(introduction)integrative Art As Applied To Contemporary Art

Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art By: Noel Francisco Ruga MAEd

Art plays a significant part in the rich cultural identity

of the Philippines. It mirrors the Filipino people, it’s history, traditions and the country as a whole. Diverse art forms in the different parts of the archipelago, when integrated, will give a clear picture of what kind of country the Philippines is and what kind of people the Filipinos are

This art forms developed from the early times

continue to evolve up to the present. From the ethnic tradition, it continues to progress to contemporary art tradition. As Filipino, one should have the knowledge of the different forms of art in the Philippines to fully grasp its identity as a nation and to completely embrace oneself as a citizen of the country.

The lessons and activities incorporated in this section

will helps you as students to have an understanding and appreciation of the Philippine Art specifically the contemporary Philippine Arts. This will provide the students an overview of the history of Philippine Arts from the Ethnic up to the Contemporary Period. Also, the succeeding discussion will focus on the contemporary art forms and practices in the country.

Historical Background The development of Philippine Art comes from

three(3) major Traditions: 1. Ethnic Tradition (pre-colonial): high land people mimic the animal movements as choreography. Pottery, weaving, wood carving and metal crafting were dominant during pre-colonial period as visual art About architecture using local materials such as anahaw, bamboo, cogon, cane, rattan, and other light materials in constructing structures

Folk literatures came in the form folk speeches, songs

and narratives.

Theater art: tribal presentations and rituals by

depicting their beliefs

In music, ancestors have their owned bamboo flutes

and brass gongs as indigenous instruments

2. Spanish Colonial Tradition Replacing the Philippine Indigenous art with Western art

forms. Propagating Christianity and maintaining power of colonizers, Religion and secularization(not religious) greatly influenced the art in the Philippines. Literary works classification : religious and secular, prose and poetry Theater art: secular and religion plays “komedya” Choreography for religious dance: venerate(show deep respct) to patron and saints proliferated.(increase of number quickly)

Secular dances: valse, fandango, polka and minuet, Musical instruments: popularity of orchestra and

bands Visual art: painting and sculpture (religious matter) Architecture: stones and bricks for structures, in and exterior designs. Decorative designs: metal and wood carving product.

3. American Tradition and Contemporary Traditions. Changes in politics, economy, education and culture Modern art was refers in year 1860s- 1960s, rise of the

middle class family, secularization, changes in political system, technology innovation.(experimental approach- practice and methodology) Modern art deeply develops after World War-II. Contemporary art refers to the recent and current practice of art from 1970 up to present. It mirrors the society and culture of the present times

It is also uses a combination of different methods,

materials and ideas that transcend the traditional way of art making. All Philippine art forms had a different twist as the American way of life became a part of lives of the Filipinos, The art forms and practices became rapid in popularity. Artist experimented using different materials and methodologies and produced non- conventional artworks with a wide-range of themes.

Quiz#1

Lesson2

Contemporary

Art Forms and Practices from the Regions

Visual Arts In the American period, education was

introduced to the Philippines. There were Filipinos studied abroad and influenced the art making the country. Vicotorio Edades, Juan Arellano and Diosdado Lorenzo who study abroad and went back to introduce the concept of modern in the country.

Victorio Edades introduced modern art

through his art exhibition, who shocked many Filipinos and audiences in his different style of painting. He used as model or main character in his are laborers, workers and lower sector of the society and used dull colors instead of bright and happy colors.

art modern artist (13) 1. Vicente Manansala 2. Cesar Legaspi, 3. Anita-Magsaysay-Ho, 4.Hernando Ocampo, 5. Carlos Francisco

Subject art works was noticeable shifted from rural to

Urban themes. Urban set-up became the usual subject of visual art. Ploratarian art was created to depicts the life after WWII, social issues and economic problems Different Groups and associations of artist and institutions was forms( Art Association of the Philippines by Purita Kalaw- Ledesma, the Philippine Gallery by Lidia Villanueva-Arguilla, which give support the modern art movement.

Through the year’s different artists with different styles

in creating their masterpiece and they became popular in visual art, some of theme were used stylistics art and drawing and thematic artwork reflect historical, economic, and political themes and different themes were also applied in art making. Also the Paris-Cubism took its scene, it shows the fragmented figure (broken pieces) in larger planes(flat or smooth surface), color harmonies and textures.

Cubist and Abstraction Artist Vicente Manansala Romeo Tabuena Cesar Legaspi They also apply the abstraction in art. H.R Ocampo, Constatntino Bernardo,  Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz,  Arturo Luz and Jose Joya

Sculpture Napoleon Abueva- woods, metal and stones as his

material in creating his work, he also used plastic, jade, brass and other materials as modern artist His works reflects the dynamism, freedom of expression and concern to the masses(MASA) For me(NFR),a lot of young artist make their own way and follow the path of the people behind of the success of art in the Philippines.

