Hydrometeorological-hazards-and-disaster

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS AND DISASTER

Hyrdometeorological hazard Is a “process or phenomenom of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage (UNISDR, 2007)

Example: Tropical Cyclones; Thunderstorm; Tornados; Storm surges; Floods; and Drought/El Nino

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

The El Nino and La Nina Phenomena El Nino: is associated with having NO rain, hence fear of drought and consequently dried-up fields and lowwater level in dams and reservoir for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use. La Nina: is associated heavy rainfall and hazard such as flood

El Nino: is associated with the warming of the central and eastern tropical pacific. La Nina: its associated sustained cooling of these same areas.

Changes in Pacific Ocean occur in a cycle known as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) During ENSO: ocean temperature become warmer than usual or cooler than usual at different location

Diagnostic and statistical studies on general influences of ENSO on Philippine climate 2015-2016

El Niño

La Niña

• extended dry season • early end of rainy season • weak monsoon activity • less number of tropical cyclones • above normal sea level pressure • above normal air temperatures

• short dry season • early onset of rainy season • strong monsoon activity • more number of tropical cyclones • below normal sea level pressure

drier weather conditions

wetter weather conditions

Philippine EL NIÑO

• Strengthen at end of year 2015, and last until March-April–May 2016 season; • The 2015-16 El Niño event is among the four strongest since 1950 (1972-73, 1982-83,1997-98). - Press Release, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 01 September 2015

DRY SPELL & DROUGHT OUTLOOK of the PHILIPINES (OCTOBER 2015 – APRIL 2016)

Updated: Sept. 30, 2015

OVER DIFFERENT PROVINCES END OF OCTOBER 2015 PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY CONDITION LUZON (20)

ABRA, BENGUET,IFUGAO,KALINGA,MOUNTAIN PROVINCE ILOCOS NORTE,ILOCOS SUR,LA UNION,BATANES CAGAYAN,,NUEVA VIZCAYA,PAMPANGA BATANGAS,LAGUNA,RIZAL,OCCIDENTAL MINDORO ORIENTAL MINDORO,ROMBLON,ALBAY MASBATE,

VISAYAS (3)

AKLAN,GUIMARAS, ILOILO

MINDANAO

none

PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY SPELL LUZON (5)

BATAAN, TARLAC, ZAMBALES, CAVITE,,SORSOGON

VISAYAS (2)

ANTIQUE,SAMAR (WESTERN SAMAR)

MINDANAO (3)

COMPOSTELA VALLEY,SARANGANI,,MAGUINDANAO

PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DROUGHT LUZON (5)

ISABELA, QUIRINO, AURORA, QUEZON,CAMARINES NORTE

VISAYAS

none

MINDANAO (1)

DAVAO ORIENTAL

 20% of the country will likely experience

DRY SPELL/DROUGHT by end of October 2015

JANUARY 2016 The persistent rainfall deficiency is predicted to translate to increased number of provinces affected by drought PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY CONDITION MINDANAO (4)

Davao Provinces, Compostela Valley

PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY SPELL LUZON (3)

Apayao, Ilocos Norte, Cagayan

VISAYAS (3)

Bohol, Siquijor, Western Samar

MINDANAO (7)

Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Oriental, North/South Cotabato, Lanao del Sur, Sarangani

PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DROUGHT LUZON (35)

Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Isabela, Quirino, N. Vizcaya, Bataan, Bulacan, N. Ecija, Pampanga, Zambales, Aurora, Tarlac, NCR, CALABARZON Provinces, MIMAROPA Provinces, BICOL Provinces

VISAYAS (12)

Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras, Iloilo, Negros Provinces, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte Provinces, Eastern Samar, Northern Samar

MINDANAO (10)

Zamboanga Provinces, Lanao del Norte,

OVER DIFFERENT PROVINCES END OF FEBRUARY 2016 PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY CONDITION MINDANAO (1)

SURIGAO DEL NORTE

PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY SPELL LUZON (2)

