colds and fever. QUESTIONS FROM LESSON No. 2 (1) What is an alterative? (2) What is an infusion? (3) How is it made? (4) What is the difference between an infusion, a decoction and a fluid extract? (5) Why should some Herbs not be boiled? (6) What is the difference between an antiseptic and a disinfectant? Correct answers given in Lesson No. 3. -19-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #3 The word alterative as pertaining to Materia Medica and Therapeutics was defined in Lesson No. 2, Page 1. In the Herb kingdom there are many of them, and there is no doubt they rank with Nature’s greatest and most valuable remedies. Selecting only the proven best, we shall describe a few of them. There is a member of the same family of Herbs (the berberidaceae) as the one we gave you in Lesson No. 2 (Oregon grape). It’s common name is barberry. It is a spreading shrub and the bark of the root is the part used. It contains the same yellow alkaloid (berberine) as the first one given, but in greater quantity. It is a famous Indian remedy which has been successfully used in liver troubles, diarrhoea, dysentery, dropsy, dyspepsia, and to reduce the size of the spleen when enlarged. There are two ways in which to prepare it. (1) An infusion. (2) A decotion. The first is for immediate use because it will not keep fresh for more than a few days. The second, decoction, can be made to keep for any length of time. FORMULA No. 3: Infusion of Barberry Bark 1 ounce of barberry bark (cut) l¼ pints of distilled water. Boil the water and while boiling, pour on the Herb. Cover and let steep in a hot place for 15 minutes. Strain, let cool, bottle and keep in a cold place. DOSE: One wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day. For yellow jaundice, liver trouble, weak digestion, dyspepsia and sluggish action of the intestines this is a most safe and sure remedy. Many delicate, weakly people have reported complete recovery of their health after taking this remedy for several weeks. FORMULA No. 4: Decoction of Barberry Bark 4 ounces of barberry bark (cut) 3 pints of distilled water -20-

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Put the bark in the water and let stand for 1 hour. Boil slowly until the water barely covers the Herb. Strain through a cloth and set this liquid aside. Return the Herb to the saucepan and cover with 1 quart water. Boil again for 15 to 20 minutes. Stain and add the two liquids together. Put into a clean saucepan and slowly reduce by boiling to 1 pint. Take from the fire and add 8 fluid ounces of glycerine. Let cool and bottle. DOSE: One dessert spoonful to a tablespoonful 3 times a day. Children: ½ to 1 teaspoonful in honey water 3 times a day until the bowels are acting freely. Then reduce the dose. For delicate and weakly children with pale and sallow skin, anemia and malnutrition generally, this is a superb remedy. It is perfectly harmless and, therefore, can be taken in larger doses, but should not be given to the point of producing diarrhoea. This remedy will keep for a long time if kept in a cool place and well corked or capped. ALTERATIVES: Continued. BURDOCK: Latin name - Arctium Lappa. Natural Order: Compositae. Parts Used: Roots of the first year’s growth. HABITAT: Northern Asia, but naturalized in America and grows in waste places and by roadsides. Common Names: Burr-weed, clot-burr, beggar’s buttons. This wonderful plant is one of nature’s best remedies. It is alterative, tonic, diuretic, diaphoretic, depurative (purifies the blood), and gently laxative. It has been used with great success from very early times and for all blood disorders, scrofula, syphilis, rheumatism, gout, urinary deposits (gravel and stone), chronic skin diseases, (acne, psoriasis), kidney and bladder troubles. FORMULA No. 5: Infusion of Burdock Root -21-

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1 ounce burdock root (cut) l¼ pints distilled water Boil the water and pour on the roots. Cover and let steep in a hot place for 15 minutes. Strain, cool, bottle and keep in a cold place. DOSE: One wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day. The best time to take it is 1 hour before meals. It may be sweetened with honey but is a better tonic without it. Children: From one teaspoonful to a tablespoonful according to age. Highly recommended for poor blood, pimples, dyspepsia, and as a safe spring and fall blood purifier. When given to children, it should be sweetened with plenty of honey. To promote perspiration in colds and fevers, give a large dose (double) in very hot water with a little ginger added (⅛ to ¼ of a teaspoonful of ginger to each teacupful). Give while patient is in bed and well covered, to promote heat and perspiration. FORMULA NO. 6: Strong Decoction of Burdock 4 ounces burdock root (cut) 2 quarts distilled water Put Herbs in water and let stand 1 hour. Boil to one quart. Strain, return to clean saucepan and slowly reduce to ¾ of a pint. Add ¼ pint of glycerine. Cool, bottle and keep in a cold place. DOSE: From a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful in water 3 times as strong as the infusion. Large doses may purge the bowels. This is to be avoided and the dose regulated accordingly. There is no better blood purifier in nature than this most valuable Formula No. 6. ALTERATIVES: Continued. YELLOW DOCK: Latin name - Rumex Chrispus. Natural Order: Polygonaccae. Parts Used: The root. HABITAT: Europe, North America, grows on waste land and by roadsides. Common Names: Curled-dock, sourdock, red dock. This particular family -22-

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of plants all grow abundantly in soil where there is iron, and, therefore, are iron plants. The roots of yellow dock have been found to contain as much as 40 percent iron compounds. They are considered to be the best blood builders in nature. Yellow dock root is alterative, tonic, antiscorbutic, astringent, and anti-syphilitic. Has been used from very ancient times up to the present day for a variety of diseased conditions and with unsurpassed success, principally for the following: skin eruptions, scorbutic diseases, itch, syphilis, liver congestion, dyspepsia, biliousness, sour stomach and lack of pep or vitality. FORMULA No. 7: Infusion of Yellow Dock Root. 1 ounce of yellow dock root (cut) l½ pints distilled water. Boil the water and, pour over the root, while still boiling. Cover and let steep in a hot place for 30 minutes. Strain, cool, bottle and keep in a cold place. DOSE: One wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day between meals. This is suitable for delicate stomachs, given in smaller doses to start with, and then gradually increase the dose. As it is somewhat astringent, it is desirable to dilute with water. The dose for children is from a teaspoonful to a dessert spoonful in honey water. FORMULA No. 8: Strong Decoction in Honey Water. 4 ounces yellow dock root (cut) 3 pints distilled water. Boil slowly for 15 minutes. Strain, set aside and again cover the Herbs with fresh water. Boil for 10 minutes. Strain and add the two fluids together and reduce to ¾ of a pint. Add ¼ pint of glycerine. Cool, bottle and keep in a cold place. DOSE: As a blood maker and general tonic, one dessert spoonful to a tablespoonful in a glass half full of water 3 times a day. This is one -23-

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of the best iron tonics to be obtained, but should not be taken within 2 hours of drinking either tea or coffee as the tannin in them is incompatible with all iron tonics. It is better to abstain from tea or coffee while taking iron tonics. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN LESSON NO. 2 (1) An alterative is a remedy which alters or changes a morbid process (disease) or catabolic, into a healthful, reconstructive or anabolic, process. (2) An infusion is made by pouring boiling water on the Herb or Herbs used, and then allowed to steep while covered. (3) Same answer as question No. 2. Do not boil but cover. (4) The difference between an infusion and a decoction is that an infusion is not boiled, while a decoction is boiled. (5) Because they contain volatile oils, or principles that have a low boiling point, and if boiled, will gradually lose their strength. (6) An antiseptic stops the decay of cells and the formation of pus. A disinfectant kills all germs and prevents infection spreading or being transferred to others. QUESTIONS FROM LESSON NO. 3 (1) Which Herb is considered one of the best blood purifiers in Nature? (2) What are its other proven virtues? (3) Of all the Herbs known to the botanical science, which one contains the highest percentage of organic iron? (4) What is it’s Latin name? (5) To which Natural Order does it belong? (6) To which Natural Order does the barberry belong and what yellow alkaloid does it contain? -24-

ELEMENTARY TREATISE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #4 To give a better understanding of alteratives and their indications in particular conditions, we now point out that some of them are lime plants while others are sulphur plants; that is to say, the nature of legumes, or the peas, beans and clovers, is to supply principally calcium to the system. There is, as is well known, a constant wastage of cells and tissues and, as the elements and compounds of which the body is constructed, are used up by the process of living, they are thrown out of the organism through the emunctories (bowels, renal organs, skin and lungs). Lime or calcium forms quite a large part of the body. Bone contains 57 percent of calcium phosphate and 10 percent calcium carbonate, and in the disease called rickets, there is a lack or shortage of calcium. To supply this deficiency, we have to administer one or more of the legumes. An easily assimilated form of calcium and other necessary elements is the common red clover tops that form such nourishing and fattening food for cattle. ALTERATIVES, Continued: RED CLOVER: Latin name - Trifolium Pratense. PARTS USED: The flowering tops. NATURAL ORDER: Leguminosae. This herb is so common that it needs no description. THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES: Alterative, deobstruent, sedative, nutrient. USES: Wasting diseases (particularly rickets), spasmodic affections, whooping cough, etc. FORMULA NO. 9: 1 oz. red clover tops (dried) l¼ pints distilled water Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the herb. Cover and let steep in a hot place for 15 minutes. Strain, sweeten with honey and when cold, bottle and keep in a cool place. -25-

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DOSE: 1 wineglassful to ½ teacupful 3 or 4 times a day, between meals. Children, less according to age. This is a very valuable remedy for weakly and delicate children who do not thrive fast enough. Also, for coughs (particularly whooping cough), weak chest, wheezing, bronchitis, and for lack of vitality and nervous energy. It has been known to cure St. Vitus’ dance and other spasmodic affections. As this herb is non poisonous, in any strength, the dose may be increased or the infusion may be made twice as strong and the same dose given. Another group of diseases is characterized by the loss of sulphur from the system and the consequent decay of the cells. These are the pus-forming diseases. When cells die, pus is formed, and, in all pus diseases, there is a loss of organic sulphur, which may be distinctly detected by odor alone. Sulphur and hydrogen being given off and forming the bad odor of cancers, ulcers, etc. In these cases, we need another alterative, belonging to another family of plants, to give back to the system the sulphur that is being lost. In our first lesson, we told you that the lily family (liliaceae) were sulphur plants (Lesson #1, Page 2). Sulphur has been known and used in many forms for the cure of disease for thousands of years, and those who have used vegetable sulphur from herbs have had the greatest success in the treatment of pus diseases. There is an outstanding member of the lily family that has been used from very ancient times in the treatment of many diseases and with most remarkable success. While it is universally known as a healthful flavoring agent for foods, it is not so generally known as a cure for chronic disease, although, in recent years, it has come into very prominent use medically. It is one of our very best alteratives. -26-

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ALTERATIVES, Continued: GARLIC: Latin name - Allium Sativum. NATURAL ORDER: Lilaceæ PARTS USED: The bulbs (commonly called cloves). This most remarkable plant is so well known that no description is necessary. This herb is so important that we are going to point out several wonderful things that have been done with it, and also what wonderful things can be done with it. In the last world war, the British Government advertised that they would buy all the garlic that could be obtained and thousands of tons were purchased for treating the wounds of injured soldiers, to prevent infection and heal the wounds more rapidly. Among the many thousands of wounds treated with garlic, not one single case of septic poisoning was produced. Many thousands of living men and woman who were wounded in the great war have testified that their wounds healed quickly with garlic. No doubt, many would have died without it. A famous English physician claims that over a period of eleven years spent treating tuberculosis, more than ninety per cent were completely cured with garlic. Among the many claims made for it are the following: It lowers high blood pressure, cures pimples, abscesses, boils, carbuncles, ulcers, tumors, skin diseases, asthma, bronchitis, ulcers of the stomach, kidney disease, snake bites and insect stings. THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES: Stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, anti-catarrhal, digestive, antiseptic, disinfectant, germicide, vermicide, and healing. -27-

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USES: Tuberculosis, coughs, bronchitis, asthma, catarrhal pneumonia, abscesses, septic wounds, convulsions of children, epileptic fits, ague, palsy, earache and ear diseases, athlete’s foot, snake bites and insect stings. FORMULA NO. 10: Peel 1 lb. garlic cloves; run them through a meat mincer and put into a large jar. Mix equal parts pure vinegar and distilled water (sufficient to cover the minced garlic). Shake well and let stand for 4 hours. Strain and add an equal part of hot syrup of brown sugar. Stir and shake together. Seal and keep in a cool place. NOTE: Do not boil garlic. DOSE: 1 tablespoonful 3 or 4 times a day. Children, 1 teaspoonful or more according to age. For nearly all purposes, this is the best preparation of garlic. FOR: Septic wounds, skin diseases, etc., apply on lint and cover. FORMULA NO. 11: Oil of Garlic Peel ½ lb. garlic; mince as above. Put into sufficient warm olive oil to completely cover the garlic; Shake and let stand in a moderately warm place for 2 or 3 days. Strain through unbleached muslin or cotton; bottle and keep in cool place. DOSE: For ulcerated stomach, 1 dessertspoonful 3 or 4 times a day. For earache and other ear diseases, warm a small quantity of the oil and drop 4 or 5 drops in the ear; cover with flannel and keep warm. -28-

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For chapped and chafed hands, or other parts, rub well in. For athlete’s foot, wash the parts in hot, soapy water; rinse well; dry and apply the oil 2 or 3 times a day. This will be found to be a very quick and effective remedy. After the affection is quite cured, apply once a week to prevent a recurrence. Where garlic preparations are objectionable, the odor and taste can be covered by adding a few drops of oil of anise, caraway, cinnamon or any other aromatic oil, to the amount made. The bottle must be well shaken before taking, so that the oil is thoroughly mixed. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS GIVEN IN LESSON #3. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Burdock root. It acts as a tonic, diuretic, diaphoretic and laxative. Yellow dock root. Rumex Crispus. Polygonaceae. Berberidaceae - Berberine. QUESTIONS ON THIS LESSON -#4

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

What family of plants supply calcium to the body? What is the Latin name of red clover? What is it especially good for? Which family of plants supplies sulphur to the body? What is the Latin name of garlic? What is it especially good for? -29-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #5 In a short course of lessons on a subject so very important and extensive as Herbology, it is not possible more than to scratch the surface, so to speak. A lifetime is required to learn the names, nature and habits of the hundreds of thousands of plants that compose the vegetable kingdom, and it has taken humanity several thousand years to learn the medicinal or therapeutic nature of a comparatively small number of them. The future holds great promise that in this next few years we shall double or treble our knowledge of Herbs, thus solving the problems of disease, and considerably extend or lengthen our span of virile life on earth. In a later advanced course, much more detail is given. Meanwhile, this course will give you a good basic knowledge of the way to get wonderful results from the use of those Herbs treated of in this course. Now, we come to the study of a few selected Herbs which are called NERVINES, or brain and nerve foods. NERVINES: BLUE SKULL CAP: Latin name - Scutillaria Lateriflora. NATURAL ORDER: Labiatae. Common name, Scullcap. PARTS USED: The dried herb. HABITAT: North America, west to Alabama, New Mexico, Oregon, in damp thickets and the sides of ditches. This plant is also called MAD DOG WEED, from the fact that it has cured many cases of hydrophobia. It is one of our best nervines, feeding and calming the nerves in many, neurosthenic conditions. For spasmodic affections, such as twitching of the limbs and jerking of the head, which is a very common complaint among children and in many adults, it is a very wonderful remedy. -30-

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For nervous and excitable women of a more or less neurotic temperament, there is no remedy in nature to compare with it. It is also reputed to have cured many cases of that terrible affliction, epilepsy, or falling sickness. For insomnia or sleeplessness, it has proved to be a merciful and reliable remedy. Scullcap is a slow working, but sure, remedy for practically all nervous affections, but it must be taken regularly for a long period to be of permanent benefit. FORMULA NO. 12: Infusion of Scullcap. l½ ounces scullcap herb (cut) l¼ pints distilled water. Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the Herb. Cover and let steep in a hot place for 30 minutes. Strain and sweeten with honey. When cold, bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day. Children, less according to age. Scullcap is quite harmless and can be taken in larger doses, in severe cases. For sleeplessness, heat a cupful and drink hot on going to bed. For hydrophobia, a teacupful every hour (taken warm, until the symptoms subside. For epilepsy in adults, a stronger infusion should be made, using 2 or even 3 ounces of the herb to each pint of distilled water, and steeped the same as in above formula. The dose for adults of this strong infusion is a wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day. May be diluted with water if desired and drunk in teacupful doses. Continue the treatment for several weeks or even longer, if necessary. NERVINES, Continued: BLUE VERVAIN: Latin name - Verbena Hastata. -31-

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COMMON NAMES: Wild hyssop, simpler’s joy, herb of grace, fit plant. NATURAL ORDER: Verbenaceae. PARTS USED: Leaves and flowering heads. HABITAT: This particular member of this family of plants is a common Herb in the United States, though it also grows in several other countries, particularly in England. It grows along roadsides and in dry, grassy fields. This most important and wonderful Herb is not only a nervine but a tonic, expectorant, anti-spasmodic, vermicide (kills worms), astringent, diaphoretic, and diuretic. In order to give you a good description of its great virtues, we quote from one of America’s greatest Herbalists, Joseph Myers, of Indiana. In his bock, “The Herbalist,” he says, “Verbain is tonic, expectorant, sudorific, and anti-spasmodic. It is serviceable in mismenstruation. It is an antidote to poke poisoning. It expels worms and is a capital agent for the cure of all diseases of the spleen and liver. If given for intermittent fever in warm infusion or powder, it never fails to effect a cure. In all cases of obstinate menstruation, it is a most complete and advantageous remedy. When the circulation of the blood is weak, and languid, it will increase it and restore it to its proper operation. The infusion taken cold forms a good tonic in cases of constitutional debility and during convalescence from acute diseases. Its value has been found to be great in scrofula, visceral obstructions, stone and gravel. It will correct diseases of the stomach, help coughs, wheezing and shortness of breath, but its virtues are even more wonderful in the effect they produce on falling sickness and fits (epilepsy). The great - very great - medicinal value of this -32-

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plant was brought to my attention by an accidental knowledge of the good it had effected in a long-standing case of epilepsy. “Its effect in that case was of the most remarkable character and I was, therefore, led to study most carefully and minutely its medicinal peculiarities. I found, after close investigation and elaborate experiment, that, prepared in a certain way, and compounded with boneset, water, pepper, chamomile flowers, and the best of whiskey, it has no equal for the cure of fits or falling sickness, or anything like fits; also for indigestion, dyspepsia and liver complaints of every grade. A more valuable plant is not found within the whole range of herbal pharmacopoeia.” We do not consider it necessary to enlarge on this quotation. FORMULA NO. 13: Infusion of Blue Vervain. 1 ounce blue vervain (cut) l¼ pints distilled water Boil the water and, while boiling, pour on the Herb. Cover and allow to steep in a hot place for 20 minutes. Strain, sweeten with honey and when cold, bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 tablespoonful to a wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day between meals. Children, less according to age. For delayed menstruation, it should be heated in a small covered saucepan and a wineglassful drunk hot every 3 or 4 hours. In cases of suspected worms in children, the warm infusion given on an empty stomach will often bring about the expulsion of worms. It is, however, necessary to give a laxative several hours after the administration of the vervain tea. To promote perspiration in -33-

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recent colds and fevers, give the usual dose in a teacupful of hot water well sweetened with honey. For St. Vitus’ dance and epilepsy, avoid all fatty foods and administer the vervain infusion in wineglassful doses for adults every hour, and in lesser doses for children. In coughs and wheezing, whooping cough, etc., use plenty of honey in it and give in teaspoon to tablespoon doses, whenever the cough is troublesome. If students only received this one formula and the knowledge of how to use it, for the price of the whole course, they would not have paid too much for this most valuable information. Next week, we continue the study of nervines and their various uses. -34-

Lesson #5

Page 6 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED IN LESSON #4

(1) Leguminosae. (2) Trifolium Pratense. (3) To build bone and flesh, also for whooping cough. (4) Liliaceæ. (5) Allium Sativa. (6) Tuberculosis, septic diseases, bites and stings of poisonous vermins etc. QUESTIONS ON LESSON #5 (These questions will be answered in Lesson #6). (1) What is a nervine? (2) What part of the human organism do nervines feed? (3) Which Herb is considered the best remedy for children’s nervous troubles, such as involuntary twitchings, called St. Vitus’ dance? (4) What is the common name of Verbena Hastata? (5) For what complaint is it exceedingly good? (6) Ate there many more nervines in nature as effective and beneficial in nerve troubles? -35-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #6 There are in nature a great many nervines, some of which are stimulant, while others are sedative, in their action upon the nerves. It is generally acknowledged that nervine Herbs depend, far their virtues, upon their content of the salt called potassium phosphate. According to the Schuessler system of bio-chemistry, each salt is a food for different parts of the body, so they say calcium phosphate builds bone, potassium phosphate builds brain and nerves, magnesium phosphate builds flesh and iron phosphate builds blood. It is not intended to go into this theory in this elementary course, but merely to mention: it in passing. In the advanced course, the chemistry of Herbs is dealt with quite fully. There is a very remarkable plant that is an exceedingly fine nervine tonic and is quite common in North America. NERVINES, Continued: LADIES’ SLIPPER: Natural order, Orchidaœæ. Latin Name: Cypripedium Pubescens. Common Names: Yellow moccasin flower, American valerian, umbel, Noah’s ark, and nerve root. PARTS USED: The root. HABITAT: North America, in rich woods and meadows, flowering in May and June. It grows to a height of twelve to eighteen inches and has large showy yellow flowers. The fibrous roots are the parts used and those who wish to gather their own should collect them in August or September, cleanse and carefully dry them, and keep them in a can, well covered to exclude the air, though they may be -36-

