Job Procedure For Visual Testing (general)
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
Document No:
QHSE/ P 11/CNDT/JP05 /VT
Rev
06
Issue Date
Prepared by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Name & Signature: Vipin Kumar
Name & Signature: Prakriti Samanta
Name & Signature: Ganesh Babu
Date: 28 Dec 2017
Date: 28 Dec 2017
Date: 28 Dec 2017
28 Dec 2017
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
CONTENTS
Section
Description
Page No.
AMENDMENT RECORD 1.
SCOPE
4
2.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
4
3.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4
4.
EXAMINATION
5
5.
DIRECT VISUAL EXAMINATION
6
6.
REMOTE VISUAL EXAM
6
7.
TRANSLUSCENT VISUAL EXAM
7
8.
EVALUATION
8
9.
ACCEPTANCE STANDARD Structural welds
8
10.
RECORDS
11
11.
ACCEPTANCE STANDARD Piping welds
14
12.
SAMPLE REPORT FORMAT
19
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 2 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
AMENDMENT RECORD Revision No.
Date of Amendment
Section / Checklist Amended
06
28 Dec 2017
Sec 2.0,3.1,12.0
05
26 Dec 2016
Sec 2 & 7
All
Name Amendment Details Changes in Sec 2.0,3.1,12.0 Modification in sec 2&7 Overall formatting and old Procedure Reference No. Aries/VT/01 changed to new number P 11/CNDT/JP
Reviewed Prakriti Samanta Prakriti Samanta
Prakriti Samanta
Approved Ganesh Babu Ganesh Babu
Ganesh Babu
04
03 Jan 2016
03
16 .05. 2013
Revised
Ganesh Babu
Ramasamy
02
16.11.2010
Revised
Jessen P.
Ramasamy
01
10.08.2009
Revised
Jessen P.
Ramasamy
00
10.08.2001
Initial Issue
Jessen P.
Ramasamy
All
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 3 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General) 1. 1.1
SCOPE The scope of this procedure to describe the methods and requirements for performing visual inspection of Equipment and Accessories
1.2
Inspections performed in accordance with this procedure are for the purpose of detecting discontinuities open to the surface of the item examined.
2.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Current edition of the following documents shall be referred: ANSI/AWS D1.1, Structural Welding Code; 2015 Edition 6
ANSI/AWS QC-1 -88, Standard for Qualification and Certification of Welding Inspectors ANSI/AWS B1.10-86, Guide for the Nondestructive Inspection of Welds-2010 Edition American Society for Nondestructive Testing, SNT-TC- 1A-2011& 2016 Edition ASME Sec V Ed 2017 Article 9-Visual Examination 3.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1.
Personnel
3.1.1. Personnel performing examinations to the requirements of this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance with Aries company procedure for qualification
6
and certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel. 3.1.2. The inspector shall be familiar with drawings, codes, specifications, weld procedure and performance qualification requirements and workmanship standards. 3.1.3. Inspector shall be certified to SNT-TC-1A NDT Level II or Equivalent in Visual Testing or Inspector shall be certified to CSWIP 3.1 or Equivalent or Inspector shall be certified to AWS or equivalent. 3.1.4. Personnel performing Examination shall have vision, with correction if necessary, to enable to read Jaeger Type No. 1 Standard Chart at a distance of not less than 300mm, and differentiate the contrast between the colors or shades of gray, and records of such vision test shall be maintained by ARIES. Vision tests shall be conducted annually and be current during examination.
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 4 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
3.2.
Equipment
3.2.1. Inspection tools are sometimes required for some aspects of weld inspection. Some of the tools that may be used are: Measuring scales and fillet gages, Hi-Lo welding gage - Internal alignment gages, Bridge Cam gauge - Profile gauges, Undercut gauge - Pit depth gauge, micrometers. Inspection mirrors, horoscopes, magnifiers. Surface thermometers, temperature sticks, pyrometers. 3.3.