BENGUET, CAGAYAN

MINDANAO (4)

BUKIDNON, DAVAO DEL SUR, NORTH COTABATO, LANAO DEL SUR

PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DROUGHT LUZON (34)

ABRA, KALINGA, APAYAO, ILOCOS NORTE, ILOCOS SUR, LA UNION, PANGASINAN, ISABELA, NUEVA VIZCAYA, QUIRINO, BATAAN, BULACAN, NUEVA ECIJA, PAMPANGA, TARLAC, ZAMBALES, AURORA, METRO MANILA, BATANGAS, CAVITE, LAGUNA, RIZAL, QUEZON, MARINDUQUE, OCCIDENTAL MINDORO, ORIENTAL MINDORO, ROMBLON, PALAWAN, ALBAY, CAMARINES NORTE, CAMARINES SUR, CATANDUANES, MASBATE, SORSOGON

VISAYAS (16)

AKLAN, ANTIQUE, CAPIZ, GUIMARAS, ILOILO, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, NEGROS ORIENTAL, BOHOL, CEBU, SIQUIJOR BILIRAN, EASTERN SAMAR, LEYTE, NORTHERN SAMAR, SAMAR (WESTERN SAMAR), SOUTHERN LEYTE

MINDANAO (15)

ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE, ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR, ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY, CAMIGUIN, LANAO DEL NORTE, MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL, MISAMIS ORIENTAL, DAVAO ORIENTAL, SOUTH COTABATO, SARANGANI, SULTAN KUDARAT, BASILAN, MAGUINDANAO, SULU, TAWITAWI

 80% of the country will likely experience DROUGHT by end of Feb.

OVER DIFFERENT PROVINCES BY END OF MARCH 2016 PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DROUGHT LUZON (38)

ABRA, BENGUET, IFUGAO, KALINGA, APAYAO,MOUNTAIN PROVINCE,ILOCOS NORTE,ILOCOS SUR,LA UNION, PANGASINAN,BATANES,CAGAYAN,ISABELA,QUIRINO BATAAN,BULACAN,NUEVA ECIJA,PAMPANGA,TARLAC ZAMBALES, AURORA, METRO MANILA,BATANGAS, CAVITE, LAGUNA, RIZAL,QUEZON,MARINDUQUE, OCCIDENTAL MINDORO,ORIENTAL MINDORO, ROMBLON,PALAWAN,ALBAY,CAMARINES NORTE, CAMARINES SUR,CATANDUANES, MASBATE,SORSOGON * NUEVA VISCAYA - WILL LIKELY EXPERIENCE DROUGHT UNTIL FEB 2016

VISAYAS (15)

AKLAN,ANTIQUE,CAPIZ,GUIMARAS,ILOILO,NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, BOHOL,CEBU,NEGROS ORIENTAL, SIQUIJOR, BILIRAN,LEYTE,NORTHERN SAMAR,SAMAR (WESTERN SAMAR),SOUTHERN LEYTE

MINDANAO (15)

ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE, ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR, ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY,CAMIGUIN, LANAO DEL NORTE,MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL,SOUTH COTABATO,NORTH COTABATO, SARANGANI,SULTAN KUDARAT,BASILAN, MAGUINDANAO,LANAO DEL SUR, SULU, TAWI-TAWI

 85% of the country will likely experience DROUGHT by end of March 2016

OVER DIFFERENT PROVINCES END OF APRIL 2016 PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY CONDITION MINDANAO (10)

BUKIDNON, MISAMIS ORIENTAL, COMPOSTELA VALLEY DAVAO, DAVAO DEL SUR, DAVAO ORIENTAL, AGUSAN DEL NORTE, AGUSAN DEL SUR, SURIGAO DEL NORTE, SURIGAO DEL SUR

PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY SPELL none

PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DROUGHT LUZON (37)

