Gulfstream G650er: System Description Manual

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL EGPWS — SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 1. General A. Description The EGPWS helps to prevent accidents caused by controlled flight into terrain or severe wind shear conditions. During these dangerous flight conditions, the EGPWS supplies the related aural alert messages, visual indications and displays. See Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3. 2. Component Location COMPONENT EGPWS switch

ATA

QTY PER A/C

34-46-03

8

LOCATION Cockpit

• BELOW G/S - G/S INHIBIT

2

• Pilot / copilot glareshield

• GPWS ORIDE

2

• Pilot / copilot glareshield

• RAD ALT

2

• Pilot / copilot glareshield

• TERRAIN INHIBIT

1

• Pedestal

• GPWS/GND SPLR FLAP ORIDE

1

• Pedestal

EGPWS module

34-46-05

• EGPWS module No. 1 • EGPWS module No. 2

2 • REER, Modular Avionics Unit (MAU) No. 3 • LEER, MAU No. 2

3. Component Details A. EGPWS Switch (1) BELOW G/S - G/S INHIBIT Switch The BELOW G/S - G/S INHIBIT push-button switches are located on the pilot and copilot glareshield on the master warning / caution switch panel under the WARN INHIBIT section. The switch supplies a ground discrete to the EGPWS modules to disengage Mode 5 (excessive descent below glide slope). It may be necessary to disengage Mode 5 under one of the following conditions: • Aircraft is below 2000 feet Above Ground Level (AGL) and maneuvers during ILS final approach • Aircraft is on a Back Course (BC) approach to an unreliable ILS glide slope (2) GPWS ORIDE Switch The GPWS ORIDE push-button switch is located on the pilot and copilot glareshield on the master warning / caution switch panel under the VOICE ORIDE section. The switch may be manually engaged and disengaged. The switch supplies a ground discrete to the EGPWS modules to inhibit all voice messages except Mode 7 (wind shear alert and warning). (3) RAD ALT Switch

34-46-00 Page 1 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL The RAD ALT push-button switch is located on the pilot and copilot glareshield on the master warning / caution switch panel under the VOICE ORIDE section. The switch may be manually engaged and disengaged. The switch supplies a ground discrete to the EGPWS modules to disengage Mode 6 (altitude awareness callouts). It may be necessary to disengage Mode 6 when altitude callouts are not necessary. (4) TERRAIN INHIBIT Switch The TERRAIN INHIBIT push-button switch is located on the pedestal. The switch disables the terrain detection function to prevent nuisance alerts. See Figure 4. (5) GPWS/GND SPLR FLAP ORIDE Switch The GPWS/GND SPLR FLAP ORIDE push-button switch is a guarded switch that is located on the pedestal. It is manually engaged and disengaged. The switch supplies a ground discrete to the EGPWS modules to disengage Mode 2 (excessive closure to terrain) and Mode 4 (unsafe terrain closure). It may be necessary to disengage Mode 2 and Mode 4 when one of the two following conditions are met: • Flight will be conducted in close proximity to terrain • Landing with flaps not set to landing flaps position B. EGPWS Module The EGPWS modules connect to the ASCB-D. The EGPWS modules perform the terrain server function as well as the EGPWS modules function to supply the visual and aural warnings related to a dangerous flight path, aircraft configuration or wind shear condition. 4. Controls and Indications A. Circuit Breakers The EGPWS is protected by the following circuit breakers: NOMENCLATURE

PANEL

LOCATION

POWER SOURCE

MAU 3B PRI

Pilot

A4

L ESS DC

MAU 2A SEC

Pilot

A7

L MAIN DC

MAU 2A PRI

Copilot

A7

R MAIN DC

MAU 3B SEC

Copilot

A4

R MAIN DC

B. CAS Messages The CAS messages for the EGPWS are shown in the following table: MESSAGE

GPWS 1-2 Fail

34-46-00 Page 2 August 15/14

COLOR

MESSAGE DESCRIPTION

Blue

Basic Mode 1 thru Mode 7 of indicated EGPWS module have failed (enhanced features may still be operable) or GPWS/GND SPLR FLAP ORIDE switch is selected on and speed exceeds 250 KCAS.

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL MESSAGE

COLOR

EGPWM SYS 1-2 Fail

Blue

Indicated EGPWS module has failed.

Blue

GPWS/GND SPLR FLAP ORIDE switch is selected on. Switch supplies a ground discrete to EGPWS modules to disengage Mode 2 (excessive closure to terrain) and Mode 4 (unsafe terrain closure).