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purchased dry and ready for use from Herb companies. THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES: Tonic, nervine, stimulant, antispasmodic, diaphoretic and diuretic. USES: Flatulence, indigestion, nervous affections, hysteria, St. Vitus’ dance, weakness and trembling of the limbs, chorea, nervous headache, and all nervous irritability. FORMULA NO. 14: Infusion of Ladies’ Slipper. 1 oz. ladies’ slipper root (cut) l¼ pints distilled water Boil the water and, while boiling, pour on the Herbs. Cover and put in a hot place to brew for 15 minutes. Strain and sweeten with honey to taste. DOSE: 1 wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day, preferably one hour before meals. Children: 1 dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful according to age. This is a very efficient remedy for weakly and nervous children, especially those who show symptoms of twitching muscles or contortions (St. Vitus’ dance). When given to children, honey should be added freely to enable the children to take it without any nausea or objection. FORMULA NO. 15: Strong decoction of ladies’ slipper 4 oz. ladies’ slipper root (cut) 1 quart distilled water Put the Herb into the water cold, and let stand for 2 hours. Bring to the boil and simmer for 15 minutes. Strain, return to the saucepan and reduce, by slow boiling, to ¾ of a pint. Add 8 oz. pure glycerine. Cool and bottle. Keep in a cool place. -37-

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DOSE: 1 tablespoonful in a wineglassful of water 3 or 4 times a day. This decoction is nearly three and a half times as strong as the infusion. By adding the glycerine, it will keep for an indefinite period, providing it is kept well corked, and in a cool place. It is exceedingly handy to have always ready for use. One tablespoonful is equal to a wineglassful of the infusion. If it is to be used to break up a recent cold or fever, the dose should be, for an adult, 2 tablespoonfuls in a teacupful of very hot water. The patient should be closely covered, in bed, before taking. For children’s colds and fevers, one-half or one quarter of the dose, given hot according to age and condition. For general nerve troubles and sleeplessness, a tablespoonful in warm water is a wonderful calmative and sedative to the nerves, relaxing them and producing drowsiness and sleep. Being non-poisonous, it may be taken in larger doses if it is considered necessary. NERVINES, Continued: DAMIANA: Latin name, Turnera Aphrodisiaca, NATURAL ORDER: Tumeroceae. PARTS USED: The leaves. HABITAT: Mexico, Texas, South America, West Indies. COMMON NAMES: Mexican damiana. This Herb is thought a great deal of by the Mexican and South American people. It has a strong aromatic odor, some-what similar to chamomile flowers, but more mint like. The taste is similar to mint, also. THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES: Tonic, stimulant, nervine, aphrodisiac, -38-

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and gently laxative. It acts also as a diuretic, when there is kidney or bladder trouble. USES: Stimulates digestion, calms and soothes nerves. Is used as a mild tonic laxative for children, but particularly and more especially for an exhausted state of the vital powers, and to increase sexual power in those who suffer from sexual weakness. Also used for other nerve troubles. FORMULA NO. 16: Infusion of damiana. 1 oz. damiana leaves (cut) l¼ pints distilled water Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the Herbs. Cover and put in a hot place to steep for 15 minutes. Strain and add honey to taste. Let cool and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day between meals. Children less according to age. It is sometimes desirable to mix more than one Herb as a nervine tonic, and here is a very valuable formula for a variety of nervous and other troubles. FORMULA NO. 17: Nervine tonic 2 oz. scullcap Herb (cut) 2 oz. blue vervain Herb (cut) 2 oz. damiana leaves (cut) 2 quarts distilled water. Put all the Herbs into the water while cold and let stand for 2 hours. Boil slowly for 20 minutes, in an open pot. Strain and return the liquor to the saucepan. Reduce to 3 pints by slow boiling. Strain and add one pint glycerine and one pint honey. Stir until all is mixed. Let cool, bottle and keep in a cool place. This is one of the very best nervine tonics ever made. It will cure St. Vitus’ dance, ague, shaking and quaking of the -39-

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limbs. It is one of the safest and most effective female regulators for amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhœa. Also, a wonderful tonic for weak stomach, gas and flatus. A repeat reference to previous lessons will give you a clear picture of what to expect from its use. It is quite harmless, and may be taken for a considerable length of time without injury to the most delicate system. It will keep for an indefinite period and is always available. DOSE: 1 tablespoonful in one-half to one cup of water 3 or 4 times a day, preferably one hour before meals. Children: From a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful in water 3 or 4 times a day. It is necessary at this stage of this elementary course of study in Herbs and their uses, to point out a valuable fact in relation to such study. It is not the knowledge of the greatest number of Herbs that makes the greatest botanical physician, but the thorough knowledge of a comparatively few of the best of them, just how they should be prepared and blended, so that they are compatible to each other and, therefore, add to each other’s virtues instead of being incompatible and reducing the active nature of each other. To make this most important point more clear, suppose we do not know which Herbs blend to help each other and, during our course of study, we learn that oak bark is a very good astringent for sore throat and tonsilitis, and we also learn that yellow dock root is a good blood tonic because it contains iron. Well, if we have not learned our lessons well, we might say oak bark and yellow dock boiled together -40-

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would make a good combination, one to astringe and strengthen the tissues, and the other to make new blood; but we should be wrong, because tannic acid (in oak bark) and iron (in yellow dock) are quite incompatible with each other for this reason. Tannic acid united with iron to form tannate of iron, which is a powerful styptic and dries up the secretions producing intestinal disorder and constipation. Therefore, it is most necessary that we know which Herbs will blend to help each other and which will not. It will be made quite clear to students in this course which are, and which are not, compatible. Any formulas given in this course have not only been tried and tested therapeutically, but have also been thoroughly studied to make sure they do not interfere with each other’s virtues. We thank you to learn thoroughly, so that you can more fully understand later important facts relating to them. -41-

Lesson #6

Page 7 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED IN LESSON #5

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

A brain and nerve food and stimulant. Principally the nerves. Skullcap. Blue vervain. Epilepsy or falling sickness. No, there is no other to compare with it. QUESTIONS ON THIS LESSON No. 6

(1) Which of the phosphates is usually found in nervine Herbs? (2) What parts of the body are found to contain this particular phosphate? (3) Which of the five phosphates, found in the body, builds bone? (4) In which family of plants should be expect to find calcium or lime? (5) In which family should we expect to find iron? (6) Do nervines stimulate or depress the nerves? NOTE: Look up your previous lessons to find some of these questions answered. The correct answers will be given in lesson #7, next week. -42-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #7 In Lesson #1 of this Elementary Course, in the study of Herbology, we gave you a priceless formula for the quick cure of colds and fevers, namely, elder flowers and peppermint. We now core to the study of an exceedingly valuable Herb that is a native of America, and is so valuable that it can be advantageously brought into almost daily use in our practice. It also is one of nature’s greatest remedies for colds and fevers, and for a variety of other diseased conditions. We learned early in our studies of Herbs that when the American Indians recommend and use any particular herb for a particular purpose, we can absolutely rely on what they say about it. In these days of varied opinions and uncertainty in the choice of remedies, this is extremely valuable knowledge. There is a well-known American herb that stands almost equal and, in the case of influenza, quite equal to elder flowers and peppermint. Its common name is boneset. We give it here because we are describing nervine tonics, and this Herb is also an exceedingly good nervine, tonic and antispasmodic. BONESET: Latin name, Eupatorium Perfoliatum. NATURAL ORDER: Compositae. PARTS USED: The dried leaves and flowering tops. HABITAT: North America (Canada and United States) in damp, swampy places, meadows and banks. COMMON NAMES: Boneset, thoroughwort, teasel, ague wood, Joe pye, feverwort, Indian sage, rheumatism root, sweat plant, fit plant, etc. After the great world war, more than six million people died of -43-

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so-called influenza, but none need have died if this Herb had been at hand and properly used. Long before the war, the Indians gave it the names, ague weed and boneset, because the disease, called “influenza,” produces a sensation of bone-breaking pain, so it was called “bone-break fever” and boneset takes away both the ache and the fever. THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES: Stimulant, nervine, tonic, diaphoretic, antiperiodic, emetic and aperient. USES: To prevent or break the chill in intermittent fever, influenza, and pneumonia. FORMULA NO. 18: Infusion of boneset. 1 oz. boneset Herb (cut) l¼ pints distilled water. Boil the water and, while boiling, pour on the Herb. Cover and put in a hot place to steep for twenty minutes. Strain, cool, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day. For colds and fevers, ½ to 1 teacupful, made hot and sweetened with honey. This should be given every hour until the patient is perspiring freely, and the fever begins to subside. The patient should be closely covered in bed, and remain there for 24 to 48 hours, or until all signs of fever are gone. In bilious colic, give a wineglassful every half hour until vomiting results, then wait one hour, and give in smaller doses every 2 or 3 hours. For children, the dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, according to age, given in honey, one part, and infusion, one part. Boneset is a remedy that cleanses the stomach, liver, bowels and -44-

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skin, and is quite harmless. Next, we consider those most useful Herbs, called laxatives. It is well known that the alimentary canal is most likely of all the organs of the body to become clogged, more especially the lower bowel. The intestinal canal is not only concerned with digestion, but it is the only large tube in the whole body that is especially constructed either to take in or throw out really solid natter. Because of our ignorance of a balanced diet, and people’s long habits of eating foods that contain a very large percentage of useless and waste matter, it is plain to see that this long tube or canal is much more likely to become disordered than any other part. Constipation and defective intestinal function are the commonest of all causes of disease. But nature has provided marvelous Herbs to correct our mistakes and eliminate the poisons that cause so much suffering and a variety of afflictions. There are laxative Herbs producing several different kinds of, action, and it is the knowledge of which one to use in particular conditions that makes the difference between a true physician and one who guesses blindly. We shall, therefore, take up as much time and space as will enable you to see and understand the great difference in them. LAXATIVES are again classified as: (1) Aperients which have only slight laxative action; (2) Mild laxatives which regulate the bowels without pain or distress; (3) Purgatives which act more powerfully, purging the bowels and causing watery stools; and (4) Drastics, which are usually violent and sometimes very -45-

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distressing. We shall give you an example of each kind, without taking too much space, because this subject is much more fully dealt with in the Advanced Course. LAXATIVES (1) Aperients. LICORICE ROOT: Latin name, Glycyrrhiza Glabra. NATURAL ORDER: Papilianaœæ. PARTS USED: The dried rhizome and root. COMMON NAMES: Sweetwood, Spanish juice root. HABITAT: Southern Europe, Syria, Persia, Northern Africa. Cultivated in almost all parts of the civilized world. THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES: Demulcent, expectorant, laxative (aperient). USES: For children and in febrile, catarrhal conditions, bronchitis, bowel and urinary affections. This is one of our mildest and yet most efficient gentle laxatives, particularly safe and effective for delicate or constipated children, or adults whose stomachs are too weak to stand the more powerful laxatives. It is softening, lubricating, soothing, and quite nourishing, and may be given in any case without the slightest danger. It is often given mixed with the stronger laxatives to modify their action and make them more acceptable. FORMULA NO. 19: Syrup of licorice root. 4 oz. licorice root (cut or powdered) 1 quart distilled water Put the herb into the water cold and stir well. Cover and set aside for 2 hours. Stir and place on a low gas, and slowly heat to boiling point, with occasional stirring. Boil slowly for 15 minutes. Remove from fire and strain. Return to saucepan and bring to the boiling point. Stir in l½ lbs. brown sugar, and -46-

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continue stirring until dissolved. Simmer slowly until reduced to 1 quart. (Skim off as scum arises). Set aside to cool and, when cold, bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 tablespoonful or more if necessary 3 or 4 times a day. Regulate dose to suit the bowels. Children, from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful 2 or 3 times a day, according to age and condition. This will be found very effective, not only to relax and cleanse the bowels of old fecal natter, but is very soothing and healing for catarrhal conditions, cough, sore throat, and inflamed mucus membrane in any part. In the next lesson, we will describe two more similar aperients, with slightly different action, and then proceed with a study of stronger laxatives, pointing out when they are indicated, and when they are contra-indicated. Also ideas on how to blend two or more of them for different effects. Your success depends very largely upon careful selection of the right kind of laxative to suit particular cases. -47-

Lesson #7

Page 6 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED IN LESSON NO. 6

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Potassium phosphate. The brain and nerves. Calcium phosphate. The Leguminosae, or peas, beans and clovers. In the dock family, called Polygonaceæ. Some are stimulant while others are sedative. QUESTIONS ON THIS LESSON No. 7

(1) What American Herb is the best remedy for influenza? (2) What was the old name for this fever? (3) How did it come to be called by its common name? (4) Is it a stimulant, tonic, emetic or aperient? (5) What is the difference between an aperient, a mild laxative, and a purgative? (6) Give an example of an aperient. Answers will be given in Lesson No. 8. -48-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #8 Continuing the study of Laxatives, we come to SACRED BARK: Latin name, Rhamnus Purshiana. NATURAL ORDER: Rhamnaceae. PARTS USED: The dried bark of the tree collected at least one year before being used. NOTE: The older the bark, the greater virtue it possesses, owing to the action of oxygen on the bark. COMMON NAMES: Chittem bark, cascara sagrada, bearberry, bear wood, holy bark (used and worshipped by the Creole Indians, and called “holy” because of its great purifying virtues). HABITAT: North America, North Idaho, west to the Pacific, and north to northern California, Oregon, Washington and western Canada. This is one of nature’s very best laxatives. It is non-poisonous, non-irritating, and acts principally on the large intestine as a tonic-producing peristaltic action. For habitual constipation, there is no better, safer, or more effective remedy than this one. Its only objection is its bitterness and that should not be killed, because the bitterness acts as a stimulant tonic to all nerves it comes in contact with and is especially good for the gall bladder, and to activate the lower bowel. THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES: Tonic, laxative (a safe and certain stimulant to the peristaltic muscles of the lower bowel.) It increases the secretions of the stomach, liver and pancreas, and is one of nature’s very best tonic laxatives. It must, however, be -49-

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taken regularly for several months, in order to produce permanent benefit. FORMULA NO. 20: Decoction of cascara sagrada. 4 oz. sacred bark (cut) 2 quarts distilled water Put the bark in the water and let stand for 12 hours. Boil for 1 hour. Strain and add more water to the strained herbs. Set aside the filtrate and, after the second boiling for 1 hour, strain; put the two liquors together, and boil down to 1 pint. Strain, cool, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 teaspoonful 3 or 4 times a day 1 hour before meals. Children, less according to age. Regulate the dose to suit the bowels. For habitual constipation, it is one of nature’s best remedies. LAXATIVES, Continued: MANDRAKE ROOT: Latin name, Podophyllum peltatum. NATURAL ORDER: Berberidaceae. COMMON NAMES: May apple, raccoon berry, yellow berry, hog apple, duck’s foot, wild lemon. HABITAT: North America and Canada, in rich woods and thickets. This Herb is a somewhat drastic purge or purgative, but carefully prepared and taken on small doses, it is one of our best Herbs for cleansing the liver from foreign matter and stimulating it to action. It is not usually taken alone, but is combined with other less active laxatives, such as licorice, cascara, etc., because alone it has the effect of producing pain, unequal contractions, of the bowels, and distressing “gripes.” It is -50-

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modified in its action by adding some warming and stimulating Herb, such as ginger, cloves, etc, THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES: Cathartic, emetic, alterative, anthelmintic (kills worms), hydragogue (produces a watery stool). In bilious and typhoid febrile diseases, it is very valuable as an emtocathartic, breaking up the disease quickly. It must only be taken in small doses, as it is very distressing in large doses, producing, as before stated, a great deal of pain and even inflammation but, when taken in small doses, it is one of our best remedies for torpid liver, jaundice, constipation, etc. We repeat this statement because it is important. The following formula is an ideal way in which to use it: FORMULA NO. 21: Compound Syrup of Mandrake. 1 oz. mandrake root (cut) 1 oz. ginger root (cut) 1 oz. licorice root (cut) 3 pints distilled water. Put the Herbs in the water and let stand, cold, for 2 hours. Bring to a boil and slowly simmer for 20 minutes. Strain and reduce, by boiling slowly, to 1 pint; add l½ lbs. brown sugar (not raw sugar). Boil very slowly for 10 minutes. Skim off any scum that may arise. Cool, bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 dessertspoonful to a tablespoonful 2 or 3 times a day. Children, less according to age (from ½ to 1 teaspoonful in water). Regulate the dose to suit the bowels. Try to bring about a soft moulded tool, but avoid any tendency to diarrhoea. This is a slowworking formula but, when once started and, if persisted in for some time, will succeed in clearing up -51-

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jaundice and restoring the liver to its proper function. One of the commonest complaints suffered in modem civilization is catarrh. It is called the curse of mankind, and manifests in excessive and often morbid mucus discharges from the nose, throat, larynx, bronchi, stomach, duodenum, etc. Certain stages and forms of catarrh are called biliousness. Nature has provided many remedies for catarrh but, Of course, it goes without saying that the diet must be regulated, and the drinking of alcoholic liquors, wines and beers must be stepped; otherwise, it is useless to attempt to cure it. The principal mistakes made in eating are the consumption of excessive amounts of starch and glutenous foods, such as too much bread, cooked cereals, potatoes, macaroni, spaghetti, beans (except string beans), peas, lentils, pies, cakes, pastry, blancmange, thickened soups and gravy, chocolate, malted milk, etc. All these are mucus and acid forming foods which, if not perfectly digested, ferment in the digestive tract, forming alcohol and acetic add. They all tend to clog up the mucus membranes and produce catarrh in many forms. When the thickened mucoid matter is thrown out into the skin, 7,000,000 skin glands are blocked and colds and fevers result. The diet in all cases of catarrh should be strictly confined to leafy and juicy vegetables, such as lettuce, celery, cabbage, leeks, onions, spinach, carrots, turnips, broccoli, brussels sprouts, etc., and also fruits, such as apples, pears, plums, cherries, grape fruit, lemons, berries, prunes, figs, dates, raisins, avocados, tomatoes, etc., and the bowels should be taken care of by the steady use of the laxatives given. -52-

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A study of the following Herbs and their careful administration will bring about cures that will astonish both yourselves and your patients but, as before stated, unless the diet is changed, and the directions for balancing is faithfully carried out, there is no earthly use to try to cure any form of catarrh. This spells the difference between success and failure and is the main reason why so many physicians fail to do more than give temporary relief. Remember that catarrh is not a local complaint, and the last formula given will lay the foundation for cure by cleansing the stomach, liver and intestines. Here is one of our best remedies: ELECAMPANE: Latin name, Inula Helenium. NATURAL ORDER: Compositae. COMMON NAMES: Scabwort, horse heal, elf dock. PARTS USED: The root. HABITAT: It is found growing wild throughout Europe, Asia, North America, and Canada. THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES: Expectorant, alterative, antiseptic, astringent, tonic, diaphoretic, stimulant, diuretic, anti-spasmodic, emmenagogue. USES: For catarrh, coughs, shortness of breath, wheezing, bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, cystitis, skin diseases, and every form of inflammation. This is one of nature’s greatest remedies, and has been used for tuberculosis, dropsy, asthma, etc., from very ancient times. Its history dates back to one thousand years before the Christian -53-

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Era, and modern investigation has shown it to be of great valve in all pulmonary and catarrhal diseases. FORMULA NO. 22: Decoction of Elecampane. 2 oz. elecampane (cut) 1 quart distilled water Put the Herb into the water and let stand for 2 hours. Bring to the boil and simmer for 30 minutes, closely covered. Strain and return the liquor to the saucepan, and reduce to ¾ pint. Add 4 oz. pure glycerine. Let cool, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 tablespoonful in an equal amount of water 3 or 4 times a day, between meals. Children, 1 teaspoonful or more according to age, given in honey water. NOTE: Honey is a soothing and healing balm for all children and should be given freely to all with a tendency to catarrh. When the formula is especially made for children, substitute 6 or 8 ozs. honey for the glycerine. Elecampane may be given in much larger doses, up to a teacupful, in chronic lung troubles but, in all such cases, the glycerine must be withheld, and the decoction made up fresh each day. Not more than 1 teaspoonful of glycerine should be in each dose, no matter how large the dose. To increase its tonic qualities, and make it slightly laxative, a teaspoonful of the compound syrup of mandrake is added, at the time of taking. To produce a free perspiration, make the decoction, but do not add the glycerine. While the patient is well covered, in bed, -54-

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give as hot as can be taken in ½ teacupful closes until the patient is perspiring freely. Many lives have been saved by this wonderful Herb. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED IN LESSON #7 (1) Boneset. (2) Breakbone fever. (3) Because its action reduced the sensation of the bones being broken and appeared to set the bones at rest and free them from pain. (4) It is all of them and more (refer to Lesson #7). (5) An aperient has only slight laxative action. A mild laxative is gentle and gives no pain. A purgative purges, producing watery stools. (6) Licorice root or boneset. QUESTIONS ON THIS LESSON #8 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Which bark was considered sacred by the North American Indians? Is it a tonic, stimulant, laxative or astringent? On what part of the intestinal tract does it act principally? Which laxative is excellent for the liver and kills worms? What is its Latin name? What is the common name of Inula Helenium?

