Fundamental Training
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Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Level 1 Fundamental Training
1
Level 1 - Transmitter
Contents Topics: • Types of Transmitter Outputs • Analog Transmitter • Smart Transmitter • Fieldbus Transmitter Similarity between FF & PA Difference between FF & PA Benefits of FF against PA • Exercise
2
Slide No: 3-4 5-7 8 - 22 23 - 72
73 - 75
FF = Foundation Fieldbus PA = Profibus Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Transmitter Overview Standard current or voltage signal (ANALOG)
3
Standard current or voltage & digital signals (SMART) Only high speed digital signals (FIELDBUS) Output Signal
Analog/Smart/Fieldbus Electronics
Transmitter
Input Signal
(To translate useable electrical signal to standard electrical signal)
Sensing element + Electrical Circuitry
Transducer
Process Pressure
(To convert mechanical to useable electrical signal) Level 1 - Transmitter
Types of Transmitter Outputs
4
Analog Transmitters – Pure Analog Signal – 4-20 mA or 1-5V or 3-15 psi pneumatic signal Smart Transmitters – Digital communication (diagnostic signal) superimposed on analog signal (4-20 mA or 1-5V) Profibus Transmitters – High Speed Digital signal only Foundation Fieldbus Transmitters – High Speed Digital signal only – Control in the Field functionality
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Analog Transmitter Overview
5
• Analog transmitter is made up of two basic component:
» Sensor Module » Analog Electronics • Signal from sensor module is amplified & translated into standard current or voltage signal by the electronics Pressure Input Signal
Pressure Transducer Sensor Signal Conditioning Capacitance /
Zero Standard Output Signal
mV Signal
Span
Eg).
Output = 4-20 mA current signal only Level 1 - Transmitter
How Analog Transmitters Works ?
6
Sensor registers process variable. Sensor board outputs a corresponding electrical signal to output electronics. Signal conditioned & translated to a standard current signal Zero & Span Pots are used to set operating range.
Sensor Circuit Board
uF
Signal Conditioning
set 20 mA value Span Pot
Sensor Block PV
Zero Pot set 4 mA 4-20 mA Amplified value Current Only Signal Output
Cable Link
Transducer
Output Electronics
Loop wire pair (Power Cable) Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
4-20 mA Current Loop
7
The voltage or current in the wire pair represents one process variable. Field Indicator Current Loop Power Supply
Analog Transmitter
4 to 20 mA 250 Ω
250 Ω
1-5V
1-5V
4 - 20 mA
To DCS, Recorders Control Loop To Control Room Device
Level 1 - Transmitter
Smart Transmitter
8
• Smart transmitter is an intelligent device made up of modems, microprocessor and memory which allow : » Remote Communication » Diagnostics self-test functions Pressure Input Signal Transducer
EEPROM
Pressure Sensor
Capacitance / mV Signal
Data A/D
Resistance Module Temperature Sensor
Eg).
µ
D/A
Communications Standard Output Signal
Output = 4-20 mA current & Digital HART Signal Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
How Smart Transmitter Works ? STORES: •Correction Coefficient • Module Information
Sensor Module PV
Sensor Block
Cable Link
9
Electronics + Memory
mV/uF
A/D
Digital; PV + Term. Temp Values
μ
4-20 mA & digital communication signal
Digital; corrected PV Value D/A Communication
Temperature Sensor
Bell 202 Physical Layer
Memory
Measures ambient/Terminal temp.
Smart Electronics STORES: • Sensor Performance Curve • Range Values • Transmitter Configuration
Loop wire pair (Power Cable)
Level 1 - Transmitter
Analog vs Smart Transmitter
10
Real Time vs Sampling Pressure Input 4–20 mA Output Sampling 4–20 mA Output
A/D Conversion
• Analog output follow sensor Analog output instantaneously. Transmitter • Analog output will be a continuous curve. • Magnitude of sensor output Smart is sampled multiple times per Transmitter second to give discrete values.
D/A Conversion
• Analog output will undergo small step change with respect to sensor output. Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
®
HART Protocol
11
Highway Addressable Remote Transducer • An open protocol » Users are not locked into a single supplier +0.5 mA
Freq. Shift Binary Status
1200 Hz
“1”
2200 Hz
“0”
0 mA –0.5 mA
1200 Hz 2200Hz HART protocol uses a frequency shift keying based on Bell 202 physical layer to superimpose digital communication on to the 4 - 20 mA current loop.
20 mA
Average modulating current signal is “ZERO”
Analog Output representing process variable
Digital Communications (HART Protocol) Therefore HART protocol does NOT affect 4-20 mA signal 4 mA Level 1 - Transmitter
4-20 mA Current Loop
12
The voltage or current in the wire pair represents one Modulating Current process variable. Field Indicator
Current Loop Power Supply
Smart Transmitter
4 to 20 mA 250 Ω
250 Ω
1-5V
1-5V
To DCS, Recorders
Communication Signal
4 - 20 mA
Control Loop To Control Room Device
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
HART Communications E=IR ±0.5 mA * 250Ω = ±0.125 V
13
Modulating Voltage Communication Signal Physical layer = BELL 202 FSK Transmission Rate = 1.2kbit/s
To Establish Communication with HART Communicator
Modulating Current Communication Signal S
Z
COMM
Minimum 250 Ohms !
4 - 20 mA
-
+
TEST
FIELD TERMINALS
Average HART voltage signal = ±0.3 V
Power Supply
Communication signal riding on 44-20 mA Analog signal
But HART Circuit recognize at least ±0.125 V as a valid signal Level 1 - Transmitter
Remote Communication with HART protocol
14
Control System
150Ω
100Ω
Fuse Box
Chart Recorder
Power Supply Marshaling Panel
HART Junction Box communicator can be connected to any points in the loop having at least 250 Ω
9
Where to establish communication with the Smart Transmitter? Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
HART Communicator for Smart Transmitter
15
Communicator MUST hold the Device Descriptor files for that particular Device Model to establish communication. • Download DDs » Device Version. » Software Rev.