EGPWM Flap Override

MESSAGE DESCRIPTION

5. Operation A. EGPWS The EGPWS accepts sensor inputs from different sources and applies alert algorithms to the data to supply aural alert messages and visual annunciations and displays if the limits of any alerting envelope are exceeded. The EGPWS uses these sensor inputs to supply the terrain mapping data that is shown on the navigation map of the Multi-function Display (MFD) units when selected. See Figure 5. Selection of the terrain mapping selection is made as follows: • Terrain mapping display is selected through a MFD menu function • EGPWS sends an auto command to MFD during a terrain caution or warning Terrain mapping is removable from the MFD units through the MFD menu function. The EGPWS status and modes are shown on the Primary Flight Displays (PFDs). The weather display is disabled while terrain data is displayed on the MFD units. The overall range control on the cursor control device controls the range of the EGPWS. The EGPWS uses algorithms to continuously calculate a terrain clearance envelope in front of the aircraft. The calculations are then compared to the terrain elevation data in the terrain database. If the calculated values do not agree with the data in the database, the EGPWS causes an aural alert. When wind shear cautions or warning conditions occur, a wind shear annunciation is displayed on the adjacent attitude sphere on the PFD. The annunciation is removed when a wind shear condition no longer exists. It is necessary for the EGPWS to receive parameters from different aircraft systems as input signals. The EGPWS receives these signals as ARINC 429 data and discrete inputs. There are no analog inputs to the EGPWS. The following table shows the EGPWS input signals: INPUT SOURCE

INPUT DATA

Inertial reference system

Aircraft heading, attitude, acceleration, compensated air data and position information used to determine wind shear and bank angle.

GPS

Aircraft position information used to determine envelope modulation and terrain awareness.

Air data system

Corrected and uncorrected (pressure altitude) barometric altitude, computed airspeed, barometric altitude rate (change or rate-ofchange in barometric altitude), true airspeed and static air temperature airspeed.

34-46-00 Page 3 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL INPUT SOURCE

INPUT DATA

Monitor warning function

Glide slope deviation, localizer deviation and Decision Height (DH) data.

Radio altimeter system

Terrain clearance (distance between bottom of aircraft and ground beneath).

Stall protection function

Selected flap angle and angle of attack data.

FMS

Alternate aircraft position and heading information used to determine envelope modulation and terrain awareness if GPS is not available.

Landing gear door control / indication system

Supplied by discrete logic from landing gear door control and indication system.

Data received from these systems and functions arm the EGPWS for the takeoff or approach phase of flight. This data goes into Nonvolatile Memory (NVM) in the EGPWS module. The module is then set for the correct phase of flight at the next takeoff or approach. The module uses the data in the NVM to determine if the following conditions are within the specified flight envelope for takeoff and approach: • • • • •

Terrain clearance Closure rate Descent rate Climb performance Flap and landing gear configuration

The EGPWS supplies ARINC 429 data and discrete data to the following systems: • PFD • MFD (1) Modes of Operation The specified functions of the EGPWS are grouped into seven different modes. The EGPWS monitors the aircraft flight envelope as a function of these modes, which are programmed into memory related to different flight situations. The EGPWS module has an envelope modulation that senses the aircraft position relative to a database of specific airports. When the EGPWS module sees that the aircraft is landing at one of these airports, it adjusts the warning modes for that airport. The pilot then enters the mode selection for the EGPWS. The basic ground proximity warning function has six modes (Mode 1 thru Mode 6). Mode 1 thru Mode 5 are the standard EGPWS modes of operation. Mode 6 supplies extra protection through menu selections for radio altitude callouts during landing approach and an optional alert for excessive bank angle. Mode 7 is the wind shear warning function. This mode supplies optional alerts for flight into excessive wind shear conditions during takeoff or final approach. The modes of operation are as follows: • Mode 1 - Excessive descent rate • Mode 2 - Excessive terrain closure rate