Surface Preparation
3.3.1 The surface on metal shall be smooth, uniform, and free from fins, tears and cracks. The surfaces to be welded and adjacent surface of Inspection areas shall be free from loose or thick scale, slag, rust, grease, and other foreign material that would prevent an Inspection. 3.3.2 Visual examination can be conducted when the surface to be examined is in the as welded, as-rolled, as-cast, or as-forged condition. The determination of an acceptable surface condition is the responsibility of the Visual Inspector. 4.
EXAMINATION Visual examination is generally used to determine such things as the surface condition of the part, alignment of mating surfaces, shape, or evidence of leaking. In addition, visual examination is used to determine a composite material’s (translucent laminate) subsurface conditions.
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 5 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
4.1.
Before Welding Inspection prior to fabrication can eliminate conditions that tend to cause weld defects. Scabs, seams and scale may be detected at this time, and plate laminations may observe on cut edges. Other areas requiring inspection prior to welding are:
1.
Proper edge preparation, dimensions, and finish
2.
Clearance dimensions of backing strips, backing rings, and consumable inserts
3.
Alignment and fit-up of work pieces
4.
Verification of correct materials by check of records
5.
Verification of cleanliness requirements and condition of tack welds
6.
Verification of welding procedure and performance qualification
4.2.
During Welding
Visual inspection during welding essentially consists of monitoring the production welding to assure that it is being conducted in accordance with the appropriate procedure. Note that the root pass in a multi pass weld is the most critical one from the standpoint of weld soundness. The following items should be checked during the welding process.
1. Welding process and conditions 2. Welding variables 3. Filler metal 4. Flux and protective gases 5. Preheat and inter pass temperatures 6. Distortion control 7. Inter pass chipping, grinding or gouging 8. Inspection intervals (either time or sequence) 4.3.
After Welding
Visual examination after welding will detect surface discontinuities in the weld and base metal. Visual features are evaluated in accordance with the applicable code which will describe the permissible amount of a certain type of discontinuity. The following items should be checked at the completion of welding:
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 6 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General) Dimensional accuracy Completion of welding Size of legs and throat of fillet welds Contour, reinforcement, and surface finish of welds Degree of under fill, undercut and overlap Weld spatter, crater cracks, impression marking, scratches, gouges, and arc strikes Handling damage Completion of post weld heat treatment Nondestructive inspection and results
5. DIRECT VISUAL EXAMINATION Direct visual examination may usually be made when access is sufficient to place the eye within 24 in. (600 mm) of the surface to be examined and at an angle not less than 30 deg to the surface to be examined. Mirrors may be used to improve the angle of vision, and aids such as a magnifying lens may be used to assist examinations. Illumination (natural or supplemental white light) of the examination surface is required for the specific part, component, vessel, or section thereof being examined.
The minimum light intensity shall be 100 fc (1 000 lx). The light intensity, natural or supplemental white light source, shall be measured with a white light meter prior to the examination or a verified light source shall be used. Verification of light sources is required to be demonstrated only one time, documented, and maintained on file.
6. REMOTE VISUAL EXAMINATION In some cases, remote visual examination may have to be substituted for direct examination. Remote visual examination may use visual aids such as mirrors, telescopes; bore scopes, fiber optics, cameras, or other suitable instruments. Such systems shall have a resolution capability at least equivalent to that obtainable by direct visual observation.
7. TRANSLUCENT VISUAL EXAMINATION Translucent visual examination is a supplement of direct visual examination. The method of translucent visual examination uses the aid of artificial lighting, which can be contained in an illuminator that produces directional lighting. The illuminator shall provide light of an intensity that will illuminate and diffuse the light evenly through the area or region under examination. The ambient lighting must be so arranged that there are no surface Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 7 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General) glares or reflections from the surface under examination and shall be less than the light applied through the area or region under examination. The artificial light source shall have sufficient intensity to permit “candling” any translucent laminate thickness variations.