Answers will be given in lesson #9. -55-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #9 In our first Lesson of this course, we gave you a very valuable formula for colds and fevers. It has been said that one half the world dies of colds and fevers. This is probably true but an explanation or better understanding is necessary. Last week we spoke of catarrh and gave a very wonderful formula for several kinds of catarrh. Colds and catarrh are always linked or connected. In other words, you cannot have one without the other. Both are caused by the blocking of delicate tubules and glands, principally of the mucus membrane and skin. This blocking, in turn, is caused by thickening or viscidity of the internal fluids. These fluids, blood, lymph, mucus, etc., are constantly circulating, carrying the various body-building and replacement substances in solution. They are also carrying out used-up material, which is of no further use to the system. There are soft, medium and hard tissues, composed of quite different chemical compounds. Lime or calcium is the great builder of hard tissues, bone, teeth, etc. Phosphorus and carbon work with lime to build hard tissues. The more liquid yet firm tissues, such as muscle, ligament, vascular walls, etc., are largely fibrinous. These are built, mainly, by the action of potassium and chlorine on albumins such as the gluten of wheat and other foods, and the casein of milk. All these materials are in liquid and soluble form when they enter the blood stream. The cells of the body select those elements and compounds from the blood and -56-

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lymph, as it passes, to reconstruct, according to their needs of replacement. When more of the body-building compounds enter the blood than can be used, the excess is thrown out of the blood stream into surrounding tissues, thus blocking and interfering with their particular function. There are four ways for those excess materials to get out of the system. The intestinal tract should take out all insoluble waste matter, because it is the only tube in the whole body that is constructed to handle large masses of insoluble substance. The renal organs (kidneys and bladder) carry out the acids and salts that are soluble in the water passed. The skin glands carry off excess of soluble matter (salts and water) and the lungs contract and force out gases (principally carbon dioxide), the end product of oxygenation. Thus it will be seen how fibrinous and glutenous matters, which are in excess of building material, and are not all carried off through the intestinal tract, are thrown down into the mucus glands or membranes of the nose, throat, bronchi, lungs, skin, etc., and produce both so-called colds and catarrhs, manifesting as asthma, bronchitis, tonsilitis, laryngitis, diphtheria, pleurisy, pneumonia, each one as an inflammatory low or high fever. Fever, therefore, is an effort on the part of nature, to increase the heat of the part to the point where these thick glutenous and fibrinous matters can be made liquid enough to pass out through the fine delicate membranes, which are blocked by them. If these thick fluids were not thrown out of the blood, it would become too thick for the heart to keep in circulation, and this is what happens in apoplexy. -57-

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and strokes. High blood pressure and thick blood go together, and there is ally one way to reduce it safely. Stop eating an excess of glutenous and fibrinous foods, and take those Herbs that have a solvent and liquifying action. So, we continue our study of Herbs that cure catarrhs with, we hope, a better understanding. COUCH GRASS: Latin name, Triticum repens. NATURAL ORDER: Graminaceæ. PARTS USED: The dried rhizome. COMMON NAMES: Dog grass, quack grass, witch grass. HABITAT: Europe and North America. Contains malic acid, lactic acid and potassium chloride, all of which are solvents of fibrin. THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES: Diuretic, aperient, demulcent, soothing and healing. USES: Renal catarrh, cystitis, Bright’s disease (albuminuria), dysuria (painful and incomplete discharge of urine), gravel, jaundice, bronchitis, skin diseases of a scaly nature, rheumatism, gout, arthritis, relieves thirst in diabetes, allays fever, promotes free urination. This is a very wonderful Herb for several kinds of catarrh and chronic diseases. It is quite harmless and may be taken freely in large quantities until the desired result is brought about. Thousands suffer from some form of renal catarrh and this Herb is one of nature’s best remedies for all kidney and bladder affections, as well as being a very wonderful treatment for the other conditions mentioned. -58-

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FORMULA NO. 23: Strong decoction of couch grass. 4 oz. couch grass, (cut) 1 quart distilled water Boil slowly for 20 minutes, strain and return liquid to saucepan. Reduce to 1 pint. Set aside to cool and, when cold, bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 wineglassful or more 3 or 4 times a day. Children, less according to age. May be sweetened with honey or black molasses, if desired. Of course, the diet must be changed as pointed out above, and the bowels should be kept clean with one of the Herb laxatives we have described. Also, it must be taken for some time in order to rid the system of all catarrhal matter. Hot baths and an occasional elder flower and peppermint sweat will help speed the cure (See lesson #1). Catarrh takes on many forms, but whatever form it takes, the basic cause is the same, but its symptoms are very different, according to the parts affected; so, it has names, but there are just as many different Herbs that will cure it, no matter what form it takes or where it is located. PARSLEY: is so common and so well known that it needs no description. Its Latin name is Petroselinum Sativum. NATURAL ORDER: Umbellifereae. PARTS USED: Root, leaves, seed. HABITAT: Nearly all over the civilized world. THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES: Diuretic, carminative, tonic, aperient, antispasmodic. USES: Dropsy, cystitis, irritation and inflammation of the kidneys, catarrh of the bladder. It is a most remarkable remedy for dispelling -59-

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watery poisons, excess mucoid matter, gas and flatus, as also for reducing swollen and enlarged glands, etc. It is particularly useful for children who suffer with colic, wind, and enuresis (bed wetting); also acts in a most remarkable manner to relieve the irritation of the bladder, which is common in old people whose lives are tortured by having to get up several times each night to urinate, sometimes as often as every half hour, but its greatest virtue is its marvelous power to cure dropsy, sometimes when everything else has failed. FORMULA NO. 24: Strong decoction of parsley. 4 oz. parsley root (cut) 3 pints distilled water. Put the root into the water and let stand for 4 hours. Bring to the boil and slowly simmer for 30 minutes (covered). Strain and return the liquid to the saucepan. Reduce to 1 pint. Let cool, bottle and keep in a cool place. It may be sweetened with honey or black molasses if desired. DOSE: 1 wineglassful to a teacupful, according to the case, several times a day. Children, less according to age. Parsley is one of those Herbs which has to be taken in large quantity to be of any permanent benefit. Sometimes it is desirable to mix several Herbs in one formula to get certain results more quickly, and work on several organs at the same time. Babies are subject to pains, aches, cramps and colic, spasms and convulsions, through the ignorance of parents who give them food they are unable to digest. The usual procedure is to give the baby an -60-

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opiate, such as paregoric (which is a tincture or syrup of opium), when it cries too much. This is a grave mistake, and is never necessary. One of the most valuable soothing syrups for babies and children with cramps, spasms, and pain in the stomach and bowels is the following old English formula: (It is perfectly safe to give, and so effective that it will relieve pain and remove gas and other obstructions when everything else fails. It has saved the life of many babies). FORMULA NO. 25: Baby’s soothing syrup. 2 oz. parsley seed (crushed or powdered) 2 oz. caraway seed ( “ “ “) 2 oz. dried rhubarb (cut) 1 oz. cinnamon bark (powdered) 1 quart distilled water. Put the Herbs into the water and let stand for 12 hours. Bring to the boil, then cover and simmer slowly for 1 hour. Strain and return to the saucepan. Add l½ lbs. brown sugar and ½ oz. essence of peppermint. Cover and let stand until cold. Bottle and cap tightly, and keep in a cool, dark place. In all the world, there is no better remedy for babies’ and children’s common ailments. Returning once more to parsley for treatment of kidney and bladder affections, and particularly dropsy, a little more information may help you. Make large quantities (at least 2 quarts) of the strong decoction as given in the formula. When there is total suppression of the urine, and there is grave danger, give from ½ to a teacupful hot, every hour or so. Take part of it (say 1 pint) and add 1 pint glycerine. Saturate cloths in this -61-

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and apply to those parts that are swollen with the dropsy. It should be made hot and changed every time it gets cool. Cover the patient warmly in bed, and have plenty of air in the room, but not too cold. If this procedure is followed, it will not be long before there is a free flow of urine, and the moment the local applications are made, the water will start coming out of the skin, and thus relieve the kidneys. We have seen cases where the patient was close to death, having been given up as hopeless, come back from the edge of the grave and be ultimately restored to perfect health. -62-

Lesson #9

Page 8 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED IN LESSON #8

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Cascara sagrada. It is one of the best tonic laxatives. The large intestine (the lower part). Mandrake root. Podophyllum peltatum. Elecampane. QUESTIONS ON LESSON #9

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Is catarrh a local complaint? What is the principal cause of catarrh? Is fever a disease? If not, what is it? What is the name of the grass that cures renal catarrh? Which common plant is excellent for dropsy? Is it for internal or external use?

Answers will be given next week. -63-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #10 When we treat of pulmonary disease, we are still on the trail of catarrh that was, but has reached a very serious stags. The “great white scourge” as it is called (namely tuberculosis) is the aftermath of catarrhal and scrofulous disease, which has either been wrongly treated, or has been neglected until it has eaten into those very vital organs that provide the breath of life (the lungs). This breath of life (oxygen) is so necessary that to be shut off from it for one hour means death. It has been said that “the blood is the life” but without an adequate supply of oxygen, the blood very soon becomes loaded with toxic matter and waste material. Arterial blood is the only blood that contains sufficient oxygen to supply the abundant needs of the body and, in order to get an approximate idea of how much oxygen is needed to vitalize and maintain the normal process of metabolism, we give you the following valuable information. Every time the heart beats, approximately two and one-half ounces of blood are pumped into the pulmonary artery, thence into the lungs. Medium or so-called normal inspiration of air occupies the time of from four to five heartbeats or pulsations. There is not more (normally) than twenty pints (2½ gallons) of blood in the average human adult. Therefore, it is known that 120 pulsations will pass all the blood through the lungs. It has been roughly estimated that in a normally developed, healthy adult, there are approximately six hundred million air cells composing the lungs, and that eighty gallons of oxygen (400 gallons of air) -64-

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are inspired in twenty-four hours. But how does this enormous quantity of oxygen get into the blood? Iron is the magnetic element that attracts oxygen and, if there is sufficient iron in the blood, as it passes through the lungs, it will take up the gaseous oxygen, condense it into liquid and generate hemoglobin, which releases it to the cells and tissues, enabling them to breathe out their carbon dioxide and other waste gases, and re-absorb the life-giving oxygen. Everyone knows that two atoms of oxygen unite with one atom of carbon to form carbon dioxide, but when there is insufficient oxygen, only one atom unites with carbon to produce carbon monoxide, and that is where most of our troubles being — anemia, low blood pressure, or where there is an abundance of calcium, high blood pressure, because calcium thickens the blood. It requires a great deal more pressure to pump thick blood than it does to pump thin blood, and please make special note that all this is brought about because there is not sufficient iron in the blood to carry enough oxygen to the cells to enable them to breathe and throw off their waste products. Cells are not replaced by new ones as fast as the old ones break down and decay. Pus is only formed when the cell decays. Therefore, it requires no great stretch of imagination to see how vitally necessary it is to have enough iron in the blood stream to convey sufficient oxygen to all parts. Nearly every food we eat, or a very large percentage, contains iron and oxygen. Wheat and most of the cereals contain iron in the form of iron phosphate, as do many vegetables, such as beets, tomatoes (really a fruit), spinach, lettuce, cabbage, celery, carrots, turnips, squash, mustard greens, dandelion -65-

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leaves, watercress, etc., but our principle source of organic iron and oxygen is the fruits. The apple is loaded with those two elements, particularly the winesap. All the berries, plums, prunes, grapes, raisins, dates, figs, cherries, etc., contain organic iron in abundance, and the citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, limes, etc., are principally composed of citric acid, which is one third oxygen. Scrofula and, later tuberculosis, is brought about by a shortage of iron and oxygen and an excess of sulphur and calcium, both of which latter elements have a powerful affinity for oxygen and iron, and form with them calcium sulphate (plaster of paris) and iron sulphate, a styptic and producer of contraction and constipation. It may be thought by some that this is not teaching Herbology, but we desire to point out that all vegetables are Herbs, no matter if they be called foods or medicines, and that unless there is a basic understanding of the above facts, it is quite useless to study Herbs. It has been said that one ounce of prevention is worth one pound of cure, and any student who can assimilate the foregoing most vital and basic facts will be far ahead of those who merely scan it over as if it were unnecessary to know it. One of the very finest Herbs in nature for the lungs and, especially, where there is hemorrhage, is COMFREY ROOT: Latin name, Symphytum Officinale, NATURAL ORDER: Boraginaceae. PARTS USED: The root. COMMON NAMES: Healing Herb, Bruisewort. -66-

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HABITAT: It is a native of Europe but naturalized in America, growing in moist places and on low grounds, and flowering all summer. The root contains a large amount of mucilage which is best extracted with water. Comfrey root has been used from very ancient times and is one of nature’s greatest healers. It does not seem to matter much which part of the body is broken or torn, either internally or externally, comfrey will heal it quickly. It is a great cell proliferant or new cell grower, it grows new flesh and bone alike, stops hemorrhage, and is wonderful for coughs, soothing and healing the inflamed tissues in a most remarkable manner. FORMULA NO. 26: Mucilage of Comfrey Root. 2 oz. comfrey root (cut) 1 quart distilled water. Put the root into the water and let stand for 12 hours. Bring to a boil, cover and simmer for 30 minutes. Strain, first through an ordinary fine wire strainer, and then through a muslin or linen cloth with pressure. Return the mucilage to the saucepan and add 6 ozs. honey and 2 ozs. glycerine. Simmer for 5 minutes. Allow to cool, bottle in a wide-mouthed bottle or jar, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: For coughs, raw, sore throat and slight hemorrhage, 1 wineglassful every hour until the tissues are healed and cough stops. FOR HEMORRHAGE OF THE LUNGS: 1 teacupful, drunk slowly, a mouthful at a time, taking one minute to each mouthful, until the cupful has been taken. Then rest one hour and repeat until all soreness is gone and the hemorrhage does not show in the sputum. Usually, the patient will sleep and breathing will be easier. When the patient -67-

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awakes, continue with the sane dosage for another 2 hours, after which administer every 3 hours. This is the most marvelous remedy for hemorrhage of the lungs or any other part. It has saved thousands of lives and restored them to health, even after they have been given up to die. SPECIAL NOTE: While this treatment is being administered, no food should be given for at least 12 hours, in order to get the comfrey mucilage into the blood and to the lungs without any interference or loss of energy. It is, in itself, very nourishing and, therefore, there is no advantage to be obtained by adding food during the treatment. If there is very much exhaustion from coughing, a little well diluted brandy will help to keep the heart going and soothe the patient to sleep. For children, of course, the dose is less according to, age and condition but, as it is quite harmless, the dosage can be safely increased ad libito. FOR OUTWARD APPLICATION: For wounds, burns, bruises, varicose ulcers, etc., the part should first be painted with pure olive oil to prevent sticking. Then saturate a thick layer of cotton with the comfrey mucilage, and apply to the parts affected. Cover with waxed paper and again with bandage, and leave on until nearly dry, when the whole process should be repeated with a fresh application. If there is much pus, instead of using the pure olive oil, use the oil of garlic (See lesson #4). This will prevent or stop decay of the cells and pus formation and, in all such cases, a teaspoonful -68-

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or more of the oil of garlic should be taken internally. Infection is thus made impossible and the healing process is hastened. If earnest students paid the full price of the elementary course, just for the above formula and the information given in this lesson, they would have obtained more for their money in really true knowledge of the healing art than could be obtained from any medical course costing from ten to twenty times the price of this elementary course, for, in the first place, the “great white scourge” kills off the cream of our men, women and children by the thousands, and if the intelligence imparted in this course be applied instead of drugs which are supposed to kill germs, the countless thousands who suffer and die prematurely will be saved and, therefore, this knowledge is far beyond price - as priceless as life, itself. -69-

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Page 7 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED IN LESSON #9

(1) No. It manifests in several parts of the system. (2) Excess of albuminous and fibrinous matter exuding from the blood and into the mucus tissues. (3) No. It is an effort on the part of nature to discharge -waste and useless products. (4) Its common name is dog grass. Its Latin name is Triticum repense. (5) Parsley root. (6) It is principally for internal use but can and should be used externally, too. QUESTIONS ON THIS LESSON #10 (1) What element is the most vital and necessary? (2) Is it a gaseous, liquid or solid element? (3) Is it metallic or non-metallic? (4) Through which organ principally is it taken into the blood? (5) What other element is necessary to take it into the blood? (6) What class of foods contains the greatest quantity of this vital element in organic form? Answers to above questions will be given in lesson #11. -70-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #11 In lesson #10, we talked about the blood and how it was kept supplied with oxygen, principally through the magnetic element, iron, attracting and carrying it as it passes through the lungs. When we pointed out that four hundred gallons of air are inspired by a normal healthy adult in twenty-four hours, that, doubtless, seemed an enormous quantity, but it becomes comparatively snail when we consider that more than two thousand gallons of liquid blood are pumped by the heart in the same period of time. It has been said that it takes a good mechanic to adjust a machine and keep it running, so it behooves us to become acquainted with the marvelous mechanism of the human body, so, like a true mechanic, we can at once recognize the symptoms of disorder and adjust the mechanism of the machine. The work “physic” has several different meanings (1) Primarily, “pertaining to nature, natural, or according to the laws of nature;” (2) The science of medicine and the medicines used in the cure of disease; (3) A cathartic medicine. This is according to standard medical dictionaries. The word, physician, then, in its true sense, means “One who employs medicines that operate in accordance with the laws of nature.” In this elementary course, we can only give the bare elementary facts pertaining to the ancient and only real Science of Medicine, HERBOLOGY, and we are interested in grounding you thoroughly in those elements. As above stated, more than two thousand gallons of blood circulate through the human body in twenty-four hours (of course, -71-

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it is the same two gallons repeating its circuit over and over again). This is the equivalent of 256,000 pounds of blood passing any given point in twenty-four hours, and the most amazing thing is that this enormous amount of power and energy is all brought about by a comparatively small organ or engine which we call the heart. According to the highest scientific authorities, no machine has ever been invented, possessing anything like the power of the human heart. Is there any wonder that we hear and read daily that someone has died of heart trouble? Not only does this enormous amount of blood circulate, but is also performs miracles on its way. It picks up oxygen in the lungs, and delivers an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide and other waste gasses to be excreted through the lungs. In the small intestine, it picks up material for the renewal of every organ and cell in the body and, at the same time, discharges waste matter to be carried out through the colon. As it passes through the kidneys and bladder, it throws out other waste matter and supplies new material for the reconstruction of those organs. The same applies to the skin, brain, heart, bone, and every individual part of the whole organism, and finally as it passes through the liver, it discharges its own dead cells (dead blood). Of all the vital organs in the body, the heart is the hardest worked, the least understood, and the most likely to suffer from some affection. At this point, therefore, we bring you some preliminary information about a few wonderful Herbs which have proven themselves -72-

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the best remedies for various heart troubles. ROMAN MOTHERWORT: Latin name, Leonura Cardiaoa. PARTS USED: The whole Herb. NATURAL ORDER: Labiatæ. COMMON NAMES: Lion’s tail, throwwort. HABITAT: Native of many parts of Europe and naturalized in United States, growing on banks and under hedges in gravelly or calcareous soil. Apart from being a master heart remedy, this Herb is one of the best emmenagogues in the whole of nature. It is diaphoretic, antispasmodic, tonic, nervine, and probably the best general heart tonic known. Its special indications are weak and nervous heart, palpitation, endocarditis, pericarditis, intermittent pulse, spasms, fits, epilepsy, St. Vitus’ dance, low fevers, influenza, colds, chills, etc. FORMULA NO. 27: Syrup of Motherwort 4 ozs. motherwort Herb (cut) 1 quart distilled water 2 lbs. brown sugar Put Herb into cold water and allow to stand for six hours. Bring to a boil, simmer for 20 minutes; strain and add the brown sugar. Simmer for 5 minutes. Remove scum as it arises. Set aside to cool and, when cold, bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: For ladies and young women suffering from delayed menstruation, 1 tablespoonful in hot water, 3 or 4 times a day, especially near the time. When normal menstruation has been reinstated, a -73-