• Mode 5 - Excessive glide slope deviation • Mode 6 - Callouts

• Mode 3 - Altitude loss after takeoff

• Mode 7 - Wind shear warning

• Mode 4 - Unsafe terrain clearance

34-46-00 Page 4 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

(a) Mode 1 - Excessive Descent Rate Mode 1 operates during all phases of flight and operates independently of aircraft configuration. This mode supplies aural and visual alerts if the EGPWS calculates that the aircraft has an excessive descent rate close to the terrain. Mode 1 operates when aircraft altitude is less than 2450 feet AGL. Lower level cutoff occurs at 10 feet during landing. The Inertial Reference Unit (IRU) usually supplies the descent rate. If the descent rate from the IRU is not valid, the EGPWS calculates the descent rate internally. If the internal descent rate calculation is not correct, the system uses the barometric rate input from the air data system. The presence of ground effect on barometric rate data prevents its use close to the ground due to the possibility of nuisance warnings. This causes Mode 1 to cut off at 30 feet AGL. It starts again at 65 feet AGL when the system uses barometric rate input. Mode 1 has two alert boundaries (limits) for the barometric decent rate (feet / minute) for the aircraft, as related to the aircraft radio altitude. When the aircraft goes into the outer boundary, the pilot hears a sinkrate alert and sees a GND PROX alert on the PFD. If the aircraft goes into the inner boundary, the pilot hears a pull up alert. The EGPWS also supplies a visual PULL UP annunciation on the PFD. The outer boundary (sinkrate) desensitizes when the aircraft is above the glide slope beam. This prevents unwanted alerts while the aircraft safely captures the glide slope. The steep approach mode desensitizes the alert boundaries to permit a safe, but steeper than usual, instrument precision approach without unwanted alerts. See Figure 6. (b) Mode 2 - Excessive Terrain Closure Rate Mode 2 uses radio altitude and vertical speed inputs to monitor the rate of closure between the aircraft and the terrain. This mode supplies alerts when the EGPWS detects an excessive closure rate. The aircraft does not have to be in a descent. The aircraft may encounter rising terrain in level flight or the terrain may rise at a rate greater than the aircraft rate-of-climb. Mode 2 has the following two submodes: Mode 2A and Mode 2B. Aircraft configuration determines which submode is in operation. Mode 2A operates when the flaps are not in the landing position. The system changes to Mode 2B when the flaps are down in the landing configuration. Change also occurs when flaps are up and the aircraft is on an ILS approach with glide slope and localizer deviations of less than ±2 dots. The two submodes have an outer and inner envelope that give alerts to the pilot. When the aircraft enters the outer envelope of a submode, the EGPWS gives the pilot an initial alert. The pilot hears a terrain, terrain alert and sees a GND PROX alert on the PFD. The pilot hears the alert once in Mode 2A but continuously in Mode 2B until the aircraft leaves the envelope. The GND PROX alert is displayed continuously on the PFD as long as the condition continues. Each submode gives a continuous aural pull up alert and a visual PULL UP alert on the PFD if the aircraft enters the inner envelope. The aural and visual alert stay on until the condition is removed. Mode 2B has a desensitized alert envelope that allows the pilot to make normal aircraft maneuvers without unwanted alerts during a landing approach. In this desensitized alert envelope, the upper boundary lowers to 789 feet because the maximum permitted closure rate is 3000 feet / minute. Mode 2B monitors the closure rate for the following conditions:

34-46-00 Page 5 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL • When flaps are in full landing configuration • When aircraft is on an ILS approach and is 2 dots or closer to localizer and glide slope center lines • When aircraft is less than 5 miles distance, within 3500 feet of altitude of destination runway and terrain awareness and geometric altitude functions are operating • During first 60 seconds after takeoff, to prevent false terrain warnings that have occurred because of erroneous radio altimeter tracking after takeoff The pilot hears a terrain, terrain alert and sees a GND PROX alert on the PFD if the aircraft enters the alert envelope and is not in the full landing configuration. If the aircraft continues to enter the alert envelope, an aural pull up alert repeats continuously until the aircraft leaves the envelope. If the aircraft enters the envelope in the full landing configuration, an aural terrain, terrain alert repeats until the aircraft leaves the envelope. See Figure 7 (Sheet 1 for Mode 2A and Sheet 2 for Mode 2B). (c) Mode 3 - Altitude Loss After Takeoff Mode 3 supplies alerts if a loss of altitude occurs immediately after takeoff or during a go around, when the flaps are not in a landing configuration. The EGPWS shall receive radio altitude, inertial or barometric altitude and altitude rate for this mode to operate. The IRU normally supplies the altitude and altitude rate data. If the data from the IRU is not correct, the EGPWS calculates the altitude and altitude rate internally. If the internal calculations are not available, the EGPWS uses the barometric rate input from the air data system. When aircraft descent starts after takeoff or go around, the EGPWS stores the altitude where descent started and compares subsequent altitudes to this stored value. The EGPWS gives warning alerts when the aircraft exceeds minimum terrain clearance as a function of altitude lost. Warning alerts include an aural don’t sink alert and a continuous visual GND PROX alert on the PFD. The pilot hears the alert only one time unless the altitude degrades more than 20% from the initially stored value. The pilot hears the alert again at each subsequent 20% degradation from the initially stored value. The EGPWS removes the aural warning alert when the aircraft regains the initial altitude value. The EGPWS function does not operate for radio altitude values greater than 1500 feet. With the basic audio declutter feature, the EGPWS uses altitude above field elevation to bias the Mode 3 envelope. The EGPWS samples radio altitude and altitude at takeoff or go around and combines these signals to set field elevation. The EGPWS then compares subsequent altitude data to this value to calculate the altitude gained since takeoff or go around. The aircraft personality module controls the declutter feature. When the declutter feature is disabled, the EGPWS uses an integrated function of radio altitude to control the Mode 3 bias or washout. Greater radio altitude and increased time gradually desensitize the warning criteria. For example, at 400 feet radio altitude, the altitude loss necessary for an alert increases at the rate of 0.4 feet / second. See Figure 8. (d) Mode 4 - Unsafe Terrain Clearance Mode 4 uses radio altitude, calculated airspeed, gear position and flap position inputs. The applicable algorithms calculate the alert and warning envelopes based on the minimum permitted terrain clearance as a function of calculated airspeed. Mode 4 has the following three submodes (see Figure 9, Sheet 1, Sheet 2 and Sheet 3.): • Mode 4A

