Low Nox Emission Turbine Frame5

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Nuovo Pignone Global Services CONVERSIONS MODIFICATIONS & UPRATINGS DEPT

TECHNICAL PRODUCT REPORT To:

SONATRACH ALGERIA For:

DLN 1 – COMBUSTION SYTEM FOR MS5002C & MS5002D Prepared by :

D. Malquori

L. Bassani

Sr Application Engineer

Commercial Operations

M. Di Scipio Jr Application Engineer

Telephone : Fax : E.mail : Place, Date of Issue:

+39-055-423-3070 +39 - 055 - 423.3306 +39-055-423-2919 +39 - 055 - 423.2800 [email protected] [email protected] Italy- Florence, Monday- June 26th, 2006.

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INDEX - TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 3

2.

UPGRADE TO DRY LOW NOX .......................................................................................................... 3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6

PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION – DLN 1 ....................................................................................................... DLN 1 - FUEL REQUIREMENTS FOR FRAME 5 STANDARD KIT ............................................................. DLN 1 - PERFORMANCE BENEFITS ....................................................................................................... DLN 1 - TURNDOWN CAPABILITY ........................................................................................................ DLN 1 - EMISSIONS CAPABILITY ..........................................................................................................

3 3 8 8 9 9

3.

DLN 1 - SCOPE OF SUPPLY FOR MS5002C & MS5002D GTS ................................................... 11

4.

FIELD SERVICES FOR INSTALLATION & COMMISSIONING ................................................... 12

5.

EXPECTED EXCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................ 12

6.

MAINTENANCE INTERVAL SCHEDULES .................................................................................... 13

7.

MAINTENANCE SHUTDOWN SCHEDULES ................................................................................. 13

8.

RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, REFERENCES FOR FR5-2 DLN-1 FLEET ............................... 15

Tech Report: TECHDOC_DLN_FR5_SONATRACH.DO C

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1. INTRODUCTION End User, Inquirer: GE O&G: End User Plant:

Sonatrach. GE Oil & Gas – Nuovo Pignone. All Gas Turbines on all Plants own by Sonatrach.

General Electric- Infrastructure- Oil & Gas- Nuovo Pignone is pleased to present to Sonatrach this technical report related to the application of DLN 1 combustors on GE’ MS5002C and D Gas Turbines. The application is feasible in more Gas Turbines (GTs) GE O&G models owned by Sonatrach, hence including Nuovo Pignone packages, and this report is being specially oriented to MS5002C and D types, operating along all Plants managed and owned by Sonatrach. Further to information included below; an excellent technical overview of the conversion to DLN 1 can be found in GER-3568g, located on GE Energy’s internet site which you can find at following link: http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/tech_docs/en/downloads/ger3568g.pdf

2. UPGRADE TO DRY LOW NOX 2.1 PREFACE This technical report is for a Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion system that yields low emissions while operating in the dry premixed mode on natural gas fuel. The Dry Low NOx-I combustion system reduces NOx emission, without steam or water injection on gas fuel units, through lean-premixed burning in multizone combustion liners, and by new fuel control equipment which directs fuel to the different liner zones depending upon the mode of operation. This modification includes new combustion casings, combustion liners, combustion covers, and primary and secondary fuel nozzles. Several valves and piping arrangements will need to be modified or replaced. In addition, pre-Mk V turbine SpeedTronic control systems, and old Mk V models ‘A’, needs to be upgraded to Mk VI to support the advanced Control Algorithms required by DLN 1 control hardware (Hardware cards and EEPROM components not compatible with DLN 1 functions). Any Hot Gas Path hardware not currently belonging to Advance Technology will be converted to A/T configuration. For a complete technical description refer to following section.

