Lte Sharing

Knowledge Sharing Session on LTE

July 2019

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© Nokia 2019

KPI Architecture and Counters

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© Nokia 2019

KPI Architecture and Counters

• Field measurement KPIs • Nokia RAN KPIs • Brief of LTE Performance Measurements

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Field Measurement KPI LTE • KPIs are categorized to distinguish different performance aspects. • The names indicate the respective category according to 3GPP32.410 and 3GPP32.450. Accessibility: RRC Setup Success Rate E-RAB Setup Success Rate S1 Setup Success Call Setup Success Rate eNodeB1

Usage: Cell Availability Resource Block Usage PDCP/RLC Layer Throughput

Integrity: Average CQI Average Latency RLC PDU Retransmission eNodeB2 Inter RAT X redirection

UE

X2

X Retainability: RRC Drop Rate E-RAB Drop Rate

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Mobility: Intra eNodeB HO Success Rate Inter eNodeB HO Success Rate © Nokia 2019

KPI Architecture and Counters

• Field measurement KPIs • Nokia RAN KPIs • Brief of LTE Performance Measurements

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Top Level KPIs FDD Category

Accessibility

Retainability

Integrity/Quality

Mobility

Usage

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Key Performance Indicator

KP ID

E-UTRAN Initial E-RAB Accessibility

LTE_5060j

Total E-UTRAN RRC Connection Setup Success Ratio

LTE_5218g

E-UTRAN Initial E-RAB Setup Success Ratio

LTE_5112c

E-UTRAN E-RAB Drop Ratio, RAN View

LTE_5025h

E-RAB Retainability Rate, RAN View, RNL Failure with UE Lost

LTE_5581b

E-UTRAN Averaged IP Scheduled Throughput in DL QCI1-QCI9

LTE_5350a – 5358a

E-UTRAN Averaged IP Scheduled Throughput in UL QCI1-QCI9

LTE_5359a – 5367a

PDCP SDU Delay in DL

LTE_5471a-5479a

E-UTRAN Average Latency Uplink

LTE_5137a

E-UTRAN Total HO Success Ratio, intra eNB

LTE_5043a

E-UTRAN Total HO Success Ratio, inter eNB X2 based

LTE_5058c

E-UTRAN Total HO Success Ratio, inter eNB S1 based

LTE_5084b

E-UTRAN average PDCP Layer Active Cell Throughput DL

LTE_5292d

E-UTRAN average PDCP Layer Active Cell Throughput UL

LTE_5289d

E-UTRAN Average Active UEs with data in the buffer DL

LTE_5800e

E-UTRAN Average Active UEs with data in the buffer UL

LTE_5801e

E-UTRAN Cell Availability Ratio

LTE_5750a

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New KPIs for FL18SP / FL18A KPI ID LTE_6415a LTE_6417a LTE_6418a LTE_6420a LTE_6430a LTE_6433a LTE_6435a LTE_6450a LTE_6468a LTE_6509b LTE_6513a LTE_6514a LTE_6515a LTE_6585a LTE_6599a LTE_6601a LTE_6604a LTE_6608a LTE_6609a LTE_6611a LTE_6612a LTE_6613a LTE_6615a LTE_6616a LTE_6618a LTE_6619a LTE_6620a LTE_6622a

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KPI Name Perc Auto Ac Class trig RRC conn FR RRC Con Stp SR Multi-T RRC Pren R Multi-T EN-DC X2 Stp Att Init E-RAB Stp SR MCG bearer NR PDCP SCG Add Prep FR, timer exp Avg UEs EN-DC ERAB norm rel R user view, VoLTE VoLTE stp FR other fail Comp cont based RACH stp SR CatM RRC Conn Stp FR, OAM Interv Nr recvd help data req UL CoMP Help data SR UL CoMP MU-MIMO RBG 16 paired UEs dist R DL Avg 8 paired UEs TTI UL mMIMO, UL UM-MIMO RRC Conn Reconf SR for UG 256QAM 256QAM mod trans SR, 256QAM sched UEs Perc ACB time trigg via RRC conn FR Inter RAT HO UTRAN SRVCC prep FR DL MAC PDU VOL SCell Avg Skip UL Grants per UL Grant Assig Period Perc Help Data Resp Req in Time Avg UE conf 5 Scell in DL Perc Help Data Resp Req Not in Time Perc UL SCell DG Avg CA cap UEs 6CCs Penetr CA cap UEs 6CCs Max UE conf Scell in Scell

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KPI ID LTE_6623a LTE_6627a LTE_6628a LTE_6631a LTE_6637a LTE_6638a LTE_6639a LTE_6640a LTE_6641a LTE_6643a LTE_6644a LTE_6646a LTE_6648a LTE_6650a LTE_6652a LTE_6653a LTE_6672a LTE_6675a LTE_6699a LTE_6700a LTE_6702a LTE_6704a LTE_6706a LTE_6707a LTE_6709a LTE_6710a LTE_6711a LTE_6714a