Communicator Module Memory
• Field Upgrade-able » Latest device versions & software revisions can be added-on for advanced functions.
SMART Transmitter Memory
275 Memory
Working memory Holds the connected transmitter’s configuration
Stores configurations for future use & DDs
Configuration data stored in the electronics
Data Pack Optional, holds transmitter configurations for future use Level 1 - Transmitter
Multidropping is possible with Digital Transmitters
16
Maximum 15 HART devices can be multi-dropped. Only Digital Communication Signals Power Supply
4-20 mA + Digital Comm. Signal 4 mA 250Ω
1
2
ica te
Co m
Co mm un
Assigned Polling Address via Communicator
Stand-alone Address = 0
m u 3 nica - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 te
Poll Poll 2 15 Address Address Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Smart Transmitter performs continuous diagnostics
17
Process Variable Out of Range 3.9 Analog Output (mA)
4
20
20.8
Normal Operating Range
3.75
22 LOW
HIGH
Hardware Alarm
Diagnostic Information: – Process Alarm •Pressure drop below 4 mA point ⇒ Output current fixed at 3.9 mA • Pressure rise above 20 mA point ⇒ Output current fixed at 20.8 mA • Alarm message displayed
– Hardware Failure Alarm •HIGH or LOW ⇒ User selectable by a jumper switch on the electronics • During failure ⇒ Output current fixed at either HIGH or LOW value Level 1 - Transmitter
Advantages of Smart Transmitter
18
• Process Variable Reading
0
Can read the Process Variable when the 4–20 mA points are exceeded 200 140 80
PV = 40 psi AO = 3.9 mA
4 mA
20 mA PV = 160 psi AO = 20.8 mA
• Multiple Digital Outputs » Primary = Digital representation of Process Pressure » Secondary = Temperature inside Sensor Module » 3rd = Not used on this Model » 4th = Not used on this Model Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Benefits of Smart Transmitter Against Analog Transmitter
19
The digital format of the smart transmitter makes the following characteristics possible: • Higher accuracy • More Features • Wider Rangeability • Simplified Maintenance • Easier Commissioning • Multiple Sensor Readout • Better Electronic Stability
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Fieldbus Application • Can be used for control applications: pressure, temperature, level & flow • Supports Intrinsic Safety (I.S.) with bus powered devices
Safe area PS PC
20
Control System
T SB 1 2
Hazardous Area
k T
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Fieldbus Network Standard
21
• IEC 1158-2 Standard Operator Interface Junction Boxes
Power Supply 9~32 V
Couplers
H1 Segment 1 Terminator
Terminator
Power Filter
Local Operator Interface
Configurator Power Filter
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Fieldbus Supports Multiple Topology
22
• Topology describes the Shape of the Network Control Highway Fieldbus I/O
Point to Point
Branch
Junction Box
Daisy Chain
Tree Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FoundationTM Fieldbus Communication Protocol
FF PA
23
Protocol FoundationTM Fieldbus protocol is the same on both Highway 1 and 2 Physical Layer Highway 2 for Local and Wide Area Network communications. (100 Mbits/sec or 1 Gbits/sec) Industry Standard Ethernet Highway 1 for Process Automation
(31.25Kbits/sec) Uses existing cabling Power & Signal Intrinsic Safe Field Devices
Level 1 - Transmitter
FoundationTM Fieldbus Topology
FF PA
24
Speed 100 Mbits/s High Speed Ethernet Highway 2 Highway 1 to 2 Bridge
Speed 31.25 Kbits/s Highway 1
Control Valves
On/Off Actuators
Tx’s
Motor Starters
Temp Tx
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Profibus Communication Protocol and Physical Layer Family
FF PA
25
Profibus FMS for Local Area Network communications.
(Up to 12Mbits/sec @ 100 metres) Signal (RS485) CNC Devices Computer to Computer Profibus DP for Devices
(Up to 1.2Mbits/sec @ 200 metres) Signal (RS-485) Distributed Input/Output Systems Non Intrinsic Safe Field Devices Profibus PA for Process Automation (31.25Kbits/sec) Uses existing cabling Power & Signal Intrinsic Safe Field Devices Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Profibus Topology
26
Up to 12Mbits/s @ 100 metres
FMS PLC
DP
Up to 1.2Mbits/sec @ 200 metres
31.25 or 62 Kbits/s
DP Power Supply
DP to PA Converter On/Off Actuators
31.25 Kbits/s
PA
Motor Starters
Single point of Failure
Control Valves
Tx’s Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
What is Fieldbus?
27
• Fieldbus is a network • Devices sit in parallel between the wires • Transmission Rate = 31.25 kbit/s
Fieldbus Segment Only Digital Communication Signals
Terminator
Terminator Power Conditioner
Monitor or Control
Fieldbus Power Supply
Field Devices Level 1 - Transmitter
H1 - 31.25 kbit/s Field Devices
FF PA
28
• Can be powered directly from the fieldbus segment • Can operate on wiring previously used for 4-20 mA devices H1 Fieldbus Segment (wire-pair) Power Supply
Power Conditioner
T
Field Devices powered from fieldbus
T
Standard (4-20 mA) Wire-pair
Power & communication on the same pair of wires. Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
H1 Signal Transmission Wave shape at sending device
29
Wave shape on fieldbus
I (Current)
V (Voltage) 0.75 - 1 V pp 16 - 20 mA pp
Variable 0
Power 9 to 32 V
0
Time
Time
Equivalent Circuit Diagram
Power = Max. 32 V
100Ω
100Ω
1μF
1μF
Terminator
Terminator Device Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Terminators
30
• R-C circuit • impedance matching module • to prevent distortion & signal loss due to reflection at the ends of fieldbus cable • for voltage mode signal on the segment Trunk Terminator
Power Supply
Terminator
Power Conditioner 100 Ohms 1uF Spur Ground
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Power Conditioning
31
Ordinary power supply will absorb signal on the cable – trying to maintain constant voltage level on the cable Therefore, has to be conditioned for fieldbus – by putting an inductor between power supply & fieldbus wiring Active filter, equivalent to:
Power Supply For Multiple Segments
100 Ohms 10 mH
Power Conditioner
Fieldbus
All ground terminals should be connected to Instrument Ground Bar or Earth Ground
Ground
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Segment Power
32
• The voltage supplied to the fieldbus cable can be as high as 32 V. • The voltage at any device can be as low as 9 V for the device to operate correctly.