2.2 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION – DLN 1 There are two sources of NOx emissions in the exhaust of the GT. Thermal NOx is generated by atmospheric nitrogen fixation in the flame. Conversion of fuel bound nitrogen (FBN) also generates NOx. Methods described here control thermal NOx emissions and are not effective in controlling the conversion of FBN. FBN is usually found in lower quality distillates, coal gasses, but no matter the source FBN must be taken into account when emission calculations are made. Thermal NOx is generated by a chemical reaction sequence called the Zeldovich Mechanism. This set of wellverified chemical reaction postulates that the generation of thermal NOx is an exponential function of the temperature of the flame and a linear function of time, which the hot gases are at flame temperature. Thus, temperature and residence time determine thermal NOx emission levels and are the main variables that a GT designer can adjust to control emission levels. 3 / 15

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Since, for a given fuel, the flame temperature is unique function of the equivalence ratio, the rate of NOx generation can be cast as a function of the equivalence ratio itself. This is illustrated in the figure, which shows that the highest rate of NOx production occurs at the equivalence ratio (ER) of ~1.0, when the temperature is equal to the stoichiometric, adiabatic flame temperature. As shown in the figure, the rate of NOx production falls off drastically as the flame temperature decreases since the two variables are exponentially joined. When ER is <1.0 we have a mixture fuel- lean, with more oxygen available than fuel and the resulting flame temperature is lower. The same effect occurs when ER is >1.0, but produces undesirable side effects like significant smoke and UHC’s. This temperature effect is, therefore, the key factor to reduce NOx emissions, and that is the reason why diluent injection (water or steam) into a gas turbine combustor flame zone reduces their production by reducing temperature. For the same reason, very lean dry combustors with their lower flame temperatures can be used to control emissions, with the advantage of avoiding the turbine efficiency and/or maintenance penalty associated with diluent injection.

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There are two design challenges associated with very lean combustors:
Care must be taken to ensure that the flame is stable at design operating point.
Turndown capability is necessary since a GT must ignite, accelerate, and operate over the load range. The GE O&G DLN 1 combustor is a two- stage premixed combustor designed for use with natural gas. The combustion system includes four major components: fuel injection system, liner, venturi and cap/ centerbody assembly. In Dry Low NOx-1 operation, fuel flow is administered to each combustion zone through the primary and secondary fuel nozzles while the airflow from the compressor is admitted inside the liner. The components are arranged to form two stages in the combustor. In the premixed mode, the first stage serves to thoroughly mix the fuel and air and deliver a uniform, lean, unburned fuel- air mixture to the second stage. Total fuel flow is controlled by conventional methods, either by speed/ ratio valve and gas control valve on gas fuel systems or by the fuel oil bypass valve for liquid systems. The combustion system is arranged to form two stages for combustion. Turbine operation, from start-up to full load, involves four different modes of combustion in the multizone combustion liner. The distribution of the fuel and flame to the different combustion zones is matched to turbine speed and load conditions to obtain the best performance and emissions. The modes are:

Mode

Operating Range

Primary:

Fuel only to primary nozzles. Flame is in the primary stage only. This mode of operation is used to ignite, accelerate and operate the machine over low to mid loads, up to a pre- selected combustion reference temperature.

Lean-Lean: Fuel to both the primary and secondary nozzles. Fuel to secondary nozzle only. Flame is in the secondary zone only. This mode is a stage. This mode of operation is used for intermediate loads, between two pre- selected combustion reference temperatures. Secondary:

Fuel to secondary nozzle only. Flame is in the secondary zone only. This mode is a transition state between lean- lean and premix modes. This mode is necessary to extinguish the flame in the primary zone, before fuel is reintroduced into what becomes the primary premixing zone.

Premix:

Fuel to both primary and secondary nozzles. Flame is in the secondary stage only. This mode of operation is achieved at and near the combustion reference temperature design point. Optimum emissions are generated in premix mode.

The load range associated with these modes will vary to a small extent with ambient temperature. At ISO ambient, the Low NOx premix operating range is VERY ROUGHLY 80 to 100 % load. Greater operating ranges can be achieved through the use of Inlet Bleed to reduce load by bleeding Compressor Discharge Air. Note: All indicated values (both in terms of fuel spit and percentage load) in the above picture are for reference only for an unit with variable IGV’s and are intended to demonstrate the operating modes.

