Handy Farm Devices And How To Make Them 1000913243

Handy Farm

Devices and

How

Make

to

By Assoaate

Rolfe Editor

Them

Cobleigh

American

Agriculturist

ILLUSTRATED

NEW

ORANGE

YORK

JUDD 1910

COMPANY

Copyright, ORANGE

1909,

JUDD

A/I

Pbinted

Rights

in

"CU253GS7

by

COMPANY

Reserved,

U.

S.

a.

By

SUCCESS results

best

and

do-with

It

and

farm

modern

how

to

are

many

There

and

factory

man

labor

of

needs

Now

are

We

explain

old,

experience all

after a

just

over

in

that

men

lot

is

the

words

tried

We

represent farmers United

the and

ideas.

into

ones

the

practical,

States.

this

pictures,

to

device.

practical.

other

all

are

these

for

the

meet

each

good

are

ligent intelmoney

to

make

any

constantly

are

and

and

in

save

best

to

repair.

every

things

to

all

new,

the

of

tools

out,

made

gathering

how

described

of

and

trying, by

They

them

which

valuable

best

turn

practical experience.

putting

are

store,

any

himself,

but

the

not

for

enough

not

keep

a

able unattain-

and

with

Inventive

own

many

it is

devices,

in

time.

clearly

intended.

workers

make

are

Everything are

can

hunting

we

book.

sold

of

and and

industry

factories

and

handy

not

their

and

them

simple

time

shops

use

and

contriving

the

that

trade

a

an

equipped

simply things-to-

many

But

the

Labor-saving

undreamed

be

who

count.

ago.

to

machinery

know

and

years

and

most

man

farming

works

so

know-how,

that

possibilities

hundred

a

is the

made

has

the

the

revolutionized

has

of

science

It

who

man

bring

to

economy

machinery

industry.

will

not

"

hard.

works

the

efforts

his

the

to

comes

that

Introduction

of

Way

Some

purpose

successful

wide-awake

HANDY

4

DEVICES

FARM

"

This

book

of

on

the

this

good steel

this

present

appreciated

be

a

to

We

out.

readers.

our

and

those

by

stood, under-

easily cut

house

has

else

so

way

chapter

good

some

chapter

Nowhere

mathematics

confusing commend

will

in

flow over-

valuable

a

uses.

handled

been

especially

that

its

and

The

title.

its

includes

square

with

also

than

measure

subject

We

broader

is

barn

who

plans,

contemplate

building. In

addition

from

in

what

doing mind

the

putting what

the

readers

more

we

have

quickest will

greater

book

the

larger

do

the

the

all,

and

greater

have

toward

work

toward

progress

happiness

it

we

education

our

of

do,

to

easiest,

Out

derived

be

to

how

of

into

way.

make

tells

purpose

thought to

benefit

direct

the

to

and

cheapest we

trust

greater usefulness.

doing and

our

perity, pros-

CHAPTERS

BY

CONTENTS

Page

In

Barns

Worth

.;

.:

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c,

"

t.i

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"

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House

37

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1

Orchard

and

Wood

and

and

We

19

83

15

131

154 .

When

.

7

i,;

";

Bees

and

Garden

Gates

.:

Stock

and

Poultry

Field

the

Around

and

.

Square

Steel

The

Tools

and

Workshop

.;

Doors .;

174

189

Build

Knowing

233 .

SMOP ^W^ORK "AND-TOOIjS"

WORKSHOP

FARMER'S

THE

IHERE

is

head

the

going

are

tools

So, in this

list.

and

the

place

Every farmer he a workshop in which the weather things when

make

and

out-of-door do a

farmer

a

few

should

have

either

keep

them

when

Some

the

are

three

and

in

or

that

all

of

he

bench

and,

tool

chest,

can

easily

a

he of

stock

his

that

condition

good

where

carpenter useful

be

found

back

saw,

and

a

plane,

and

a

will

chisels chisel two

;

hammer

or

and

bit stock

with

a

nail

set,

large

gauge

;

spirit

square

shave

"

fore

of

set one

No.

half

loo

a

and

miter is

dozen

a

box

good

;

;

a

bits

more a

mallet

small

a

brace

a

or

gimlets

driver ;

hammer; a

more

or

screw

level

or

claw

bell-faced

a

sizes ;

a

a

drawing knife; two sizes for woodworking of different for metal two or ; a gouge ; a good three hammers, including a tack a

of different a

a

saw,

jack plane,

a

plane;

cold

hatchet

or

tools

crosscut

a

saw;

smoothing a

wanted,

of the

saw,

compass

and

order,

in

is little to

smooth-top

bench

odd

do

prevents

First

tools.

have

to

following:

rip

A

the

above

in

use

demand

thrift

keep

long, strong,

a

should

tools.

and

carpenter

racks

on

find

or

have

essential

should

and

Economy

and

can

there

when

times

at

or

form.

the

on

he

work,

we

carpenter

keep ought

to

them.

jobs

tools

book,

with

start

to

the

all

good

devices

farm

handy

of

that

doubt

no

one;

good

standard

;

a a

penter's car-

size;

8

pincers flat

dividers

or

compasses and

file;

file and

pair

a

least

at

It is poor

large

be

avoided,

get first-class

material

in every

plan

assist you the shop

to

get

a

good

in a

tool

and

course

that

sure

buy.

you

you

It is

practical carpenter tools. Keep on hand

selectingyour variety of nails, brads

rivets, bolts, washers

be

but

Of

tools.

buy cheap

to

economy is to

good

three-cornered

file.

extravagance

a

large,

a

rasp;

a

ones;

medium-sized

one

of small

nippers, a pair

cut

;

of

half-round

a

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

tacks,

and and

nuts,

to

in

screws,

such

small

likely to be needed occasionally, including hinges, hasps and a good plumb sand-paper. Have staples and some line, chalk and pencils. Keep in a handy place a See to cement. jar of a good liquidglue, and some soned it that the shop contains a good stock of well-seaof builders'

articles

lumber, Attached or

to

This

vise.

both the need

that

hardware

hard

bench not

w^ood should

be

an

and be

are

soft. a

bench

expensive

screw^

one,

but

should good size and strong. There also be a pair of carpenter'ssaw benches, a shaving and anvil a horse, a small grindstone. Every^ has about farmer the a grindstone somewhere have to a buildings, but it is a great convenience in the workshop. good one be devoted A corner of the shop should to painting colors of supplies, including several good standard linseed^ ready-mixed paints and stains, raw should

be

oil, boiled for

of

linseed

oil, turpentine, varnish, putty,

of different setting glass,several brushes of glass of different sizes, a good putty knife and panes sizes ready for emergency. A farmer little ought to be able to do occasional jobs of soldering. He needs soldering iron, a bar of soldering fluid, of solder, resin, a little bottle

points

WORKSHOP

which

which

in

furnace

sheet-iron

small

9

already prepared,

purchased

be

can

TOOLS

AND

heat

to

also

the

a

dering sol-

iron. to buy all these quite a tidy sum lated things at once, but they can be gradually accumuthen the is able to purchase them, and as one Whenever outfit should be kept complete. thing anyin the shop is broken, worn out, or disappears it should be replaced. farm Whenever implements or anything about of order, they house th-e barn broken out or or are few minutes Often be should a properly fixed. will make a thing almost spent at the right time soon while, if neglected, it may as get good as new, A be thrown to beyond repair and have away. implements always keeps his farm thrifty farmer

It would

well

cost

and

housed

in

repair.

I

but

what

important

as

that

save,

we

to

makes

earn,

vv^e

It is

us

rich.

as

it is to

leaks

the

stop

what

It is not

quite figure on

big profitsdirectly. RUNNING

If the

face

a

until

the

like

the

a

new

stone

the

to

shed

a

it under

when

not

in

use.

oil

the

bearings

drops and

then

oil

some

will

stone

caused

by

weather.

It is best but

and

put

box

a

make

will

cut

axle

the

the

easy

stone

gum

grease

will

posing ex-

is not over a

A

run.

if it

cut

keep

to

if this

surprising how

will

or

minutes

is

tree

a

It is

of kerosene

the

cover,

glazed

few

every

condition

under

possible, set on

stone

off and

worn

This

one.

in

stone

the

and

is hard

grindstone

on

is

glaze

the the

of

little sand

pour

GRINDSTONE

THE

runs

make

it

little few

hard it go

easy.

It

is

hard

to

stand

on

one

foot

and

work

the

FARM

HANDY

lO

treadle

the

with

other.

The

hy bolting two boards extending it 2 feet,on

and

toned

the

end

Good on

your

and

sunny

An

cut.

which

of

a

is

smile

best

observe

how

can

of

as

be

done

contagious when

be

to

cut

down

by grinding against

pipe, having

the

as

stone

the

dry.

Put

measles.

get up in the morning will greet you with a

you

everybody

anvil

4-foot piece

of railroad

in the

ANVIL

HOMEMADE

homemade

shown

needs

face.

A

A

RIG

stone

uneven

piece

nature

job can be made easy grindstone frame, and place a seat as shown

GRINDSTONE

This

up.

the

to

HANDY

in the

DEVICES

sketch.

can

be

constructed

rail mounted

This

affair

on

will

a

from

a

trestle,as

stand

a

lot

WORKSHOP

of

rail

The

ways. make

and

pounding,

heavy

is

just

about

RAIL

ANVIL

MAKING

very

such

as

small

the

and

where

small

bolts

in the

to

in

of very

are

so

are

the

small

a

on

things

in the

way.

This

Learn

to

easiest is

tasks

like

do

and

a

make

live

mits per-

ing screw-

there there

as

to

pays

of the

one

live, and

Ignorance Little

to

it

farm,

in

Where

things

many

are

the

This

work

bolts.

work,

bit-stock,

cut.

rapid

of

From

weld

old

an

kinds

remove

handle, and

part

many trivances, con-

cut.

wrench

monkey

up

for

gates

shown

as

handy in many right shape to

TOOL

wrench

wooden

metal

the

NEW

A

handy making

used, is shown a

in

comes

anvil.

an

A

II

TOOLS

AND

do

quickest ^it-stock real

to

fire doth

large

wrench

time-savers.

learn, burn,

return.-

-Bayard Taylor.

HANDY

12

HOW

One

TO of

FARM

MAKE

the

most

a

SHAVING

A useful

Make shaving horse. good 2-inch plank, c, v^ill make

DEVICES

a

devices i8

bench

level

comfortable

HORSE

on

a

feet

farm

high

is of

off the

seat.

edges so that Upon this place

a

a

it a

is cut hole a slanting platform, b, through which in v^hich the clamp, a, works. The of heavy hard wood be made clamp must that is tough and will not split.The shank, /, must

HORSE

SHAVING

holes in Several clamp, a. the clamp to be raised the plank will allow as so in larger pieces of wood. The to take treadle, g, is kept in place by a peg at h. To operate this horse the workman the treadle, places his foot upon under the edge of o, inserts the wood to be clamped This the and treadle. pushes backward upon be used and the drawing knife can clamps the wood more rapidly than with a vise. readily and much

be

an

extension

A

On

horse

the as

of the

FARM

CONVENIENT

farm is shown

there

is

in the

continual

drawing.

HORSE

use

Not

for

such

only

when

a

WORKSHOP

AND

TOOLS

I3

little

jobs of carpentering, but also in many other is found a sary. necesoperations, such support is an This little horse the improvement over ordinary stiff affair, in that it shuts together when in use, and be packed out not of the way. so can doing

READY

HORSE

FOR

USE

zontal horistrips,the two boards at the top being hinged together, as the in use shown herewith. While kept legs are in the be plainly seen apart by long hooks, as may picture.

It is made

When

of boards

in

tillagebegins, other

therefore,

with

this

inch

wide and

of

The

ers, farmzation. civili-

human

SPLICER

WIRE

and

strongest

little instrument. and

follow.

Webster.

A neatest

arts

founders

the

are

Daniel

"

The

cut

%

is bent

inch

thick.

into

a

hook

be splice can It is a strip of

One

end

made iron

is cut

lar^e enough

I

row nar-

to

fit

14

HANDY

neatly

the

largestwire

DEVICES

be

spliced. At the notches two at the are filed^as shown in position on right the splicer is seen The splicer

of this At

FARM

the

wire.

to

sides left. the

^._^^.^

should

be

backward, in

(

turned

[f

it appears

as

the

righthand drawing, to make the splice. A pair of large pincers or

should hold

to

wires

vise

a

be

used

the

two

between

coils

the

while

turning the splicer. The splice as finished appears the for

handle net

than

used

only

should

width

of

is about

be

for

the

course

the

right small

for

A

Take

serviceable two

seasoned,

m

to

boards

8 wire.

length

sake

of

of

be

must

be

handle

the

convenience.

LEVEL

in

rather

the hard

illustration.

wood,

be

so

strong

as

well-

them This never

moved

the

piece

7

or

If it is to

feet

union

At

LEVEL

6

long, bolt or screw together at right angles.

3

to

o

No.

of

longer

Otherwise,

is shown

level

be

of

used

be

to

cannot

HOMEMADE

i-inch 2

handle

wire, the

SERVICEABLE

length

The

splicer is

mesh.

for the

reduced

SPLICING

above.

If the

vary.

wire, of the

inches

may

WIRE

cut

by ordinary pressure. top of the perpendicular slit and insert a piece a

of

strong

of

the

thread.

thread

tie

To a

the thin

bottom

circular

AND

WORKSHOP

weight. Lay the

level.

same

Just

across

two

above

the

trestles

of

nearly the

mark

weight

the posistring hangs. Reverse tion of the instrument by turning it end for end, the position of the string. Half again mark between the two marks place a third. When the lower board this mark string hangs over A be placed over be level. shield of tin may weight. A nail on each side of the string,just where

place and way

the will

the above out

A

the

the

weight, will of place. It must simple level may flat bottle

small

of

the device

15

TOOLS

air

near

swinging far allowed to swing freely. improvised by fillinga it from

keep be be

with

water,

and

only a bubble lengthwise and

that

so

the

middle

of

attaching it a straight stick

TO

MAKE

A

HANDLE

remains,

narrow

or

board.

To

the

secure

quite a

bothersome

of

handle

STAY

hammer

a

that

before

they

handles are

than

in

the

is

attached

difficult old-fashioned

spread

coming

WEDGE

more

is often

ax

it is driven

will

There

it is little

or

problem. A special wedge made with at a, in as a piece of wood the sketch, held in place by a fence staple, b, has been devised the need for a to meet wedge that really holds. of The prongs the staple should be bent slightly outward

HOLDS

ON

to

set

way.

little

loose

in this a

handle

in

the

in, so dle. han-

danger of when they

manner, as

and

indicated

l6

HANDY

A

Among box

are

small

value

making

of

tables

of

just

occasion

above

in

the

run

it.

for

crib very

and

An that

referred

man

line

out

There

is

nails.

liandy things uses.

kept

in

sizes

of wooden

To

pendent entirely inde-

to

never one

and

in

washers

ring mar-

any

post with

thumb

a

an

gave

was

from

carried

the

men together by two actual computation of its locomotive a might safely

has

above

100

the 2entirely upon their fastenings and trouble

any

having

feet of tables

a

time

a

will

ing knock-

about

brace

and

will sugg'est of themselves A supply of iron washers

hand,

to

upon

put

depending purposes, bolt and thumb for nut

braces.

passes sur-

alligatorjaw another satisfactory. On

hall

inch

venience con-

brace

a

called

once

fence

stage

pieces

showed

The

sort

child's crib without

knock-down

strength over

year.

in any

With

be

may

was

in the

minutes.

20

a

or

one

ours

a

was

in

storeroom

of

slot

A

a

of

or

suppers

prove

screws.

about

which

result

v^ith

course

description.

and

friend

nails.

bolt

this

right size,

fence

a

or

long will

these

in the

over

too!

temporary strength is essential, nothing

the

farmer

make

of

so

arrangement,

of nails A

or

inches

2

the

in

have

to

about

for fairs

bolt

bit

a

bolts

times

where

and

things

many

knock-down

a

REQUISITE

dozen

A

nuts.

their

BOX

handiest

some

thumb

In

TOOL

the

DEVICES

FARM

collection

bit these

factory satismany should be

of

various

accumulate.

SOLDERING

be done Soldering may by anyone simple outfit. All that is required

having is

a

copper

a

very

sol-

1

8

HANDY

with

brass

the

Before

is

it

together

parts hard

gold, silver

silver

to

i

silver

parts

solder

is

soft

silver

A

copper.

of

Gold

alloy.

2

brass.

the

and

solder

is

part

i

4

parts is

zinc.

7^

jointed

be

temperature

same

solder

of

made

to

to

melted

is

and

metals

to

iron

metal

copper,

the

all heated

be

soldering

of

393^

applied,

must

the

tin,

parts

3

and

steel

soldering

combination

following

together,

as

For

hammer.

a

DEVICES

FARM

made

of

made

24 A

copper.

silver of

to

2

i

parts

of

l|!|l|l|l|l|l

TWFjTlH|l|'|l|i|IH T|T|T|T T|T|T|'ri 'I'l'l'I'I' 2

3

/-IE

Oi

CD

col

CS]

5

idihiilihlilil mil

illii ill

Steel

of the

Use BY

J.

Square

=-

steel

A

carpenter's

called

a

square,

can

almost

of

kit

any

CO

chanic's me-

and

tools

-E

in

found

be

CO

"

often

square,

E_ CT)

-^

"

M

-

ELLIOT

HAMILTON

JN) -g

a

CO

-

Ejd "D-

perform problems easily wise quickly that otherficult. difmight prove ferent Squares of dif-

the

many and ^7.

to

user

-

LjT)

^M

kinds have

and

first

The

all

in

^

05

by

ages.

of

made

were

ht"

rials mate-

used

been

mechanics

m^

-"l

L_-^

wood CCinie3)

"::=

_c^

^"M

will

instrument

this aid

of

knowledge

little

were

earliest

the

historic

3 of today -3 polished

are

of

of

stamped irmnTT

which

The

record.

and

np

of

buildings made

steel, finely with

M

rm

mrm

^^ZL

X908

38^

83

i

9 ,

,

m

many

9

8 111

we

squares

I 9T

Ci"

.

used

construction

the

in

have

^^

and

iiliiiiilnlijii nlnliilii liMulii"IiiIhIiiIiiIhihIii 19

20

HANDY

figures,tables

and

rules, according

whom

they

We

the

to

of

taste

for

mechanic

special

designed.

are

will

the

and

manufacturer

the

DEVICES

FARM

not

deal

to

attempt

the

with

several

of makes, taking up only a few or special kinds This 2-foot square. of the standard the possibilities is two inches is 2 feet long on the blade, which and

wide,

the

at

that

form

the

A

the

divided

of these

side

into

rule number

the

or

scale.

of

feet

desired

in

to

tion connec-

be in

contains

the

piece

the

the

given width, outside edge

give

the

board

feet

width

measure.

long, it

those

feet The

second lo

show

the

inches

of the If

blade.

the

board

contains

board lo

is

of

measure

first space is for for those g inches wide

and

inches

feet board

on.

for

mark

on

These

lo

so

used

numbers

board, also the number a

a

center

which should be space look under the 1 2-inch of

a

running wise lengththe parallel lines

between of

the in

We

from

is

ber lum-

contained

space

of board.

for

placed the for computing

is

lumber.

The

wide, the

8 inches

determine

of

that

square

measure

cut

number

width

the

is used

board

blade

of

eighths

section

wide, the third any

and

in

a

the

boards

blade

the

rule.

given

a

RULE

This

or

lumber of

of

inches

given board picture of

12

order

in

way,

following pages.

On

To

ginning Be-

have to problems which problems are explained

LUMBER

for

this

combinations

different

few

in

be

or

inches square, It is necessary

the

marked.

are

marking

the

with

the

inches

different

the

solved.

of

tongue wide.

inches

of

corner

or

the

on

i^

is

latter

heel

fractions

inches

i8

or

The

angular leg. and

i6

it is

of feet wide

measure.

and.

USE

Now

let it be

board

long.

wide

under

on II

in

This

II.

"

will

number

be

feet

board

inches

wide

and

practice,anyone check

up

Do

not

feet.

confound

reference is the

equivalent

thickness. contain

The 3

After

space

becoming may

given width represented in be

a

taken

be

foot

is the

and in

board

a

With

little

a

and

timber

or

with

board and

square

of

a

with

measure,

foot

a

square no

measure i

inch

in

would

3-inch plank

measure.

familiar

with

above,

taken

to

the

the

different

the

you

of the

use

will

contain

different

and

as

i%2"

surface

feet

described

a,

may

in

square

feet board

rule, as the

of

and

desired:

measure

thickness, while

to

answer

mark

of material.

this kind

are

the

lumber

foot board

feet

follow

ii-inch

long.

measure

his bills for

Square

feet

11

can

inches

square,

the

11

RULE

LUMBER

13

and

13

contained

measure

of feet

wide

the

under

11

number

boards

on

found

is read

of feet

for

mark

left and

21

inches

13

space

12-inch

the

to space the square

SQUARE

find the

to

board

a

the

Find the

STEEL

THE

required

measure

feet

this

OF

the

discover

containing, the

that for

amounts

lengths

columns,

ber lum-

or

amounts

in

the

feet

as

space

for

a

HANDY

22

FARM

DEVICES

given length and the different v^idths arranged therefore, find either length in feet columns; v^^idth in inches this space the other

found

the

until

under

the the

under

In

measurement.

feet board

inch

and

mark

12-inch

mark

this

in or

follow

representing space

v^ill

be

measure.

Ia

BRACE

RULE

USE

OF

and

has

series

a

is

rule

brace

of

RULE the

on

23

SQUARE

BRACE

THE The

STEEL

THE

of

tongue

the

figures representing

the

square, rise

or

reach and the horizontal or height, the run For true example, they are length of a brace. would be read written ^y273S^^ and ^%5 6364. These rise and a length of 38 and run, 2y inches 2y inches i%oo inches, and 45 inches run, 45 inches rise and a length of 63 and ^^00 inches. will give A glance at the illustration 22 on page rule a good idea of the application of the brace vertical

as

it appears

on

almost

any

There

tongue

explain methods

is of

the

its

of

an

use,

SCALE

OCTAGON scale

octagon

but

square, as

there

obtaining

the

of square.

I

FIGURE

THE

make

modern

we are same

on

one

will

not

easier result.

side

of

attempt and

the to

simpler

HANDY

24

One the

method

lines

on

a

come

when

sided

stick:

the

FARM

is shown

DEVICES

in

Figure

stick where square converted into an the

Lay stick

the

the

on

obtain should

corners

octagon

square

such

To

i.

eight-

or

of

side

one

angle that the end of the square will come ners exactly at the edges or corof the stick, make dot on the 7-inch mark a and the dots these at 17-inch mark. Through mark line parallelwith the edge of the or a gauge square

stick.

Continue

sides.

This

at

this

an

operation

all of

on

the

four

of an gives the lines for the corners In making a flag-poleor spar for a boat octagon. round to or large stick this is the operation any used by all mechanics doing the work by hand. MITER

THE

Of

devices,

all homemade used

in

BOX

the

shop

of

one

is the

the

miter the

quently fre-

most

box.

box

After

is put it is

gether to-

a

ple sim-

problem,

with

the

of

use

steel

a

make

square,

to

the

cuts

necessary

to

intersect

two

pieces of wood, as shown in Figure 2.

First, the be

must

and

true

sides

FIGURE

5A

straight and

the

form

perfect

angle

box

a

right or

square

with

the

bottom.

Lay

the

steel

square

on

the

top

26

HANDY

exactly miter

the

on

cut

of

the as

square,

the

edge

FARM

DEVICES

the

of

intersection

shovv^n

in

box.

This

of

angle of Figure 3

Figure

the 2.

gives a

the fect per-

shows

the box to give on placing the square the desired angle. A solid is a molding not molding, which sprung in Figure 4, must the back, as shown be placed on in the box bottom in Figure 5, so side up as shown in the to as get a solid bearing to hold it. Cuts around box to miter gon, an eight-sidedfigure or an octabe obtained in 5A^ can shown as by using 7 the 7-inch inches and 17 inches, marking the cut on in Figure 5. side, as shown manner

of

THE

TRUING

SQUARE

After

obtaining a steel square, essential thing is to test or prove forming the angle of accurate,

first and

the it to

see

that

perfect

a

most

it is

square.

FIGURE

Take

board

planed on edge of it perfectly as Straight Edge. Make a

one

side and

described a

mark

straighten one under Making

across

this

board

a

USE

the

with then

the

is true

is necessary the mark with of the

If the is

not

the

board is

by

If you

a

do

to

the the

on

square will

come

throw

it away;

by

heel

or

the

outside

with

the

a

throat

strike

the

too

dent

at

will

a

point not

If

mark

the

made.

Use be

made

mechanic.

substitute

by

block, lay the

To

square.

open

a

the in

bell-face

noticed.

that

inside

or

indicated a

so

ax

hammer to

a

be

can

handy

any

chopping the

the

heel ;

hard.

B.

A,

7

throat

of

angle, strike the point near

a

of

head

it

anvil, make

an

into

from

fit the

very

possess

ax

Position

Position

work

FIGURE

sticking

Figure 6,

exactly

method

simple not

square

to

necessary

true

in

accurately, making point of a knife and having the absolutely straight. found be out to or inaccurate, it

to

square

27

SQUARE

shown

it should

It

edge

STEEL

THE

as

square,

reverse

square

OF

the

angle close

bearing to

up

the the

at a sharp blow angle, strike near Figure 7. Don't

nail

hammer

and

28

HANDY

for

ready 10

6

immediate

feet

long

8

inches

to

board

straight-edged

a

work

the

with

connection

square

EDGE

STRAIGHT

A

In

DEVICES

FARM

another

the

board

straight

turn

it

from you as

8

board

a

or

8

with

and

over

then

eye, and

la}^it

make

fit it to

the

or

along the pencil; reverse

mark

a

fine lead

a

bench

the

on

other

side of the

on

edge, it

or

pencil

This

multiplies any inaccuracy or deviation time line each a a new straight line. Make with as plane the edge. Work long a plane have

you

When made

have

to

good, dry pine, free from knots and wide. Plane the edge until it seems

iust

line.

steel

of

FIGURE

otraight to

is necessary

Procure

use.

the

with

from

Figure

and

set

the

edge

it while

8 will

give

a

blade

the

fit both

will in

take

to

sides

position,

one

clear idea

a

of this

ing. fine shavof

the

line

straight. operation. it is

RAFTERS The out

with

common

the

rafter

for

steel square.

a

pitch There

roof

are

is

many

easily laid methods^

l)Ut fhe

of

inches

or

of parts.

there

into

of half

the

usually for

foot

a

the

called

is

and

run

divided

are

width

The

parts.

the

roof,

of the

A

at

is

When into the

a

the

rafter, the

12-inch

come

blade vertical proper

mark

exactly then

on

takes

a

position or level for the

on

the blade with

even

12

the

mark

lo-inch

an us

the

level

inches

on

are

stick the held

at

the

run

run.

the

to

be

cut

and

tongue so

outside

position and plumb position. cut

that

is

9

is laid

square

12

height equal number

9 tells

rise to

FIGURE

of

parts

The

into

Figure

inches

10

into

convenience.

is divided

shown

by spacing. Two building and the an equal number building is called

divided

rise, and

glance

is

of the

width

29

SQUARE

simple

most

the

half

dimensions,

height

and

easiest

STEEL

THE

OF

USE

that

edge. the

This

top of the

they The

tongue

a

gives the rafter

and

HANDY

30 the

level cut lies

nov^

the as

of

many

rise

the

over

these

and

of

length

make

run

rafter

a

outside

Where

the

to

square

from of

rafter down

the

Mark

gives the point exactly

ridge to a the plate. overhangs the plate,it in to

which

This

the

or

move

space. parts into

divided.

were

and

another

as

spaces

the square

fine mark

a

along, marking

square

the

stick

the

DEVICES

top of the plate. As

the

at

on

FARM

form

is

notch

the

sary neces-

for the

readily see studying Figure 9 you can the different also, positions taken by the square, how and divided into an are why the rise and run the length of spaces. equal number By this method plate. By

of

the

rafter

is

STAIR

The

stair

manner

the

height

to

go

inches,

as

near

The

step.

the

than

rise.

understood

by

square

on

taking

the

have

been

the

is

into

possible. This always divided

The

for

reason

examining stick

numbers

out

in much

rafter.

is divided as

run

laid

common

up

of

use

matics. mathe-

STRINGER

stringer is

as

without

obtained

to

be

into

divided, mark,

The

which and

same

the

makes into

one

this

as

can

10. a

stair

the

rise

slide the

of

rise

total

parts of about

Figure used

the

7^

easiest

less space be

easily

the Lay stringer, and

square

run

along

of spaces marked. are required number for the A little experience, with allowance made surrounding conditions, and any handy mechanic can lay out stringers for an ordinary flightof stairs. until

the

of flightof stairs for the person be used, size where can plenty of room average rise and that 10 75^ inches experience teaches inches run tread makes or an flight. easy To

get

an

easy

USE

From

this

together

the

for

the

by

the

75

When

stair:

yYi ; 8%

inches

rise

inches

8

which rise tread rise

about a

inches

rise

is very

near

is 9 inches must

should the

house.

31 have

or

be

shortened

never

be

rise in

an

more

well

multiplied be

an

easy

inches

tread

tread

equals

10

inches

by 9^ over,

will

run

put

very

rise

by 10^ by 9 inches

rise

the

the

the

equals 75,

FIGURE

75;

SQUARE

stair-buildingexperts works following rule, which

tread

equals

STEEL

THE

some

average

as

one,

OF

desired rule

the up

ordinary

is not

good,

ladder

inches

as

and

more, 11

the

When

result.

much

than

equals "j^^

tread

"

that

the

tfie is

leaning against

FARM

HANDY

32 THE

The

EUCLID

OF

Figure

in

shown

of

Problem

47th

PROBLEM

47TH

problem

DEVICES

and

Euclid,

is

11 an

the

is known

as

invention

by

ancient

Greek who

many

an

sought for

years

method

ometer ge-

of

a

finding

the

length of the of a hypothenuse right angle triangle in mathematics, when

method

the

discovered,

was

tells

is ing hav-

with

successfully applied

rule

the

proved

there

us

Pythagoras

II

credited first

tory his-

great rejoicing.

was FIGURE

and

to

the

problem. rule

The added

to

that

is

the

square

the of

of square altitude the

base

the

equals

the

of base The a hypothenuse. it rests, right angle triangle is the side on which is altitude The in B marked 11. Figure The A in Figure 11. is marked the height and hypothenuse is the connecting side of the triangle, marked The in Figure 11. H base, 6, squared or altitude, 8, multiplied by itself, equals 36. The squared, equals 64. By adding these together we of the hypothenuse. have which is the square 100, of

square

It remains

the

but

to

extract

the

square

root

of

100,

length of third side of this right angle the hypothenuse or be figured triangle. All right angle triangles can in the same but only multiples of the manner,

which

we

know

is 10,

therefore

10

is the

KEEP

THE

A

NAIL

HAMMER

IN

BUSY

TIME

USE

length

of the

OF

THE

sides

three

5 and 12, 16, 20, others, of course.

STEEL

come

shown

as

SQUARE

even

in

This

is

rule

a

trades

and

known

by

the

Problem

shown

in

in or

masonry

stake

mark

on

the the

many

10

from

is used

and

in the

the

manner

13. on

the

sill of

end

If it

a

building 10

measures

feet

and

across

This is a very building is square. and It is always easily remembered. for running lines for batter boards lines for walks. a By starting from

the

rule

available

corner

feet

and

It is derived

name.

the side sill.

on

angle

useful

off

6

12;

6, 8 AND

OF

Euclid^

Figure

Measure

the

above of

Figure

3, 4,

as

extensively used in the building be to that it has finally come

so

others

47th

8 feet

RULE

such

"

12

FIGURE

THE

33

into

string place.

which or

line

Drive

a

nail

used a

nail

is

and

driven, insert

into

this

a

measure

stake

stake

to

and

HANDY

34

proceed little be

can

and

a

in like

FARM

manner

DEVICES

the

on

other

side.

practice, quite a job done by using a fev^ stakes, a tape or lo-foot pole.

care

and

With

a

of

surveying ball of string

13

FIGURE

ANGLES An

ing angle is the opening betv^een tvi^o lines meetat a point. Angles are usually spoken of as being of a number of degrees. The degrees are measured the is on the circumference, the center of which on are point of the angle. There 360 degrees of the

circumference

of

is

north

so

divided

latitude,w^hich way;

also

east

a

are

and

The

circle.

south

and numbered w^est

by

surface

by

from the

of the

parallels of

the the

earth

equator

meridians

of

each

longi-

USE

OF

are

numbered

can

be

tude, which

They By

the

of

of

use

angle

any one-half

of

a

THE

STEEL

from on

seen

any protractor, the

a

circle

180

or

PLOTTING Strike

where

one

off from

of

should

57%o

of 14

land. Eng-

degrees, shows

14

ANGLES

a angle in a field on large scale line is given or be obtained, measure can the point of the angle 57%o feet; lay one an

15

FIGURE

end

map. number

Figure degrees.

FIGURE

To

Greenwich,

obtained.

be

can

35

SQUARE

lO-foot

a

be

pole

swung

feet from

the

at

around

this so

point. that

startingpoint.

The

other

it also

Each

foot

will

end be

marks

2,6

HANDY

off

degree

I

radius

57%o

is

lo-foot

pole

circle

the

Labor Rest

from

Rest

from

all

and "

Work

the

thou not

Work

down

with

shalt

ride

wearied stout

hire

shall over

'neath heart

meet

Woe's and

to

on

this

ill.

thy

pillow; billow; willow

weeping

Frances "

of

us,

coming

resolute

the

us.

us

Care's

of

us;

entreat

wait

the

15.

greet

ever

that

slumbers

a

that that

world-sirens

"

Lie

that

sorrows

vexations

petty

pure

Figure

are

of

idea

clear

A

from

sin-promptings

from

Work

from

rest

ends

tlie

circumference

point.

obtained

be

can

is

Rest

starting

whose

degrees

lo

keeping the

on

circle

a

than

more

before,

as

always

from

operation

If

feet.

continue

required,

of

circumference

the

on

DEVICES

FARM

will!

S.

Osgood.

!

m

"^2zEi^

^-HOUSE

MOWS)

NE

many

save

may

the

where

house

over

the

of

other

a

small

with and

dumb

of

which

may

convenient

the

way.

A

ordinary

an

corner

out

of

handy family

size

for

top,

shelves

These from

the

say

the

without

feet

2

foot

i

apart.

hung

be

the

center

or

sides, by sash

manila

cord

pulleys placed close to the and kitchen ceiling of the with nearly balanced v/eights, over

which little

guided in the

should

the

cellar

confined

in

a

should be They in scending deascending and of grooves by means

case.

middle from

of

be

inclosed the

case

of

the

top

sides to

may

have

Uiiiiiiiii,

tending ex-

bottom In

case.

a 37

the

fine

ated situing noth-

penditure ex-

single dollar, by

shelves,

the

of

of

means

is

may

corners,

middle

the

in

four

the

counting

to

is

considerations, outlay of time, a

placed

with

square

kitchen

waiter.

be

any

steps in every

cellar,

perhaps, of

means

WAITER

DUMB

STEP-SAVING

THE

DUMB

WAITER

38

HANDY

wire

door

screen

door

cupboard The like

and

order

In

pulleys.

when

latch,

shock

any

glass front, as desired. upward and be balanced sash with weights and

from

the

from

waiter

scending de-

pivoted wooden right-hand side, should

the

ends

ordinary

an

a

overloaded

on

the

kitchen

prevent

being

with

engage

to

shown

as

slide

window

ordinary

an

with

should

doors

the

in

one

or

DEVICES

FARM

of

a

the

shelves, and

quick

too

descent

to

vent pre-

coiled

some

of the case. placed at the bottom If desired small be built at the top a cupboard may of the case for storing little-used articles. Some that food are advantages of such a waiter be placed on the shelves into the and lowered may should

springs

cool

cellar

either

and

stay there

to

or

moved re-

sary refrigerator. Thus it will be unnecesto anything to or from the cellar, and carry will often mean a saving of several trips up

and

down.

may

be

If

the

need

no

to

the

at

that

circular

pieces

to

through

the

entire

a

the

barrel

soaked

hoops

make

them

are

a

Several

of wooden

rack.

Nail

around

shaft

hoops of edge of the

fall off.

for several

in water

be

that

barrel the

cannot

contents

can

the

pierced through

kind

they

made

be

house, so off the stairs, in

step

are

variety

pliable,so

there

ice box.

an

of preserves.

can

wood

thick, wide shelves, so that

cool

may

stairs

not

a

nailed

the

preserves

cellar

and

centers runs

for

for

of

and

PRESERVES

need

descends

she

clean

refrigeratoror

a

of the

turn

housewife

the

when

use

rack

convenient

A

is

cellar

FOR

RACK

just

allowed

the

to

this

be

The

hours

fitted around

to

the

shelves. In

a

socket

at

the

bottom,

the

middle

shaft

slips.

HANDY

40

FARM

DEVICES

table.

A

equal

width

the

the

board

ed form-

other

end.

the

wash-

stand, from

which

had

top

been

removed,

placed down

was

upside the

on

(bbb), one the

AS

STAND

left

gether. This right end of

then

was

narrow

were

securely open

space

to

end

fastened

to-

between

of

board

A

nailed

on

end one top from to the other, and a back

added.

