Methods Of Research (calderon & Gonzales)

METHODS OF RESEARCH AN INTRODUCTION

OUTLINE       

Meaning of Research Purposes of Research Characteristics of Good Research Kinds and Classifications of Research The Scientific Method of Research The Research Problem Title, Statement of the Problem & Hypothesis

Brief Activity… Arrange the steps of scientific method of research :  Research design  Implications & conclusions  Hypothesis  Library research  Collect data  Problem identification  Analyze data  Recommendation

Meanings of Research 

Careful, critical, disciplined inquiry, varying techniques and method…



A systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic/problem.

Purposes of Research 

Good life



Deeper understanding



Improve judgment & decision-making



Satisfy curiosity



Promote health & prolong life

Characteristics of GOOD RESEARCH           

1. Systematic 2. controlled 3. Empirical 4. Analytical 5. Objective, unbiased & logical 6. Original work 7. Done by an expert 8. Accurate investigation, observation & description 9. Patient & unhurried 10. Effort-making capacity 11. Requires courage

Kinds & Classification 

A. ACCORDING TO PURPOSE  Predictive

or prognostic

 Directive  Illuminative

Kinds & Classification 

B. ACCORDING TO GOAL  Basic

or pure research  Applied

Kinds & Classification 

C. ACCORDING TO THE LEVELS OF INVESTIGATION  Exploratory  Descriptive  Experimental



D. ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF ANALYSIS  Analytic  Holistic

Kinds & Classification 

E. ACCORDING TO SCOPE  Action



research

F. ACCORDING TO CHOICE OF ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS  Evaluation  Developmental

Kinds & Classification 

G. ACCORDING TOSTATISTICAL CONTENT  Quantitative  Non-



quantitative

H. ACCORDING TOTIME ELEMENT  Historical  Descriptive  Experimental

Hindrances to Scientific Inquiry Illogical reasoning mystification

Tradition

“to err is human”

Authority Inaccurate observation Overgeneralization

Selective observation Made-up information

dogmatism

I. RESEARCH PROBLEM 

Elements:     

Why conduct the study? What is to be studied? Where to be conducted? When is the study to be carreid out? Who will participate the study?

I. RESEARCH PROBLEM 

GUIDELINES:      

Chosen Interest Specialization Competence Financial Capacity Researchable& Manageable

I. RESEARCH PROBLEM 

GUIDELINES: 

Researchable & Manageable          

Data access, criteria-laden, answers sub-problems, hypothesis is testable, valid & reliable tools, time-bound, significant/relevant to present situations, Practicality and implement ability of results Original, critical and reflective thinking in solving Has delimitations

I. RESEARCH PROBLEM 

GUIDELINES:  Time-bounded  Significant/relevant

to present situations,  Practicality and implement ability of results  Original, critical and reflective thinking in solving

I. RESEARCH PROBLEM 

GUIDELINES:  Has contributions: national, local, human knowledge, solutions to problems  Do not advocate the antisocial values (drug addiction, cruelty, hatred, multiple sex mating, etc.)  Return of investment: monetary, promotion, skills in the profession, prestige & reputation

I. RESEARCH PROBLEM 

GUIDELINES:  Considers hazards involved, either physical, social or legal

TITLE DEVELOPMENT 

CHARACTERISTICS:  



 

Formulated ahead of the conduct research. Contain the subject matter , the locale, population, and period of the study. Indicates what is expected to be found inside the thesis report. Brief & concise. Written in inverted pyramid, all words are capitalized

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 

GUIDELINES:      

Formulated ahead of the conduct research Interrogative format Clear & unequivocal Researchable Answers are interpreted independently Each question contributes to the development of the whole research topic

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 

GUIDELINES: 

NOTE  Before

writing the specific questions, determine first the different aspects of research problem to be studied and for each aspect make one specific question (sub- questions if necessary).



Start with general statement of the problem and subquestions afterwards.

HYPOTHESIS Tentative conclusion to a specific question; an educated guess for a specific question

2 FORMS  

Operational Null Form

FUNCTIONS     

Designing the study Determine assumptions Determining the relevance of the study Bases for explanation of the gathered data Aid in consolidating findings and formulating conclusions

Activity 



1. Academic stress and self-regulation strategies among senior college students 2. Stress Management and academic performance of PolSci Students

Group Activity Develop a concept paper for a possible research undertaking and formulate the following: A. TITLE B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM a. b.

General Specific Questions

C. Hypothesis a. operational

b. Null form * Report your agreed concept paper in the class.