This modification requires the replacement of all combustion components including liners, fuel nozzles, outer casings and covers, with new Dry Low NOx hardware including the necessary piping systems to accommodate the new combustion hardware. The combustion system supplied as part of this conversion includes features of an advance technology combustion system. 5 / 15 Tech Report: Sonatrach TECHDOC_DLN_FR5_SONATRACH.DO C

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DLN 1 SYSTEMS: Here is a schematic of the DLN 1 fuel delivery systems. The gas fuel system is made up of the gas fuel stop/ ratio valve (SRV), the gas control valve (GCV), the gas splitter valve (GSV). The stop/ ratio valve is designed to maintain a predetermined pressure, P2, at the control valve inlet. The gas control valve regulates the desired overall gas fuel flow delivered to the turbine in response to the command signal FSR from the control panel. The total gas flow is separated into two stages by the Gas Splitter Valve that controls the percentage of the total fuel flow delivered to the different stages of the DLN 1 multi- nozzle combustor (primary and secondary fuel nozzles). Reliable detection of the flame location in the DLN 1 system is critical to the control of the combustion process and to the protection of the GT hardware. Four flame detectors in separate combustion chambers around the GT are mounted to detect primary zone flame. Also, four flame detectors that look through the centerbody of secondary fuel nozzle in separate combustion chambers are dedicated to detect the presence of secondary flame.

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The spark plug and flame detector arrangements in DLN 1 combustor are different from those used in a conventional combustor. Since the first stage must be re-ignited at high load in order to transfer from the premixed mode back to lean- lean operation, the spark plug is not retractable. Two spark plugs located in different combustion chambers are used to ignite the fuel flow in the primary zone of the combustors. Flame is introduced in the secondary zone of the combustion chambers by igniting the secondary fuel flow with flame from the primary zone.

Refer to GER-3568g for additional information on the Dry Low NOx-I combustion system. Note: Actual minimum required fuel gas pressure depends on site conditions (mainly minimum temperature) and on actual fuel gas supplied. With natural gas over an ambient temperature range from 5 to 50 °C, the fuel gas supply pressure requested is min 20, max 24 barg (fuel gas requirements according to GEI41040G).

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2.3 DLN 1 - FUEL REQUIREMENTS FOR FRAME 5 STANDARD KIT Gas fuel used shall meet following specification limitations to use in DLN 1 combustion chamber:

DLN Combustor Gas Fuel Requirements Constituent Limits Constituent

Min % Vol CH4 85 C2H6 0 C3H8 0 C4+(parafin's) 0 CO 0 H2 0 O2 0 CO2 0 N2 0

Max % Vol 100 15 15 10 15 10 trace 15 30

Basis of percentage excluding inert species excluding inert species excluding inert species excluding inert species excluding inert species excluding inert species total species total species (note 2) total species (note 2)

Heating Value, Wobbe Index, Temperature Limits 1 Maximum allowable Wobbe Index variation for operation in Premix TBD 2 total inert content not to exceed 30% 3 Maximum fuel temperature 365F note fuels with high inert content may limit fuel heating due to Wobbe Index limits

Refer to GEI-41040G for COMPLETE specification for Gas Fuel limits.

2.4 DLN 1 - PERFORMANCE BENEFITS The Dry Low NOx-1 combustion system lowers the NOx emission levels on gas fuel fired units without the significant parts life reductions associated with steam or water injection NOx control systems. The expected NOx and CO emissions for units equipped with the DLN 1 system, with natural gas meeting our specification (GEI 41040G for fuel gas specifications), and in the premix mode operation are: FUEL GAS as per GEI 41040G Gas Turbine Model