The the to

l.

of

drawer

had

washstand be

fixed

it would other

upside That a

inside stand

the above

drawer. was

it

as

now

down.

the

slide way,

was

that

so

Old

cessitated ne-

shelf washthe ber lum-

used, and

THE

COMPLETED

the

left

the

right support shelf.

a

two

of

washstand

the

and

washstand

the

the

shelf, and

of the

extreme

WAS

IT

shelf

end

reaching WASH

at

support

Then

the

of

CABINET

the

IN

ihls

holes

putty

and

A

support for

recess

about

sandpapered

then

from

two

shelves,

recess.

The

spice

drawers

and

added

with

glass

a

to

space recess.

This

shelves

and

hooks.

The

(e)

the

right

made

for

the

of batten

was

open

piece

the

short

legs

crumb

and

nailed

the

row nar-

the

with

two

cup

left-hand

the

on

of the

door

brass

dozen

top

A

above

closet

a

near

space

washstand

over

the

for

made

the

small

eight

whole.

little china

a

containing

side, between left

of the

also

of

corner

the

then

was

cabinet

support

each

to

the

of

left the

contained

much

the

back

This

in

cabinet

sash

the

This

one

When

again.

to

table.

the

sandpapered

putty.

nailed

cabinet.

spice

inches

4 for

did

it

was

4I

then

plane,

a

filled with

was

a

HOUSE

cracks

dry

was

THE

with

smoothed

was

and

AROUND

AND

washstand,

was

A

draining trays. the

around

top

as

ishing fin-

a

touch. A added in

a

end

leaf, which

could

the

room.

to

left the

corner

side

or

and

the

these

table

The

front

placed

were

other

for

raised

be

and

end

salt

On

this

for

salt,

free.

boxes,

cloths.

kitchen

required, being placed

cabinet one

two

when

one

length of the end was varnish (/) for the clock, etc. Finally, walnut two applied. In each side of the coats, was Similar screwed two were large cup hooks. hang

the

reaching

screwed

were

to

and

up

on

biscuit

the

inside

cutter,

of the

above

Directly

washstand

corkscrew,

nutmeg

shelf

a

stain, recess

hooks

doors, grater,

etc.

DRESSER

HOMEMADE Sometimes

it

makeshifts

in

it is

through

done

the

is

to

necessary

house a

use

furnishing, and desire

to

exercise

homemade sometimes

one's

in-

HANDY

42

genuity

in

DEVICES

fashioning simple

illustration

simple

FARM

dresser

that

shows when

a

affairs.

plan

finished

useful in itself,but will very bit of furnishingto the room.

also

be

DRESSER

MADE

FROM

A

BOX

The for will

add

panying accom-

making a not only a

useful

IN

Select into

the

to

be

AROUND

covered

the

on

of the

suggested.

interior,as

HOUSE

The

fit well

to

fit two

whole

with

outside

43

right size

utilized, then

be

to

space

THE

box

drygoods

a

the

AND

shelves

box

should

cloth,

pretty

some

and around the front over edges being drawn inside. Make edges of the box, and neatly tacked shelf with a a length equal to the width of the box

the

fasten

and

nickel

pretty Cover

the

the

in front

little brass

which

will slide

for

thou

that

is

the

shelf and

rings

Now

This

sewed

the

to

do is

ing-glass look-

a

like the

curtain

can

edge,

upper

rod.

brass

life

stuff

curtain

a

some

illustration.

place

opening.

Then

life?

with

in

have

small

a

on

box

shown

as

of the

love

the

above

cloth, also.

shelf with

have

Dost

wall

brackets,

above

covering

the

it to

squander time, of. Benjamin

not

made

"

Franklin. Earth hoe

a

is here and

she

kind,

so

that

with

laughs

tickle

just

harvest.

a

with

her

Douglas

"

Jerrold. Blest Is

is the

just

to

be

KITCHEN

Nothing simple shown usual the

lightens In

means.

way

one

kitchen

sides

to

the

a

be

secured

accompanying

cabinet

is built

window as

cheerfulness,

as

well.

kitchen serve

much

so

works

that

table

of the

large enough

CABINET

often

may

care

anywhere.

happy

labor

and

wish

WINDOW

cheerfulness

and

whose

man

a

table.

by very picture is

Instead

and In

of and

below the this

top way

the at

made the

HANDY

44

wife from into

may

her

have

pleasant

a

concerning

cabinet, because

no

the

AT

CABINET

not

looks

up

to

go

necessary

of such

construction

people

two

she

when

view

It is

work.

kitchen

details

DEVICES

FARM

would

be

a

satisfied

WINDOW

is merely plan shown plan. The suggestive for the thoughtful wife and the handy to work out to suit their own man particularneeds.

with

the

same

TO

Many farm and gloomy. windows

LET

IN

kitchens It is

in the

not

outside

LIGHT

MORE

and an

dining easy

are

rooms

matter

wall, though

to

this

cut can

dark new

often

done

be

great advantage

to

outside

THE

AROUND

AND

IN

in

door

dark

a

HOUSE

; but

45

where

there

conditions

room,

and

is

can

an

very

small

that, too, easily be improved, expense. of construction, Doors greatly in the manner vary ing havsome having wide panels at the top and some of two narrow ones varying lengths. But constructed almost ever panel door that was every The

in the

treated

be

can

upper filled with

of modern

panel

make

it will

in

place by

is held

and

it,both inside side, and take the

replace molding the

a

panel.

door

and of

is

side may In

this

their

and

door

the

is

wooden

the

that

is

work

the older

cut

If,

done.

the

manufacture

found

be

case,

describe.

molding all about the molding on one in the glass and Put

narrow

the

molding,

frame.

door

will

we

found

Remove

either

on

be

out.

out

the

however,

which

way

be removed, panels can two lights of glass. If

two

place

at

be

to

the

a

part of

molding

away the

evenly, and remove insert the glass, and having made, or panel. Then bought, a little strip of molding, fasten it neatly brads. the glass with in place around doors the two of some In the case panels could be ing them, leavand also the upright between removed, which a single a large rectangular opening, into be inserted, the sash of four, or nine, lights could it with putty and tight about joints being made bit of molding tack Then lead. white narrow a

on

side, neatly and

one

will

give light to door

outside

the

half, and

and

cheerful

We may

know

be.

"

inside

sash, both

the

about

looks

the

room

better

interior

will

and will

the

what

are,

but

that

door

result.

glass in the certainly be made

because

Hamlet.

be

a

with

healthful

we

out, and

An

upper more

of it.

know

not

what

we

46

HANDY

A

Anyone needle

DEVICES

BARREL

who

and

FARM

can

CRADLE

use

thread

hammer

a

make

can

this

and

easily moved,

and

nails

and

inexpensive,

cool

cessible, ac-

sheltering

yet

cradle. Secure

and barrel

leaving the

Next

bottom, form

of both

half

to

form

BARREL

READY

the

hoop that two hoops

and

then

the

frame

the

TO

for the

it thoroughly

heads.

Place

the

the

staves,

and

half

side, removing

other

remove

barrel, clean

sugar

half

remove

its

on

white

nice

a

bed

of the

cradle.

TRIM

is will

hood,

second be

and

from

left at

the

the

top

hoop at the bottom the foot. to form fully (See illustration.) Carenail the remaining staves ing to the hoops, clincheach nail securely.

to

Now

the

cover

frame

accompanying be goods that may is a

an

item,

would a

little mattress

laundered

be

worn or

thus

formed, illustration. Any

the

lawn

one

very

can

be

as

shown

thin used.

in

cotton

ured Fig-

pretty, and

if economy will do. Place

bleaching sheet pad and a tiny pillow within,

or

4^

HANDY

down

taking the In of

the

summer

65

easier.

you

in

the

this

screw

For

netting

and

making

and

where

hurt

unless

and

lumber hook

the of

total

a

foot

in other

the

pen,

cents,

25

cents,

15

eyes

this

the

at

gate

porch door,

way.

the

cents,

25

only

cents.

BOX

A

FOR

CLOTHES

In many of the furniture cloth-covered boxes that for

receptacle well

as

the

use

may

to baby is determined go, danger of falling and getting

protected

ing clean-

or

where

is in

and

DEVICES

affair,for sweeping

stairs, across

places

costs

the

much

stove,

the

he

of

FARM

various

the

as

To

with

make

light and and

of breakfast

had

at

any

corners

The

top will be composed and

nailing not

look

put

on,

off

a

these

can

cleats

two

a

pretty is

cover

that

they

be

of

fitted shoes.

may

beneath

be

them.

two

solid

a

But

cereals

See

nailed

least

very

shipped,

are

store.

into

when

the

in which foods

at

made

of

one

are

workmanlike

more

with

slumber

grocery

bottom

attractive

very so

the

and

the

boxes

grocery

the

board,

apparel, the inside,

chest, select

a

brands be

of

a

as

hand.

well-made

may

of

slippers and are so light

one

such

various

which

articles

pretty

see

may

in bedrooms

used

are

inside

little chests

lifted about

one

outside, being covered

figured cloth*. The with pockets for These

stores

that

securely. pieces of cover by

these

will

the

covering is being plan will be to saw

each end of the top couple of inches from boards and removed supply the place of the wood by nailing along the ends a 2-inch strip of the same thickness. This gives a cleat at each end, but the

cleats

in

this

way

form

part

of

the

cover

itselL

IN

Use

wire

long place. It will box

be

when small

over

the

bottom

of the

box,

for

about

the

to

be

Take the

begin

within

to

this

make

of

that

other.

old

broomstick

available, knife

the center

a

from

center

the

of

of the

the

body

of

bottom

4

ply sup-

going

are

melt

of the

side

the

end

of

one

bottom

slit

of

corners

inches

the

off the

end

thing. If this easily be shaped

drive of

wood. a

the

To

small can

to maining re-

ished. is fin-

scoop

the

soft

can

Opposite

bottom.

your

cut

(a used),

be

may

to

of

or

shears

Parallel

the

inside

handle.

tinner's

Round

may

piece

of

lower

just

handle

a

from

handle,

is

either

the

handle, about

a

on

among have

good

a

and

the

slit.

the

can

that

splitthe of

inch

are

one

time

shears

and

similar

half, and For

can

pair

end

from

cut

the

seen

home.

every

tin

an a

that

materials

a

open

can,

be

not

flour

short

a

household

about

one

the

of

of

the

at

from

With

pair

in

almost

top.

strong

will

CANS

and

sugar

and

ordinary

an

will

up

unnecessary. tacked the on

be

TIN

utensils

made

about

waste

off

handling

pantry;

may

Use

covering

top

can

FROM

convenient

most

hand.

all.

at

SCOOPS

the

line the

inside, which

the

the tacks

so

is at

in

pieces

and

outside

along cover

end

cover

the

over

of the

49

these

the

carry

tacks

edge

Scoops

HOUSE

secure

down

of

use

the outside

to

and

top and

lower

THE

to simple matter covering material

a

tacks

the

The

AROUND

nails

the

very

make

AND

of

an

is not with

attach

a

the

nail

through'

and

into

the

50 Some

additional

that

so

the

of salmon

or

buckets

may

A

A

handy 3

scoop,

makes

sugar,

while

convenient cans

and

be

thus

utilized

for

Take

two

long.

two

similar

may

boards

serve

very

12

be

made

inches

together

with

as

wide two

TABLE

HANDY

and

sized

TABLE

table

them

Fasten

A

half-gallon paint terials. handling light ma-

FOLDING

strips 2 inches wide these strips by strong take

very

tomato

sewing planed

dle mid-

stiffening it.

meals,

or

the

thus

and

SIMPLE

Now

a

by planning down

run

flour

game

feet

will

can

HOMEMADE

follows: and

the

can

the

for

nicely

of

corn

for

scoop

of the

lip

is obtained

strength

seam

the

DEVICES

FARM

KANDY

24

screws

long. Fasten upright position. fasten them by

inches in

strips and

IN

hinges four

to

fasten

same

much

a

A

A

the them

The

THE

pieces screwed legs to these in the

Take

hold

AROUND

the

to

stout

cut.

AND

two

HOUSE

the

on

51 boards. shown

manner

three-cornered

Fasten

boards

in the

large enough position,and

dropped into legs stiff when by hinges, as shown. be followed in making general plan may larger and heavier table or a lighterone. BUTTER

HOMEMADE

worker

is

WORKER

of the

handy devices that farm. A good type is shown should be upon every of close-grained hardIt is made wood in the drawing. recommended birch are tightmaple or and knots in perfectly smooth jointed,free from It slopes enough to drain readily at the narsize. row end through a short piece of lead pipe inserted butter

one

"

"

BUTTER

at

the

smooth

bottom. iron

rod

easily inserted

WORKER

working spike at its

The or

into

or

removed

bar

has

lower

from

a

strong,

end, which

is

hole

in

the

HANDY

52 which

it works.

in contact and

it

The the

with

flat sides

two

be

must

FARM

is

about a

with

good

Take

one:

milk

home

and

contains,

a

then

mix

large tub together not

to

that

6

leave

to

boiler.

80

to

too

cool

side

course^

6

about

90 hot

it covered

make

to

when small

a

batch

with

a

cloth

milk

degrees. to

until

II

in

a

milk

may

expose

be

to

a

a

heated be

must

it

it in

with

then

Care

and

morning

used

draft

so

quickly.

Another use

is

one

PRESS

All

or

easily

may

following method ing's gallons of the even-

65 to 70 degrees gallons of morning's

get it

it will

For

process. of milk the

of

or

comes

one

Of

or

difficult task

CHEESE

temperature

on

appliances

necessary

the

gallons

12

that

CHEESEMAKING

it is not

familiar

once

of

and

bar

a

as

Nearly every farm supplied with, the

cheese,

the

right angle. possible.

at

meet

of

is half-round

butter

HOME

be

part

smooth

as

DEVICES

preferred by some good method gallons of perfectlysweet morning's

is milk

to

and

IN

this

to

add

minutes

right

all

heat

and

Rennet useful

and

tablet milk

The

for

in half after

minutes.

a

is

it

form

has

soured

and

be

stirred

well

it in

the

be

glass

of cold heated

Some

cheesemakers

and

grees de-

90 hot.

Dissolve add

two

one

to

the

for two

stir well

use

it

convenient

and

water

to

too

is most

cheesemaking.

boiler

by placing

not

home

been

86

15

easiest

wash

a

stove

of tablets

about

The

to

gets up

it has

for

in.

put

must

stove

53

left

place

it from

raise

in the

that

and

is to

until

HOUSE

should

rennet

milk

bricks.

two

on

then

milk

lumps

the

stove

THE

milk

the

the

the

on

of

sour

before

to

way

The

out

get

AROUND

gallon

i

thickened. to

AND

three

or

for

time, but

are beginners two If you have liquid rennet extract, usually enough. about two use tablespoonfuls.

tablets, as

it

saves

Cutting The be

will curdle

rennet

ready

determined

done

Cut

until

the

squares.

minutes, all the 90

raised with

wire.

up

to

Curd

the

milk

and

This

minutes.

40

breaks

curd

if the

The

knife blade.

a

toaster,

a

long

curd

the

knife

can

clean

will be like

cutting can or a heavy

lengthwise of the vessel and then crosswise curd is in nearly uniform pieces of %-inch After cutting, leave the curd on for five then heat slowly to 100 degrees, stirring

degrees

heat

on

wire

a

Cook

time.

the

20

by noting

jellywhen be

in

cut

to

the

as

curd and

for about

40

minutes

at

as

possible,stirringoccasionally to from sticking together. Keep

do

not

allow

the

to

mass

near

vent pre-

the

cool.

ready, take a it in the hand and squeeze handful firmly and if it feels elastic and does not stick together, it has been is good, the curd If the milk "cooked long enough. To

determine

when

the

curd

is

HANDY

54 have

should the

as

the After

the

and

sieve

a

As

whey

off

vessel.

before

and

soon

dip

or

another

in

place

drained

is well

curd

off the

draw

cooked,

is

with

curd

odor.

pleasant, slightlyacid

a

curd

DEVICES

FARM

it sticks

together, add ^ pound of fine salt and mix well. After salting, let it cool for 15 minutes, stirring it is ready for the hoop. occasionally,when Pressing For inches

peck in

cheese

a

without

measure

for

sides

shown end

of

the

the

curd

cheesecloth, and

of

the

fasten

and

it

cloth it

firmly, put fold

the

around

a

first,but

after

make

pressure

the

hour

an

or

punched device

a

press

curd

the

the

the

rearrange

The

the is

upper

hoop packed and

end

upper

pressure

with

bottom

the of

edge

it

the

Turn

the

heavier.

line

of

size

on

Before

stones.

slight

pressing

should

finished

cellar

which

has

around

daily, and occasionally with

in

three

four

or

degrees,

but

Twelve

gallons

pounds

of

an

if it shows butter. weeks.

it takes of

signs

It should Cheese

longer milk

than

should

cheese, according

to

of

molding, be ready to

will when

at

cure

too

50

or

it

Turn

temperature.

even

at

and

cloth

day. Do not press in by the next cool about a place, but keep the temperature degrees. For in a damp room curing, set the cheese

be

7 old

an

are

hoop,

When

Make

tight.

over

with

the

piece of cloth

hoop

well, the pail at the

side.

over

tight.

deep a

serve

being filled placed in the one piece the

another

edge

For

drainage. will

tin

a

if holes

bottom

lever is

use

inches

12

a

sketch

in the

can

one

and

diameter

in

the

hoop,

Curing

and

rub eat

40

warmer.

make

about

richness

of

10

milk.

56

HANDY

small

the

IN

THE

DAIRY

gasoline engines adapted been

have

separators

cream

DEVICES

POWER

TREAD

While

FARM

hailed

w^ith

dairymen, the old tread power many economical and reliable source very a

heavy

sheep, dog

SEPARATOR

enough

churn

BY

RAM

at

power.

bull

produced practicallyno

to

the

run

separator except for

cost

tread.

the

One

has been to difficulty speed, but this is solved

of

of

a

POWER

be

can

power and

RUN

delight

dairy herd

the

or

ning run-

is still

by

With

to

attached direct

to

drive

the

from

tread.

to

is to

have

adjoining the

room

will

A

not

be

exposed

great many

schemes

to

men

if

While

tread

arrangement

secure

the

wear

sidestep honest

the

the

sketch

tread

shows

located

out

is a

able desir-

more

of the

themselves work.

a

where

room,

breath

rate

heavy flywheel

separator,

separator to

a

uniform

a

the

in

a

milk

animal.

devising

IN

AND

A

A

LAMP

the

the

in

in

screw

of

under

the

side,

device, which

the

completes

A

center

the

on

6-inch

a

fit them.

to

board,

for

of board

triangular piece hook

57

COOKING

utilized

of

corners

which

HOUSE

in cooking purposes Make a : tripod by taking three way of equal length, putting in one end nail and making slightly slanting holes

headless

in

THE

FOR

be

lamp may the following strips of wood a

AROUND

a only to be stood over lighted lamp to be ready for A small work. stew kettle, the hook, tin pail,hung on or

has

within

lamp

"

short

large lamp,

with

it will

give

wick, two as

three

or

one

boiling

If you

order.

the

enables

pot

a

of

inch

chimney,

have

to

half

a

"

in

have

a

round

a

the

common

and

ones,

stove. a rapidly as over With an ordinary lamp,

boiled,

or

in and

easy

made

the

getting

coffee

chocolate

piece of suspend it from

round

hold As not

steeper

a

this in

use,

the

for

tripod

Stood

of sickness. can

hook,

be

during

hot

iron, with

sheet

baby's milk,

heat

device

is

an

derfully won-

is also

This

meal.

to

case

table, the

or

quickly, helping

a

way

night, in

by the

chair

of

heated, eggs-

be

can

almost

cook

can

you

food

very

convenient

in the

water,

the

cofTee

HEATER

LAMP

of

heat

used

or

on

a

keep

time.

A

attached

to

meal

chains

to

an

additional

help, to

tea.

be

can

it will

be

taken found

readily,when good adjunct to

apart a

s

58

HANDY

outfit,

camping for

stove, be

wanted

the make

there but

hot

a

of the

medicine

baby,

is needed,

is hot

time

when

over

it would

still

be

to

night.

found

to

The

it

baby's worrying

for

a

bottle

following

worth

be

when

quickly

often

more

at

it,for

had

be

must

and

make

to

made

be

NIGHT

ALL

that

water

been

trouble

will

nothing

can

than

camp

stove.

things

has the

trouble

WATER

HOT One

times

a

carry

you when

drink, which

less

fire in the

a

DEVICES

though

even

w^ill be

with

lamp

FARM

saves

trivance con-

times

many

at

annoyance

hours

mean

may

a

of

sittingup. Place

socket

the

enough chimney of

above

be

round

5

the

6 inches

or

iron

that

so

lamp just high top of a hand lamp

bracket

wall

a

table

a

will

of

below

Make

it.

an

small

piping long enough to extend the lamp and to this hang a hook, on out over which hang a small teakettle or pail. In this enough for the needs of a night can be kept hot without water boiling,and will be ready at an instant's notice. As where a night lamp is a necessity in a house arm

there

is

for

the

sufficient socket the

the

on

hook

chimney bottom steam

wall the

should of

the

The

be

can

kettle

not

be

of this device

cost

of

blaze heat.

and

small

a

will

vide pro-

height for the determined by measuring be used. to The lamp proper

than

nearer

kettle, or

burner

will be

the

2

inches will

water

to

boil

the and

away. HOW

Here

the

the

youngster,

a

nothing,

or

is

handy

CUT

TO

one man

of

the can

most

give

BREAD useful his

EVEN

devices

attention.

to

which

It is very

IN

that

rarely

AND

AROUND

THE

housekeeper

a

cut

can

slices of bread, however have

to

the

on

shows

without

Near

piece

a

in the

cut.

inches

of

be

can

on

either

BREAD

CUTTING

stout

These

high, firmly

board

pine

end,

one

of very

length

desire

may

of

cut

an

The all

thickness

even

slant.

any

pieces 7

she

the other. edge and thin on a simple arrangement by which

slices of bread

Cut

much

some hand-

and

even

bread

one

drawing the

59

One slice plate look attractive. will be thin, another thick, while another

vv^ill be

thick

HOUSE

and

about

to

side,

inserted

double,

in

firmly

as

should

supports

should

inches.

13

x

two

BOARD

wire, bent wire

9 insert

suggested be

another

have

wood.

the

at

least

inch The

of

wire

larger still,and stand should exactly at right angles to the board. the largest loaf will Put far enough apart so them them, and have the opening in readily go between each standard wire just wide enough so the knife The will slide up and down without wobbling dotted the position of the knife when lines show should

be

as

stout

as

No.

12,

or

"

"

6o

HANDY

FARM

DEVICES

little strip of wood in front of a place. Screw make the wire, just far enough ahead the sliceto of bread Press the loaf upthe right thickness. against this guide and cut off a slice,then press the shortened loaf up again, and repeat the process.

in

HOMEMADE It's of

a

cold

COOLER

WATER nice

mighty water

thing

the

at

barn

to

have

good supply

a

threshers, or buskers,

when

harvesters

hay at

are

work. and

corn

A

simple

effective

rangement ar-

be

can

made flour

by

using

barrel

a

and

a

lo-gallon stone jar. side the Place jar inbarrel

the

with

it

surround

and

charcoal, sawdust^ or chaff, if nothing else

is

With

a

and

wet

spread

over

keep (The

uses

COOLER

of such

keeping KEEP A

very

a

many

FOOD convenient

dairy products

may

tight

a

top, WATER

available.

this

cloth the will

water

ice

in

cold

arrangement.

be multiplied to may things cool in the house.

cooler

IN

COOL and be

clude in-

SUMMER

serviceable formed

lid

place by sinking

to a

keep

large

AND

IN

barrel

chosen,

or

the

heat

Fill

in

of the

shady will

sun

should

spot affect

barrel

the

with in

sand, dampened

be perature. tem-

small

order

to

coolness.

maintain

Construct

a

barrel, and

box

bank

around up

This

also

makes

-from

the

drains the

top

coolness.

place on hinged fastened

off the

the

solid

of the

barrel

opening,

which

Next

down

the

of the

top

earth, preferably

when

water

shape top of the barrel, and

lid for

the

above

COOLER

bottom

of

and

with

FOOD

^lay.

6i

HOUSE

the

around

and

gravel

stones,

A

ground.

the

in

THE

AROUND

box, and

tightly.

a

arrange

down

farther further

light, inner then

make

it

It

it rains.

so

a

motes pro-

lid

to

strong,

it may

be

62

HANDY

Sprinkle of the for

little

a

barrel, and

By

use.

odors

of

strong

boards

the

to

the

wheel

on

rope a

If the

little

prevent

mold

the

house

will

which can

of

box

near

that

in

shelves

crank

the

the

is i6

and

the

serve

a

frame

a

board

of on

Attach

run.

shelves,

shaft

top.

for

with

it

pass

balance

a

over

with

old

on

when

dropping parts such

as

of

a

have

to

chain

elevator

do a

is

42

may

with

door

a

drawn

are

cool

as

serve

as

for

as

to

erator, refrig-

a

the

serves

to

counter

inches

Any weight,

wheel, such the

prevent

filled. to

cable.

a

the

ratchet

it is well wood

perature tem-

less expense.

pumps,

possible of

lowest

arrangement

an

down

looking top

they

almost

will

will

of iron

nice

when

great deal

a

the

arrangement,

are

sort

extended

and

water

A

shelves

clothesline

it is well

the

the

wells

this

pieces

found

the

Most

wire

of

long

secured.

be

and purpose

feet

surface

into

opening

and

to

be

may

handy

Construct

groove

of

box

constructed

old

a

top of the

may

A

devised

be

with

frame

to

near

the

this

in

ready

weight.

counter

be

vessels

is located

refrigerator.

a

of the

side

well

may

is

DUMMY

COOLER

deep, cool

purpose

other

the

bottom

cellar

several

out

arrangement

an

careful

the

on

occasionally collecting.

Air

from

a

sand

little barrel

your

above

A Where

DEVICES

dampened

being

arranged one receptacle. and

FARM

Make

prevent

high

as

elevator as

many

rusting. and

are

One

18

inches

but

if you

square.

Turning use

it

as

a

the

grindstone is muscle developer

hard

work;

it will

help

out.

64

REFRIGERATOR

HOMEMADE Take the

every of bottom

inches

ashes.

coal space

on

Put

smaller

the with

the

both

boxes

to

lids

to

of

be

of

sides

both

the

laid

ICELESS

of

box

fit

rest

MILK

warm

in the

lath,

on.

COOLER

picture shows the

Fix

of

rack, made to

or

shelves

Put

place

a

2

fill the

ashes.

or

Leave A

AND

in

holes

and

inside

tightly.

for ice

BUTTER

accompanying utilized during

box

charcoal

ice.

the bottom

at

i-inch

two

than

smaller

drainage. Fill up powdered charcoal

box.

inner

The

be

for

with

box

large

bore

all around

center can

the

in

inches

2

one

vv^ay, and box each

other

the

the

large boxes,

two

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

how

well

a

months

for

butter,

cooling

milk

other

and

perishable

articles. be

may

It

found

handy

will very

as

stitute sub-

a

for

frigerator re-

a

when the

farmer

ice

supply. Anyone

has

no

make

can

a

triangular shaped -

frame

for

the is

which VN^indlass,

placed well

;

and

also

can

anyone

put in

trap doors

platform well. COLD

STORAGE

FOR

MILK

S

h

O

the

above

of

the the

doors

These ul d

the

be

prO-

AND

IN

vided

pin

with be

may

lock,

a

THE

AROUND

placed

children

so

fall in.

cannot

handle

the

on

65

HOUSE

of the

side

A

lass wind-

from

turning around when is lowered the desired to the box depth. The shape and picture is only suggestive. The the style size of the various parts will depend upon of the be made well. Preferably, the box should tom, of galvanized iron and have perforations in the botOf it may be lowered so right into the water. to

the crank

prevent

would

this

course,

materials

if the

feasible

be

not

first placed in sealed not kept cold were well with bucket a or a receptacles. Where pump is the the ordinary wooden only available pump be at place to put such a cooler, the cooler may If necessary, the position of side of the well. one be

to

the

pump

to

"

addition

human

I

is

allowing the

I

fly,or

can

all times.

on

task

my

a

a

way

keep

to

the frame

space

2

to

parts of the with

a

subject

a

tion find informa-

can

is

an

addition

Mann.

is

smoothly done,

run.

Milton.

"

PLATFORM

PUMP

Make

inside

we

knowledge

can

VENTILATED

Here

bottom

now

true

Horace

"

know

We

Johnson.

to

power.

But

A

Samuel

it.

Every

where

know

we

or

upon

kinds.

is of two

Knowledge ourselves,

shifted.

be

may

the

well

of the

6 inches sides.

fly screen

clean

and

platform

between This

space

to

keep

pure

of

2

x

at

4's,

top and is covered

the

out

dirt

and

66

FARM

HANDY

insects, and

keep

to

screen

ventilation the

In

of

outside out

the

to

winter

DEVICES

this

a

vermin.

large

well, which

becomes

never

with

platform

the

cover

larger meshed This gives good

with

foul. and

straw

snow.

HELPS

TO

WATER

KEEP

To

into

points Fasten rim

parts, attach

and

and

a

end

into

sink

sieve

the

a

wire

improvised

of the

weight

lowered

the

this

to

the

a

well, take

sieve, and, after marking

sand

three

from

floating litter

remove

ordinary

WELL

A

CLEANING

PURE

to

well

to

rope

the

into

any

handle the

sieve,

and

edgewise

to

so

off the

rim

of

the

two

a

rope.

attach

third

an

point

that

it

will

sink.

When

the

water

and

in the

be

can

used,

pull

the

IN

rope

surface

DOG

use

sketch

of

the

of

a

dog wheel

DOG

wide, with room around, where causes

the

pump

67

HOUSE

a

of the

This

THE

AROUND

and single attachment all the floating sticks and

with with

out

AND

it may be lifted timber the on

water.

POWER shows for

an

feet

enough he

acts to

making sists simply con-

It

water.

and

in diameter

PUMPING

POWER

for

arrangement

carrying

8

PUMP

FOR

revolve.

inches

DEVICE

inside as

18

a

for the tread

In

dog

power,

southern

to

walk which

Califor-

68

HANDY

there

nia

are

of these

number

a

which

cost

less

easily

earn

his

DEVICES

FARM

dog-power pumps, good-sized dog can

$15. A living in an arrangement than

of

this

kind.

CISTERN

FOR

FILTER

WATER

The

in a cistern clean problem of keeping water is most by not allowing it to get easily solved in the be done dirty, as can by the device shown with barrels, each 69. Two drawing on page neath a perforated false bottom, are set side by side be-

the

water

the

from

spout

connected

and

roof

the false Above pipe leading to the cistern. fine gravel and sand bottoms then are packed to the depth of 8 or more On inches. top of the sand floats as large as can into the be let down stout rest From the margin of the floats two barrels. near heavy wires extend verticallyupward about 2 feet their centers with to engage a tilting loosely near of the the ends both of knobs on spout by means with

a

and

spout When

the the

barrel

barrels As

sand.

the

wires.

the

it strikes

begins

water

the

float, but

gouging a very deep hole barrel by strikinga stripof 2

inches

flow.

wide

and

i

foot

at

floats rest

the

empty

are

to

is the

wood

long.

pour

in

prevented outside

about This

of

on one

from the

inch

high, spreads the i

A

also layer of gravel at this place would help prevent gouging. If the flow is too great to filter away readily,the float will rise and the knob on

the

be

tilted until

wire

will

engage

with

the

spout,

which

will

suddenly start into the other barrel. If the delivery pipe to the cistern be be no large enough there should danger of either barrel overflowing. When becomes the sand dirty the

flow

will

IN

a

few

minutes

fresh. and

This

will will

THE

AROUND

AND

serve

insure

to

the number greatly reduce job of cleaning out

in

water

the

FILTER

the

put

in

cistern,

times

the

cistern

must

of

done.

TWO-BARREL

it and

remove

clean

69

HOUSE

agreeable disbe

70

HANDY

A

FARM

HANDY

WATER

Nearly

farm every either from water,

no

it all

as

pure,

vegetable is to

more

less

or

only

way in

is done

as

of

good water, well, spring or stream,

The

it,just

FILTER

boast

can

contains

matter.

filter

DEVICES

of

it pure

city supply

private filteringtanks. filter is very simple water

is

animal

make

to

but

voirs, reser-

or

A

all purposes

answers

of

for

easily

domestic

made

that

The

plan employed

use.

its

that operations is identical with in large reservoirs where is filtered water for This large scale general distribution. flower consists, primarily, of two pots, set

above

the

is stuffed in the

other.

In

large

a

bottom

bottom A

sponge.

of the

supplied

the

lower

of

on

a

filter one

the

pot upper is also stuffed

sponge

pot, but

it is

quately ade-

more

with

material filtering by placing above the sponge a layer of smooth pebbles, then a this a layer sand, and still above layer of coarse of pounded charcoal in depth. It is 3 or 4 inches also best to place another layer of smooth pebbles above the charcoal, to prevent it from being stirred during the circulation of the water. up The be the largest,and if the pot should upper lower or

two

The

wood

pots thus stool

with

will

serve

arranged a

hole

one

in

stand

may as

a

base

placed it, through

are

of the drips through the bottom the mouth of a jug set underneath.

water

into

pot

serves

as

a

reservoir, and

impurities, and

coarser

lower

renewed, the

strong, the upper

strips of

two

legged

the

is

one

sponge

one

may

though of the

be

thus

used

upper

pot.

it,

support.

on

a

three-

which

the

lower

pot

The

upper

its sponge stops the the filteringlayers of

for

it is necessary

in

a

year

without

frequently

being to

clean

in the

for the

ornamentation

nice

very

BARREL

A

IN

BEAUTY

A

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

72

It is made

picture.

by sawing in

is shov^n

lav^n

oil barrel

an

two

shown,

as

and

mounting legs. Paint one-half

set

barrel

on

of the

walk

them

for

of

should

HOLDER

PLANT

the

barrel

be

securely

rest

may

braced

use

growing during Care

should

be

taken

have

the

nailed

to

the

staves

to

have

the

and

heads

Dark

dark

to

hoops

thoroughly

HALF-BARREL

side

summer.

or

the

and

in

solid.

on

it and

each

flowers the

it

green

red

are

good colors for the painting. If preferred, the ground, but upon or

blocked

prevent

to

rolling.

Instead boxes

on

the

top.

all

bins.

together them

to

as

six

shown

on

in

barrels

cellar, have

a

drygoods boxes in the drawing.

off the

them

paint

vegetables the

over

Take

hold

Then

the

keeping

scattered

storage them

of

VEGETABLES

FOR

BIN

STORAGE

the

floor

boxes

and

the

a

names

set

or

of

and

bolt

Put

legs

cover

on

of the

THE

AROUND

AND

IN

convenient vegetables. It is most frequently used in vegetables most which

would If the

other, but

a

the

to

of the bin

true

of boxes

row

upper

not

lower

enough

moved

easily be boxes

be

not

simple

matter.

ones,

the of

have

be

to

top of each

box

pouring them Many people in such

bin.

vegetables, that

are

such

a

a

It and

stored

labeled

put a

in

few

have

to

the shown

upper

the

boxes,

in the

is attached

the

to

ture. piceach

top section

can

make

fillingthe lower Otherwise, the vegetables to

VEGETABLE

would

73

HOUSE

BIN

through at

a

time

the

openings

at

by hand, instead

in.

keep their potatoes sectional bin, preferring a large separate certainly is all right for other root other products of the farm many might well be kept handy for use in would

sectional

not

care

bin.

to

FARM

HANDY

74

sometimes

in

necessary house is

the

under

that

where

countries

is

cellar

temporary

cold

CELLAR

INEXPENSIVE

AN

A

DEVICES

sufficient

for

not

ing stor-

A

vegetables. effective

very

useful

and

temporary

cellar

be

may

structed con-

after

follov^ing method, show^n as by the drav^ings : Dig a pit 15 feet long, 10 feet feet wide, deep 4 the drainage is good.

CROSS-SECTION

in

solid, dry place where

a

Put

gable by 2

a

half

way

and

a

of i-inch

board

the

central

sides.

support this

place

if the 8 to

packed

surface

should if

be

earth

12

smooth

plastered with

gable

lumber

crossbeams is

of

inches

and

not

dry

first straw

CELLAR

the

over

end, pack

one

better

and

10

hole, supported

eaves,

Strengthen by

TEMPORARY

well

the

over

4-inch strips at the

X

up

Over

class.

roof

the

mud

entire to

14 to

structure, inches shed

covered

ing except-

deep.

water.

with

sods.

The It

is

IN

The

door

filled with

AND

end

HOUSE

75

be double-walled

must

The

straw.

THE

AROUND

door

and

the space double and

also be

must

its

margin packed with cloth strips, so as to be practicallyairtight. If possible, the pit should be drained is covered with by a tile,the end of which a of piece of wire netting to prevent the entrance rodents. cellar will prevent Such ing a freezing durusual

opened

winter mild

on

The varied

weather.

days size

according

and

posts

feet

3

for the Have

out

center

the

soil the

and

lever.

inch

UP

lever

2

A

clothes

2

feet

to

upright

for the

set

and

be

may

necessary

as

the

so

they

against

end

ones.

will not

Take

them.

a.