Power Supply
VPS
Power Conditioner VPC
V1
T
Iq1
V2 Iq2
Iq3
Vn
V3
T
Iqn
VPS - VPC < 32 v Vn
> 9v Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Common Physical Layer
FF PA
33
Wiring Savings are the same
Before
After
Level 1 - Transmitter
Common Physical Layer
FF PA
34
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Common Network Components
35
Terminator
Cap
Brick
Gland Level 1 - Transmitter
FOUNDATION™ Fieldbus Architecture
FF PA
36
• 3 main components
Field Device 1
User Layer
Communication “Stack”
Physical Layer
Key F.F Technology Differentiator Interface for user interaction through “Blocks”
“Protocol Stacks” handles Communications Device connection to network
Field Device 2
User Layer
Communication “Stack”
Physical Layer
Fieldbus Network Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Physical Layer
37
• Composed of physical medium (eg. wire-pair) • Receives massage from the communication stack & converts the message into physical signals on the fieldbus wire to a digital representation that a micro-processor can understand • Manchester Encoding Technique • 31.25 Kbaud Physical Layer FOUNDATION™ fieldbus H1 Segment Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Physical Layer
38
• Fieldbus signals are encoded using Manchester Encoding Data is combined with clock signal to create “synchronous serial” signal.
Fieldbus Messages
CLOCK 1 Bit Time
Voltage
DATA
Time
1 0
+ ENCODING
0
1
1
0
0
-
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Communications Stack
39
• Device communication software provides encoding & decoding of user layer messages provides deterministic control of message transmission provide message transfer Communication • Data Link Layer (DLL) “Stack” Controls transmission of messages onto the fieldbus through the Link Active Scheduler (LAS) Physical Layer Provides various possibilities for application layer to send data to FOUNDATION™ fieldbus H1 Segment other stations Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Communications Stack
40
• Link Active Scheduler (LAS) Only one LAS per Fieldbus Segment If the LAS fail, a Backup LAS (LM) will become active Traffic police for segment 1 Controller LAS
Traffic police for segment 2
Bridge LAS
BD
BD
BD
LM
BD
LM
LM
LM
Link 1 or Segment 1
Link 2 or Segment 2
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
User Layer • Provides the interface for user interaction with the system Blocks - resource, transducer, and function • Supports DDs to allow host system to know device capabilities • Key FF technology differentiator
41
User Layer
Communication “Stack”
Physical Layer FOUNDATION™ fieldbus H1 Segment Level 1 - Transmitter
User Layer - Resource Block
FF PA
42
Describes characteristics of device – Dev Type – Dev Rev – Mode – Master Reset Monitors over-all device status Only one resource block in each device
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
User Layer - Transducer Block
43
Interface device hardware to function block Input transducer block – processing of sensor signal such as characterization & trimming Output transducer block – processing of actuator & feedback signal Factory & User Characterization
Sensor
Unit
Trim
Channel Pressure
Temperature
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
User Layer - Function Block
44
Performs the basic time-critical functions: – measurement – control & control-selection – calculation & signal selection – alarm – actuation & etc. Configurations are built using function blocks
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
User Layer - Function Block
45
Function blocks can be linked together
– within a device and/or to other devices Function blocks can be distributed to the devices
– download via the Host Control is distributed “on the wire” OUT
IN
OUT
AI-110
PID-110
BCKCAL_IN
TAG: LT108
TAG: DVC108
H1 CAS_IN
PID-110
AI-110
LT
AO-110
BCKCAL_OUT
AO-110
TAG: DVC108
DVC Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Control Anywhere
46
• FOUNDATION™ Fieldbus devices have the capability to support field-based control TODAY • Regulatory control without the cost of a DCS or Controller! Host
Valve Transmitter BKCAL_IN OUT
AI
IN
OUT
PID
BKCAL_OUT
FIELDVUE
CAS_IN
AO
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Device Descriptor (DDs)
47
• a “driver” for the fieldbus device New devices are added to the fieldbus by simply connecting the device to the fieldbus segment and providing the control system or host with the DDs. • to achieve interoperability allows operation of devices from different suppliers on the same fieldbus network with only one version of the host human interface
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Device Descriptor (DDs)
48
• contains standard device descriptions from the fieldbus foundation. – Universal parameters – Function block parameters – Transducer block parameters
incremental device descriptions from the suppliers – Manufacturer specific parameters Standard DDs
Incremental DDs
...
To Host System
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Automatic Address Assignment
49
A number of devices may be connected to the
bus at the same time. A configuration utility in the host then automatically assigns an unused address to each device. The user does not need to understand how to assign hardware addresses. “Plug and Play” Transmitters This enables fast and safe commissioning of the
Fieldbus Network No dip switches or software pre-configuration required Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Polarity Insensitive Devices
50
Fisher-Rosemount Provide Polarity Insensitive
Foundation Fieldbus Devices This enables fast and safe commissioning of the
Fieldbus Network Rack Room Marshalling Panel
Wiring crossover is NO PROBLEM!