KPI Name Avg UE ServCell Perc PCell Conf Att RRC Load Rej NB IOT UE ECM IDLE Pre-emp R SCG add prep SR SgNB add SR X2 eNB SCG PDCP PDU data vol rec Avg IP sched DL SCG Thp Norm SCG Rel R Abnorm SCG Rel R X2 eNB SCG PDCP PDU data vol trans Avg IP sched UL SCG Thp Add E-RAB SSR MCG w NR PDCP Inc new E-RAB Setup SR MCG w NR PDCP Init DRB SR MCG w NR PDCP Add DRB SR MCG w NR PDCP DL Car Aggr SCell rel SR SCG split RCC Con SSR NB IoT CE2 NB IoT UE S1 Conn SR CE2 RRC Reestab SSR QCI1 Inter RAT HO UTRAN SRVCC exec FR Max num nonVoLTE capable CatM UEs AVG UL PRBs usage, DTCH traffic SI Report SR CSG, Home eNB hyb cells Incomp SI Report R CSG, Home eNB hyb cells SI Report SR CSG, Home eNB hyb cells VoLTE or MCPTT call Incomp SI Report R CSG, Home eNB hyb cells VoLTE or MCPTT call Perc Time cell in Cplane HLoad UL CPRI link BER, BBMOD

© Nokia 2019

KPI Architecture and Counters

• Field measurement KPIs • Nokia RAN KPIs • Brief of LTE Performance Measurements

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Brief of LTE Performance Measurements • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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LTE S1AP (M8000) LTE Cell load (M8001) LTE Transport load (M8004) LTE Power and Quality UL (M8005) LTE EPS bearer (M8006) LTE Radio Bearer (M8007) LTE RRC (M8008) LTE Intra eNodeB handover (M8009) LTE Power and Quality DL (M8010) LTE Cell resource (M8011) LTE Cell throughput (M8012) LTE UE state (M8013) LTE Inter eNodeB handover (M8014) LTE Neighbor cell related handover (M8015) LTE Inter System Handover (M8016) LTE Inter System Handover to UTRAN per NCell (M8017) LTE eNodeB load (M8018) LTE Inter System Handover to GSM per NCell (M8019) LTE Cell availability (M8020) LTE Handover (M8021) LTE X2AP (M8022) LTE UE and Service Differentiation (M8023) LTE Handover to eHRPD per eHRPD bandclass (M8025) LTE QoS measurements (M8026) LTE Handover (RLF trigger)(M8027)

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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

LTE MAC Measurements (M8029) LTE SINR (M8031) (FDD only) LTE MRO UTRAN frequency related (M8032) LTE Mobility Events (M8033) LTE EUTRA carrier frequency (M8034) LTE S1 SCTP Statistics (M8035) LTE RAN Sharing (M8038) LTE Inter HeNb HO (M8042) LTE RLF Statistics per PMQAP Profile (M8043) LTE BTS Energy Monitoring (M8045) LTE Active Users and Latency, per PMQAP Profile (M8046) LTE Data Volume and Throughput Statistics per PMQAP Profile (M8047) LTE ERAB Statistics per PMQAP Profile (M8048) LTE UE Quantity (M8051) LTE RSRP and RSRQ Histogram (M8052) LTE Proximity Services (M8053) LTE VoLTE BLER Histogram (M8054) LTE baseband pooling (M8055) LTE Broadcast (M8057) LTE PIM Cancellation (M8062) LTE FZAP GNSS (M8064) LTE Intra eNB Handover Extension (M8071) LTE X2 (gNB) (M8074) NB-IoT Usage (M8204)

© Nokia 2019

LTE S1 AP (M8000) S1 Interface measurement (M8000) measures GTP protocol procedures.

MME

• • • • •

SAE GW

S1 setups S1 reset Number of NAS messages IMS Emergency ETWS/CMAS messages

eNB

= GTP tunnel = GTP signaling = S1 signaling = Data in radio = Signaling in radio

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Cell Load (M8001) Cell Load measurement (M8001) measures packet scheduling related measurements.

Evolved Node B (eNB) cell

• • • • • • • •

Prach PDCP delay Latency MCS usage BLER RLC PDUs PDCP PDCCH Order

cell

X2 Evolved Node B (eNB)

cell

LTE-UE

S1-MME

LTE-Uu S1-U SAE Gateway

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MME

© Nokia 2019

Transport Load (M8004) Transport Load measurement (M8004) measures GTP-U protocol procedures.

eNB

cell cell

• X2 signaling • X2 traffic

X2

eNB

MME

S1-MME

LTE-UE LTE-Uu

cell S1-U

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SGW

© Nokia 2019

Power and Quality UL (M8005) Power and Quality UL measurement (M8005) measures UL connection quality related measurements.

eNB UPLINK

• • • • • • • •

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RSSI PHR SINR Ue/Cell AMC changes Antenna Rx power Interference to Thermal noise SIR for PRB Liquid cell

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EPS Bearer (M8006) LTE EPS Bearer measurement (M8006) measures EPS Bearer related measurements.

• • • • •

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EPS bearer setups/releases/failures ERAB in use/modified/release ERAB GBR usage ERAB setup per QCI ERABS setup/release for overbooking

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LTE Radio Bearer (M8007) •LTE Radio Bearer measurement (M8007) measures Radio Bearer related measurements.

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DRB setup/release/dropped SRB1 SRB2 RA41330-V-18A

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LTE RRC (M8008) (E-)RRC (Radio Resource Control) NAS System Information (BCCH)

• Paging

E-UTRAN System Info. (BCCH) Paging (PCCH)

• RRC Connection Reestablishment • setup/failures

RRC Connection Management Temporary Identifiers UE-EUTRAN Allocation of Sign. Radio Bearers E-UTRAN Security Integrity protection for RRC msg. Mgmt. of ptp radio bearers

• CGI reports

Mobility Functions (LTE_ACTIVE) UE measurement reporting/control Inter-cell handover Control of cell (re-)selection UE context transfer between eNB QoS control

Transfer of NAS messages

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LTE Intra eNB Handover (M8009) LTE Intra eNB Handover measurement (8009) measures Intra eNB Handovers.