8. EVALUATION All examinations shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance standards of the referencing Code Section. An examination checklist shall be used to plan visual examination and to verify that the required visual observations were performed. This checklist establishes minimum examination requirements and does not indicate the maximum examination which the Manufacturer may perform in process. Even though dimensions, etc., were recorded in the process of visual examination to aid in the evaluation, there need not be documentation of each viewing or each dimensional check. Documentation shall include all observation and dimensional checks specified by the referencing Code Section
9. ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS All relevant indications shall be evaluated to the acceptance standards specified by the contract documents or the client's purchase order. Repaired areas shall be re-examined using the original examination procedure. Examination of repaired areas shall be indicated by writing "Repaired" on the reports.
9.1 AWS D1.1 Acceptance Criteria for Structural welds 9.1.1 Tubular Products/Statically Loaded Structures Visual inspection shall be unacceptable if the examination shows any of the following: a)
Any type of crack
b)
Lack of fusion between adjacent layers of weld metal or between weld metal and
base metal. (c)
Weld crater lack of fill to full cross section, except for ends of intermittent fillet
welds outside their effective length. (d) Weld profiles not in accordance with Figure 1, for acceptable weld profiles. (e)
Undercut shall not exceed 1/32 inch for materials less than 1 inch thick, or a
total of 1/16 for an accumulated length of 2 inch in any 12 inch length. For material equal to or greater than 1 inch thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/16 inch for any length of weld. Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 8 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General) (f)
Under run of the nominal fillet size in excess of 1/16 inch in any single
continuous
weld. 1/16 inch under run is permissible provided that the undersize
portion of the weld does not exceed 10% of the weld length. No under run shall be permitted at the ends of web-to-flange welds on girders for a length equal to twice the width of the flange. (g)
The sum of diameters of visible piping porosity 1/32 inch or greater in fillet
welds shall not exceed 3/8 inch in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 inch in any 12 inch length of weld. (h)
Complete joint penetration groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction
of computed tensile stress shall have no porosity. For all other groove welds, the sum of the visible piping porosity 1/32 inch or greater in diameter shall not exceed 3/8 inch in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 inch in any 12 inch length of weld. 5.1.2 Dynamically Loaded Structures Welds shall be visually unacceptable if the examination shows any of the following: a. Any type of crack b. Lack of fusion between adjacent layers of weld metal or between weld metal and base metal.
c.
Lack of fill at the weld crater to full cross section, except for ends of intermittent fillet welds outside their effective length.
d. Weld profiles not in accordance with Figure 1, for acceptable weld profiles. e. Undercut in primary members greater than 0.01 inch deep when the weld is transverse to tensile stress under any design loading condition. All other cases undercut in excess of 1/32 inch deep. f. Fillet welds with piping porosity in excess of one in each 4 inch of weld length and the maximum diameter exceeding 3/32 inch. EXCEPTION: Fillet welds connecting stiffeners to web, the sum of the diameters of piping porosity shall not exceed 3/8 inch in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 inch in any 12 inch length. g. Under run of the nominal fillet size in excess of 1/16 inch in any single continuous weld. 1/16 inch under run is permissible provided that the undersize portion of the weld does not exceed 10% of the weld length. No under run shall be permitted at
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 9 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General) the ends of web-to-flange welds on girders for a length equal to twice the width of the flange. h. Groove welds with piping porosity in excess of one in 4 inch of weld length and the maximum diameter exceeding 3/32 inch. (1) Piping porosity in complete joint penetration groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress. 9.2 AWS Visual Inspection of Procedure and Welder Qualification Pipe and Tubing Welds shall conform to the following requirements for visual acceptance:
a. Weld shall be free of cracks. b. Craters shall be filled to full cross section of weld. c. The weld shall have a smooth, transition between the weld and the base metal. Undercut shall not exceed 1/32 inch and weld reinforcement shall not exceed 1/8 inch. d. The root shall be inspected and have no evidence of cracks, incomplete fusion, or lack of joint penetration. e. Maximum root surface concavity shall be 1/16 inch and the maximum melt through shall be 1/8 inch. For T-, K-, and Y-connections, melt-through at the root is considered desirable and shall not be cause for rejection. 9.3 AWS Visual Inspection of Procedure and Welder Qualification Plate All welds shall be visually acceptable if the following conditions are satisfied: a. Weld shall have no cracks. b. Complete fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld metal and base metal. c. Craters shall be filled to full cross section of the weld, except for the ends of intermittent fillet welds outside their effective length. d. Weld profiles shall be in accordance with Figure 1 e. Undercut shall be no more than 1/32 inch. f. Frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4 inch of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 inch.
