Intro Q&a

INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY

REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. Who coined the term “criminologia?”

French, 1st used criminologie Essay on Crimes A. Paul Topinard & Punishment Father – B. Cesare Beccaria modern 1764 C. Cesare Lombroso criminology D. Rafaelo Garofalo

HOLY THREE OF CRIMINOLOGY BY STEPHEN SCHAFER, 1969

1. Lombroso - The Criminal Man, 1911 (L’uomo Delinquente) 2. Enrico Ferri – Criminal Sociology, 1917 3. Garofalo – Criminology, 1914 (original, 1884)

2. The word criminology was from coined the Latin words “crimen” and “logia?” The former was understood as -

A. sin B. bad C. accusation D. All of the above

study

2. It means the study of the attempt of analyzing scientifically the causes, control & treatment of criminals. It is also the study of crimes. Application of psychology in A. Crime answering legal B. Criminology issues, aka C. Social Criminology Forensic D. Criminal Psychology Psychology

3. It is the discipline involved in the collection of knowledge about criminal action which is the study of crime focused on the group of people and society as a whole.

A. Psychiatric criminology B. Criminology C. Psychological criminology D. Sociological criminology

4. It is focused on the individual criminal behavior; how it is acquired, evolved, maintained and modified.

A. Psychiatric criminology B. Biological criminology C. Psychological criminology D. Sociological criminology

5. It refers to the study of criminal things, and the analysis of object evidences from the scene left by the offender. A. Instrumentation B. Forensic Science C. Criminalistics D. Criminalist

Used of devices, gadgets, etc in criminal Natural investigation sciences in

answering specialist in the collection and legal issues examination of the physical evidence of crime

6. An attempt at scientific analysis of the conditions under which criminal laws develop is called A. Criminal Etiology B. Penology C. Sociology of Law D. Criminal Law

7. What is the generic name referring to an act that is undesirable because of the maladjusted behavior of a person? A. Felony B. Offense C. Crime D. Misdemeanor

8. The acts in violation of simple rules and regulations and usually refer to acts committed by minor offenders are known as A. Violations B. Misdemeanor or delinquency C. Felony D. Offense

9. A stole the cellular phone of B, then A sold it for a certain amount. B used the money to buy some clothes. In what classification of crimes did B committed belong?

A. Situational crimes B. Episodic crimes C. Seasonal crimes D. Acquisitive crimes

10. A person who violated a social norm and has been convicted by a court for the violation of criminal law is referred to as -

A. Criminal B. Prisoner C. Inmate D. Delinquent

11. What is the study of the causes of criminality? A. Criminal etiology B. Criminology C. Criminal Behavior D. Crime Causality

12. What term is defined as the scientific process of gaining substantial amounts of knowledge on the traits of the offender by studying the nature of the offended party?

A. All of these B. Psychology C. Victimology D. Biology

13. The general approaches in the explanation of crimes focused on the psychoanalytical, psychiatric and sociological explanations of crimes in an integrated theory is covered by -

A. Contemporary approach B. Subjective approach C. Objective approach D. Scientific approach

14. It is the explanation of crimes based on the Freudian theory, which traces behavior as the deviation of the repression of the basic driver such as the id, ego, and superego.

A. Biological approach B. Anthropological approach C. Psychoanalytical approach D. Physiological approach

15. What approach deals with the explanation of crime concerning financial security of inadequacy and other necessities to support life as factors to criminality? A. Socio-cultural B. Economic C. Monetary D. Ecological

16. This theory maintains that crime is a function of social change that occurs along with environmental change. A. Demonological B. Human ecology C. Psychoanalytical D. Somatotyping

17. Who proposed utilitarian hedonism which explains that a person always acts in such a way as to seek pleasure and avoid pain?

A. Cesare lombroso B. Jeremy Bentham C. Enrico Ferri D. David Emile Durkheim Social theory, crime as social fact, anomie

18. The school of criminology that maintains that man is essentially a moral creature with absolute free will to choose between good and evil.

A. Classical B. Positivist C. Neo-classical D. Modern school

19. All but one, are Italians who agreed that in the study of crime and emphasizes should be on scientific treatment of the criminal and they form the holy trinity of criminology:

A. Cesare Lombroso B. Enrico Ferri C. Rafaele Garofalo D. Sigmund Freud

20. Cesare Lombroso ‘s theory on inferior or animalistic behavior of man is called A. Atavistic stigmata B. Moral anomalies C. Pseudo-criminals D. Born criminals

21. The theory that explains the absence of norms in a society provides a setting conducive to crimes is called A. Sub-culture B. Neutralization C. Conflict D. Anomie

22. Who maintained that crime is an important ingredient of all healthy societies because crime makes people more aware of their common interest and help to define appropriate, moral, or lawful behavior?

A. Sigmund Freud B. William Sheldon C. David Durkheim D. Edwin Sutherland

23. What theory maintains that the isolation, segregation, competition, conflict, social contract, interaction, and social hierarchy of people are the major influences of criminal behavior?