CLOTHESLINE

the

to

the

near

in

lever

the

on.

line

A

long for

top with

line and

the

being put the

5 feet

wood

post

holds

when

oughly. thor-

ends, 3 feet in

is not

smooth,

blown

next

block

pit

be

DOWN

ground. It be as heavy

to

are

AND

of the

when

Fasten

aired

the

be

4-inch hard

x

of

should

posts clean

bolt,

lever.

the

of

should

interior

depth

ELEVATED

piece

door

needs.

to

post

clothes

the

and

CLOTHESLINE

Heavy

The

14-

3 feet for the position while

button

is hoisted.

a

the

holds

the

76

HANDY

is

the

have

which be

may

iThree, four

the

bolt

five

the

bolt

pass

may

be

used

near

it

on

post arms

plank

of

post,

let the

arms

solid

piece

the

so

hung

A

a

into

passes

to

be

top and

to

hold house-

horse,

snow.

spiked

the

save

may

in the

bored

bored or

in

out

and a

clothes

the

hole

a

beveled

be

through arm

a

stepping

without

may

as

stoop that

back

should

thing that will revolving clothes

little

no

much

so

HORSE

CLOTHES

A

There

DEVICES

FARM

or

each

through

it.

desired,

as

length. length, provided all are of one No required in making it,as the rope holds It is the arms up simply by being tight enough. well to set the post before measuring for the arms, the veranda. reach be sure to that they may so be nailed together at first to make laths may Some of your ability as a model, if you are not sure a and

of any skill is

carpenter.

A and

in

closet

small toilet

CLOSET

TOILET

A

a

articles, is

a

inches

shelves.

of

door

The

planed, hinged of frame toilet

room,

and

and

2

is of thin with door

it is indeed

a

3

x

keeping medicines wide, planed and It has

feet.

back

very

The

catch.

useful

four

knots,

from

pine, free

is varnished. a

One

convenience.

great

"^-inch pine, 4 put together so as to be

consists

for

home,

Being as

side out-

in the well

as

back It has no ing caspiece of furniture. It is boards against the wall. or ; simply rests iron, one held in place by four short pieces of band of frame, to back -end of each band being fastened All wall by a screw. the other end fastened to the ornamental

IN

kinds

of

there in of

outside

be

the

room,

cellar

old

from

axle

be

wheel.

and

beam

at

reach

shelf The

save

arranged

the

on

with is

the

side

of

ing descendfrom

is fastened

the

to

keeper house-

upon

an

hang

to

The

stairway. thin, smoothly planed

nearest

the

is contrived

axle

kept well oiled, so readily,bringing all parts of

wheel

boards

the

wheel

will

the

shelf

within

and

revolve reach

need.

at

Farmers in

their

and

up,

the

kind

bath

washing

of

that

makes

the

convenience The

way

system,

in to

every secure

with

a

of the

a

makes

This

few

is

a

fine

years

from

fire,.

and

ago

big of the

one

It lessens lawn

sible pos-

walks, the sprinkling

cities, where

in

and

house

protection and

fire,adds

from

danger

fifty dollars

This

life attractive.

insures

house,

needed.

which

available. farm

size

cold,

or

irrigating of gardens,

possible only were

the

of

cost

a

of windows

conveniences

thought

at

hot

water,

toilet room,

lawns, the

other

systems

and

FARMHOUSE

running

dwelling houses depending upon of equipment

easy

the

have

can

the the

FOR

SUPPLY

WATER

in

will

easy

The

steps.

the

ing-glass look-

SHELF

that

stairs, within

is covered

the

shelf

steps may

few

axle

wash

soaps, other

fastened

be

may

one

CELLAR

cellar

many

a

77

door.

handy

the

HOUSE

shaving materials, kept. If there is no

REVOLVING A

THE

AROUND

medicines,

can

rags,

AND

and

greatly

all were

water

things

the work

garden,

to

duces re-

comfort

and

water

ply sup-

direction. this is pressure

to

install

tank

in

a

the

basement.

HANDY

.^8

FARM

tank pressure it full under strong

This

all

toilet

is in

and

room

distributed

is

water

city homes,

Where

the

garden

about

the

HOUSE

of water

amount

house

$90

large,

and

are

needed

is

a

better

for

the

the

large, the

tem sys-

for

$50. For figure. Where

larger system $150.

should

Installation installation

be

^ceedingly simple. Any

house of

and

is

water

possibly horses,

installed, costing up

and

is easy,

average

the

amounts

carriages, automobiles

a

the

garden, and

and

lawn

The

supplied and

is not

considerable

where

room, bath-

the

SYSTEM

used

be

to

is forced

house

also for washing

Its

by pumping

fire hose.

or

be

is to

WATER

installed

be

can

that

exactly as it galvanizediron pipes.

of

by means building

small

a

arranged

so

air pressure the water is available for house, and

the

over

is

DEVICES

to

Operation and

pipe

its

fitter

operation is or plumber

ex-

can

80

HANDY

twice

a

and

year,

trouble

any

coldest

farm

is

and

it

all

wear,

weeks,

this

labor

to

The

convenient

somewhat

condition

do

was

illustration

be

gether to-

get

can

without

it.

basement

and

the

hot

water

indicates

hold

to

the

matter

for

under

farm.

kitchen

and

used

be

these

tanks, and

will, of

use

of the

may

It

can

dairy

to

into water

run

that

depend and is simply readily be very

owner

course,

or

stock

other

troughs

in the

desired.

AGAINST

device

pressure,

also

can

tank

pump

the water

WARNING

the roof catches

force

will

fire close

to

FIRE

give the

an

a

seen,

is sufficient to force

pipes.

it can be barns, where stalls,or elsewhere, as

readily

pressure

wishes of

of

The

This

cost

hand

the

on

tank

be

can

system

delivering water

handy

few

factory.

arrangement

water

stock

to

anywhere

of

the

lavatories,bath

The

water

developed in the anywhere wanted. entirelyupon the

the

of

service.

located

from

a

it

arrangement

for supplying

fix it for

to

distant

supply system, and, as simple. Notice the very

in the

A

who

that

on

required a great deal more this disadvantage with pumping, but even not serious a proposition.

the it

used

people

water

the

not

was

being

With

a

fact, the

the

to

ficulty dif-

any

has been done pumping by With the pump in perfect condition, this is laborious the occasions two problem. On valve became slightly defective through

pump

be

afford

can

been

In

farmer

any

$ioo

or

date

a

it is

there

system.

how

see

to

hand.

water

waste

has

practicallyperfect,and

$75 Up

Neither

the

don't

not

There is never easily handled. the water pipes, even during the

weather.

supply

DEVICES

is

with

with

FARM

alarm

chimney

in

case

is shown

IN

AROUND

AND

THE

HOUSE

L

a

A

FIRE

ALARM

8i

82

on

the

on

a

opposite w^ith

line

stretch

cord

a

fire,the

of

hanging

above

the

bell

long, the

need

suspended

fasten

and

slide

a, to

only

to

will

cost

shelf

a

on

wire, b, wall

the

or

weight

The

the

above

two

or

electric

heavy

on.

inch

an

of

case

weight

an

on

these

piece

a

the

battery

Place

w^hich

to

that, in

so

drop

dry

rafters

two

release

will

Place

weight,

in

chimney,

and

A

bell.

shown,

for

be

off

50 cents.

as

chimney

the

in turn

a

nail

a

chimney,

v^ill burn

ring a

the

to

fireplace.

inches

10

close

and

cents

20

of

face

it,which

and

button

Drive

page. the

cord

to

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

bell.

TO

WHERE

A

necessity

roofs, and of

made

the

of

this

the

the

should

of

highest

other

means

and

of

out

A

it

highest part be

roof.

A

wall

of

on.

Make

the

getting

scuttle

should

be

house

roof

of

the

will

reach

place

to

of

eaves

Have

L

a

or

and

the

ladder

along

or

to

it

keep

and

a

eaves

hooks

two

ladder

good

in

left

store

the

the

on

windows

house. a

of

story

good the

ings build-

all farm

near

upper

that

hand

at

is under

kind

rear

hang

and

emergency.

in

ladder

in

all farms and

ladders

are

time

on

LADDER

FIRE

A

HANG

painted.

^f your cellar is when going down

dark, there

whitened

you

are

even

the

at

in

that

so

a

dim

stairs.

the

bottom.

light.

is

Have

easily

may

You

danger

can

see

of the

know this

accidents last when

step

step you

plainly

MRNoJ^a^c^TOeK HANDY

A

ROVIDE

giving

away

from make

than

and

has

an

not

in

use,

occupy

semi-circular

the

shape suggested cut. Setting them

the

proper a

other

of

strip

the

curved

shown

in

picture. and

a

to

go

the

buckle

feed

basket, When

advantage. sides

two

from

press

Cut a

out

^-inch

gether totwo

board

or

canvas,

around as

ing accompany-

Nail

strap

a

the

sides, head, and

at

the

over

simpler

at

partition, the

while

apart,

cloth,

stout

feed

round

room.

any

horse

It is

stable. the

a

in

the

distance

of

animal

added the

like this to

nose

the

the

scarcely pieces of wood

and

tack

the

upon

when

to

basket

feed

a

strap

in

BASKET

FEED

basket

will

be

complete. The

of

nearly

more

of

form

a

more

horse's

this

fits the

because

of

freedom

in

who

shape

head, and

close-fittinground

He

basket

will

not

sides, be-

FEED

BASKET

oblong shape, gives than opening his mouth

its

the

horse

does

the

basket.

be

counseled 83

cannot

be

helped.

84

HANDY

MAKE

has

horse

EAT

the habit

of

how

shows similar

should.

inch

boards

slant

The

The

in small

cannot

all of

it

eat

the

made

made

feed

of hold

to

the

get

can

quantities and rapidly than with enough

more

be

must

made

hopper.

be

horse

his

on

be

feed

may

you

drawing

large enough

feed.

bottom

insure

to

feed

may

poultry

a

contrivance

so

he

to

grain only

FEED

feeder

a

The

one ONE

bolting his

by making a The accompanying

box.

HOLDS

SLOWLY

self-feeder

it

easilyremedy

can

HORSE

THE

If your

DEVICES

FARM

coming

the

in

out

trough.

I

only

am

But I

I

am

do

I

can

What

I

And

STALLS

up

milk

is

stall.

less

her

The

nose

The

grace

each

rack, slats

bottom

into

in favor than

of

the

I will do.

of stanchions

stalls,but

allowing

cow.

The

a,

more

enough the

to

her rack

stall toward

the

the

they in

increase

shows

cut

so

is that

and

space

is of hardwood

up

do ;

STANCHIONS

for

wide

through

of God

THAN

room

reward

a

the

everything, do something. do I ought to I ought to do

BETTER

to

with

the

only point

take

can

what

By

The

one.

cannot

But

one,

venience con-

kind

one

30

inches

cow

can

of

high, thrust

eyes.

is 18 the

inches cow.

wide, The

tending ex-

feed

BARNS

AND

box, b, slides through barn

floor.

cleansed

It and

out

disturbed

a

by the

long enough The

the

When

head

the

under she

will the

through be

can

and

iesseach

in

to

suit

proud

that

is humble

Wisdom

that

she

need and

has

he

6

about

other worth There Emerson.

who

man

folks'

business

attending is

is

learned

no

rarely

has

inches'

any

much;

so more.

no

poking

always

stall

Shorthorns.

knows

he

of

breeds, like

Small

will

gets look

can

width

and

her

she

"

The

the

put

when

that

cow^s.

Holsteins

than

will

she

so

length

the

than

STALL

kneeling'and

The

ably. comfort-

lower

lies down

Ayrshires,

is

inches

backward

rack.

way

Knowledge

rack

move

made

Jerseys

she

the

on

the

lie down

to

cow

cow

OF

stall

feedway, put in without being halter strap, c, is just

The

gutter, d, is 8

stall floor.

into

feed

cow.

PLAN

up,

drawn

new

allow

to

in the

opening

an

be

can

85

STOCK

his of

Cowpen into

nose

his

own

to.

knowledge

that

is

not

power.

"

86

HANDY

GOOD The

TIES

DEVICES

FOR

of stanchions

merits

ties have

FARM

debated

been

COWS

and

other

forms

for

by dairymen The

a

cow

long

time.

of

rience expe-

mass

~

of

is in favor the

tying

arrangement v^hich v^ill

the

give

the

cov^

freedom

most

of The

movement.

old-fashioned stanchion this

solid

fails

it

cases

difficult for the lie dov^n v^ith

up

fast in

in In

respect.

many to

of

cov^^

get

or

her

is

head

of these

one

stanchions. The

heavy swinging

stanchions SWINGING

advantages

STANCHIONS

this, but be

must

weight

criticised

and

part of the

of the cow.

in

many

consequent A

very

cases,

lack

over

it

because

of freedom

lightswinging

have

also of

its the

on

stanchion

is

the best type of that form. It is easy to fasten, as the will in most cows in position cases put their heads as is not much they go into the stall. There so

danger of

the

modern The

dairyman being struck by the horns in fastening these stanchions. cow Many barns are equipped with this kind.

chain

consists

runs

of the

tie is favored

in many crosschain

simply of a to a slack, attached ring at over a perpendicular iron

sections. with each rod

This

able considerend

which

about

l8

88

FARM

HANDY

fence

the

calves

together, the

buckets

and

stanchions,

to

which

come

all their

have

soon

DEVICES

they

are

lever, a, which throv^ing down into position. Then one may difficulty. Leave for the a 4-inch space the

rack

pasture

one or

couple

a

lumber

of i-inch

of posts.

It

lambing

time.

MANAGEMENT

Make

feed

each

calves'

moved

be

can

also

can

the

to

used

be

KICKING

bar, ",

calf without

heads.

attached

OF

slatted

the

draws

it

and

another

to

at

ewes

and

running up to heads through the easily fastened by

Make from fence

for holding

COWS

just high enough so the cow can't jump out, and wdde fortably, enough to hold her comwith at nothing to spare, and narrower the end, where her feed box be placed as should for her to high from the ground as is comfortable eat out of. This slatted be stall should long bar or two a enough to have cleats through which should be run behind the cow to keep her from bar in front a backing out, and also places to run of her hind legs about the hock joint, or as high with to interfere milking. up as possible so as not A

hole

a

about

18

stall

or

20

inches

this purpose the ground from which allows safe and easy while

the

cleat and

outwardly

A

Milkers

at

have

the

milker, thus

trouble

invariably either upset

to

access

MILKING

HANDY

who

up

post prevent the

for is left open to the cow's flank,

wide

the

the from

cow

udder, ing kick-

insuring safety.

STOOL

with

pail or

restless

get

a

cows

that

quantity

of

BARNS

AND

89

STOCK

dirt in it will find the shown

here

their

troubles.

stools

HOLD

PAIL

of inch

to

boards.

inch

pieces

long.

The

three-cornered

put

bucket

board

is not

brace

as

likelyto upset THE

A

convenient

very

in

cow

yard

merely legged

straps c t

e

in

broad

the

one

down a

short

the

use

in

in

can

the

is

to

is

sit

be

leg

would

useful

garden.

course,

with

stool

if

one

in Of pre-

for the seat

are

is well

and

seat

cow

milking

anywhere.

Such also

for

tion posi-

a

foot

STOOL

READY

a

and

8-

x

this stool.

the

fastened

in

so

from

stool is

milker

always

a

with

g

The

quickly

the bucket

2

restless

most

con-

around

waist.

The

the

to

strap that

buckled

under

attached

is

four

the

one-

stool

also

i

rigidityit

secure

stays.

stool

about

and

blocks

of

supports

field is shown

or

a

which

n

EVER

To

is

in

made

are

bucket made

It

flytime. ing upright pieces formthe legs and ends of

The

TO

for

remedy

a

serviceable

very

STOOL

stool

MILKING

STOOL

cut.

the

It

is

HANDY

go ferred

four

made,

but

kind

FARM

legs instead experience

and

cheap the

which

board

cut

a

the

board

as

ready

for

to

fit on

shown

careless

stool starts more

is a

to or

so

wire it will

so

is made

stool

been

has

moved. re-

and

level

set

STOOL

top. Make in the

a

hand

illustration

through

hole and

the

stool

use.

milk

milker

be

one-legged

the

milking

ends

off the

KEEP

the

could

STOOL

barbed

REEL

Much

that

proves

useful

very

from

reel Saw

is

stool

the

MILKING

CHEAP

of

of one,

well.

serves

A

DEVICES

STOOLS

contamination

handling of the through milking

toss,

milk

CLEAN

then

he

the

next

less contaminated

is milk one

picks cow

undoubtedly stools. cow

he

due

to

When

the

gives

the

he it up again when become and his hands

from

the

stool

and

from

BARNS

them

the

dirt

STOCK

AND

into

drops

91

milk

the

pail during

the

milking. When

yard

the

or

small

milking the

on

and

rack

stool,

so

that

them

out

of

them

brush them

is left in the

stool

It is

to

make

the

legs

of

be hung up. may it is only dirt and

This

to

bore

holes

STOOL

RACK

so

in

easy

they the

off

carefully once

in

the

keeps to

necessary

while

a

a

keep

to

scrupulously clean.

The

who

man

little

usually has A Here and

floor.

barn

the

is over,

is

a

crossarch

is

constantly changing

to

change.

USEFUL

handy of

an

STOCK

his

CART

transfer

cart, made

with

old

plow

carry

corn

mind

to

wheels a

hog

FARM

HANDY

92

sheep, pigs

or

lets the

or

end

rear

DEVICES

calf.

a

Raise

the

tongue,

which

then

drive

in the

animal,

ground,

on

BAR

HANG TRANSFER

shut

the

load

ready

CART

fasten

to

TO

convenient

harm

can

several

to

apart

a

contrivance

animal

and

have

you

your

STOCK

OUT

simple

the

and

wagon.

STAKE

and

come

feet

to

ANIMALS

down

gate, pull tongue

HOW A

SMALL

FOR

is to

stretch

a

drive rope

that

so

stakes

two or

no

wire

on

im^^^^-' cow

which

a

The

strap. sides and

ring

without the

is

TIED

placed.

animal

can

tangle

stretched

wire

TO

OUT

or

FEED

To

this

graze

up

ring and

injury.

will

give

The

some.

halter

fasten

down

on

both

ring slides,

BARNS

A

box

handy

feed

are

being

steers

for

fed

93 FIELD

FOR

BOX

FEED

STOCK

AND

lots

in

open is grass

use

upon

shown Cut

cut.

the

halves

boards

sketch.

will

prevent

will

allow

each

selected

be

not

That

it do

a

By

violent

And

lose Have Lend Learn

Use

or

foe

singe yourself :

four eat

out

out with-

trough

we

so

may

swiftness, that which

by over-running. "

thou

than

less than

more

and

advis'd;

for your

less than

Ride Set

furnace

more

Speak

tub

stave.

Be

Heat

to

in

bothering each other unnecessarily. It is important that a and that the hoops

BOX

barrel

strong very be nailed to

the

the

smashed

the

two

This

beings animals

FEED

of

shown

as

this

of

in

strengthen by placing across

inside,

the

barrel

frame

a

TUB

in

a

and

two

when

or

than

more

a

goest,

VHI.

trowest,

throwest.

thing

at,

showest, knowest,

thou

thou

run

Henry

owest,

thou

outrun,

we

thou

than

less than

practice of

thou

hot

is the

"

best

King master.

Lear,

HANDY

94

FARM

pay

and

cattle.

farmer

every

kind

some

OF

SHEDS

CHEAP It would

DEVICES

of

Where

STRAW to

protection labor

is

put up for

tures pas-

his

and

scarce

in the

sheep, hogs hay and straw which prevails

plentiful and cheap, a condition in many sheds and barns are large sections, straw of posts 8 profitable. Put up a framework very feet high, i6 feet wide and as long as needed; 30 feet is a good length. The evenly on two sides and set posts are hewed that a bale of straw will fit snugly between them. so They are cut ofif at a uniform height and a 2 x 6 spiked securely on top. Rafters are nailed to this is covered and straw loosely with poles. Baled is

for the

used

After

sides.

the

sides

are

the

up

roof

is covered

feet

2

few held in place with a deep with loose straw poles that are tied together in pairs and placed over built have been the ridge. Several of these sheds for five years

and

is made

Life

have

up

needed

not

any

attention.

of great sacrifices

not

duties, kindness,

or

of little

but and

small

win

and

Sir

H.

You

smiles and things, in which obligations given habitually, are the

preserve

and

comfort.

secure

"

Davy. must

FEED

cut

your

a, about

another

board, h.

a

according to

coat

FOR

TROUGH

sheep trough 3 feet long and

For

heart

what

Make

flat

cloth.

SHEEP

two procure at the bottom a

your

6-inch of each

trough

and

boards, fasten let the

go

HANDY

rubbing their backs. above they vv^illeat

out

from at

FARM

the

When

cut

a

fodders, A

is

manger

too

as

not

much

take

not

HANGING

Such

filled

of it at their

it will

time

same

DEVICES

with

hay

pleasure, and

up

floor

space.

RACK

for

suitable may

WHEELBARROW

be

SHEEP

grains

or

fine

wasted.

TROUGH

wishes It very often to run happens that one dififerent pastures during the the sheep on several

PORTABLE

RACK

FEEDER

BARNS

If

season.

task that

by

to

heavy

feed

them.

move

STOCK

AND

racks The

of wheels If the attached

a

The

handles

is made

rack to

place.

has

and

shown

one

other

drawn

is mounted

rack

pair

a

end. be

can

easily place to

from

on

a

another

upon

large, it

thus

and

wagon,

mounted the

quite a

field to

one

on

very

it is shows

drawing

from easily moved It is simply person.

one

used

are

be

can

97

old cultivator

wheels.

One

of the a

upon

best

table,

turn

FLEECE

THE

PACKING

ways

to

in

the

pack

fleece is

a

and

head

to

lay

tail, then

it

the

^'*"'-y^^^

FLEECE

flanks.

After

firmly, using The tying

this roll it up such device a box

is made

BOX

TYING

into as

a

here

from

roll and

neat

tie

illustrated.

light

lumber

with

the rope is passed. shown, through which fleece is placed upon this rope the roll and

slots, as The

easily tied.

Wool

buyers prefer

to

have

the

fleece

98

handle

loose, light to that

it

be

can

EASY

DlEVICES

FARM

HANDY

and

tied

up

so

if needed.

opened

HEAVY

HANDLE

TO

and

elastic

HOGS

having a lot of help around is going out, owing to the use at hog-killing time of better appliances for handling the animals after so rig up a simple arrangement killing. You may The

fashion

old

of

BUTCHERING

ONE-MAN

that

handle

can

you

RIG

heavy hogs

assistance.

without

jointsof old of heavy galvanized is made vat stovepipe. The i8 inches iron 4 feet long by 2 feet wide and deep. of 2 x 4-inch strips,upon Over this erect a frame which place an old traveler from a hay carrier, or Build

fire box

a

construct

with

similar

one

o,

the the

from the

four

and

the

pulley

at g,

serves

from

the

bench

flue,b, of three

d.

to

vat.

With

bench. to

windlass

the

tackle, e^

the

feet of the

to

vat

a

to

which

are

rangement, ar-

tached at-

it

hog,

you

A

passing over the carrier,d, over

rope,

pull the

can

c,

convey

BARNS

HEATING

A

AND

WATER

which

device

barrel.

In

wooden

block.

iron

into the

in the

water

be

removed

Do on

make

not

the end

burst

the

wooden

of the

piping

block

if pressure

A

If

the

is

too

do

such

afford

one.

it

screw

the

in

sketch

steam

safety valve

off.

come

and

fire. cap

sometimes

may

will

cap

can

will

The

flyout

SLAUGHTERHOUSE

FARM

well

small

the

the a

have

great.

his

fix up This can

expense

It is

stock

own

to

slaughterhouse. at

as

butchers

one

would

acts

pipe

a

vinegar a large

stout

a

Take

rapidly and bothering the putting a metal

of

mistake

before

and

kettle

heated

without

pipe, or

sketch.

shown

as

will be

desired

of

iron

BOILER

affair

the

old

long

bottom

WATER

barrel as

feet

of the

end

SIMPLE

By arranging

8

KILLING

the

to

in this

pipe

other

the

superior

is shown

heating water piece of 2-inch securely screwed

99 HOG

FOR

is

for

STOCK

that

small

a

be

done

almost

generally most

the

on

farm

he

building for a so easily and any

farmer

convenient

to

can

have

100

it

the

hog easily conveyed be

FARM

HANDY

near

a

part of the

to

idea

bad

half

yard, the to

house.

hog

DEVICES

then

for

Indeed

hogs. have The

refuse

the

it in

it would

not

instances

some

in

room

be

can

which

to

a

kill

'^M^'"C^^ CARCASS

cattle

and

square. work.

from

hogs

This As

fixtures

should

will

much as

DERRICK

not

be

give plenty

of the

room

possible.

less of

should

than space

be

15

feet

for

the

kept

clear

The that

so

make

the

It is

quite

close

be

enable

will

If

hand.

at

should

a

the

in

be

floor

the

flood

to

one

good possible, a

that

necessary

attached

hose

be

3 feet from easier to keep

it much

will make

ground. This the place clean. supply of water water pipe with

would

for about

of concrete

walls

This

central

a

liquidfrom this hog yard. The ideal way

the

house.

to

graded opening. A opening to a

concrete

the

carry

the

of

made

be

all drain

it will

pipe should trough in to

should

floor

1 01

STOCK

AND

BARNS

at

time.

any

On for

99 is handling the page

roller, c, 5 reach

is shown lift

in

the

rope

the

floor.

of

width

very It is made

the

device

good

a

of

heavy long enough to a

It

room.

is

ported sup-

by a bracket, d, detail of which it possible drawing. This makes tached of any weight. A drum, b, is at-

middle the

roller

the

to

of

thick, and

inches

carcass

a

carcasses.

the

across

in the

to

6

to

picture

a

that

at

end,

one

communicates

Any

handy

man

is

which

over

crank,

with

the

with

tools

run

a,

at

make

can

this derrick. In order cart

that

simplifymatters

heater.

water

the

at

to

bottom.

This To

communicates

barrel

is fastened

this with

use may has a valve

a

a

coil of

small

barrel

a

one

attached

rubber

hose

pipes.

This

coil of

with the top of pipes in turn communicates the barrel hose. The coil of rubber by another fire built in a hole in the a pipes is placed over ground, and the valve is opened. As

soon

is forced

through

is started. and

hose

the

as

This

easily.

When

is detached

in the

water

the

rubber

device

hose, and

will heat

the and

coils becomes

water

the

water

a

wheeled

it

circulation

very is heated the

barrel

hot

rapidly rubber

under

the

HANDY

102

derrick

the

crank With the to

which

on

the

butchering a

KEEP

hung.

devices

one

alone.

It will

that

table

building on

is

hog

is let into the

carcass

simple

have

DEVICES

FARM

folds

which

to

PIGS

OUT

water

the

up

OF

easily do convenient

the

against

a

be scalded.

very

found

be

of

means

to

can

man

up

cut

By

side

of the

meat.

TROUGH

FEED

crowding and getting in the plan will trough with their feet the accompanying ricknail the Vs, or be found can practical. You To

hogs

prevent

ifez^

PARTITIONED

HOG

TROUGH

shaped trough. They fit on a Nail pointed or flat-bottomed trough equally well. to a strip lengthwise along the top of the Vs and Stakes driven at: intervals strengthen them. and nailed securely to the angles will hold the Vs trough both solid. rack

work,

on

MOVABLE

HOUSE

Individual four The

hog

upright walls

easily

any

taken

FOR

houses

walls

and

and

the down

a

roof and

SOWS

BREEDING

may shed are

be

with

constructed

roof, as separate

replaced.

shown and These

below. can

be

small

small

lot if

kept

diseases a

minimum

When disease

need

sanitary

The

in this way. the

where

swine

bedded

and

feared.

he

kept

cared

Much

which

are

small

lots.

the

run

upon

the

divided The

of

into

keeps

into

sketch and

hogs

their

LOTS

HOG

farmer

PIG

changes

disastrous

no

conditions.

Indiana

Breeding

to

isolated.

more

depends

WELL-ARRANGED An

for

ing spread-

reduced

is also

are

of

danger

animals

among

properly

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

104

his

pigs

compartments shows

how

fattening

shotes

lots,

well

own

HOUSES

AND

as

in

long houses opening into they stand. are

as

allowed occasional

PENS

the

at the bottom larger field,shown of the sketch, which is a timothy and clover ture. pasIt is better to have in pigs separate quarters in small bunches, for in this way they can be better

attended

to

and

the

growths

are

more

uniform.

BARNS

HANDY Here

is

which

pigs net

made

be

may

discarded

and

bicycle wheel, is a heavy The

is

net

is

fastened two

band

iron.

caught squeal

in the

is

The with Our

by

leg.

the

pj^-.

the

of

knowledge

is strong

A

lot of

which as

a

can

time be

used

passageway.

we

recommend

enough

that

it.

strikes

justice. is the

of innumerable

STAIRS

j^^^

net

whole, however,

arm

sword

of

use

would

in

weakest the

the

one

some

fun On

method.

as

of excitement

and

less

not

around

greatly reduced

find

pigs

will

net

caught by

net,

of

struggle

element

the

rim

handle

Small

chased

The

some

pieces

and

and

pen

tened fas-

the

the

to

with

when

dle han-

handle.

with

rim

wire, while

copper

a

securely

the

to

The

annoyance.

tennis

the

rake

small

catching

a

from

rim

and

time

from

lawn

the

net,

for

device

much

saves

105

CATCHER

PIG

homemade

a

STOCK

AND

amassed minds.

FOR

"

THE

is saved for

thought

if

perience ex-

Emerson.

BARN one

throwing

These

and

steps

has down are

handy hay as made

of

stairs well

light

100

HANDY

material a

and

block,

at

FARM

instead

c, and

each

end

HAY

FALLS

attach with

a

DEVICES

of

putting on a lower step, use the stringersof the stairs to it the pin. A rope passes over

HERE

CROSS-SECTION

WITH

STAIRS

pulleys at d, to a weight, which allows the stairway to be held upright while the hay is being put down. The rope, e, is handy to pull the stairs into position. HANG

Here

is

the

barn

and

screw

post. Take

good

floor. on

Have a

a

piece

over

bracket of

hanging a pulleys with

two

in beam a

for

idea

Get

LANTERN

THE

UP

small

lantern

lower but

on

the

strong

stems,

screw

head, the other same

over

at

top of post.

cord, and

at

BARNS

end

one

fasten

through

the

and

snap

of

be

the

barn

your

the

end

other

lantern

the

on

of reach

all

see

and over

floor. You the

raise

can

pass

it

so

forking hay, can

Put

107

it

draw

out

you

and

snap

pulleys.

high enough will

a

STOCK

AND

tern lan-

high enough pitch hay from

to

the

top of the

with

no

turning and

over

the

mow

danger of the light burning and

building

contents.

of

the

opposite

the

The

end

cord lantern

fastened

may with

PULLEY-HUNG

LANIERN

be

or snap, for adjusting the a

length

more

may

be

lowed al-

height of the lantern, and the cord may be secured by a hitch or a few turns around button two halfway in a or spikes driven and bent in opposite directions. over

A

homemade

WEIGHING

FOR

ARRANGEMENT balance

may

be

with

constructed

a

the joistloosely attached, so as to just balance over It will be useful in rounded top of a heavy block. ing for feedweighing hay and other bulky substances wooden small For weights, use purposes. and sand which have been boxes or bags of stone Place the required weight weighed on other scales. upon

the

balance

and

then

place feed

on

the

other

io8

HANDY

it balances

until

end

to

the

of

easily made ladder

iron

other

or

will

be

curate ac-

WINDLASS

BARN

A

It is

weight, and it ordinary purposes.

the

for all

enough

DEVICES

FARM

pipe

suitable of

by

support

eyebolts

means

stout

or

shown

as

fastened

bar

a

or

at

ples, sta-

in the

a

be used drawing. It may for raising grain, wagon boxes and other heavy things to the upper part of the may and the

barn, and, if desired, be

falls,so the

effort. A in

ing increasloose

bolt

will

vent pre-

hole

a

block

increase

to

as

without

power

placed

with

rigged

WINDLASS

shows knows

how

how

useful

GRAIN

The

trouble

the last third

box

or

be

made

middle

Leave

from for two

your

TO

is

EMPTY

grain boxes grain. Bending neither pleasant

be

made be

can

be.

may

is to

most

of the

may that it

windlass

EASY

with

bin

hinges, so scooped

barn

a

BOX

jackknife fashion A

this

simple

ture unwinding. The picdevice is. Every farmer

over

half

let down

and

the

edge

healthful.

nor

with

out

get

its front all the

on tents con-

difficulty.The bin may a piano box with a partition in the kinds of grain.

out

son

without

a

good reputation

and

an

ployment. em-

EASILY Grain

bins

of feed

BINS

CONSTRUCTED

GRAIN

with

for different

compartments in barn

handy

are

IO9

STOCK

AND

BARNS

By procuring

stable.

or

kinds

size dry-goods boxes, all of the same and together side by side, shape, and nailing them the bin is easily that they will appear as one, so the entire length should extend The made. cover of the bin, and though leather hinges will answer, number

of

it is better

to

a

staple

good

a

lock

under

and

hasp, the contents key if desired.

afford

labor

ignore

to

in any

kept

be

can

TRUCK

BARN

can

then, with

for

ones,

and

dairyman lighten his

will

iron

CONVENIENT

A No

it with

attach

whicK

that

Be

whatever.

way

his

conveniently constructed, he has the importance of his considering Hence enough to do. a feeding truck or car if he does not have it Made of good lumber, the only iron about one. need be the handle at each end, by which to push or pull it along the feeding alley in front of the cows stable

ever

which it

so

is

blacksmith no

can

about

be

4^

feet

long.

the

silo

to

some

these, feet

Silage

the

be

can

mangers

distance

wide, very

20

truck box

save

good is by body

deep and

inches

conveyed readily.

it will

away,

the

any

The

construct.

to

2

that

so

which

on

procured,

wheels

make

difficult

means

should

is

The

mounted.

trucks

small

the

fed, and

be

to

are

it from

in

If the much

silo hard

work.

If little labor, little Man's

fortunes

are

gaines: according to his paines.

are

our

"

Herrick"

most

it takes

cases

PLACE

MAN'S

A

TAKES

In

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

no

two

fill a

to

men

sack

of

grain, but by using the

sack

one

man

holder do

can

it

Make

alone.

a

platform, inches

b,

and

square,

fasten

it

to

20

2

4, with notches cut c, in. The a, arms, should

be

a

x

18 inches

the long. Make piece 3 upright feet that long so be long bags can

handled.

bags still HOLDER

SACK

enables

or

man

wise

old

owl

The

longer

The

less he

Why

are

There of

If it

It

not

were

were

an

stayed spoke the

the

"

in

two

piece. A device

that

takes

of

the

twice

less he he

place fast

as

as

ways

of

wise

debt

increase

bird?

old

:

increase

of thrift in

Carlyle. 'tis done, "

he

spoke.

paying

raising income,

quickly,

a

heard.

like that

us

done, when done

require a longer upright

oak,

more

of

more

work

will

while.

on

but

are

out.

sat

he

industry

laying

to

man

it is worth

without

could

A

a

Some

Macbeth.

then

'twere

well

HANDY

112

A

Many

to

made

FOR

RACK

will

hold

place

two

for the of the A

An

old

or

bench

or

shown

as

to

sit.

in front

can

fairlysatisfactorystraw

WORKING

THE

or

in

in

and

Place

a

the

cramped

drawing

gives the

a

stalks

better wise cross-

of you.

FEED mower

find it very

HUSKING

shocks

HOMEMADE lawn

by hand ground

corn

CORN

three

husker

RACK

floor

the

on

rack

A

position.

their

husk sit

DEVICES

HUSKING

CORN

who

tiresome

FARM

be feed

LAWN

CUTTER

arranged cutter.

MOWER

to

One

make must

a

BARNS

rig

hopper,

a

up

the straw

the

or

grass belt a

and

feed

to

the

the

turn

makes

the

in

sketch, and

the

of

end

cutter.

it

the

winter

that

so

knives

time

for

A

crank

one

man

good

when

the

where

mower.

it easy This is a

tach at-

for

use

it is not

outdoors.

ROOT

SAW Those a

lower

arrangement

mower

working

with

in

113

grain will just strike into the usually comes

and

lawn

a

STOCK

shown

as

to

mower

AND

who

have

cut

knife

or

butcher

CUTTER the

in

roots

hatchet

will

winter

time

fully appreciate

something for A

better

root

a

cutter.

Wisconsin

farmer

has

found

serviceable

a

homemade

lever

cutter

cient effi-

very

for all roots. For like

hard

His

is made

the

back,

of

out

old

an

fastened

by punched

contrivance the

roots

is

may

a

be

illustration. upon

The of

the bench

a

common

wall or

the

best

CUTTER

through a hole of by a guide formed upright, so as to have This

it

rutabagas,

is about ROOT

ones^

wherever

hand

means

the

at

and

success, cut

with

cutter

it will be

may

be at

most

about

a

held

secured

to

saw

rapidly.

very

The

end, and

of wood

slit for the

platform should table.

small

pieces

two a

available. thing sharpened on saw, bolt of a passing

work

in.

little tice pracSee accompanying

be

mounted

convenient. the

height

HANDY

114

and

cheap

easily in

shown

is

cutter

CUTTER

CABBAGE

HOMEMADE

A

DEVICES

FARM

made

the

and

cabbage drawing. i2-inch

Take

two

boards

them

nail

root

and

strongly With

together. mark

viders di-

around

circle, then

a

and

out

mark

on

slant, as dotted

by

four

inches

7

a

in

Cut

quarters. slots

saw

long shown

lines,

so

the

cabbage will fall through easily. Next cut

circles

two

inches Nail

in

wheel

on

and

leave

loose CABBAGE

to

CUTTER

on

act

as

Make admit wide

the

wheel,

enough

Make

a

top

so over

leaving the

knives

the

wheel

inches

2

do and

diameter.

to

one

a a

the

large

the

back

the

other

the

shaft

bearing. frame

clear, and strike

not

put

a

4

the

hopper

on

to

just side. the

the crank. 8 The knives opposite side from are inches be made from old bucksaw long and can an and side. ground down sharp, with a bevel on one Screw these on the wheel at a slant according to the thickness hole the cabbage is wanted. A square should the

be

cut

through

the

center

of the

wheel

for

shaft.