ABRA, BENGUET, IFUGAO, KALINGA, APAYAO,MOUNTAIN PROVINCE, ILOCOS NORTE, ILOCOS SUR, LA UNION, PANGASINAN,BATANES, CAGAYAN, ISABELA,QUIRINO, BATAAN,BULACAN, NUEVA ECIJA, PAMPANGA,TARLAC, ZAMBALES,AURORA,METRO MANILA,BATANGAS, CAVITE,LAGUNA,RIZAL,QUEZON,MARINDUQUE, OCCIDENTAL MINDORO,ORIENTAL MINDORO, ROMBLON ALBAY,CAMARINES NORTE,CAMARINES SUR, CATANDUANES, MASBATE, SORSOGON

VISAYAS (15)

AKLAN,ANTIQUE, CAPIZ, GUIMARAS, ILOILO,NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, BOHOL, CEBU,NEGROS ORIENTAL,SIQUIJOR, BILIRAN,LEYTE, NORTHERN SAMAR, SAMAR (WESTERN SAMAR),SOUTHERN LEYTE

 79% of the country will likely

MINDANAO ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE. ZAMBOANGA DEL experience DROUGHT by end of April (11) SUR,ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY,CAMIGUIN, LANAO DEL

Manifestations of ENSO Episodes ENSO

(Global)

EXTREME EVENTS

(Droughts, floods, forest/bush fires, landslides, etc.)

SYNOPTIC

(TC, ITCZ, Highs, Lows, Monsoons, Trades, Ocean Currents)

LOCAL CLIMATES

(Precipitation, Temperature, Pressure, Humidity, Wind, Evaporation, Radiation, etc.)

IMPACTS

(Water resources, Agriculture, Health, Socio-economic, Environment)

Drought: Is a lack of rainfall for normal needs. Deficiency of rainfall results: 1.

Soil moisture are reduced below the minimum necessary to sustain plants, animals, and humans

Drought: Is can be attributed to the EL Nino phenomenon and green house effect or the warming of the earth surface.

Drought Impacts 1.

Agricultural crops will not grow without water 2.

3.

As a result of the above, there could be famine or food insecurity 4.

5.

Animal will die out of thirst

The water supply for domestic and industrial use will be reduced

There would be less livelihood for people whose jobs are dependent on water supply

6. There would be epidemic and other health problems due to rise of microorganism, poor sanitation, and hunger 7. High temperature can trigger fire

ENSO IMPACTS

Mass Fish Death

This is the Can-asujan irrigation dam in the City of Carcar. Until recently, it fed rice paddies and vegetable farms in eight barangays. (Contributed Foto/Rey Campaña)

ENSO IMPACTS

Heatwave (India)

Actions to be taken under hot weather conditions 1. When engaged in outdoor work or activities, pay attention to health conditions. Bring along water and sunscreen. 2. Reduce prolonged exposure under sunlight. 3. Ensure good air ventilation in indoor environment. 4. Beware of health and well being of elderly or persons with chronic medical conditions. 5. Take extra precautionary measures for possible FIRES  

HOW TO PREPARE FOR EL NINO STARTING FROM COMMUNITY Agriculture 1.Rehabilitation 2.Direct

of irrigation systems

assistance to farmers

3.Research

and Development

- Cloud seeding Domestic Water supply 1. Identification and close monitoring of vulnerable areas 2. Prioritization of projects and calamity funds

Environment 1.

Reforestation , Reforestation, Reforestation Health 2. 3.

Monitor water quality

Intensive health education/campaign

Information/Education/Communication (IEC) 4. 5.

Conduct lectures about El Nino Incorporate in lessons in schools

TROPICAL CYCLONES

TROPICAL CYCLONE: IS A ROTATING, ORGANIZED SYSTEM OF CLOUDS AND THUNDERSTORM THAT ORIGINATES OVER THE TROPICAL WATERS.