A. Human ecology theory B. Psychoanalytical theory C. Classical theory D. Social contract theory

24. Somatotyping idea originated from the work of Ernest Kretschmer, a German psychiatrist. One of its three principal types of physique is a person of medium to tall, strong, muscular and course bones who is referred to as -

A. Asthenic B. Athletic C. Pyknic D. Endomorph

25. He is the dean of modern criminology and referred as the most important criminologist of the twentieth century.

A. E. Sutherland B. C. Lombroso C. C. Darwin D. A. Cohen

26. The failure of man to achieve a higher status of life caused criminals to commit crime in order for that goal to be attained is claimed by A. Strain theory B. Sub- culture theory C. Differential association theory D. Labeling theory

27. Who is the French anthropologist who used criminologie for the first time? A. P. Topinard B. R.K. Merton C. A. Cohen D. C. Darwin

28. Which of the following deals with the control of crime and also the study of punishment of crime? A. Criminology B. Penology C. Victimology D. Etiology

29. The one possessing in high degree the qualities considered distinctive of manhood and is considered the subject matter of criminology is the ________.

A. Man B. Criminal C. Victim D. Behavior

30. Which of these is the most ancient of all the different schools of criminology and dates back in pre-scientific age? It is based on the belief that people who commit crime are demons.

A. Pre-classical B. Positivist C. Neo-classical D. Classical

31. They are described as situational or occasional offender whose participation in criminal behavior was determined by environmental factors.

A. Professional Criminals B. Criminaloids C. Born criminals D. Hysteric criminals

32. What is the method used that are similar to those in more recent years by ecologists and epidemiologists? It is also known as geographical school.

A. Demographic school B. Socialist school C. Chicago school D. Cartographical school

33. He proposed the investigation of the criminal behavior before punishment is meted and was considered the father of special preventive punishment theory.

A. Quetelet B. A.M. Guerry C. Franz Von Lieszt D. Torde

34. Which of the following resulted from the controversy between the schools of Tarde and Lombroso which includes all kinds of factors both individual and social? A. Multi-factor theory B. Neutralization C. Instrumentalist D. Evolution theory

35. This involves the intellectual apprehension of factual elements of the acts commanded by law, and/or the intent to commit the act. A. Mala in se B. Mala prohibita C. Actus rea D. Mens rea

36. These are the common classes of crimes according to the law violated, except: A. Felony B. Offenses C. Misdemeanor D. Violations

37. The concept of this was first introduced by Edwin Sutherland in 1939. It is defined as any illegal act that is committed in the course of a legitimate occupation by any respectable man of high social status.

A. Conventional B. White collar crimes C. Organized crimes D. Property crimes

38. These involve willing participants of activities that violate the law such as drug abuse, gambling, prostitution and pornography. That neither the offender nor the victim is likely to report the crime to the police.

A. Victimless crimes B. Impossible crimes C. Complex crimes D. Non-Index Crimes

39. Which defines crimes, establishes punishments and regulates the investigation and prosecution of people accused of committing crimes?

A. Criminal law B. Criminal C. Constitutional laws D. Special laws

40. This theory treats the defect and protects society from the untreatable. Treatment to include drugs, psychoanalysis, plastic surgery, genetic counseling. A. Anomie-strain theory B. Learning theory C. Biological theory D. Disorganization-ecological

41. This theory emphasizes social change and elimination of power. In general, it seeks to replace gender-base structures which focus upon principles of women on care, nurturance, connectivity, community and ethics.

A. Middle class theory B. Feminist theory C. Socio-cultural theory D. Socio-economic theory

42. The identifiable person who has been harmed individually and directly by the perpetrator is the A. Society B. Public C. Offender D. Victim

43. Victims of this crime often deny their status as offended party. They are not to be clearly identifiable or directly linked to the crime. A. Situational crimes B. Conventional crimes C. White collar crimes D. Blue collar crimes

44. In here, the crime victims or relatives and friends of the deceased victim meet with the defendant after conviction to tell the convict about how the criminal activity affected them, in the hope of rehabilitation.

A. Correctional Institution B. Victim impact panel C. Rehabilitation D. Mutual Agreement

45. These are some psychological problems recurring to victims of crime, except: A. Self-blame B. Anxiety C. Fear D. Happiness

46. Criminology changes as social conditions changes. Its progress goes with the advancement of other sciences that is applied to it. This characteristic of Criminology is called -

A. Dynamics B. Applied science C. Social science D. Nationalist

47. Which of the following schools of thought introduced the application of mitigating circumstances in imposing penalties? A. Pre-classical B. Neo-classical C. Classical D. Positivist

48. What School of Criminology denied the individual responsibility and argued that criminals should not be punished? A. Pre-classical B. Neo-classical C. Italian school D. Demonological

49. It means normlessness or the gap between goals and means that creates deviances. A. Conflict B. Anomie C. Critical D. Anarchy

50. These are acts or omissions punishable by special laws. A. B. C. D.

Delito Offenses Felony Special Crimes

51. They argue that interpretations of the law are dependent on the particular social context in which they arise. They would change the criminal justice apparatus with informal social controls. A. B. C. D.