NO x (ppmvd) @ 15% O2

MS5002C & MS5002D

42

CO (ppmvd) 50

Diluent Dry

Notes: 1) Emissions at high ambient temperatures cannot be guaranteed without a thorough site review to confirm that any maximum exhaust temperature limitations do not exist. In particular the maximum ambient temperature for NOx guarantees is tied to the maximum exhaust temperature limit and turndown levels. High ambient and high turndowns require High exhaust temperature limits requiring the purchase of a Stainless Steel exhaust diffuser capable of running at 1100 °F exhaust temperature. 2) Base load is defined as the gas turbine output with the gas turbine running on the base temperature control curve in the control specification at 100 % shaft speed design point. Emissions will vary at different operating points, however the customer can expect to meet the above emission levels over the PREMIX mode turndown range. Turndown is defined as the percent output relative to base load output at same ambient conditions. Greater operating ranges can be achieved through the use of Inlet bleed heating and the addition of a stainless steel exhaust diffuser. 3) Extra coverage could be available thanks to the extension of the turndown capability to lower loads by installing the Inlet Bleed Heating system (IBH), and the Stainless Steel (SS) Exhaust Diffuser. Such operability extension is possible on Fr5.2C, provided that a testing campaign, as part of GE O&G internal procedures, is carried out to release the final validation of this configuration. 4) Exhaust systems downstream the gas turbine such as waste heat recovery units must be capable of running at 1100 °F inlet temperature. 8 / 15

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5) DLN 1 installation implies no change to operation philosophy, assuming current operation does not require rapid loading/ unloading rates. Main difference is that DLN 1 combustion control uses a system to reduce airflow to the minimum level before reducing firing temperature (same logic of IBH), this is done to maintain fuel- air ratios within premix limits, thereby allowing the machine to operate in the most efficient emission control mode. This is equivalent to operation as a heat recovery machine (maximized exhaust temperature). 6) Water wash is the only acceptable method for compressor cleaning with DLN 1 combustion systems. 7) Converting to a Dry Low NOx combustion system is estimated to have a slight impact on turbine performance. Performance is reduced by the higher liner pressure drop of the DLN 1 combustion liner compared to standard diffusion type combustion liner. The higher pressure drop of the DLN 1 liner reduces unit output by approximately one percent. 8) Interconnecting piping and interconnecting wiring could require a dedicated special evaluation, as also an eventual replacement of the turbine compartment lagging such to provide more room for the DLN 1 combustion hardware. Should it be necessary to be retrofitted, it would lead to extra supplies. 9) Technical review meetings and detailed site surveys are required for each specific application.

2.5 DLN 1 - TURNDOWN CAPABILITY DLN 1 turndown capability is defined as the percent output relative to the base load output at the same ambient conditions in Premix mode (low NOx emissions). With DLN 1 combustion system it is possible to reduce greatly the NOx emissions thanks to a premixed kind of combustion (Premix Mode of operation). The premix mode can be reached within a certain range, which in terms of load means above a certain output power. Ambient conditions (ambient temperature in particular) and low-pressure turbine speed also have an impact on the turndown capability of the DLN 1. The range of operability of the DLN 1 for the Fr5C and D can be increased by the installation of an inlet bleed heating (IBH) system and allowing higher exhaust temperatures (1100 °F). This extension was already carried out and validated on the Fr5D model allowing in some ambient and operating conditions a turndown as low as 50 % of the full load while maintaining 35 ppmvd@15% O2 of NOx emissions. This extension is also possible on Fr5C provided that testing campaign, as part of the GE O&G internal procedures, is carried out to release the final validation to the Fr5C DLN extended operability program (to reduce from about 80 % current limit to about 50 % of load). Such testing campaign will involve mandatory engineering and testing activities that need to be scheduled according GE O&G products development planning.