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 10 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
10. RECORDS A report shall be completed for each examination. Any interpretation that is doubtful or if differences in interpretation exist, the interpretation shall be resolved by consultation with the responsible NDE Level III. Reports Typical to than shown in Example 1 should be used. If reports other than that shown are used, they shall contain as a minimum, the information noted in Example 1 and should be approved by the client.
(f) Frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4 inch of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 inch.
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 11 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
11.0 Acceptance / Rejection criteria shall be as per ASME B31.3
All relevant indications shall be evaluated to the acceptance standards specified by the contract documents or the client's purchase order. Repaired areas shall be re-examined using the original examination procedure. Examination of repaired areas shall be indicated by writing "Repaired" on the reports. 11.1
ASME B31.3 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
11.1.1 Tubular Products/ Visual inspection shall be unacceptable if the examination shows any of the following: a)
Any type of crack
b) Lack of fusion between adjacent layers of weld metal or between weld metal and base metal. (c) Weld crater lack of fill to full cross section, except for ends of intermittent fillet welds outside their effective length.
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
12. SAMPLE REPORT FORMAT (Aries/AMES/VI/01-Rev00) 6
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 19 of 19
Document No:
QHSE/ P 11/CNDT/JP05 /VT
Rev
06
Issue Date
Prepared by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
Name & Signature: Vipin Kumar
Name & Signature: Prakriti Samanta
Name & Signature: Ganesh Babu
Date: 28 Dec 2017
Date: 28 Dec 2017
Date: 28 Dec 2017
28 Dec 2017
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
CONTENTS
Section
Description
Page No.
AMENDMENT RECORD 1.
SCOPE
4
2.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
4
3.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4
4.
EXAMINATION
5
5.
DIRECT VISUAL EXAMINATION
6
6.
REMOTE VISUAL EXAM
6
7.
TRANSLUSCENT VISUAL EXAM
7
8.
EVALUATION
8
9.
ACCEPTANCE STANDARD Structural welds
8
10.
RECORDS
11
11.
ACCEPTANCE STANDARD Piping welds
14
12.
SAMPLE REPORT FORMAT
19
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 2 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
AMENDMENT RECORD Revision No.
Date of Amendment
Section / Checklist Amended
06
28 Dec 2017
Sec 2.0,3.1,12.0
05
26 Dec 2016
Sec 2 & 7
All
Name Amendment Details Changes in Sec 2.0,3.1,12.0 Modification in sec 2&7 Overall formatting and old Procedure Reference No. Aries/VT/01 changed to new number P 11/CNDT/JP
Reviewed Prakriti Samanta Prakriti Samanta
Prakriti Samanta
Approved Ganesh Babu Ganesh Babu
Ganesh Babu
04
03 Jan 2016
03
16 .05. 2013
Revised
Ganesh Babu
Ramasamy
02
16.11.2010
Revised
Jessen P.
Ramasamy
01
10.08.2009
Revised
Jessen P.
Ramasamy
00
10.08.2001
Initial Issue
Jessen P.
Ramasamy
All
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 3 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General) 1. 1.1
SCOPE The scope of this procedure to describe the methods and requirements for performing visual inspection of Equipment and Accessories
1.2
Inspections performed in accordance with this procedure are for the purpose of detecting discontinuities open to the surface of the item examined.