Kindle

not

the

fire that

you

cannot

extinguish.

FARMS

plank in

steep

wearing with

out

an

close

between down earth

and

sides.

and

will

This

prove

be

can

made

When

full

outside

side,

driveway durable.

to

of

is

by

and

continually

driveway

and

stakes

will

form

in

filling

all

packing pack

top,

the

down

driving

earth,

the

made

usually

substantial

either

on

rubbish

very

It

A

breaking.

stones,

the

is

barn

planks.

together

firmly.

the

the

save

grade

with

against

to

to

easy

stakes

DRIVEWAY

driveway order

II5

STOCK

SUBSTANTIAL

A

A

AND

and

an

sod

easy

some

over

rise

FEEDING

GROUND

DRY OME

of

GRAIN

friends

our

found

have

that

poultry feed hopper for feeding ground proved grain has very box i8 x i8 a satisfactory. Make inches and 6 inches deep, then take a

off

strip,a,

a

from.

eat

Take

a

box, 14 inches front 2

inches

feed

to

feed

and the

is

as

of the

suit the

bottom

of

allow

the

this

per hop-

into

the

into

fast

hopper

as

box

needed.

can

size of the

screwed

house

12

one

may and

wheat

bran

meal,

or

before

morning

small

a

the

mixture

beef

to

about

hopper

side

poultry of inside

to

of

of box, nailing even a

with

space

of

at

The

varied

be

to

It should

flock.

FEED

be

cover.

open

the

to

poured down

runs

bottom

size

in front

back

through.

pass

The

of box

back

width

end upper slanting in until

and

box

the

the the

the

for

box

insert

is left between

and

board

and

in cut, with of

edge

the

to

forms

across

board, ", the

long,

shown

as

forms

which

bottom,

at

wide

inches

3

fasten

hinges, which

with Nail

and

end

one

fowls.

of whole and

wall inches

of from

HOPPER

poultry floor.

By using this keep a dry mixture consisting of middlings and occasionally corn of linseed amount meal, always In addition, some people feed a corn,

evening,

oats

also

scraps. 116

and

wheat

ground

green

in the

bone

litter and

POULTRY

KEEPING

a

drinking

large

bottle

can

If

a

fountains

small

is

pan

will flow

out

cool.

Place

house

so

it

close

will

it the

the

scratch

not

straps. water

clean

will remain above

than

inverted.

with

beneath

and

high enough

fowls

and

water

convenient

it is used

as

the

placed

successful

more

are

wherever

fastened

be

CLEAN

jug filled with

or

IlJ

BEES

WATER

THE

Few

It

AND

and

floor of the

litter into

the

pan.

Build with

slanting tack

to

hens

henhouse

of

from

floor, and

put

your

in

crate.

The

the

3 feet high, off the top.

post

feet

water

square,

crate.

2%

about

feet

keep

to

cover

of

rack

the side

or

2

front, level

floor

Nail

lath

HENS

FOR

8-inch

an

in

board with

of

crate

a

a

Then

RACK

WATERING

A

pan

hens

will

quickly

and fly up drink by putting corn the lighting board. on learn

to

contrivance

This

from keeps the hens water spilling their or scratching dust or

to

it.

into

nail the

it is put

Keep

Be

rack

PLACE

IN

RACK

chaff

sure

securely

to

the

wall

or

post where

up.

your

shop

and

your

shop

will

keep

you.

ii8

HANDY

FARM

DEVICES

FOUNTAIN

DRINKING

The

small

for

stand

chicks

in

the

befoul

to

drinking fountain,

best

in that

get drowned,

to

it is

impossible they cannot

and

water

it,is made

by inverting a can or pail in a pan a trifle larger. mato Towith

cans

edges

pounded leaky pails

down, with

the

with and

pan

a

hole CHICKEN

made,

a

distance

pan

to

over

the

be

hole

used.

top, and

roost

the Fill

turn

A

of

small

MOVABLE

in the

top than with

over

side

the

just a depth of

invert

water,

the

quickly.

CHICKEN

is made

length.

holes

or

from

FOLDING

This

FOUNTAIN

can

Punch

little less the

top

in which

used.

be

anything

smooth

a

be

can

bent

ears

in fact

up,

the

ROOST

3-inch bolt

ROOST

boards

fastens

cut

the

any

sired de-

upright

HANDY

120

board, b, the

in front

lower

this

be

piece

of the

hen

cannot

get her

the trap and

FROM

COOPS

Very good

be

can

coops

barrels,

4 inches wide, and should rest against head

A

Then

raise

made

shown

as

in

BARREL

at

the

divide

cost

from

picture. First, hoops on both sides

barrel

big enough, by cutting through

BARREL

small

this

drive shingle nails through the and clinch them of each stave inside.

through,

out.

get

TWO

empty

should

DEVICES

3 or trap door

the

so

FARM

down in

the

on

the

halves, if it is

hoops

and

the

COOP

CHICKEN

ground to hold the side drive a long stick at each in place, and coop of the open to allow end just far enough from coop the front door to be slipped out The and in. night

bottom.

Drive

door

be

any

can

made

of

the

the

head

from

the

barrel

board, and the slatted door, used to the hen, by nailing upright strips of lath solid

crosslath

Weak

make

into

sticks

top and

at

wait

men

them.

"

Harden.

or fine con-

to

bottom.

for

opportunities

strong

men

a

POULTRY

BOX

A

The

is

CHICKEN

its

and

saw

strengthen

the

box

for the

groove

with

door,

greatest with

The

ease.

lath, or of

grade

of

coop

inches

and

than

two,

safe a

and

high

which the

feet

secure

of

boards

This

c.

the

make be

2

run can

be

make

as

a

is inclosed

coop

3 inches

good A it waterproof. 2^ feet long, 16 with

to

a

high.

that made the

scantlings or

wood,

have you the with

shuts

covered

be

Then

acts

Thus

and

RUN

POULTRY

LOW

would

frame

laths, box

should 2

pen

end.

COOP

IN

to

paper

sort

A

A

should

roofing

deep

b,

of

right

strips of

opens

front

the

strips,placed 23^^to

top

this

of

slide in.

a, to

narrow

The

apart.

hole

a

ture special fea-

one

narrow

DOOR

which

sliding door,

the

box

a

make

to

way

hole, d, in

of the

side

each

on

a

HINGELESS

a

121

COOP

Procure

door.

dimensions

c,

BEES

convenient a diagram shows for the poultry yard, of which

coop

b,

AND

similar

requires from sides and

2

less material

laths feet

the

material.

sawed

high,

top

of

The

in

ing mak-

sawed

top of

the

harness

bits of old

using

entirelyof trap doors, will look for hinges, which of the one picture shows

almost

consist

should

run

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

122

neatly. The doors propped up to show plainly. The doors are 4 if cut

well

a

lath, and

still

8

to

the

soil

and

otherwise is of

2

caring X

2-inch

side

strips are

wide.

The

mounded

"

other

sake

at

this of

of

and

way

of such

easily for

with

birds.

of inch

under

length

COOP

enter

to

for the

is worth of

an

replacing

made

for the

Earl

is

scantling

earth

Whatever well.

tender

permits

top

the

more

light important feature,

POULTRY

TRAP-DOOR

it

long,

feet the

10

trap door

This

material.

as

feet

construction

clumsy, being constructed

be

not

be

may

the

fresh

The

the

run

earth, while

sawed

should

or

material

frame

corners,

boards

ing remov-

2

be

the

inches

slightly

dryness.

doing

Chesterfield.

at

all is worth

doing

POULTRY

A

One

123 COOP

about

annoyances it is not

ordinary

an

chicken

from easily moved place to provided with a yard. To obtain a yard be moved must separately, and thus require

is that

place, nor the

BEES

CHICKEN

PORTABLE

of the

coop

AND

coop

the

of

loss

shown

more

less time.

or

is

herewith

the

ing draw-

homemade

simple,

a

In

coop,

^*tbki

COOP

which

can

handles

very

the

at

EASILY

easily be

ordinary material V-shaped roof and

A

as

shown

convenient

end.

on

at

frame,

base

a

side

The

frames. each

The

end,

length is about

2

may

held

in

by slats, as A

The can

does

build not

one

go

filters around warm.

The

into

a

lamp

day.

the

under

$2 and

about

costs

in

a

is

handle.

the

for

coop

desired, the

hen

may

be

BROODER

HOMEMADE

material

a

yard or drawing.

in the

shown

with

ridge pole

feet

If 4 feet for the yard. 3 or be allowed of the the freedom

and

is built

coop and

form

to

of the

aid

the

by

moved

each

at

apex

of

extended,

MOVED

The

chick the

flame

gas

a

handy

from

the

apartment

floor, making is about

3

person

at

it

inches

lamp

all, but

dry

and

from

the

FARM

DEVICES

flows

up

HANDY

124

The

iron.

sheet

heat

thus

is perforated with holes /, which letting part of the heat out into

and

the

drum,

the

in

balance

floor, c, is about the

not

touch

the

floor, c.

brooder the

reservoir, g, between

heat

the

gently through in the the

side, hover The

above.

iron, k, and

sheet

the

deep. The tube, /, should iron, merely extending through

inch

i

sheet

It takes

little oil.

very

f//fi\\\\\\l^^r'"'At'""('//^W^

T

ua "v)

Z/^/////:^/^^///////////^}/}///^/^//^}^

//////////

DETAILS

In

the

cut,

matched d

each

is the

a,

boards, b; small

are

side

fumes, below

/ shows

the

c

windows,

of the

door

best

BROODER

is board

floor of

is the

e

to

roofing

paper

reach

material holes

are

escape

the

inch-

over

same

hover, h

for the

brooder

lamp,

;

in

of gas and air space n

floor.

MOVABLE

The

OF

BROODER

type of house

HOUSE

shown

in the

raising poultry. with a tight board

It may floor of

for

A

convenient

6

feet

high

size in

is 6 feet

front

and

4

wide feet

cut

be

is

built

matched and at

lo

the

of the

one on

ners, run-

boards. feet rear.

long, The

POULTRY

door

is in the

side, be

with

BEES

there

middle, and

125

is

window

a

each

on

The roof should openings below. a good quality of prepared roofing.

two

covered

AND

with

vv44i

HOUSE

The

material

same

make

the

after

the

house

studs

and

from

with

and

with

tarred

the covered

They

paper

with

can

fowls

in these

good

a

paper,

the

wintered

down

T

apart

drawn

egg

from

think

the

chickens

animals.

other

east

of

"

two

shape.

taut.

This

which

made

and

the

houses

The

Yankee.

pieces of These

the

without

can.

set

ered cov-

terial only maair. They

discomfort,

yield. The wire netting the house sagging when

they

2-

x

covered then

was

outside

i

were

and

centers

on

snow.

who

and

in

put

HENHOUSE

together

netting

and

be

may

out,

made

were

wire

gave

a

inches

10

between have

"

by

rafters

feet

2

up

foxes

CHEAP

stuff nailed

inch

taken

will

sides

the

cover

Roosts

are

VERY

built

was

to

warmer.

easily protected

It

used

brooders

A

RUNNERS

ON

vented prewas

126

FARM

HANDY

Do

when

you,

notice,

it

run

down?

Here

securely fasten

to

hammock

handle

Fasten

way.

6

about

feet

is fine for

deep. A bag, or horse

a

short

on run

you

barrel

a

long, and piece of

3 feet

about

bag

a

better

chicken

it doesn't

provided

down, a

fried

want

you

is a

CATCHER

CHICKEN

DAYLIGHT

A

DEVICES

net

or

hoop it

to an

old

fish net

cannot anything the chicken Lay it get out of. the ground, call the chicken and throw the corn on the bag, and lift when suitable over one on goes the hoop and it. If the bag is made have up you foot deep it can not be dropped down i over over the chicken while eating. "

SIMPLE

A

Make to

a

box

4 inches

deep, 6

4-foot pole with

a

from

turning

mesh

wire.

steel trap

put

a

the

trees

chickens. to

sure

the

If there catch

SCARE

a

on

where

cleats Cover

over.

Place

TRAP

HAWK

inches

at

the

little chicken

top of box hawks

and

lodge

hawks

are

bottom

of box

top

and

square

to

i-inch

out

under for

watch

around,

then

box;

it

set

keep

to

with

in the

nail

the

it is pretty

them.

AWAY

CROWS

AND

HAWKS

For

and from the crows keeping hawks away poultry yards, get a few bright tin shingles, link them arm an together with wire, and hang upon sun extending from the top of a high pole, where and wind strike fairly. The jingle and glitteris sufficient to keep these pests at a safe distance. You melon

will

also

find

fields where

them crows

useful are

in

the

troublesome.

corn

and

128

HANDY

FARM

DEVICES

is made

ber ^-inch lumfor the outside, ship-lapped together in a manner make to a perfect joint. It is 20 inches wide, long, about 20 inches high to the eaves, 24 inches and or roof, outside measurements, weighs complete about 50 pounds. The inside dimensions of the brood

preserved.

should

nest

the

as

raised and ends

This

hive

the

be

same

as

of scant

any

8

or

lo-frame

hive,

bee

nest keeper may prefer. The brood of packing between sufficientlyto admit

the

hive

and

proper,

also

a

space

for

packing

is it at

sides.

DOVETAILED

HIVE

portion of the hive being well protected of the bees against the cold, the warmth sation will care for the upper portion. To avoid condenafter nest brood the cover removing the chaff with substance, or a surplus cases porous rim about cushion. Make wooden deep, a 4 inches ing with burlap and fillcovering the top and bottom wheat cut with chaff or straw. prefer Many and for cushions both the cut straw packing the The

lower

POULTRY

This

hives. the

than In

rim

inside

few

a

back

the makes which

the

made

little smaller

a

the

cover

front, giving The

when

shelves

for

off of

or

circulation

a

raised, the

is

cover

use

covers,

as

shown

of

the

is the

as

be

can

surplus department, time.

same

129

highly appreciated; besides,

are

liftingon hives.

in

end, and

two

be

weather

inches

the

at

BEES

hive.

warm

of air all around it

should

of the

extremely

raised

AND

and

ing shad-

hinged in

at

cut,

operators, there in

case

is

no

other

The

is hinged and alighting board can touch the ground, which is of great advantage to the bees during a heavy flow of honey. Perhaps there are more single-walled hives used the

in

United

hives, but is

States

than

in northern

double-walled

states

a

or

double-walled

chaff hive

preferable. DEVICE

Wax, comb,

EXTRACTING

FOR

as

produced

is almost

pure

SOLAR

into by the bees and worked white, but, on being melted

WAX

EXTRACTOR

cooled, is yellow. A man the beekeeper to use every and

BEESWAX

who solar

knows wax

advises extractor.

HANDY

130

All

that

fit

is

combs, a

with

at

Set the

up

for

of

the

in

combs

old

dish

set

To

get

A

be

may it

a

full

of

dish.

The

around bees

Then

the to

keep

take

you

and

syrup

string.

for

over

the

invert will

syrup

edges it

of cleaned

the

the

seep

jar up.

break

in

water

rendering.

BEES

bees

feeding

fruit

ordinary

an

the

out, soak

then

before

device if

made

most

lowest, catch

to

the

FOR

simple

very

melt

the

under

to

having

corner

pieces,

SELF-FEEDER

To

dripping-pan,

that

longer

glass

drawing.

and

fine

two

or

a

v^ith

box

a

the

an

sun.

into

day

a

box

kind

have

in

corner,

one

some

wax.

the

in

DEVICES

to

shown

as

put

hole

is

necessary

it,

over

FARM

top

tie in

can

out

just

thick

a

a

small

through fast

enough

syrup

on

can,

fill with

rag pan

the for

or

rag

the

IRON

AN

TRELLIS

HOOP

HIS

trellis that

hoops

are

They

pieces, collection

a

into

of

uniform

An

and

finished

are

provided, for

not

more

while

one

than

made

or

a

quire re-

of

strips board,

hoops

are

by

putting

wooden

painted

flower

This

2 cured se-

small wire

up

posts

may tive attrac-

some

gardens,

Diligence

will

trellis both

appreciated for

is the

of

need

may

uprights for

strips

TRELLIS

THE

color.

greatly

assorted

hoops,

inch

The

The

oiled

quite

A

will

The of

be

the

to

fencing.

to

top,

taste.

peas

dozen.

Three

being

two

sweet

wide.

staples

length

plants

tomato

half

inches

going

end

the

at

individual

should

wood

be

can

shown,

lower

knob

a

the

for

a

they

is

the

at

with

for

trellis

be

trellis

pointed

matter

circle, and,

together

get

can

rels. bar-

sizes.

attractive

wood,

one

monly com-

wire,

stout

constantly

are

when

these,

of

so

iron

other

and

complete

a

barrels

as

used

now

are

into

the

of

sugar

upon

welded

made

is

in

its

strength

mother

of 131

be the and

good

vegetable

and

attractiveness.

luck.

"

Franklin.

HANDY

132 PLANT The

SUPPORTS

ordinary

made

FARM

into for

wooden

shown

heavy have

in

stakes

and

years

trellis

TRELLIS

out

some

is not

good

way

of

from

barrels

trellis for grapes

be

may

or

a

port sup-

TRELLISES

sketch.

with

A A

the

arrangement

an

hoops

HOOPS

twining plants by being arranged

smaller

HOOP

as

BARREL

OF

attractive

an

DEVICES

Attach No.

7 smooth

which

will

unattractive

FOLDING

wire

to

and

for

last

the

to

firmly

them

you several

eye.

TRELLIS

pole beans is plastering lath, as

to

to

make

shown

a

folding

in the

cuts.

Bore

three

small

holes

through

each

lath, as

shown

in the

first

and

fasten

them

together

FOLDED common

wire

nails

well

cut

with

clinched.

GARDEN

Five-foot wire

wires

with

IN

handled.

easily

PLACE

When

the

The

bottom.

lath

sections

IN

THE

in

the so

a

soon

ground

wire

at

is

the

plowed.

at

beans in

row

vines.

can

may

Plant

and

just

go

the be with

wire.

tween be-

cultivated one

vine

done

cultivate to

as one

vine, then

together where

them

the

braces with to

be

and

BEANS

FOR

This

apart

begin

side of line until beans

poles slanting,tying

cross

This

top.

TRELLIS

set

spaced

are

distances

convenient

at

posts

each

up

BEANS

POLE

TO

WAY

stretch

row

be

posts.

EASY

as

to

as

it is folded

use

The shelter. under laid away posts section of trellis will evenly so that one

Set

second

GARDEN

and

two

a

fastened

are

in

in

not

and

ground

shown

string, as

TRELLIS

133

in

foot

i

trellis is made

The

cut.

set

are

top and

at

strung

the

to

posts

ORCHARD

AND

hoe.

hill

are

whole

row

they and

3 feet apart than two better

Hills

A

plant support the drawing, is

in

ALONE

STANDS

THAT

TRELLIS

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

134

garden trellis,such as shown handy in the garden. This very or

double trellis

form

of

be

ed fold-

can

and

up

little

very

takes

All

storage.

be as

the

OF

FORM

for

beans,

tomatoes,

plants

that

is built

of

need

peas,

The

season.

useful

are

other

and

cucumbers

support.

some

until

next

They

vested har-

stored

cover

the

TRELLIS

as

is

and

DOUBLE

ered gath-

soon

crop

under

lises trel-

stakes

and should

in

room

trellis

double

^-inch slats and pieces of 2 x 3, which bolted are together for the legs. The top be held in place by pieces of string or wire may the attached in the drawing. at points indicated The and height of this trellis should length, width the use of it. A large one to be made depend upon will be wanted for a large spreading plant and a for a small small one plant. It is important to have trellises just the right size to give proper narrow

support.

PROTECTING Plants or

newly

NEWLY

transplanted always

less protection

much

sun a

and

shelter

SET

from

wind. such

as

the

demand

more

blighting effects

It is best is shown

PLANTS

achieved

in the

cut.

of

too

ing by makTwo

10-

136

HANDY

DEVICES

FARM

THE

MAKING

HOTBED

vegetable garden and the time during greatly increased be secured supply of fresh vegetables may of the table greatly lengthened by the use The

value

of

hotbed

manure

adjuncts made

and not

are

latter

the

and

cost

so

cold

of the little

part of February

which

a

for

the

common

pensable indis-

These

good garden are so easily that it is surprising they the A made good hotbed

common.

more

frame.

be

can

every

March

in

or

made

be

can

supply of lettuce, radishes, yield an abundant spinach, etc., for table use by the time such crops are being planted out of doors, and the supply of and other plants for the home cabbage, tomatoes be secured ready to transplant several garden can in the open weeks earlier than if plants grown were depended upon.

to

As

of heat

source

a

half

About

in

depth,

to

contain

be

and

4

After should

pile to the again is well old

In

use.

the

has

under

for

well

of the

inside

meantime

the and

in the

manure

a

frame

6

feet

wide

level with and

as

the

the

spot, and

place packing in Make

surface.

desired, but

hotbed

end

as

Now

and

as

the

heating ready for

deep

west.

long

multiple of three, because The always made 3 feet wide. some

is

feet

trench, tramping

layers until

thin, even

when

piles

well-drained

a

sloping to the south, if possible. Dig a trench 6"^ feet wide, 2 long as desired, running east and the

sired. de-

of

outside

material

select

beds

the

started, the

new,

the

way

gether to-

piles 2 or 3 feet and long enough

turning

over,

mixed

straw

necessary

heating

forked

be

fine

in square 5 feet in width

amount

is used.

manure

piled

or

the

horse

half

and

manure

should

fresh

sash

piece

are

should

9 inches The back. wide

for

preferably frame

A

frame the

the

12

and

12

or

for

enough

side

front

and

front

in

high

be

rear

the

and

south

frame

the

it will

require

be

of

farm with

sash

common

boards,

two

the top.

On

soil and

cover

6 feet

will run first the heat At by 3 feet wide. high, but in a few days it will fall to 80 it is safe to plant the seeds. degrees, when

Hotbed

and of cypress, direction only, and may

bar

of

sound

ends

the ends

23^

be A to

to

ends

timber,

3

the

at

of the

bottom

inches

wide.

the

in

run

one

at

end, mortised side

with

a

top to

tenon

pieces,which be

so

fermenting the dwelling

with

the

m^ade

be

should

sash

wide

should

hotbed either

the

bars, and

sash

through

heated

of inches

pass

permanent be

should

bars

pine

that

two

wide

inches

90

or

lengthwise of the sash. The verse be braced by a transthrough the middle the placed through the long bars below

The

glass.

very

of white

constructed

sash

the

or

bars

be

should

sash

long

HOTBEDS

PERMANENT

MAKING

the

of

top

windows

or

inches

9

quite large garden. Set this the slope facing

by stakes. good garden

secured

with

should

manure

put 6 inches

manure

board

ordinary

in the

high

at one 3, with the wide 15 feet in length will be

top of the

on

15 inches

and

37

1

ORCHARD

AND

GARDEN

and

4 receive at

should

constructed manure

the

or

as

by

or greenhouse radiating pipes from bed, in which a permanent heating plant. For feet is to supply the heat, a pit 2 to 2^ manure the work deep, according to the latitude in which be provided. is to be done, should be supported by a lining sides and ends may The of plank supported by posts 4 feet apart, or, what

I3S is better the

in

still,a brick

drawing,

pit liningshould soil.

well-drained of the

be

come

with

pit

should

the

land, and

a

provided

to

of the

naturally

on

from

the

case

surface

be

tile drain be

should

excavation

either

the

flush

shown

thick, as

9 inches In used.

wall

may

site for

The

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

the

bottom

prevent

the

^.'^:^ }^^'

HOTBED

from

water

fermentation

the

hotbed

the

of

is in

WALLS

the

manure

pit and stopping during the period

use.

hotbed

therefore,

in

accumulating

the

Standard

BRICK

WITH

should

sash be

are

some

by 6 feet. multiple of

The

3

3

feet

pit, in

the as length, and the width should be the same length of the sash, 6 feet. The plank frame, or the the above brickwork of the pit, may be extended for placsurface of the ground sufficiently to allow ing the sash these immediately upon permanent structures.

HEAT Make and

an

about

excavation a

foot

HOTBEDS

FOR 5

deep.

x

16

feet

on

Lengthwise

the

surface,

along

this

three

lay

space and

about

one

should

be

4

of

rows

inside

inches

and every

is filled with

rich

soil until

excepting

the

end

next

put

row

of

in

place

the

5

surface, bare

for

feet, is

15

x

each

of

inches ends

of

the

should

be

dug

in this

hole

brick

and

the

projecting beyond

tiles

left

6

leave

excavation the

are

hold

to

as

with

frame,

to

as

so

Then

tiles

the board

The

inches.

few

a

at

so

level

long. closely,

fit

them

tiles

foot

i

to

as

so

39

center

The

and

measure,

are

the

side.

each

placed end to end earth is pressed around piece exactly in place.

These

along

tiling,one from

foot

a

1

ORCHARD

AND

GARDEN

frame. At

the

of the

ends

east

and

surface feet on 3x4 crude a fireplacemay At

tile.

the

should

giving

enter, Cover

the

6-inch

circular

top

them

frame

into

of

projecting

brick

a

the flue

common

three

ber cham-

tiles outlet.

for

closely,excepting a a single length of

chamber

of this

loose

ends

which

into a

hole,

of

three

of the

made

be

deep;

made

the

end

west

hole

a

feet

2

be

with

flue connected

the

bed,

which

the stovepipe is fitted. A sloping door is hung over fireplacecavity to keep out the rain ; and the earth surface water to prevent raised high enough around the soil about Bank from running into the hole. six old You frame. happen to have on hand may storm

window

sashes

slope

to

the

south

Of

size.

of that

sashes

in the

usual

course

the

way.

fireplace the tiles the stovepipe. The smoke comes freely from 6 inches. soil to a depth of about with covered are the" With can quickly warm up a good fire,you when the coldest earth days of spring. And on well heated, the earth and tilinghold the heat once When

for beds

a

the

fire

is

kindled

in

the

Unlike

long time, provided the draft is closed. heated

with

manure,

the

heat

supply

can

thus

HANDY

140 be

regulated

FARM

the

suit

to

DEVICES

demand

of the

prevailing

weather.

COLD

FRAMES

In

the

The

AND

South

THEIR frames

cold

principal

winter

in

are

all w^inter.

use

lettuce, are grown and bage, occasionally cab-

crops

radishes, beets, cauliflower while

MANAGEMENT

followed in commonly spring by cucumbers, cantaloups and sometimes Irish frames The are easily made. potatoes. Rough inch lumber (heart pine is best in the South, and hemlock in the North) and 2 x 4 or 2 x 3-inch scantling are all that is required. For the double frames, strips3 inches wide and ^ or ^ inch thick, the frame, should be long enough to extend across provided for rafters. The back or north side of the should be 12 or single frame high, while 15 inches the front should In Southern to 8 inches. slope down covers are used, the back practice,where canvas all cracks should be well should feet and be 2% with covered building paper, held in place by laths tacked

these

it.

over

Good

are

crops

is to

dip

will

preserve

into

the

the

for

treatment

posts

kerosene

used

in

them

in

them

indefinitely. Drive

ground

18

inches

and

tion construc-

This

night.

over

the

let them

posts

extend

ward up-

the top of the boards, putting a post at the and nailing them of each pair of boards to it.

to

union All

ends

can

be

and

sides

of

high,

with

posts

the

the

the center

2^

feet

so

that

the

ground prepared

with

frames

best

double the

made

be

may

quickly removed,

plowed

Down

rafters

and

ends

sloping upward

of the above

are

frame,

ground

a

are

row

set

that

so

frames

they

can

The

mule.

a

made to

of 8

2

be

I

foot

2^^ fee" x 4-incff

feet

apart.

GARDEN

Over

each

the

to

of these

one

frames

cold

ORCHARD

I4I

rafter is bent

a

and

fastened-

frames.

of the

sides

For

AND

North, glass is the

in the

only

thought of. By all means, put the and southeast frames to or facing the south up afford protection against the north and northwest winds, cold the country over, a high wall, a thick should be close hedge, or a piece of thick woodland

covering

back

the

at

be

to

The

of them.

soil in the rich

and

frames

stable

is

acre

an

should

manure

thoroughly decomposed,

tons

be

thoroughly prepared, dance pulverized thoroughly. An abun-

of well-rotted if

should

at

the

excessive,

not

and

drained

that

of 75 to 100 the unless soil is

that

their

is

land

stand, side

one

from

time

to

is used

canvas

be

given

should

of the

plants should time to provide

be

to

well

soil become

the

or

water

in addition, the

but watered

will

water

no

logged;

water

The

ventilation.

;

rate

already very rich. Whether glass or must as a covering great attention water

used

be

be

tion, ques-

carefully for

sufficient

needs.

too constantly, kept down coverings are and spindling growth of the plants will be weak such diseases as damping off, Botrytis and drop

If the the and

work

will

with

havoc

watering, ventilation the ground stirred are these not or

pests.

let it rise too

drawing

should

be

the

temperature

the

ends

under

is

may

be

them.

A

the

the

lower

it

a

not

surface

of

of

trolling con-

do

temperature,

by raising the canvas

sash

covers

of every day when low, and at other times

portion too

raised, to allow

sharp

to

secrets

The

covers.

attention

the

keeping genuine

Watch

the back

drawn

and

high,

back

Careful

them.

eye

must

the be

air

to

kept

circulate on

the

frost

item.

stoves

may

be

Sometimes be used

down

either

them

down.

should off

be

burlap or by tying them

by strong

The

lifted

being

be held glass sash may staple,a hook being placed

a

back

of the

frame

at

staple

in the

end

the

their

prevent

and

down

of

with

hook

to

mats,

winds. end

upper

should

securely held in place or by weighting the glass covering and

straw

canvas

fastened

well

oil

provided,

frames

glass covered

and

Both

is

heat

steam

with

covered

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

142

the

of

center

of the

with

sash

each

Canvas

sash.

the

on

covers

by nailing along the center to a of the rafters, board run lengthwise on the center of double in the case along the coverings, or in the back of single ones and case by placing small marbles or pebbles in the cloth and tying and about these 5 feet, along the ends 4 or every used sides, slipping the looped ends of the twine and in tying them into the ends nails driven over held

best

are

of the

sides

frame.

HAND

A

that

Now

down

"clusivelyin

CULTIVATOR

GARDEN

garden a

rows

crops

are

tool

that

almost

planted

clean

will

ex-

the

out

ing the plants, and, by makweeds, stir the soil around loss of the a mulch, prevent good surface moisture

to

of the

care

is

extent,

some

garden.

The

used

for

usually

gardener, considered

rather

for the

is essential wheel this

but

the

tor cultiva-

our

the

by

purpose

the

high by

of

hoe

is

price

ordinary

proper

fessional pro-

generally farmer

or

amateur.

This

machine,

handsome a

$6

or

although

in appearance,

$8 tool,

and

homemade

does cost

not

the more

and work than

not as

very

well 40

as

cents

HANDY

144

A

FARM

CONVENIENT

This

STOOL

GARDEN

useful in doing hand will prove from barrel two garden. It is made

work

device

in the

upon

which

This

should

and

The

between The

r

device

is

the

for

stool

low

stool.

that

the

it of

rows

the

in

^i,

seat

x:

the

more

staves

so

holes

large enough u

render

a

narrow,

,

are

through

be

veg"etables. "^

STOOL

WEEDING

is mounted

drawn

be

may

go

DEVICES

fingers

to

dled. easily han-

for

especially convenient

the

women.

WATERING

To

SEED

seeds disturbing small by watering, planted in forcing boxes, a plan has been which turbance not only insures against the disof the seed, but keeps the soil of the entire

devised

in

box

Make

feature

drain wax

unglazed quite hot. hole

With

in

bottom

the

entire

which

the

a

of

inch

of the

Cover

the

will draw will

troublesome

the not

a

few

stove on place same short piece of candle, seal not to put pots, taking care

bottom

water

soil should

sion, occa-

pots and

9 inches apart pieces of broken

attraction

you

flower

is

which

early growth.

about

overlap

34

in

moisture,

of any desired size to suit the about deep. Then get 3 inches

over

box

of

state

box

a

and

until

moderate

a

essential

small

EASY

MADE

avoid

when

an

SOIL

on

pots, to convey the

to

be

a

of pot. Place pots in thin layer of sand, and

sifted

soil

entire and

box

by capillary of

the

filled to

box,

within

top of the pots. box

with

glass, and

heat

from

above

By this method is so have surface baking, which with surface watering. If so desired. water

up

to

the

roots.

can

you

OWLS

CATCHING

A

of

friend

placed

of

hay

shown

owl

or

hawks the

same

In

some

so

there owl

The

most

capture

be

to

the ing see-

fed

around

ways.

the

on or

the

two

hawks

chickens TRAP

premises.

difficult part of this scheme of the first owl, but if you are a

perform is

a

POST

ON

is often a

good

tHe

hunter

way.

absolute

no

Money

it,

caught. is paid,

were

rabbits

on

will find

Make

and

places a bounty is a profit in two

die

may

night,

a

the

hide

months

hawks

17

and

that

you

In two

may

caught

you

and

way.

and

owls

The

post.

came,

with

alighted in the During the day were caught in

near,

the

post

to

came,

stake

a

to

4

to

At

cut.

to

tened fas-

He

tied

trap,

Others

nothing on

grass

chain

and

yards

30 each

trap

owl

large

a

field.

on

the

in

called.

trap

HAWKS

to

20

steel

small

a

post just under as

AND

small

a

open

owl, and

the

bunch

an

in diameter

5 inches from

water.

posts 5 feet tall and

three

set

of

middle

warm

captured

ours

securely with

him

in the

with

fill pots

Always

pots.

pieces of pasteboard evaporation from the

surface

tin,and avoid

or

circular

pots with

the

cover

145

ORCHARD

AND

GARDEN

promises,

for

nobody

will

them.

good

servant,

but

a

bad

master.

help

146

HANDY

MOVING

To

move

a

to

picture. stuff.

and

wrap or

standard

piece

to

side

A

LARGE

large tree one a rig similar

Make

Loosen

carpet

each

use

DEVICES

FARM

the

dirt around

RIG

FOR

the

tree

to

that

it very satisfactory shown in the

standard the

MOVING

firmly

find

may

three-sided

a

TREE

of

roots

2

x

4-inch

of the

tree

with

old

TREE

at

the

base

the injury. Place burlap to prevent firmly in the ground and tie the crossto the body of the tree with strong rope of the

standard

and

hitch

a

horse

to

the

GARDEN

Other

end. the

onto

It

be

can

With

drag and placed

standard

in

the

upon

A

penny

A

pin

The

the

pull the

slow

a

hauled

then the

in same

it

is

day's

a

Provides

is

from

the

a

year.

Benjamin

"

wants

which

to

is

the

roots

and

place

in

chain

is

round

the

hooked,

ball

two

and

shown

as

Figure

a

passed times

three

Then

many

is well

this

i.

with

a

pair

Young.

that

soil,

hold

pay,

TREES

drying.

When

in

away.

"

a

to

prevent

or

run

to

carefully in sacking

canvas

tied

wherewith

make

of

ball

wrapped on

it

Franklin.

The

leaving

tree,

or

the

load

to

all round

dig

which

such

as

to

move

large

used

was

transplant large trees transplanting is by

to

way

be.

to

it

a

difficult

is to

location.

new

again by using

TRANSPLANTING

first

drawn

clear,

pence

builds, and

home

a

two

groat

a

who

man

so

be

can

the

to

ground way

tree

drag.

saved

Here

147

ORCHARD

AND

FIGURE

I

BALLED

is not posed sup-

148 of

wheels

heavy

laid

short

a

on

it,Avith

across

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

massive

a

and

axle

fastened

hook

iron the

pole, back

to

Figure

sketch, its lever

with

ready into

chain.

and

the

wheels.

The

trunk

must

the

t^,

ine

as

transplanting little as possible. The

what

manly

do

part

is

do.

Emerson.

can

you

trees

"

to

a

of

young

be

from the

is

pole pair

contact

machinery free

blankets TRUCK

up,

second

by

in

tree

under

with

AND

it down

fastened

kept

HOOK

the

of

the

when

2

rope

end

the

to

the

The

pole brings

FIGURE

the

2, shows

hook

^'

the

to

up

raised

at

to

it is easy

The

tree.

truck

pole

strong

a

use

and

basrs. r

^

secret

of

cess suc-

01

is to

injure

the

roots

with

might

and

main

Many things difficult to design Johnson. performance. Samuel

easy

prove

to

"

HOMEMADE This

is

fruit

a

at

device the

FRUIT that

top

of

is hard

PICKER to

tall trees.

beat

for

After

ing reacha

little

GARDEN

practice,a

hand

pickers and

injuring

the

in

drawing.

The

frame

of

heavy

is

wire,

copper

time

same

not

to

is attached

which the

strong

The

end,

spring, d.

handle

as

needed.

is

a,

into

long

When

of

picker are

the

cloth.

cloth

tube

PICKER

THE

IN

USE

as

the

in the

the

serted in-

wooden

a

shown

long

stripping out-

is

upper main

on

the

far

fruit.

the

construction

shown

at

rapidly,

DETAILS

WIRE

The

it

operate

can

man

149

ORCHARD

AND

sack

muslin

picture of

the

picker

easily closed

The

fruit falls

into

the hand

is

attached

in use,

the

as

jaws

by pulling slightly through the sack or

of the operator.