LTE Intra eNB Handover

MME

SAE GW

eNB

CSG Cells

LTE Cell`s

• • • •

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HO started HO not started Failed HO Successful HO

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VoLTE HO

© Nokia 2019

LTE Power and Quality DL (M8010) • LTE Power and Quality DL measurement (M8010) measures DL connection quality related measurements.

eNB DOWNLINK

• • • •

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CQI CQI for 256 QAM Ues MIMO usage Avg TX pwr

© Nokia 2019

LTE Cell Resource (M8011) • LTE Cell Resource measurement (M8011) measures cell resource related measurements. •

TTI bundling

(eNB)

cell

cell

• PDCCH usage / block rate

• CQI on PUCCH

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•

UL/DL PRB usage

• • • • •

CA Load Balancing eICIC PRBs per QCI 256 QAM UEs

LTE Cell Throughput (M8012) (1/3) • LTE Cell throughput measurement (M8012) measures cell throughput related measurements.

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•

IP throughput

•

PDCP throughput

•

RLC throughput

• • •

Transport Blocks MAC throughput MAC Thr’pt for 256 QAM

LTE UE State (M8013) • LTE UE State measurement (M8013) measures UE State Management related measurements. • • •

RRC connection releases due to: inactivity timer CQI DTX

• • • • •

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RRC connection rejects due to: Lack of PUCCH eNb Overload Max RRC MME Overload

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• • • •

Signaling connections eNB/EPC setup/failure UE S1 connections US context setup/modification/releases

© Nokia 2019

LTE Inter eNB Handover (M8014) •LTE Inter eNB Handover measurement (M8014) measures Inter eNB Handovers.

LTE Inter eNB Handover

SAE GW

•

MME

CSG VoLTE HO

•

Source eNB

•

Target eNB

CSG HO •

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S1/X2 VoLTE HO

HO preparations/failures/success

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LTE neighbor cell related Handover (M8015) Neighbor cell related Handover measurement (M8015)

LTE Neighbor Cell Related Handover

SAE GW

MRO HO

MME Target eNB Sourc e eNB

•

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LB HO

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LTE neighbor Relation

• •

HO preparations/failures/success per neighbor cell

© Nokia 2019

LTE Inter System Handover (M8016) •LTE Inter System Handover measurement (M8016) SAE GW

MME

Sourc e eNB

• • • •

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2G/ 3G Target NB/BTS

CSFB SRVCC PSHO attempts/failures/success NACC

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LTE Inter-Sys HO to UTRAN per neighbor cell (M8017) LTE Inter System Handover measurement to UTRAN per neighbor cell (M8017)

MME

SAE GW

Target NB

Source eNB LTE-WCDMA neighbor Relation

• •

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SRVCC per neighbor HO attempts with SRVCC/failures/success per neighbor

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LTE eNB Load (M8018)

•LTE eNB Load measurement (M8018)

MME

reset

SRB1

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DRB

• •

© Nokia 2019

Active Ues Av / MAX UEs release due to S1 reset

Cell Availability (M8020)

SAE GW

MME

•

Degraded RRC success rate recovery phase

• •

Planned Cell Unavailability Unplanned Cell Unavailability • due to S1 failure State change

•

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Power saving mode duration Reduced Tx Power saving mode duration State change

LTE Handover (M8021) SAE GW

• HO attempts/failures/success • Inter frequency • measurement gaps

MME

Source eNB

Freq 1 Freq 2

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Service based HO

•

Load balancing HO

•

VoLTE HO

•

MRO HO

•

Incoming HO attempts/failures/success

•

Pcell swaps

© Nokia 2019

LTE X2AP(M8022) LTE X2 (gNB) (M8074) • •

These two measurements provides measurements related to X2 Setup procedure. The counters are updated at the originating eNB site.

M8022C0

Number of X2 Setup attempts

M8022C1

Number of X2 Failed Setup attempts

M8074C0

EN_DC_X2_SETUP_ATT

M8074C1

EN_DC_X2_SETUP_SUCC

eNB 5G NR gNB

eNB X2

EN-DC X2

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LTE UE and service Differentiation (M8023) LTE UE and Service Differentiation (M8023) measures Operator specific UE and Service Differentiation items. • PDCP data volume UL/DL Operator defined QCI: assigned to a counter group Group 1 Group 2

Operator A Mobility Profile1

Operator B Mobility Profile 2

• Active UE per mobility profile

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LTE QoS measurement (M8026)

LTE QoS measurement (M8026) measures QoS related indicators per cell

E-UTRAN UE

eNB SRB1 SRB2

EPC S-GW

Internet

P-GW

• • • •

Default EPS Bearer

Radio

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S1-U

S5 /S8

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Lost PDUs per QCI UL/DL PDUs per QCI HARQ re transmission time per QCI VoLTE Ue QoS

SGi

© Nokia 2019

LTE Handover (RLF trigger)(M8027) LTE Handover - RLF trigger (M8027) measures the performance of the propriertary RLF triggered Handover procedures per cell • • •

HO for RLF Attempt (RLF Indication) HO for RLF Success (UE Ctxt Retrieval) HO for RLF Failure (Timer Expiry)

RLF RRC Connection Re-establishment

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LTE MAC Measurements (M8029) LTE MAC measurement (M8029) measures MAC related indicators per cell.

• TA histogram • RACH MSG3

• CRAN receptions • TM9 UEs

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LTE SINR (M8031) (FDD only) The LTE DL SINR measurement (M8031) can show the distribution of calculated DL SINR in a cell based on CQI reports.