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tablespoonful in cold water, 3 times a day. For heart troubles, a tablespoonful every 3 hours, until relief has been obtained, then less according to requirements. SPECIAL NOTE: In all chronic heart troubles, it should be taken 3 or 4 times a day for several weeks or months. It is perfectly harmless and can be taken almost ad libito. This applies also to epileptic fits and nerve exhaustion. For children suffering with what is known as St. Vitus’ dance, nervous twitchings and spasms, from a teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful 3 or 4 times a day, according to age and condition. For influenza, severe colds and low fevers, special treatment is necessary. Follow these special directions for best results. The patient is to be warmly covered in bed. Give 2 tablespoonfuls of the Syrup of Motherwort in ½ pint boiling water, or as hot as can be taken. Watch the patient to see if beads of perspiration appear upon the forehead and face within one hour. If not, repeat the dose until patient is perspiring freely. SPECIAL NOTE: There is no danger of febrile excitement. It calms and supports the heart and nerves and is, therefore, not in the least dangerous to use in large doses. Some cases respond very quickly to its action, while others are more stubborn. Proceed along these lines until you have overcome the fever, and your patient’s life will be saved. We have never known it to fail in any case over a period of nearly forty years, and clinical evidence from many parts of the world from Herbalists who have used it in -74-

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desperate cases, all report similar results. In order to give our elementary students a little better understanding of this marvelous Herb and its immense value in all heart troubles, please carefully note the following important facts: Sir Lauder Brunton, one of England’s most famous medical scientists, some years ago, stated before the British Medical Association that calcium chloride is a great heart nutrient. He pointed out particularly that heart failure, from post-influenzal pneumonia, may be averted by the extended use of calcium chloride. Many other reports have come to light of the very great food value of Herbs containing calcium chloride. Motherwort contains an abundance of it. By the mysterious aid of lime or calcium in the soil, motherwort is able to draw to itself the green chloride and blend it into calcium chloride in organic non-poisonous form. Being soluble in water, it easily enters the blood and quickly finds its way to the heart muscles and other tissues, where it replaces the lost strength or energy expended in the enormous amount of work performed by the heart. It is known that the heart consumes a large amount of calcium chloride. This advanced information does not properly belong in an elementary course, but we give it to you for two reasons; (1) Heart troubles, weakness, poor circulation, menstrual difficulties, etc., are among the commonest of complaints met with and, for any or all of these, Motherwort is the remedy par excellence; (2) We want you to get some idea of the comprehensive range of detailed information -75-

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contained in the Advanced Treatise on Herbology, and this is just one instance of what you nay expect when you have grounded yourself in the Elementary Course, and are ready to take up the Advanced Study Course. There are many wonderful heart remedies in Nature’s Garden. Each of them is individual, seemingly especially designed and created for some specific or particular form of heart trouble. We shall treat of two or three of the best of them, but we have not space enough left in this lesson. So, we are going to give you some very valuable information, as briefly as possible, on how the most nourishing family of plants (the line plants) are enabled to take advantage of certain so-called waste matters and convert them into the best nourishing foods known to man. On the nodules of growing legumes (peas, beans and clovers) we find tiny, almost microscopical living organisms that have the power to change the chemical nature of the plants, so they are enabled to absorb the element, nitrogen, from the air and soil. They are called nitrobacterin, and they actually draw the nitrogen from the air, and so provide the plant, itself, with an abundance of nitrogenous or proteid natter, but they also enrich the soil with nitrates and nitrites. These are all oxygen carriers. Attracting the nitrogen, they enable the potassium and sodium in the soil to take up oxygen and present it to the plant. Nitrates carry three atoms of oxygen and one atom of nitrogen. Nitrites carry two atoms of oxygen and one atom of nitrogen. Without the action of these tiny, microscopical plants, proteid and -76-

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protein foods would be impossible. Later, we shall again refer to this strange phenomenon and try to show how these are both used and abused in the human organism. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN LESSON #10 (1) Oxygen. (2) Gaseous. (3) Non-metallic. (4) Through the lungs. (5) Iron, principally, although other elements are oxygen carriers. (See later lessons). (6) Fruits, apples, berries, etc. QUESTIONS ON LESSON #11 (1) and (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

What organic chemical compound is the greatest of all heart foods medicines? What particular Herb contains it in abundance? What is its Latin name? Which family of plants is most nourishing? Which Herb mentioned is good for delayed menstruation? What else is it good for? -77-

ELEMENTAL COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #12 In Lesson #11, we mentioned only one Herb to be used in the treatment of heart diseases and, since there are many causes and conditions of heart trouble, we feel a few more Herbs and herbal formulas should be mentioned, with their effect and control upon the heart. There are several poisonous Herbs which are used by the medical profession, but these will be omitted for the present, as we believe in using only the non-poisonous herbs, those that have a beneficial effect upon the heart, blood vessels and nerves, those that create a true anabolic instead of a catabolic effect. An Herb which has won admiration of Herbalists of the present day, and can be traced back hundreds of years, mentioned in Grieve’s articles on Folklore, is the Hawthorn. As Grieve quaintly says, “The Hawthorn is the badge of the Ogilvies and gets one of its commonest popular names from blooming in May. Many country villagers believe that Hawthorn flowers still bear the smell of the Great Plague of London. The tree was formerly regarded as sacred, probably from a tradition that it furnished the Crown of Thorns. The device of a Hawthorn bush was chosen by Henry VII, because a small crown from the helmet of Richard III was discovered hanging on it after the battle of Bosworth. “Hawthorn is called Crataegus Oxyacantha, from the Greek, kratos, meaning hardness (of the wood), oxus (sharp) and akantha (a thorn).” The tree attains a height of thirty feet, and lives to a great age. It passes a single seed-vessel to each blossom, producing a separate fruit which, when ripe, is a brilliant red, and this is in -78-

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miniature a stony apple. Throughout all Europe, it is known as a very fine cardiac tonic, curative for organic and functional heart disorders, such as dyspnea, rapid and feeble heart action, hypertrophy, valvular insufficiency, and heart oppression. HAWTHORN: Latin name, Crataegus Oxyacantha (Linn.). PARTS USED: Fruit (berries). NATURAL ORDER: Rosacea. COMMON NAMES: English Hawthorn, May, Mayblossom, quick, thorn, whitethorn, haw, ladies’ neat, bread and cheese tree. HABITAT: Europe, North Africa, Western Asia. In addition to being a wonderful heart remedy, this Herb has other virtues, probably equally as great, being used as a diuretic, astringent and tonic, also used for sore throat, and as a diuretic in dropsy and kidney troubles. Hawthorn should be prescribed with Motherwort, Cactus Grandiflora, or any of the Herbs which follow in this lesson. FORMULA NO. 28: Infusion of Motherwort. 3 ozs. Motherwort Herb, cut 1 oz. Hawthorn berries, cut l½ pints distilled water. Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the Herb. Cover and steep for 15 minutes. Strain, - cool, and bottle in a clean receptacle. Keep in a cool place. DOSE: A wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day. Children, in proportion to age. -79-

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Another Herb, deserving of our consideration, is the common Asparagus. While, as we know, it is a well known table delicacy, it dates back to the time of Cato, the Elder, 200 years B. C, and Pliny’s time; was noticed by Gerard in 1597 and 1670, being used for its medicinal qualities. Its virtues were well known in the treatment of stone or gravel suffered by those of sedentary habits, also very beneficial in cases of dropsy. The fresh expressed juice was taken in tablespoonful doses. It was not used as a heart tonic until English herbalists discovered its value in treating chronic heart conditions, for which it has proved to be a very useful remedy. ASPARAGUS: Latin name, Asparagus officinalis (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Liliacea. PARTS USED: Root or seed. ACTION: Aromatic, diuretic, laxative, cardiac, sedative. HABITAT: Southern Russia, Poland, Greece, and cultivated in the United States. USES: In the treatment of various heart conditions, especially hypertrophy (heart enlargement), dropsy, gravel in the kidneys, bladder or gall bladder. FORMULA NO. 29: Infusion of Asparagus. 1 oz. Asparagus root or seed 1 pint distilled water. Place the root or seed in cold water and let stand one hour. Bring to a boil and slowly simmer for 20 minutes. Strain, cool, and keep in a cool place. -80-

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DOSE: 1 wineglassful every 3 or 4 hours. NOTE: Do not underestimate the value of this Herb, as it will be found of great assistance in the treatment of the diseases for which it is indicated. Next in order, we shall learn of an Herb which has saved much suffering in cases of hypertrophy, of the heart, where there was pain. This Herb has given relief when morphine would not allay the pain. If given in cases where morphine is given, it will prolong the effect of the morphine, raking it possible to reduce the dose, and it may be given less often. I have seen cases that got relief within ten minutes after the first dose. This Herb is none other than our lowly Bugle Weed, a very common plant but, at times, worth its weight in gold. BUGLEWEED: Latin name, Lycopus Virginicus (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Labiata. PART USED: The Herb. COMMON NAMES: Water bugle, sweet bugle, Virginia water horehound, gipsyweed. HABITAT: An American plant growing in North. America on damp, shady ground. (There are two other bugle plants, closely resembling Bugleweed, both in appearance and medicinal properties). ACTION: Aromatic, sedative, astringent and mildly narcotic. Used to alleviate pain in the heart, coughs, bleeding from lungs, consumption and biliary disorders. -81-

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FORMULA NO. 30: Infusion of Bugleweed 2 ozs. Bugleweed Herb (cut) 1 quart distilled water. Place the Herb in cold water; let stand 1 hour. Bring to boiling point; simmer 20 minutes. Strain and, if desired, add ½ lb. brown sugar, then simmer 5 minutes. Strain again, if scum arises. Set aside to cool, bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: From a wineglassful to a teacupful every 3 or 4 hours, more often, if desired. In the “Modern Herbal,” Grieve tells us: “In herbal treatment, an infusion of this plant is still considered very useful in arresting haemorrhages and is employed in coughs and spitting of blood in incipient consumption and also in some biliary disorders. “In its action, it rather resembles digitalis, lowering the pulse and Lessoning its frequency; it allays irritation and cough, and equalizes the circulation and has been termed ‘one of the mildest and best narcotics in the world.” It is used at times for the bad after effects of drinking. Culpepper makes great claims for it: “It is wonderful in curing all ulcers and sores, gangrenes and fistulas,” the green leaves being preferred in these cases. The last to be learned in this course of lessons, on heart conditions, will be the old standard, “Lily of the Valley,” used since time immemorial in the treatment of heart complaints. Never is there a book published on Herbs without mentioning the wonderful -82-

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virtues of this most marvelous botanical. LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY: Latin name, Convallaria magalis (Linn.). COMMON NAME: May lily, convallaria, our lady’s tears, convalllily, lily constancy, ladder-to-heaven, Jacob’s ladder, male lily. NATURAL ORDER: Liliacea. PARTS USED: Flowers, leaves, whole Herb. HABITAT: A native of Europe, distributed over North America, Northern Asia, England and Scotland. USES: A cardiac tonic and diuretic, closely resembling digitalis, although less powerful, strongly recommended in valvular heart disease, cardiac debility, and dropsy. It slows the disturbed action of a weak, irritated heart while, at the same time, increasing its power. A perfectly safe remedy. No harm has been known to occur from taking it in full and frequent doses, it being much more preferable in this respect to digitalis, which is apt to accumulate in the blood with poisonous results. FORMULA NO. 31: Infusion of Lily-of-the-Valley. ½ oz. Lily-of-the-Valley Herb (cut) 1 pint distilled water. Place the Herb in water; bring to boiling point; simmer 5 minutes; cool, strain and keep in cool place. Take in tablespoonful doses. Children, in proportion to age. Where there are no symptoms of diabetes, most of these formulas may be made more palatable by adding brown sugar or honey and, in case of the formula’s being kept sometime, from 1 to 2 ounces of best grade glycerine may be added to a 16-ounce infusion. -83-

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Page 7 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN LESSON #11

(1) Calcium chloride. (2) Motherwort. (3) Leonura Cardiaca. (4) Motherwort. (5) Motherwort. (6) Weak and nervous heart, endocarditis, pericarditis, intermittent pulse, spasms, fits, epilepsy, St. Vitus’ dance, low fevers, influenza, nervous twitching, colds and chills. QUESTIONS ON LESSON #12 (1) What Herbs are best to use in rapid and feeble heart action? (2) Give their Latin names. (3) What common Herb did the English discover, which proves very beneficial in chronic heart disease? (4) What Herb were you cautioned not to underestimate the value of in this Lesson? (5) What Herb or Herbs would you use to relieve pain in Chronic hypertrophy of the heart, or to prolong the use of a narcotic? (6) What Herbs are preferred to digitalis? Why? -84-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #13 Since there are only eight more Lessons in this course, we feel the student should have as much information as possible covering the various uses of Herbs, in order to obtain the desired results in his practice. We shall, therefore, give a list of those most important botanicals, together with some very valuable formulas with each lesson. This will better prepare the student for the more advanced course, which will follow immediately upon the completion of these twenty lessons. We will give you the ingredients of a fine anthelmintic or vermifuge (intestinal and seat worm destroyer), taking each Herb in its turn; then, we will incorporate them all into a single formula. TANSY: Latin name, Tanacetum Vulgare (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Compositae. PART USED: Herb. COMMON NAME: Buttons. HABITAT: Widely spread over Europe and the United States. THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES: Anthelmintic, tonic, stimulant, emmenagogue. Tansy is largely used for expelling worms in children. FORMULA NO. 32: Infusion of Tansy. 1 oz. Tansy Herb (cut) 16 ozs. distilled water Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the Herb. Cover and keep in a hot place to steep 10 minutes. Strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. -85-

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DOSE: ½ to 1 teacupful night and morning, fasting during the time. This may be repeated with safety. In small children, reduce dose according to age. Tansy has many medicinal properties and is used in cases of hysteria and kidney weakness. The infusion may be taken in wine-glassful doses, repeated frequently. It forms an excellent and safe emmenagogue and is of good service in low forms of fever, in ague and hysterial, nervous affections. As a diaphoretic and nervine, it is also useful. In moderate doses, the plant and its essential oils are stomachic and cordial, being anti-flatulent and serving to allay spasms. In large doses, it becomes a violent irritant and induces venous congestion of the abdominal organs. For the above-mentioned ailments, it has been used since the time of Tusser in 1577 and was one of the native plants dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Mixed with elder leaves, it is very effectual in keeping away flies. It is wonderful in the treatment of gout (preferably the green Herb) with fasting during the treatment. All of the old English herbalists mention its use for this purpose. Next, in order, is our common Wormwood. Three kinds are mentioned in English, German and Chinese writings - Wormwood common, Wormwood Roman and Wormwood Sea. The one used in this formula is the common Wormwood. WORMWOOD, COMMON: Latin name, Artemisia Absinthium (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Compositae. PARTS USED: Whole Herb HABITAT: Europe, Siberia, and the United States. COMMON NAMES: Green ginger, old woman, Ajenjo. -86-

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ACTION: Tonic, stomachic, febrifuge, anthelmintic. USES: Enfeebled digestion and debility. Excellent to expel worms. Ancient bocks mention its use to counteract poisoning by hemlock, toadstools and the bite of the sea dragon. The green leaves are used as antiseptic fomentations; also used in falling sickness (epilepsy). Wormwood tea for melancholy, yellow jaundice and dropsy is of great value. From Grieve’s Herbal, we quote, “The flowers dried and powdered, are most effectual as a vermifuge, and considered as excellent in agues, xxx excellent for persons of highly nervous temperament.” FORMULA NO. 33: Infusion of Wormwood. 1 oz. Wormwood Herb (cut) 1 pint distilled water. Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the Herb; steep 10 to 12 minutes; cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: Adults, a wineglassful 3 times a day before meals. Children, 1 teaspoonful to a wineglassful 3 times a day, according to age. Our next botanical is Wormseed, Levant, an Herb used as a Vermifuge for expelling round worms. Mentioned by Tragus in Brunfels’ Herbal, in 1531, imported to Italy, and mentioned as having its most positive effect upon round worms, with less effect upon tape worms or thread worms. Also claimed to be one of the oldest and most common anthelmintics, especially for children. WORMSEED, LEVANT: Latin name, Artemesia Cina (Berg). NATURAL ORDER: Compositae. -87-

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PARTS USED: Unexpanded flower buds. HABITAT: Russia, Siberia, Turkestan, and Chinese Mongolia. COMMON NAMES: Santonica, Semen Ginæ, Semen Sanctum, Semen contra, Vermes, Semen Santonici, Artemisia Letcheana, Kar. and Kir., Artemisia Maritime, Var., pauciflora, Web., Stechmanniana, Bess., A. chamaemelifolia, Vill. USES: To expel round worms. An old herbal tells us, “In domestic practice, the seeds or buds are used, powdered, combined with honey or molasses, the dose being 10 to 30 grains, night and morning.” FORMULA NO. 34: Infusion of Wormseed, Levant. ½ oz. Wormseed, Levant, seeds or unexpanded flower buds. 1 pint distilled water. Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the Herb. Cover and put in a hot place to steep for 5 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: Adults, 1 tablespoonful to wineglassful morning and night. Children, 1 teaspoonful to a wineglassful morning and night. Wormseed, Levant contains Santonin and is very bitter if given in infusion, unless mixed with other Herbs. We prefer to use it in its powdered form. The last Herb in this formula is Chamomile, German. There are several kinds, but the one used here is the German Chamomile. CHAMOMILE, GERMAN: Latin name, Matricaria Chamomilla (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Compositae. PARTS USED: Flowers. HABITAT: Europe, North Africa, and the temperate regions of Asia, growing wild in Great Britain. -88-

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ACTION: Carminative, sedative, tonic. An excellent remedy for children’s ailments, a nerve sedative, and a tonic to the gastrointestinal tract. Used during dentition, in cases of earache, neuralgic pains, stomach disorders, and infantile convulsions. FORMULA NO. 35: Infusion of German Chamomile ½ oz. German Chamomile flowers 16 ozs. distilled water Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the flowers; allow to stand until cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. Use granite vessel and keep lid on while infusing. DOSE: For children, 1 teaspoonful in frequent doses, if desired. Adults: 1 tablespoonful to 1 wineglassful. When the above mentioned Herbs are compounded, they serve as a very good anthelmintic or vermifuge, especially in children, and equally as good results in adults, except that we increase the dose. FORMULA NO. 36: Infusion ½ oz. Tansy Herb ½ oz. Wormwood Herb ½ oz. Wormseed, Levant, buds ½ oz. Chamomile flowers 1 quart distilled water Boil the water and, when boiling, pour over the Herbs. Allow to simmer 2 or 3 minutes, cool, strain and bottle. Keep in a cool place. (Always use granite ware vessels when steeping Herbs). DOSE: Children: 1 teaspoonful to a tablespoonful twice daily. Adults: 1 tablespoonful to a wineglassful twice daily. -89-

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This infusion may be sweetened with molasses, honey or brown sugar, if found too bitter. Below is an excellent formula, to be used in powdered form, which is less trouble to prepare, and we think it gives as good results as most other formulas. FORMULA NO. 37: Pink Root Anthelmintic Powder 2 drams Pink Root Powder 2 drams Levante Wormseed Powder 6 grains Santonine Powder l½ grains Mandrake Root Powder Mix well and divide into 12 powders. DIRECTIONS: Children, 1 powder 3 or 4 times a day, mixed with honey, molasses, or jelly; until all powders are taken. This treatment should be repeated within a week or so in order to destroy young worms, before they mature, which possibly have hatched from eggs left in the intestines. To relieve the itching in rectum, injections with warm water in which garlic or onions have been crushed, is very beneficial. The outside of the rectum should always be kept clean by washing with soap and water. As worms sometimes migrate to the sexual organs, itching in these parts nay indicate their presence. The injection mentioned above should also be extended to these organs. Below, we will give you the names of other anthelmintics, some of which are equally as effective as those we have mentioned: BEARS PAW ROOT JERUSALEM OAK FLOWERS KOUSSO FLOWERS MANDRAKE ROOT POMEGRANATE BARK

GARLIC CLOVES KAMALA MALE FERN ROOT PINK ROOT PUMPKIN SEEDS -90-

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You will note that, in Formula No. 37, we have included Mandrake Root. If a good laxative, such as Mandrake, Cascara Sagrada, Indian Senna leaves, etc., are used, it obviates the necessity of the usual dose of castor oil which children so much dislike. In using the above Herbs and formulas, one should use good judgment not to overdose the patient. Follow your instructions in these lessons, as the doses given are safe and reliable. TAPEWORM In order that we may be properly prepared to treat patients that have tapeworm, we are giving you a very much-used formula, which has been given in our practice for years with satisfactory results. FORMULA No. 38: 60 grains Bear’s Paw Root Powder l½ “ Mandrake Root Powder 4 “ Jalap Root Powder 12 drops Broom pine oil Mix well and fill into 6 capsules, equally divided. DIRECTIONS: Take 1 capsule every 10 minutes until all are taken. Examine stools closely and do not forget the thinnest part bears the head. Doctors generally let the patient fast for a day or two before taking tapeworm remedies, but this is unnecessary, because the worm, being a parasite, cannot be starved. This only makes the patient feel weak and nauseated, and when he finally takes the medicine on a starved stomach, he may throw it up. A far better way, from our experience, is to advise the patient to eat, for a day or so, foods the tapeworm dislikes, such as onions, garlic, pickles and salted fish. This weakens the worm and tends to loosen his grip, so that when the medicine is taken, it acts upon the tapeworm and causes it to be expelled more easily. -91-