2.6 DLN 1 - EMISSIONS CAPABILITY Following graphic represents the capabilities of the DLN 1 application, on MS5002C and D Gas Turbines, depending on two variables: Ambient Temperature (X- axis), % Output of the Gas Turbine (Y- axis). Graphic shows two curves, they are referred to two different kit’ configurations: Curve 1 (in RED color, toward top): the DLN 1 kit is so configured: - Minimum IGV’ angle aperture of 56 degrees; - Maximum exhaust gasses temperature control- set to 1100 F (special diffuser in SS); - Kit does not include the Inlet Bleed Heating system. Curve 2 (in GREEN color, toward bottom): the DLN 1 kit is so configured: - Minimum IGV’ angle aperture of 42 degrees; 42 degrees; - Maximum exhaust gasses temperature control- set to 1100 °F (special diffuser in SS); - Kit includes the Inlet Bleed Heating system.

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MS5002C & D, DLN 1 - Transfer Capability (LPT speed =100%) IGV 42°/1100°F/with IBH

IGV 56°/1100°F/w/o IBH

95.00 90.00 85.00

% Output

80.00 75.00 70.00 65.00 60.00 55.00 50.00 -10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Ambient Temperature (°C)

Interpretation of each of both curves: when a combination of Ambient Temperature and % Output results in a point placed above to each of the curves (depending on the interested configuration), 42 ppm or lower emissions are achievable, while it is not confirmable for points placed below to the curves. Main reason which determines comportment and interpretation of the curves, is that when conditions are above of the curve, the DLN 1 system is operating under Premixed/ Transfer stage, which are these where a better control and lower emissions are available. When Ambient Temperature and % Output are leading to operate below of the curve, the DLN 1 system could be operating under Primary / Lean- Lean stages, which instead does not allow a premix combustion, but a diffusive one. Regarding the Site Altitude, it can be confirmed that for a same % Output (generated Output respect to Output at 100 % speed of Low Pressure Turbine, relative to that site), variations in Emission Capability are negligible by changing the Site Altitude of the Plant.

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3. DLN 1 - SCOPE OF SUPPLY FOR MS5002C & MS5002D GTS The following is the scope of supply per each Gas Turbine of the conversion Kit from standard (diffusion) to DLN 1 combustion system. Please note that the scope does include the Inlet Bleed Heating System, and the exhaust casing modification to allow the extension to the turndown capability. Such operability extension is feasible on Fr5C and D provided that a testing campaign, as part of the GE O&G internal procedures, is carried out to release the final validation of this configuration. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

PRIMARY FUEL NOZZLE ASSEMBLY (fuel gas)

(12)

SECONDARY FUEL NOZZLES ASSEMBLY (fuel gas) (12) SECONDARY FUEL GAS INSTRUMENTATION (1) DLN SPLITTER VALVE (1) 1 (1) COMBUSTION CHAMBER ARRANGEMENT CAP & LINER ARRANGEMENT (12 Liners) 2 COMBUSTION CASE ARRANGEMENT (1) MANIFOLD AND ACCUMULATOR ASSEMBLY (1) CONTROLS EXTRAS (Additional Cards, JBs) (1) CONDUIT ARRANGEMENT MODIFICATIONS (1) PRIMARY FLAME DETECTORS (4) SECONDARY FLAME DETECTORS (4) IGNITION SYSTEM (1) SPARK PLUG, BALL JOINT (2) GASKETS (FLANGE-FLANGE) (numbers according to combustors arrangement) INTAKE DUCT MODIFICATION (1) INLET HEATING CONTROL VALVE (1) INLET HEATING PIPING ARRANGEMENT (1) AIR INLET HEATING MODULE (1) SOFTWARE/HARDWARE MODIFICATION OF MKV (1) REQUISITION MANAGEMENT (1)

Notes: 1. To correctly define the Scope of Supply on each unit, further checks are necessary to assess the line mount of an additional fuel gas splitter valve inside the auxiliaries’ compartment. 2. Control System issue: above Scope of Supply is based on units already equipped with type ‘B’ Mk V or Mk VI control systems, operating a unit with a non- DLN combustor. For earlier control system versions, an additional upgrade on controls shall be necessary. 3. Inconel 738 material for 2nd stage buckets is requested to allow DLN 1 operability extension. Above Scope of Supply is based on units already equipped with it. 1 2

Comprising the items mounted on the twelve (12) combustion chambers. Comprising all the twelve (12) combustion chambers.