TC encompasses: Tropical Depression; Tropical Storm; Typhoons; and Hurricanes

TC is with minimum sustained wind of 35Km/hour (KPH) and has an eye which 10 to 100 Km in diameter;

Categories of Tropical Cyclones CATEGORIES OF TROPICAL CYLONES SPEED OF MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS

Tropical depression

35-63 KPH

Tropical Storm

64 to 117Kph

Typhoon

117 kph to 180kph

Super typhoon

More than 180 kph

TC enters PAR:  5-day forecast track is issued by the PAGASA every 6 hours at: 5am 11am 5pm 11pm

IN THE PHILIPPINES Average of 19 TC enter the PAR; Approximately 9-10 make landfall

Reason: Philippine is located in the western rim of the Pacific Ocean, where most tropical cyclone pass.

PUBLIC STORM WARNING PAGASA- Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

SIGNAL NUMBER 1 Meaning: A tropical cyclone will affect the locality. Winds of 30 up to 60KPH maybe extended in at least 36 hours Impact of the Wind: No damage to very light damage

What TO DO during Signal Number 1 •

Listen to the radio for more information about the weather disturbance. • Check

the capacity of the house to withstand strong winds and strengthen the house if necessary The people are advised to listen to the latest severe Weather Bulletin issued by PAGASA every six hours. In the meantime, business maybe carried out as usual except when flood occurs •

SIGNAL NUMBER 2 Meaning: A moderate tropical cyclone will affect the locality. Winds of more than 61 KPH to 120KPH maybe extended In at least 24 hours Impact of Wind: Light to moderate damage

WHAT TO DO DURING SIGNAL NUMBER 2 Special attention should be given to the latest position, the direction, and speed of the movement as it may intensify and move towards locality; •

The general public, especially people travelling by the sea and air, are cautioned to avoid unnecessary risks •

•

Secure properties before signal are upgraded;

•Board

up windows or put storm shutters in place and securely fasten; •Stay

at home;

SIGNAL NUMBER 3 Meaning: A strong tropical cyclone will affect the locality. Winds of more than 121 to 170 KPH may be extended in at least 18 hours Impacts of the wind: Moderate to heavy damage

WHAT TO DO DURING SIGNAL NUMBER 3 •

Keep you radio on and listen to the latest news about the typhoon;

•Everybody •

is advised to stay indoors

People are advised to stay in strong buildings

•

Evacuate from low lying areas

•Stay

•

away from coastal areas and riverbanks

Watch out fro the passage of the eye wall and eye of the typhoon

Signal Number 4 Meaning: A very intense typhoon will affect the locality. Winds of 171 to 220 KPH maybe extended in at least 12 hours Impacts of the wind: Heavy to very heavy damage

WHAT TO DO DURING SIGNAL NUMBER 4 •

Stay in a safe house or evacuation center

•The •All

situation is potentially very destructive to the community

travels and outdoor activities should be cancelled. •Over

all damage to the affected communities can be very heavy

Signal Number 5 Meaning: •A

very intense typhoon will affect the locality. Winds of more than 220 KPH maybe extended in at least 12 hours Impacts of Wind: Very heavy to widespread damage

WHAT TO DO DURING SIGNAL NUMBER 5 •

Stay in a safe house or evacuation center

•The •All

situation is potentially very destructive to the community

travels and outdoor activities should be cancelled. •Over

all damage to the affected communities can be very heavy

WHAT TO DO DURING TC REGARDLESS OF PSW

BEFORE TROPICAL CYCLONE Coordinate with local community or barangay on safety plan during times of severe events •

•Ensure

that your house or building can withstand strong winds and heavy rains

• •Discuss

with your family, friends, classmate about typhoon and other weather disturbances, understand weather forecasts and how to minimize our risks; Recommend trimming and removal of unstable trees, electric posts, or any infrastructure that could fall and may cause damage or injury

•

• •Have

a survival kit containing batteryoperated radio, flashlight, emergency cooking equipment, candles, matches and first aid kit. •Participate

actively in the drills on disaster response

DURING TROPICAL CYCLONE Regularly Monitor official updates of PAGASA or other reliable sources on the tropical cyclone •

