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ISO 12944 - 2018
Reason for coating failure 1992
Reason for Coating Failure 2000
What is ISO 12944
Comprehensive “instructions” providing guidance for engineers, consultants, contractors and coatings suppliers when dealing with the corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems.
“Instructions” divided into 9 separate parts
Defines “Durability” of coating systems Defines “Corrosivity Categories” of environments Provides guidance in coating system specifications
Local Standards that Adopt ISO 12944
Surat Edaran Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat, Nomer : 26/SE/M/2015, tanggal 23 April 2015, tentang Pedoman Perlindungan Komponen Jembatan dengan cara Pengecatan. Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) ISO 12922-5:2012, tentang Cat dan Pernis – Perlindungan dari Korosi pada Struktur Baja dengan Sistem Pengecatan bagian 5 : Sistem Pengecatan Pelindung
Part 1 – General Introduction
Durability : The level of coating failure prior to first major maintenance painting. Agreement between interested parties (based on ISO 4628-1 & ISO 4628-5), e.g. Ri2 (0.5%) or Ri3 (1%) Not a guarantee time ! Expressed in terms of 3 ranges 4 ranges (2018)
Part 1 – General Introduction
Durability Range - current low (L):
2 to 5 Years
medium (M):
5 to 15 Years
high (H):
more than 15 Years
Durability Range - proposed low (L):
up to 7 Years
medium (M):
7 to 15 Years
high (H):
15 to 25 Years
very high (VH):
more than 25 Years
Part 1 – General Introduction
Classification of environments
12944:2007 C1 to C5M/I 12944:2018 C1 to Cx 12944:2007 Im1 to Im3 12944:2018 Im1 to Im4
Part 1 – General Introduction Integration of ISO 20340 as Part 9
Part 2 – Classification of Environments
Atmospheric -: defined from weight loss of metallic (low carbon steel and zinc) specimens over a defined period of 1 year (not more and not less).
There are obvious differences in this approach because of change of climate on a yearly basis, but this certainly helps quantify the corrosivity of an environment.
Water & Soil (Immersed / Buried)
Part 2 – Classification of Environments
catergory
corrosivity
Examples (outdoor)
C2
Low
Temperate zone, atmospheric environment with low pollution SO2: <5 μg/m3 eg rural areas Dry or cold zone with short time of wetness
C3
Medium
Temperate zone, atmospheric environment with medium pollution (SO2: 5 μg/m3 to 30 μg/m3) or some effect of chlorides, e.g. urban areas, coastal areas with low deposition of chlorides Subtropical and tropical zone, atmosphere with low pollution
C4
High
Temperate zone, atmospheric environment with high pollution (SO2: 30 μg/m3 to 90 μg/m3) or substantial effect of chlorides, e.g. polluted urban areas, industrial areas, coastal areas without spray of salt water or, exposure to strong effect of de-icing salts Subtropical and tropical zone, atmosphere with medium pollution
C5
Very high
Temperate and subtropical zone, atmospheric environment with very high pollution (SO2: 90 μg/m3 to 250 μg/m3) and/or significant effect of chlorides, e.g. industrial areas, coastal areas, sheltered positions on coastline
Cx
extreme
Subtropical and tropical zone (very high time of wetness), atmospheric environment with very high SO2 pollution (higher than 250 μg/m3) including accompanying and production factors and/or strong effect of chlorides, e.g. extreme industrial areas, coastal and offshore areas, occasional contact with salt spray
Part 2 – Classification of Environments
New Categories for Underwater / Immersed Structures Category
Environment
Examples of environments and structures
Im1 Im2 Im3 Im4
Fresh water Sea or brackish water Soil Sea or brackish water
River installations, hydro-electric power plants Immersed structures without cathodic protection Buried tanks, steel piles, steel pipes Immersed structures with cathodic protection
Immersion category IM4 for offshore use only
Part 2 – Classification of Environments
Corrosion Categories: No division into C5M and C5I anymore: corrosion category C5 only Corrosion category Cx (extreme corrosion) is added. Remark: Cx = Offshore covered in Part 9 only, no other “extreme environments“ in ISO 12944. New examples for table 1 (corrosion categories)
Part 3 – Design Consideration Basic design criteria to avoid premature corrosion / coating degradation. Outside the scope of protective coatings manufacturers.
This can only really be fully implemented at the new Construction stage or by major modification at a later date. Coatings are often expected to alleviate, or help alleviate, corrosion problems due to design errors. ◦ E.g. thick film coatings / edge retentive
Part 3 – Design Consideration
Part 4 – Type surface and Surface preparation Describes types of surfaces to be coated ◦ Mill scale steel, thermal sprayed, hot dip galvanized, zinc-electroplated etc
Describes surface preparation methods ◦ Water cleaning, steam cleaning, solvent cleaning ◦ Hand tool / power tool cleaning ◦ Blast cleaning (dry & wet) ◦ Types e.g. centrifugal, compressed air, vacuum etc
◦ Sweep blasting / spot blasting ◦ Water blast cleaning (HP, UHP)
◦ Grades / standards ISO (Sa, St etc)
Part 5 – Protective Paint Systems ISO 12944 can be seen as a tool for providing the customer with a solution to their anticipated structural steel corrosion problems. This means supplying an adequate protective coating system that will meet both the durability and corrosive category requirements. 1. Use Part 2 to select the corrosive category for where the steel structure will be located.