2.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Current edition of the following documents shall be referred: ANSI/AWS D1.1, Structural Welding Code; 2015 Edition 6
ANSI/AWS QC-1 -88, Standard for Qualification and Certification of Welding Inspectors ANSI/AWS B1.10-86, Guide for the Nondestructive Inspection of Welds-2010 Edition American Society for Nondestructive Testing, SNT-TC- 1A-2011& 2016 Edition ASME Sec V Ed 2017 Article 9-Visual Examination 3.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1.
Personnel
3.1.1. Personnel performing examinations to the requirements of this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance with Aries company procedure for qualification
6
and certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel. 3.1.2. The inspector shall be familiar with drawings, codes, specifications, weld procedure and performance qualification requirements and workmanship standards. 3.1.3. Inspector shall be certified to SNT-TC-1A NDT Level II or Equivalent in Visual Testing or Inspector shall be certified to CSWIP 3.1 or Equivalent or Inspector shall be certified to AWS or equivalent. 3.1.4. Personnel performing Examination shall have vision, with correction if necessary, to enable to read Jaeger Type No. 1 Standard Chart at a distance of not less than 300mm, and differentiate the contrast between the colors or shades of gray, and records of such vision test shall be maintained by ARIES. Vision tests shall be conducted annually and be current during examination.
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 4 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
3.2.
Equipment
3.2.1. Inspection tools are sometimes required for some aspects of weld inspection. Some of the tools that may be used are: Measuring scales and fillet gages, Hi-Lo welding gage - Internal alignment gages, Bridge Cam gauge - Profile gauges, Undercut gauge - Pit depth gauge, micrometers. Inspection mirrors, horoscopes, magnifiers. Surface thermometers, temperature sticks, pyrometers. 3.3.
Surface Preparation
3.3.1 The surface on metal shall be smooth, uniform, and free from fins, tears and cracks. The surfaces to be welded and adjacent surface of Inspection areas shall be free from loose or thick scale, slag, rust, grease, and other foreign material that would prevent an Inspection. 3.3.2 Visual examination can be conducted when the surface to be examined is in the as welded, as-rolled, as-cast, or as-forged condition. The determination of an acceptable surface condition is the responsibility of the Visual Inspector. 4.
EXAMINATION Visual examination is generally used to determine such things as the surface condition of the part, alignment of mating surfaces, shape, or evidence of leaking. In addition, visual examination is used to determine a composite material’s (translucent laminate) subsurface conditions.
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 5 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
4.1.
Before Welding Inspection prior to fabrication can eliminate conditions that tend to cause weld defects. Scabs, seams and scale may be detected at this time, and plate laminations may observe on cut edges. Other areas requiring inspection prior to welding are:
1.
Proper edge preparation, dimensions, and finish
2.
Clearance dimensions of backing strips, backing rings, and consumable inserts
3.
Alignment and fit-up of work pieces
4.
Verification of correct materials by check of records
5.
Verification of cleanliness requirements and condition of tack welds
6.
Verification of welding procedure and performance qualification
4.2.
During Welding
Visual inspection during welding essentially consists of monitoring the production welding to assure that it is being conducted in accordance with the appropriate procedure. Note that the root pass in a multi pass weld is the most critical one from the standpoint of weld soundness. The following items should be checked during the welding process.
1. Welding process and conditions 2. Welding variables 3. Filler metal 4. Flux and protective gases 5. Preheat and inter pass temperatures 6. Distortion control 7. Inter pass chipping, grinding or gouging 8. Inspection intervals (either time or sequence) 4.3.