• SINR per subband/WB histogram for CW1 and CW2

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LTE MRO UTRAN (M8032)

3G

4G

Late HO

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Early HO

M8032C0

Late Handover to UTRAN (threshold B2T2-PSHO not met) per UTRAN frequency

M8032C1

Late Handover to UTRAN (threshold B2T2-VoLTE not met) per UTRAN frequency

M8032C3

Early Handover to UTRAN (threshold B2T2-PSHO met) per UTRAN frequency

M8032C4

Early Handover to UTRAN (threshold B2T2-VoLTE met) per UTRAN frequency

M8032C6

Inter System Handover attempts to UTRAN (Event B2-PSHO Met) per UTRAN frequency

M8032C7

Inter System Handover attempts to UTRAN (Event B2-VoLTE Met) per UTRAN frequency

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LTE Mobility events (M8033)

Scell RSRP / RSRQ

# A1 event : crossing the RSRP threshold

# A2 event : crossing one of the thresholds

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time

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M8033C0

Number of A2 events received, which crossed inter frequency threshold

M8033C1

Number of A2 events received, which crossed inter frequency QCI1 threshold

M8033C2

Number of A2 events received, which crossed WCDMA threshold

M8033C3

Number of A2 events received, which crossed WCDMA QCI1 threshold

M8033C4

Number of A2 events received, which crossed RSRQ mobility threshold

M8033C5

Number of A2 events received, which crossed redirect RSRP threshold

M8033C6

Number of A2 events received, which crossed redirect RSRQ threshold

M8033C7

Number of A1 events triggered for RSRP

M8033C8

Number of A1 events received, which crossed A1 QCI1 threshold

© Nokia 2019

LTE EUTRA Carrier frequency (M8034)

Idle mode load balancing (with A4 MR)

4G f1

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4G f2

M8034C0

Number of A4 measurement activations for Measurement Based IMLB

M8034C1

Number of successfully evaluated A4 measurement reports for Measurement Based IMLB

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LTE X2 SCTP statistics (M8036) LTE S1 SCTP statistics (M8035) cell eNB

cell

X2

• SCTP data in / out • SCTP congestion

eNB

• SCTP data in / out • SCTP congestion

cell

LTE-UE

S1-MME LTE-Uu

S1-U SAE Gateway

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MME

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LTE RLF Statistics per PMQAP Profile (M8043) • LTE2766: Flexible QCI/ARP PM (PMQAP) Counter Profiles new configurable counters with more flexible and dynamic configuration options especially for the operator-configurable QCIs.

SAE GW

MME

M8043C0

Number of times the RLF timer started per Profile

M8043C1

Number of times the RLF timer stopped per Profile

M8043C2

Number of successful RRC re-establishments before RLF timer expiry per Profile

M8043C3

Number of failed RRC re-establishments before RLF timer expiry per Profile

Source eNB

RRC re-establishment RLF/QoS

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LTE BTS Energy Monitoring (M8045) • New counters at FL16a to monitor energy consumption • To be able to provide new measurement counters, new hardware unit added -Power Meter. • Samples are calculated for each 1 minute. •

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Samples are summed at the end of the measurement.

M8045C0

Energy consumption in system modules (kWh*100000)

energy consumption of all SMs under eNB

M8045C1

Energy consumption in radio modules (kWh*100000)

energy consumption of all RMs under eNB

M8045C2

Energy consumption in BTS (kWh*100000)

total energy consumption of all RMs and SMs under eNB

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LTE Data Volume and Throughput Statistics per PMQAP Profile (M8047) • LTE2766: Flexible QCI/ARP PM (PMQAP) Counter Profiles new configurable counters with more flexible and dynamic configuration options especially for the operator-configurable QCIs.

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M8047C0

IP Throughput data volume in DL per Profile

M8047C1

IP Throughput data volume in UL per Profile

M8047C2

IP Throughput time in DL per Profile

M8047C3

IP Throughput time in UL per Profile

M8047C4

PDCP SDU data volume on eUu Interface downlink per Profile

M8047C5

PDCP SDU data volume on eUu Interface uplink per Profile

M8047C6

Number of TTIs in DL with at least one UE scheduled to receive user plane data per Profile

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LTE ERAB Statistics per PMQAP Profile (M8048) • LTE2766: Flexible QCI/ARP PM (PMQAP) Counter Profiles new configurable counters with more flexible and dynamic configuration options especially for the operator-configurable QCIs.

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M8048C0

Setup attempts for initial E-RABs per Profile

M8048C1

Successfully established initial E-RABs per QoS Profile

M8048C2

E-RABs Normal releases per Profile

M8048C3

E-RABs Abnormal releases per Profile

M8048C4

In-session ERABs activity time per Profile

M8048C5

Setup attempts for additional E-RABs per Profile

M8048C6

Successfully established additional E-RABs per QoS Profile

M8048C7

Aggregated time for the successful establishment of additional E-RABs per profile

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LTE UE Quantity (M8051)

• Active UE DL category • Active UE UL category • RRC connections • Active Ues • Ues with UL/ Dl buffered data

• 4CC Ues conf / active • 3CC UEs conf / active • 2CC UEs conf / active • UL CA UE’s capable/ conf • Bandwidth class