34-46-00 Page 6 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL • Mode 4B • Mode 4C Mode 4A operates during cruise or the approach phase of flight when the landing gear is not in the landing configuration. Mode 4B operates during cruise or the approach phase of flight when the landing gear is in the landing configuration. Mode 4C operates during takeoff when the landing gear or flaps are not in the landing configuration. The alert envelopes for Mode 4A and Mode 4B start at 30 feet AGL and extend vertically to an altitude of 500 feet AGL. The alert envelopes extend horizontally to 190 knots for Mode 4A and 159 knots for Mode 4B. If the aircraft enters the envelope boundaries, the pilot hears a too low, gear alert and sees a GND PROX alert on the PFD. If the landing gear is down, the upper boundary of the alert envelope decreases to 245 feet. If the aircraft enters the envelope boundaries in this condition (with the flaps not in the landing configuration), the pilot hears a too low, flaps alert and sees a GND PROX alert on the PFD. The alert envelope is expanded to a terrain clearance of 1000 feet above 190 knots for Mode 4A and 159 knots for Mode 4B. The pilot hears a continuous too low, terrain if the aircraft goes into the expanded envelope. The aural and visual alerts remain on until the aircraft leaves the envelope. Mode 4C supplies alerts that are almost the same as those of Mode 4A and Mode 4B for the takeoff phase of flight. The EGPWS chooses the envelopes by making the minimum permitted terrain clearance agree with radio altitude; this defines the differences between the modes. (e) Mode 5 - Excessive Glide Slope Deviation Mode 5 supplies alerts when the aircraft descends below the glide slope on an ILS approach. The aural alerts are two different sounds related to the position of the aircraft below the glide slope. When the aircraft descends more than 1.3 dots below the glide slope, at an altitude less than 1000 feet AGL, the pilot hears a glide slope alert. The pilot hears a glide slope, glide slope alert if the descent continues to less than 300 feet and glide slope deviation is 2 dots below the beam. The pilot sees a GND PROX alert on the PFD, along with the aural alerts. The aural and visual alerts continue until the aircraft leaves the envelope. The standard Mode 5 maximum altitude of 1000 feet AGL increases at airports that are much higher than the terrain below the aircraft on approach. This is an effect of envelope modulation. When the aircraft is above 500 feet AGL, glide slope alerts occur only if the glide slope is within ±2 dots. This decreases the nuisance alerts when the aircraft is on an ILS approach. Below 500 feet, the ILS overrides the glide slope requirement. Envelope modulation may increase the 500 foot level so that it is 500 feet below the modulated Mode 5 limit. To prevent a level flight intercept problem, vertical speed modulates the upper limit for the glide slope alert. For normal descent rates, above 500 feet / minute, the upper limit stays at the nominal 1000 foot level. The upper limit then decreases linearly to a bottom limit of 500 feet for level flight or climb rates. For a level flight intercept of the localizer beam, no glide slope alert is possible until the aircraft reaches 500 feet AGL. If the altitude rate is not available, the system uses the nominal 1000 feet AGL altitude. After an alert is received, the pilot corrects the aircraft path back on to glide slope to prevent glide slope alerts. See Figure 10. (f) Mode 6 - Altitude Awareness Callouts Mode 6 supplies aural alerts and no visual alerts for the following items:

34-46-00 Page 7 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL • Transition through approach minimums • Altitude callouts on approach • Excessive bank angle The transition through the approach minimums DH altitude causes an aural minimums, minimums alert. The DH callout function operates between 1000 feet and 10 feet radio altitude for the DH minimums. The landing gear shall be down before the callout operates. The standard Mode 6 maximum altitude of 1000 feet AGL increases at airports that are much higher than the terrain below the aircraft on approach. An altitude callout function supplies alerts for an aircraft descent below the set altitudes. Altitude callouts may be set for altitudes from 2500 feet AGL to 5 feet AGL. System memory records the last annunciated or transitioned altitude so callouts do not operate again if the aircraft goes through the same altitude. System memory resets or clears, when the aircraft climbs to an altitude greater than 1000 feet or the mode changes from approach to takeoff. The smart altitude callout function supplies an aural five hundred advisory alert at 500 feet radio altitude during a nonprecision approach. The callout operates during precision approaches if the aircraft flight path deviates more than ±2 dots from the glide slope or localizer beam. The callout also operates during a BC approach. See Figure 11, Sheet 1. Mode 6 supplies an alert for excessive bank angles. The aircraft roll angle compared to the altitude AGL determines the bank angle alert. This alert protects the aircraft from over banking during maneuvers on approach or climb out and while at altitude. It also protects against wing or engine strikes during landing. The limit of the lower boundary of the alert envelope is an altitude equal to 5 feet AGL. The upper boundary of the alert envelope changes linearly for a 10° bank angle at an altitude of 30 feet AGL. The upper boundary of the alert envelope also changes linearly for a 40° bank angle at an altitude of 150 feet AGL. The pilot hears a bank angle, bank angle alert when the aircraft exceeds the alert envelope boundaries. This aural alert is given one time and then again only if the bank angle increases by 20%. A 40% increase above the nominal bank angle value causes a continuous alert until the angle is decreased below the nominal value. See Figure 11, Sheet 2. (g) Mode 7 - Wind Shear Detection Mode 7 monitors the wind shear conditions during takeoff and approach modes, specifically between 10 and 1500 feet AGL. Mode 7 gives the pilot aural and visual alerts when the level of wind shear is more than the specified limit. Wind shear aural alerts are integrated into the aural warning system (speaker and headsets). Visual wind shear alerts are displayed on the PFD. The automatic flight control system supplies flight guidance in pitch and roll to recover from a wind shear condition. The pilot first hears a siren, then a wind shear, wind shear, wind shear alert. A red WIND SHEAR alert is displayed on the PFD. To prevent multiple alerts for a given turbulence caused wind shear condition, the wind shear warning function stays on for 8 seconds after loss of wind shear detection. The EGPWS supplies wind shear warnings only for the actual detection of wind shear. Head wind and updraft conditions cause caution alerts. These conditions usually occur on the leading edge of a microburst wind shear. The caution alert uses the same wind shear signal as the warning. The pilot hears a caution wind shear alert and sees an amber WIND SHEAR alert on the PFD. The wind shear caution alert stays on for 8

34-46-00 Page 8 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL seconds to prevent multiple alerts for a given wind shear condition. The wind shear caution alert output is disabled when a wind shear warning alert is in effect. See Figure 12. Numerous conditions adjust or bias the nominal wind shear threshold as follows: • Air mass flight path angle • Abnormal temperature conditions in atmosphere • Excess lift above approach referenced speed (VREF) during approach This adjustment or bias supplies improved protection against turbulence induced nuisance alerts and advanced detection of microburst wind shear conditions. The system finds the correct nominal wind shear threshold by aircraft type before it applies the bias values. Wind shear enable logic determines the validity of the wind shear caution or warning displayed through the output logic. Radio altitude and roll angle modify the wind shear signal to allow against unwanted alerts. Aircraft turns into and out of winds may cause unwanted alerts. Wind shear logic identifies the difference between takeoff and approach phases of flight. The threshold value increases for the takeoff phase of flight due to the lower performance of the aircraft during this phase. (2) Terrain Clearance Floor The Terrain Clearance Floor (TCF) function supplies additional terrain clearance alert envelopes around airports. This function adds another level of protection to the basic ground proximity warning function modes. The TCF function uses radio altitude, aircraft position and the center point location of the nearest runway. It also has an internal database including all worldwide, hard surface runways longer than 3500 feet. The database contains runway records including the topographical data of the terrain around each runway. The data does not include man-made structures in the area of the runways. Concentric circular bands, which increase in height at the midpoint of a runway, make up the TCF alert envelope. The EGPWS uses latitude and longitude data and the airport database to select the runway closest to the aircraft. It does not modulate the minimum terrain clearance limits. It supplies alerts even when the aircraft is configured for a landing. When the aircraft enters the alert envelope, the pilot hears a too low terrain and sees a GND PROX alert on the PFD. The pilot hears the aural alert twice and again if radio altitude decreases more than 20% from the altitude where the initial warning occurred. The GND PROX alert on the PFD stays on until the aircraft leaves the alert envelope. The Runway Field Clearance Floor (RFCF) function supplies alerts based on Mean Sea Level (MSL), not AGL. The RFCF function extends 5 NM past the end of the runway. This improves alert operation for runways that are at a high elevation compared with the terrain below the aircraft on approach. In these conditions, radio altitude may be large enough to prevent the usual TCF operation, even if the aircraft is actually below runway elevation. The EGPWS subtracts the elevation of the destination runway from the current MSL altitude to determine field clearance (height above the runway). See Figure 13. (3) Terrain Awareness Alerting / Display Functions The terrain awareness alerting function calculates the minimum terrain clearance envelope for areas along the flight path in front of the aircraft. This function uses airspeed and flight path angle data along with a worldwide database that has topological relief data in a grid format. It uses the data from the TCF to calculate the caution and warning envelopes. The EGPWS supplies visual alerts that are shown on the PFD. The EGPWS outputs a graphical display of the terrain around the aircraft. The terrain display uses colors and unique