+
Field Junction Boxes
Host Termination Panel
+
Home Run Cable Junction Boxes
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
On-Line Expansion
51
Devices may be connected to the bus On-Line
and used in Control Strategies without shutting down the Control System This maximises device flexibility, availability and ultimately process through put. Why Stop the process when you want to add a Field
Device ?
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Tag Search
52
Foundation Fieldbus provides a service for
finding devices or Function Blocks by TAG. Variables can also be found searching: TAG.Desired Parameter Can you remember the Transmitters Hardware
Address that you are looking for ? Extremely useful feature during plant start-up and operation.
FT102A or CTL01C03A01 Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Unique ID
53
Foundation Fieldbus provides a UNIQUE ID
(Serial Number) in each Device. This Enables Device traceability from initial device manufacture. The UNIQUE ID contains the Device Manufacturer, Model Number, Location, Time and Date the devices operating system was downloaded . Useful for life Cycle Management and Material
Management Provides Device Traceability
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Trend Collection In Fieldbus Devices
Last 16 (Values + Status) + Timestamp of Last Value Collected
Trend Collection
Transd. Block
54
AI
PID
AO
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Common sense of time
55
All devices in the network share a common sense
of time, which allows precise scheduling of activities. The Application Clock Time Distribution function synchronises all Fieldbus devices. The devices maintain their application clocks between synchronisation messages. The application time enables the devices to time
stamp data (variables, alarms etc.) at source. Scheduling between devices provides tighter control.
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
A Typical Plant Today
56
Control in the Control System
DCS
Proprietary Bus
AI AI
PID PID
AO AO Profibus DP
4 - 20 mA
DP/PA Coupler
Profibus PA
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
A Typical Plant Today
DCS
57
Foundation Fieldbus
PID PID
PID PID
AI AI
AI AI
AO AO
Level 1 - Transmitter
Standard Function Blocks
FF PA
58
• Basic
Discrete Input Discrete Output Analogue input Analogue Output PID, PI, I Control P, PD Control Control Selector Manual Loader Bias/Gain Station Ratio Station
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Standard Function Blocks
59
• Advanced
Pulse Input Complex Analogue Output Complex Discrete Output Step Output PID Device Control Setpoint Ramp Generator Splitter Input Selector Signal Characteriser Lead Lag
Dead time Arithmetic Calculate Integrator(Totaliser) Timer Analogue Alarm Discrete Alarm Analogue Human Interface Discrete Human Interface
Level 1 - Transmitter
Online Control Strategy Modification
FF PA
60
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Online Control Strategy Modification
61
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
A PLC Based System
62
• Information Mapping in a PLC Based System
DCS
Proprietary Bus Data Base Locations 4 - 20 mA
Profibus DP DP/PA Link Device
Profibus PA
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
A
FoundationTM
FF PA
Fieldbus Host
63
Information location with FoundationTM Fieldbus
DCS
Foundation Fieldbus
Data Base Location Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Device Description Coverage
Supplier A pH Sensor Diag Functionality A
Interoperability via specifications
Sensor Diag Material Maintenance Log Auto Calb
64
Supplier B
Functionality B
Process Temp
TAG Descriptor Status PV1 -- DP PV2 -- Ambient Temp
Functionality C Pressure Flow Comp Material
Supplier C
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Device Description Coverage
65
Supplier B Supplier A
Functionality B Functionality A Interoperability via DDL and Function Blocks
Functionality C
Supplier C
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Future Proof the Investment
66
Full Device Description (DD) support enables you
to upgrade a FoundationTM Fieldbus Device by download the new DD’s to it.
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Future Proof the Investment
67
To upgrade a Profibus PA Device
– First find out which PA Communication Profile it is using. Version 1.0, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2 or 3.0. – Then find out if the hardware of your device can support the new PA Communication Profile. – Check the host PA Communication Profile. – Then return the device to the factory for the device to be upgraded. This upgrade can be performed on site if you have the correct revision of the device flashing tool and trained maintenance staff. Profibus PA = High Cost of ownership
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Device Status
68
All connectable variables have STATUS. STATUS reflects the measurement health and
Predictive Device failure analysis. Value: 234.5 m3/h Status: Good, Bad Sub-Status: Description of Fault Limit : High, Low, Constant or not limited Predictive Analysis : Impulse Line Plugging AI AI
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Predictive Device Failure Analysis
69
With Advanced Diagnostic Functionality we can
predictively detect device failures. This can be applied to the primary sensing element, the transmitter and/or the final actuator.
Blockage
Level 1 - Transmitter
Exercise
70
1. Define Foundation fieldbus. 2. State 2 distinguish difference between Foundation fieldbus and HART protocol. 3. State 2 similarities between Foundation fieldbus and HART protocol. 4. Name the three main layers of the Foundation Fieldbus Architecture. 5. Which one of the above layer is the key differentiator of Foundation Fieldbus Technology?
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Exercise
71
6. Name the device in a fieldbus segment that acts as a “traffic police” to control the transmission of messages. 7. Name the block via where calibration is performed on the Foundation fieldbus device? 8. Name the block via where measurement configurations are made on the Foundation fieldbus device? 9. What is the allowable/required voltage range at any device in a fieldbus segment for the device to operate correctly. 10.Name the 2 special components that are required in a fieldbus segment to reduce signal distortion. Level 1 - Transmitter
Exercise
72
Rosemount measurement transmitters falls into the following categories: A. Analog B. Smart C. Foundation Fieldbus D. Profibus PA Select the category that best suits the following statements: 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Outputs only 4-20 mA current. Enable control in the field. Outputs only digital signal related PV. Communication signal superimposed onto the 4-20 mA current signal. Uses BELL 202 physical layer for communication. Has built in function blocks such as AI, and PID. Made up of A/D modem, Micro-processor & D/A modem. Uses LAS to synchronize communication.