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4. FIELD SERVICES FOR INSTALLATION & COMMISSIONING Expected Schedule: Following schedule is to be mean as a general expected to accomplish the necessary services: Milestone Event Pre- shut down Work area, site availability from Company Shut down Mechanical Completion Start-up

Expected Work Week Schedule: Based on previous analogous projects- experiences, the following is an expected schedule time for job completion shall be evaluated based on actual site arrangement / logistic: Gas Turbine DLN Conversion MS5002C/D with DLN

Estimated duration for site activities Pre shutdown 23 days Shutdown completion 23 days

• Estimated duration for site activities is considering standard package arrangement, and has to be confirmed upon dedicated site survey and engineering validation. • Estimated duration for Start Up activities and DLN 1 tuning completion is 4 days after shutdown completion subject to Customer Plant restoration and availabilities. • Shutdown completion means completion of mechanical activities and ready for fuel gas in.

5. EXPECTED EXCLUSIONS Equipment and services not listed under Scope of Supply are under responsibility from others. Main exclusions, in Materials and Engineering, from an usual ‘Scope of Supply’ are, such as but not limited to, the following major components: • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Fuel Gas Treatment Skid: Scrubbers and heaters. Fuel Gas- metering system, boostering system and heater for gas turbine (if any). All the process piping, scrubbers, coolers, valves, controls (BoP) outside turbo- compressors baseplate. Interconnecting Piping from/ to turbo- compressors baseplate to Customer connections. Interconnecting cables from/ to turbo-compressors baseplate, to control room, and power connections. Process valves. Components, engineering, field implementation for DLN 1 Extended operability retrofit for MS5002 C/D. All filtering and treatment system for process gas. Any check or refurbishment on process components such as Interstage coolers, aftercoolers, scrubbers, piping, valves etc. which are assumed to be in as new and clean conditions. All detailed civil engineering works (GE Oil & Gas will provide for the gas turbine filter chamber modification as well for installation of gantry crane all basic data to perform engineering). Any detailed civil engineering works. Motor Control Center & controls hardware. Transportation of material from Ex works to Plant site. 12 /

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6. MAINTENANCE INTERVAL SCHEDULES Regarding the Maintenance Intervals comparison between Frame 5.2 C/D Gas Turbines, according to configuration between Diffusion or DLN-1 combustion:

MS5002 C/D & MS5001PA - STANDARD DIFFUSION COMBUSTION CONFIGURATION INSPECTIONS

Standard time- intervals between scheduled maintenance 12.000

fH : CI

☛

fH: fS:

HGPI ☛

fH: fS:

MI

☛

36.000

fH

fH: fS:

LTPI ☛

24.000

48.000

fH fS

fS fH

fS fH

fH: fS:

fS

800

fS :

1.200

2.000

2.400

MS5002 C/D & MS5001PA - DLN-1 COMBUSTION CONFIGURATION INSPECTIONS

Standard time- intervals between scheduled maintenance

fH : CI

☛

fH: fS:

LTPI ☛

fH: fS:

HGPI ☛

fH: fS:

MI

☛

fS :

8.000

16.000

fH fS

24.000

32.000

40.000

fH

fH

fH

fS

fS

fS

48.000

fH

fS (**) fH

fH: fS:

fS

400

800

1.200

1.600

2.000

2.400

• fH: Factored Hours; • fS: Factored Fire Starts; • (*): Whichever occurs first. • • • • •

Natural Gas as Fuel; Base Load (100 %); No Water or Steam Injection; Continuous Operation (#1 fired start up for every 1000 hours of operation). Best Maintenance Practice.

• • • •

CI: replacement of Combustion Liners, Hardware. LTPI: replacement of Combustion Liners, Transition Pieces, Hardware. HGPI (**): replacement of Combustion Liners, Transition Pieces, 1st Stage Nozzle, Hardware. MI: replacement of components as foreseen in a Major Inspection.