• Release 8/910/11/12 UEs • High Power UEs

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cfgRSRPmin

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cfgRSRPmin + 16*cfgRSRPbinsize <= RSRP

cfgRSRQmin

NUM_RSRQ_MEAS_BIN10

----------

NUM_RSRQ_MEAS_BIN9

NUM_RSRQ_MEAS_BIN8

NUM_RSRQ_MEAS_BIN4

NUM_RSRQ_MEAS_BIN3

NUM_RSRQ_MEAS_BIN2

NUM_RSRQ_MEAS_BIN1

NUM_RSRP_MEAS_BIN18

NUM_RSRP_MEAS_BIN17

-------

NUM_RSRP_MEAS_BIN16

NUM_RSRP_MEAS_BIN4

NUM_RSRP_MEAS_BIN3

NUM_RSRP_MEAS_BIN2

NUM_RSRP_MEAS_BIN1

LTE RSRP and RSRQ Histogram (M8052)

cfgRSRQmin + 8*cfgRSRQbinsize <= RSRQ

Cfgrsrpbinsize - RSRP bin size – 1… 6dB, default 6dB

cfgrsrqbinsize - RSRQ bin size 0.5...2 dB, default 2dB

cfgrsrpmin - Minimum RSRP -140… -60 dBm, default -140dB

cfgrsrqmin Minimum RSRQ - 19.5...-7 dB, default -19.5dB

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LTE PIM Cancellation (M8062) The PIM Cancellation measurement (M8062) contains counters for PIM Cancellation per RMOD. •

Passive Intermodulation (PIM) occurs in non-linear mechanical connections due to conditions such as rust at metalto-metal joints or bending within cables.

•

LTE3368 makes it possible for the BTS to cancel unwanted PIM signals generated by connectors, antennas, and/or cabling.

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M8062C0

Minimum PIM Measurement for RRH RX1

M8062C1

Maximum PIM Measurement for RRH RX1

M8062C2

Sum of PIM Measurements for RRH RX1

M8062C3

Number of PIM Measurements for RRH RX1

…

…

…

…

M8062C28

Minimum PIM Measurement for RRH RX8

M8062C29

Maximum PIM Measurement for RRH RX8

M8062C30

Sum of PIM Measurements for RRH RX8

M8062C31

Number of PIM Measurements for RRH RX8

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LTE Intra eNB Handover Extension (M8071) Example: the 3 non-failure relevant ones

UE

4 counters for: • Intra-eNB Intra-Frequency Handover Preparations/Execution/Success/Failure attempts • INTRA_ENB_IAF_HO_PREP • • •

Intra-eNB Intra-freq HO decision eNB trigger for HO HO request ACK

INTRA_ENB_IAF_HO_ATT INTRA_ENB_IAF_HO_SUCC INTRA_ENB_IAF_HO_FAIL_TMR (due to THOoverall timeout)

INTRA_ENB_IAF_ HO_PREP (M8071C0)

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

3 counters for: • Failed Intra-eNB Intra-Frequency Handover due to different reasons • • •

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INTRA_ENB_IAF_ HO_ATT (M8071C9) RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete Release resources

F_INTRA_ENB_IAF_HO_PREP_AC F_INTRA_ENB_IAF_HO_PREP_TMR F_INTRA_ENB_IAF_HO_PREP_OTH

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INTRA_ENB_IAF_ HO_SUCC (M8071C10)

© Nokia 2019

JUMP – NOKIA database for all counters and KPIs

http://nop-i.nokia.com/reportmanager/htmlset.php?set=1094&co=1&se=1 58

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NIDD – the latest NOKIA database for all counters and KPIs

https://esnidd054.emea.nsn-net.net/NIDD/Trans/Counter/Search 59

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LTE features FL17A vs. FL18A

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Features before vs. after swap in Banglalink Network Below features activated from ‘day one’ of performed swap are intended to improve all KPIs (assuming L1 optimization is completed): •

paging capacity is increased to oneT to avoid paging discarded records

•

initial amount of PRBs in uplink iniPrbsUl reduced from default 10 to 2

•

actCoMP false -> fixedULCoMp (true)

•

FL18A mandatory feature “PUSCH HARQ Retransmission Mode” (puschHarqMode) set to “nonAdaptiveHighPdcchLoad”. This will be an advantage to reducing PDCCH load

•

DL target BLER 10% -> 12%

•

UL modulation 16QAM -> 64QAM

•

Load based PUCCH region

•

FL18A “Activate inactive time forwarding” set to true (actInactiveTimeForwarding = TRUE) and the dependent parameter minInactivityTimeThresh “Minimum remaining inactivity time threshold” is set to 1 second

•

Mobility thresholds are aligned with ‘pre-swap’ settings and approved by the Customer

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4G Basic Optimization and Tuning

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Performance Improvement • NEVER underestimate the basic L1 optimization – even 4G (LTE) relies on the fact that L1 must be optimized properly • Massive improvement in the performance by basic L1 optimization in a cluster Cluster level drive test results

Drive Test Result (Antenna Tilting)

Unit

DL Throughput

(Mbp s)

5 Mbps ↑

Handover Attempts

(#)

33 % ↓

Average SINR

(dB)

2.3 dB ↑

Average CQI

63

Diff. Experienced improvement

0.5 ↑

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© Nokia 2019

Executive summary • • • • • •

• •

Swap in Banglalink Network Golden Cluster 1 started on 14th May 2019. Main observation of compared KPIs is that total data volume increased while most of benchmarking key performance indicators degraded. The main reason of degraded KPIs is over 90% of LTE cells have different antenna tilt as before swap. 90% 60% 60% of the cells were up-tilted causing increased coverage of LTE. Due to the up-tilted antennas radio conditions became weaker which is causing degradation in accessibility. PS traffic significantly increased is caused not only by wider LTE coverage but also by higher spectral efficiency achieved by sites upgraded from SISO to 2x2 MIMO after swap. LTE relies on the fact that L1 must be optimized properly. Massive improvement in the performance to achieve targeted KPI values can be achieved by basic L1 optimization in a cluster. Without that ‘apple to apple’ configuration KPI values are not comparable. Nokia is tuning software parameters to minimize experienced KPI gaps. Higher data volume is expected to be an opportunity of additional revenue and profitability. PS data volume distribution, P1MC1 average after swap

average before swap

LTE Traffic Data [GB]