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Power Point Presentation Handouts
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Level 1 Fundamental Training
1
Level 1 - Transmitter
Contents Topics: • Types of Transmitter Outputs • Analog Transmitter • Smart Transmitter • Fieldbus Transmitter Similarity between FF & PA Difference between FF & PA Benefits of FF against PA • Exercise
2
Slide No: 3-4 5-7 8 - 22 23 - 72
73 - 75
FF = Foundation Fieldbus PA = Profibus Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Transmitter Overview Standard current or voltage signal (ANALOG)
3
Standard current or voltage & digital signals (SMART) Only high speed digital signals (FIELDBUS) Output Signal
Analog/Smart/Fieldbus Electronics
Transmitter
Input Signal
(To translate useable electrical signal to standard electrical signal)
Sensing element + Electrical Circuitry
Transducer
Process Pressure
(To convert mechanical to useable electrical signal) Level 1 - Transmitter
Types of Transmitter Outputs
4
Analog Transmitters – Pure Analog Signal – 4-20 mA or 1-5V or 3-15 psi pneumatic signal Smart Transmitters – Digital communication (diagnostic signal) superimposed on analog signal (4-20 mA or 1-5V) Profibus Transmitters – High Speed Digital signal only Foundation Fieldbus Transmitters – High Speed Digital signal only – Control in the Field functionality
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Analog Transmitter Overview
5
• Analog transmitter is made up of two basic component:
» Sensor Module » Analog Electronics • Signal from sensor module is amplified & translated into standard current or voltage signal by the electronics Pressure Input Signal
Pressure Transducer Sensor Signal Conditioning Capacitance /
Zero Standard Output Signal
mV Signal
Span
Eg).
Output = 4-20 mA current signal only Level 1 - Transmitter
How Analog Transmitters Works ?
6
Sensor registers process variable. Sensor board outputs a corresponding electrical signal to output electronics. Signal conditioned & translated to a standard current signal Zero & Span Pots are used to set operating range.
Sensor Circuit Board
uF
Signal Conditioning
set 20 mA value Span Pot
Sensor Block PV
Zero Pot set 4 mA 4-20 mA Amplified value Current Only Signal Output
Cable Link
Transducer
Output Electronics
Loop wire pair (Power Cable) Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
4-20 mA Current Loop
7
The voltage or current in the wire pair represents one process variable. Field Indicator Current Loop Power Supply
Analog Transmitter
4 to 20 mA 250 Ω
250 Ω
1-5V
1-5V
4 - 20 mA
To DCS, Recorders Control Loop To Control Room Device
Level 1 - Transmitter
Smart Transmitter
8
• Smart transmitter is an intelligent device made up of modems, microprocessor and memory which allow : » Remote Communication » Diagnostics self-test functions Pressure Input Signal Transducer
EEPROM
Pressure Sensor
Capacitance / mV Signal
Data A/D
Resistance Module Temperature Sensor
Eg).
µ
D/A
Communications Standard Output Signal
Output = 4-20 mA current & Digital HART Signal Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
How Smart Transmitter Works ? STORES: •Correction Coefficient • Module Information
Sensor Module PV
Sensor Block
Cable Link
9
Electronics + Memory
mV/uF
A/D
Digital; PV + Term. Temp Values
μ
4-20 mA & digital communication signal
Digital; corrected PV Value D/A Communication
Temperature Sensor
Bell 202 Physical Layer
Memory
Measures ambient/Terminal temp.
Smart Electronics STORES: • Sensor Performance Curve • Range Values • Transmitter Configuration
Loop wire pair (Power Cable)
Level 1 - Transmitter
Analog vs Smart Transmitter
10
Real Time vs Sampling Pressure Input 4–20 mA Output Sampling 4–20 mA Output
A/D Conversion
• Analog output follow sensor Analog output instantaneously. Transmitter • Analog output will be a continuous curve. • Magnitude of sensor output Smart is sampled multiple times per Transmitter second to give discrete values.
D/A Conversion
• Analog output will undergo small step change with respect to sensor output. Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
®
HART Protocol
11
Highway Addressable Remote Transducer • An open protocol » Users are not locked into a single supplier +0.5 mA
Freq. Shift Binary Status
1200 Hz
“1”
2200 Hz
“0”
0 mA –0.5 mA
1200 Hz 2200Hz HART protocol uses a frequency shift keying based on Bell 202 physical layer to superimpose digital communication on to the 4 - 20 mA current loop.
20 mA
Average modulating current signal is “ZERO”
Analog Output representing process variable
Digital Communications (HART Protocol) Therefore HART protocol does NOT affect 4-20 mA signal 4 mA Level 1 - Transmitter
4-20 mA Current Loop
12
The voltage or current in the wire pair represents one Modulating Current process variable. Field Indicator
Current Loop Power Supply
Smart Transmitter
4 to 20 mA 250 Ω
250 Ω
1-5V
1-5V
To DCS, Recorders
Communication Signal
4 - 20 mA
Control Loop To Control Room Device
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
HART Communications E=IR ±0.5 mA * 250Ω = ±0.125 V
13
Modulating Voltage Communication Signal Physical layer = BELL 202 FSK Transmission Rate = 1.2kbit/s
To Establish Communication with HART Communicator
Modulating Current Communication Signal S
Z
COMM
Minimum 250 Ohms !
4 - 20 mA
-
+
TEST
FIELD TERMINALS
Average HART voltage signal = ±0.3 V
Power Supply
Communication signal riding on 44-20 mA Analog signal
But HART Circuit recognize at least ±0.125 V as a valid signal Level 1 - Transmitter
Remote Communication with HART protocol
14
Control System
150Ω
100Ω
Fuse Box
Chart Recorder
Power Supply Marshaling Panel
HART Junction Box communicator can be connected to any points in the loop having at least 250 Ω
9
Where to establish communication with the Smart Transmitter? Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
HART Communicator for Smart Transmitter
15
Communicator MUST hold the Device Descriptor files for that particular Device Model to establish communication. • Download DDs » Device Version. » Software Rev.