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7. MAINTENANCE SHUTDOWN SCHEDULES Regarding the Maintenance Shutdown Schedules comparison between Frame 5.2 C/D Gas Turbines, according to configuration between Diffusion or DLN-1 combustion: C O M B U S T IO N IN S P E C T I O N D is a s s e m b l y 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

D is c o n n e c tio n a n d r e m o v a l o f in s tr u m e n ta tio n R e m o v a l o f p ip in g R e m o v a l o f p r im a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y fu e l g a s lin e s R e m o v a l o f s e c o n d a r y fu e l n o z z le R e m o v a l o f D L N I c o m b u s tio n e n d c o v e r s R e m o v a l o f c r o s s - f ir e t u b e r e t a in e r s R e m o v a l o f lin e r s R e m o v a l o f c r o s s - f ir e t u b e s

C le a n in g a n d i n s p e c t io n • 1. 2. • 1. 2. 3.

P a r t s t o b e in s p e c t e d o n s it e In s tr u m e n ta t io n P ip in g P a r t s t o b e in s p e c t e d a t a n a u t h o r iz e d s e r v ic e s h o p D L N I f u e l n o z z le ( p r im a r y + e n d c o v e r a n d s e c o n d a r y ) D L N I L in e r s C r o s s - f ir e t u b e s

• CI: 10 - 12 Shifts (no repair time included)

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8. RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, REFERENCES FOR FR5-2 DLN-1 FLEET Regarding Reliability and Availability on fleet having as O&G Nuovo Pignone OEM and packagizer, and limited on these which allow for a monitoring service, it is available following data: MS5002 (based on # 9 units, which # 6 of them mapped): Reliability = 99,21 % Availability = 98,29 % MS5001 (based on # 5 units, which all of them mapped): Reliability = 99,55 % Availability = 98,32 % To point out that, since the DLN 1 fleet in Oil & Gas is relatively recent, nor one of these units have yet carried out any long outage as for example a Major Inspection. Following table is a summarized reference list for application of DLN 1 on already installed Frame 5 GTs: DLN 1, Application Reference List limited to Frame 5 Gas Turbines for O&G Industry Country Kazakhstan 1 Qatar 1 Saudi Arabia Kazakhstan 2 Peru Libya Russia Kazakhstan 3 Qatar 2 UAE Vietnam Malaysia

GT TYPE Fr5.2 D Fr5.2 C Fr5.2 D Fr5.2 D Fr5.2 C Fr5.2 D Fr5.2 D Fr5.2 D Fr5.2 D Fr5.2 D Fr5.1 PA Fr5.1 PA

N° Units

UCP

2 2 4 1 2 1 2 2 1 8 1 5

Mark V Mark V Mark V Mark V Mark VI Mark VI Mark VI Mark VI Mark VI Mark VI Mark V

Above reference list is limited to GE’ Frame 5 Turbomachinery belonging to the GE O&G Nuovo Pignone installed fleet. Hence, there are also many other DLN applications belonging to other GE’ frame sizes, and working for different duties. Upon particular interest, and upon specific request, there could be evaluated to provide some data also for these other DLN case’ references.

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DFC combustors

100 90 80 70

the primary zone to reduce the flame temperature and NOx emissions

60

Air Split % STANDARD

LHE

8.6 9.8 14.7 47.1 19.8

8.5 9.7 30.4 31.9 19.5

100.0

100.0

SWIRLER CAP PRYMARY LINER COOLING DILUTION TOTAL

% Air

Lean Head End Combustors have more air in

50 40

STD

30

LH E

20 10 0

cap

swirler

primary

cooling

dilution

GE Proprietary & Confidential Information

0

50

100 1 50 200 250 300 350 400 450 Axial D ist. % o f D

LHE

STD

Some Photo’s Comparison between Fr5.2 at Diffusion against DLN-1. Fr5.2 Diffusion

Fr5.2 DLN-1

1

2

3

4

1 /2

Fr5.2 Diffusion

Fr5.2 DLN-1

5

6

7

2 /2