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Our next Lesson will be made up of antilithics (medicines preventing formation of gravel and stones) and some of these Herbs are claimed to dissolve hard, calcareous deposits already established in the kidneys, bladder, gall bladder, etc. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ASKED IN LESSON #12 (1) Hawthorn berries. (2) Cratægus Oxyacantha (Linn.). (3) Asparagus. (4) Asparagus. (5) Bugleweed Herb. (6) Lily-of-the-Valley and Bugleweed, because they may be taken in frequent doses, without the danger of their accumulating in the blood with poisonous results. QUESTIONS ON LESSON #13 (1) What is the result of too large doses of Tansy? (2) What Herb counteracts poisoning from Hemlock and toadstools? (3) Write from memory the formula for Wormwood, including dosage, etc. (4) What Herb has its most positive effect upon round worms? (5) What other therapeutic value has Chamomile besides being a worm expeller for children? (6) Why was Mandrake Root added to Formula No. 37? (7) Is the Tapeworm a parasite, and is it easily starved out? -92-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #14 ANTILITHICS is an important subject, as you know, and one with which every herbalist should be thoroughly familiar. There is seldom a day that the doctor is not confronted with a bad case of kidney, bladder or gall stones to treat. These calcareous deposits cause great suffering, and operations to bring about relief are rarely successful. The herbalist, who knows his Herbs well, is usually unfailing in bringing about relief, with no adhesions, etc., as an after result. We have known many cases where stones as large as a marble have completely disappeared in six weeks’ treatment, and the formula used will be given you in this lesson. PICHI TOPS: Latin name, Fabiana Imbricata (Rutz and Paron). PARTS USED: Leaves, twigs, dried. NATURAL ORDER: Solanceae. COMMON NAME: Fabiana. HABITAT: Chile, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentine Republic. MEDICINAL ACTION: Apart from being an excellent remedy for the dissolution of stones, this Herb will be found useful as tonic, cholagogue, a valuable terebintic (turpentime), diuretic, largely used in acute vesical catarrh, giving very favorable results where urinary irritation is caused by gravel. It is said to ease the irritability and assist in the, expulsion of renal, urethral or cystic calculi, and is very useful in the treatment of jaundice and dyspepsia, due to lack of biliary secretion. This herb is, however, contraindicated in organic disease of the kidneys, although -93-

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cases of renal hemorrhage from Bright’s disease have been greatly benefitted by its use. It has been used, also, for gonorrhea and gonorrhoeal prostatitis. FORMULA NO. 39: Infusion of Pichi Tops. 1 oz. Pichi Tops (leaves or twigs), cut 16 ozs. distilled water Put the Herb into the water and allow to stand one hour. Bring to a boil and simmer 10 minutes, closely covered. Strain and cool. Bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 wineglassful every 4 hours. NOTE: Honey added to this infusion, after straining, makes it more agreeable to the taste. Another Herb, very beneficial and effective, in gravel and calculous deposits, is the Gravel Root (Queen of the Meadow). This should not be confused with Gravel Plant, as they are not the same. Gravel Plant acts only on affections of the bladder and urinary organs and not specifically upon calculi; in other words, its action is similar to Buchu and Uva-Ursi. Gravel Root and Gravel Leaves are used the same, except the root is more potent, and the dose of the root is 30 grains, while that of the leaves is 60 grains. Gravel Root is also called Purple Boneset, and I advise you not to confuse Purple Boneset with our common Boneset. They, also, are different Herbs. If you follow the Latin name, when in doubt, you will make no errors; in fact, you should know the Latin names of every one of these plants -94-

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as well as you know their common names, and be able to tell their synonyms. GRAVEL ROOT: Latin name, Eupatorium purpureum (Linn). NATURAL ORDER: Compositae. PARTS USED: Root or leaves. SYNONYMS: Trumpet-weed, Gravelweed, Joe-Pye Weed, Jopi Weed, Queenof-the-Meadow Root, Purple Boneset, Eupatorium purpureum,trifoliatum and maculatum, Eupatorium Verticillatum, Eupatorium ternifolium, Hempweed. HABITAT: Indigenous to North America, and is common from Canada to Florida, growing in swampy and rich, low grounds, where it blossoms throughout the summer months. MEDICINAL ACTION: Diuretic, nervine. Formerly the use of purpleflowered Boneset was very similar to that of the ordinary Boneset. It is especially valuable as a diuretic and stimulant as well as an astringent tonic, and is considered a valuable remedy in dropsy, strangury, gravel, hematuria, gout and rheumatism, exerting a special influence upon chronic renal and cystic troubles. FORMULA NO. 40: Infusion of Gravel Root. 1 oz. Gravel Root (cut) 16 ozs. distilled water. Put the root into the water and allow to stand for 2 hours. Bring to a boil and simmer 20 minutes. Cool and strain, bottle and keep in a cool place. If it is to be kept long, add 2 ounces pure glycerine to the infusion, after straining, and while still hot. -95-

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DOSE: 1 tablespoonful to a wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day. Children, 1 teaspoonful to 1 wineglassful, 3 times a day, according to age. A formula for stony deposits is seldom made without this botanical making its appearance therein. One of the most beautiful botanicals, rarely thought of by laymen, is one of our most virtuous plants in the treatment of calculous deposits. This plant is not so much noted for its ability to reduce or dissolve stones as it is to expel them from their location. The name is Hydrangea. HYDRANGEA: Latin name, Hydrangea arborescens (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Saxifragaceæ. SYNONYMS: Wild Hydrangea, Seven Barks, Hydrangea Vulgaris, Common Hydrangea. PARTS USED: Dried rhizome, roots. HABITAT: The United States of America. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Diuretic, cathartic, tonic. The decoction is said to have been used with great advantage by the Cherokee Indians and, later, by the settlers, for calculous accumulations. It does not cure stone in the bladder but, as demonstrated to the medical profession by Dr. S. W. Butler, of Burlington, New Jersey, it removes gravelly deposits and relieves the pain consequent on their emission. As many as one hundred and twenty calculi have been known to come from one person under its use. The fluid extract is principally used for earthy deposits, alkaline urine, chronic gleet, and mucous irritation of the bladder in aged -96-

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persons. A concentrated syrup with brown sugar or honey, or a simple decoction of the root, may also be used. In overdoses, it will cause vertigo, oppressions of the chest, etc. The leaves are tonic, cathartic, diuretic and silagogue. The dose of the fluid extract is 30 to 75 drops, while that of the syrup is 1 teaspoonful 3 times a day. FORMULA NO. 4l: Decoction of Hydrangea. 2 oz. Hydrangea root, cut 1 quart distilled water. Put the root into the water and allow to stand 2 hours. Bring to the boil; simmer for 30 minutes. Strain, and return the liquor to the vessel. Reduce to 1 pint; add 4 ounces pure glycerine. Allow to cool, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: Adults, 1 tablespoonful in an equal amount of water 3 or 4 times a day. Children, 1 teaspoonful or more, according to age. May be given in honey water, if desired. Since we will need an Herb that will act as a good astringent, to assist in cases of hemorrhage, such a botanical should be given here, that it may be incorporated into our antilithic formula. We will take one of the best, an Herb used for centuries for this purpose, the European Golden Rod. GOLDEN ROD: Latin name, Solidago Virgaurea (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Conpositae. SYNONYMS: Verge d’Or; Solidago, Goldruthe, Woundwort, Aaron’s Rod. -97-

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PART USED: Leaves. HABITAT: Europe, including Great Britain, Central Asia, North America. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Aromatic, carminative, stimulant. Grieve’s Herbal says: “Golden Rod is an ingredient in the Swiss Vulnerary, faltrank. It is astringent and diuretic, and efficacious for stone in the bladder. It is recorded that in 1788 a boy of ten, after taking the infusion for some months, passed quantities of gravel, fifteen large stones weighing up to l¼ ounces, and fifty over the size of a pea. It allays sickness due to weak digestion. “In powder it is used for cicatrization of old ulcers. It has been recommended in many maladies, as it is a good diaphoretic in warm infusion and is, in this form, also helpful in dysmenorrhoea and amenorrhoea. As a spray and given internally, it is of great value in diphtheria.” Used in urinary obstruction, especially when calculi causes bleeding, it is very valuable. FORMULA NO. 42: Infusion of Golden Rod. 1 oz. Golden Rod Leaves, cut 1 pint distilled water. Put the Herb into the cold water and allow to stand 2 hours; bring to a boil, simmer 20 minutes, strain and cool. Bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 wineglassful every 3 to 4 hours. Next, in such a formula as we are contemplating, must be an Herb that will give tone to the urinary organs. We select our well-known Bearberry, also called Uva-Ursi. BEARBERRY: Latin name, Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi (Sprang). -98-

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NATURAL ORDER: Eircaceae. SYNONYMS: Arbutus Uva-Ursi, Uva Ursi, Upland Cranberry, Universe Vine, Mountain Cranberry, Mountain box, Bear’s Grape, Wild Cranberry, Kinnikinnick, Mealberry, Sagackhomi. PART USED: The leaves. MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND ACTION: Diuretic, astringent, tonic and nephritic. In consequence of the powerful astringency of the leaves, Bearberry has a place not only in all the old herbals, but also in the modern Pharmacopeia. Records show it was used in the thirteenth century by the Welsh “Physicians of Myddfai.”It was described by Clusius in 1601 and recommended for medicinal use in 1763 by Gerhard of Berlin, and others. It appears in the London Pharmacopeia in 1788 and doubtless was used there long before. The name, Arbutus, is often substituted for Bearberry in olden works. The usual form of administration is in the form of an infusion, which has a soothing as well as an astringent effect, and marked diuretic action. It is of great value in diseases of the bladder and kidneys, strengthening and imparting tone to the urinary passages. There is an antiseptic effect set up by its use upon the urinary mucus membrane. Bearberry leaves are, therefore, used in inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract, urethritis, cystitis, etc. FORMULA NO. 43: Infusion of Bearberry Leaves. 1 oz. Bearberry Leaves, cut 16 ozs. distilled water. Boil the water, and while boiling, pour over the leaves. Cover and steep 10 minutes. Strain, cool, and bottle in -99-

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a clean receptacle. Keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day before meals. Children, in proportion to age. Now, we need something for inflammation of the mucus membrane, and we select Shave Grass, as its constituents are practically everything we could ask for in the following complete formula. SHAVE GRASS: Latin name, Equisetum arvense (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Equisetaceae. COMMON NAMES: Horsetails, Horsetail grass, Pewterwort, Dutch Rushes, Paddock-pipes, Bottle-brush. PART USED: Herb. HABITAT: Great Britain, Sweden, Australia. MEDICINAL USES AND ACTION: Diuretic and astringent, beneficial in dropsy, gravel and kidney affections generally. A dram of the dried, powdered Herb, taken 3 or 4 times a day, has proved very effectual in spitting of blood. The ashes of this plant are valuable in acidity of the stomach, dyspepsia, etc., administered in 10 to 20 grain doses. In the treatment of cystic ulcerations and ulcers of the urinary passages, hemorrhage, etc., it is one of the best. It acts well as an emmenagogue, being cooling and astringent. The decoction applied externally will stop bleeding and assist in quick healing. Use it to reduce swelling of the eyelids. Culpepper quotes Galen in saying it will heal sinews, “though they be cut in sunder,” and speaks of it highly in bleeding at the nose, a use to which it is still put by the people of our country. -100-

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Culpepper says it will cure vile ulcers inward, and heal ruptures in children. FORMULA NO. 44: Infusion of Shave Grass. 1 oz. Shave Grass (cut) 1 pint distilled water. Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the Herb. Cover and steep 15 minutes. Strain, cool, and bottle. Keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 tablespoonful to a wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day. Children, in proportion to age. Now that we have learned the use of each individual Herb, let us proceed to incorporate them into one of the best formulas we know: FORMULA NO. 45: Antilithiic Compound (Infusion) 6 drams Pichi Tops, cut 4 “ Gravel Root, cut 10 “ Hydrangea Root, cut 4 “ European Golden Rod leaves, cut 4 “ Bearberry leaves, cut 2 “ Shave Grass Herb, cut DIRECTIONS FOR TEA: Mix well and divide into 20 doses, using Herbs especially cut for tea. Add 1 dose to 3 cups boiling water, cover, boil slowly 2 or 3 minutes. Allow to cool, strain, take a cupful morning, noon and night, either before or after meals. If boiling water is not available, use hot water and let stand one-half hour. It may be sweetened with rock candy, molasses or honey. The above formula may be made up in powdered form as follows: Divide 1 dose into 3 parts, taking ⅓ morning, noon and night, before or after meals. May be taken in honey or molasses -101-

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Use a single 0 capsule if put up in capsule form. To be taken with a large glass of medium hot water. The Herbs used in this formula are favorably known for their power gradually to dissolve and remove calcareous deposits from the urinary tract and other organs of the body, and to relieve inflammation. They are, therefore, highly recommended in stones and gravel in the kidneys, bladder and gall bladder. Our next Lesson will fortify you with information on Herbs and an herbal compound that is being used daily by the writer with excellent success. The ingredients have carried on their good work for thousands of years, and I do not know how we could get along without them today in the treatment of bronchial congestion, pectoral (chest) diseases, and respiratory conditions of all kinds. A formula once used, you will always use. -102-

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(1) It becomes a violent irritant and induces venous congestion of the abdominal organs. (2) Wormwood, common. (3) 1 oz. Wormwood Herb, cut, to 1 pint distilled water. Dose, Adults, 1 wine glassful 3 times a day before meals. Children, a teaspoonful to a wineglassful 3 times a day. (4) Wormseed, Levant. (5) A nerve sedative, a tonic to the gastro-intestinal tract for earache, neuralgic pains, and infantile convulsions. (6) It is a parasite; not easily starved out. QUESTIONS ON LESSON #14 (1) Who gave the Latin name, Fabiana Imbricata, to the Pichi Herb? (2) What Herb mentioned in this Lesson acts more specifically upon the bladder and urinary organs than on the calcareous deposits? (3) What Herb always makes its appearance in formulas used to dissolve stone and gravel? (4) What Herb in this Lesson seems to be most excellent in removing calculi? (5) What Herb is mentioned as very useful in case of hemorrhage, as an astringent? (6) What Herb gives tone to the urinary organs? -103-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #15 Pectoral (chest) ailments are as important as many others, and we would not be considered of much value to the public if we did not knew what to do for a case of pneumonia, flu (influenza), common cold, fevers, etc., brought on by exposure or otherwise. In fact, any of the chest ailments, common to us all, can be treated by the herbalist with perfect results, even if he knows the use of but a few Herbs, so long as he knows the right ones, and this is not hard to learn. The Herbal Formula, the study of which we are about to undertake, has been used for many years, to our own knowledge, with gratifying results; in fact, it is seldom that you will have reason to add to or take from this formula. As has been done in the past, we will teach you the use of each individual Herb, in order that you may knew of uses to which the same Herb may be put, in the treatment of other conditions. Also, you will the more appreciate the many virtues of our botanicals. To begin with, we need something to stimulate the respiratory organs, so we select what we, Californians, consider the best of all botanicals for this purpose, Yerba Santa. YERBA SANTA: Latin name, Eriodictyon glutinosum (Benth.) NATURAL ORDER: Eriodictyon Californicum (Hook, and Am.) PART USED: Leaves. SYNONYMS: Eriodictyon, Mountain Balm, Bear’s Weed, Consumptive’s Weed, Gum Bush, Holy or Sacred Herb. HABITAT: California, Northern Mexico. -104-

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MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Recommended for bronchial and laryngeal troubles, and in pulmonary affections; in the treatment of asthma and hay fever, often used in combination with Grindelia Robusta; likewise, advised for hemorrhoids and chronic catarrh of the bladder. It is much used in California as a bitter tonic, and a stimulating balsamic expectorant, and is a most useful vehicle to disguise the unpleasant taste of quinine, male fern and hydrastis. In asthma, the leaves are often smoked. The aromatic syrup is the best vehicle for quinine. FORMULA NO. 46: Infusion of Yerba Santa. 1 oz. Yerba Santa Leaves, cut 16 ozs. distilled water Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the leaves. Cover and steep 10 minutes. Strain, cool, and bottle in a clean (preferably a boiled) receptacle. Keep in a cool place. DOSE: A wineglassful 3 times a day before or after meals. Next, something is needed that will allay irritation and aid expectoration. For this, we choose Wild Cherry Bark, for the reason that it is never failing for the above-mentioned purposes. WILD CHERRY: Latin name, Prunus serotina (Ehrl.). NATURAL ORDER: Rosaceae. SYNONYMS: Virginia Prune, Cerasus serotina, Lois. PART USED: Bark. HABITAT: North America, especially in the northern and central states. -105-

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MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND ACTION: Astringent, tonic, pectoral, sedative. Used in the treatment of bronchitis of various types. Is valuable in catarrh, consumption, nervous cough, whooping cough, and dyspepsia. Useful as a tonic for those convalescing from fevers, etc. FORMULA NO. 47: Infusion of Wild Cherry. 2 ozs. Wild Cherry Bark, cut 12 ozs. distilled water. Put Bark into the cold water and allow to stand 6 boil; simmer 30 minutes; strain and cool. Bottle, place. DOSE: 1 wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day. Children, in proportion to age. We now need an Herb that is known to be useful in pectoral affections and we select Irish Moss, for is very good.

hours. Bring to a and keep in a cool

old chronic this purpose, as it

IRISH MOSS: Latin name, Chondrus crispus (Stackh.). NATURAL ORDER: Algae. SYNONYMS: Carrageen, Chondrus, Carrahan. PART USED: Dried plant. HABITAT: On all shores of the North Atlantic. MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND ACTION: Demulcent, pectoral, tonic and nutritive, when deprived of its bitter principle. Excellent in chronic pulmonary troubles, catarrh, digestive disturbances, dysentery, advanced tuberculosis. Ground, it may be mixed with chocolate or cocoa. It is mentioned as being excellent in kidney -106-

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and bladder affections. FORMULA NO. 48: Decoction of Irish Moss. ½ oz. Irish Moss, cut 1 pint distilled water Put the Irish Moss into the cold water; bring to a boil, and steep slowly for 15 minutes. Then boil it in 3 pints milk or water 10 or 15 minutes, after which it may be strained and seasoned with licorice, lemon or cinnamon, and sweetened to taste. It may be taken freely. DOSE: A teacupful before or after meals. Children, a wineglassful before or after meals. In a formula as important as this, we will add a well-known expectorant, on account of the anticipated mucus which accompanies most chest disturbances. Cascarilla (Sweetwood) is one of the best. (Do not use cascara in this formula, as it is not the same Herb, its action being very different). CASCARILLA: Latin name, Croton Eleuteria (J. Benn.). NATURAL ORDER: Euphorbiaceæ. SYNONYMS: Sweetwood, Sweet Bark, Bahama Cascarilla, Elutheria, Cascarilla Cortex, Cortex Thuris, Aromatic Quinquina, False Quinquina. PART USED: The dried bark. HABITAT: The Bahama Islands. MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES: Aromatic, bitter tonic, with possibly narcotic properties. It is used in dyspepsia, intermittent and low fevers, diarrhoea and dysentery. It is a -107-

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stimulant to mucus membranes, and in chronic bronchitis is used as an excellent expectorant, while it is valuable in dyspepsia, flatulence, chronic diarrhoea, nocturnal pollutions, debility and convalescence. If added to Cinchona, it will arrest vomiting often caused by that Herb. FORMULA NO. 49: Infusion of Cascarilla Bark. 1 oz. Cascarilla Bark, cut 1 pint distilled water Put Bark into the cold water and allow to stand 4 hours; bring to a boil; simmer for 30 minutes. Strain and cool. Add molasses or brown sugar, if desired. Keep in a cool place. DOSE: A wineglassful 3 times a day, before or after meals. The dose of the powdered Bark is 20 to 30 grains, in molasses, honey or brown sugar. We need an Herb to relieve congestion in the chest and branchial tubes. A very good botanical for this is Hyssop Herb. HYSSOP: Latin name, Hyssopus officinalis (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Labiatæ. SYNONYMS: There seems to be none. However, it should not be confused with Hyssop Hedge, which is not the same Herb. PART USED: Herb. HABITAT: Native of Southern Europe, not indigenous to Great Britain. MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES: Expectorant, diaphoretic, stimulant, pectoral, carminative. The healing virtues of the plant are due to a particular volatile oil which is stimulative, -108-

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carminative and sudorific. It admirably promotes expectoration and, in chronic catarrh, its diaphoretic and stimulant properties combine to render it of special value. It is usually given in warm infusion, taken frequently, and mixed with horehound. Hyssop tea is also a grateful drink, well adapted to improve the tone of a feeble stomach, being brewed with the green tops of the Herb, which are sometimes boiled in soup to be given for asthma. An infusion of the leaves is used externally for the relief of muscular rheumatism, and also for bruises and discolored contusions. The green Herb, bruised and applied, makes cuts heal promptly. The infusion has been used since time immemorial in pulmonary diseases. FORMULA NO. 50: Infusion of Hyssop. 1 oz. Hyssop Herb, cut 16 ozs. distilled water Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the Herb. Let steep on low fire for 10 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. Honey or brown sugar will improve the taste. DOSE: A wineglassful taken frequently. As often as every hour is perfectly safe. Children, according to age. In making up a formula of any kind, we often use more than one Herb intended for some specific part of the treatment. In this case, we are adding a second Herb to cover chronic cases. We seldom use more than two, possibly three. Our next choice will be Elecampane Root, considered by some herbalists as a -109-