Many

HANDY

ISO have

devices

it v^ill be

this

in the

TRUSS

A

that

one

if constructed

one

For

find

to

DEVICES

for this sort

made

been

hard

FARM

better

shape

of

rungs

four

indicated.

I

for

wide

top, 14 inches

ladder

;^oinches

the

at

i

Place side

12

inches

at

center, Put

bottom.

)4-inch bolt through the the rungs, pieces just below 6d nail through the end of a

side

a

I

to

rung

Keep

out.

I

A

ladder

made

pine, on

trestles

but

inch

I

placed yet

when the

on

M-fi^^advantage "

THE

LADDER

in the

as

Let that

faith let it. "

Never it.

Never

cheap.

pounds

center.

It is

spring of

us

were

light,

it is almost

a

it. The

truss

possible im-

special

ladder

is

is a very great lightness, which bined, strength is comadvantage, when of this particular ladder. case

right makes might end do our duty as we

faith that

have

us

end, deflected

150

strong, and to

^^'^

long, supported

each

at

tight.

of Oregon

above,

feet

14

each

ping slip-

all bolts

as

and

from

them

prevent

2

x

the

between

Make

at

of

side.

each

2

X

pieces

pieces. and

than

LADDER

14-foot ladder select wood, using two pieces ^

service, but

works

exact

a

hard

of

to

the

; and

in

stand under-

Lincoln.

spend buy

your

money

what

you

before do

not

youVe want;

earned it is not

HANDY

152

FARM

DEVICES

picked up from discarded machinery two or quickly made by nailing together crosswise from boards them to splitting,boring a prevent hole in the center for the axle and rounding them off with One end of the table a key hole saw. should inches made several the be higher than other, so that the culls will roll into a pile at the wheels

can

lower

be

end.

SORTING

OREGON

In as

the

shown

Hood here

accommodate take

or

Saw have make

district of

commonly packers.

is two

Oregon

used. To

a

is made

This make

such

table

such

a

to

table

3 feet high. It is made lap with strong burfeet in size, the top covered allowed to and canvas hang rather loosely.

four

3x4

river

TABLE

standards

off the tops the sharp

points

that

about

of the corners

legs on push

will bruise

or

a

bevel

into

the

cut

the

so

as

not

burlap, fruit.

to

and

GARDEN

A around

the

wire is

each

side

fruit

in

this

packer back

than

greater

without

bending

allow

in

3x4 two

unnecessary

all

packers

boxes,

greatest The

to

stretching.

also

all

as

shelves all

the

comfort, top

well

firmly,

it

anything reach

fruit.

height

construct

to

as

as

The

cases.

feet,

is

The

boxed.

the

with

it

cut

support.

being

the

together

the

is

point work

can

holding

region

the

to

nailed

generally protect

the

braces

load

for

are

to

in

and

legs

is

table

the shown

heavy

a

relative,

of

153

hose

garden

braces

the

there

not

old

top

the

Besides to

of

piece

ORCHARD

AND

on

good is

only each

so

ing avoid-

should

not

larger

would

points

be

of

it

FIELD^AND^"VOOD

HAY

PORTABLE

DERRICK

VERY

for satisfactory derrick in the stacking hay is shown sketch. The base pieces are 6x6 inches by i6 feet. For the center use a pole we straight round pole

7

and feet

We

long. iron

an

insert

the

About

which

loops

to

form

an

three it

for

the

which

are

J

fastened

the

about

from

pole.

the

X

tom bot-

central

This

allows

pole

to

turn

when

top is

2

15

of the

readily upright The

that

attach-

ment

feet

is

collar,

has

braces

peg it

top

iron

an

the

way half-

the

to

at

base

which

turns.

5 inches

put

the

upon

diameter

band

around

and

in

inches

6-inch

in

position. work framemade

of

pieces

HAY 154

DERRICK

at

top

the about

base 24

AND

FIELD

feet

12

of

when

turn

around

the

from

to

is in

use

upon out

of

inch

piece

stack.

TIGHTENER

it

in the

shown

shape the ture pic-

in with

a

hammer.

a

long

point

notch

a

let in the

face

of

Insert

bolt

at

the

indicated

the

to

by

dotted

light

lines,

prevent

splitting.Fasten the

on

with

hammer

leather

straps.

TIGHTENER

the

hurt

not

It should

device.

stick

is

wire

that

reel

is

wheels

a

hands be

short

of

on

a

that

are

tough

one

than truck

shafts.

it will be

you

inch.

an

smooth

using

the

hardwood.

REEL

which

better

half

about

when

made

on

is much

with

so

WIRE

device

mounted

out

handle

FENCE

Here

USE

IN

The

should sharp brads Carefully finish the and

the

onto

wagon

and very convenient easily made wire when stringing tightening barbed Cut

board

or

device

a

the posts. a

to

ground

WIRE

A

Here

three

shown as hay rope, is attached near By having the lower pole attached will make half a the upright the arms the hay fork is lifted,thus swinging

in sketch.

base

of

rigging, consisting

the

and

pulleys the

The

long.

155

WOOD

The

wind

can

an

made cart

old

barbed

barrel. of

may

old be

The

buggy drawn

156

HANDY

along by

FARM

while

DEVICES

boy steadies the reel to keep it from rapidly. For winding up unwinding too is best pushed just fast enough wire, the machine a

man

WIRE

keep

to

the

with

up

reel.

A

serviceable

Never

drink

neither

One

as

placed

the

SAFE

work

of

barbed

TO

the

wire

till

of a

is

plank

2-inch

reel

have

you

have

worthy

STRING

on

proves

in

it;

being ignorant be

to

read it.

seen

known.

make

to on

to

hole

WIRE

BARBED

satisfactory ways

most

shown

one

not

are

wound

habit.

WAY

One

piece

as

being the

upon

till you

water

it is

up.

writing

a

things

Get

Bore

wire

WHEELS

part of knowledge consists

of such

the

the

winding

sign

ON

REEL

crank in

a

157.

page

the

front

in this

similar

contrivance

a

Fasten

end

of

plank

and

unreel

to

a

a

stone set

the

to

short boat.

spool

FIELD

barbed

of

about

wire feet

5

bottom

end

Attach

hold

the

spool

the

the

made

an

in

the

to

of and

the

sit in the

assistant

let the

plank.

end

rear

pipe

gas

of

the and

wagon

of the

assistant rolls

hole

boat

stone

have

piece spool

a

through

in

top end

the

kinked the

the and

wagon

long

157

WOOD

Run

top.

on

rest

AND

off

pipe. If the wire becomes simply lets go of the pipe and

the

boat

without

breaking

the

wire.

t\.'""

WIRE

A A

flat

stone

but

purposes,

its

for 100 I

per

foot

or

page

the

It is made

be high. It may the ordinary drag

which

is very or

other

convenient root

By increasing

the

ON

drag are

increasing cent.

.

"

crops

-;vj'

BOAT

BOAT

STONE

uses

On

great capacity.

".",';"'"

REEL

BOXED boat

"

"

-,11

is convenient

limited

is

for

many it has no

because

158 is shown utility of of plank used

for

for

an

boat

stone

a

and

the

ment arrange-

has

sides

purpose

for

dition employed, and in adhauling apples, potatoes,

from

size of the

the

box,

field. manure

can

be

158 hauled

stables

from

out

wheelbarrows

without

incline.

It is low

an

can

easilybe

hauled

of

bags

If you

cylinder,stand

a

it

on

be

2-inch

up

and

seed,

get

and

end

ROLLER

heavy sheet iron place a length of i^

roller

ROAD

or

fertilizers

ROAD

road

wheel

or

DRAG

HOMEMADE

need

it from

this contrivance.

CAPACIOUS

A

reload

to

into

venient ground and very conlight, bulky articles, as

All

on

dumped

the

on

loading. heavy stones,

as

it is

as

having

for

well

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

a

ROLLER

pipe through the placed on planks which

The

center. are

well

end

soaked

should or

are

i6o

old

the

that

planks

boat

Regular

not

are

down

and

up

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

now

use.

SCRAPER

DITCHING

A

in

not

are

saws

obtain

to

easy

on ditching scraper every of steel, but be purchased made farm. They can able. is quite servicelittle and costs homemade one a Take two planks, each lo inches wide and hardwood. Bolt to them 3 feet long, of good 2-inch tom To the botsecurely a pair of old plow handles.

should

There

bolt make

each

end

of

to

use.

the

with

is also

very

crossing

The

can

built

be

lumber

thick, except

small

a

is 6

used for

A

as

the

BRIDGE

is a-

long and as deep a turning plow in two holes in useful in filling

STREAM

deep

or

shown

in

inches

wide

OF

near

mile

creek

floor

inch

scraper your and two men

SMALL

A

FOR

and

scraper

one-quarter

BRIDGE

bridge

this

will

project about an singletree hooks

board

plowed

It days' time. the highway.

For

two

lower

cut

be

this

which

blade

saw

Let

With

be

can

it could

as

crosscut

Attach

bottom.

ready ditch

old

an

a

sharp edge.

a

the

at

be

and

TRIANGLES

ditch

the

four

a

cheap

illustration.

and side

2

inches

braces.

THE

SAVE

barrel

Barrels, into described

many

in

this

and

hoops

things

useful book

BARRELS

your

barrel upon

ingenuity

staves a

will

From lead

worked

be

may

farm.

you

the to

few others.

""""i

Mm

AS

Modern of

old-time

of

the of

less

than

the

OF

harvesting

machinery

hand

on

ancient

relic

DAYS

IN

tools

they

when do

swings

still

type days

today.

has

big

the

men

YORE

worked

to

come

farms; through harder

but

take many

golden

the and

the a

place reaper

grain,

accomplished

a

FIELD

Saw

pieces

AND

i6i

WOOD

the

length required for each of the two sides, then bore bolt holes i^ inches from each end. Use four ^-inch bolts 8^ inches long where bolts where pieces come together and 6^-inch II

FRAMEWORK

OF

BRIDGE

three

The A-shaped supports pieces meet. bolted on pieces for the approaches are and

then

the

side

braces

put

are

on.

and at

The

the

once,

sides

of

entirely of triangles. The first bridge are made of pieces, a, b and The second c. triangle is made triangle of the pieces, b, d and e. The piers may; the

be

posts,

stone

or

FOR

DAM

A dam

small

concrete.

pond supplies water

held

EASILY

for

FARM

by

POND a

house,

BUILT

good-sized hydraulic barn

DAM

and

two

acres

1

62

of

FARM

HANDY

garden

fruit, also floods

and

needed.

when

A

is of 12-foot

of

section

covered

feet apart and apron

DEVICES

a

the

SOWING

seeding

device

the

show

that

can

the

sills

made

behind

the

cut.

be

construction

easily

of

made

The

wheel

a

home.

at

axle is

fitted

into

wheels

so

tightly the that

when

turns

wheels

or

seed

running

side

of

the

regulated or

small

BOX

SEED

at

and

out

of

other

helps the

holes

The

at

the

to

This

grain

seed

keep

lower

it the

do.

agitates the THE

to

with

tight in

piled

as

so

EVENLY

SEED

drawings

is

placed 6 tight. The

is

fitted

plank plank spiked to

bottom joints. The brush and are clay. Stones in plank coverings, as shown

These

dam

with

break

meadow

cranberry

and the back

be quantity of flow may pleasure by making the holes large increasing or diminishing the number

box.

of holes.

A

SOWING

MACHINE

FIELD

It may number

found

be

of holes

AND

desirable and

163

WOOD

then

to

have

considerable

a

for

having plugs,

nate alter-

be removed to perhaps, which may the seeding thicker. From 4 to 6 feet is suggested for the length of the box. Any old wheels do if they are too not heavy to be easily drawn ones,

make

will

hand.

by

BERRY

One the

of the

field

herewith.

It

old-fashioned

yoke

farms.

shows

used

so

a

be

may

use

commonly

on

for

the

the

old-

so

This the

yoke

used

farm.

on

farmer

Every ought to

have

one,

make

more

the

task

to

easy

of

rying car-

YOKE

things- In places yokes may cannot buy one, make strong, tough wood, neck

the what is

picture

purposes

for which

you of

novel

a

the

need

suggests

many

some

in

in

use

no

description be given.

a

illustrated

for

stood under-

that

also

is

appliances

The is

picture readily

CARRIER

convenient

most

strawberry

shown

time

CRATE

cut

you

and

shoulders

consider

around

about

the

CRATE

be

found

one

yourself. Take

shape and

it

for

out

inches

to

a

each

piece

fit around

Usually from

if

sale, but

ofif the

taper

right size. i^

CARRIER

ends a

to

groove

end

and

164

is

a

rope

a

hook

bail

of

handle or

right size to ordinary pail.

any

be

may

end

the other

At

the

is attached

iron

be

tied.

securely

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

formed

from

go

of the rope around the hook

The

may

strong, branched

a

stick.

Here

for

is

a

loading

rig simple in

corn

the

with useful

handy

is shown kind found

the

pulley attachment. for loading many RACK

A

of

construction

in

of

corn,

useful

the

The

field.

and

Such

a

things

hauling drawing. It

of

course,

in

moving

for

picture

well shows

USE

IN

rack

for

works

that

strong

hoisting rig will be

device found

farm.

a

on

FODDER

HAULING

FOR

rack

and

RIG

LOADING

the

DEVICE

LOADING

HANDY

fodder may

from be

sorghum,

brush.

Each

used and end

the

field

for any be may of

the

166

Place

end

lower

the

from notch a

of

few

will

seconds

In

loaded

be

once

the

clear

be

the

of the

axle

rear

Place

post. start

fences

moving

the

to

of the

plank,

the

post close

the

of the base

the

plank against the post plank will be about i"^ or

Incline

ground.

around

of chain

end

one

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

the

so

wagon,

the

to

the

so

the

2

feet

in the

post in

ground.

should

chain

chain

and

team

of the

hauled

and

the

to

attached

be

at

posts may location

new

of

the fence. ONE A

TO

V/AY

Connecticut

pulling peach

PULL

has

man

a

old

orchards,

" ^

FOR

TACKLE

pull 200 cut

are

more

a

off and

the

or

A

short

is attached

B, which

rope, to

the A

to

bottom

pair

of

?ind always

rope

the

a

stout

and

can

,j^0ii\\ifii

mi

as

with

of the

stump. the

stump,

limbs

The

means.

E, left

chain

through

runs

of

this

stumps,

top

for

STUMP-PULLING

day by or

device

handy

very

from

stumps

STUMPS

a

long as possible. single pulley The

anchor

pulley, is fastened A.

the to steady horses is attached the anchor stump. pull toward

rope

AYith

FIELD

a

steady pull

they

will

walk Use

wagon.

there

of

cost

is

about the

of

i-inch

which

rope,

total

a

MEASURE

LAND

land

much

measuring to do just stepping *'

than

accuracy

simple

The

feet

$4.15.

Having a

jumping or jerking,and if pulling a loaded as

pulley, $1.75, making

SIMPLE

greater

off

60

167

WOOD

no

right

$2.40, and

costs

AND

it

requires

off," make

this.

like

affair

that

of construction

manner

plain. Use or pieces; ^ inch is heavy

is made hardwood

I X ^ Have enough. points exactly 5

inches

head

in

off revolve takes

in

dle. han-

lightly

top

hand, holding side, whirl handle

6 a

the

on

the

Grasp

feet

Make

apart.

round

lower

THE

bring

to

direction

to

changing points lengths to the rod.

An

easy

way

to

throw

up

founding such

that

with

loam

face

to

the

it below

Continue

to

advancing.

It

reservoir

a

perhaps laying surface.

the

at

Should

spring

wall

a

the

first,

soil be

percolates through it,face the soil If this leaks, top and puddle.it well. rules clay and puddle the clay. These

w^ater

it with

on

apply to all dams Pipes entering bottom

ing mov-

WATER

make

bank,

a

in

front,

to

measured.

be

STORING

is

point

rear

measure,

three

MEASURE

the

at

and

the

made

of

stone

reservoirs

soil be

well

and

should

puddled

earth. enter

around

at

the

them

I68

HANDY

to

the

prevent Each

pipe. end A

flattened the

full

end

of the

from

of holes. and

over

beside

the

its supply

over

in its entire

be made

can

turned

or

strainer

a

air holes

no

good strainer pipe punched

lead

have

must

have

DEVICES

v^orking through

water

pipe

and

FARM

length. piece of large

a

One

the

end

other

be

may

drawn

on

pipe. Let nobody suppose that are simple, inexpensive arrangements faulty because primitive. If constructed correctly and in line with natural laws, they are not only all right, but are preferable to fancy, complicated devices that get out of order easily or in a year or over

two

and

into

working

require

water

condition

GETTING

mechanic

master

a

SUPPLY

PLAN

for

supply of

OF

the

small

a

log

a

beneath.

the

near

bolster

the

to

and

log

top

the

on

The

the

with

a

Figure

chain.

A

down

on

comes

is

drawn

now

woodhouse

6-inch

crosscut

The

2. on

the

ground

under

them,

on

chain

can

Then

a

lows fol-

as

be

passed logging bob

and

both

the and

hitched

the team

quick pull of

side

the

team

with

runners,

the

top of the bolster.

log

near

trees

sapling

of the bob

runner

bob

year's

(Figure i) is tipped up on its is hooked the log; a chain to ground, passed under the log

of the

end

the

drawn

the

near

the

over

of

end

FUEL

getting up the fuel is suggested

Fell

:

so

them

put

again.

A

with

to

a

limbs

and saw

to

sawed on

into

the

to

the

stove

skidway

trimmed

are

pair of bobs

sheltered

some

in

shop,

place lengths

shown

the where

in

woods, there

FIELD

IS

a

power

boiler

and

sawed

at

are

FIGURE

hour

with

made

of saw

two

I

buzz

a

large

limbs

limbs,

limb The very

where

the

A

on.

FIGURE

bored

the

A

limbs

2

"

of

rate

i^

power

cords

an

BOB

handy shown

as

2-inch

device in auger

can

Figure hole

be 3, is

SKIDWAY

branch,

tightly into the following described handy to hold and lower driven

two-horse

and

LOGGING

"

saw.

crotched

169

WOOD

three-horse

engine,

to

AND

and

a

hardwood

hole. device the

(Figure 4) is tree after sawing

170

HANDY

the stump

h, log;

off.

the

[a,planks

made

i^

and

top and

of

for the lever

to

3 work

"

white

large end,

with

;

lever; /, iron

planks about bolted together

thick 2-inch

a

in them

space

between

SAWHORSE

One-inch

in.

holes

planks, in to

has

LOG

which

over.

pry

link

4

bored

ee,

hardwood

HANDY

chain

FIGURE

limb;

with

ash, and a

holes

inches

through the sides of both are placed for the lever of

with

tvc^o

bottom,

FIGURE

made

DEVICES

chain; d, crotched

c,

pins.] It is inches 8x5 at

FARM

two

notches

attached

JACK

The

bored

are

iron

pins

lever near

midway

is the be-

FIELD

notches.

tween

A

AND

stout

I7I

WOOD

chain

is

hooked

in

the

attached to a log, and crotched limb leaning slightlyagainst the opposite side of the log. By working the small end of the and lever down and moving the pins up one up hole at a time, a good-sized tree can be raised from the ground high enough to be sawed out easily with-

link, passed

under

the

OF

ALL

backache.

a

SIMPLEST

The

great trouble of the

weight

CAMPING

with

frame, but

camping-out the weight of

'/miifaiMitnuiiaur/iuiuumitMMMWMrmmMt

TENTS

tents

the

is the

latter in

A-^

(^QiumtujiL THnnnniL

^'^

DETAILS

the prove are

case a

of

the

burden

used, such

tent to as

OF

figured

anyone, are

TENT

shown

as

hardly light sticks only two These in Figure i.

herewith

will

the

to

and a

size

fastened

is shown,

joint as

a

the

into

pressed

are

FARM

HANDY

1/2

ground

8

of

the

tent,

at

the

upper

or

feet apart,

lo

and

cording ac-

brought

ends

gether to-

such

with

string passing through is pole, if a simpler method with

or

each

in

screw-eye

DEVICES

a

preferred. The

cloth, cut

up

in

suggested

as

the

together

2.

hemmed,

of

One to

of

these

afford

an

is trance en-

The

triangular pieces are sewed of the opposite edges and at two

tent.

the

at

triangular pieces

Figure

and

center

the

to

four

from

is made

tent

I

THE

corners corners

of

the

stout

SET

UP

cord

stout

cloth, the

in the

suggested Two

of

pieces

TENT

are

cloth

sewed

being

into

reinforced

pegs

of

wood

and

two

lighter

To provided. pitch the tent, put up the frame and draw the tent cloth poles A-fashion and them, opposite seams corners fittingover

driven

Draw ropes

into

the

out

to

the

as

cut.

are

poles. by the

the

the

other

stout

ground.

two

pegs

The

two

corners

which

and have

lighter pegs

ones

two over

the tie been are

AND

GATG^P

KEEPING

GATE

A

FROM

SAGGING

HE

farm gate is heavy, and average it sags. When after a little time this

they get to

man

is

a

it takes

way

shut

and

open

remedy.

Get

a

old an big or little,from machinery, and bolt it to end be

of

the

held

your

gate

Now

level.

OLD

the

in

gate

for

PLOW

you.

patience,

your

such

a

the

DOES

it, for

back

and 174

the

gate can

of

front will open

TRICK

THE

it is the

either

piece

the

child

smallest

WHEEL

Try

that

way

Here

one.

wheel,

a

strong

a

saver-

gate.

-saves

GATES

AN

Take

drawing to piece of board

The

the

closed.

or

open

heaviest

farmer

A

has

j

I

"nj"

drops between

c

the

either

gate

the

easily operate

attachment.

SAGS

NEVER

this

gate for many

and

years

feet

repairing it. Countersink pieces and pin them together. two set pieces 2 2x4 up higher than the gate so it can

be

raised

two I

often.

five minutes

spent

never

shown

as

WHEEL

can

THAT

used

by

it

opened

are

holds

and

this

GATE

A

A

child

A

with

gate

FOR

wheel

fasten

that

gates

USE

of the

spokes

GATE

indicated

GOOD

the

175

and

wheel

buggy

in the

DOORS

OPENED

EASILY

old

an

AND

I

Then

in

Mortise

winter.

CROSSPIECE

and

pieces, which fasten 16

feet

feet 2

X

with

a

cap

are

to

12

the

set

inches

in

between

apart, the

top of the

frame.

long, 12 feet being for the for the weights to balance it. the 4-foot end with Cover 4s. balance to stones enough

the

cross-

board,

a, and

The

gate is and

gateway The

boards it

4 is of

frame

when

and

fill

hung.

176

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

BALANCED

Cover chain. frame

the Put into

WIRE

with

gate a

the

the

through crosspiece,a.

THAT

A A

fencing

bolt

GATE

CHEAP

"""..

GATE

WIRE

wire

''ly/,'

'.W''

^"'''///',/",,.,n,,.,

SPEAKS

and

lower

FOR

by

hang

a

part of the

ITSELF

GATE

be light,useful and durable gate can sassafras wire, as shown poles and barbed

made

of

in

the

GATES

Set

cut.

middle

of the

nailed

securely

WIRE

AND

of

rail is made

lower

177

together

in the

gate

it.

on

GATE

sassafras

forked

two so

ground the

balance

and

gateway

POLE

The

DOORS

post 4 feet in the

strong

a

AND

as

around

work

to

poles the

post. SIMPLE

A

Many

like such

Material

to

for which

the

12

or

14

GATE

GATE

that

as

shown

it

out

feet

SIMPLE

For

paddock

a

seasoned

of

long.

AND

The

in the the

depends largely on

gate is made.

gate, make

inches,

gate

a

used

be

FARM

boards

posts

STRONG

cut.

purpose or

pasture 1x6

supporting

178 the

gate

5 inches

about

are

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

apart, the ahead

8 inches being about are joined together by

inside

They

support

swing

cleats

the gate and allow it If rollers are open.

be

used

for

hog

a

pasture,

other.

rollers

which and

back

need

They

If the

the

the

pushed

good.

made

the

on

obtainable, cleats

not

hard wood of any are inches. than heavier 1x4

of or

be

to

one

gate is

cleats

lower

not

b"e

to

both

on

the lower be placed just above of posts should board to liftingit up. prevent the hogs from sets

The very

REGULATED

EASILY

AN

hanger

gate

handy

for

use

GATE

illustrated

the

in

drawing is to let hogs

it is desired

where

from

pass

another

while

confined

piece

of

the

gate

let the

to

hogs through and it to keep them This

course.

in

winter.

Of

snow.

be

the

the

of

a

raising

the

Many use

also

snow

would the

justable ad-

HANGER

ADJUSTABLE to

this

in, of

for

above

gate

lower

is

device

the

find

in

inserted

varying heights.

at

good

ported sup-

These

pegs.

be

a

bent

post and

by

Raise

is

iron

strap

may

As

hanger

the

pegs holes

are

one.

the

around

cows

to

shown,

to

pasture

one

gates course

least

play

made

to

raise

it is desirable as

possible

hanger only one that

there

while

the

able preferend

for

should

hanger

slides be

taken

would

to

freely,and special care post firmly. Otherwise

down

and

up

the

set

179

DOORS

AND

GATES

should the gate

sag.

GATE

In

SNOWDRIFTS

OVERCOME

TO

be a can picture is shown gate which snowdrifts. It is readily adjusted to swing over A 6-inch from I x ordinary lumber. easily made for the upright is used for the lower boards, 1x4 The ones. uprights at the hinge post are upper double one piece outside and the other inside 1x4, the

^^

^

P

^ :2^

^"^"1%;

"'

the

The

bars.

in the to

these

at

each

are

the

or

way.

end.

The the

used,

lowest

board

the

post to brace, 1x3

with at

near

the the

the

right.

when

is

of

each

notched

from

the

the tened fasbars bar as

top

the

hinge post. They strong enough.

bottom

bottom

for

one

used

brace

stufif is

notches

be

slightly lighter,and of nailing the Instead are

double

side may

latch

the

at

uprights, bolts

joined

shown

stuff

latch

the

For

same

and

shown, of

of

weight

same

upright

OPEN

AND

SHUT

GATE

-"-*"u3g5$r."fc^

gages enbolt, which the gate is raised, as

with

a

i8o

HANDY

TIME

A

To within uses

close

and

open

the

bounds up

a

FARM

should

Every gate

be

SAVER

gates that

year

great deal

DEVICES

of so

round

without

of its

weight

own

hitch

bother.

or

is

time, and made

TURNSTILE

place

stock one

kept

thing

which

no

r,eturn.

makes

that

be

may

it will fall into

GATE

and

and

stay closed

The

cut

illustrates

open a

venient con-

thing that should be in larger use on farms. It is always open and always closed against stock. Put up and well painted, it will last for many years.

He last

who at

the

keeps table

company and the

with

great

first at any

toil

men or

is the

danger.

l82

HANDY

the round

lowing

stand

to

part the

admit

to

posts

DEVICES

FARM

bar

far

out

enough from

poles easily.

V,r,y.'if""^

BAR

HORSESHOE

WITH

DURABLE

This

is

cable

strong

it becomes

Set

easy

which

on

have

to

-Get

stream.

piece

a

from

of wire

(barbed

much

a

cross

stream

a

:

3 feet deep in the of the the banks

about

feet

makes

wire

smooth

6

about

and

good,

a

gate, when

water

a

fence

a

make

to

way

hang

to

good, large posts

ground but

and

necessary

two

FENCE

FLOATING

cheap

a

CATCH

better

wire

will

do,

looking job),

the other post around long enough to go from one six times, being careful to back and again about fasten each end securely at the proper height from about the ground. Then get a strong piece of wood the inches and about as near 1x3 4 feet long, stand middle

of the and

wires. twisted

On

the

place

Turn

stick

stick

two may

or

three be

careful

the

the

wires

wires

as

two

to twist

not

sible, pos-

sets are

too

of well

much.

will

only

the gate is in the same

hung, place

After

inserted

posts

the

stick, the

times.

again

two

between

un.til all

around

withdrawing

the

between

together,being

untwist the

space

GATES

to

take

by the weight of the gate.

Then

several

and

caused

twists

more

given

has

been

cable

the

found

to

cable

expensive

construct

stream,

set

If

a

a

a

happens

tree

be

to

the

posts,

leaving enough will

making get through.

to

weight.

It

fastened

in

wires

A

of

just

well.

toward

small

or

well.

brace

the for

desired

smooth

wire.

of

bed

the

of any

stock

makes

to

SHEEP

as

an

right place, so wire securely on a weight in the

so

up

This

the

impossible large stone

position with

TEMPORARY

im-

purposes

and

fasten

be blocked

can

at

slack

it

be

more.

creek

a

bank

near

Then

the

draw

thus

stream, size

better.

one

STREAM

across

each

on

lasts

A

fence

much

middle

and

looks

post

fasten

any

all the

ACROSS

FENCE To

untwist

to

answer

and

sag

GATE

SUSPENDED

possible for

the

up

it will

top of gate and

stick to the

of the

end

183

DOORS

AND

a

good

height and

FENCE

portable fences for use in soiling in panels with supports, as shown on sheep is made feet long, made of 4-inch Panels 10 next are page. board solidly nailed together. After this fence is it. A once put up, sheep are not likelyto overturn most flocks. fence 33^ feet high will turn One

of the

best

i84

HANDY

FARM

FENCE

MOVABLE

FASTENING

There these

r*

o

o

O

"

O

o

[

O

o

O

e

o

3

O

o

heavy

DOORS in

the

doors.

I

ifl

o

o

9

PARTS

W'..y.'

^

o

o

o

o

o

o

for

locks

o

AND

HEAVY

is little difference

two

DEVICES

o

o

a

TWO

BIG

DOOR

LOCKS

effectiveness The

of

left-hand

GATES

device

is

has

both

bars

pivoted

fastening cutting a the

of

lower

the

the

door it

the

to

the up

left is

ends

doors. the

of

both

moves

the

from

that

so

arms,

below

worked

other

handle, which

handle

and

through

arm

at

d.

Then

or

latch

in the is

cut.

the

The

inside

and

setting

can

be

a

by pin

moved

in

is worked

that

incloses armi

upper

firm

BARN

and

raising

the

middle

be

can

pulled

whether

snug

is put

first.

LATCH

DOORS double

will hold

This

closed

notch

by

the

open.

THE

HOLD

the

stay

arms

is shut

door

that

so

Both

down.

that

lever

also

lock

between

right-hand fastening

staple

A

the

the

slot.

The the

slot

handy;

lever

be

may

and

pivoted to a door midway

of slots above

out

one

quick

The

Moving

arms.

arms

in

the

to

185

DOORS

substantial.

and

neat

very

the

extremely

AND

FOR

It

on

is

DOUBLE

SHUT shut

doors

the

inside

made

DOORS

of

is shown

of the hardwood

door 4

i86

HANDY

inches

wide the

turn

i

inch

to

the

and

piece, a,

the

latch, c?,as

the

lower

This

middle.

Open your ready for a

doors foul

Prosperity is the

trust

to

To

right and to

shown

a

on

the

door

a

bolt

c,

and

the

in the

fine

by

latch, the

to

cut

make

but

day,

right.

yourself

the

thing

in the

world

ought

we

to

least

handy

It consists

THE

stall door

of

a

DOOR

STABLE

fastener

piece of oak

is shown

in

and

of

width

door

the

inch

by

bolt

the

out

and

the

door

each

a

on

to

hold

in

place.

handy

fastener

that

worked

from

shown

to

jamb

Another

FASTENER

sawed

fastened

the fastener

LONG

button.

are

side

of

it

and

like

Cleats, h,

%-

a

through

middle

"works

I

the

It is fastened

door.

side

2

than

longer

the

to

by y^

thick

inches

I.

wooci

wide

inches

inch

Figure

hard

other

or

4

FIGURE

door,

pull down the

raise

will

the

open

one.

FASTENING A

thick.

is fastened

crosspiece which in

DEVICES

FARM

the in

can

be

either door

Figure

is 2.

GATES

are

on

Another slides

the

pin, c, go the through and through door

to

shut

it from

bolt the or

open

the side.

bolt

spring,

which

SPRING

a

hickory, tough

other

or

B

can

from

made of

a

the

by

piece

kept

is

shut

be

s

e

opposite The

tled whit-

hardwood, down

i IH^

the

to

J3.

thickness.

proper

The

ture fea-

spring is

2

FIGURE

It

and

also

nicely

a

from

Sell

"

it is, of this

one

excellent

good point that the the opposite side of the

cheap

FASTENER

SPRING

a

important is

b

chief

the

advantage, very

casings.

A

shut.

door

or

holds

and

these

which

of

three

upright pieces, a, two the door jamb the door and one on piece, b, through

There are

187

DOORS

AND

and

you

will

sell

as

fastener, works

fastener door.

much

four

as

others.

They

m-ust

hunger

in frost

that will

not

work

in

heat. 'Tis

easier

one.

to

build

two

chimneys

than

to

tain main-

FARM

HANDY

good

LATCH

DOOR

HOMEMADE

consists

of

hardwood,

as

This

DEVICES

three

of

pieces

the

in

shown

oak

the

For

drawing.

handle

piece Shape

a

use

inches.

8x2x1 flattish

a

other

or

knob

on

one

3 inches long. Work down the rest to so as

end

pass

through hole.

auger

knob

by 5

piece

I

X

inches. from

X

Bore the

door.

in

%-inch the

parts

is 8

handle

of 2

x

x

a

^

3 inches

then

handle

hole

for

a

the

assemble

according

which

shows

may

be

to

figure, the

back.

keep the falling down

A used

latch when

latch little to

from the

ing By takLATCH pains to shape and finish this latch nicely it will look please the artistic eye of the most door

is made

ness thick-

the

finished

peg

the

sides.

and

door;

the

thrown

for

catch

the

the

hole

Now

hole

The

end

other

flattening latch

a

handle

the

of the

latch.

of

it the

on

bore

i-inch

edge the

through

The

inches. ^4, inches. a

Push

mark

LATCH

OF

DETAILS

Shape

the

on

i-inch

a

is open.

IN

well

PLACE

enough

fastidious.

to

HANDY

190 All

for

for

mortar

mixed, and the

of

of

plastering that

mortar

be

to

The

interior

loose

does

the are

not

in

The outside

of the

lime,

wood

finish

is

removed

should

from

usually painted position.

accompanying home

a

the

should

interior built

AN

picture

be

plete com-

past

ATTRACTIVE

begun

out, and

all

building. All primed as soon

HOUSE and

arrangements the

be

not

dried

CONVENIENT

VERY

and

and

properties. Thin better than heavy ones. crack in setting or drying

plastering is completely

mortar

A

(at least

properly a week)

caustic

woodwork as

be

good.

sure

until the

should

sufficient time

thorough slacking

coats

is

DEVICES

plastering

allowed

permeation A

FARM

year

the

plans show of

by

a

venient con-

very one

of

our

HOME

It is 34 feet wide agriculturaleditors. deep, with a 7-foot cellar underneath.

by 30^^ The

feet

house

WHEN

contains

10

the

rooms

in addition of

are

good

size

make large windows, which and supply plenty of good

PLAN

Economy work, location

house

of

OF

the

of this

in

mind

stairs

sort, but

191 in the

two

those

to

and

have

them

sides attic, be-

shown. two

or

light and

All more

sunny

air.

FIRST

of construction,

kept

was

BUILD

including

rooms,

storeroom

a

WE

FLOOR

as

in

well the

is somewhat is such

that

doing the planning. The as

of

unusual

only

one

in

a

light

HANDY

1 02

is necessary plenty of are

first to

from

large

closets

second

on

floor. second

the

greatly appreciated. The porch is not roofed except

PLAN

an

DEVICES

FARM

awning,

it cool

and to

OF

SECOND

which

is taken

shady

in

reach

the

floor, which the

over

are

door, but

FLOOR

in the

down and

summer,

living

There

first story is 9 feet from floor 8 feet and the third 7 feet 6

allows in

room

to

fall,makes the

winter.

shine sun-

The

ceiling,the second

inches.

The

house

TO If You

can

take

care

your

KEEP

THE

it

yourself.

the

COSTS If

you

can't

isn't

jack

wagon

do of

WHEELS

afford

a

Have

easily,

wagons

LITTLE

an

GOING

good

AND

use

SAVES

expensive like

one,

right

the and

spraying this.

AROUND make kind them

a

good

of things often.

one.

to

MUCH

outfit,

rig

one

up

A

HANDY

QUICK Hundreds

automobiles, roads

caused

of

OF

DEVICE

FROM

DELIVERY

farmers

although fear only

are

their and

today first anger.