After Welding
Visual examination after welding will detect surface discontinuities in the weld and base metal. Visual features are evaluated in accordance with the applicable code which will describe the permissible amount of a certain type of discontinuity. The following items should be checked at the completion of welding:
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 6 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General) Dimensional accuracy Completion of welding Size of legs and throat of fillet welds Contour, reinforcement, and surface finish of welds Degree of under fill, undercut and overlap Weld spatter, crater cracks, impression marking, scratches, gouges, and arc strikes Handling damage Completion of post weld heat treatment Nondestructive inspection and results
5. DIRECT VISUAL EXAMINATION Direct visual examination may usually be made when access is sufficient to place the eye within 24 in. (600 mm) of the surface to be examined and at an angle not less than 30 deg to the surface to be examined. Mirrors may be used to improve the angle of vision, and aids such as a magnifying lens may be used to assist examinations. Illumination (natural or supplemental white light) of the examination surface is required for the specific part, component, vessel, or section thereof being examined.
The minimum light intensity shall be 100 fc (1 000 lx). The light intensity, natural or supplemental white light source, shall be measured with a white light meter prior to the examination or a verified light source shall be used. Verification of light sources is required to be demonstrated only one time, documented, and maintained on file.
6. REMOTE VISUAL EXAMINATION In some cases, remote visual examination may have to be substituted for direct examination. Remote visual examination may use visual aids such as mirrors, telescopes; bore scopes, fiber optics, cameras, or other suitable instruments. Such systems shall have a resolution capability at least equivalent to that obtainable by direct visual observation.
7. TRANSLUCENT VISUAL EXAMINATION Translucent visual examination is a supplement of direct visual examination. The method of translucent visual examination uses the aid of artificial lighting, which can be contained in an illuminator that produces directional lighting. The illuminator shall provide light of an intensity that will illuminate and diffuse the light evenly through the area or region under examination. The ambient lighting must be so arranged that there are no surface Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 7 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General) glares or reflections from the surface under examination and shall be less than the light applied through the area or region under examination. The artificial light source shall have sufficient intensity to permit “candling” any translucent laminate thickness variations.
8. EVALUATION All examinations shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance standards of the referencing Code Section. An examination checklist shall be used to plan visual examination and to verify that the required visual observations were performed. This checklist establishes minimum examination requirements and does not indicate the maximum examination which the Manufacturer may perform in process. Even though dimensions, etc., were recorded in the process of visual examination to aid in the evaluation, there need not be documentation of each viewing or each dimensional check. Documentation shall include all observation and dimensional checks specified by the referencing Code Section
9. ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS All relevant indications shall be evaluated to the acceptance standards specified by the contract documents or the client's purchase order. Repaired areas shall be re-examined using the original examination procedure. Examination of repaired areas shall be indicated by writing "Repaired" on the reports.
9.1 AWS D1.1 Acceptance Criteria for Structural welds 9.1.1 Tubular Products/Statically Loaded Structures Visual inspection shall be unacceptable if the examination shows any of the following: a)
Any type of crack
b)
Lack of fusion between adjacent layers of weld metal or between weld metal and
base metal. (c)
Weld crater lack of fill to full cross section, except for ends of intermittent fillet
welds outside their effective length. (d) Weld profiles not in accordance with Figure 1, for acceptable weld profiles. (e)
Undercut shall not exceed 1/32 inch for materials less than 1 inch thick, or a
total of 1/16 for an accumulated length of 2 inch in any 12 inch length. For material equal to or greater than 1 inch thick, undercut shall not exceed 1/16 inch for any length of weld. Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 8 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General) (f)
Under run of the nominal fillet size in excess of 1/16 inch in any single
continuous
weld. 1/16 inch under run is permissible provided that the undersize
portion of the weld does not exceed 10% of the weld length. No under run shall be permitted at the ends of web-to-flange welds on girders for a length equal to twice the width of the flange. (g)
The sum of diameters of visible piping porosity 1/32 inch or greater in fillet
welds shall not exceed 3/8 inch in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 inch in any 12 inch length of weld. (h)
Complete joint penetration groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction
of computed tensile stress shall have no porosity. For all other groove welds, the sum of the visible piping porosity 1/32 inch or greater in diameter shall not exceed 3/8 inch in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 inch in any 12 inch length of weld. 5.1.2 Dynamically Loaded Structures Welds shall be visually unacceptable if the examination shows any of the following: a. Any type of crack b. Lack of fusion between adjacent layers of weld metal or between weld metal and base metal.
c.