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specific for consumption and pulmonary disorders. ELECAMPANE: Latin name, Inulin Helenium (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Compositæ. SYNONYM: Scabwort, Elf Dock, Wild Sunflower, Horseheal, Velvet Dock, Aunce (Fr.), Alantwurzel (German), Marchalan (Welsh), Elf-Doc (Denmark). PART USED: Root. HABITAT: England, Central Europe, from Gothland southward and eastward, in Asia as far as southern Siberia and northwest India, also in the eastern part of the United States. MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND ACTION: Diuretic, tonic, diaphoretic, expectorant, alterative, antiseptic, astringent and gently stimulant. This Herb has a history, dating as far back as the seventh century, and mentioned in herbal lore by Pliny and Dioscorides. It is frequently mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon writings on Medicine, current in England, prior to the Norman Conquest; it is also the “Marchalan” of the Welsh physicians of the thirteenth century and was generally known during the Middle Ages. Elecampane is the richest source of Inulin. It was employed by the ancients in certain diseases of women, also in phthisis, in dropsy and in skin affections. In the treatment of coughs, asthma, bronchitis and all pulmonary complaints, sore claim it has no equal. Old chronic diseases of the lungs and chest respond to its use promptly. Acute catarrhal affections are greatly relieved by it; also, dyspepsia, when given in small, often-repeated doses. -110-

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Elecampane is seldom given alone, being preferred in compounds with medicines of a similar nature. It is peculiarly destructive to the tubercle bacillus. Dose of the powdered root is ½ to 1 dram, 3 times a day. It has a peculiar poison-resisting ability, and is efficacious in snake bites. The powder is best used mixed in molasses, brown sugar or syrups, or made into candy. The Herb, chewed, is said to have a tendency to preserve teeth from putrefaction. It heals putrid sores and cankers, when applied externally, and will cleanse the skin and face of rash. FORMULA NO. 51: Decoction of Elecampane 1 oz. Elecampane Root, cut l½ pints distilled water Put the Root into the water; let stand 2 hours. Bring to a boil; simmer 30 minutes. Strain and return liquor to the vessel. Slowly boil down to ¾ pint. Add 2 ozs. pure glycerine, or, if to be used soon; molasses, brown sugar or honey may be used. Allow to cool; bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: A wine glassful every 4 hours. Children, according to age. Now, we need an Herb that will relax the system and stimulate the respiratory center. ASTHMA WEED (Euphorbia) is our choice. Do not confuse Euphorbia Herb (which comes from India) with Euphorbium, as Euphorbium is a drastic purgative. Euphorbia should be purchased under the common name of “Queensland Asthma Weed,” as some of the species of this plant are very dangerous, even to handle. However, properly -111-

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used, it seems to have net with the approval of herbalists in many parts of the world in the treatment of coughs, bronchial and pulmonary disorders, but more especially for the prompt relief it affords in paroxysmal asthma, and subacute and chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract. Toxic doses have killed snail animals, however, through failure of respiration. It is considered of great value in asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysemia. ASTHMA WEED: Latin name, Euphorbia Pilulifera (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Euphorbiaceae. SYNONYMS: Euphorbia, Cat’s hair. PART USED: Herb. HABITAT: India. MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND ACTION: Anti-asthmatic, pectoral. A remedy for coughs, bronchial and pulmonary disorders, to relax the system and stimulate the respiratory center; as a prompt relief in paroxysmal asthma. FORMULA NO. 52: Infusion of Asthma Weed ½ oz. Asthma Weed, cut 1 pint distilled water Heat the water and pour over the Herb. Allow to steep for 3 minutes. Cool and strain. Bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 tablespoonful every 4 hours. Children, in proportion to age. A good aromatic is needed to complete this formula and, since we know of an Herb which is both an aromatic and an expectorant of value, naturally, we choose such a botanical, as it fits well -112-

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into this compound. ANISEED: Latin name, Pimpinella Anisum (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Umbelliferae. SYNONYM: Anise. PART USED: The seed. HABITAT: Native of Egypt, Greece, Crete, and Asia Minor, cultivated in Central Europe. MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND ACTION: Aromatic, carminative and pectoral. Used in cough medicines and lozenges. In hard, dry coughs and pectoral affections, it enjoys considerable reputation, especially where expectoration is difficult. In infantile catarrh, aniseed tea is very helpful. The stimulant and carminative properties of anise make it useful in flatulency and colic. It diminishes the griping of purgative medicines, and may be given with perfect safety in convulsions. FORMULA NO. 53: Infusion of Aniseed. 4 ozs. Aniseed, cut or bruised 1 pint distilled water Boil the water and pour over the seed; let steep 2 or 3 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 to 4 tablespoonsful as desired. Children, 1 to 3 teaspoonsful, sweetened with honey, brown sugar or molasses, given often, especially in catarrhal conditions. The following combination of Herbs forms a very excellent -113-

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medicine in the treatment of all pulmonary, chest, bronchial and catarrhal affections: FORMULA NO. 54: Yerba Santa Leaves, cut 2½ Drachms Wild Cherry Bark, “ 4 “ Irish Moss, “ 2 “ Cascarilla Bark, “ 9 “ Hyssop Herb, “ 2 “ Elecampane Root, “ 6 “ Asthma Weed, “ ½ “ Aniseed, “ 2 “ Mix well and divide into 20 doses, using Herbs especially cut for tea. Add 1 dose to 3 cups boiling water. Cover and allow to simmer 3 or 4 minutes. Let stand 10 minutes. Cool and strain. Bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 cupful before or after meals, and at night, upon retiring. Honey, rock candy, brown sugar or molasses improves the taste. Our next Lesson will be on the treatment of liver and gall bladder or jaundice conditions, and will contain an excellent formula for this purpose. -114-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #16 LIVER AND GALL BLADDER TROUBLES confront the doctor as often as any other disease, and we wish to give you a formula which gets results on a par with the best of them. We have used it in our practice for many years, with good success, and see no reason for changing it. As a powder, put up in capsules, it is easy to take, and does away with the necessity of preparing the infusion. First, we need something for congestion of the liver, and select Fringetree. FRINGETREE: Latin name, Chionanthus Virginica (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Oleaceae. SYNONYMS: Old-Man’s-Beard, Snowdrop Tree, Poison Ash. PART USED: Bark of the root. HABITAT: The United States from Pennsylvania to Tennessee. MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES: Aperient, diuretic. Some authorities regard it as tonic and slightly narcotic. It is used in typhoid, intermittent, or bilious fevers and, externally, as a poultice for inflammation or wounds. Very useful in hepatic complaints, as it relieves congestion of the liver. In these formulas, we are using the powdered extract or, if desired, the powdered material. The powdered extract of Herb is usually from one to three times as potent as the ordinary powdered Herb. FORMULA NO. 55: Infusion of Fringetree 1 oz. Fringetree, Bark of Root, cut 1 pint distilled water -115-

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Put the root into the water and allow to stand 2 hours. Bring to a boil, simmer 30 minutes. Strain, cool, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: A tablespoonful to a wineglassful every 4 hours. Children, according to age. Naturally, with such conditions, we need a stimulant to the liver action, and a very good Herb to activate the liver is Wahoo. WAHOO: Latin name, Euonymus atropurpurous, Jacq. NATURAL ORDER: Celastraceae. SYNONYMS: Indian arrowwood, Burning Bush, Spindle Tree, Pigwood. PARTS USED: Root, Bark, Berries. HABITAT: Southern Europe, Japan, Great Britain, Eastern United States. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Tonic, alterative, cholagogue, laxative and hepatic stimulant. In small doses, it stimulates the appetite and the flow of gastric juice. In larger doses, it is irritant to the intestines and is cathartic. It has slight diuretic and expectorant effects, but its’ best use is as a purgative in cases of constipation, in which the liver is disordered, and for which it is particularly efficacious. It is especially valuable in liver disorders, which follow or accompany fever. It is mildly aperient in cases of nausea, at the same time stimulating the liver somewhat freely, and promoting a free flow of bile. Its action is mild and non-irritant. -116-

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FORMULA NO. 56: Infusion of Wahoo. 1 oz. Wahoo Root-Bark, cut 1 pint distilled water Put the root-bark into the water and let stand 2 hours; bring to a boil, sinner 20 minutes, strain and cool. Bottle and keep in a cool place. If to be kept long, add 4 ozs. glycerine. DOSE: A small wineglassful, cold, 2 or 3 times a day. Of the powdered root, ½ to 1 drachm. We need some botanical to increase the flow of bile, and Mandrake (American) Root will do just that, and do it well. MANDRAKE, AMERICAN: Latin name, Podophyllum peltatum (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Berberidaceæ. SYNONYMS: May apple, Racoonberry, Wild Lemon, Duck’s Foot, Hog Apple. PARTS USED: Root, resin. HABITAT: North America and Canada. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Anti-bilious, cathartic, hydragogue, purgative. Mandrake is a powerful medicine, exercising an influence on every part of the system, stimulating the glands to healthy action. Its most beneficial effect is obtained by the use of small doses, frequently given, as large ones cause violent evacuations and debility. In all chronic venereal, scrofulous and dyspeptic complaints, it is highly valuable, also in dropsy, biliousness and all liver disorders. The -117-

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preparation of the root is preferred to the resin. In congestion of the liver, it has no equal; it is employed with the greatest benefit, and for all hepatic complaints, it is eminently suitable. The beneficial results can hardly be exaggerated. FORMULA NO. 57: Infusion of Mandrake, American. ½ oz. Mandrake Root, cut 1 pint distilled water Boil the water and, when boiling, pour over the root. Let simmer 10 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle and keep in a cool place. (Mandrake should be given when cold at all times). Honey, brown sugar or molasses may be added to suit the taste. DOSE: A teaspoonful to a tablespoonful every 3 or 4 hours. Children, less according to age. Dose of the powdered root, 5 to 30 grains. Another Herb to activate the liver will be used, and we select Black Root, as it acts with certainty and without griping. BLACK ROOT: Latin name, Leptandra Virginica (Nutt.). NATURAL ORDER: Scrophulariaceae. SYNONYMS: Culver’s Root, Culver’s Physic, Physic Root, Veronica Virginica, L. PART USED: Root. HABITAT: Great Britain, and the eastern part of the United States. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: The fresh root is a violent cathartic, and may also be emetic. The dried root is smaller and less certain, -118-

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Leptandrin excites the liver gently, and promotes the secretion of bile without irritating the bowel or purging. As it is also a tonic for the stomach, it is very useful in diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, cholera infantum, and torpidity of the liver. The fresh, green root is risky to use during pregnancy, as it often produces abortion. It has been stated that the dried root has been employed with success in leprosy and cachetic diseases, and in combination with cream of tartar in dropsy. It purifies the blood by removing all morbid obstructions in a mild and natural manner. It acts especially on the intestines, and is, therefore, valuable in chronic constipation and intestinal indigestion; may be advantageously combined with other medicines. FORMULA NO. 58: Infusion of Black Root. ½ oz. Black Root, cut 16 ozs. distilled water. Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the root. Cover and simmer in a hot place for 20 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 teaspoonful to a tablespoonful 3 or 4 times a day. Children, in proportion to age. Dose of the Powdered Root, 15 to 60 grains. As Poke Root acts favorably on the glandular system, we will use it in our formula, as all the glands throughout the system may well be stepped up in their activity. -119-

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POKE ROOT: Latin name, Phytolacca decandra (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Phytoloccaceae. SYNONYMS: Pigeon Berry, Garget, Poke Weed, Red-ink Plant, American Spinach, Skoke, Crowberry, Jalap, Cancer-root, American nightshade, Pokan or Cokan, Chongras, Virginia Poke, Poke Berry. PARTS USED: Dried roots, berries. HABITAT: Indigenous to North America. Common in the Mediterranean countries. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Emetic, cathartic, alterative. Poke root is considered as a valuable remedy in dyspepsia, but is mostly used in syphilitic and chronic rheumatism. It also finds use in the treatment of ulcers, ringworm, scabies, granular conjunctivitis and dysmenorrhoea. The berries are milder in action. An ointment is made in the proportion of one drachm to one ounce for skin diseases. It first causes smarting and heat. It should not be used as an emetic on account of its narcotic effect. It may be used in paralysis of the bowels. Headaches of many sources are benefitted by it. The poultice causes rapid suppuration in felons. The extract has been used for chronic rheumatism and hemorrhoids. Used internally, in cancer of the breast, it is a valuable plant. The following prescription has been recommended: Fluid Extract of Phytolacca, 2 ounces, Gentian Root, 1 oz., Dandelion Root, 1 oz., with Simple Syrup to make a pint. Given, a teaspoonful after each meal. Overdoses are dangerous and often cause death. -120-

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FORMULA NO. 59: Infusion of Poke Root. ½ oz. Poke root, cut l½ pints distilled water Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the Herb. Let steep 3 or 4 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 teaspoonful to a tablespoonful 3 times daily, before or after meals. Children, ½ to 1 teaspoonful, according to age. Then, we should not overlook a good Herb to increase peristalsis, and one that will produce copious stools. Spiked Aloe will be found efficacious, and will fit perfectly into our formula. ALOES: Latin name, Aloe Perryi (J. G. Baker), Aloe vera (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Liliaceae. COMMON NAME: Spiked Aloes or Cape Aloes, called also Socotrine Aloes. PART USED: The leaves. HABITAT: Aloes are indigenous to East and South Africa, but have been introduced into the West Indies and the Mediterranean countries. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Emmenagogue, purgative, anthelmintic, used in constipation, dyspepsia, menstrual suppressions and piles. It is generally given in pill form, combined with anodynes and carminatives, also in liquid form. If given to nursing mothers, it causes purging in the suckling infant. It acts, particularly, -121-

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on the lower bowel, the sane as Cascara. Aloes is one of the safest and best warm and stimulating purgatives to persons of sedentary habits and phlegmatic constitutions. An ordinary small dose takes from 15 to 18 hours to produce an effect. Too large doses induce piles. There are several kinds of Aloes, but the most useful are the Coracoa and Socotrine varieties. The former is somewhat more powerful. FORMULA NO. 60: Decoction of Aloes. ½ oz. Aloe Leaves 1 pint distilled water Boil the water, pour over the Herb, and steep 15 to 20 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: ½ to 1 oz., 3 times a day, ½ hour after meals. Children, according to age. Brown sugar, honey or molasses make it more palatable. To stimulate the nervous system, we know that Quaker Button will do the trick most satisfactorily. QUAKER BUTTON: Latin name, Strychnos, Nux Vomica (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Loganiaceae. SYNONYMS: Nux Vomica, Poison Nut. PART USED: Dried, ripe seeds. HABITAT: India, in the Malay Archipelago. MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES: Tonic, bitter, stimulant. Used as a general tonic, mostly in combination with other remedies, for neuralgia, dyspepsia, debility, impotence, and in chronic constipation, as it increases peristalsis. It should be given with -122-

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great care, as over doses are dangerous. The seeds are considered poisonous, but vary in the amount of strychnine they contain, the large seeds from Ceylon being the richest. Quaker Button should not be administered in liquid form combined with bromides, iodides, or chlorides, as a risk arises from their chemical formation. Therefore, we prefer to use the drug in its powdered form, the dose being from 1 to 4 grains. FORMULA NO. 62: Liver and Jaundice Compound. Fringetree, Powdered Extract, 40 grains Wahoo Bark, “ “ 10 “ Mandrake Root, “ “ 4 “ Black Root, “ “ 20 “ Poke Root, “ “ 10 “ Aloe Leaf, “ “ 60 “ Turkey Rhubarb Root, “ “ 50 “ Quaker Button Seeds, “ “ 2 “ Mix thoroughly, using finely powdered material, and pass through a small-meshed sieve. Fill into HO capsules, dividing equally. DOSE: 1 or 2 capsules once or twice a day, according to the laxative action desired. This formula is especially useful in biliousness, sluggish or torpid liver, constipation of long standing, catarrh of the stomach, bowels and gall bladder. It will be found beneficial in dizziness, sick headache, nausea and gassy conditions of the stomach and bowels. Always use fresh, potent Herbs in your formulas, and you will be rewarded by prompt, beneficial results. -123-

Lesson #16

Page 10 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN LESSON #15

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Yerba Santa Leaves. Wild Cherry Bark. Chandrus chrispus. Cascarilla Bark. Inulin Helenium. Euphorbium. QUESTIONS ON LESSON #16

(1) What is the Latin name for Fringetree? (2) Is the powdered Extract more potent than the ordinary powdered Herb? What ratio? (3) What effect has Wahoo Bark upon the liver? (4) What Herb is very efficacious in stimulating the flow of bile? (5) What Herb promotes the secretion of bile without irritating or purging? (6) Why should Poke Root not be used as an emetic? (7) What Herb do we prefer to use in its powdered form? Why? -124-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #17 Diseases of the kidney and bladder are so prevalent that we must have a good knowledge of them and of the proper Herbs to combat that pathological condition, be it what it may. And, right here, let me tell you that there is no treatment today, nor has there been in the past, that will surpass our good old botanical formulas for this work. Our next formulas, therefore, will culminate in a well-known herbal compound for kidney and bladder ailments. The first in this compound will be Mountain Cranberry, better known as Bearberry or Uva Uris, of which I spoke in Lesson #14, page 7. This Herb is very efficacious in catarrhal conditions of the bladder. Next, we will use Mountain Mahogany, as it acts as a mild stimulant and is also astringent. MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY: Latin name, Betula Lenta. NATURAL ORDER: Betulaceæ. COMMON NAMES: Sweet Birch, Mahogany Birch, Cherry Birch, Black Birch. PART USED: Bark or leaves. HABITAT: In Europe, from Sicily to Iceland, North Asia, and grown in the United States under the name of Mahogany Birch or Mountain Mahogany. MEDICINAL USES: Bark is aromatic. Oil of wintergreen is distilled from its inner bark and twigs. The leaves act as a mild stimulant and astringent, and to expel worms. Is very useful -125-

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in gravel, and female obstructions. It should be taken in warm infusion. A decoction or syrup made from it makes an excellent tonic for dysentery. FORMULA NO. 63: Infusion of Mountain Mahogany 1 oz. Mountain Mahogany bark or leaves, cut 16 ozs. distilled water Boil the water, and while hot, pour over the Herb. Steep over moderate fire 20 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 to 2 cupfuls a day. It should be taken medium hot. Children, in proportion to age. Something to soothe and heal the irritated parts next, and nothing could be better than Couch Grass. In Lesson #9, page 3, we have told you of the wonderful virtues of Couch Grass in kidney and bladder affections. A good urinary antiseptic is now in order, and Buchu Leaves, with their history of continued relief in kidney and bladder troubles over a period of several centuries, make them outstanding, where relief from inflammation is needed promptly. BUCHU: Latin name, Barosma betulina (Bart. and Wendl). NATURAL ORDER: Rutaceae. SYNONYMS: Diosma betulina, Thunb. PART USED: Leaves (imported from South Africa). HABITAT: Southwest region of Cape Colony. -126-

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FORMULA NO. 64: 1 oz. Buchu leaves, cut 16 ozs. distilled water Boil the water, and pour over the Herb, while boiling. Let stand 1 hour; strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: A wineglassful 3 or 4 times a day. Children, in proportion to age. A second Herb, to stimulate the action of the urinary tract, and known to be of inestimable value, is Juniper Berries. JUNIPER BERRIES: Latin name, Juniperus communis (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Coniferae. SYNONYMS: Ginepro, Enebro. PARIS USED: The ripe, carefully dried fruits (berries) or leaves. HABITAT: Europe, North Africa, North Asia, North America. MEDICINAL USES AND ACTION: The chief use of Juniper is as an adjuvant to diuretics in dropsy, depending on heart, liver and kidney disease. In Europe, chest complaints and leucorrhoea, scrofula, etc., are treated with Juniper Berries. It is diuretic, stimulant and carminative. FORMULA NO. 65: Infusion of Juniper Berries 1 oz. Juniper Berries, cut 1 pint distilled water Boil the water and, when boiling, pour over the berries; let steep 10 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. -127-

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DOSE: A wineglassful 3 times a day. Children, a tablespoonful 3 times a day. Another reliable diuretic, which is prompt in its effect, is Prince’s Pine, better known as Pipsissiwa. PRINCE’S PINE: Latin name, Chimaphila umbellata (Nutt.). NATURAL ORDER: Ericaceae. SYNONYMS: Pipisssiwa, Ground Holly, Rheumatism Weed, Winter Green. PART USED: Leaves. HABITAT: Europe, Asia, Siberia, in all parts of the United States. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Diaphoretic, astringent, tonic and alterative, of great use in chronic gonorrhoea, strangury, catarrh of the bladder, and a good treatment for ascites. It is said to diminish lithic acid in the urine. For dropsy, it is useful combined with other medicines. It is a substitute for Uva Ursi and less obnoxious. Said to be of value in diabetes, but this has not yet been confirmed. We know it is very efficacious in skin diseases. FORMULA No. 66: Infusion of Prince’s Pine 1 oz. Prince’s Pine leaves 1 pint distilled water Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the leaves. Let stand 10 minutes. Cool and strain. Bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: A wineglassful to a teacupful 3 times a day. Children, a tablespoonful to a wineglassful, according to age. -128-