3G PS Data Vol [GB]

2G Data Traffic [GB]

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200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

LTE antenna configuration •

In Golden Cluster 1, 20 cells out of 33 have been up-tilted due to changed antenna configuration. LTE antenna misalignment: post- vs preswap down-tilted same tilt up-tilted

• • •

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Number of impacted cells in Golden Cluster 1 10 3 20

On the following slide presented are two most often antenna configurations present in the Banglalink Veon Network. Before the swap LTE technology was following 3G antenna settings. After swap due to LTE-2G RFsharing feature LTE has been using DSC 1800 dedicated antenna with more relaxed tilt values. In the worst case LTE antenna transmitter is up-tilted by 5°. Besides, antenna type, antenna azimuth and height may have changed as well. This causes absolutely new L1 environment for LTE. Antenna tilt deviation -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 3 © Nokia 2014 4 7

Number of cells 3 4 3 5 5 3 1 2 6 1

Antenna azimuth post- vs pre-swap Number of impacted cells 5 Different 28 Same Antenna type (vendor / model) Different Same

Number of impacted cells 21 12

KPIs comparison, timing advance •

Average distance of UEs from the serving base station significantly increased after LTE antenna has been up-tilted. In the worst scenario the average distance increased by 337 meters!

Cell name DHK_L3401_2 DHK_L3401_3 DHK_L1816_2 DHK_L4023_3 DHK_L4360_3 DHK_L4360_2 DHK_L4360_1 DHK_L0308_2 DHK_L0308_3

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Average UE distance before swap [km] 0.351 0.296 0.243 0.366 0.314 0.257 0.315 0.512 0.503

© Nokia 2014

Average UE distance after swap [km] 0.689 0.544 0.357 0.457 0.405 0.329 0.362 0.551 0.534

Delta [km] 0.338 0.248 0.114 0.092 0.090 0.071 0.046 0.039 0.030

Antenna transmitter orientation up-tilted up-tilted up-tilted up-tilted up-tilted up-tilted up-tilted up-tilted up-tilted

KPIs comparison, uplink radio conditions •

Increased cells coverage is causing more UEs suffer due to limited power in their buffer. The average Avg UE power headroom for PUSCH [dB], DHK_L3401_2 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15

•

SINR in PUSCH for the worst cell is degraded by 5dB. Thank to uplink Coordinated Multi-Point activated along with the swap. Without the feature degradation could be even higher. E-UTRAN Average SINR for PUSCH [dB], DHK_L3401_2 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

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Parameters to be tuned What, if antenna tilt modification is not possible? How to perform L1 optimization? Abbreviated Name

dlRsBoost

MO Class

Full Name

Description

MRBTS/LNBTS/LNCEL/LNCEL_FDD

Downlink reference signals Transmission power of the downlink reference signals in a cell is boosted (positive value) transmission power boost respectively deboosted (negative value) compared to PDSCH

MRBTS/LNBTS/LNCEL

Cell power reduce

Range and step 700: -3dB 1000: 0dB 1177: 1.77dB 1300: 3dB 1477: 4.77dB 1600: 6dB

Sets the power reduction from the antenna maximum TX power. dlCellPwrRed

0...20 dB, step 0.1 dB Cell locking is not required if dlCellPwrRed is changed by 0.2 dB or less.

pMax

MRBTS/LNBTS/LNCEL

Maximum output power

This parameter defines the maximum output power of the cell per antenna carrier in dBm. The maximum output power is the maximum value for the linear sum of the power of all downlink physical channels that is allowed to be used in a cell. The reference point is the antenna connector. The most common configurable dBm values correspond to following Watt: 10.0 dBm = 10 mW 37.0 dBm = 5 W 39.0 dBm = 8 W 40.0 dBm = 10 W 41.8 dBm = 15 W 43.0 dBm = 20 W 0...60 dBm 44.3 dBm = 27 W 44.8 dBm = 30 W 46.0 dBm = 40 W 46.5 dBm = 45 W 47.8 dBm = 60 W 49.0 dBm = 80 W Note: for RF sharing configurations: When same antenna line is shared with other technology it needs to be ensured that maximum supported power per antenna line is not exceeded.

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Parameters to be verified Rule #1 Usage of same PCI (0..503): • The same site should not use the same PCI again on the same frequency • The NBRs of the site should not have the same PCI on the same frequency • Ideally, two NBRs of the site should not have same PCI between them. For instance, Cell-A has NBR Cell-B and Cell-C and both of them have the same frequency, then the PCI of Cell-B and CellC should not be identical. This is difficult to maintain in a LTE network but this issue can cause PCI confusion and handover failures

Rule #2 PCI mod3 (2xTx) & mod6 (IBS) • For every PCI=X, any other PCI with value of X+3(n) – where “n” is an integer, will have a collision on Reference Signal between the two ports.