Painting,sculptures and Realism art Benedicto Cabrera known as BenCab worked with

realism and experimental devices Ramon Orlina and Impy Pilapil used glass as materials in creating glass sculpture as masterpiece. Surrealism was also involved in art, Surreslist Galo Ocampo and Juvenal Sanso explored the world of dream as surrealist artist, they create comic, posters and cartoons in conveying nationalistic messages. And magic realism was also entered in the art scene.

This refers to the style in painting showing minute

details of the subject and highlighting of their texture and color Genre of painting is showing of the lives of townfolks, legends and traditions at our time today. Using indigenous materials became trend in sculptures and illustration art to promote environmental awareness. Junyee, Roberto Villanueva and Roberto Fleo used traditional materials in their artpiece.

Cartoons, comics and photography became popular.

Teachers point of view. In deed, visual art has developed and

transformed through the years. The significant development of the modern and contemporary art in the country only shows how creative, innovative and free thinkers the Filipinos are.

In order to promote and preserve the rich

artistry of the country, the National Government through the NCCA’s Committee on Visual Art(CVA) launched an education program that tends to convene artists annually in the country through their level congresses.

Artist from different parts of the Philippines

interacts on different congress activities while being encouraged to participate actively in national and international exhibits, workshops and lectures. The Committee on the other hand developed, and annual art exhibition is inviting artist from the regions to submit their artworks and be exhibited in Manila.

The artists were given more avenues to exhibit their

works in Manila and their regions as well that led to their initiatives in promoting visual arts in the regions. There were art groups founded in the regions and provinces like Baguio Art Guild and Bacolod’s Black Artist in Asia. These groups create workshops, art festivals and art exhibitions to encourage young generations to take part in enriching the country’s visual art.

Literature The bond between Philippines and America

still continues even after the declaration of independence in 1946 which is evident in the continual flourishment of modernism. In the field of poetry during the contemporary period, publication of young poets to campus journals emerged.

The “BAGAY” movement also took the

scene. It is a kind of poetry which uses colloquial language and is built on concrete images which tend to describe experiences. Poets Jose F. Lacaba,Rolando Tinio, Bienvenido Lumbera, Antonio Samson, Edmundo Martinez started the BAGAY movement.

Example of Bagay Poetry Valediction sa Hillcrest – Taglish- Rolando TinioIntroduced another form of poetry “Ang Bayang

Malaya” national consciousness and it is a long narrative piecea bout a pleasant leader by Amado V. Hernandez. Oppression and fighting for human rights are the main themes of the said piece and the succession of the themes was observed.

Social protest and social realism became the theme of

the poems. Protest poetry proliferated(rapid increase) Arousal of writers(Martial Law) Influenced of English poems in the Philippines(American and British poetry) Edith Tiempo, Emmanuel Torres and Dominador Ilio poets influenced by Western Poets Their works revolved on different subjects like searching love and identity, oppression and concern to private world.

Social issues during Marcos era also contained in

poems(poverty, inequality, political turmoil and other social problems) After WWII the short stories and writers was focus on the self-consciousness and self-expression. NVM Gonzales, Nick Juaquin, Alejandro Roces, Francisco Arcellana, Gregorio Brillantes, Bienvenido Santos, Edith Tiempo etc some short story writer.

Vernacular Language was also used in short stories

continuous due to the lack of moral and financial support and social protest fiction was produced during Marcos Era 1970s.

Producing of Novels also evolve with sociopolitical themes.

They are also focused on searching identity.

Essay and criticism also developed(by women’s writers with

different themes and using different innovative techniques in writing.

Thank you..

For giving attention and time to listen.

MUSIC Early American period the music was classical

influenced by European, continued flourished until 1950s Group of people who develop new art called Avantgarde (progressive)music emerged in 1960s Philippine music was composed of combination of classical and traditional music. Introduction of radio, film, and other entertainment technology, the theater music flourished gradually declined.

Rondallas and string bands remains even up to

present. Philippine music continuously developed and Pinoy pop took place. Pinoy pop covers different forms like jazz, dance hits, folksongrevival, rock and roll, rap etc. also the Manila sound was born. The music was derived from western music with English lyrics but Filipino spirit

OPM became popular. Music origin by Filipino

composers and artist/singers. Alternative music also started. The folk-balladeers influence alternative music. Type of music sprouted((to grow/develop) out of protest that later on included themes like Filipino values, political and environmental concerns and other societal themes(Anak Freddie Aguilar, Tayo’y mga pinoy Hernert Bartolome, Akoy Pilipino, Florante De Leon.