THE

THE

making appearance

ORIENT

FARMS

profitable upon

use

of

country-

WE

WHEN

is

piped

with

with

and

gas

the

FIRST

best

BUILD

FLOOR

for

wired

quality

COTTAGE

193

of

electricity,provided sanitary plumbing

PLAN

heated

and can

be

FARM

HANDY

194

a

If

be

built

to

finish

model

with

air furnace.

hot

for about and

DEVICES

$4,000, more

A

similar or

locality. Occupancy

house

ing less, accordproves

it to

of convenience.

bigger kitchen is desired, it can farther. would hy going back Many a

ROOF

ROOF

3EC0ND

FLOOR

COTTAGE

PLAN

be

obtained

prefer

a

ig6

HANDY

holes

two

from

the

from

inches

2

the

FARM

of

ends

farmer

of the others

the

blocks, and

end

bolts

on

it

bolted

and

were

blocks

cement

inches, laid the other one

the edges and of them

two

made

DEVICES

board

3 or 4 inches bored. Then

the

for

ends

9x8

the

ground, placed each side of it edgewise, put in through the holes put long it was tight together. Then on

These boards were ready to fill with concrete. make the caps needed sills. to or long as were shovel, plasterer's trowel, and sprinkler, sand wire

sieve

of

"^-inch mesh

FIRST

The

sand

machine

made end of

and

a

up

pile of

the and

one

sand of

at

both

machine side.

one

cement

were

The

hauling.

spring.

with

block

a

PLANS

except

a

near

bed

wagon

boards, the

of

sand

and

set

FLOOR

nothing

A

obtained.

were

SECOND

cost

was

like

AND

as

A

box

ends

thing some-

out

placed Three

was

in

one

shovels

placed in a boy took

tub

the a thoroughly. Then another mixed, sprinkler and sprinkled it while until it was dampened evenly all through. Then they spread 35 shovels of sand in the mixing box and a

mixed

shook

one

five-to-one

sack mixture.

of

cement

This

over was

it, which

thoroughly

made mixed

WHEN

by shoveling

and

damp, but

wet.

A

not

pallet

machine

The

was

placed

mold while and

core,

filled with

of

the

smoothed then

was

In

three

sprinkle.

four

or

When

hours

30

old

inch

it, put

stone

it

on

were were

the

in

The

machine

the

out,

they

ture, mix-

trowel.

a

of

thick..

five-to-one

blocks

the

hours

the

mixture

i

top with

carefully lifted opened, and the pallet with the level piece of ground. on a core

machine,

richer

the

and

blocks.

ten

boys tamped

off the

good

was

about

face

the

on

one

of the

some

then

was

I97"

sprinkling until it This quantity made the open placed on

closed, and

concrete

BUILD

WE

placed

ready placed

to on

the

After stone. pallets used for more time standing for two they days, during which were damp, they sprinkled frequently to keep them left in the creek, where were dumped they were until ready for use. made The foundations were of 6 inches about by first putting into a trench end

and

broken The

high, the

rock, then

house

shown

is 26

house with

inches

4

gables and

feet

north

of

concrete.

square,

and

arrangement

the

south. of

the

walls

12

feet

The

picture

two

floors

used

of

are

pounds of cement, 60c per 100, or $74.40- Doors which cost ney, and windows were brought at a cost of $33.75. Chimfor floors, roof, partitions plastering and lumber and finishing,all of the best, cost $240. The hardware was $30, making the total cost of house machine or labor, all $378.15, not counting cement of which done was by the family.

Art of

in the

illustrations.

imitates

invention. Consider

"

the

nature, Richard

and

end.

Chilo.

"

We

necessity

Franck.

12,400

is the

mother

198

There

is

sides

round

barn last

round,

the

and

building

12

feet

as

when

built

hay

is

is

metal

with

two

finish

barn,

is as

a

round

barn,

illustrated

shown.

as

nearly

round,

the

The

has

floor

same

as

little smaller.

loft

is very the walls

CROSS-SECTION

with

here

barn

The

first floor

the

of

space

the

well

as

building

long, making a barn 94 feet The sills,plates and roof in a strictly will are expensive, and the work very

nearly

in diameter.

not

in

economy

no

BARN

ROUND

is,strictlyround.

that

DEVICES

PRACTICAL

A

26

FARM

HANDY

should

be

if If

lathed

BARN

OF

rough boxing, and plastered of portland cement. coats In fact, this to be shaped preferred in building any it requires no paint and practically no lath, over

repairs. The

floor

plan

It has

of

the

stalls for

barn 40

shown milch

is

atory. self-explan-

cows,

three

bull

hospital stalls,pen for baby beef that will of calves, stalls for about 2"^ cars box seven stalls, and the horses, including the two and silo is 16 x 34 feet, silo. The feeding room will hold of silage, and about tons requires 140 pens, two accommodate

about

ten

acres

of average

corn

to

fill.

WHEN

The

hay deducting hold

300

166,500

loft has the

and

silo of

tons

for

feet of space, ground feed

The

hay.

and will

feed

ground

is

the feed room, hopper-shaped bins above drawn down through small spouts as wanted. with hay forks, and to locate hay is handled

and The

FLOOR

FIRST

the

trolleys

are

left in the

as

two

also

in

silo, the

PLAN

as

loft floor, and A

the

possible,trap

the

hay hoisted

be trolley may Several large hay

circle

straight ones.

built

roof

the

near

driveways.

the

The

cubic

bins

loose

199

in

stored

or

BUILD

WE

outside

floors

of

walls the

above cow

the

doors from

installed, doors

are

loft floor.

stalls, including

HANDY

20O

the

and

gutters

around

floor

with

first floor

direction, etc., barn, as

space

feet

in the

never

drafts

any

for

built

shown,

less

the

covered

has

36 feet wide and 180 better is always much ing of caring for and feed-

has

is much

are

be

may

As

stronger.

foundation, the roof is roofing felt, and the walls

stone

a

asbestos

with

less labor, there

with

and

money,

barn

floor

same

stock, the building

the

on

the

about

have

accomplished

be

may

changed in in the opposite ranged equipment ar-

other

barn, the work

round

ment arrange-

be

faced

ventilation

The

long.

feed

the

or

stock.

would

barn

a

it is intended

interior

course,

and

shown,

as

barn,

The

cows

stalls

or

different

for

The

the

driveway

carriers, it is also

entire

of

may,

and

ways,

the

8~foot

and, while

feed

if desired.

cart

a

of several

of cement,

around

drive

to

the

also

litter and

install

to

DEVICES

mangers,

silo,are

the

intended

FARM

drop siding. Everything is of the best, and all exposed woodwork painted two out about cost This coats. $4700 withbuilding would covered

the

the

erected

joists2

All

posts

less than

for of

may,

is

labor

be

course,

X

BARN has

23 and

tall; studding

select

braces

poplar, beech and poplar. Cornice are

and

two

the

9 and

ash. and

inches; shed 2

x

6-inch

pine. The

base,

thicknesses, front back

dressed

oak, 6

of

frame

a

feet

poplar, oak

ID-inch

doors

cypress

barn

Center

is of is

barn

the

WELL-ARRANGED

Kentucky

inches. 16 feet

secured

be

can

home

for less.

A This

lumber

thousand,

per

Where

stanchions.

cow

used, and

$30

6-inch

with

white

6

posts

poplar;

The

ing sheet-

bevel

siding pine.

white is

x

dressed

pine.

The

WE

WHEN

lower

windows

ones

inside

inches from

the

from

floor

Number

i,

center.

plan shows

the 18

icehouse,

lumber

to

GROUND

room

PLAN

16 feet,

X

Avheat

and

down

into

into

sacks.

the

OF

corn

are

up

crib, from 5, 5,

the

with

; 4,

grain chutes

which are

:

corn

BARN

have

bins

follows

feet; 3, stairs,

KENTUCKY

which

Numbers

walled

18

x

as

carriage room

A

These

deep,

16

over

over

oats.

arrangement

feet

carriage house,

2,

crib, 8

The

lightsand upper set 20 joists are The loft is 8^ feet 12

floors.

The

leading

to

201

12-inch,

x

building.

center

lower

stone;

lo

are

BUILD

bins

running

grain

is filled

stalls, 8

box

for

x

12

feet; 6, driveway, 12 x 38 feet; 7, 7, 7, 7, box stalls, 6x8 feet; 9, feed 6^ X 12 feet; 8, harness room, 6x8 feet, with spouts running from mixing room,

cutting running

box from

and

bran

driveway

bins to

overhead feed

;

alleyway 11, 11, hay

10,

alley; 11,

HANDY

202

FARM

DEVICES

chutes, with any

the bottom, 1x2 openings near the feed boxes openings are directlyover are hay that falls while horses feeding

into

the

feed

boxes,

These

and

boxes

is wasted.

none

feet. and goes

Number

12,

feet; 13, feeding alley,4

1x2x2

38

x

feet. Overhead where

the

14,

cows;

fall of

from

drain

basin, which deep at A, where

the foot

6x6

concrete, into doors The

is of

roof made

gutters

opening

10

unloader

The

barn

cost

made

of

of

other

roof.

the

An

driveway taken by up

feed

track

about

Yankee

of the

center

a

on

with

seams,

edge

and

runs

of

i

18, windows.

lower

hay

cost

15,

wideband

basin

a

on

feet

2

feet in the

that

to

into

tin, standing

for

will

and

the

10

loft is allowed

runs

open;

on x

it

boxes

Number

to

inches

2

are

floor,with

concrete

foot

i

of

out

stanchion is

Cows

deep; 16, driveway siding 17, openings in which

feet

carriage room; hang when

has

are

feet.

fed

hay loft kept for

the

hay

38

x

and

shed

cow

inches

2

and

cowpeas

stanchions The

from

opening

an

shed, 8

cow

with

alley floor.

an

is

alfalfa,clover,

fastened

a

X

at

of

in comb

$1500 more building material

cording less, ac-

or

"

roof.

where

it

is

of

a

at

a

erected. A

This small

barn farm.

cost

not

own

timber, are

with feet for

a

to

36 curb

high, hay.

SMALL

HANDY

is

arranged

It

can

exceed at x

even

which

built

be

$500, less

48 feet, roof.

to

and

BARN

the

meet

in

and

cost.

localities

most

if

a

The

needs

farmer outside

it is 16 feet to

The

stables

allows

plenty

should of

has

loft

sions dimen-

the be

room

his

eaves,

about above

8

HANDY

204 will

corn

should K

at

convenience

a

VIEW

THE

In

DEVICES

dry out quickly. A provided at L.

be is

FARM

w^hich

OF

Chutes

from

ladder should

COMPLETED

to

the

not

be

this

bin

hay

loft

omitted.

BARN

ICEHOUSE

FARMER^S

when icehouse, and properly constructed the ice is properly packed and cared for, no waste the inside of the pile of ice. take place from should The and the sides, bottom melting from top is caused The from waste by insufficient insulation. the bottom The is generally the greatest. amount of

a

ice melted

from the

I

to

feet

construction

provided at

6

in the

with

an

least i8 inches

rarely

exceeds

12

other

hand, if the

bare

ground

any

bottom

of the

during

the

of

floor.

the

year,

If

icehouse

depending the

provision made

any

for

insulation

drainage,

the

upon

icehouse

airtightfloor,with the ice of dry sawdust, the bottom inches during the year; ice is piled in the icehouse

without

varies

under

is

laid

on

waste

the

on on

the

it,

meltage

or

fre-

WHEN

is 6 feet.

quently

great, but

so

depending

it

WE

The

side

frequently the

upon

location and

205

and

top meltage is from

ranges

feet,

3

should

delivered

Building

and

where

be with

the

the

least

it is very important be located in the coolest

however, should

to

i

not

insulation.

Location

The

BUILD

ice

moved re-

of labor

amount

that

be

can

the

;

icehouse

place, in as dry a place as possible, and always above ground. The lowest layer of ice should always be at least 6 inches above the outside level of ground. The size of the building must be determined by the amount of ice used For stance, induring the year. which a are dairy farm upon kept, 35 cows and 16

from

16 and

X

and

which

skim

the

14 feet

milk

is of sufficient for the the a an

summer

who

man

icehouse

size ;

size.

In

about

keeps

be

to

14 both

14

x

and

cases

feet

12

make

we

14

in

12

and

14

x

is

and

surface

volume,

and, therefore,

too

proportion to the amount The building should cube as possible,for the of volume other

with

than

practicalto

during For

be

icehouse

an

high, because with great, compared

the

tKe

ice is wasted

much

too

milk,

is of sufficient

feet

10

in

used. be

as

cube

as

the

near

contains

least

the

circular

build

high

should

case

no 12

x

feet

12

high

ance allow-

sells the

and

cows

sold from

calves, immediately

20

outside

exposed

is

cream

of 25 pounds of ice per day months for household purposes.

than

amount

icehouse

an

use

however,

smaller

icehouse

an

If the

the

to

sold, needs

is

high.

fed

separator,

milk

the

as

the

It we

of

a

greatest

of surface

amount

forms.

high

shape

is not

build

ways al-

square,

2o6

owing

to

of

^iven If

the

FARM

amount

of

the

is

icehouse where

and

necessary

to

inches, where drain

and

the

to

of in this

a

the

OF

space

icehouse

drain stone.

the

built

ience inconven-

size

pit,and

you

natural, it is

ICEHOUSE

to

depth

a

is

a

be

to

of

6-inch

wish

fill around

to

12

sand

foundation build

the

18

to

located, lay

fill it with

this, and Put

is

sandy

a

upon

rapid drainage

cut

finely crushed concrete

labor

not

CROSS-SECT,ION

tile

DEVICES

storing the ice; therefore, the dimensions practical. really the most

are

surface

HANDY

your

outside.

a

or

of house ice-

The

framework

the

on

Icehouse

the

Framing

is made

by laying ; fasten

foundation

concrete

20j

BUILD

WE

WHEN

2

4-inch sill

x

this

dation foun-

the

to

by cementing a few bolts into the concrete and allowing them to extend through the sill; 2 x 4 the sill, 16 inches studding are then placed upon from

apart roof

are

distance

center

likewise

made

apart

the

as

rafters

The

center.

to

for

the

4's,placed the same studding, but the purlin plate of

2

x

studding should be at least 6 inches wide. either boarded The outside of studding may be which with common sheeting and paper, upon poplar siding is nailed, or with patent siding or ship-lap siding,the latter being the cheapest and of board. requiring only a single thickness the

upon

The half

roof

one-third

to

shingles, either used be

for

the

air

warm

be

from

the the

Before

ice

from

door to

be

should

rather width

be

than

attached

sometimes

and

30

side is

allow

top the

should

to

the

of

for

the

the

ice.

should

removal A

tilator ven-

gable end, be

in

cut

This

in.

flue

or

be

one

door

may

end

to

extend

within

5 feet of the bottom. 18 inches ice place from to

The the floor. dry peat upon harvested in regular shape, oblong, or

and

square,

Ice

The

than

to

in

put

gable down putting in

feet of sawdust

ice

insulators

better

the

placed

continuous

allow

with

are

roof

the

one-

preferably covered

metal.

or

upon

may

2

pitch, and

less than

not

Paper may good advantage. A cupola

to

A

with

made

be

shingles

slate

built

of

should

inches and

in

Milk

elevation

presented

18

inches

in

length. Houses

of

than

less

not

an

in the

Combined

icehouse

with

drawing.

milkhouse

It shows

the

208

HANDY

FARM

DEVICES

advantage of utilizingthe for cooling the milk. No from

the

the

weather

keeps

icehouse. is

ice needs

the

icehouse

be

to

removed

It operates the ice melts

warm

in the tank

water

from

water

at

the

automatically. If more rapidly and required temperature.

'i$$wm^"' A

GOOD

COLD

SMALL The

farmer

have

home

use

glass

GREENHOUSES

who

structures

cold

or

but

past,

nearly

to

frame

the

make

hasten have

cost

of

as

the

much

as

would

his

of tables vegegardener who

crops

profitable,or the small an early supply of early vegetables market kind must or employ some

most

would

COMBINATION

been

much

materials the

in

needed

labor

of

frames

or

that

of

small

greenhouse.

In

with

comfort

matter

work

may

weather skill

the

to

may run

be

outside.

hotbeds

is often

no

It

much the

requires successfully.

of

bed hotthe

in

use

and

cold

hotbeds

The

crops.

sash, shutters

while

structure,

these

for

is

mats

for

a

manent per-

caring more

latter what much

for

than one

the more

WHEN

Small side may

but west a

be

may

large

the

to

or

heat

from

heat

will

measure

of

fall and

cheap and setting chestnut sides

of

with

will

material. 4.

cellar

in

in the

mild

FOR

the

in

posts

a

Cement,

cypress

then

upon is

may

nesses thick-

two

and

ering cov-

sheathing

a^ ^'^kPR|^'*||

stone

brick

or

the more

now

be

Sills should Plates

by

ground,

will

durability of glass

The much

made

GREENHOUSES

SMALL

end.

be

may

FiG-a.

depend

Clear

Figure

house

lining boards, building paper

outside, Figure 3. in the

open

greenhouse

1-

DETAILS

cheaper

the

house

for Construction

cedar

or

tarred

PIG-

the

efficient

A

stable, a lean-to

spring.

Material

the

be built

may

house

built, and

weather

in

209

against the south of the house stable, Figures i and 2, or they or be built entirely away from other buildings, the shelter of larger buildings on the north or will be found of great advantage. If one has greenhouses

basement

other

BUILD

WE

be

form

of the

made

of

tures struc-

of the

used

terials. ma-

than

form

plank

be

any

shown as

in

FARM

HANDY

2IO

Figure

3,

or

in

as

DEVICES

Sash

Figure 5.

should

bars

have

along the sides to catch the drip from the glass, as in Figure 6. be No. 2 double The glass for ordinary work may thick, large sizes, 16 x 20 inches or 20 x 24 inches, used. Smaller sizes will be cheaper in being much sash bars will be needed, and they price, but more of the sunlight. The off much cut glass should be grooves

putty, made

put in with lead

it, and

in of

tacks which

firmly

large size, bent

so

are

with

about

tacked

with

one-third

white

triangular zinc the double-pointed tacks, the glass from to prevent

or

as

slipping down. Set

Glazing should early fall,as putty building

In

fitting,and the

The

matter

or

to

a

if frozen

loose

mortises, but

no

long, slender thoroughly painted with

should

be

all

nails. before

lead

white

paint.

painted

before

expensive heating. If

in the

pipes through,

air also

be at

as

has

one

house,

it will

to a

is built

a

which

hot the

simple Figures i

very

a, a,

be let into such may in very cold heater

used, if the house

of the

feature

and

is the

kerosene

small be

may

carry

Hot

2.

or

in.

is attached,

house

glass

summer

in with

the frame

heater

steam

or

be

joints filled

greenhouse

water

be

important

most

small

and

all

is put

glass

become

should

should

ail is done

After

the

during

soon

by toeing

woodwork

All

will

there

made

jointsbe

done

be

Weather

Warm

hardened"

well

before

in

Glass

opening

houses, weather into

the

cellar. Ventilators I

and

2,

at

must

h, b.

be

located

Very

small

as

shown structures

in

Figures may

be

convenient

7 feet

to

at

the

of this

a

slat crib, and

CORN

as

there

dries

cracks, the

crib

if built

entirely of

wood.

Want

of

knowledge.

cure

does

us

more

to

A

ing floor, widen-

the

very

open

CRIB

more

is less

in the

lodge than

Owing

crib, corn

convenience.

5 feet at the

eaves.

THE

nature

farmer's

suit the may w^idth is about

width

and

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

212

quickly

chance

will

be

damage

for more

than

than

water

in to

durable

want

of

WHEN

WE

TO

LAY

HOW To the

lay

floor

a

work

fast,

use

I

A

FLOOR

in the

good lever, as

4-inch pieces

X

long

as

width The

the

as

of the

room.

upright feet long

is 4 hole a

arm

with

inches

4

LEVER

FLOORING

from

the

lower

and

through

ends

of the

which

AN

of

owner

stand. set

woods

and

inches

in diameter

next

the

procured flooring of

wide the

and

form

a

about an

long

of their

and He

apart

inclosure, leaving

5 feet wide. The poles in front roof

and

12

height

feet the

8

to

12

veranda, making

inches

he

were

at

poles

to

one,

and

he

went

to

feet

of nice, smooth

timbers. 8

First

an

the

about

i^

long.

He

boards

for

it about

6 feet

strengthening it with the securely nailed around the flooring to opening in front about

the 7 feet from the house. About w^ere

the

able

straight poles

from

number

feet

10

of

load

than

feels

wanted

fashion.

comfort, but

greater

seems

little farmhouse

and

the

necessary

poles

a

great

a

in Arkansas

in this

got

is

expense

plain

farmer

work

to

veranda the

the

A

VERANDA

INEXPENSIVE

cases

many

be

can

vine-covered

A

the pinned loosely between With good a little practice,a floor or ceiling. done on

it is

supports.

carpenter'sjob

the

tion, illustra-

two

supports

in

do

for

taking the

a

213

ceiling just right,and

board

or

BUILD

floor

to

midway straightened by a row

HANDY

214

of

poles

nailed

FARM

DEVICES

horizontally

and

another

row

was

placed at the top. To make all secure against rain, the slanting roof poles were next carefully covered with of bark. All this required overlapping rows but small outlay of cash and even less of work. It then was ready for the vines. Being in haste for immediate results, the builder of the hard roots native planted some woodbine, which will soon with its rapid cover any space It is an seed of the matter to growth. sow easy of morning glory, hardy annual gourd, or any one several hardy climbers and the result will soon be a of shade and mass besides, all of lovely blossoms which makes the summer evenings pass far more pleasantly. ,

CONCRETE

The

progressive

economic is the and

ON

steel

farmer

THE

must

value

of

portland

age

of

concrete.

FARM

overlook

not

cement

concrete.

It is

crowding

the day Towood

the

background, and bids fair to become the most universal of building materials. Concrete is extensively used holders, by the largest landand be used of more can by the men moderate to means equal advantage. It is to be recommended for of its general use by reason moderate cost. durability,sanitary qualities and Molded afford to solid, it has no joints nor seams a lodging for dirt and foster the growth of noxious be scrubbed and fungi; it can washed, swept, scalded, without Further, it injury to its texture. does not possess the disagreeable quality of absorbing and odors. ness Add to these qualities,coolgases into

in summer,

warmth

in winter

and

we

have

one

WE

WHEN

the

of

day

BUILD

materials

logical building

most

other

is

wood.

less

than

the

life and

present-

To

of

the

sure,

of

cement

$i.6o

about

initial

the

the

of the

of

exceeding

cents

expense

yard,

but

under be

may

reduced

close

and practical work be3^ond a doubt that in all other goods, are be

insisted

cements

should

matter

weaken

the

cement

makes

an

of be

may

ideal the

and

cleaned, and, if The inches

gravel

a

cubic

per

the

circumstances

of cement,

brands

in

cost

and

as

of

the the

gravel coarse,

very

should but

range

should

free

with

but

Giant

The

way

stone

for

The

in diameter,

any

mixture,

substituted results.

have

Experience both laboratory has proved

Broken

excellent

not

expense

cheapest in the end, and ers. by all prospective purchas-

concrete.

account

the

$2.

best

would

that

an

cost

the

upon

with

screen.

at

or

laying

Alpha,

foreign

Gravel

the

and

Saylor's, Edison the leading brands. are among be clean, coarse and sharp and

Atlas,

on

in the

farm the

we yard, and $2.75 to $3

to

concrete.

Add

mixing

favorable

very

in

should

from

brands

the

load.

done

per

ranging

from

a

be

crete con-

of cement

of

yard

had

labor

should

75

total

cost

the

which

product,

approved

most

cubic

concrete,

consider

we

barrel, ij4 barrels

per

is

wood.

required for each Sand and be gravel may bought nearby at lo cents and

of wood

cost

finished

than

being

forms

stone, brick

as

when

but

concrete,

quality of easily cheaper

Portland costs

be

with

compared

such

of construction,

that

is

when

expensive

not

materials

and

2^2

in

use.

Concrete

to

215

sand

from

all

tend

to

sand

and

it is

objected

broken

stone.

stone, should

however, be

washed

passed through from not

^4 inch exceed

a

to

2^4

2l6

HANDY

inches

and

DEVICES

obtain

to

should

portion

FARM

the very best results between the limits of

be

the

major and i^

i

inches. THE

MIXING

CEMENT

In

for general use the following mixing concrete proportions are perhaps the best : One barrel cement sand and 5 barrels gravel. In this mixture to 3 barrels the the between stones are entirely spaces filled and hardened the when concrete virtually becomes To

the

secure

follows:

monolith.

solid

a

Have

the

gravel a platform shoveling and

usually on to permit easy Add to enough water been have thoroughly make

thin

a

the

too

the

washed

concrete

and

in

as

ness, readi-

of

planking or boards, insure against waste.

sand, which in a mortar bed, to thin, however, to permit and

cement

mixed

not

mortar,

mix

results

best

the on shoveling. Spread the mortar thoroughly mix by turning with shovels. Then, without delay, shovel the batch of concrete into the forms or spread it on the floors as the case exceed to be, being careful not layers of 8 may inches at each be tamped filling. Each layer must easy gravel and

and

rammed

till

Proceed In

hot

placed

in this

weather

checking the

the

over

after

forms.

The

damp

and

cloths

top of the

insure

worked softer

filled. be

should

a

will

back

smooth

disappointing. Let days before removing

holes

to

from

material

will

six

boards

or

are

keep it from the final layer has been placed in forms must necessarily be water

done

to

top.

forms

concrete

is not be

the

to

till the

manner

tight and the concrete with a spade, so the outside

flushes

water

may

surface.

surely

result

the boards flow

to

If this and

the

the

concrete

the

planking,

rest

the last

work four

concrete

WHEN

green

Concrete

who

building

blocks

farm.

The

the

on

blocks

has

to

of

use

the

the

building blocks 6

each, the

cents

As

instructions build out

at

of

of sand

for

it

farmer

the

is

20

cement.

7"^ inches^

x

machine

constructed

be

can

8

ta

to

turn

dimensions

the

by changing

crete con-

of less than

the

making

described

and

x

by

but

hollow

cost

average

cost

of block

of

quality

an

given

size, but

size

any

reach

size block

are

that

best

mere

standard

the

to

cost

all purposes; mold machine or

simple

make

can

anyone

building purchase these as

for

them

use

ideal

are

the

beyond

been

desired

the

BLOCKS

CONCRETE

MAKING

material

thoroughly hardened,, state easily broken.

"

"

in the

while

and

217'

until

brittle

somewhat

being

BUILD

WE

accordingly. Take wide

and

For

avoid

thick.

inch

These

lumber

use

and

for

are

inches

10

used

be

must

large knots warping.

long by "jYi inches

inches

20

Care

wide.

free from to

i

ends

the

inches

boards

two

with

an

long by 7"4 boards

the

have

to

sides.

the

grain, so

even

as

joined at three with six hinges ; two hinges at top and corners In putting together have of each bottom corner. boards set end the two against the sides as up At the fourth in Figure i. corner shown place a and eyelet to hold the machine together strong hook when making block, and by unhooking this allows The

the

machine

This

makes 20

inches

high,

folded

be

to

work,

boards

four

above

were

back

away

from

the

ished fin-

etc. a

mold

inches with

top

or

form

long, and

8

that inches

bottom

is, inside wide open.

urements, meas-

and

7^

2l8

For

the

them

cutting

take

core,

ii"2

inches

width

of

the

I

CORE

"

the

machine,

the

hollow stick

round core,

in

the

it

set

machine,

as

of

bottom

Enough

the

ends,

in

Figure the

level

the

block

a

core

of

length

with

the

forms

and

2,

of

inside

set

top of the the

place

from

is

top

when

the

for

a

ating oper-

same.

To

First

core

make

cut

which

To

dow^n

set

lift the

to

in

into

a

7^ inches fastened are together, Figure i. This makes

These

block.

is fitted

it will

so

handle

the

to

with

These For

strips

illustrated

as

bottom

core.

slanting box

a

lumber,

slanting

inches.

of

sliown

as

the

at

2-inch

long.

and

top

jYi

sides

use

FIGURE

the

at

i-inch

of

boards

two

inches

13

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

of

FIGURE

Operate

on

a

board

shown machine these

2

Machine

somewhat

larger than

2.

This

holds

the

block

must

be

in

Figure

and boards

CEMENT

the

BLOCK

makes until

provided

MACHINE

OPEN

for

the the

dry. the

HANDY

220

is removed.

between will

make

Set

this

in

the

ends

and

half-size

two

joints when

laying

hollow,

small

to

two

in

set

Rock

taking

the

or

lYz

inches

them

face of

to

and

suit any One may

the

of

size On take

breaking these

out

the

mold

a

the

face

of

chine ma-

border

a

irons, heat in

irregular By making ridges

center

of

different

will

be

can

course,

secure

tion imita-

excellent

very

This, of

easily by

very

deep. burning process as possible, you

will

face.

This

have

to

several

inches

this

in

use

this draw

then

burn

that

rock

for

produced

desired.

broken

as

plate a

plank

i^

material.

If desired

be

as

in

blocks

can

and

least

fill with

way half-

middle

of proper size can be made molding blocks of this size.

all around,

hollows

depths a

end

red-hot

shape, at and

effects

2-inch

a

cores

the

in

place

wall.

when

place

face

DEVICES

FARM

made

fancy.

practice of making several faces and ferent difends from to plain and panels down rock face plates effects, having these extra the size as above. same given for the machine Then by using hinges as used on doors or any pin hinge, you can easily change the style of block by face machine in a putting one plate or end on moment's any saved

follow

One

time.

style of block in changing

This

machine, and

the

machine

and from

can

great

a

one

in addition

operation,

is

thus

used

for

of time

be

be

amount

style to another. to being simple in rapid. With very

struction con-

but

little

from make man can practice one 75 to 100 blocks daily and have each one perfect,as he does break after they are not by handling them any molded

According

to her

cloth

she

cut

her

coat.

"

Dryden.

WHEN

STYLE

ANOTHER All

the

should

be

lumber

from

knots

mold

rests

battened

BUILD

WE

OF

white

and

be

should

together.

pine

The

sap.

14

The

MOLD make

to

necessary

selected

221

24

sides

free

which

on

and

inches are

mold

hardwood,

or

platform x

this

made

this

be

well

shown

as

^cfr^m-^"^^^^'

by the drawings, with a overlaps the end pieces Both as

ends

shown,

turned On notch

down each in

to

and

sides

with to

end

fasten

MOLD

FINISHED

THE

is

fastened

end, which

each them to

permit

the

completed

out

whole

a

flat iron mold

in

place. platform

the

which

placed

the

on

holds

and

are

hinges, take

cleat

them

to

be

block. bar

together.

with These

a

FARM

HANDY

222

bars

the

are

to

act

bottom

the

from

up

the

of

is intended

loosely to give

mold

bottom

OF

The

thin

running

a

of bottom The

the

blocks

end

and

"fK

be

fitted in the be

should

blocked

required height

of

Cofe,,

pieces of up

should

and run

have

mold

down

form

to

down

a

to

top

board.

plugs

sides, so

that

the

out.

way

board

longed pro-

MOLD

the finished block.

piece of key between

are

Blocks

the

to

and

"Piu^

PARTS

ends

tne

convenience.

Height

board

of the

bottom

for

handles

as

Regulating The

hooks, only

as

same

DEVICES

are

made

when

The

as

shown,

with

they are removed pins in the bottoms

a

taper both

they

clear all

of the

plugs

WHEN

fit in

to

are

will

them

steady

When

the

the

two

square

holes

the

handle

of

and

hold

until

out

of

nut

and

The

make and

cement

well

and

is finished

the

whole.

Now

rod

sides

use

remain

the

on

in

rings

be

not

ready to of a large

take iron

long.

sharp sand, mix to simply dampen mold, put plugs in

good on

the

up

full and

the

plugs,

Scrape

then

turn

which

block

until

down

tamp

is filled.

mold

finished board

bottom

should

part of portland

one

of

lift out

and

and

Molds

one-fourth place, fill the mold hard. Repeat this until the oflf surplus material, remove down

the

i8 inches

about

water

close

and

is made

parts

enough

put

the

with

top of mold

and

removed,

are

tamper

three

the

board

through

run

blocks

these

place.

the

over

Filling the To

in

them

are

of iron

piece

board, which

This lifted up. board is from the block being prevents

they

block

mold. a

is

tamper

the

bottom

the

placed

a

broken

223

removed

are

guard and when plugs

as

used

in

is

top of plugs and used

holes

plugs

BUILD

WE

is to

hard

enough

number

of

to

lift off. It will

be

boards.

bottom made

they

from

15

to

using.

A

blocks

and

to

necessary

After

a

blocks

of

number

these are

sprinkled from day to day for before them days to properly cure

should 20

a

have

be

barrel

of

one

man

cement can

will make

make a

about

block

50

in

12

minutes. MIXING

Many the

have

hardest

CEMENT

found

part of

mixing cement

FOR

the brick

BRICK

sand

and

making.

cement An

old

HANDY

224 barrel

Vinegar

crank Two

barrel into

the and

and

bottom

a

The

covered

into the

boy

and

barrel

pieces

round is

piece of

a

iron

cut

sheet

driven side

on

iron

as

fast

dampened,

are

boy

a

sprinkle the

to

of

hole

square

cement

and

is done

a

in

set

with

by placing a grindstone pinion on the other. the ground the and

use

of

hinged

fasten.

to

sand

mixing

A

to

and

are

tv^o

over

posts.

barrel

a

posts

DEVICES

put

end

one

on

hung

be

may

strong

FARM

as

two

brick

the

turn

may

men

to

shoveled

crank.

The

mold, with

can

drying

prevent

too

fast.

REINFORCEMENT

For and

heavy

be

construction

columns,

needed. the

FOR

work

reinforcement

Reinforced most

CONCRETE

with

kind

of

y DETAILS

DETAILS

OF

beams

rods

is

rapidly coming to construction of large

SECTION

FOOTING

steel

is

concrete

approved

involving

REINFORCEMENT

^ OF

FLOOR

SLAB

WE

WHEN

225

BUILD

o" the own buildings. Our great building is one most crete noteworthy examples, being of reinforced conforcement reinbuilding where throughout. For any desirable the following details will seems be

found

useful of the

Plan is shown

in

:

footing

above.

column

are

shown

dots

by

in

h, and

h is cross-section

filled with

shaded

is also beam

lines in g. the cement,

of floor

section

shown

between

(crossbeams

steel bars

that

take

bars, d, stuck the

"

at

girders

walls out

and

steel

The

angle,

an

breaking

off

to

are

"

ing shear-

or

the

Point of in

same

way

4-inch

use

2

one

end, drive

cellar

line

outside

Have

building. Then plumb.

x

studs in

wall, brace

top

nail

brace

and

ground,

cellar

concrete

own

inexperienced help. Lay

with

foundation

any

CELLAR

their

build

chimneys

your

stake

at

FROSTPROOF

A

farmers

inside

sion compres-

"

concrete.

column

from

stress

column.

MAKING Some

the

into

thick; it

inches

girder and floor girders), h, girder; c, dots showing twisted

the

by

crete, con-

floor

tensile

the

up

is carried

stress

prevent

girder, the

of

of column

part being the

slab, 4^

top of the

on

cross-section

part of

through wire spiral

the

by diagonal a,

column

of footing and g, side view The steel rods that run up

/;

column

of each

foundation

or

excavation

of

length

the

ground, of to

for

would

you

on

quired. re-

line of

by driving

stud stake

and

each

take Then everything firm. and place horizontally against edge boards square the studs. (See illustration.) You

stud.

Do take

not one

must

try side

make

to at

go a

around

time

to

the the

cellar

whole

height

of

earth

wall, sur-

226

HANDY

FARM

face, but turn your let the stone outside, the wall

elevation

earth

the

to

up

Above

and

earth

the

the

outside

but

now

as

y/f

surface

you

the

stud

them

as

wall.

For

bending

the

on just the same doing on the inside, and studs, as up to

boards

CELLAR

took

WALL

the

place place

drive, and come

frames

them.

to

use

corners

the

or

any

the

and

ready

place make

and

sure

x

36

x

the

head, and I

foot.

'J2

a

forced rein-

result. from

stone

goose ^%'g to the size of your in bottom of wall to depth of 12

inches

24

wall, and

of

center

a

bed, say, about

them

building your main baled hay wire in wads,

will be

corner

cobblestones

Be

Plumb

of them.

when

hatchway

it around

concrete

Get

line.

cellar window

you for

extension

earth

you

Have

apart.

the

making

w

point

every

to

line before

been

CONCRETE

this

up against finish the whole

line do

have use

to

push

plan

ground

must

you

best

attention

no

cement

surface

the

above

Pay

corner.

It is the

earth.

DEVICES

size

put them

Make

inches.

of

a

One

ing mixman

22S

HANDY

made

by

under the

DEVICES

FARM

the

pump,

windmill

has

that

so a

the

pumped

water

effect.

cooling

very

In

it is difficult to obtain places where ice, it will prove indispensable to the dairyman who keeps a few Another cows. important item is the fact that a does not have to pull up all of the pipes every man

CONCRETE

time and

that

OUTDOOR

finds

he

it necessary

with each

of

stairs

"^-inch the

and

way

thick.

sides

The are

small

is about also

repair

to

the

pipes

pump.

It is constructed

by

CELLAR

also

the a

In

the

purpose

fixture

by using

The

and

on

cost,

of

a

a

storm

all farms.

forced is rein-

foot

apart

6 inches

form, and are

including

and

west

i

is about

of concrete

steel rods.

answer

considered

made

top

placed

work

concrete

made

$50.

rods

steel

are

The

concrete.

southwest cave,

the

reinforced the

labor, it will

which

is

The It

SMOKEHOUSE

CONCRETE

A

8

is about

structure

keep the meat For a building of this sort Excavate to the enough. be

will

feet

two

feet and

lo

x

will

which

22^

BUILD

WE

WHEN

and

thieves

out.