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PCI mod3 issue

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Commercially Confidential



PCI has been switched between DHK_L0300_2(287285) & DHK_L0300_3(285287)



PCI has been switched between DHK_L2189_2(317315) & DHK_L2189_3(315317)

Optimization Output:

 # of HO fails decreased to 0(zero)  HOSR improved significantly to almost 100%.  Fine tuning ongoing 71

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© Nokia 2014

Commercially Confidential

Call drop reasons

UE detected Radio link problems • T310 expiry • Maximum number of RLC retransmissions • Handover failure (T304 expiry) • Non-HO related random access problem

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eNB Detected radio link problems • PUSCH RLF • CQI RLF • HARQ RLF

RA41330-V-18A

eNB initiated release • TA Timer Expiry at eNB or UE • Maximum RLC Retransmissions Exceeded at eNB • GTP-U failure at eNB • S1 reset • Lack of DRB ID

© Nokia 2019

UE detected radio link problems (T310 expiry)

Source 3GPP

t310 start

• During the UE operation various timers/counters are checked: - Counter N310 specifies maximum number of out-of-sync indications

First Phase

- Timer T310 supervises the recovery from physical layer problems. Started after N310 successive out-of-sync indications from physical layer

normal operation

radio problem detection

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t311 stop

Second Phase

no recovery during T310

no recovery during T311

RRC_CONNECTED

- Timer T311 supervises the RRC connection re-establishment

• Radio link failure is triggered by UE after T310 expiry

t310 stop t311 start

DROP goes back to idle

RRC_IDLE

radio link failure

LNCEL:n310 consecutive out-of-sync indications

RA41330-V-18A

LNCEL:n311 consecutive in-sync indications during LNCEL:t310

© Nokia 2019

RRC connection re-establishment attempted during LNCEL:t311

Cell reselection and Tracking Area Update if RRC ReEstablishment fails

UE detected radio link problems (Handover failure, T304 expiry) • When UE receives RRC Connection Reconfiguration with mobilityControlInfo IE (i.e, ”handover command”), it starts timer T304

t304 start

Source 3GPP

t304 stop t311 start

First Phase

normal operation

• If PRACH procedure to the target cell does not succeed (RANDOM ACCESS RESPONSE not received) by the time T304 expires, handover failure occurs (if air interface security is active)

t311 stop

Second Phase

Attempting PRACH to target cell

no recovery during T311

RRC_CONNECTED

T304 expires RRC Conn ReConf with MobilityInfo (”HO command”)

• UE tries RRC Conn Re-establishment with re-establishment cause ”handoverFailure”

T304 running while UE attempting access to target cell.

DROP goes back to idle

RRC_IDLE

radio link failure

RRC connection re-establishment attempted during LNCEL:t311

Cell reselection and Tracking Area Update if RRC ReEstablishment fails

T304 is LNCEL parameter and it’s setting depends on the target RAT and release from RRC Connection Reconfiguration: mobilityControlInfo targetPhysCellId : 33 t304 : ms1000 newUE-Identity Bin : 14 EB (= 5355)

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Abbreviated Name t​3​0​4e​NaccGsm t​3​0​4​Inter​R​A​T t​3​0​4​Inter​R​A​T​Gsm* t​3​0​4​Inter​Rat​Td t​3​0​4​Intra​Lte

Full Name ​Timer​ ​T​3​0​4​ for​ e​N​A​C​C​ to​ ​G​S​M ​Timer​ ​T​3​0​4​ for​ inter​R​A​T (to WCDMA) ​Timer​ ​T​3​0​4​ for​ inter​R​A​T​ ​G​S​M ​Timer​ t​3​0​4​ for​ handover​ to​ ​T​D​-​S​C​D​M​A ​Timer​ ​T​3​0​4​ intra​-​L​T​E

© Nokia 2019

RL50 default 2000ms 500ms 500ms 500ms 1000ms

eNB initiated release (TA Timer Expiry at eNB) eNB maintains the timing alignment (timeAlignmentTimer) by periodical or per-need TA commands - Periodic UL TA: triggered by taTimer – taTimerMargin (~8.2 sec with default settings) - On per-need TA: triggered if calculated timing alignment is higher than following thresholds before periodic TA is triggered: • taMaxOffset  0.52us by default • taOffScheMarg  Additional timer (vendor parameter), 2us by default. After expiry eNB suspend from UL scheduling

timeAlignmentTimer is started or restarted whenever an initial TA or a TA update command is sent/received

In FL18A possible to set taTimer = infinity; aligned with our competitors Time alignment timer margin LNCEL:taTimerMargin unit: subframes [1ms] range: 0 … 2560

hidden: false default: 2 000 ms

*RAR TA command or periodic TA Command

taTimer = 10 240 ms

Time alignment timer LNCEL:taTimer unit: subframes [1ms] hidden: false range: 500(0), 750(1)…10240(6) default: 10 240 ms

eNode B

taMaxOffset or taOffScheMarg

unit: range:

75

us 1.5...4

taTimer restart

hidden: false default: 0.52 us

TA offset margin for scheduling LNBTS:taOffScheMarg

UE

hidden: true default: 2 us

RA41330-V-18A

HARQ ACK

out-of-sync or RRC + S1 release

taTimerMargin = 2 000 ms

Time alignment maximum offset LNCEL: taMaxOffset unit: us range: 0...5

Periodic TA

On-per-need TA

HARQ ACK

© Nokia 2019

taTimer restart

HARQ ACK

timeAlignmentTimer [time]

eNB Detected radio link problems (CQI RLF: detection and recovery) • CQI RLF detection counts consecutive missed CQI transmissions

T_RLF = LNCEL:t310 + LNCEL:t311 + internal value

Periodic CQI detected CQI DTX

T_RLF timer running nCqiDtx

• When eNB receives CQI DTX exactly LNBTS:nCqiDtx times, it triggers RLF indication to higher layers • When eNB receives correct CQIs again for LNBTS:nCqiRec times, eNB cancels the RLF state

nCqiRec

Time (ms) PUSCH RLF detection

eNB MAC  higher layers MAC_RadioLinkStatusInd; rlsCause = RlsCause_CqiRlf_ON

PUSCH RLF recovery

eNB MAC  higher layers MAC_RadioLinkStatusInd rlsCause = RlsCause_CqiRlf_OFF

Parameters values In this example

RL50 default

Hidden LNBTS:nCqiDtx

6

50

Hidden LNBTS:nCqiRec

2

2

nCQI DTX set to 0 = feature inactive

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Improved RRC accessibility by half-open RRC connection timer optimization • tHalfRrcCon (half-open RRC connection Timer, modifiable from FL17A onwards) represents period during which the RRC connection procedure must be completed. • The timer value has been increased from 3 seconds to 5 seconds network-wide.

