My Presentation On Android History

Android

Google

WHAT IS ANDROID? • It is a open source software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux kernel • Developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) • Allows writing managed code in the Java language with its own virtual machine i.e. DVM ( Dalvik Virtual Machine) which is used for executing the android application. • Google purchased the initial developer of the software , android incorporated in 2005.

HISTORY OF ANDROID The development of Android started in 2003 by Android Inc which was purchased by Google in 2005 Android Inc. founded in Palo Alto California united states in October 2003 by 1. 2. 3. 4.

Andy Rubin [co-founder of Danger ] Rich miner [co-founder of wildfire communication Inc.] Nick sears [once VP at Tmobile] Chris white [Headed design and interface development at web TV]

ALPHA RELEASE • There were at least two internal releases of the software inside Google and the OHA before the beta version was released. The code names "Astro Boy" and "Bender" were used internally for some pre-1.0 milestones • Dan Morrill created some of the first mascot logos, but the current Android logo was designed by Irina Blok. The project manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived the confectionery-themed naming scheme that has been used for the majority of the public releases, starting with Android 1.5 Cupcake

BETA RELEASE The beta was released on November 5, 2007,[ while the software development kit (SDK) was released on November 12, 2007.The November 5 date is popularly celebrated as Android's "birthday". Public beta versions of the SDK were released in the following order 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

November 12, 2007: m3-rc20a (milestone 3, release code 20a)[25] November 16, 2007: m3-rc22a (milestone 3, release code 22a)[26] December 14, 2007: m3-rc37a (milestone 3, release code 37a)[27] February 13, 2008: m5-rc14 (milestone 5, release code 14)[28] March 3, 2008: m5-rc15 (milestone 5, release code 15)[24] August 18, 2008: 0.9 Beta[29][30] September 23, 2008: 1.0-r1[31][32]

Commercial Version Android 1.0 (API 1) Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008. The first commercially available Android device was the HTC Dream. Android 1.0

Android Version History

Code name

Version number

Initial release date

API level

Security patches[1]

(No codename)[2]

1.0

September 23, 2008

1

Unsupported

(Internally known as "Petit Four")[2]

1.1

February 9, 2009

2

Unsupported

Cupcake

1.5

April 27, 2009

3

Unsupported

Donut[3]

1.6

September 15, 2009

4

Unsupported

Eclair[4]

2.0 – 2.1

October 26, 2009

5–7

Unsupported

Froyo[5]

2.2 – 2.2.3

May 20, 2010

8

Unsupported

Gingerbread[6]

2.3 – 2.3.7

December 6, 2010

9 – 10

Unsupported

Honeycomb[7]

3.0 – 3.2.6

February 22, 2011

11 – 13

Unsupported

Ice Cream Sandwich[8]

4.0 – 4.0.4

October 18, 2011

14 – 15

Unsupported

Jelly Bean[9]

4.1 – 4.3.1

July 9, 2012

16 – 18

Unsupported

KitKat[10]

4.4 – 4.4.4

October 31, 2013

19 – 20

Supported

Lollipop[12]

5.0 – 5.1.1

November 12, 2014

21 – 22

Supported

Marshmallow[13]

6.0 – 6.0.1

October 5, 2015

23

Supported

Nougat[14]

7.0 – 7.1.2

August 22, 2016

24 – 25

Supported

Oreo

8.0

August 21, 2017

26

Supported

Android Features • • • • • • • •

Application Framework Dalvik virtual machine Integrated (webkit) browser 2D and 3D graphics APIs with HW SQLite Video and audio codecs Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer

Android Architecture The software stack is split into Four Layers

• The application layer • The application framework • The libraries and runtime • The kernel

Android Architecture

Android Architecture

The architecture is based on the Linux2.6 kernel • This layer is core of android architecture. It provides service like power management, memory management, security etc.

• It helps in software or hardware binding for better communication.

NATIVE LIBRARIES

• Android has its own libraries, which is written in C/C+ These libraries cannot be accessed directly. With the help of application framework, we can access these libraries. There are many libraries like web libraries to access web browsers, libraries for android and video formats etc.

ANDROID RUNTIME

• The Android Runtime was designed specifically for Android to meet the needs of running in an embedded environment where you have limited battery, limited memory, limited CPU. • Dalvik is the process virtual machine in Google's android operating system. I is the software that runs the apps on android devices. Dalvik is thus an integral part of android ,which is typically used on mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers. • Programs are commonly written in java and compiled to byte code. • This is in blue, meaning that it's written in the Java programming language. • The core library contains all of the collection classes, utilities, IO, all the utilities and tools that you’ve come to expected to use.

Application Framework

• This is all written in a Java programming language and the application framework is the toolkit that all applications use • These applications include the ones that come with a phone like the home applications, or the phone application • It includes applications written by Google, and it includes apps that will be written by you. • All the applications like camera, Google maps, browser,sms,calendars,contacts are native applications. These applications works with end user with the help of application framework to operate

Activity manager:-It manages the lifecycle of applications. It enable proper management of all the activities. All the activities are controlled by activity manager. • Resource manager:-It provides access to non-code resources such as graphics etc. • Notification manager:-It enables all applications to display custom alerts in status bar. • Location manager:- It fires alerts when user enters or leaves a specified geographical location. • Package manager:-It is use to retrieve the data about installed packages on device. • Window manager:-It is use to create views and layouts. • Telephony manager:-It is use to handle settings of network connection and all information about services on device.