Lack of fill at the weld crater to full cross section, except for ends of intermittent fillet welds outside their effective length.
d. Weld profiles not in accordance with Figure 1, for acceptable weld profiles. e. Undercut in primary members greater than 0.01 inch deep when the weld is transverse to tensile stress under any design loading condition. All other cases undercut in excess of 1/32 inch deep. f. Fillet welds with piping porosity in excess of one in each 4 inch of weld length and the maximum diameter exceeding 3/32 inch. EXCEPTION: Fillet welds connecting stiffeners to web, the sum of the diameters of piping porosity shall not exceed 3/8 inch in any linear inch of weld and shall not exceed 3/4 inch in any 12 inch length. g. Under run of the nominal fillet size in excess of 1/16 inch in any single continuous weld. 1/16 inch under run is permissible provided that the undersize portion of the weld does not exceed 10% of the weld length. No under run shall be permitted at
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General) the ends of web-to-flange welds on girders for a length equal to twice the width of the flange. h. Groove welds with piping porosity in excess of one in 4 inch of weld length and the maximum diameter exceeding 3/32 inch. (1) Piping porosity in complete joint penetration groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of computed tensile stress. 9.2 AWS Visual Inspection of Procedure and Welder Qualification Pipe and Tubing Welds shall conform to the following requirements for visual acceptance:
a. Weld shall be free of cracks. b. Craters shall be filled to full cross section of weld. c. The weld shall have a smooth, transition between the weld and the base metal. Undercut shall not exceed 1/32 inch and weld reinforcement shall not exceed 1/8 inch. d. The root shall be inspected and have no evidence of cracks, incomplete fusion, or lack of joint penetration. e. Maximum root surface concavity shall be 1/16 inch and the maximum melt through shall be 1/8 inch. For T-, K-, and Y-connections, melt-through at the root is considered desirable and shall not be cause for rejection. 9.3 AWS Visual Inspection of Procedure and Welder Qualification Plate All welds shall be visually acceptable if the following conditions are satisfied: a. Weld shall have no cracks. b. Complete fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld metal and base metal. c. Craters shall be filled to full cross section of the weld, except for the ends of intermittent fillet welds outside their effective length. d. Weld profiles shall be in accordance with Figure 1 e. Undercut shall be no more than 1/32 inch. f. Frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4 inch of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 inch.
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
10. RECORDS A report shall be completed for each examination. Any interpretation that is doubtful or if differences in interpretation exist, the interpretation shall be resolved by consultation with the responsible NDE Level III. Reports Typical to than shown in Example 1 should be used. If reports other than that shown are used, they shall contain as a minimum, the information noted in Example 1 and should be approved by the client.
(f) Frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not exceed one in each 4 inch of weld length and the maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 inch.
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
Page 13 of 19
Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
11.0 Acceptance / Rejection criteria shall be as per ASME B31.3
All relevant indications shall be evaluated to the acceptance standards specified by the contract documents or the client's purchase order. Repaired areas shall be re-examined using the original examination procedure. Examination of repaired areas shall be indicated by writing "Repaired" on the reports. 11.1
ASME B31.3 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
11.1.1 Tubular Products/ Visual inspection shall be unacceptable if the examination shows any of the following: a)
Any type of crack
b) Lack of fusion between adjacent layers of weld metal or between weld metal and base metal. (c) Weld crater lack of fill to full cross section, except for ends of intermittent fillet welds outside their effective length.
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
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Job Procedure for Visual Testing (General)
12. SAMPLE REPORT FORMAT (Aries/AMES/VI/01-Rev00) 6
Doc. Ref.: QHSE/P 11/CNDT/JP05/VI Job Procedure for Visual Testing | Rev No: 06 | Date: 28 Dec 2017
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