0.01% improvement • Improved RRC connection setup success ratio from 99.95% to 99.96% • Improved ratio of missing message 5 detection from 0.045% to 0.039% 13.33% improvement • Rest of major KPIs are maintained.

E-UTRAN RRC Connection Setup Failure Ratio due to "RRC timer expiry" failure, PLMN level

99.96 99.96 99.96 99.96 99.96 99.96 99.96 99.95 99.95 99.95 99.95

99.96

© 2017 Nokia

0.045

0.044

99.95

0.042

0.039

0.040 0.038 0.036

default

77

0.046

[%]

[%]

Total E-UTRAN RRC Connection Setup Success Ratio, PLMN level

optimized

default

optimized

RRC Guard Timer: parameter description • rrcGuardTimer (LNBTS) is a modifiable parameter starting from FL17 software release. • RRC Guard Timer is started when an RRC message for setup, modification or release of a radio bearer is sent to the UE. When the timer expires, the corresponding procedure is aborted with S1AP cause “Failure in the Radio Interface procedure”:

Procedure

Related Message

RRC Guard Timer(2s, default)

S1AP Cause

Initial Context Setup Request

UE capability Enquiry

UECapabilityInformation

RRC Security Mode Command

RRC Security Mode Complete

Failure in the Radio Interface procedure

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete

E-RAB Setup Request UE Context Modification Failure E-RAB Modify Response E-RAB Release Command During HO process

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RRC Guard Timer expiry: examples of possible scenarios (I) 1.

During Initial setup procedure, if RrcConnectionReconfigurationComplete message is not coming from UE before RRC Guard Timer (by default 2s) expires, eNodeB will release this call with “Failure-in-radio-interface-procedure” cause in InitialContextSetupFailure message. This will cause failure in E-RAB Setup. Below example of message flow is taken from eNB 524996.

2.

During inter-eNodeB X2 HO procedure, when UE accesses to Target Cell it should send RrcConnectionReconfiguration Complete

message before RRC Guard Timer 2s expires. If the timer expires, the Target eNodeB shall abort the handover procedure.

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RRC Guard Timer expiry: examples of possible scenarios (II) • During inter-eNodeB X2 HO procedure, after UE access to Target Cell successfully with response of RrcConnectionReconfiguration Complete message, then Target ENB send new HO information with RrcConnectionReconfiguration message but no response from UE within RRC Guard Timer (2s). • Finally RRC Guard timer expires, then eNB sends UEContextRelease message with cause “Failure in radio interface procedure”

rrcGuardTime r=2s

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RRC Guard Timer optimization preferred once L1 is completed

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Intra-LTE handover optimization

a3offset LNREL.cellIndOffNeigh

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X2 link status for RLF / ERAB DR RRC connection re-establishment procedure to other eNB

Other eNB

Serving eNB

UE

Cell A

•

Cell B

with valid UE Context

•

UE initially served by cell A RLF, HO failure, mobility from E-UTRA failure, integrity check failure, RRC connection reconfiguration failure detected

•

Cell B selected during cell selection process acc. to 36.304

•

PRACH Random Access (Msg1) PRACH Random Access Response (Msg2)

RRC:RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest sent by the UE to the cell B covers information about PCI, C-RNTI, shortMAC-I used so far by serving cell A Based on the received PCI value, Other eNB recognizes that the so far serving cell A does not belong to Other eNB This is the trigger for sending of X2AP: RLF INDICATION by Other eNB It is crucial that this X2AP message is sent to all eNBs for which NR, with signaled by RRC message PCI exists; (the serving eNB is one of them)

RRCConnectionReestablishmentRequest (Msg3) X2AP: RLF INDICATION

RLF triggered Inter-eNB handover

X2AP: HANDOVER REQUEST Admission Control

RRCConnectionReestablishment (Msg4)

RRCConnectionReestablishmentComplete (Msg5)

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X2 link status has to be available

X2AP: HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE

Row Labels 0 1 Grand Total

Count of x2LinkStatus 531 1284 1815

LTE antenna configuration, example 1 ~70% of the network has pre- and post-swap configuration as presented below. • Before swap LTE was served by 3G antenna with total antenna tilt = X • After swap LTE is served by 2G 1800 antenna with total antenna tilt = Y, where Y<>X

LTE antenna before swap

LTE antenna after swap

L1800 G1800 NOKIA

L1800 NOKIA

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© 2018 Nokia

LTE antenna configuration, example 2 Another common type of pre- and post-swap configuration as presented below. • Before swap LTE was served by single-band antenna with total antenna tilt = X • After swap LTE is served by 2G 1800 antenna with total antenna tilt = Y, where Y<>X

LTE antenna after swap

LTE antenna before swap

L1800 G1800 NOKIA

L1800 NOKIA

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Antenna Combination Templates