34-46-00 Page 9 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL patterns to show the relation of the terrain to aircraft position. This terrain display integrates with the electronic display system to supply an automatic display during a terrain caution or warning. When the function detects a terrain condition, the pilot hears a caution terrain, caution terrain alert and sees a visual GND PROX alert on the PFD. When the alerts are on, areas of terrain that meet the terrain threat alert conditions are displayed in solid yellow on the terrain display. When a collision with terrain is possible, the pilot hears a terrain, terrain, pull up, pull up alert and sees a PULL UP alert on the PFD. When the alerts are on, areas of terrain that satisfy the terrain collision alert conditions are displayed in solid red on the terrain display. Terrain that is close to the aircraft but satisfies neither the caution nor warning condition is displayed as green, yellow or red dot patterns. The closeness of the terrain to the aircraft position affects the density and color of the dots. The terrain alerts show as painted solid yellow or red dots. See Figure 14. The following table shows the terrain indications: COLOR / PATTERN

FUNCTION

Solid red

Warning terrain (approximately 30 seconds from impact).

Solid yellow

Caution terrain (approximately 60 seconds from impact).

50% red dots

More than 2000 feet above reference alt(1).

50% yellow dots

1000 - 2000 feet above reference alt(1).

25% yellow dots

500 feet (250 feet with gear up) below to 1000 feet above reference alt(1).

25% green dots

500 feet (250 feet with gear down) below to 1000 feet below reference alt(1).

12.5% green dots

1000 - 2000 feet below reference alt(1).

Black

No close terrain.

Magenta

Unknown terrain.

(1)

Reference altitude is aircraft altitude during climb or level flight.

(4) Aural Alerts The EGPWS supplies aural alerts that are integrated into the audio system (speakers and headsets). When more than one warning condition occurs, the monitor warning function allows the EGPWS to prioritize the aural alerts. It starts with the highest priority down to the lowest. The following table shows the aural alert prioritization scheme:

34-46-00 Page 10 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

AURAL ALERT

EGPWS FUNCTION

Wind shear warning

Mode 7

Sinkrate pull up warning

Mode 1

Terrain closure pull up warning

Mode 2

Terrain awareness pull up warning

TAD

Terrain

Mode 2A / Mode 2B altitude gain

Minimums type

Mode 6

Terrain awareness caution

TAD

Too low terrain

Mode 4

Too low terrain

TCF

Altitude callouts

Mode 6

Too low gear

Mode 4

Too low flaps

Mode 4

Sinkrate

Mode 1

Don’t sink

Mode 3

Glide slope

Mode 5

Approaching minimums type

Mode 6

Bank angle

Mode 6

Wind shear caution

Optional Mode 7 voice

34-46-00 Page 11 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

GPWS ALGORITHMS

AIRCRAFT SENSORS AND SYSTEMS

DATA LOADER SYSTEM

AIRCRAFT PARAMETERS APM DATA

SOFTWARE AND DATABASE

I N P U T P R O C E S S I N G

AURAL MESSAGES

TERRAIN CLEARANCE FLOOR ALGORITHMS

RUNWAY LOGIC ALGORITHMS

DATABASES RUNWAYS TERRAIN OBSTACLES ENVELOPE MODULATION

O U T P U T

AUDIO ALERT REQUESTS

P R O C E S S I N G

VISUAL ALERT REQUESTS

MONITOR WARNING SYSTEM

CONTROL I/O

EFIS DISPLAY

TERRAIN DISPLAY DATA EFIS NAV DISPLAY

WINDSHEAR DETECTION AND ALERTING ALGORITHMS TERRAIN AWARENESS AND OBSTACLE ALERTING AND DISPLAY ALGORITHMS GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE

