English Gram Mar: Conditionals

English Gram mar Conditionals

CONTENTS A

First Conditional

B

Second Conditional

C

Third Conditional

D

Mixed second and third conditional

E

Mixed third and second conditional

First Conditional 01

if + present simple, ... will + infinitive

Condition

Clause

If (condition)

will + (clause)

If IT RAINS TOMORROW

I WILL STAY AT HOME.

A possible future action or situation. Things that are generally true

Put this conditional togeth er

A sh

d e

e m

l l a c t ' n s oe

B go

wa

h c t

ie v o m

a

turn these into the FIRST conditional

A

B

C

D

don't eat junk food

be late

buy some shoes

bring

unhealthy

miss the train

have money

something have time

you

1. If I pass my exams, I will … 2. I will drive to work if … 3. I will pass my exams if … 4. If I win some money, … 5. I will get married if … 6. If the weather is nice, … 7. I will learn about new cultures if … 8. I will swim in the sea if … 9. If I go to university, … 10. If I go to the cinema, … 11. If I get up early tomorrow … 12. If I don´t have breakfast tomorrow morning … 13. If there is a war here next month … 14. If you give me a red rose next class … 15. If I fail my English exams … 16. I´ll fall in love with someone if … 17. I´ll be very happy if you … 18. I won´t be glad if my teacher …

Second Conditional 02

if + past simple, ...would + i nfinitive

Condition

Clause

If (condition)

would + (clause)

If I WAS RICH

I

If I HAD HER NUMBER

HOUSES.

Hypothetical situations in the present or future.

WOULD

BUY

I WOULD CALL HER.

10

Put this conditional togeth er

A

TO T N E W E C A P S

B Y R C

E K LI

Y B BA

A

turn these into the SECOND conditional

A

B

C

D

don't eat junk food

be late

buy some shoes

bring

unhealthy

miss the train

have money

something have time

you

1. What would you do if you won the lottery? 2. What would you do if you found a fat wallet on the street? 3. If you could travel in time, where would you go? 4. If you could be a fruit, what kind of fruit would you be? 5. If you had the chance to be anyone else, who would you be? 6. If you received one million dollars but can't spend it on yourself, what would you do? 7. What would you do if you were stranded on a desert island? 8. If you had a superpower, how would you use it? 9. If you could see the future, how would you use it? 10. What would you do if you only had one day to live? 11. If you were the leader of your country, what would you change? 12. If you had 3 wishes, what would you wish for? 13. If it was snowing right now, what would you be doing? 14. If you wake up and it's 1969, what would you do?

Third Conditional 03

if + past perfect, ...would + have + past p articiple

Condition

Clause

If (condition)

would + (clause)

If I HAD BEEN RICH

I WOULD HAVE BOUGHT 10 HOUSES

Imagined past situations that didn’t happen and their hypothetical situations

Put this conditional togeth er

A

SO DR

K N I

H C MU

B

A E E V H HA DAC A E H

turn these into the THIRD conditional

A

B

C

D

don't eat junk food

be late

buy some shoes

bring

unhealthy

miss the train

have money

something have time

you

1. I wasn't thirsty. I didn't drink the lemonade. 2. I didn't know Kirsty was in town. I didn't call her. 3. I didn't know watching this documentary was important for our exam. I didn't watch it. 4. I walked home from the disco. My friend was too drunk to drive. 5. I didn't go to the store. I thought it closed at 5pm. It closed at 6pm. 6. I ate the yoghurt in the fridge. I thought it was mine, not yours. 7. I am really hungry now. I didn't have any breakfast. 8. I didn't see Tony at the party. I wanted to speak to him about his vacation in France. 9. I didn't study hard. I failed the test. 10. We saved money. Could not afford a better car. 11. I didn't ask her out on a date. We didn't have a good relationship. 12. I didnt know what she would do. I borrowed her my car.

Mixed second and th 04

ird conditional

if + simple past, ...would + have + past pa rticiple

Condition

Clause

If (condition) If

I

HAD

MONEY

A

would + (clause) LOT

OF

I WOULDN’T HAVE NEEDED TO LIVE IN A SMALL HOUSE

Talk about an imaginary situation in the present or future with the hypothetical past

turn these into the mixed second and th ird conditionals

A

B

C

D

Travel in October

Work hard

We recycle

Practice

Be cheap

Earn money

Save the planet

singing Become superstar

my a

Mixed third and sec 05

ond conditional

if + past perfect, ...would + base form

Condition

Clause

If (condition)

would + (clause)

If THEY HADN’T SPENT

THEY

ALL THAT MONEY

FINANCIAL ISSUES THIS YEAR

WOULDN’T

HAVE

An imagined situation or action in the past with the imagined consequence in the present

turn these into the mixed third and sec ond conditional

A

B

Worked last year

Study

Have a better life

exam Pass it

for

C the

D

Eat healthy food

People protest

Be fit

Forest destroyed

Wish, would rather, and if only Use: we use which and if only to talk about regrets and to describe an imaginary situation which is the opposite of the real situation. *To express a wish about a present situation , we use: wish/if only + simple past (I wish I knew the answer) *To express a wish about a past situation we use: Wish/if only + past perfect (I wish I’d bought a smaller car) *To express a wish for someone to do something differently in the present or future, we use: Wish/if only + noun/pronoun + would + base form (I wish you would be more enviromentally friendly)

We use would rather + base form to talk about preferences: I would rather use my car less When we use would rather, we can also include tan + an alternative: I’d rather use my car less tan spend more on gas We use would rather + object + past simple to state what we would prefer someone else to do I’d rather you use energy-saving lightbulbs

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