Social Criminologists Feminists proponents Patriarchal criminologists Postmodernist criminologists

52. This grew out of the 1960s as a rejection of the Enlightenment belief in scientific rationality as the route to knowledge and progress. A. B. C. D.

Postmodernism Humanists Feminists Realists

53. This theory emphasizes men’s control over women’s labor and sexuality. A. B. C. D.

Masculine theory Feminist theory Patriarchal theory Humanist theory

54. The principal goal of this theory is to abolish patriarchy by ensuring women equal opportunity and equal rights. A. B. C. D.

Masculine theory Feminist theory Patriarchal theory Humanist theory

55. The feminist theory focuses on three areas of crime and justice:, EXCEPT A. B. C. D.

None of these The victimization of women Gender differences in crime Gendered justice (differing treatment of female and male offenders and victims by the criminal justice system)

56. An approach that suggests that the solution to all social problems, including crime, is the transformation of human beings, mutual dependence, reduction of class structures, the creation of communities of caring people, and universal social justice.

A. B. C. D.

Peacemaking Criminology Chicago School Rational Theory Radical Theory

57. A group of social scientists who argue that critical criminologists need to redirect their attention to the fear and the very real victimization experienced by working-class people. A. B. C. D.

Right realists Left realists Radicals All of these

58. This theory defines crime as a violation of human rights. It also argues that capitalism requires people to compete against each other in the pursuit of material wealth. A. B. C. D.

Radical Theory Humanists Theory Socialists Theory Leftists

59. According to this theory, criminal law and the criminal justice system are used by dominant groups to control subordinate ones. A. B. C. D.

Social Control Theory Anomie theory Power struggle theory Conflict Theory

60. This theory argues that once a person commits a first criminal act, they are labeled negatively as a criminal. A. B. C. D.

Modeling Theory Benchmarking Theory Identification Theory Labeling theory

61. A view in which people are expected to commit crime and delinquency unless they are prevented from doing so. A. B. C. D.

Social Conflict Theory Social Process Theory Social Control Theory Social Differential Theory

62. Which of these argues that people commit crimes because they get positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. A. B. C. D.

Labeling theory Learning Theory Modeling Theory Imitation Theory

63. It refers to a means by which a person can learn new responses by observing others without performing any overt act or receiving direct reinforcement or reward. A. B. C. D.

Labeling Imitation Modeling B or C

64. He was one of the first theorists to believe that crime was something learned by normal people as they adapted to other people and the conditions of their environment. Writing in Penal Philosophy in 1890, he viewed all social phenomena as the product of imitation or modeling.

A. B. C. D.

Robert Merton Gabriel Tarde Sigmund Freud Seymour Halleck

65. Robert Merton in 1938 wrote about a major contradiction in the U.S. between cultural goals and social structure. He called the contradiction A. B. C. D.

Social control Social conflict Normlessness Anomie

66. A group of sociologists who assumed in their research that delinquent behavior was a product of social disorganization. A. B. C. D.

Chicago School Italian School American School European School

67. The general sense of morality of the times A. B. C. D.

General conscience Specific conscience Collective conscience Common conscience

68. He believed that human beings are motivated by five basic levels of needs, and that people choose crime because they cannot (or will not) satisfy their needs legally. A. B. C. D.

Seymour Halleck Abraham Maslow Abrahamssen Sigmund Freud

69. The principal policy implication of considering crime symptomatic of deep-seated problems is to provide psychotherapy in order to resolve the symptoms associated with the problems. A. B. C. D.

Psychoanalysis Psychotheraphy Psychologic Psychopatic

70. It sees deviance as caused rather than chosen, and its control is a medical like cure rather than penance or punishment. It also views deviance as sickness, not sin - a product of disease infecting the body or mind.

A. B. C. D.

Social Pathology Scientific Pathology Criminological Pathology Medical Pathology

71. Irregular and Opportunistic crimes resorted to by career criminals who do not view themselves as professional criminals are __________ criminals.

A. Choice B. Ordinary C. Opportunistic D.Intermittent

72. It is a crime committed by a person who is in status of life and there is linkage of profession in committing the crime.

A. B. C. D.

White collar Ordinary Professional Opportunistic

73. Crime is part of the community. It is the theory of ______________. A. B. C. D.

Wolfgang Beccaria Bentham Durkheim

74. What is the term for securing of mental capacity to the truth and reality?

A.Super ego B.Ego C.Libido D.Id

75. The theory that premises the idea that the victim trigger the suspect by provoked and act known as A. B. C. D.

Routine activities Provocation Victim precipitation Proximization

76. What is the concept of reality? A. B. C. D.

Libido Superego Ego Id

77. This statement, the custodial control of a career criminal for a long term will lower the crime rate. This derived from _________________ theory. A. Identity B. Innovation C. Conflict D. Incapacitation

78. Response through use of CJS which aim to reduce the gang activities. A. B. C. D.

Repression Reduction Reintegration Prevention

79. A person bond to society prevents him from violating social rules and committing a crime. Refers to what theory? A. Social bond B. Conflict C. Labelling D. Choice

80. Which study of criminology focuses on the relationship between the crime and the treatment of female within the society? A. Radical B. Classical C. Marxist D. Feminist