ID-249401

FLIGHT HISTORY

TIL-004960

EGPWS Overview Figure 1

34-46-00 Page 12 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

SEE DETAIL A

SEE DETAIL A

SEE DETAIL B

ID-243330

DETAIL A

DETAIL B TIL-004945

EGPWS Component Location Figure 2

34-46-00 Page 13 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

SEE DETAIL A

VOICE ORIDE

WARN INHIBIT

MASTER WARN

GPWS ORIDE

INHIBIT

W

GPWS OVERRIDE SWITCH

RAD ALT

BELOW GS GS INHIBIT

C

BELOW GLIDE SLOPE INDICATOR AND GLIDE SLOPE INHIBIT SWITCH

RADIO ALTIMETER ALTITUDE CALLOUT INHIBIT SWITCH

DETAIL A

TIL-007766

EGPWS Cockpit Switch Locations Glareshield Figure 3

34-46-00 Page 14 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

DISPLAY BRIGHTNESS

DU1

NAV

PERF

FPL

PREV

DU3

DU2

DU4

BRT

DIR

PROG

NAV

PERF

FPL

PREV

BRT

DIR

PROG

DIM

MENU

NEXT

DIM

MENU

RADIO

NEXT

RADIO

A

B

C

D

E

F

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

1

2

3

+/-

G

H

I

J

K

L

1

2

3

+/-

M

N

O

P

Q

R

4

5

6

/

M

N

O

P

Q

R

4

5

6

/

S

T

U

V

W

7

8

9

S

T

U

V

W

7

8

9

X

Y

Z

DEL

CLR

SP

0

X

Y

Z

DEL

CLR

SP

0

FLAP

S P E E D B R A K E

UP

R E T R A C T E X T E N D

10

10

T/O APP

20

DOWN

NAV

PERF

FPL

PREV

BRT

DIR

PROG

DIM

MENU

A

NEXT

B

C

RADIO

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

1

2

3

+/-

M

N

O

P

Q

R

4

5

6

/

S

T

U

V

W

7

8

9

X

Y

Z

DEL

CLR

SP

0

TRIM

LWD

RWD

RUDDER

AUTO CENTER

NOSE UP

SEE DETAIL A

TERRAIN INHIBIT

ON

GPWS/ FLT CTRL GND SPLR RESET FLAP ORIDE

ON

ON

TERRAIN DISPLAY INHIBIT SWITCH RAAS INHIBIT

GND SPOILER

GPWS GROUND SPOILER / FLAP OVERRIDE SWITCH

OFF ARMED

INHIBIT

DETAIL A

TIL-007765

EGPWS Cockpit Switch Locations Pedestal Figure 4

34-46-00 Page 15 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

LAN BUSES ASCB-D BUSES MAU 3

MAU 2

NIC

PROCESSOR

PROCESSOR

GENERIC IOM

AIRCRAFT SIGNALS

VBPCI BUS

AIOP EGPWM MEZZ AGM

CIO / VIDEO

TERRAIN SERVER BUS

VBPCI BUS

NIC

GENERIC IOM CSIO CIO / VIDEO

PFD RH

PFD RH MFD RH AUDIO SYSTEM

AIRCRAFT SIGNALS

AGM

MFD RH

EGPWM MEZZ

ID-243335

CSIO

TIL-004946

EGPWS Block Diagram Figure 5

34-46-00 Page 16 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

AT E"

"SINKRATE" "PULL UP!"

IN

KR

2000 1500

"S

RADIO ALTITUDE (FEET)

2500

"PULL UP!"

1000 500 0 0

2000

4000

6000

8000

ID-243336

DESCENT RATE (FEET / MINUTE)

TIL-004947

EGPWS Mode 1 - Excessive Descent Rate Figure 6

34-46-00 Page 17 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

2000

"TERRAIN TERRAIN"

"PULL UP!"

SPEED EXPANSION TER RAI

N"

1500

"PULL UP!"

RR AIN

1000 500

"TE

RADIO ALTITUDE (FEET)

2500

0 0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

ID-243337

TERRAIN CLOSURE RATE (FEET / MINUTE)

TIL-004948

EGPWS Mode 2 - Excessive Terrain Closure Rate Figure 7 (Sheet 1 of 2)

34-46-00 Page 18 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

RADIO ALTITUDE (FEET)

2500 2000 "TERRAIN TERRAIN"

1500 1000

"TER

RAIN

TER

"PULL UP!"

RAIN

500

"

"PULL UP!" 0 0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

ID-243338

TERRAIN CLOSURE RATE (FEET / MINUTE)

TIL-004949

EGPWS Mode 2 - Excessive Terrain Closure Rate Figure 7 (Sheet 2 of 2)

34-46-00 Page 19 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

RADIO ALTITUDE (FEET)

2500 2000 "DON’T SINK"

1500 1000 "DON’T SINK" 500 0 0

200

400

600

ID-243339

ALTITUDE LOSS (FEET)

TIL-004950

EGPWS Mode 3 - Altitude Loss After Takeoff Figure 8

34-46-00 Page 20 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

MIN TERRAIN CLEARANCE (FT)

1600 UNSAFE TERRAIN CLEARANCE GEAR UP, FLAPS UP

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400

TOO LOW TERRAIN ALERT AREA

TOO LOW GEAR ALERT AREA

200 0 0

100

200

300

400

COMPUTED AIRSPEED (KTS)

"TOO LOW TERRAIN"

"TOO LOW TERRAIN"

AIRCRAFT SLOWED TO LESS THAN 190 KTS

"TOO LOW GEAR"

ID-243340

RUNWAY

TIL-004951

EGPWS Mode 4A - Unsafe Terrain Clearance Figure 9 (Sheet 1 of 3)