Music like Pop, rock OPM, indigenous music, jazz,

rap, mixture o different genre exist in the music industry, also the rock bands. Filipino music and local artist were given importance through the help of Cultural Center of the Philippines. Vernacular songs were applied in music(composition) Different Festivals also established.

Bodabil or stage play was introduced by the

American in the Philippines and it composed mainly of songs, dances and skits.(short, funny story or performance.) This is also called as Melodrama during Japanese period. The educational system established by the American in the country paved the way(facilitate development)of legitimate theater.

Western Education Production of shakespereans plays and

western classics entered the scene. Western culture influenced theater production in the country at early stage of Philippine theater. Theater artist tend to imitate the popular American actors and actresses, and the Philippine theater was Americanized.

Exposure to different theatrical style and dramatic

theories, the Filipinos were able to expand their horizon and create stage play that reflect Philippine realities and set-up Experimentation of stage play by the Filipino artist on traditional theater forms sarswela, komedya and sinakulo and directors who significantly contributed in the success of Philippine Theater National Artist Lamberto Avellana, Severino Montano and Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero.

Applying different styles also observed in Philippine

Contemporary Theater. Representional style-psychological (with the problems of individual and social realism iproblems of individuals considering the society.) Paraisong Parisukat by Orlando Nadres Bayan bayan by Bienvenido Norgiera Jr.(Psychological) The world is an apple by Alberto Florentino(Social)

Presentational style which highlights disccusion of

social ideas. Realistic Portrayal was prohibited during Marcos Regime. They use another methods like dance, song, mime etc to summon ideas of the audience. Theater of the oppress by Augusto Boal Documentary style: tend to discuss historical events. Mayo-a-Bente-uno of Al Santos

Dula-dula-short drama poem was also used in

theater. Musicals with contemporary themes, dance dramas employing ethic music and choreography, plays mixing realistic and non-realistic styles and traditional drama forms with contemporary messages are also among the different art forms today.

In the regional scene, the National Theater Festival of

CCP involved performances of theater art group established in the regions. These include theater groups from Luzon like the cultural workers from Bicol, Visayas region like Silay City’s Sarswela group of dumaans and Dagyaw Theater and Dance Company and from Mindanao the Kaliwat Theater Collective and Sining Kambayoka Ensemble. The Establishment of the group only shows that there are regional initiatives to develop the theater art.

Thank you..

For giving attention and time to listen.

Dancing Bodabil –is a kind of stage play became

popular during American period. Dances like buck-and-swing, tap dancing, clog, shirt dance were the dances performed in the show. Ballet dance was also introduce by ballet dance group performed. This is also the classic dance in Europe.

Remidios de Oteyza and Leonor Oresa became

learn ballet dance by ballet dancers from Europe. Huge popularity of ballet that led to birth of ballet in the country. The ballet was followed by modern dance. Modern Dance – is a revolutionary in nature and does not conform to the rules of the classical ballet and it deals with a mixture of a wide range of dances(Western and Asian dances, traditional and other experimental dances.)

Bodabil

Ballet

Dula-dula

Folk and social dances followed the rise of modern

dance. Francisca Reyes Aquino researched on the Philippine folk dances, she published her researched and influenced many Filipino dancers to do similar “practice”. She entered also in Bureau of Education to integrate folk dances in the curriculum result to widespread popularity. Many dancers create their own group to performed and adopt the European and American dances like valse, rigaudon, polka, Fandango, Jota etc.. also adaptation of customs in these Western dances.

Folkdances still alive even in the contemporary setting

in fiestas and different festivals. Ballet performances and schools and associations still exist and established also the modern dance also continues to live with techniques and innovations. In local many dancer groups established like the Integrated Performing Arts Guild(IPAG) in the Mindanao State University in Iligan City and the Dagyaw Theater and Dance Company and Teatro Amakan in Iloilo City

The Philippine High School for the Arts in Laguna

hones(used with for or after) the skills of the students in performing arts. The school has its also performing arts group. We have also still young group of performer founded to develop to promote and preserve the Philippine culture and tradition.

Architecture Philippine architecture was develop during American

Colonial and contemporary period. As simple, rational and functional, it was also adopted the modern western architectural. Young Filipinos studied in American Universities and institute Juan Arellano, Carlos Barreto and Antonio Toledo, introduced neoclassic style

Neoclassical: National Museum of Fine arts

Close up to the deco ornaments of Metropolitan Theater

Entrance Façade of Metropolitan Theater

Glass mural and other decorative elements

Organic ornament found in M.T

 The Metropolitan Theater is one of the structures that

Arellano designed and with touch of experimented romanticism. Decorative motifs incorporating native plants and variety of colors were employed in the building. Tsalet also develop in 20th century, Tsalet is a type of house on stilts with a front porch made of wood and concrete. Steel also apply at present to protection for calamities like typhoon fire and equarthquake etc..