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A healing and soothing Herb for the mucous membrane is Shave Grass, and it should be incorporated into this compound. We have already given you information on Shave Grass, or Horsetail, as it is sometimes called (also Pewterwort) in its native land. Now, something to ward off spasms, where there is such a tendency. The most common of all cur Herbs is used for this, and does its duty well. CELERY: Latin name, Apium graveolens (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Umbelliferæ. SYNONYMS: Smallage. PART USED: Seeds. HABITAT: Levant, South Europe, and cultivated in Great Britain. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Carminative, stimulant, diuretic, tonic, nervine, useful in hysteria, promoting restfulness and sleep, and diffusing through the system a mild, sustaining influence. It is good combined with Scutellaria for nervous cases with loss of tone. It is said to be very good in rheumatism, combined with Coca, Damiana, etc., also Aphrodisiac. FORMULA NO. 67: Infusion of Celery Seed. ½ oz. Celery Seed 1 pint distilled water Boil the water and pour over the seed. Let stand 10 minutes. Cool, strain and bottle. Keep in a cool place. —129-

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DOSE: 1 tablespoonful to a wine glassful 3 times a day. Children, according to age. FORMULA NO. 68: Kidney and Bladder Herbal Formula. Mountain Cranberry cut Mountain Mahogany, Couch Grass, Buchu Leaves, Juniper Berries Prince’s Pine, Shave Grass, Celery Seed,

8 Drachms 2 “ 8 “ 4 “ 2 “ 3 “ 3 “ 2 “

Mix well and divide into 20 doses, using either Herbs especially cut for tea, or in the powdered form. DIRECTIONS FOR TEA: Add 1 dose to 3 cups boiling water, cover, boil slowly for 2 or 3 minutes; let it stand for 10 minutes, then strain and take one third in the morning, noon, and at night, either before or after meals, If boiling water is not available, use hot water and allow to stand for ½ hour. It may be sweetened with honey, rock candy, sugar, etc., to suit taste. DIRECTIONS FOR POWDER: Divide one dose into 3 parts, taking one third, morning, noon, and at night, either before or -130-

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after meals. It may be taken in water, or mixed with honey, jelly or jam. Whenever a reliable remedy is needed to relieve an inflamed catarrhal condition of the bladder, with its annoying symptoms of scanty or painful urination, thick, cloudy urine, spasms in the bladder, or constant desire to urinate, then this formula can be used to good advantage. These Herbs stimulate the action of the genito-urinary tract, relieve irritation, and tend to act as a soothing and healing agent to the mucous membrane of kidneys and bladder. In order that you may have a good, full list of other Herbs that are excellent as diuretics, we are giving a list below. We hope to give much information on each one before the close of these lessons. DIURETICS: Pipsissewa Herb Prince’s Pine Herb Partridge Berry Herb Gravel Plant Herb Trailing Arbutus Mountain Cranberry Leaves Buchu Leaves Mountain Mahogany Leaves Great Celandine Herb Button Snake Root Prince’s Feather Leaves

Horsetail Rush Herb Meadow Sweet Herb Golden Rod Herb Uva Ursi Leaves Whortleberry Leaves Lovage Root Purple Foxglove Leaves Shave Grass Couch Grass Root Queen of Meadow Root Black Indian Hemp Root -131-

Cleavers Herb Pichi Leaves Broom Tops Birch Leaves Corn Silk Cubeb Berries Squill Root Juniper Berries Parsley Root Kava Kava Root

Lesson #17

Page 8 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN LESSON #16

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) its

Chionanthus Virginicus. Yes, from one to three times as strong. It stimulates the liver freely. Mandrake. Blade Boot. On account of its narcotic effect. Quaker Button. Because of the Strychnine contained therein, and chemical action. QUESTIONS ON LESSON #17

(1) What Herb have we mentioned for use in catarrhal conditions of the bladder? (2) What Herb has been used for centuries in the treatment of kidney and bladder troubles? (3) Are Juniper Berries used in dropsy where the heart, liver and kidneys are involved? (4) Do we use Prince’s Pine in treatment of chronic gonorrhoea, or strangury? (5) What Herb have we mentioned as healing and soothing to the mucus membrane? (6) What Herb in this Formula is used to create restfulness and sleep? -132-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #18 Since we are coming to the close of these Lessons, I feel it my duty to work in all the good formulas and information possible, in order that the doctor may be the better qualified to treat disease successfully, and prove to the public the virtues of our Herbs or Botanicals. Certainly, they are so much superior to the present-day allopathic system of medicine (with its poisons, inorganic chemicals, pus injections, and continuous nonsensical experimentation) that there is no comparison. High Blood Pressure will be our next subject, and you will certainly need a good foundation for the treatment of this condition, and a couple of A-l Formulas. RUE: Latin name, Ruta graveolens (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Rutaceae. SYNONYMS: Garden Rue, Herb-of-Grace, Herbygrass. Do not confuse Rue Herb with Goat’s Rue, which is an entirely different Herb. PART USED: Herb. HABITAT: Southern Europe. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Stimulant, anti-spasmodic, emmenagogue, chiefly used in suppression of the menses, but should not be taken in large doses, as it is likely to produce inflammation and nerve derangement. For hysteria, amenorrhoea, etc., will be found valuable. The Herb, Rue, has a wonderful history, dating back to -133-

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the time of one of our most noted herbalists - Turner - who, in 1562, mentioned it in his Herbal, and Rue has since become one of the best known and most widely-grown simples for medicinal and home uses. The name, Ruta, is from the Greek, Reuo (to set free) because this Herb is so efficacious in various diseases. It was much used by the ancients. Hippocrates, especially commended it, and it constituted a chief ingredient of the famous antidote to poison used by Mithridates. It is excellent in epilepsy and vertigo. Pliny considered it excellent for the preservation of the sight, and it was eaten green in great quantities, during his time, with excellent results for that purpose. A mixture of Euphrasia and Rue seems to have been used very successfully in those days. It is claimed, in folklore on Herbs, that “If a man be anointed with the juice of Rue, the poison of Wolf’s Bane, Mushrooms or toadstools, the biting of serpents, stinging of scorpions, spiders, bees, hornets and wasps will not hurt him.” Rue water, sprinkled in the house, “kills all fleas,” says an old book. Culpepper mentions its use for sciatica, and pains in the joints. RUE HERB SHOULD NOT BE ADMINISTERED IMMEDIATELY AFTER EATING, BUT BEFORE, AT LEAST 30 MINUTES. It forms a useful medicine in hysterical affections, in coughs, croupy affections, colic, and flatulence. Oil of Rue may be given on sugar or in hot water, the dose being 1 to 5 drops. Rue Herb as used in our compound is for the purpose of stimulating the nerves. -134-

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FORMULA NO. 69: Infusion of Rue. 1 oz. Rue Herb, cut 16 ozs. distilled water Boil the water and, when boiling, pour over the Herb. Let stand 10 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. Honey, molasses or brown sugar will make it more palatable and assist to preserve the infusion. We need a good diuretic and an Herb that will relieve congestion, so will use European Golden Rod, which we mentioned in Lesson #14, page 5. Refer to it, and check for information. You will always find the nervous system in a highly-irritated condition, in high blood pressure, and we select German Valerian Root to soothe and quiet the nerves. VALERIAN: Latin name, Valeriana officinalis (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Valerianaceae. SYNONYMS: Great Wild Valerian, German Valerian, Ail-Heal, Amantilla, Setwall, English Valerian. PART USED: Root. HABITAT: Europe and Northern Asia. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Anodyne, nervine, anti-spasmodic May be given in all cases of nervous debility and irritation, also in hysterical affections. It allays pain and promotes sleep. It is strongly nervine without any narcotic effects, and enters -135-

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into various herbal and nervine and anti-spasmodic compounds; is useful in epilepsy, convulsions, etc. Valerian influences the circulation, slowing the heart and increasing its force, and has been used in cardiac palpitation. There is a report of epilepsy of long standing having been completely cured in the year 1592, with Valerian Root. Culpepper, in 1469, recommends both the root and Herb, and he praises it highly for its many comforting virtues. FORMULA NO. 70: Infusion of Valerian. 1 oz. Valerian Root, cut 1 pint distilled water Bring the water to a boil, and, while boiling, pour over the root. Let simmer over a very low flame 10 minutes. Cool, strain, add 2 ozs. Pure glycerine or honey, bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: A wine glassful 3 times a day before meals, and at night, before retiring. Now, something to act upon the bowels in a mild manner. We like to employ Sweetwood for this purpose. We mentioned Sweetwood in Lesson #7, page 4, to which you may refer. We need something to cleanse the blood and stimulate the stomach and bowels. A very fine Herb for this purpose is Black Alder (Dogwood) better known as Buckthorn (Alder). Be careful not to confuse this with any of the Herbs which have -136-

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nearly, but not quite, the same names, and are entirely different. Remember to use both the common and Latin names when ordering your supplies. BUCKTHORN (Alder): Latin name, Rhamnus Frangula (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Rhamnaoeae. SYNONYMS: Black Dogwood, Frangula bark, Black Alder Dogwood. PART USED: Bark. HABITAT: Europe and Northern Asia. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Tonic, laxative, cathartic. Only the one to two year old plant is used, as the young Herb causes severe griping. FORMULA NO. 71: Decoction of Buckthorn (Alder). 1 oz. Buckthorn (Alder) bark, cut 1 quart distilled water Soak the bark in the water 4 hours; boil down to 1 pint. Cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 tablespoonful 3 times a day. Children, ½ to 1 teaspoonful 3 times a day, in honey or syrup, to modify its taste. To stimulate the digestive functions, we will use Tall Speedwell, better known as Culver’s Root, or Black Root. SPEEDWELL: Latin name, Leptandra Virginica (Nutt.). NATURAL ORDER: Scrophulariaceae. SYNONYMS: Culver’s Root, Culver’s Physic, Physic Root, Veronica Virginica, Leptandra-Wurzel, Tall Speedwell. -137-

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PART USED: Root. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Cathartic, tonic, diaphoretic, antiseptic. Used for its cathartic effect, as it acts with certainty and without griping. In fevers, it is valuable as a cathartic, purifying the blood and removing all morbid obstructions in a mild, natural manner. It is said to act especially upon the intestines and is, therefore, valuable in chronic constipation and intestinal indigestion, and may be advantageously combined with other medicines. It excites the liver gently and promotes the secretion of bile, without irritating the bowels or purging. It is a tonic for the stomach, useful in diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, cholera infantum and torpidity of the liver. A decoction may be used in intermittent fevers. The green root should not be used. FORMULA NO. 72: Infusion of Speedwell. ½ oz. Tall Speedwell Root, cut 1 pint distilled water Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the root. Let simmer 10 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: A tablespoonful to a wineglassful before meals. Children, according to age. We will now add a gentle stimulant and tonic, using Linden Flowers for the purpose. LINDEN FLOWERS: Latin name, Tilia Europaea (Linn.). -138-

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NATURAL ORDER: Liliaceae. SYNONYMS: Lime Flowers, Linnflowers, Lime Tree. PART USED: Flowers or charcoal. HABITAT: Northern Temperate Zone, especially the British Isles. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Nervine, stimulant, tonic. Used as a common domestic remedy for nervous and catarrhal disorders, following colds; also used for restlessness, indigestion and hysteria. The Herbs, prepared in a bath and the patient immersed therein, induce sleep. FORMULA NO. 73: Infusion of Linden Flowers. 1 oz. Linden Flowers, cut 1 pint distilled water Boil the water and, while boiling, pour over the flowers. Let simmer 2 or 3 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 tablespoonful to a wineglassful 3 times a day. Children, 1 teaspoonful to a tablespoonful 3 times a day. COMPOUND FOR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE FORMULA NO. 74: Infusion Rue Herb, cut 1 drachm European Golden Rod Leaves “ 1 “ German Valerian Root, “ 3 “ Sweetwood Root, “ 3 “ Buckthorn Bark, “ 6 “ Tall Speedwell Root, “ 4 “ Linden Flowers, “ 2 “ Mix well and divide into 20 doses, using Herbs especially cut for tea, or in the powdered form. -139-

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DIRECTIONS FOR TEA: Add one dose to 3 cups boiling water; cover, boil slowly for 2 or 3 minutes; let it stand for 10 minutes. Then strain and take a cupful morning, noon and night, either before or after meals. If boiling water is not available, use hot water, and allow to stand ½ hour. It may be sweetened with honey, rock candy, sugar, etc., to suit taste. DIRECTIONS FOR POWDER: Divide one dose into 3 parts, taking one third, rooming, noon and night, either before or after meals. It may be taken in water or mixed with honey, jelly or jam. In order that you may have another excellent formula for the treatment of High Blood Pressure, I am adding the following. Each individual Herb is not given separately as heretofore, but we hope to mention them in later lessons. -140-

Lesson #18

Page 9 FORMULA FOR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

FORMULA NO. 74 Sassafras Baric Drachms Valued for its blood-cleansing properties l½ European Golden Rod l½ Relieves congestion, diuretic Water Shamrock l½ Stimulates the system Black Rattlesnake Root (Black Cohosh) l½ Relieves nervous tension, reduces arterial action Pigeonberry (Poke Root) l½ Stimulates glandular action Indian Senna Fruit 6 Activates the bowels European Black Alder Bark 15 Cleans and regulates the system Cassia Bark l½ Stimulates the circulatory system Mix well and divide into 20 doses, using Herbs especially cut for tea, or in the powdered form. DIRECTIONS FOR TEA: Add 1 dose to 3 cups boiling water, cover, boil slowly for 2 or 3 minutes; let it stand 10 minutes; then strain, and take 1 cupful morning, noon and at night, before or after meals. If boiling water is not available, use hot water and allow to stand for ½ hour. It may be sweetened with honey, rock candy, sugar, etc., to suit taste. -141-

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DIRECTIONS FOR POWDER: Divide 1 dose into 3 parts, taking one third, morning, noon, and at night, either before or after meals. It may be taken in water, or mixed with honey, jelly or jam. These two formulas are also highly valued in Hardening of the Arteries, Fullness in the Head, Ear and Head noises resulting from these troubles. If these noises are especially felt at night in bed, they are generally due to nervous disturbances or anemia, and should be treated by removing the underlying cause. -142-

Lesson #18

Page 11 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN LESSON #17

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Mountain Mahogany. Buchu. Yes. Yes. Shavegrass. Celery Seed. QUESTIONS ON LESSON #18

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Why should we never give large doses of Rue Herb? How does Sweetwood act upon the bowels? Does Valerian have a narcotic effect? Can we use the young, green Buckthorn plant to advantage? Why? Does Speedwell Root act upon the liver? To what extent? What Herb used in the bath will induce sleep? -143-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #19 It would not be proper to close this Course on Herbs without a really good formula for a general systemic tonic, so we will proceed to give you one that has stood the test of ages and is so good, there could be no reason for changing it. Quaker Button (or Nux Vomica) will be the first Herb. It is used to stimulate the system and incite the appetite. We have mentioned Quaker Button in Lesson #16, page 8. Next is something to cleanse the stomach and bowels. What could be better than Indian Senna? INDIAN SENNA: Latin name, Cassia acutifolia (Del.). NATURAL ORDER: Leguminosae. SYNONYMS: Alexandrian Senna, Cassia angustifolia (Vahl), East Indian Senna, Tinnevelly Senna. PARTS USED: Leaves or pods. HABITAT: Egypt, Nubia, Arabia, Sennar. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Purgative. Its action being chiefly on the lower bowel, it is especially suitable in habitual costiveness. It increases the peristaltic movements of the colon by its local action upon the intestinal wall. It acts neither as a sedative nor as a refrigerant, but has a slight stimulating influence. It is not well received by children, if given alone, as it is likely to cause nausea and griping pains, but these characteristics can be overcome or removed by incorporating it with -144-

Lesson #19

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something else, and it is then well adapted for children, elderly persons and delicate women. The coloring matter in Senna is absorbable and twenty or thirty minutes after ingestion of the Herb, it appears in the urine, and may be recognized by a red color, on the addition of ammonia. Cloves, ginger, cinnamon, or other aromatics are excellent correctives of the nauseous effects of Senna. A teaspoonful of cream of tartar to a teacupful of the decoction or infusion of Senna is a mild and pleasant cathartic, well suited for women if required soon after delivery. Senna is contraindicated in an inflammatory condition of the alimentary canal, hemorrhoids, prolapsus, ani, etc. The well known “black draught” is a combination of Senna and Gentian, with any aromatic, as Cardamom or Coriander Seeds or the rind of Seville Oranges. Senna Pods, or the dried, ripe fruit, are milder in their effects than the leaves, as the griping is largely due to the resin, and the pods contain none. From 6 to 12 of the whole pods, for an adult, and 3 to 6 for the very young, infused in a wineglass of cold water, acts mildly but thoroughly upon the whole intestine. In using either the leaves or pods, the infusion is much more palatable given cold than in the hot liquid, using either ginger or coriander to modify the taste and effect. Syrup of Senna is prepared by mixing 8 fluid ounces of Senna with 2 drachms of Oil of Coriander, and sufficient syrup to make 33 fluid ounces. Dose, 1 to 4 drachms. -145-

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FORMULA NO. 75: Infusion of Senna 2 ozs. Senna leaves or pods, cut 1 drachm Ginger, sliced or cut l pint distilled water Place the Senna and Ginger in the boiling water; let stand 1 hour. Strain through muslin, and bottle. Keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 wineglassful, as desired. Dose of Powdered Senna Leaves: 1 drachm. To aid in the digestion and assimilation of food, we find Bitter Orange Peel in great demand. ORANGE, BITTER: Latin name, Citrus vulgaris (Risso.). NATURAL ORDER: Rutaceæ. SYNONYMS: Seville Orange, Bigarde Orange, Naranja, Loisel. PART USED: The rind. HABITAT: India, China, cultivated in Spain, Madeira, etc.; also, in the United States, for its medicinal oils. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: The oil is chiefly used as a flavoring agent, but is of value in chronic bronchitis. It is non-irritating to the kidneys and pleasant to take. It is often used as a mild nerve stimulant. As a tonic, the bitter Orange Peel is preferred to the sweet. It is tonic, stomachic and carminative. May be used with most forms of medication, especially in infusions, decoctions, syrups and tinctures, as a flavoring agent. FORMULA NO. 76: Infusion of Bitter Orange Peel. 1 oz. Bitter Orange Peel, cut 1 pint distilled water -146-

Lesson #19

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Boil the water and pour over the Orange Peel. Let stand until cool. Strain and bottle. Use graniteware utensils always, and keep covered well to preserve the oil and medicinal contents. DOSE: 4 to 8 drachms as desired. Next, something to invigorate the nervous system, and also aid digestion. Cinchona Bark is useful for this purpose, and much used, especially since it has many other tonic effects. CINCHONA BARK: Latin name, Cinchona Calisaya (Wedd.). NATURAL ORDER: Rubiaceae. SYNONYMS: Peruvian Bark, Red Bark, Jesuits’ Powder. PARTS USED: Bark Dried from stem and branches. HABITAT: South America, but cultivated in India, Java, Ceylon, etc. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Febrifuge, tonic, astringent, valuable for influenza, neuralgia, and debility, but large and too frequent doses must be avoided, as they produce headache, giddiness and deafness. The liquid extract is used as a cure for drunkenness. The powdered bark is often used in tooth powders, owing to its astringency. It is not used internally, however. It causes a sensation of warmth but it also causes intestinal irritation. Cinchona, in the decoction, is a valuable gargle and a throat astringent. It is used in all febrile and typhoid conditions and in remittent and intermittent fevers. Used in jaundice, dropsy and nervous disorders; also as a tonic in menstrual affections. -147-

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FORMULA NO. 77: Infusion of Cinchona Bark. ½ oz. Cinchona Bark, cut 1 qt. distilled water Macerate the bark in the water 24 hours. Strain and keep in a cool place. DOSE: ½ to 1 drachm before meals, if appetite is poor; otherwise, after meals. Cinchona is usually given with other medication. A splendid digestant, useful in debility and exhaustion, is Gentian Root. GENTIAN: Latin name, Gentiana lutea (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Gentianaceae. SYNONYMS: Yellow Gentian. PART USED: Root. HABITAT: Central and Southern Europe, Spain, Portugal, the Pyrenees, Sardinia and Corsica. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Gentian is one of our most useful bitter, vegetable tonics. It is especially useful in states of exhaustion from chronic disease, and in all cases of general debility, weakness of the digestive organs, and want of appetite. It is one of the best strengtheners of the human system, and is an excellent tonic to combine with a purgative to prevent its debilitating effects. Many dyspeptic complaints are more effectually relieved by Gentian bitters than by Peruvian Bark. It is -148-