34-46-00 Page 21 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

MIN TERRAIN CLEARANCE (FT)

1600

UNSAFE TERRAIN CLEARANCE GEAR DN, FLAPS UP

1400 1200 1000 800

TOO LOW FLAPS ALERT AREA

600

TOO LOW TERRAIN ALERT AREA

400 200 0 0

100

200

300

400

COMPUTED AIRSPEED (KTS)

"TOO LOW TERRAIN"

"TOO LOW TERRAIN"

AIRCRAFT SLOWED TO LESS THAN 159 KTS GEAR DOWN

"TOO LOW FLAPS"

ID-243341

RUNWAY

TIL-004952

EGPWS Mode 4B - Unsafe Terrain Clearance Figure 9 (Sheet 2 of 3)

34-46-00 Page 22 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER

MIN TERRAIN CLEARANCE (FT)

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

UNSAFE TERRAIN CLEARANCE GEAR UP, FLAPS UP 1500 FPM CLIMB RATE TAKEOFF OVER FLAT TERRAIN OR WATER ALERT AREA (>250 KTS) ALERT AREA (<190 KTS)

0

400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 RADIO ALTITUDE (FT)

"TOO LOW TERRAIN"

ID-243342

"TOO LOW TERRAIN"

TIL-004953

EGPWS Mode 4C - Unsafe Terrain Clearance Figure 9 (Sheet 3 of 3)

34-46-00 Page 23 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER

MIN TERRAIN CLEARANCE (FT)

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

MODE 5 BELOW GLIDESLOPE ALERT GEAR DOWN

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

SOFT ALERT AREA HARD ALERT AREA

0

1

2

3

4

GLIDESLOPE DEVIATION (DOTS FLY UP)

GLIDESLOPE BEAM CENTER

SOFT "GLIDESLOPE"

HARD "GLIDESLOPE"

RUNWAY HARD ALERT AREA

ID-243343

SOFT ALERT AREA

TIL-004954

EGPWS Mode 5 - Excessive Glide Slope Deviation Figure 10

34-46-00 Page 24 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

"APPROACHING MINIMUMS"

"MINIMUMS"

"FIFTY"

ID-243344

RUNWAY

TIL-004955

EGPWS Mode 6 - Callout Functions Figure 11 (Sheet 1 of 2)

34-46-00 Page 25 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER

"BANK ANGLE BANK ANGLE"

TERRAIN CLEARANCE (FEET)

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

AIR TRANSPORT BANK ANGLE CURVE

2500

BUSINESS JET BANK ANGLE CURVE

200

30 FT

150 FT

0 0

+ / -10

+ / -20

+ / -30

+ / -40

+ / -50

ID-243345

ROLL ANGLE (+ / - DEG)

TIL-004956

EGPWS Mode 6 - Callout Functions Figure 11 (Sheet 2 of 2)

34-46-00 Page 26 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

UPDRAFT (FEET PER MINUTE)

CAUTION WINDSHEAR AREA

300 200 DECREASING HEADWIND (KTS PER SEC)

100 6

4

2

00

2

100

4

6

INCREASING HEADWIND (KTS PER SEC)

200 WINDSHEAR WARNING AREA

300 DOWNDRAFT (FEET PER MINUTE)

"WINDSHEAR WINDSHEAR WINDSHEAR" (PLUS WARNING VISUAL) WINDSHEAR CAUTION VISUAL (OPTIONAL AURAL)

MICROBURST

ID-243346

RUNWAY

TIL-004957

EGPWS Mode 7 - Wind Shear Warning Typical Microburst Encounter Figure 12

34-46-00 Page 27 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

RUNWAY "TOO LOW TERRAIN"

700 AGL

400 AGL

1 1 2 5 N N M M

ID-243347

4 N M

TIL-004958

EGPWS Terrain Clearance Floor Figure 13

34-46-00 Page 28 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

AIRCRAFT POSITION DATA (LAT / LONG)

AIRPORT POSITION DATABASE

TERRAIN CLEARANCE FLOOR ALGORITHM

TERRAIN / OBSTACLE ELEVATION DATABASE

- GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE - GROUND TRACK - GROUND SPEED - VERTICAL SPEED - ROLL ATTITUDE

TERRAIN / OBSTACLE AWARENESS ALERTING ALGORITHMS

ID-243348

DISPLAY ALGORITHMS

TERRAIN / OBSTACLE CAUTION ALERT TERRAIN / OBSTACLE WARNING ALERT

DISPLAY DATA (WXPD VERSION ONLY)

TIL-004959

EGPWS Terrain Awareness Alert Display Functions Figure 14

34-46-00 Page 29 August 15/14

GULFSTREAM G650ER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUAL

THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

34-46-00 Page 30 August 15/14