Young architects changed path and

deviated(make difference) from the traditional architectural design. Architectural business emerged time and ideas that there had been growing demand for commercial buildings. After WWII the architecture departed(existing in the past) from the native tradition.

Real estate, 2storey houses(Americanzied)introduced. Urban housing, multi-story tenements and

government housing project emerged due to the increase of population and decrease of land availability. The Government cannot accommodate all those needing low-coast housing, slums(old building apartments for poor families)and shanties started to proliferate (increase in number quickly) Upper class families own a huge with large front garden, also the condominiums born.

Constructing expressways, convention centers, hospitals,

hotels, malls, high-rise buildings, amusement centers etc.. All these comes with technological advancements like escalators, elevators, air-conditioning systems, computers, etc during Marcos Era. Regional set-up, residential houses, churches, public markets, business space, tend to imitate the architectural styles in the urban. Also eco-tourism was introduced. Theme park and resorts were developed in tourist spots(Palawan, Davao, Bohol, Intramuros, Batangas. Guven cultural heritage preservation, heritage towns like Vigan, Dapitan etc.. Were given attention.

Film

1897 – Film industry was introduced by foreign

businessman. In 1912 the film about the life of Dr. Jose Rizal was produced by Edward Gross and Harry Brown and film became popular and start in the country. Jose Nepomuceno is the first Filipino who produced a film and he considered as “Father of Philippine Movies”.”Dalagang Bukid”. 

Philippine was influenced by Hollywood because

of it became their set of model. Limited budget and outdated technology(problem of Filipino producers) They used Tagalog language in movies and portraying lives of Filipino was applied their edge. Theater forms was also proceed in film production because theater art and film are related to each other.

Philippine Literature(novels and folklores(beliefs.

Customs, stories) was used as source in movie themes. Florante at Laura, Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo etc.. as adaptation in Movie Established of film companies(Filippine Film, Parlatone Hispano-Filipino, Excelsior Pictures, Sampaguita Pictures Inc., LVN Pictures, X’Otic Film Increase of local movie actor and actresses. Hollywood film is more appeal than Japanese film or movies.

1942 stoppage of movie production and it resumed

after war. The movies contained war stories and heroism( Garrison 13 and Dugo ng Bayan). In 1950s regain strength and flourished of Philippine Film Industry. LVN, Sampaguita, Lebran and Premiere considered as Big Four Film studios. Film awards was also established, the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Science and Maria Clara Awards

Recognition of Filipino movies, Directors and

Producers in local and international. Ifugao by Gerardo Deleon and Anak Dalita by Lamberto Avellana. Independent producers became dominated in film industry and sex films also enter in movie industry. Action, drama and comedy also became popular in film industry.

Filmmaking regulated by the Government during

Marcos Era. Board of Censorship Motion Pictures(BCMP), more young directors enter and started the so-called new cinema.Lino Brocka, Celdo ad-Castillo and Ishmael Bernal,they used themes on nationhood, love in a hostile(harsh/enemy)setting and social issues. More directors studied in film industry art form became member and enter in movies, Marilou Diaz Abay, Mike deLeon, Laurice Guillen, Maria O’Hara and Mel Chionglo

Filmmaker create alternative cinema or independent

film(director Kidlat Tahimik) because of lightweight technologies. Schools, plazas and other common public places used as screening venues in creating movies also used international film fest and outreach program. Martyr wife, superheroes, action, melodrama, comedy etc.. Apply in creating movies. In regional setting through CCP’s Coordinating Center for Film, educational and outreach programs which promote quality film and conduct film courses established.

Thank you and Good Day!!!.. Long Quiz tomorrow… Prepare ½ lengthwise yellow paper no paper no quiz.

By: Noel Francisco Ruga

Chapter 2

Philippine Artist and their Contributions to Contemporary Arts

Introduction Many exceptional Filipino artist

emerged as the arts in the country progresses. These artist aid in promoting arts in and out of the Philippines through their organizes their contribution in specific field of arts. 

The Order is administered by the

Cultural Center of the Philippines by virtue of President Ferdinand Marcos's Proclamation № 1001 of April 2, 1972 and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts to give awards to all notable contemporary artists and the most prestigious recognition of them is the Order of the National Artist Award( Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining)

The NCCA not only focus on the development

of the modern and contemporary arts but also in the preservation of the traditional arts as well being the foundation of the arts in the country. The government also gives recognition to the nation’s finest traditional artist at present through the GAMABA or the National Living Treasure Awards

Highlights of the Philippine artist modern

and contemporary and traditional arts. Recipients of the Order of the National Artist of the Philippines and GAMABA awards. Topics: contributors in different Arts form. To preserve and protect and enrichment of the Philippine Arts.