Communicator Module Memory
• Field Upgrade-able » Latest device versions & software revisions can be added-on for advanced functions.
SMART Transmitter Memory
275 Memory
Working memory Holds the connected transmitter’s configuration
Stores configurations for future use & DDs
Configuration data stored in the electronics
Data Pack Optional, holds transmitter configurations for future use Level 1 - Transmitter
Multidropping is possible with Digital Transmitters
16
Maximum 15 HART devices can be multi-dropped. Only Digital Communication Signals Power Supply
4-20 mA + Digital Comm. Signal 4 mA 250Ω
1
2
ica te
Co m
Co mm un
Assigned Polling Address via Communicator
Stand-alone Address = 0
m u 3 nica - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 te
Poll Poll 2 15 Address Address Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Smart Transmitter performs continuous diagnostics
17
Process Variable Out of Range 3.9 Analog Output (mA)
4
20
20.8
Normal Operating Range
3.75
22 LOW
HIGH
Hardware Alarm
Diagnostic Information: – Process Alarm •Pressure drop below 4 mA point ⇒ Output current fixed at 3.9 mA • Pressure rise above 20 mA point ⇒ Output current fixed at 20.8 mA • Alarm message displayed
– Hardware Failure Alarm •HIGH or LOW ⇒ User selectable by a jumper switch on the electronics • During failure ⇒ Output current fixed at either HIGH or LOW value Level 1 - Transmitter
Advantages of Smart Transmitter
18
• Process Variable Reading
0
Can read the Process Variable when the 4–20 mA points are exceeded 200 140 80
PV = 40 psi AO = 3.9 mA
4 mA
20 mA PV = 160 psi AO = 20.8 mA
• Multiple Digital Outputs » Primary = Digital representation of Process Pressure » Secondary = Temperature inside Sensor Module » 3rd = Not used on this Model » 4th = Not used on this Model Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Benefits of Smart Transmitter Against Analog Transmitter
19
The digital format of the smart transmitter makes the following characteristics possible: • Higher accuracy • More Features • Wider Rangeability • Simplified Maintenance • Easier Commissioning • Multiple Sensor Readout • Better Electronic Stability
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Fieldbus Application • Can be used for control applications: pressure, temperature, level & flow • Supports Intrinsic Safety (I.S.) with bus powered devices
Safe area PS PC
20
Control System
T SB 1 2
Hazardous Area
k T
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Fieldbus Network Standard
21
• IEC 1158-2 Standard Operator Interface Junction Boxes
Power Supply 9~32 V
Couplers
H1 Segment 1 Terminator
Terminator
Power Filter
Local Operator Interface
Configurator Power Filter
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Fieldbus Supports Multiple Topology
22
• Topology describes the Shape of the Network Control Highway Fieldbus I/O
Point to Point
Branch
Junction Box
Daisy Chain
Tree Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FoundationTM Fieldbus Communication Protocol
FF PA
23
Protocol FoundationTM Fieldbus protocol is the same on both Highway 1 and 2 Physical Layer Highway 2 for Local and Wide Area Network communications. (100 Mbits/sec or 1 Gbits/sec) Industry Standard Ethernet Highway 1 for Process Automation
(31.25Kbits/sec) Uses existing cabling Power & Signal Intrinsic Safe Field Devices
Level 1 - Transmitter
FoundationTM Fieldbus Topology
FF PA
24
Speed 100 Mbits/s High Speed Ethernet Highway 2 Highway 1 to 2 Bridge
Speed 31.25 Kbits/s Highway 1
Control Valves
On/Off Actuators
Tx’s
Motor Starters
Temp Tx
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Profibus Communication Protocol and Physical Layer Family
FF PA
25
Profibus FMS for Local Area Network communications.
(Up to 12Mbits/sec @ 100 metres) Signal (RS485) CNC Devices Computer to Computer Profibus DP for Devices
(Up to 1.2Mbits/sec @ 200 metres) Signal (RS-485) Distributed Input/Output Systems Non Intrinsic Safe Field Devices Profibus PA for Process Automation (31.25Kbits/sec) Uses existing cabling Power & Signal Intrinsic Safe Field Devices Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Profibus Topology
26
Up to 12Mbits/s @ 100 metres
FMS PLC
DP
Up to 1.2Mbits/sec @ 200 metres
31.25 or 62 Kbits/s
DP Power Supply
DP to PA Converter On/Off Actuators
31.25 Kbits/s
PA
Motor Starters
Single point of Failure
Control Valves
Tx’s Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
What is Fieldbus?
27
• Fieldbus is a network • Devices sit in parallel between the wires • Transmission Rate = 31.25 kbit/s
Fieldbus Segment Only Digital Communication Signals
Terminator
Terminator Power Conditioner
Monitor or Control
Fieldbus Power Supply
Field Devices Level 1 - Transmitter
H1 - 31.25 kbit/s Field Devices
FF PA
28
• Can be powered directly from the fieldbus segment • Can operate on wiring previously used for 4-20 mA devices H1 Fieldbus Segment (wire-pair) Power Supply
Power Conditioner
T
Field Devices powered from fieldbus
T
Standard (4-20 mA) Wire-pair
Power & communication on the same pair of wires. Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
H1 Signal Transmission Wave shape at sending device
29
Wave shape on fieldbus
I (Current)
V (Voltage) 0.75 - 1 V pp 16 - 20 mA pp
Variable 0
Power 9 to 32 V
0
Time
Time
Equivalent Circuit Diagram
Power = Max. 32 V
100Ω
100Ω
1μF
1μF
Terminator
Terminator Device Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Terminators
30
• R-C circuit • impedance matching module • to prevent distortion & signal loss due to reflection at the ends of fieldbus cable • for voltage mode signal on the segment Trunk Terminator
Power Supply
Terminator
Power Conditioner 100 Ohms 1uF Spur Ground
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Power Conditioning
31
Ordinary power supply will absorb signal on the cable – trying to maintain constant voltage level on the cable Therefore, has to be conditioned for fieldbus – by putting an inductor between power supply & fieldbus wiring Active filter, equivalent to:
Power Supply For Multiple Segments
100 Ohms 10 mH
Power Conditioner
Fieldbus
All ground terminals should be connected to Instrument Ground Bar or Earth Ground
Ground
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Segment Power
32
• The voltage supplied to the fieldbus cable can be as high as 32 V. • The voltage at any device can be as low as 9 V for the device to operate correctly.