8-inch

walls

will be

thick

proper

depth

Make

The raised

as

Space

for

bolts

forms the

doorway

a

inserted The

on.

also

be

The The

to

which

will

be

wall

lock

and

pose. pur-

be

may

progresses.. two

door in

molded

the

this

eye-

swing

to

if it

cement

latch

shouM

it will

be

of boards

be

shingles

or

and the concrete placed on it with bolts An properly imbedded. if desired, in roof be made concrete can

in each

smoke

doubt

no

although

wall.

should

case

vents

in the

placed

plates

arched

eyebolt for

six

and

the

for

be

can

and

left and

be

concrete

of

for

braced the

laying must

jamb

An

roof

held

in the

door

is desired.

of

work

used

well

be

must

mixture

boards,

be

could

boards

square-edged

matched

of

forms

the

a

use

frost,

below

parts sand

three portland cement, stone. parts gravel or broken

part

one

high.

inside

less, and

or

7 feet

to

end,

To

escape.

proof against

build

or

fire

a

small

a

make steel

flue

the

suitable allow

to

house

iron

or

leave

to

necessary

the

absolutely

door

should

be

used. LAYING

A the

there

sill,where stock

inches

tamped

of

or

crushed

be

level

If the

under

the

with

the

earth be

should

and

be

about

is leveled

in

a

out

4.

off and to

unnecessary

concrete

top of

in

passing

There

hard, it would stone

FLOOR

is much

wagons.

concrete.

down

CONCRETE

floor should

concrete

with

any

A

put

building

HANDY

230 where is

frost

gravel floors

many

laid without

are

for horse held

in

iron

belts

place

best

put in

to

of loose

fine material.

with of

foot

a

is

way

of

made

concrete

and

parts sand

four

be

can

the

when

down

floor

is

the floor.

above

3 inches

WALK

16

trench

dig a gravel

titions Par-

bottom.

by putting

CONCRETE

A

MAKING

The

pipe

earth, but

stanchions

floor

pieces of gas them project 2 or

the

a

cattle

cement

a

on

such

or

Let

laid.

stalls and

of

top

on

of

inches

put several

to

cinders

or

It

get underneath.

not

recommended

generally

stones,

does

water

or

DEVICES

FARM

inches

deep,

levelingit off On top of this spread 3 inches two one part portland cement, stone or gravel. parts crushed stone,

or

granolithic finish i inch thick mixed in the proportions of 1-2-3. smooth Trowel it down On

this put

hard.

and

should

be

a

Joints ^

inch

left every

5

thick feet

and

to

sand

filled with

from

walk

prevent

cracking CEMENTING

In

making

about

one

shed

water

CISTERN

A

a

surface

waterproof,

part portland from

a

roof

wall, but

or

is,

with

water to

cement

put

on

which a

inch

one

I

the

neat

coat

to

it is mixed,

^4

inch

thick

mixed

or

with

to

of

of sand

will

make

face sur-

a

it will neat

use

other

no

thick, one-half

cement

waterproof.

with

that

so

mixture

a

two

to

cement

perfectlywatertight, standing water, it is better that

WALL

keep out cement only,

and of

it will neat

plenty

cost

of

less than

cement

two-thirds

the

but

material

sand, water

as

is

SPECIAL

A

sack

of

have

to

in

a

with

crack

A

Hardwood

way.

holes

filled

A

in

floor

Over

to

Smooth

three

then

let it

Gutters

laid

roof

over

and

nail

old

an

board

old floor clean

the

boards.

and

with

Cover

a

sionally. occa-

of

one

parts clean

sand, mixed

if it is

be

broom

be

can

putty

to

before

put in where

be

shingled

leak

but

old

an

little cement

a

the

with

patched

paste.

dry thoroughly

may

old

an

thin

this

stopped

netting, tacking it down lay a layer of concrete

thoroughly,

stock, brush

be

all loose

this

a

be

can

thick

water,

leak.

not

Sweep

part Portland cement, water

with

be

may

can

time.

dry and nail down layer of heavy wire

with

barrel

a

will

they

so

short

a

1

CEMENT

mixed

floors

waterproof

floor in

FOR

USES

little cement,

a

putty.

as

23

useful thing is a very Portland cement the farm. making quick repairs about drain utes pipe can be stopped in a few min-

for

hole

A

BUILD

WE

WHEN

used

make

it

by rough,

using

the

floor.

to

in

Holes

necessary.

ing quickly stopped by forcthe shingle where under

appears.

is being put which cement to special uses and the making of bee hives, brick for pavement are shingles for roofing, ordinary foundations, cement boxlike of and grain bins in the form square of this exbarrel-like round use cellent receptacles. The is only just material for farm structures the most opening up and it is destined to become Some

important

A

material

wooden fence

make

a

bond

for

general

reinforcement

post is with

worse

the

farm

in the

building.

of

center

than

useless.

concrete,

and

a

It does

thus

crete con-

not

weakens^

2^2

HANDY

instead

of

of

DEVICES

the

strengthens,

is true

same

FARM

wooden

Of

post.

the

course,

reinforcement

of

HANDY

DEVICE

crete con-

any

work.

A

TIME-HONORED

(see How

dear

When The

to

heart

my

fond

frontispiece)

recollection

orchard,

the

the

are

them

presents the

meadow,

of

scenes

hood, child-

my

!

view

to

wild-

deep-tangled

wood. And

The

The

of

And

The

and

knew

infancy

my

pond

the

oaken old

the

the

and

rock

father, the

my

e'en old

that

mill

!

that

stood

it;

bridge, cot

The

spot

wide-spreading by

The

loved

every

where

dairy-house

bucket

rude

bucket,

the

that

the

it ;

nigh in

hung

iron-bound bucket

moss-covered

fell ;

cataract

the

well

"

bucket.

that

in

hung

the

well.

How

ardent

And Then And

quick

I seized

to

the

with

the

dripping

with

soon,

it with

hands

that

bottom

white-pebbled emblem

of

coolness, "

it

truth rose

Samuel

ing. glow-

were

it fell !

overflowing, from

the

Woodworth.

welL

ICE

FREEZING

HERE

pond

a

from

handy

A

of A

The

inches

and

long

sides

ends

and

inches

12

should

deep made

be

HOMEMADE

that

the

top

of

the

sake

block

mold

should

the of

With

a

supply

of

ice

or

during

be and

strength

dozen

will

20

made sired. de-

wide,

The

measure.

^

taper

24

inch,

so

MOLDS

drop

out

reinforced

easily. with

wire

The for

durability.

forms the

inside

is

size

any

inches

to

ICE

frozen

of

i6

best

are

iron

is

size

little

water

pure

forms

galvanized

convenient

of

supply

essential.

frozen

be

can

not

yearns

the

get

comparatively

with

labor.

to

ice, blocks

forms

in

is

stream

or

which

of

supply

BLOCKS

IN

one

winter. 233

can

The

put

up

forms

quite should

a

HANDY

234 be

level

set

inches and

let them

two

days

frozen

joistsor

on

apart. and

FARM

a

the

of

forms

of ice.

off, the ice put

away

SAVING

of

ears

seed

them,

on

form

in the

THE

handy

a

The

side

icehouse

vi^ater one

or

When and

up

which

then

can

few

a

will lifted

be

the form

and

again.

water

is

placed

bottom

water

warm

release the cake

Here

and

nearly full vvrith pure freeze, which they will do in nights in suitable weather.

dipper

filled with

boards

Fill them

solid, turn

pour

DEVICES

SEED

device

It

corn.

CORN

for

consists

preserving

select

of

board

wide

a

fastened two

between

supports

nailed The

the

to

board

upright and

stands

on

end

one

be

may

edges.

desired.

as

long

as

Drive

heavy spikes through it from the opposite side and

stick

corn

an

each

upon

spike. for

the

This

allows

ears

examined

is much each

CORN

be

to

nail

the

ears

the

Idaho

may

in

RACK

from

preferred be

this

to

expensive

numbered

way.

experiment

This

and rack

station.

a was

the wire record

can

out with-

removing SEED

of

passage

air,and the be

of

ear

them

rack.

It

racks,

as

kept designed

of at

236

HANDY

DRYING

Never

it freeze

seed

DEVICES

KEEPING

AND

let

had

have

FARM

SEED

before

exposed

corn

it is to

CORN

Farmers

dry.

of

temperature

a

degrees

30

below-

without

zero

its and

vitality, had

have

ruined

juring in-

at

grees de-

10

above We

it

zero.

would

not

recommend

kiln-

for the drying general farmer, as this is only practicable where

a

the

is in grower seed business.

convenient

very

is

way

RACK

DRYING

CORN

four 6 feet on

long,

them

set

and

two

plenty of dry, and

a

laths,

so

Lay

thoroughly dry

the

it

can

4x4

nail laths

and Leave

6-inch

a

will

corn corn

your

take

to

pieces

square,

opposite.

two

ventilation. if

in

up

the

between

space

them

A

on

lay

have

this

to

there

all

do

tffe

winter.

Knowledge good we know. It

is better

is worth

to

give

nothing

unless

we

shillingthan

one

to

twenty.

Keep

your

mouth

shut

and

your

eyes

open.

lend

237

KNOWING

WORTH

FIG.

2

IZTL

IZZ

FIG.

WEIGHT

The "of the

drawings many

uses

3

LIFTER

show

the

of this

AND

DETAILS

different device.

parts and

one

238

HANDY

almost

is

DEVICES

SIMPLE

AND

STRONG

Here

FARM

WAGON

JACK

good, practical wagon

a

of

all kinds

vehicles.

jack

The

suited

v^hole

made

thing

of wood

the

to

is

with

exception of curved piece,",

the

which

is

of

hooks

and

iron

over

iron

bolt,

well

to

an

It is

e.

have

a

strong ;^-inch bolt

/,

at

so

to

as

the

weight The

a.

WAGON

each

are

the

In

using

by simply pressing

lever.

and

up

Write

though

^"j

thick.

inches

2

is lifted

JACK

The

teeth

The

height

A

Many vehicles

log wagon.

lever, bottom, J,

p;^^g^ ^^ jack, the axle

the

on

is

the

hold

of

handle on

e

regulated by

matically. autoing/ mov-

down.

down you

the

and

of lever

heavy

jj^g

down

of h catch

on

port sup-

the

like it

advice not

at

FOR

JACK

not

Here

one

who

loves

you,

present.

which

work is

him

HEAVY

liftingjacks would

of

well

WAGONS are

designed

in the

of

case

that will stand

a

for a

light heavy

lot of hard

and is simple and effective. Make the base usage and upright of heavy 2-inch oak plank and insert a

')4-inchbolt through a good, strong hemp

the rope

lever

for

attached

a

Have support. to the base, pass-

KNOWING

WORTH

ing

drawn in

the

over

a

down notch

of the

end

handle

about at

pair

the

I

foot

junk

of

old

this

be hooked

dealer's.

FROM

a

two

wheel, which

The

legs

OLD

of the

MATERIAL

simple. gate hinges

is very

barrow

handles,

plow

long, and

MADE

it is

WHEELBARROW

CHEAP

of

as

JACK

WAGON

construction a

that

so

is lifted it can the wagon hold it in position.

to

A

Get

lever,

and

HOMEMADE

The

239

may

be

found

wheelbarrow

HANDY

240

those

are

old

an

These

iron. but

of

FARM

chair, braced in

articles

with

themselves

combination

in their

DEVICES

of

worthless,

are

something

create

we

piece

a

very

useful.

WHEELBARROW

A

Here that

is

inches

20

and

3

brace

for

shown

as

hardwood

inch around

front

in

crossbrace

and

and

Nail

or

screw

four

with

and

pieces

half

circles from

in

notch

a

to

center

for

securely together

these

Nail

rear,

Cut

legs.

board

axle.

for handles.

WHEELBARROW

BOX

on

a

inches

3%

x

STRDNG

AND

handy, strong wheelbarrow make a can on a rainy day. Take long, 24 or 26 inches wide 30 inches sticks 5^ 6 feet to deep, and two

box

dry-goods long

picture of

a

farmer

any

and

CHEAP

fit the

wheel. For

the

and

band

each

and

drive

a

apart sides

iron

stick

or

wrap

6d. wire

hold

around

[When

end

in center, to

a

axle, take

inches

bore

wheel

the

wheel

in

will

cost

A

make have

but

Bore

Just

a

2

holes inches

opposite of hoop band it last longer.

holes

place.

together, you that

end.

i-inch

two

Trim

square.

wire.

with

nail in each

the

it is put wheelbarrow

3^^

on

very

little.

tial substan-

WORTH

HOW

KNOWING

HANG

TO

241 KETTLE

A

for a kettle support Using stones oftentimes, but let the heat crack one and tip the kettle it frequently as over,

will, does

let

the

sustained.

a

It is much make is

as

the

alone

better

presented The

cut.

to

such

support

a

stones

man's

improve language, loss

of the

tend

not

to

handiest

seems

in

three

uprights^ of suitable length to correspond the

with

kettle, of

for

wood.

good the

Through

hole

a

the

the

consist

may

any

these

of

size

top

of

is bored

bolt

hold

to

them

together,which

must

be

up

long enough so they easily. All that is necessary chains

two

from

downward of the

the

to

kettle

the

can

cattle

and

snow

this

be

have

will

then

is

extend

letting them

hooks

on

them.

the

When

together and

SNOW

PLOW

plow

snow

every

heavy one, simple homemade a

play to set to suspend

distance, attach

not owning a person is after useful one how

if the

KETTLE

be folded

A No

top and

proper

into the

the device

use,

or

TRIPOD-HUNG

a

laid away.

ate appreci-

can

A or

in

not

storm.

span

ears

a

horse,^

yoke

arrangement,

of

and

HANDY

242

in less time

DEVICES

FARM

required to tell it there is a path, and no It is only a big back-breaking work either. V braced is pushed both the snow so by it. ways of 2-inch It must be made planks at least i foot wide

and

wobbles To side

than

not

of the

a

6

less than does

and make

is

not

good

wood

stay

road

sled

feet on

long. If shorter the ground well.

for teams,

and

drive

up

chain and

farm spreads 2 feet, and will make your if somebody of pluck lives there. as it from draw a ring at the top of it will

root.

SMOKEHOUSE

SUBSTITUTE

it to

it

one

down.

It

front look For the

paths foot-

front

so

244

HANDY

the

cover

leaking. Make

clay

a

feet wide dirt

up

I

and

3 feet

foot

high

fireplacefor length of the

18

if

stone

at on

bank

and

it up

wire

it fast

to

the

the

earth

the

tank

dirt.

In

strips of

up

piece of sheet iron should be set fireplaceto control the draft and keep a heater, on one farm, is located near storage tank

water

cobs

be

can

brush.

or

and

heated One

can

for

of

iron

on

ting cut-

the

rod

stovepipe

with

before

up

the

filled from

be

quickly may

an

the

rod.

A

and

of the

end

galvanized iron for a collar, then drive into the ground, put on two lengths and

blue

the

with

stovepipe, turn

and

preferred, 2 high. Pile

inches

galvanized iron, place

for the

hole

and

any of nails.

of stone

ground

3 feet wide

and

flue, put

a

this foundation a

long

prevent rows

of mortar

cement

by

to

v^ith two

on

the

fireplaceon

tins

heavy

the bottom

brick

or

with

corners

Nail

DEVICES

FARM

the

the

fire. Such windmill

either.

The

cornstalks, straw,

pumpkins and small pigs, and cook ground

boil

fattening the in the feed by pouring scalding water meal on barrels and or covering with old blankets carpets. for A light fire will take the chill from ice water

potatoes

the

milch

cows.

USE

Most

FOR

A

TOUGH

LOG

piles have two or three old logs tackle with to an lying about which nobody cares ax or blasting powder, and are too short for the If straight, they will make sawmill. good water inches off about 10 troughs. Square the ends, mark from each end, chop out the inside and trim the crease edges. An inside coat of oil or pitch tar will inwearing qualities. farm

wood

WORTH

HANDY

WOOD

splitting wood

a

A

For

uses a

2

of the

plank

at

same

cut

are

spikes

material.

4od wire in

up

the chunk

is

by This

slabs means

in the

and

Take

cut.

use

upright Set

this

brace

a

of

DEVICE

sharp points Set

wood

the

in the

shown

against

these

of the

which than to

upside try

than

tree

In down

other "

to

splitoff

cleave

direction

in the

when

the

words,

contrary

It is much

it grew. to

readily

more

downward. it

WOOD

SPLIT

TO

root

place in

chusetts Massa-

eastern

splittingit.

the

ax

shown

degrees

20

nails.

splits much

from

in

3 feet long and an about inches long. 20

The

HOW

Wood

farmer

SPLITTING

WOOD

the

SPLITTER

as

angle of

an

245

about

material

same

upright

device

a

8-inch

X

KNOWING

to

blow

split a

to

the

easier

of

tion direc-

to

through the the edge. pieces near

split

center.

..

246

HANDY

do

you

HAMMER

make

to

want

and

work

more

DEVICES

PULLING

A If

FARM

do

claw

old

your

it

better

have

the

little

beyond

hammer

and

handle

easier,

projecting a head.

the

will find it much

more

You

ient conven-

in

drawing a nail, as it makes a right angle for pulling the nail without bending it to It takes the place of side. one hand block and is always on a and ready in the right place for immediate

whittled

simply to the

far, but about sticks

out

finished

shown

as

make

form

rounding,

when

and

give

it

14

x

for

18 inches 8

high, tapering to rich

with

ANVIL

FARM

THE

solid foundation

a

Fill this mold the

way

in the

appearance.

of boards

18 inches

through it through too picture. If it

in the

a

it off

Whittle

MOUNTING To

at

more

driven

drive

it will be

much,

too

driving nails. a

Don't

required distance.

little

a

and

usual

than

is

handle

The

use.

anvil, build

an

inches

10

x

and

concrete

the

at

square

at

fix

a

a

base,

the top. bolt in

ward, of the top of it to fasten the anvil. Afterthe base lead can be poured around melted

center

of the

anvil, completing SORTING

The and which

sketch sorter. are

a

nice

very

QUICKLY

POTATOES shows

a

homemade

It consists fastened

M-inch

of

pedestal.

a

of

number

slats

cleaner

potato so

as

to

hoops

make

to

holes

^

WORTH

lYi

inches

inside

by

Two

square.

hold

cylinder to entirely through The

c.

247

heavy pieces,a,

the

crank,

a

KNOWING

the

axle, h, which

machine

the

frame

placed

are

and is 4

made

tends ex-

is turned

inches

lower

the

opening end of the cylinder so that the potatoes will run through freely. At the crank is a hopper, /, into which end the cylinder is 2^ feet long potatoes are poured. The at

the

floor the

at

the a

or

open

With

in

It will not

3 feet in diameter. and the dirt and

and

one

hopper, day.

and

end

of the to

from

indiscreet

An natured

one;

enemies, and

small

crate

man

for

those

he

indifferentlyboth

through

run

ones

to

on

out

run

crate.

and

another

to

crank

800

is the

toes, pota-

another

to

man

the

cylinder into the

700

ones

bruise

marketable

the

turn

as

CLEANER

AND

SORTER

POTATO

bushels

be

can

more

hurtful

latter

will

than

sorted

an

only

attack

wishes

ill to, the

other

friends

and

foes.

"

fill

illhis jures in-

Addison.

248

HANDY

FARM

in

bushel

is often

crate

handling

EASILY

POTATOES

HANDLING

A

DEVICES

ear

convenient

more

potatoes

corn,

other

or

than

to

vegetables basket.

a

Crates hold

that bushel

a

level

full

piled

upon

other

can BOX

and

They

moved.

wood

inches

2

The

should slats

so

the

box.

The

slats

are

completed

and

made

inches

12

box

to

deep,

outside

of

Pieces

posts.

corner

3 inches posts. There

boards

two

upper

ing lift-

when

if the

durable

more

handy size for long, 14 inches wide

thick..

is 16 inches

thus

A

measurements.

POTATOES

SEED

the pnncipal potato

large

seed

In

the

eyes.

bin

a

raised

front,

on so

is used

famous

is done

cutting into

be

il an-

they be just as easily just as quickly

for the

^^-inch

will

inch

an

CUTTING

In

of

box

one

light material. used

be

may

time

same

securely to the corner be just room the enough between that the fingers can be inserted

the upper

be

of are

square

slats may nailed

wide

be

may

when

in less space baskets. At

than

STORAGE

v^ill

and

stored

the

use

or

legs. that

growing sections, medium for planting and two to cut Greeley district of Colorado,

by hand. hopper, made The

potatoes

back will

Potatoes of

run

dry-goods

a

is made

shoveled

are

higher

down

to

than

the

box the

open-

WORTH

ing

and

the

shoveled The

bottom with

up

the

to

end

that

way

of

and

fall from sits

and

it into

the

on

work

can

box

A side. these the

wide

side

is attached the

be

the

basket

bench

a

in the

in

is fastened

two

three

front

which

each

of

To on

or

of each

and

one

compartments,

corresponds

the

hooks, and

middle

ends

both

compartments

along

side

one

is

or

of

and

compartment

sack

to

fixed, in

an

steel

common

knife.

Potatoes the

ator oper-

CUTTER

on

the opening of the right over upright position, a shoemaker's table

the knife

The

board

the

POTATO

into

in.

sack

is

board, b, in such

or

beneath.

which

in the

boxed

knife, a,

case

pushed against

can

is boxed

open

soil

rapidly.

It is divided

being

the

CUTTER

SEED bench

old

plank

a

to

very

ANOTHER

An

POTATO

potatoes

let out

to

potatoes.

simple.

SEED

a

249

is slatted

the

is

cutting

fastened

KNOWING

be

to

compartments

compartment

a

man

cut

for

planting

of the

box

takes

his

and

are

in

into

shoveled front

of

position,being

each

seated

box

a

on

in

tubers

blade

pieces

many

this

good

cutters

Of the

cut

for

the

the

moisture

and

the

kernels.

The

square. best to

This

will

make

half

full of clean

four

hours

the

a

the

over

sure

to

in the

brick

the

pack it

box, making

box

is

lOO

ears.

firmly

feet

2

It

Fill

is

sack

a

three

or

this sawdust

depth

the

level

as

lay

to

one

it for

spread

and

which

on

soak

to

furnish

to

deep.

and

box

test

get it packed

of

sawdust as

around

i

in inch.

down

possible. the

edges

Be and

corners.

Then

take

a

Stretch

square.

be

inches

Then

water.

smooth

cloth

sawdust

of the

bottom

Take all

in

dinarily or-

CORN

accommodate 6

potatoes

planter.

one

convenient

it about

two

sawdust

marked

most

by fairly

testing seed corn, satisfactory is a shallow

wet

a

that

for

and

with

provided

all the

as

then

are

knife

the

SEED

methods

convenient

most

pieces

of

use

TEST

TO

different

the

box

of

using each day

required

into

one

It is claimed

sack.

open

can

HOW

the

them

pulling

each

the

seizes

He

by

cuts

desired;

as

method

indirect

and

quickly

the

into

dropped

sake.

succession

rapid

the

against

for comfort's

stool

or

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

250

marked.

piece of white this tight on a

Rule

off

this

on

muslin table cloth

so

with

25 that a

inches it

can

heavy

blue

inches each Be2 pencil 100 squares way. left-hand these number corner rginning at the upper in rotation from left to right. When the squares ruling is done, pack the cloth in the germination box so that it will rest firmly on the sawdust. This be done by pointing the tacks in the edge of the can box draw

downward, the

cloth

and

as

tight over

the

tack

the

is driven

sawdust.

in it will

HANDY

252 kernel kernel

you wish v^ill come

in the

palm

from

the

and

turn

butt;

another

from remove

placing advantage and

the to

also

uppermost.

and

kernel

six different and

turn

another

tip;

the

quarter the

and

rows

from and

near

the

second

nel ker-

turn

This

tip.

a

ear

quarter

from

remove

nel ker-

and makes

representing

tip.

kernels

in the

box

point the tips all in to lay the kernels

If the

the kernel

a

kernel

from

a

quarter

another

center;

butt, middle

remove

the

second

remove

turn

ear;

another

ear

quarter

from

and

near

a

second

a

In of

the

First

of the

hand

from

the

six kernels the

butt

remove

gently. The should be caught it

pry

left hand.

in the

kernel

a

and

easily and

out

turn

DEVICES

remove

the

turn

center;

remove

to

of the

near

quarter

FARM

kernels

are

it will be

found

the

tion, direc-

with

same

the

laid in the

germ

squares

of their be thrown out promiscuously, they may When the the sprouts begin to grow. places when kernels are all in place, take a second piece of white moisten it and cloth fully 24 inches lay it square, in the kernels. This will hold them carefully over is being put place while the top layer of sawdust Take third 48 x 30 on. a piece of cloth about inches and lay it over the box so that the edges lap inch about in this cloth put another equally. Then of wet sawdust and pack it down firmly,especially the this is done turn the around edges. When to keep it from the sawdust edges of the cloth over drying out too rapidly and place the test box where it will not be subjected to cold below a living-room

temperature.

Reading After

seven

containing

the

the

Results

the cloth days carefully roll back lift the and top layer of sawdust

KNOWING

WORTH

second

cloth

with

the

through Observe

and

kernels

have

long, you thoroughly good. kernels

No.

have

will

2

As

corn.

No.

2

half

After may

If in

sprouted, much

soon

as

you

know

hog

have

you

only

2

may

better

that

i

is of

two

feed

than

determined

ear

seed

that

ear

about

row

in

place.

line, you and

ears

prefer to use only those perfect germination, and if one has the thing to do. But experience four it is quite safe to use an ear, would

we a

gave

enough, that is has taught that of whose

kernels

is

that

2

them. course,

corn

to

that

really bad, pull it out from the other its length, leaving the ears have through the whole you gone then back and pick out the bad go

Of

^ No.

ear

No.

square

it.

all six

from

that

sure

If

i.

is

discard

ears

be

can

make

No.

square

grow

cling to

vigorous sprouts,

inches

the

in

results

done

sprouts

will

kernels

the

be

must

the

sometimes

cloth the

This

kernels.

the

because

care,

of the

off

253

strong

grow

should

one

scarce,

three

gave

all

hesitate

not

to

and

sprouts

strong

Or, if seed

sprouts.

use

one

weaker

two

ones.

This ears

testing

work

to

stove

or

be

other

sufficientlywarm an

place

warm

with

water,

place

the

another

in

for

that

dinner

the

outside

behind

set

place,

where

where is

room

to

a

the it is

there

is

sufficiently

testing. in

an

then

and

seed

be

cases,

many

much

not

may

after

convenient

more

convenient

;

put sand

Some

box

time

any

is

there

the kitchen

attic above

at

generally

The

done.

any

done

when

winter,

it in

do

It is

dry.

are

be

may

on

top

plate.

ordinary drain of the Others

dinner

the

excess

sand, use

and a

plate, flood water cover saucer

off, with made

HANDY

254 of

in

set

saucer

a

as

be

are

placed

and

the for

used

in

other

sowing grasses, great advantage

of

this, the

covered.

pan

of

case

it is often

wheat,

seeds

may In

corn.

DEVICES

of water,

pan

methods

These well

The

clay.

porous

FARM

grains

as

alfalfa

or

to

test

the

seed.

Every given to

him

and

Of

the

himself.

a

he

man

kinds, the

that

the

for

mind

real

far the

for

self. him-

and

best

seldom

teach

we

to

worthy

conquer

which

that

has

INSECTS

barrels

our

for

tight, strong

barrels, such

make

tight.

water

with

cover

Before

covering explosive, over for

ounces

to saucer

on a

Put

for the

as

in

blanket carbon

pour

a

insect

destruction, Get

purpose.

coal the

box

substantial

two

oil barrels, and

seed

to

gated, fumi-

be

and

cover. close-fitting bisulphide, which

is

grain, at the rate of 3 to 4 sirable deIf it is not of grain. 5 bushels this grain, set a poison on pour the poison in the saucer. it, and pour

small i

a

make

grain

utilized

GRAIN

IN

to

of seed

be

may

time

not

fumigation

blanket

by

merely taught,

are

like

gives

most

our

is

Richter.

"

one

Place

and

out

we

is

which

he

latter is

that

all

that

"

which

constitutes

What

KILLING If

other, that

work

must

nourishment.

selves.

the

Indeed,

It is that

nourishes

educations

two

two

valuable.

most

in

has

man

or

the

block 2

inches

near

the

saucer

higher, lay

to

hold

blanket

up

over

the

the

WORTH

barrel, and with

place

255

securely in place

cover

will

This

stone.

KNOWING

kill the

weevil

and

weight

in peas

and

beans.

BINDING

Every

PINS

FOR

HAY

have

moving hay ought to made in a binding pins. They are serve

shows of

down rope

excellent

an

sketch load

person

hay

into and

a

stretched

rope

The

straw.

or

the

load

turned

and

around

BINDING

is

tightly bound.

tied in end rope

the

and

handles

pin only the

be

may

manner

Nothing

shown

is

the

after

and the

The

small

pin

a

is worked

twisted until

in

the

the

is tied

to

Each the

load

the

other

used is

kept ing bind-

is

of. to

Periander.

a

fork One

bind

on.

impossible to industry."

3^

has

Old

them

fork

is

pin

end.

make

load

that

rope

one

a

of

top

HAY

OF

through thing to

made

lifetime. the

upright

is held. pressure is sharpened and

just the

are

and

over

other

horizontal

long. One ^-inch hole bored feet

the

a

a

minute

upright pin

LOAD

Then

of the

for

purpose

of

set

a

in

:256

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

DRAG

COMBINED

HARROW

AND

sists right. The front piece conof a 4 X 4 oak strip,b, lo feet long, through teeth about driven which 3 ordinary harrow are to the rear piece, a, inches apart. This is attached with leet long faced 10 is a 2 X 6 oak timber which

road

This

is all

drag

HARROWS

3

inches

of

projects I wooden

inch.

These

blocks, d,

upon

2x6.

each

strips,c,

it harrov\^s

as

it and

HOW

A

constantly farmers

needed

which

the

knots

may a

rope

may

often

plank

scrapes

it

for

be

the

at

useful

most

farm

the

with

be

put.

used

to

painting

or

the The

great other

road,

fine level

a

A

familiar

which

e,

are

makes

about

not

are

the

bottom,

kept apart by bolts, /, and by the top

pieces This

of the

one

the

on

HANDLE

TO

is

rope

sling

metal

^-inch

ONCE

AT

LEVELS

AND

time.

same

ROPE

articles ;

but

that

too

many

various

many to

uses

sailors^

advantage. purposes

are

To

make

WORTH

KNOWING

257

in Figure i, bringing the bight of rope as shown the plank, so as to prevent its entirely around rope down. Oneturning and throwing the workman half to ^-inch rope is usually sufficient for all practical A is more hemp generally purposes. rope a

used

and

stands

N?

wear

better

than

6 SOME

ROPE

HITCHES

other

kinds.

258 useful

A of

a

way

in

is shown

rope

the

sling a

to

way

is

vessel

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

can

Figure 2. so long

secure

pail from Prepared

or

the

as

end

the

in this is not

rope

the bottom. the knot Secure slipped off from firmly at the top to allow no slipping and so that the pail may become not lopsided. Scaffolding may often be erected by tying poles This ing in Figure 3. of lashsort together as shown will not a cases tight. In many slip if made chain shown in Figure 4, in which be used as may the weight should the side of the upbe on case right where

the

ings

must

be

any An

play,

which

chain

drawn

excellent

is lowest.

tight so as not to allow result disastrously. knot is shown in Figure 5,

may

hitch

the

on

In

This

the

drawing

liable

are

affixed, as

and

twine

notice.

as

ordinary

many

heavy

in

Figure

The

loose

TYING sailor

end be

SOME

of tied

the with

USEFUL

It does

strand.

hooks

are

unless 6.

knots

used

they

cord

a

turns

middle

will

the

is of quently fre-

chain.

is a very made

rope a

not

few

A

or

hang free or may drawing strand.

A

knot

unfastened

come

shown

for many is readily untied

valuable

light wire in the loosening of prevent any in Figure 7, ring hitch, shown safe method, which be may

heavy A

to

hard

where

cases

many

and

farm.

by slackening up become tight and after heavy usage.

lash^

of these

very

readilymade, easily loosened purposes

All

effective short

on

is allowed

slip knot

to

to

the

KNOTS

judges knots for their holding qualities and also their ability to be quickly unfastened, without regard to the strain they have been sub-

260 a

HANDY

the 3,

When

bow.

are

can

the

holding

4,

either almost

bends

anything, and The by none.

used

for infinite poses, purtying a bundle, the

be

can

be

of these

exceeded

are

powers

knot, Figure

square

rope

clove

or

is to

secured, hitch, Figures 2 and

a

importance, for instantly to

of great be attached

their

of

end

half-hitches

two

DEVICES

FARM

reefing a sail to properly, of resistingany advantage being, if made either be cord, and separating strain on yet can of the untied short immediately by pulling one from

ends. One

of the

Figure

best

and

safest

with 9, made until loosened

which,

slip knots

the

is shown

overhand

the

at

in

end,

its by the hand, maintains a rope grip. When requires shortening temporarily the sheep shank, Figure 8, affords of so a means doing. This knot can be applied to any part of the without reducing its strength of rectilineal rope tension. CARRYING

A

BARREL

In the cities the ash which

farmers

barrels

often

might

collectors make

rough handling. The four pieces of wood; inches whittled the

c, c,

An

one

nailed then

are a

and

shown

2

at

feet c, c,

form

in circular

10

pieces and

long

Handles

About

stand

not

of six

feet

2

width.

about

will

may

inches

long and 8 in figure.

so

as

4 be

from inches Pieces

to fit the

side out-

barrel.

old

pieces

cut

often

about

are

simple device, find handy, as

a

is made

of each.

end

as

device

and

end, boards

are

of

four

on

other

wide

thickness

in

and

use

dried, weak

become

EASY

MADE

cut

handle

wheel to

be

tire may fastened

pieces,as

at

be to

d.

straightened the

ends

These

and

of each are

then

four of the

riveted

261

KNOWING

WORTH

at d, d. The hinges as shown tire need be only long enough to fasten securely to should the handle pieces. Of course, the blacksmith be that drill holes in them, securely they may

together so

make

to

as

riveted. To

this device,

use

lifts

man

man

the

on

the

on

rear

barrel

jar

is then its

to

BARREL

CARRIER

handles.

Boards

lifted

contents

if all the

course,

size, the device barrels

The his

barrels could

headed

they upon

Ward

another

c,.c, close

up

do

duties.

not

better him

readily straining

All

come

made

be

could

up

cular in cir-

Beecher.

the

barrel.

the

rolled

hinges, and pieces c, c.

on

performance of ceptions, ideals, con-

higher motives, in

man

a

are

to

of

no

duties

ordinary

affairs

him

which of

if

account

strengthen

the

of

Of

of uniform

are

without

be

without

carried

farm

life is the

forward

discharge in

the

on

part of one's

best

daily

and or

sentiments, the

and

handles

front

two

One

barrel.

the

over

the lowest form, just beneath hoop round the of the barrel, and end cling tightly. The

upper

the

it

drop

for

devolve

life. "

Henry

262

HANDY

DEVICES

FARM

CLAMP

HARNESS The

drawing

accompanying

which

mender

harness

handy

represents who

anyone a

mer ham-

make

in

minutes.

It

can

few

use

can

and

saw

a

very

a

is made

of lumber

of the

dimensions

indicated

in

the

The drawing. clamp is tightened the worker by the sitting upon

seat, which

should

extend

least

at

feet

the

from

The

clamps. drawing

to

ter

shown base

extended

the

seat

from

the

left of the

will

device

in

not

that.

It

similar

a

tip over

too

right-hand corner through heavy wire run or

real

to

holes

to

The

easily.

than

bet-

be

so

manner,

length

have

the

that

the

joint at

the

hinged with twisted together

be

may

strap

and

a

would

the

twice

clamps

upper

underneath,

seat

doubtless

have

extended

with

shorter CLAMP

THE

shows

device

the

2

and

of

hinges

iron

may

be

attached.

provide much neglect to improve

who

They but those

who

them

to

feed the

horses

their

manage.

"

wealth them

for

in virtue, do

high,

Socrates.

their

but

never

dren, chillike train

twisting pipe off

for or

frayed out at put together the

around

that

wound

and

pipe

ends

turned,

so

the

over

around

continues

and

are

tightly

be

to

vice de-

is

ends, which

both

useful

a

its connections.

on

or

rope

new

first coil twists

the

loose

of

feet

4

WRENCH

illustrates

here

shown

drawing

Three

PIPE

FOR

SUBSTITUTE The

263

KNOWING

WORTH

ing three times, endor pipe, two in a loop, through which a bar of iron is slipped, to be used a as This lever. simple plan will be the

found

effective

very

is worth

a

A

trial.

able dur-

more

be made

by using PIPE TWISTER The instead of rope. loop be formed by closely twisting the ends of easier is rather with pincers. The rope wrench

wire can

wire

handle

may

because

who

regularly

direct

deliver

to

produce

haul

will

customers

described

They

value.

little effort CLIP

of

whip, or lettingthem such made

of the

as

shown

in

the

over

first

make

them.

the the

reins

time

and

cost

but

Instead

may

secured

the

about

dashboard,

sketch,

stiif fencing wire and the dashboard. or wagon

of

much

veniences con-

of much

be

and

to

market the

trouble

wrapping lie

to

find to

save

considerable

REIN

to

CONVENIENCES

WAGON

Farmers

the

flexible.

more

MARKET

or

ordinary

pipe wrench,

for the

requirements and

in

a

hook,

easily to

the

be

top

264 Other

Two of the

at

and

hooks

rain

home.

Another

or

will

a

the

at

drenching produce.

save

a

valuable

some

over

arranged

sides

an

is

convenience

stretched

be

would be umbrella, which shine, and never forgotten and

This

perhaps

DEVICES

may

hold

to

wagon

there

kept left

FARM

HANDY

a

frame

light board

of oilcloth

curtain

rear

time

some

and

hinged

at

"""frfKfrr

REAR

the top,

as

top will open,

rain

illustrated. to

serve

and while

SHADE

the

taking things

from

takes

butter

to

driver the

town

one

nine

farmer miles

away

must

from

buggy

a

be sun

left and

wagon.