•Stay •Stay

in a sturdy and stable shelter

indoors and away from window or things that may topple over

•Coordinates

with the local community on possible evacuation measures) especially in low lying area) •Remain

calm and take notice of your situation

AFTER TROPICAL CYCLONE •Attend •Apply •Seek

to injuries if needed

first aid to minor cuts or wounds

medical assistance at your nearest clinic or hospital

•Check

you immediate vicinity (house, school, surroundings) for any damages that can pose a potential hazard to people around it

AUTOMATIC SUSPENSION GUIDELINES

Signal No. 1: No classes in kindergarten Signal No. 2 NO classes in the Elementary and High School Signal No. 3 No classes in ALL LEVELS including tertiary level LGU discretion in area where there are no storm signals

FLOODS

Floods usually affect the low-lying and coastal areas due to overflowing of water from lakes, streams, and other bodies of water. The accumulation of rainwater in drainages also causes flood, particularly in the urban areas.

MANMADE CAUSES OF FLOOD 1. Increase •

urbanization and coastal development:

Concreting of roads and land surface prevent absorption of flood water; 2. Informal settlers: •

Obstructing the normal flow of floodwaters;

3. Indiscriminate dumping of garbage: •

Clogging of sewers and drainage

4. Deforestation: •

In reduces infiltration capacity of the soil (erosion, adding more volume of floodwaters) 5. Failure of levees and dams:

•Large

quantities of water are released and cause flooding 6. Blasting:

•May

result to unintentional damming or rivers and stream

TYPES OF FLOODS 1. River

Floods:

Is caused by the overflowing of rivers when the run-off exceeds by the capacity of the channels; 2. Flash floods Is caused by a very short period of unusually heavy rainfall

3. Coastal Flood: Occurs when strong onshore winds push the water inland. He rise of sea level also causes flooding on low lying coastal areas

PAGASA’s Color Coded Warning Signal for Flooding

SAFETY TIPS ON WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING , AND AFTER THE FLOODING

BEFORE: 1. Know how often your location is likely to be flooded and to what extent; 2. Be familiar with the flood warning system in your community and be sure your family knows it 3. Keep informed on the weather condition.

4. Designed an evacuation area for the family and livestock and assign family members specific instruction and responsibilities according to an evacuation plan; 5. Keep stock food which requires little cooking and refrigeration as electric power may be interrupted

6. Keep a transistorized radio and flashlight with spare batteries, emergency cooking equipment, candles, matches, and handy first-aid kit in case of emergency. 7. Securely anchor weak dwellings and items

When Warned of flood 1.

Be alert to the possibility of flood, if it has been raining for several days. Flood happens as the ground becomes saturated. 2. Listen to the radio for emergency instruction

3. If advised to evacuate, do so. Don’t panic. Move to the safe area before access is cut off by flood waters. 4. Store drinking water in containers, as water service may be interrupted. 5. Move household belonging to upper levels

6. Bring livestock to higher ground; 7. Turn off electricity at the main switch in the building before evacuating and also lock your house;

During Flooding: 1.

Avoid flooded areas;

Do not attempt to cross rivers or flowing streams where water is above the knee.

2.

3.

Beware of water-covered roads and bridges

4. Avoid unnecessary exposure to elements; 5. Do not go swimming or boating in swollen rivers; 6. Eat only well-cooked food. Protect leftovers against contamination; 7. Drink clean or preferably boiled water only

AFTER FLOODING

1.

Re-enter the dwelling with caution using flashlight, lanterns, or torches. There may be flammables inside; 2. Beware of fire hazards like broken electric wires

3. Do not eat food and drinks water until they have been checked for food and water contamination;

4. Report broken utility lines (electricity, water, gas, and telephone) to appropriate authorities 5. Do not turn on the main switch or use appliances and other equipment until they have been checked by a competent electrician 6. Consult health authorities for immunization requirements

7. Do not go “sightseeing” in disaster areas. Your presence might hamper rescue and other emergency operations;