Power Supply
VPS
Power Conditioner VPC
V1
T
Iq1
V2 Iq2
Iq3
Vn
V3
T
Iqn
VPS - VPC < 32 v Vn
> 9v Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Common Physical Layer
FF PA
33
Wiring Savings are the same
Before
After
Level 1 - Transmitter
Common Physical Layer
FF PA
34
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Common Network Components
35
Terminator
Cap
Brick
Gland Level 1 - Transmitter
FOUNDATION™ Fieldbus Architecture
FF PA
36
• 3 main components
Field Device 1
User Layer
Communication “Stack”
Physical Layer
Key F.F Technology Differentiator Interface for user interaction through “Blocks”
“Protocol Stacks” handles Communications Device connection to network
Field Device 2
User Layer
Communication “Stack”
Physical Layer
Fieldbus Network Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Physical Layer
37
• Composed of physical medium (eg. wire-pair) • Receives massage from the communication stack & converts the message into physical signals on the fieldbus wire to a digital representation that a micro-processor can understand • Manchester Encoding Technique • 31.25 Kbaud Physical Layer FOUNDATION™ fieldbus H1 Segment Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Physical Layer
38
• Fieldbus signals are encoded using Manchester Encoding Data is combined with clock signal to create “synchronous serial” signal.
Fieldbus Messages
CLOCK 1 Bit Time
Voltage
DATA
Time
1 0
+ ENCODING
0
1
1
0
0
-
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Communications Stack
39
• Device communication software provides encoding & decoding of user layer messages provides deterministic control of message transmission provide message transfer Communication • Data Link Layer (DLL) “Stack” Controls transmission of messages onto the fieldbus through the Link Active Scheduler (LAS) Physical Layer Provides various possibilities for application layer to send data to FOUNDATION™ fieldbus H1 Segment other stations Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Communications Stack
40
• Link Active Scheduler (LAS) Only one LAS per Fieldbus Segment If the LAS fail, a Backup LAS (LM) will become active Traffic police for segment 1 Controller LAS
Traffic police for segment 2
Bridge LAS
BD
BD
BD
LM
BD
LM
LM
LM
Link 1 or Segment 1
Link 2 or Segment 2
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
User Layer • Provides the interface for user interaction with the system Blocks - resource, transducer, and function • Supports DDs to allow host system to know device capabilities • Key FF technology differentiator
41
User Layer
Communication “Stack”
Physical Layer FOUNDATION™ fieldbus H1 Segment Level 1 - Transmitter
User Layer - Resource Block
FF PA
42
Describes characteristics of device – Dev Type – Dev Rev – Mode – Master Reset Monitors over-all device status Only one resource block in each device
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
User Layer - Transducer Block
43
Interface device hardware to function block Input transducer block – processing of sensor signal such as characterization & trimming Output transducer block – processing of actuator & feedback signal Factory & User Characterization
Sensor
Unit
Trim
Channel Pressure
Temperature
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
User Layer - Function Block
44
Performs the basic time-critical functions: – measurement – control & control-selection – calculation & signal selection – alarm – actuation & etc. Configurations are built using function blocks
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
User Layer - Function Block
45
Function blocks can be linked together
– within a device and/or to other devices Function blocks can be distributed to the devices
– download via the Host Control is distributed “on the wire” OUT
IN
OUT
AI-110
PID-110
BCKCAL_IN
TAG: LT108
TAG: DVC108
H1 CAS_IN
PID-110
AI-110
LT
AO-110
BCKCAL_OUT
AO-110
TAG: DVC108
DVC Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Control Anywhere
46
• FOUNDATION™ Fieldbus devices have the capability to support field-based control TODAY • Regulatory control without the cost of a DCS or Controller! Host
Valve Transmitter BKCAL_IN OUT
AI
IN
OUT
PID
BKCAL_OUT
FIELDVUE
CAS_IN
AO
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Device Descriptor (DDs)
47
• a “driver” for the fieldbus device New devices are added to the fieldbus by simply connecting the device to the fieldbus segment and providing the control system or host with the DDs. • to achieve interoperability allows operation of devices from different suppliers on the same fieldbus network with only one version of the host human interface
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Device Descriptor (DDs)
48
• contains standard device descriptions from the fieldbus foundation. – Universal parameters – Function block parameters – Transducer block parameters
incremental device descriptions from the suppliers – Manufacturer specific parameters Standard DDs
Incremental DDs
...
To Host System
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Automatic Address Assignment
49
A number of devices may be connected to the
bus at the same time. A configuration utility in the host then automatically assigns an unused address to each device. The user does not need to understand how to assign hardware addresses. “Plug and Play” Transmitters This enables fast and safe commissioning of the
Fieldbus Network No dip switches or software pre-configuration required Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Polarity Insensitive Devices
50
Fisher-Rosemount Provide Polarity Insensitive
Foundation Fieldbus Devices This enables fast and safe commissioning of the
Fieldbus Network Rack Room Marshalling Panel
Wiring crossover is NO PROBLEM!
+
Field Junction Boxes
Host Termination Panel
+
Home Run Cable Junction Boxes
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
On-Line Expansion
51
Devices may be connected to the bus On-Line
and used in Control Strategies without shutting down the Control System This maximises device flexibility, availability and ultimately process through put. Why Stop the process when you want to add a Field
Device ?