Lesson #19

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of extreme value in jaundice, and is prescribed extensively. It is febrifuge, emmenagogue, anthelmintic and antiseptic, and is used in hysteria and female weakness. Orange Peel always makes Gentian more palatable and is used as a rule. Gentian and Sweet Flag or Calamus are used a great deal as the principal part in tonics. FORMULA NO. 78: Infusion of Gentian. ½ oz. Gentian Root, cut 1 quart distilled water Macerate the bark in the water 24 hours. Bring to a boil, cool, strain, bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: ½ to 1 ounce before meals. Children, in proportion to age. We need something to tone up the circulatory system, and select Cassia Bark. CASSIA: Latin name, Cinnamomum cassia (Blume). NATURAL ORDER: Lauraceae. SYNONYMS: Chinese cinnamon, Cassia lignea, Cassia Bark, Canton Cassia. PARTS USED: Bark (cultivated in China). HABITAT: China, cultivated in Brazil, India, Jamaica, Mexico and South America. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Carminative, astringent, stimulant, antiseptic, usually combined with other medicines. It stops vomiting, relieves flatulence and, given with chalk and astringents -149-

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is useful for diarrhoea and hemorrhage of the womb. It is said to be capable of decreasing the secretion of milk. FORMULA NO. 79: Infusion of Cassia. ½ oz. Cassia Root, cut 16 ozs. distilled water Boil the water and pour over the root; let steep 10 minutes. Cool, strain, bottle, and keep in a cool place. Honey or brown sugar will improve the taste. DOSE: ½ to 1 wineglassful before meals. Children, according to age. The dose of the powder is 10 to 20 grains, for adults. To relieve gas, we will use Coriander Seeds (fruit). CORIANDER: Latin name, Coriandrum sativum (Linn.). NATURAL ORDER: Umbelliferae. PART USED: Fruit and fresh leaves. HABITAT: Southern Europe, and occasionally grown in Great Britain. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Stimulant, aromatic and carminative. Useful in windy colic, especially in children. FORMULA NO. 80: Infusion of Coriander Seed. ½ oz. Coriander Seeds, cut. 16 ozs. distilled water. Place the seeds in the water and let soak 8 or 10 hours. Bring to a boil in a covered pot. Let cool and strain. -150-

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Add honey or brown sugar to suit taste. Bottle and keep in a cool place. If to be kept for some time, add 2 ozs. pure glycerine. Mother of doves excites languid digestion and acts as an aromatic stimulant; quite necessary in a tonic. While it is commonly thought of as a household article, in the kitchen, still it has many other virtues even greater than as a domestic condiment. Its medicinal properties have been known since time immemorial. CLOVES: Latin name, Eugenia caryophyllata (Thumb). NATURAL ORDER: Myrtaceae. SYNONYMS: Eugenia Aromatica. PART USED: Undeveloped flowers. HABITAT: Molucca Islands, Southern Philippines. MEDICINAL ACTION AND USES: Stimulant, aromatic, carminative. It is the most stimulating and carminative of all aromatics. Given in powder or infusion for nausea, emesis, flatulence, languid digestion and dyspepsia, and used chiefly to assist the action of other medicines. The medicinal properties reside in the volatile oil. The oil must be kept in dark bottles in a cool place. It is a strong germicide, a powerful antiseptic, a feeble local anesthetic applied to decayed teeth and it has been used as a stimulating expectorant in phthisis and bronchial troubles. -151-

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The infusion of clove water is a good vehicle for alkalis and aromatics. FORMULA NO. 81: Infusion of Cloves. 1 dram Cloves, whole or cut 1 pint distilled water Boil the water, pour over the Cloves and steep for 20 minutes over a very low flame, in a closed container. (This may be repeated a second time with the residue from the first infusion). DOSE: ½ to 1 oz. 3 times a day. Children, according to age. Dose of the Oil of Cloves: 1 to 5 drops, and of the Fluid Extract, 5 to 30 drops. Oil of Orange will be used to improve the taste of the complete formula; also brown sugar or honey. The completed compound follows: FORMULA NO. 82: Herbal Tonic Compound ¾ drachms Quaker Button (Nux Vomica) 16 “ Indian Senna 2½ “ Bitter Orange Peel 3 “ Cinchona Bark 4 “ Gentian Root 1 “ Cassia Bark 1 “ Corriander seed ¼ “ Mother Cloves 1 drop Oil of Orange 4 ozs. Brown sugar or honey -152-

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Place the Herbs in one quart of water and let stand for 2 days. Bring to a boil but do not boil. Strain and add the 4 ozs. sugar or honey and, before it is cool, the oil of Orange. Bottle and keep in a cool place. DOSE: 1 tablespoonful 3 times a day. If appetite is poor, take before meals, otherwise, after meals. This same formula can be made by using 1 quart of medicinal Muscatel Wine instead of water, in making the infusion. The dose is the same. Whenever a good blood and body builder is required, this formula can be highly recommended. It builds and tones up the system, imparts strength and vitality to the weakened organs, and enriches the blood. Excellent in general weakness, run-down condition and exhaustion of the body and nervous system, and also very valuable in low blood pressure, poor circulation and anemia. We wish to throw in something extra with this Lesson, so we will give you an old fashioned Indian Tonic or Health Tea formula. This is really excellent, and your patients will thank you for it, as it is an all around help to young and old, whether in good health or ill. -153-

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FORMULA NO. 83: Indian Health Tea Parts Parts 1.5 Prickly Ash Bark 3 Juniper Berries 4 Borage Flowers 5 Doggrass Root 3 Wild Cherry Bark 2 Bitter Orange Peel 4 Hungarian Chamomiles 4 Sweet Orange Peel 3 Cinchona Bark 3 Sassafras Bark 2 Black Cohosh Root 3 Mexican Sarsaparilla Root 3 Celery Seed 3 Buchu Leaves 3 Caraway Seed 5 T. V. Senna 3 Coriander Seed 1.5 Cascara Sagrada 3 Fennel Seed 2 Horsemint Herb You have now learned to make your own infusions, and the usual doses, so you can go ahead with this formula. It has been made up so that, should you leave out one or more of the ingredients, its beneficial effects would not be materially affected. This Tea may be drunk as any beverage, with no ill effects whatsoever. Since the next will be your last Lesson of this series, we believe it will be timely to give you a sort of Materia Medica Index, which you will find very helpful in selecting Herbs for future formulas or compounds. -154-

Lesson #19

Page 12 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN LESSON #18

(1) It is likely to produce inflammation and nerve derangement. (2) In a mild manner. (3) No. (4) No. Not under 1 or 2 years old, because of its griping effect. (5) Yes, it excites the liver gently and promotes the secretion of bile without irritating the bowels. (6) Linden Flowers. QUESTIONS ON LESSON #19 (1) The chief action of Senna is confined to what part of the alimentary canal? (2) What Orange Peel is most valuable as an aid to digestion and assimilation? (3) Why do we not use large doses of Cinchona Bark? (4) What is a splendid digestant, useful in debility and exhaustion? (5) What other name has Cassia Bark? (6) Clove Water is a good vehicle for what? -155-

ELEMENTARY COURSE IN HERBOLOGY Lesson #20 We promised, at the close of Lesson #19, to give you as full and complete a list of Herbs as possible, in the form of a Materia Medica Index. The following is as complete a list as we have space for in this lesson, but which we feel will be appreciated by the busy doctor in selecting the proper Botanicals for his patients’ comfort and relief: MATERIA MEDICA INDEX ALTERATIVE: A medicine that alters the process of nutrition and excretion, restoring normal body functions. Yarrow Herb Crimson Clover Golden Seal Root Queen’s Root Burdock Root Sassafras Bark Black Alder Bark

Bittersweet Herb Barberry Root Virginia Poke Root Yellow Dock Root Spikenard Root Prickly Ash Bark Cinchona Bark

Buckbean Leaves Black Cohosh Root Sarsaparilla Root Oregon Grape Root Wahoo Bark Fringe Tree Bark

ANTHELMINTICS or VERMIFUGES: Medicines expelling intestinal worms. Tansy Herb Kousso Flowers Male Fern Root Pomegranate Bark Kamala

Wormwood Herb Pink Root Pumpkin Seeds Bear’s Paw Root Mandrake Root American Wormseed Jerusalem Oak Flowers Levant Wormseed

ANTILITHICS: Medicines preventing the formation of gravel and stones. Golden Rod Herb Uva Ursi Leaves Pichi Tops Seven Barks Root

Gravel Plant Herb Buchu Leaves Hydrangea Root Wild Violet Leaves -156-

Mountain Cranberry Leaves Pareira Brava Root

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ANTIPERIODIC: A medicine preventing the recurrence of periodic disturbances and irregularities. Motherwort Herb Vervain Herb Rue Herb Roman Chamomile Figwort Herb Squaw Vine Herb Pennyroyal Herb

Rosemary Leaves Life Root Herb Blue Scullcap Herb Tansy Herb Birth Root Blue Cohosh Root Papoose Root

Cramp Bark Squaw Bush Root Colic Root White Poplar Bark Blazing Star Root Black Willow Bark Cassia Bark

ANTI-RHEUMATICS: Medicines correcting and relieving rheumatism. Rheumatism Weed Herb Black Cohosh Root Yellow Dock Root Oregon Grape Root Black Willow Bark Toothache Bark Colchicum Seed

Bittersweet Twigs Kava Kava Root Virginia Poke Root Virginia Snake Root Prickly Ash Bark Guajac Wood

Twin Leaf Root Bitter Root Culver’s Root Rheumatism Black Alder Bark Guajac Gum

ANTISEPTICS: Agents preventing or counteracting decay, or the formation of pus. Canada Fleabane Amaranth Leaves Blood Root Water Avens Root Oak Bark (red & white)

Witchhazel Herb Wild Sage Leaves Cranesbill Root Tormentill Root Black Willow Bark

Blood Staunch Herb Rhatany Root Marsh Rosemary Root Alum Root Black Alder Bark

ANTI-SPASMODIC: Counteracting or preventing spasms. Lobelia Herb Mistletoe Herb Parnassia Herb Female Regulator Mullein Leaves Wild Yam Root Mugwort Herb Squaw Mint Herb Motherwort Herb Watermint Herb Linden Flowers

Peony Root Scull Cap Herb Rue Herb Herb Ephedra Herb Rosemary Leaves Chamomile Flowers Beth Root German Valerian Ladies Slipper Root Squaw Root Cassia Bark -157-

Black Hawk Bark Horsenettle Berries Squaw Bush Root Dragon Turnip Root Cramp Bark Trembling Poplar Bark Black Cohosh Root Nerve Root Pomegranate Bark

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ASTRINGENTS: Agents producing contraction of organic tissues, or the arrest of a discharge. Ladies Mantle Herb Wintergreen Herb Blood Staunch Herb Pilewort Leaves Rhatany Root Mouth Root Alum Root Catarrh Root Oak Bark (red & white) Kino Gum

Shepherds Purse Herb Witchhazel Herb Amaranth Leaves Cransebill Root Blackberry Root Hydrangea Root Seven Barks Root Tag Alder Bark Pomegranate Bark Catechu Gum

Canada Fleabane Herb Silver Weed Herb Wild Sage Leaves Water Avens Root Marsh Rosemary Root Tormentill Root African Ginger Root Black Bark Black Willow Bark Nutgall

CARMINATIVES: Expelling gas from Stomach and Bowels. Catnip Herb Melissa Herb Lemon Balm Herb Angelica Root Lovage Root Angelica Seed Anise Seed Thyme Herb

Peppermint Herb German Chamomile Flowers Parsley Root Canada Snake Root Coriander Seed Cumin Seed

Watermint Herb Yerba Buena Herb Sweet Flag Root Calamus Root Fennel Seed Cardamom Seed Caraway Seed

CATHARTICS: Medicines producing evacuations from the bowels. Balmony Herb Senna Leaves Rhubarb Root Butternut Bark

Pansy Herb Leptandra Root Colver’s Root Buckthorn Bark

Wild Violet Herb Mandrake Root Cascara Bark Barberry Bark

CHOLAGOGUES: Medicines promoting and increasing the flow of bile. Tetterwort Herb Mandrake Root Wahoo Bark Culver’s Root

Gamboge Gum Hedge Hyssop Herb Colocynth Apple -158-

Jalap Root Physic Root Aloe Gum

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COLORING AGENTS: Drugs used in coloring and dyeing. Henna Leaves (red-brown) Black Malva Flowers (wine-red) Walnut Hulls (brown) Turmeric Root (yellow) Red Saunders Wood (red)

Sage Leaves (brown) American Saffrom Flowers (red) Alkanet Root (red) Bloodroot Root (red) Cudbear (purple)

Indigo Leaves (blue) Spanish Saffrom (yellow) Madder Root (red) Logwood Chips (blue)

DEMULCENTS: Mucilaginous substances that act soothing and relieve inflammation. Mallow Leaves Cheeseplant Leaves Licorice Root Slippery Elm Bark Fenugreek

Plantain Leaves Mullein Leaves Comfrey Root Flax Seed

Coltsfoot Leaves Marshmallow Root Althaea Root Psyll Seed

DEPURATIVES: Removing impurities, cleaning the blood. Meadow Sweet Herb Bittersweet Herb Figwort Herb Heartease Herb Pansy Herb Wild Violet Leaves Dulse Leaves Red Clover Flowers Yellow Dock Root

Queen’s Root Kava Kava Root Sassafras Bark Elder Flowers Burdock Root Sarsaparilla Root Dandelion Root Physic Root

European Black Alder Bark Linden Flowers Virginia Poke Root Marsh Rosemary Root Oregon Grape Root Buckthorn Bark Indian Senna Fruit

DIAPHORETICS: Medicines producing perspiration. Boneset Herb Vervain Herb Watermint Herb Peppermint Leaves Black Birch Leaves Chamomile Flowers

Horehound Herb Squaw Mint Herb Pennyroyal Herb Lemon Balm Leaves Linden Flowers Virginia Snake Root -159-

Melissa Herb Thoroughwort Herb Yarrow Herb Jaborandi Leaves Elder Flowers Pleurisy Root

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DIURETICS: Medicines increasing the secretion and flow of urine. Pipsissewa Herb Trailing Arbutus Partridge Berry Herb Gravel Plant Herb Pichi Leaves Buchu Leaves Mountain Mahogany Leaves Kava Kava Root Button Snake Root Lovage Root Cubeb Berries

Horsetail Rush Herb Cleavers Herb Meadow Sweet Herb Prince’s Pine Herb Golden Rod Herb Broom Tops Uva Ursi Leaves Birch Leaves Whortleberry Leaves Mountain Cranberry Purple Foxglove Leaves Leaves Squill Root Prince’s Feather Couch Grass Root Leaves Queen of Meadow Root Parsley Root Corn Silk Black Indian Hemp Great Celandine Herb Root Shave Grass Herb Juniper Berries

EMETICS: Medicines that cause vomiting. Lobelia Herb

Ipecacuanha Root

Mustard Seed

EMMENAGOUGES: Medicines promoting and stimulating menstruation. Life Root Double Tansy Herb Mistletoe Herb Blue Cohosh Root

Pennyroyal Herb Black Root Savin Leaves Blood Root

Rue Herb Cotton Root Aloe Gum

EXPECTORANTS: Promoting mucous secretion from the air passages. Lobelia Herb Pansy Herb Yerba Santa Leaves Mountain Balm Leaves Calif. Gum Plant Irish Moss Elder Flowers Senega Root Squill Root Marshmallow Root Murillo Bark Anise Seed

Horehound Herb Asthma Weed Herb Coltsfoot Leaves Marshmallow Leaves Wild Chestnut Leaves Iceland Moss Leaves Pleurisy Root Elecampane Root Comfrey Root Sea Onion Root Flax Seed -160-

Lungwort Herb Wild Thyme Herb Mullein Leaves Wild Sage Leaves Coughwort Leaves Pearl Moss Leaves Ipecacuanha Root Sweetwood Root Pimpinella Root Wild Cherry Bark Sweet Fennel Seed

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FEBRIFUGE: An agent that reduces fever. Wormwood Herb Feverwort Herb Virginia Snake Root Friar’s Cap Root Dogwood Bark Buckthorn Bark

Centaury Herb Yerba Buena Herb Water Avens Root Speedwell Root European Black Alder Bark

Boneset Herb Aconite Root Blood Root Cinchona Bark Quassia Bark

HEPATICS: Promoting action of the liver. Liverwort Herb Indian Apple Root Rhubarb Root Barberry Bark

Wild Yam Root Culver’s Root Mandrake Root Wahoo Bark

Dandelion Root Virginia Poke Root Fall Speedwell Root Spiked Aloe Gum

LAXATIVES: Medicines producing gentle action of the bowels. Pansy Herb Turtle Bloom Leaves California Barberry Root Chinese Rhubarb Root Virginia Poke Root Wahoo Bark

May Apple Root Cascara Bark Indian Senna Fruit Balmony Leaves Senna Leaves Culver’s Root Buckthorn Bark Dandelion Root Blackthorn Flowers Oregon Grape Root Mandrake Root Sacred Bark Alder Bark (Europ. Black)

NEPHRITICS: An agent useful in kidney complaints. Trailing arbutus Buchu Leaves Black Birch Leaves Cough Grass Root

Whortleberry Leaves Broom Tops Queen of Meadow Root Partridge Berry Herb

Uva Ursi Leaves Gravel Plant Leaves Button Snake Root Juniper Berries

NERVINES: Medicines that act calming and soothing on the nervous system. Rue Herb Lemon Balm Herb Ladies Slipper Root Valerian Root Wild Celery Seed

Scull Cap Herb Hops Musk Root Nerve Root -161-

Dittany Herb Cramp Bark Rosemary Leaves Peony Root

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PURGATIVES: Medicines producing watery evacuations. Senna Leaves May Apple Root Buckthorn Bark Aloe Gum Rhubarb Root

Jalap Root Mandrake Root. Cascara Bark Colocynth Apple Gamboge Gum Scammony Gum Black Indian Hemp Root

SEDATIVES: An agent allaying irritability. Bugleweed Herb Foxglove Leaves Red Puccoon Root Crawley Root Fever Root Wild Cherry Bark Red Root Bark Colchicum

Sweet Fern Leaves Jimson Weed Leaves Aconite Root Muira Puama Root Water Avens Root Yohimbe Bark New Jersey Tea Bark Valerian Root

Stramonium Leaves Wild Lettuce Leaves Blood Root Ice Plant Root Chocolate Root Jamaica Dogwood Bark Meadow Saffron Seed

STIMULANTS: Medicines increasing functional activity. Dwarf Nettle Herb Damiana Leaves Gentian Root Sarsaparilla Root Valerian Root Unicorn Root Sassafras Bark Cassia Bark

Strawberry Leaves Linden Flowers Yellow Dock Root Queen’s Root Jamaica Ginger Root Wild Cherry Bark Prickly Ash Bark

Rosemary Leaves Ginseng Root Blood Root Dandelion Root Muira Puama Root Wafer Ash Bark Yohimbe Bark

VULNERARY: An agent favoring the healing of wounds and cuts. Sweet Clover Herb Plantain Leaves Rosemary Leaves Marigold Flowers Alum Root Oak Bark (red & white)

Figwort Herb Wild Sage Leaves Arnica Flowers Virginia Poke Root Tormentill Root Balm of Gilead Buds -162-

Witchhazel Leaves Mullein Leaves Calendula Flowers Marsh Rosemary Root Cranesbill Root

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ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN LESSON #19 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Lower Bowel. Bitter Orange Peel. It produces headache, giddiness, etc., in large doses. Gentian Root. Chinese Cinnamon, Cassia. Lignea, Canton Cassia. Alkalies and Aromatics. -163-

HERBAL INDEX Herb

Lesson

Aloes Aniseed Asparagus Asthma Weed Barberry Bearberry Black Root Blue Vervain Boneset Buchu Buckthorn (alder) Bugleweed Burdock Cascarilla Cassia Celery Chamomile Cinchona Bark Cloves Comfrey Root Coriander Couch Grass Damiana Elecampane Fringetree Garlic Gentian Golden Rod Gravel Root Hawthorn Hydrangea Hyssop Indian Senna Irish Moss Juniper Berries Ladies Slipper Licorice Root Lily-of-the-Valley Linden Flowers Mandrake Root Mountain Mahogany Orange (Bitter) Oregon Grape Parsley Pichi Tops Princess Pine Quaker Button Red Clover Roman Motherwort Rue

16 15 12 15 3 14 16 5 7 17 18 12 3 15 19 17 13 19 19 10 19 9 6 8 16 4 19 14 14 12 14 15 19 15 17 6 7 12 18 8 17 19 2 9 14 17 16 4 11 18

Page 7 10 3 9 1 6 4 2 1 2 5 4 2 4 6 5 4 4 8 3 7 3 3 5 1 3 5 5 3 2 4 5 1 3 3 1 4 6 6 2 1 3 4 4 1 4 8 1 3 1

Sacred Bark Shave Grass Skull Cap Speedwell Sweetwood Tansy Valerian Wahoo Wild Cherry Wormseed Levant Wormwood Yellow Dock Yerba Santa

8 14 5 18 18 13 18 16 15 13 13 3 15

1 8 1 5 5 1 3 2 2 3 2 3 1