2. Decide on the design life (durability) requirements of the protective coating system, (Low/Medium/High). 3. Use Part 5 to choose the most effective coating system to meet these needs.
Part 5 – Protective Paint Systems
Part 5 – Protective Paint Systems Selecting coating specs via ISO 12944 part 5 provides the customer with: Confidence that the corrosion protection will meet the demands of the environment and design life An objective approach to coating selection A simplified matrix of proven coating systems to chose from A meaningful coating design life A globally accepted standard
Part 5 – Protective Paint Systems
Amendments Obsolete binder were eliminated. Remark regarding “alternative topcoats” was added (Polysiloxanes, Polyaspartics, Fluor polymers) Remark regarding “innovative systems” was added. Passage regarding “well proven” systems was added.
Part 5 – Protective Paint Systems
Amendments Annexes A and B are normative now rather than informative. The minimum requirements are clearly defined and binding. Systems for “very high durability“ added to tables. Revision of the tables and number of systems reduced – new numbering protocol.
Part 5 – Protective Paint Systems Annex B (normative) – Minimum number of coats, minimum requirement for the overall dry film thickness for C2 to C5 on blasted steel
Note: The DFTs were partly reduced.
Part 5 – Protective Paint Systems Annex B (normative) – Minimum number of coats, minimum requirements for the overall dry film thickness for C2 to C5 on galvanized steel
Part 5 – Protective Paint Systems
Annex B (normative) – Minimum number of coats, minimum requirements for the overall dry film thickness for C2 to C5 on thermally sprayed steel
Part 5 – Protective Paint Systems Annex C (informative) – Protective Paint Systems for Corrosivity Category C5 for Low-Alloy Carbon Steel
Example tables available for all the other corrosivity categories
Part 5 – Protective Paint Systems Selection of non-standard coating systems: 1. Innovative Systems „New innovative coating technologies when available may provide equivalent corrosion protection, at lower NDFT and/or reduced MNOC compared to the current coating technologies covered in this standard.“ → These systems can be used, when tested according ISO 12944 – part 6 and based on track records.
2. Well-proven Systems „The same applies to proven systems that have been performing well over a long field experience period despite not fulfilling the requirements concerning minimum number of coats and minimum dry film thickness.“ → These systems can be used based on long term track records.
Part 6 – Laboratory Performance Test Methods Specifies lab based performance tests for the assessment of coating systems ◦ Corrosivity environments considered ◦ Durability range considered
Basic PC industry tests utilized / short term duration ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Neutral salt spray (ISO 7253) Condensation (ISO 6270) Water immersion / Chemical resistance (ISO 2812-1, 2) C5 dealt with via new ISO 20340
Part 6 – Laboratory Performance Test Methods Corrosion Tests Testing method for corrosion category C4 and C5: Proposal: Cyclic testing according ISO 20340 would be used for
•
C4 very high - 10 cycles (alternatively salt spray and continuous condensation)
•
C5 high - 10 cycles (alternatively salt spray and continuous condensation)
•
C5 very high - 16 cycles
Remark:
Cx offshore = 25 cycles
Part 6 – Laboratory Performance Test Methods Corrosion Tests Corrosion creep and delamination based on average of 9 measurements. Scribe width = 2 mm Scribe acceptance 1mm for salt spray and 3mm for CCT regardless of primer used No test requirements for Cx added covered in part 9
Part 7 - Execution of work Deals with ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Substrate Condition H&S Supply / Storage / Application Conditions / Methods Supervision / Measurement (dft) Reference Areas ◦ Establish minimum acceptable standard for work
◦ Allows assessment at any time ◦ Can be used as part of guarantee (if agreed)
Part 8 – Development of Specifications for New Work and Maintenance Provides guidance (engineers) for the development of coating specifications Takes into account information from parts 1 – 7 “Flow Charts” for project planning
Checklists / examples
Part 9 – Protective Paint Systems for Offshore
Corrosion Categories – Amendments to current ISO 20340 Corrosion Category C5M will become Cx Offshore Immersion Category IM2 will become IM4
Part 9 – Protective Paint Systems for Offshore Acceptability criteria for the laboratory tests Uniform requirements regarding corrosion creep for zinc primer and non zinc primers Uniform minimum requirements for pull-off adhesion
Min. 5 MPa prior testing Min. 2,5 MPa after ageing without adhesive break
Part 9 – Coating Systems for Offshore Maximum Corrosion Creep The maximum values for corrosion creep will still be heavily discussed. According to the current status the following values are intended: Max. 8 mm for tidal zone / splash zone (cyclic testing) Max. 3 mm for all atmospheric conditions (cyclic testing)
Max. 6 mm for immersed areas (immersion testing) .
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