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Tag Search
52
Foundation Fieldbus provides a service for
finding devices or Function Blocks by TAG. Variables can also be found searching: TAG.Desired Parameter Can you remember the Transmitters Hardware
Address that you are looking for ? Extremely useful feature during plant start-up and operation.
FT102A or CTL01C03A01 Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Unique ID
53
Foundation Fieldbus provides a UNIQUE ID
(Serial Number) in each Device. This Enables Device traceability from initial device manufacture. The UNIQUE ID contains the Device Manufacturer, Model Number, Location, Time and Date the devices operating system was downloaded . Useful for life Cycle Management and Material
Management Provides Device Traceability
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Trend Collection In Fieldbus Devices
Last 16 (Values + Status) + Timestamp of Last Value Collected
Trend Collection
Transd. Block
54
AI
PID
AO
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Common sense of time
55
All devices in the network share a common sense
of time, which allows precise scheduling of activities. The Application Clock Time Distribution function synchronises all Fieldbus devices. The devices maintain their application clocks between synchronisation messages. The application time enables the devices to time
stamp data (variables, alarms etc.) at source. Scheduling between devices provides tighter control.
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
A Typical Plant Today
56
Control in the Control System
DCS
Proprietary Bus
AI AI
PID PID
AO AO Profibus DP
4 - 20 mA
DP/PA Coupler
Profibus PA
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
A Typical Plant Today
DCS
57
Foundation Fieldbus
PID PID
PID PID
AI AI
AI AI
AO AO
Level 1 - Transmitter
Standard Function Blocks
FF PA
58
• Basic
Discrete Input Discrete Output Analogue input Analogue Output PID, PI, I Control P, PD Control Control Selector Manual Loader Bias/Gain Station Ratio Station
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Standard Function Blocks
59
• Advanced
Pulse Input Complex Analogue Output Complex Discrete Output Step Output PID Device Control Setpoint Ramp Generator Splitter Input Selector Signal Characteriser Lead Lag
Dead time Arithmetic Calculate Integrator(Totaliser) Timer Analogue Alarm Discrete Alarm Analogue Human Interface Discrete Human Interface
Level 1 - Transmitter
Online Control Strategy Modification
FF PA
60
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Online Control Strategy Modification
61
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
A PLC Based System
62
• Information Mapping in a PLC Based System
DCS
Proprietary Bus Data Base Locations 4 - 20 mA
Profibus DP DP/PA Link Device
Profibus PA
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
A
FoundationTM
FF PA
Fieldbus Host
63
Information location with FoundationTM Fieldbus
DCS
Foundation Fieldbus
Data Base Location Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Device Description Coverage
Supplier A pH Sensor Diag Functionality A
Interoperability via specifications
Sensor Diag Material Maintenance Log Auto Calb
64
Supplier B
Functionality B
Process Temp
TAG Descriptor Status PV1 -- DP PV2 -- Ambient Temp
Functionality C Pressure Flow Comp Material
Supplier C
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Device Description Coverage
65
Supplier B Supplier A
Functionality B Functionality A Interoperability via DDL and Function Blocks
Functionality C
Supplier C
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Future Proof the Investment
66
Full Device Description (DD) support enables you
to upgrade a FoundationTM Fieldbus Device by download the new DD’s to it.
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Future Proof the Investment
67
To upgrade a Profibus PA Device
– First find out which PA Communication Profile it is using. Version 1.0, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2 or 3.0. – Then find out if the hardware of your device can support the new PA Communication Profile. – Check the host PA Communication Profile. – Then return the device to the factory for the device to be upgraded. This upgrade can be performed on site if you have the correct revision of the device flashing tool and trained maintenance staff. Profibus PA = High Cost of ownership
Level 1 - Transmitter
FF PA
Device Status
68
All connectable variables have STATUS. STATUS reflects the measurement health and
Predictive Device failure analysis. Value: 234.5 m3/h Status: Good, Bad Sub-Status: Description of Fault Limit : High, Low, Constant or not limited Predictive Analysis : Impulse Line Plugging AI AI
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
FF PA
Predictive Device Failure Analysis
69
With Advanced Diagnostic Functionality we can
predictively detect device failures. This can be applied to the primary sensing element, the transmitter and/or the final actuator.
Blockage
Level 1 - Transmitter
Exercise
70
1. Define Foundation fieldbus. 2. State 2 distinguish difference between Foundation fieldbus and HART protocol. 3. State 2 similarities between Foundation fieldbus and HART protocol. 4. Name the three main layers of the Foundation Fieldbus Architecture. 5. Which one of the above layer is the key differentiator of Foundation Fieldbus Technology?
Level 1 - Transmitter
Power Point Presentation Handouts
Transmitter
Level 1 - Fundamental Training
Exercise
71
6. Name the device in a fieldbus segment that acts as a “traffic police” to control the transmission of messages. 7. Name the block via where calibration is performed on the Foundation fieldbus device? 8. Name the block via where measurement configurations are made on the Foundation fieldbus device? 9. What is the allowable/required voltage range at any device in a fieldbus segment for the device to operate correctly. 10.Name the 2 special components that are required in a fieldbus segment to reduce signal distortion. Level 1 - Transmitter
Exercise
72
Rosemount measurement transmitters falls into the following categories: A. Analog B. Smart C. Foundation Fieldbus D. Profibus PA Select the category that best suits the following statements: 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Outputs only 4-20 mA current. Enable control in the field. Outputs only digital signal related PV. Communication signal superimposed onto the 4-20 mA current signal. Uses BELL 202 physical layer for communication. Has built in function blocks such as AI, and PID. Made up of A/D modem, Micro-processor & D/A modem. Uses LAS to synchronize communication.
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Power Point Presentation Handouts
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