TOWN

TO

BUTTER

refrigeratorthat

it

it, when

protect

it will

stays from

old

Two

support

CARRYING A

WAGON

FOR

uses

in

in hot

which

he

weather

WORTH

made

IS

thus

odorless the

wood,

other

the

other hold

to

9

the

12

them

pounds

box

in

leave

an

of

x

inches

13

block

in

of

each

Fasten

corner

the

covers

air space of about i inch The inner box will hold

nicely. It will carry day in 90-degree weather.

TO

SHARPEN

know

that

and

inside

one

butter all

some

deep,

Slip

deep.

place.

all around.

in wagon

you

15 inches

notched

a

to

as

clean, tight boxes x

10

x

inside

between

Do

one

with

so

solid

two

12

x

together 20

Get

:

:^65

KNOWING

butter

SCISSORS can

you

sharpen scissors,and over glass jars? Take are trying to cut it you

easily,by passing the blades bottle or jar,make believe a (have one blade in and the other outside of the top of the bottle) and then the scissors to glide allow off the hard surface naturally, just as if you were trying to cut the glass. Use firm but not too hard and repeat the operation several times. pressure, HOW If

a

TO has

room

off all the

loose

and

loosen

water as

even

only

little

a

quickly. Then, which

of

the

it rather

papered,

room

a

thin, and

coat

glue, three or fuls dissolved in a pail of boiling water. and is applied with a large brush allowed to dry overnight. is made

moving re-

smooth,

a

been

never

sponge

walls,

have

to

tear

large cracks and holes whiting and water, or plaster When using the latter, mix

time, have

give of

has

a

the

on as

times,

with

and

remains

room

water. at

several

fill all

it and

made

can

you

possible,so

If the

ROOM

A

papered

what as

surface.

a

been

parts

much

first go over with a paste of paris and

PAPER

common

of

use

sizing,

four

hand-

The

ing siz-

should

be

266

HANDY

FARM

Choose For such

as

sunny

HANGING

While

for dark

yeilows

Judiciously

rooms, blues, greens and

very

are

rooms

best.

When

DEVICES

select

papers cool-looking

browns

in

variouf shades;

WALLPAPER

pinks, reds, terra

selecting papers

cottas

pay

and

car"'

268

FARM

HANDY

plenty

of clean

rags, two each about

boards,

clean

DEVICES

barrels, two long, smooth, inches wide, and a steplo

ladder. Make about

8

table

long

a or

9

feet

by

and

apart

the

placing

two

of

top

on

barrels these

the

boards.

Cutting

and

Trimming

ber numthing to do is to cut the necessary of strips of paper long enough to allow for all face downward waste in matching, and lay them the on on operating table, one top of the other. Next the top or 'first spread the paste evenly over the edges to have strip of paper, being very sure well bottom turn pasted. Then parts top and down, bringing pasted sides together, so that they of the paste part is exposed, and none meet, and side, with one large, carefully trim off edge on and Lift up the part thus trimmed sharp scissors.

The

first

"

"

folded, and have where wall

the

mount

been intend

you

is

space

ladder, which

take

"

best,

hold

viously pre-

to the placed convenient place to begin operations the largest to

next

the

Hanging Now

should

of the

a

door

or

window.

Paper

top end

which

was

doubled

weight) and (it will open and hang by its own Then, with adjust to its proper place on the wall. a hand, rub downward, large clean rag in your to never keep or sideways, and take great care up the edge straight. If you find that you^didn't start and do it over straight from the top, loosen paper is needed to do the work again. A straight eye neatly. Don't rub too hard and always rub downover

"

"

WORTH

ward, doing

little part

a

that

occasionally, so it.

When

the

269

KNOWING

at

a

time, and

air bubbles

no

the

When

wall.

and

smooth, trim

are

covered, and

left under

are

part is done, dismount

upper

the folded ladder, undo part at width, and proceed in the same to

liftingpaper

are

you

the

bottom

of to

manner

it is

sure

from

on

the

adjust straight

board. sharp knife along the baseThen smoothing by give the strip another it again with a going all over dry, clean brush. Proceed in this way until all the full length parts and

over

below be

must

with

a

then

match

windows

and

done

with

Practical

great

in

the

doors.

small All

the

spaces

ing match-

care.

Economical

and

are nice, Wainscoting in living or dining rooms' small there are and very practical,especiallywhere children. For this purpose pensive burlap, or the less exin wood-grain that come dark, heavy papers used imitation are good. Matting is sometimes wooden A with narrow good effect, too. very molding is used to finish the top of the wainscoting, of papering the side walls and in that case the work is so much easier, the lengths being short.

THE

blacksmith

A on

a

essential

shop

To

farm.

live

as

SHOP

BLACKSMITH

FARM

those

is of immense have

who

stock, farm

one

tools

practicalvalue it

and

is almost crops.

as

One

The professionalblacksmith. pering elementary practice in welding, upsetting and temlittle practice. Nor with a is easily learned entire equiptools. An ment to have is it necessary many

does

not

may

need

cost

to

be

but

a

a

few

dollars.

270 old

An after and

do

can

should

In of

heat

much

as

the

with

obtained

be

article

work

the

can

anyone with

real

the

as

ease

of

it almost

blacksmith. farmer

himself,

made

he

that

forge

welding point

to

Ohio

an

satisfied

With

iron

But

The

ease.

start.

regular

a

anvil.

an

is better

one

small

any

for

greater

the

at

equipment

tongs

do

rail will

railroad

getting

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

are

other

two

pair

a

tongs

pinchers picked up in a junk and sledge from a hired shop. He got the hammer anvil worked who had in a car man shop. The both from the junk shop, and and vise also came in good repair. These cost $8, the hammer were and forge, sledge, $1.15, and an old, second-hand $1.80. Not a large outlay to be sure, but a w^ise the cost expenditure. If purchased at first hand would be greater, but cheap at any price when you consider what of making and do in the way can you tools. repairing with such a list of blacksmith and

a

In

large pair

addition

of

the

to

list this

above

Frank

man,

Ruhlen, has chisels,pinchers,fullers and other small he has made of old pieces out tools, all of which of

taken

steel

figuring and make

the

very

small

from

old

planning just

greater

for

cost

Ruhlen

replace the

the

do

so.

But

also.

Last

the

field

to

feed

at

a

labor.

not

ways,

that

and

and

I could

it does

trips to

severe

tools

own

can

winter

blacksmith

many

so

farmer

little,any

started to not shop was shop ; and it v/illnever for repair work, it and It is helpful in other sudden ice spell came a

saves

on,

his

By

Shop Pays

My

says:

town

a

materials

Why Mr.

of

part

machines.

worn-out

the

serve

town.

flock.

get the

Only

one

horses

to

out

thing

was

WORTH

possible: to

have

horses.

it

walk

But

and

do

the

lead

KNOWING

2/1

sharpened shoes put a disagreeable trip

was

horses

the

to

town;

so

the

on

ahead

to

I decided

to

set a shoe myself. I had never self, mybut that trip before The me quickly decided. horses were brought into the shop, the old shoes pulled off and sharpened, and within an hour the I gone done. Had for the town to feeding was it would work have ing, required time going and comfor my and then, maybe a long wait ahead turn at the shop. Last I sharpened the the shoes on corn year each. both cultivators, six shovels planter, and had it out vWe wore a steel point or shear, and never and then it was to shop but once, to get a new nose or point. I do not try to put steel points on anything, for who work it is too as particular anyone A something breaks. just picks tools up when most is a luxury on farms, because sharp harrow

the

work

smith

average

and

enough, And

I

harden had

do

the

one

in

farm

tools

works

in

the

with

hard too they are smoothing sharpened my

commenced

it

on

all the

harrow

is

land,

sharper

paid $1.50 never

use

before

chain on

we

the

at a

dull

had

hooks,

open

rainy days.

I make

of my

a

days.

not

crop

now

for

shop

hard

my

the

the

can

who

has

farmer

is

learns

soon

I

enough.

before last year used of 64 acres, than

more

than

farmer as

out

smith

average

harrow

some

on

few

tools, and

or

corn

our

on

the

good as a tempering,

as

when

we

a

teeth

draw

the

believe

not

who

not

dull

are

experience

some

the

they

does

and

my who neighbor's,

same

once,

work.

We

did as we pick now chains, making forge. Welding rings, clevises, are all easy to do

mattock

I could

shop.

not

or

tell all the

different

uses

272

HANDY

Blacksmithing i do

the

chores

for hired

them

Not

in the

work

in,for the

DEVICES'

FARM

Man's

Hired

Work

shop myself, fiading other

men.

You

reason

that

afford

cannot

break

to

they

leave and soon may would be for nothing.

teaching and trouble By doing the work myself, I have learned a little of it,and each more acquired the knack year, have is to be done. Had we really enjoy doing what had a shop when I was a boy all of the repair work done could have been at by the boys, and I would all the

the

needs

own

My

have

time

same

farm.

It pays gradually add hammer I in

and

shop, to

the

other

tools

as

did

and

slowly,

Get

small

a

you

is all in favor

well.

for

hammer.

Start

splendid training for

my;

now.

experience

claw

had

of the

time

not

equip

the

on

forge first,and you

before

some

shop

my

getting shop all

used

a

a

smith's

at

once.

gradually, learn the shop will develop itself. Get a of its help will believe in it because way,

build

I

can.

then

up

you.

HORSESHOE

'A

handy be

may

end

of

2

a

X

extend

about

timber.

A

more

by cutting form

of

selected

calks.

a

barrels or prying up boxes the on by nailing an old horseshoe ends of the horseshoe 4, lettingthe inch or two an beyond the end of the

lever

made

LEVER

for

finished

device

may

be

constructed

the

to part of the lever down upper should rounded handle. A horseshoe

with

fairlylong

and

well-sharpened

the be

heel

WORTH

KNOWING

HORSESHOE

HOW

TO

Remove from

all

after the

tin

and

to

to

goods to only the with

best

other

roof is

Use

the

Paint

do

of

oxide

oil all raw,

litharge only

allow

not

plate with tin paint the finished the coating. Use

of

brown

ately immedi-

base

and

rust,

substances

loose

finished;

coat

or

ROOFS

clean.

oxidation

red

linseed

boiled.

and

prevent

prevent

pure

TIN

you

"

TOOIJ

A

PAINT

have

laying rust

lead

FOR

rosin

and

seams

273

half

or as

iron, mixed and

raw

drier.

a

half

Litharge

makes

hard that when to coating, so paint adhere Don't it off. thoroughly dry you cannot use scrape turpentine or patent driers. any brushes and rub in Apply all paint with hand This is very well. important. Don't put paint on thick

"

rubbed roof

in, stand

second second not or

coat

one

have three

to

than

weeks Six

coat.

put

years.

a

on

paint

well, and

covers

better

is

two

coat

that

to

a

or

third

coat.

more

much

put

month

months

roof

Too

three

on

thoroughly thick.

before so

than

paint

is

after

After

Let

applying applying

this you

da

two every injuresa tin roof* once

well

paint well stirred in. By following

have

a

Keep

put

up;

for

their

to

woodwork.

is then

wood

is left for

upon When

the

of

then

in

heated

agreeable dis-

permanent,

a

and

reimmersed

size wood

the in

The

depending of the pieces of wood. until dry, is stacked time

borax

of the

solution

weaker

a

borax,

Fahrenheit.

hours, the

12

or

out,

degrees

212

of

solution

saturated

a

to

10

density

taken

ornamental

sulphates discolor the wood. from for keeping wood decay. mersing in imconsists it is simple, and

wood

which

objections,

are

The

preparation the

tive effec-

iron, are

or

flooringsor

leaves

Creosote

is excellent

The

for

use

smell. Borax

of copper There wood.

preserving

however,

years.

sulphate

or

will

you

WOOD

PRESERVING

Creosote,

rub

and

thin

on

directions

these

last many

will

that

roof

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

274

again, and are then ready for structible Boards thus use. prepared are practicallyindefrom are nearly incombustible. rot, and Another part preservative is a compound of one for

a

brief time, dried

silicate wood

of

for

several

time

and

of

days,

mentioned

soaked

painted

mixture.

in the

Thus

ground,

and

with

twice and

water-cement

water

pure

the

"

24 hours, then dried second dried and a

solution

then

afterward

part

one

decay

in the

remain

to

of

three

and

potassa

of

four

prepared, will be

mixture

a

the

it

first-

will

not

incombustible

out

of it. Another

by of

for

preventing decay

paint which possesses It being impervious to water. use

of

process

the

a

parts of tar, 500

is

parts of fine white

of wood

is

advantages

composed

of 50

sand,

parts

4

2^6

FARM

HANDY

manufacture

of with

saturated remain

potash

the

to

weather.

WOOD

RENDER

FIREPROOF

woodwork Rendering the against catching fire can be and

cost,

with

with

potash has

a

They become' inside and yellov^rish rot.

never

alkali, turn

the

impervious TO

DEVICES

of done

little trouble.

nearly dried, apply as

neutral

the

of

of

coats

work wood-

silicate

possible,and two

secure

insignificant

an

solution

as

or

one

at

Saturate

delicate

very

houses

when

of

this

stronger

a

solution. Another a

method

act

well, but

as

renders

the

ravages

of insects. the

simply of

solution

concentrated

will

is

wood

wood

soak

to

rock

the

salt.

it is

expensive. proof against dry

in

Water-glass The

salt also and

rot

Still another

method

saturated

solution

a

with

wood

the

is to of

merse im-

borax,

heat

being gradually applied until the solution reaches It is then left for 212 degrees Fahrenheit. and size ID 12 hours, according to the nature or wood.

of the

WASH

FIREPROOF A sand

FOR of

preparation composed or

wood

the

roof

fire from

ashes, put 50 per

The

older

expense

against and

more

fine

lime, salt and like whitewash,

more

falling cinders,

vicinity. It pays the preserving influence weather.

cent

on

SHINGLES

secure

in a

case

against

ing tak-

of fire in the

hundredfold

the

ders ren-

effects

weather-beaten

in its of

the the

benefit derived. Such shingles,the more shingles less warped, rough and or more generally become cracked; the applicationof the wash, by wetting

KNOWING

WORTH

277

them at once to their surface, restores originalform, thereby closing up the space between the shingles, and the lime and sand, by filling up

the

upper

the

cracks

and

in the

pores

shingle itself, prevents

warping. WOOD

PETRIFIED

Mix

salt, rock alum, white equal parts of gem and Peebles' After the vinegar, chalk powder. mixture becomes wood or quiet, put into it any

HOW

Boiling

small

the

out

one-tenth

has

fallen, will

will

not

up

and

drop

exhausted

be

all the

sap

month

to

a

the

part of

wood

a

to

darken

be

done

it is

of the

the

leaves

have

tree.

drawn

The

time to

more

WOOD feasible

bleach

to

small

a

surface, especiallyin repairing,than wood

acid

in

ounce

leaf

every

weather.

a

I

nearly

weeks, according

six

larger portion of the by brushing over

of

ing tak-

felled in full leaf lie until

to

BLEACHING Sometimes

shrinks

Trees

will

process

nearly dry, as themselves until they

off

required is from the dryness of

the

"

which

wood,

allowed

then

wood

non-resinous

operation.

July, and

or

like stone.

WOOD

five hours

or

of the

in the

June

of

pieces

in four

sap

latter becomes

SEASON

TO

them

season

in

the

substance, and

porous

oxalic

the

work. a a

This

solution

pint

of

can posed com-

water,

then few minutes and a wiping letting it remain be repeated if necessary. dry. The operation may A few drops of nitric ether, or a quarter of an of tartaric acid, will assist the operation; or ounce

2y8 solution

hot

a

FARM

HANDY

Lemon

alone. Cut

the

the

wood.

When

tartaric

of

juice will in half

lemon

the

DEVICES

also

and

has

bleaching

acid whiten

rub

been

be

may

the

done

woods.

most cut

used

face

upon

the

wood

and

dry, give a thin coat of shellac or French polish, the bare wood the light and air acting upon will as bring back the original color. If the wood obstinately resists bleaching, it may be lightened by mixing a little fine bismuth white, flake white ball white or (the cleansing balls sold by druggists) with the shellac, and give it a thin is

This

coat. or

obscures

as

the

whitens, but the

and

grain

Rub

evenly and

is,therefore, not

oil and

the

wood

will and The on

a

the

fixed

pumice grain is cut boiled

seed lin-

POLISH

of

vinegar, mix, This arabic a finely powdered. make look almost furniture as good as new be easily applied, as it requires no can rubbing. be shaken, and the polish poured bottle should rag and applied to the furniture. equal parts pint of gum

SIZE

By

good

piece of

a

rising of the take powdered tripoliand polish to a bright surface. until

FURNITURE

add

so

POLISH

over

water

then

down;

Take

deadens

method. bleaching: ^fc"

WOOD

stone

somewhat

it also

the in

aid of size

glue

stains.

oil and

sweet

STAINS

in the

They

solution, the are

colors

employed

for

are

the

WORTH

purpose

of

woods,

such

giving as

and

ordinary

are

walnut,

a

KNOWING

color

a

2/9?

chairs, bedsteads

bookcases.

The

mahogany,

work

cheap

to

and

in

tables

common

colors

soft

usually wanted

cherry color,

oak

and

even

rosewood. For

Mahogany

For

Rosewood

Dissolve

pound of glue in a. gallon of water, and stir in ^ pound Venetian red, and chrome 34 pound yellow, or yellow ocher. Darken with the red and lighten with yellow, as desired. If the Venetian ficiently not red does give a suflook dark put in a pinch of lampblack. Apply hot. yellow,

and

instead then

of add

"

Same

"

the

parts of the

rosewood.

put with

latter

put

omitting the red (or more)

mahogany,

using % pound Venetian Give coat one ^ pound. pinch, or lampblack, one

color; with For

as

i

the

in

of

this

more,

to

figure or

and the dark

gallon of glue size (as above) umber. burnt Lighten % pound powdered yellow (chrome or ocher), if need be. Hot. Oak

In

"

a

White walnut

woods

potassa.

Some

rapidly, while

be

may

by painting warm

STAIN

WOOD

DARK

or

given sponging

solution kinds

of

of wood

require more by decomposed

the

appearance with them a

time.

others

centrated con-

of

permanganate become

of

stained The

manganate per-

fiber; woody is deposited, which brown peroxide of manganese be removed afterward by washing with water. may will be varnished, and The dry, may wood, when to resemble closely the natural dark be found very is

woods.

the

280

HANDY

RED

Boil

three

or

red

is

FOR

Brazil

is desired, boil

the

and

alum

dry, burnish

in water,

thoroughly Then give the

cloth.

a

WOOD

wood

till it is the

coats,

dissolved

DEVICES

STAIN

chopped it through

strain

FARM

shade

wood

in

the

If

wanted.

two

deep

a

in which

water

When

quicklime.

it with

wood

the

burnisher

last and

is coat

then

varnish.

GLUE

LIQUID Dissolve

pound of best glue add i pint of vinegar. I

and

water,

in It

i^^ pints of is ready for

use.

CEMENT Take

2

FOR

i

of

ounce

an

of

ounces

it with

mix

METAL

a

thick

solution

of linseed-oil

ounce

of

and

glue,

half

varnish, and

the

turpentine;

pure

GLASS

AND

whole

is then

boiled

The bodies two together in a close vessel. should be clamped and held together for about two to days after they are united to allow the cement become then be removed. dry. The clamps may CEMENT

BROKEN

FOR

Stir plaster of paris into arabic with

till it becomes a

parts

brush

i^'hite water,

the

thick

viscous

fractured

solution

paste.

edges, and

of gum

Apply draw

it

the

closely together.

CEMENT

Take

to

a

a

CHINA

FOR

CROCKERY

AND

GLASS

pounds of white glue, ij4 pounds lead, j^ pound of isinglass,i gallon of alcohol, and i "^ pint of quart 4

of

dry

of soft white

varnish.

put the

in the

alcohol

glue

if

heat

by gentle

water

the

Dissolve

28r

KNOWING

WORTH

isinglass in

and

preferred,stir and

varnish

the

mix

lead,

the

in

the

whole

together. GLASSWARE

MENDING

be easily glassware may Fit the pieces in their proper follows: mended as to the vessel keep places and tie a string around boil the entire Then the parts from slipping out. Broken

for

dish will

and

dishes

two

three

or

firmly glue with

for years

the

in

hours

vessel

will

china, and

care.

proper

CEMENT

to

a

strongly

variety

pieces

unite

polished steel,and

even

of

it will last

together and

ARMENIAN

This

This

milk.

sweet

useful

purposes. each the

six bits of gum mastic, rectified spiritsof in as much

of

glass be

may

wine

as

a

applied five

Dissolve size of

and

or

large pea, will

suffice

vessel, dissolve liquid; and, in another in much as isinglass,previously a little softened be used), in of the water must water (though none twowill make a French as brandy or good rum, small vial of very ounce strong glue, adding two which must bits of gum galbanum of ammoniacum, Then be rubbed or ground till they are dissolved. with a sufficient heat. mix the whole Keep the glue it is to be used in a vial closely stopped, and when set the vial in boiling water. to

render

it

JAPANESE

powdered rice with a cold water, then gradually add boiling water consistence is acquired, being para proper

Thoroughly little until

CEMENT

mix

the

best

282

DEVICES

FARM

HANDY

ticularlycareful to keep it well be boiled for one lastly it must earthen or pipkin. saucepan almost

for

transparent,

adapted

for

all the

minute This

which

in

glue

time

which

;

clean

a

is

white,

it is

reason

work,

paper

colorless

and

strong

fancy

stirred

well

requires

a

cement.

PREPARATION

ROOFING

pint of fine sand, 2 of sifted wood-ashes, and 3 of lime ground up with oil. Mix thoroughly, and lay on with a painter's brush, first a thin coat, This composition is not only and then a thick one. cheap, but it strongly resists fire. Take

i

KINDLERS

FIRE

Take

them,

bring

much

sawdust,

worked

be

when

of

quart

i

to

in ;

cold

a

tar

3

of resin, melt

pounds

mix

with

added,

as

cooling temperature,

with

a

spread

break

and

up

large hickory nut, and

little charcoal while

out

into

hot of

lumps have,

you

at

a

a

upon

small

can

board,

size

the

as

of

a

expense,

They will enough kindling year. and burn with a strong easily ignite from a match wood that is fit blaze, long enough to start any for

material

one

burn.

to

PIPES

MENDING

Many where A

the

lead

making the

farmers

pipe an

minutes

which

could has

had not

be

been

excavation, for

in

repairingpipes shut off conveniently. off accidentally in cut

trouble

instance,

following plan : The are plugged, and then a ice and salt are placed around the water in the pipe will

by pipe

broken

water

have

the

ON

WATER

WITH

may two

small them be

be

paired re-

of

ends

pile ; in

of

five

frozen, the

284

HANDY

hot,

as

if the

or

trifle hotter

a

surfaces

of

union

heat

fluid, but

simply

between

at

the

must

the

fluid and

steel is

metal

into

tion condi-

a

plastic.

GRINDING All

first

piece. Then,, the parts are brought gree satisfactory.The debe, not to produce a

be

bring

to

the

when

will

aimed

DEVICES

than

clean

are

the

together,

FARM

TOOLS of individual

composed

fibers

running lengthways in the bar and held firmly together by cohesion. In almost all farm implements of the cutting kind the steel portion which forms the edge, if from

section

a

lengthwise, fibers

of

that

so

hammered

it is the

and

tools,

as

in such

a

that

manner

right angles with holding the edge the

stone, so

to

as

of

the of

the

present

edge,

this

or,

tools

ends

all

stone

is to

will

instead

edgeis at

by

say,

the

across

square

fibers

the

the

strawcutters,

of the

action

of

forms

grindstone of

bar

bundle

that

knives

and the

the

direction

the

on

scythes

axes,

down

the

to

of the

side

ground

So, by holding

edge.

bar, is welded

a

be

of the

changed, side

a

as

cutting edge. By grinding in this manner finer, a smoother edge is set, the tool is ground in less time, holds an edge a great deal longer, and is far less

liable

Plane

35

to

irons

degrees

chisels

nick

should chisels

"

Tools

hard for

inclination and

for

wood,

are

working to

the

cutting gun

80 to 90.

break.

to

be

ground

and

gouges

sometimes

may

Molding tools, such very

and

out

as

used

are

made

at

iron

and

edge

of

and

in

run

from steel

from

similar

to

a

to an

for 50 are

60

level

of about

Turning angle of 45. ivory and for to 60 degrees. 30.

beveled to

metal

70

at

an

degrees,

range

from

INDEX

Page Angles, Angles,

Measuring Plotting Mounting

Anvil, Anvil, Ax

34

Carrier,

Yoke

35

Cart

Stock

246

Rail

10

Handle,

How

to

15

Secure

B Holder

Bag

Balance

110,

111 107

Weighing

for

Page Carrier, Barrel

A

for

163 91

Gate

Catch,

181

Catcher, Pig Outdoor Cellar, Concrete Cellar, Temporary Cellar Shelf, Revolving for Cellar Stairs, Hint Concrete Cellar Wall,

BamDriveway

115

Cement

Barn

200

Cementing

Plans

260

Round

198

Cements

for

202

Bam

Stairs

105

Cement, Cement,

Mixing Special

Bam

Truck

Barrel

Carrier

Barrel

Coolers

Barrel

Coop

Barrel

Cradle

Barrel

Hoop

Barrel

Trellis

Plant with

Bars

Holder

Support

Chain

108

Cheese

Making

260

Cheese

Press

Chicken

46

Chicken

Coop, Coop,

132

Chicken

Fountain

for

Bin

Vegetables

Power

Pins

for

Grain Bins, Bin, Hinged Blacksmith

Grain Farm

Wood Bleaching Boxed Stone Boat, for Bolts, Use Box

Clothes

foi

Bex

for

Potatoes

Box

for

Tying

Box

Wheelbarrow

Brace

Rule

Bread

Cutting

Board

Brooder,

House

Small Bridge, Btiilding, House. Derrick Butchering Butchering Rig Butter Wagon Refrigerator Butter

Worker

Closet

255

Calf

Cutter

Stanchions

Camping

Tent

Cans,

Scoops

for

280

Closet,

66

Articles

Toilet

for

230 262

76

Outdoor

63

Clothes

Box

Clothes

Horse

109

Clothes

Line

108

Cold

269

Concrete

Anvil

Foundation

246

277

Concrete

Block

Machine

218

157

Concrete

Blocks

16

Concrete

Cellar

48

Concrete

Mixing

97

48

76 Elevator

75

Frames

140

217 Wall

225 216

Floor

Concrete

229

Concrete

On

Concrete

Outdoor

23

Concrete

Reinforced

the

Farm

214

227

Cellar with

Wood.

231

59

Concrete

Reinforcement

123

Concrete

Smokehouse

229

124

Concrete

Walk

230

160

Cooker,

189

Cooler

100

Cooler,

98

264 51

Tank

243

Well

in

62,64

Water.

60 120

Barrel

Coop, Coop, Coop, Coop,

224

121

Box Portable

Chicken

123

Trap

Door

121

Corn

Crib,

Wire

211

114

Com

87

Com

Drying Husking

C

Cabbage

118

112

240

Brooder

Roosts Cement

129

248 Fleece

123 118

Cistern Wall, Cementing Harness Clamp, Well Cleaning a

72

Shop,

121

China

55

for Hay

Box Portable

181 127

Bicycle Binding

Chicken

126

...

130

Husking

231

52

120

Hives Extractor

223

for

Uses

52

Catcher

Feeder

Com

Brick

87

Chicken

Bee

Bench,

280

for

Tie

60

Bee

Beeswax

195 230

Mending

109

72

Horseshoe

82 225

Wall

Cistern

Small

Windlass

74 77

House

Block

Bam, Barn,

Bam

105 227

171 49

Cottage CowStaU

Plans

Rack Rack

236 112

193 84

INDEX

286

^^^"

Page Cow Stanchions Out to Stake Cows, How for Stalls Kicking Cows, Cradle, Barrel

Cutter, Feed Cutter, Seed Cutter, Root

Garden

Garden

88

Gate, Adjustable Wire Gate, Balanced Gate Gate

142

Gate, Gate, Gate, Gate,

Pole

Glass Glass

Cement in Doors

248 113 114

Cutter, Vegetable

161 100 154 160 67

Derrick, Carcass Hay Derrick, Portable Ditching Scraper for Pump Dog Power Door Fastener, Stall

186 184

Fasteners. Latch for Doors, Glass Panels for Latch Double Doors, Combined Drag and Harrow Door Door

188

Drinking Drinking Drogue Dumb

Fountain

for Chicks.

Fountain,

Poiiltry

Waiter

E Euclid, 47th Problem Extractor, Solar Wax F Fastener, Stall Door for Doors Fasteners Basket Feed Box Feed Feed Box, Partitioned Cutter Feed Feed Hopper, Poultry Rack Feed Feed Rack, Portable for Bees Feeder Fence, Movable Fence, Over Stream Reel Wire Fence Filter Filter for Cistern Fire Alarm Fire Kindlers Fire Ladder

Fireproofing Shingles. Fleece Tying Box Floating Fence Floor, Concrete to Lay Floor, How in Barrel Rack Folding Table Cooler Food Fruit Picker Fruit Sorting Table to Haul Fuel, How Seed Grain Fumigating

Flowers Fodder

Furniture

Polish

of....

Catch

Adjustable

Hanger,

Wire

and

SHding

182

Suspended

180-

44

Glue,

Liquid

Grain Grain

Bins

175 250 280 .

44

Box, Hinged Grain, Killing Insects

118

117 159 37

32 129

186 184

83 84 93

112 116

95 96

130 183 182 155 70 68 80

282 82

276 97 182 229

213 72 164 50 60 148 151

110, 111 208.

284 9

H

24^'

Pulling

Hammer,

Clamp Harness and Drag Combined. Harrow Derrick Hay Pins Bmding Hay to Scare How Hawks, .

Hawk Heat

.

.

262 256 154 255

=

.

.

.

.

126 126

Trap Trap

145

for for Hotbed

Hawks,

138

S7

Heater, Lamp Heating Water Hen

99

125

House

256

Rope

Hitches, Hives, Bee Rig Hog Butchering Movable Hog House,

127

Hog Pens Hog Trough, Partitioned Sack Holder, Grain Trellis Hoop Basket Horse, Feed Horse

Feed

110,

Box

Horse, Folding Horse, Shaving Horseshoes Horseshoe

Hotbed, Hotbed,

House, House.

.

Permanent

Hotbed, House

for Bars Lever for Heat to Make How

Building, Hints

for

Block Cem.ent Plans for

Houses.

Hog

98 102 104 102 111 131 83 84 1212 181 272 138 136 137 189 195 190 104

.

I Ice House Ice House Ice Molds

168

254 278

in

Rig

Grindstone

41 ...

280 109' 108 254

Holder Sack Grain Greenhouses Grinding Tools

185 256

Dresser

179' 17S 181 178 176 177

Turnstile Wheel with Gate Box Germination

D Dam

Stool

248 126 112

Potato

144

92 46

Crate, Vegetable to Scare Crows, How Cultivator. Hand

G

86

Jack, Log Jack, Wagon

and

Milk

House....

204 207 233.

170 238

.

287

INDEX

Page K Kettle

241 282 39 43 258

Tripod Fire Cabinet Cabinet at How to Tie

Kindlers, Kitchen Kitchen

Knots,

Window

L Wheels Ladder, Place for Truss Ladder, Heater Lamp Land Measure Lantern Hanger Latch, Door Latch for Double Doors Lawn Mower Feed Cutter. Level, Homemade for Rooms Light, More Liquid Glue Ladder

151 82 150 57 167 106

on

......

14 44

280 164 169

170 244 168 20

Rule

M Mail Box, Trolley Market Conveniences. Wagon Measure, Land

Measuring Medicine

Angles

and

Milking Miter Mold

Combined

88,

Box

I

Chain

71 263 167

89, 90 24

for Concrete Molds, Ice

Neck

.

76 282 283 207

Pipes

Houses Stool

.

34

Closet

Mending Water Metal Welding Milk

.

Blocks

N for Cattle

Nests, Trap

221 233

119

I

Octagon

Scale Old Oaken Bucket Outdoor Closet

Poiiltry Coop Box Poultry Feed Runners Poultry House on Power for Pump Ptoller,Post Lantern Pulley-Hung Pulling Stumps for Pump, Dog Power Pxomp Platform, Ventilated

23 232 63

Rack. Rack

Com Fodder tor Com

': Petrified Wood "i Picker, Fruit Plans, Bam Plans for Cottage Plans for House Plant Protector Platform for Pump Porch, Vine-Covered Preserving Wood Pig Net Pipe Twister ,

Plotting Angles Plow, Snow il Pole and Wire Gate

Husking Hauling

112 164

Rack,

236 95

Rack Rack Rack

38 235

Feed Hanging for Milking Stool for Preserves for Seed Corn Feed Rack, Portable for Hens Rack, Water Out to Lay Rafters, How Reel, Clothes Boat Reel, Wire on Wheels Reel, Wire on

90

96

117 28

76 156 155

Refrigerator Rein Clip Reinforced

64

Concrete

Reservoir,

Storage to Figure. Right Angles, How Roller, Road to Handle Rope, How Roof, PaintingTin Roofing Preparation

...

Roosts, Folding Cutter, Saw

Root Round

263 224 167 32 158 256 273 282 118 113

Bam

198

Saw

Horse

Seasoning Seed Seed Seed Seed

273 265 277 148 200

193 190

134 65 213 274 105 263 35 241

176

1 70 277 234 250

Wood Rack

Cora Com Potato Sower

Testing Cutter

248 162

Seed, Watering Run to Scissors, How

P

Painting Tin Roof Papering a Room

67 65

R

Rack,

Separator, *

166

S 87

o i

278 165 249 246 121 116 124 67 165 106

Post Puller Potato Cutter Potato Sorter

188

185 112

Loading Rig Logging Bob Log Jack Log Water Trough Logging, Rig for Lumber

Page Polish, Furniture

144

by Tread Sharpen

Scraper, Ditching Scoops from Tin Cans Sharpening Scissors Horse Shaving Sheep Fence, Movable Sheep Feed Trough Covered Sheds, Straw Shelf, Revolving Shelter,

Plant

Shingles, Preserving Size Stains

Skidway Slatted

Stall

Slaughter House Concrete Smokehouse, Device Smoking

Power

56 265 160 49

265 12

183 94 94 77 134 275 278 169 88 99 229 243

288

INDEX

Page Snow

Plow Solder, How

214

17

Make

to

16

Soldering Sorter, Potato

246

Sorting

151

Sowing

162

Table Machine to True Square, How Square, the Steel Stall for Cows Stains, Wood Stair Stringer, How to Stairs, Barn Stock Staking Out

26

84 279

Lay

Out.

30 .

105 92 86

Stanchions for Calves Steel Square, Use of Stock Cart Stone Boat, Boxed Stool, Garden

87 19 91

157 144

88. 89, 90

Stool, Milking

90

Rack Stove, Fence Stool

Around to Straight Edge, How Straw-Covered Sheds Fence Across Stream,

Pulling Stump Rule Surveving,

47 Make.

28 ...

94

183 166

for

33

Gate Suspended Swinging Sheep Trough

182 94

Folding Fruit Sorting

Table, Tank

Heater

Camping Testing Seed Tent,

Tool Grinding Needed Tools

Transplanting Trap for Owls Hawk Trap Nests Power Tread Trees, How

Workshop Large Tree

for

50 151 243 171 250 284 7 146

145 126

Trap,

for Separator to Move

119 56 146

Tree, Transplanting Trellis, Folding Trellis, Barrel Hoop

147

for Beans Trellis, Iron Hoop

133 131 134 71 94

132 132

Trellis

Trellis, Self-Supporting Mailbox Trolley Trough, Sheep

Trough,

Partitioned

72 213

W

Wagon Jack Market Wagon, Walk, Concrete Wall, Cementing Wall to Hang Paper, How Pedal Machine, Washing Water Bottle, Poultry. Water Water Water Water Water

Cooler Filter Filter

Hog

for

Cistern

102

,

...

Cooler How to Clean Wheelbarrow Wheelbarrow Sheep Trough Gate Wheel Barn Windlass, Windlass for Butchering Wire Gate Wire Reel Boat on Wire Reel Wheels on Wire Splicer Wire Tightener Wood Bleaching Wood Fireproofing

Well,

Wood, Wood, Wood, Wood

H

171

62, 64 66 239

96 174 108 98 176 156 155 13 155 277 276 168

Hauling How to Split Petrified Polish

Wood, Wood,

Preserving Seasoning Wood Splitter The Farmer's Workshop, Bit-Stock Wrench,

245 277 278 274 277 245 7 11

Y

93

180

68

99 Heating for Butchering Pipes, Mending 282 Rack for Hens Watering 117 Seed Watering 144 Water 167 Storing Water 77 Supply for House Water Trough 244 15 Wedge Staple Balance 107 Weighing Lifter 237 Weight Metals 283 Welding Well Frontispiece

109 26

for Barn Truing the Square Tub Feed Box Ttimstile Gate Truck

Power

238 263 230 230 265 55 117 60 70

Well

T

Table,

98

19

Swinging

Stanchions,

Vat, Butchering Vegetable Storage Bin Vine-Covered Veranda,

Yoke

Crate

Carrier

^^

163

,

'

'