Organization And Management.pdf

11 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT First Quarter

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education REGION II – CAGAYAN VALLEY

COPYRIGHT PAGE Learning Activity Sheet Organization and Management Grade 11 Copyright @ 2020 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Regional Office No. 02 (Cagayan Valley) Regional Government Center, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, 3500 “No copy of this material shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.” This material has been developed for the implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating edited versions, an enhancement of supplementary work are permitted provided all original works are acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from the material for commercial purposes and profit. Consultants: Regional Director Assistant Regional Director Schools Division Superintendent Assist. Schools Division Supt.

ESTELA L. CARIŇO, EdD, CESO IV RHODA T. RAZON, EdD, CESO V MADELYN L. MACALLING, PhD, CESO VI EDNA P. ABUAN, PhD DANTE J. MARCELO, PhD, CESO VI OCTAVIO V. CABASAG, PhD RODRIGO V. PASCUA, EdD

Chief Educ. Supervisor, CLMD Chief Education Supervisor, CID Development Team Writers : Angelica A. Bangad, Mary Jean T. Sabado, Vanessa F. Salinas Content Editors : Inocencio T. Balag, ,Vanessa F. Salinas, Cyril M. Pacunana Claudine A. Sevilleja, Mary Mendoza Language Editor

: Jennyrose E. Bicera

Focal Persons

: Inocencio T. Balag, EPS Math, SDO Isabela Maria Cristina A. Acosta, PhD, EPS LRMS, SDO Isabela Isagani R. Duruin, PhD., Regional EPS- Mathematics Rizalino G. Caronan, Regional EPS- LRMDS Printed by DepEd Regional Office No. 02 Regional Center, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Competency

Page No.

Explain the Meaning, Functions, Types and Theories of Management-------------------------------------------------------------------1

Explain the Functions, Roles and Skills of a Manager----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 Analyze Various Forces/Elements Influencing Local and International Business Environment using PEST and SWOT Strategies----------------------------------------------------------------------------38

Analyze the Forms and Economic Roles of Business Organization-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------46 Differentiate the Faces of Economic Development and its Impact to Business Environment -------------------------------------------------------------53 Discuss the Nature and Levels of Planning And Types of plans--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------62 Apply Appropriate Planning Techniques and Tools In Business Decision Making--------------------------------------------------------------------------70

Analyze the Nature of Organization and Types of Organization----------------------------------83

Apply Organization Theories for Effective Business Management -----------------------93

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ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Name of Learner: _____________________________________ Grade: ______________ Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Definition and Functions of Management Background Information for Learners: Management is the process of coordinating and overseeing the work performance of individuals working together in an organization so that they could efficiently and effectively accomplish their chosen goals. Management is also known as group of individuals occupying managerial positions. (Cabrera,et al. 3) Managerial levels in an organization are typically classified into three: top-level managers, middle-level managers and lower -level managers. An individual involved in managing people is called a manager. Managers play a vital role in an organization towards achieving the organization’s goals and objectives. They must possess the necessary skills like conceptual skills, human skills and technical skills. Also, effective managers must have the ability to influence others and most often they are persuasive leaders. These traits are manifested as they carry out their functions. The five functions of management are: 1. Planning- the process that involves the setting of the organization’s goals, establishing strategies for accomplishing those goals and developing plans of action or means that managers intend to use to achieve organizational goals. 2. Organizing- the process of allocating resources to achieve goals. 3. Staffing- the filling of different job positions in the organization’s structure. 4. Leading- the influencing or the motivating of subordinates to do their best, so that they would be able to help the organization’s endeavor to attain their set goals. 5. Controlling- involves evaluating and correcting if necessary, of the work performance of individuals or workgroups/teams to make sure that they are all working toward a common direction or toward or toward the previously set goals/plans of the organization. (Cabrera,et al. 3)

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Learning Competency with code: •

Explain the meaning , functions and types and theories of management (ABM_AOM11-Ia-b1-2) Activity I Directions/Instructions: Using the box below, clip letters from the word MANAGEMENT to form new word and define it. Terminology:

Cropped Word/s:

You define Management as:

MANAGEMENT

Activity II Directions/Instructions: Looking at the following pictures, identify what business resources does each depicts and write it on the blank below the images.

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Activity III Arrange the jumbled letters to form a word and write your answer in the opposite box. Using the other box below, write the functions of management in order and look for the definition of each word in letter A. JUMBLED LETTERS CERTIIGDN ZGOGARGIINN ANNGNIPL TFAFSGIN TOONRLLGNIC

ANSWER ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

Functions of Management 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A. Identification ________________1. This involves filling and keeping filled the positions provided in the organization structure. ________________2. The grouping together of people, establishing relationship among them and defining the authority and responsibility that the personnel have in the use of company’s material resources to attain predetermined goals and objectives. ________________3. This is the process of measuring and correcting the activities of subordinates and the company itself to assure conformity to plans. ________________4. A function of leading the employees to perform efficiently, and contribute their optimum to the achievement of organizational objectives. ________________5. This refers to the formulation of objectives, programs, policies, procedures, rules and regulations, in order to achieve the goals of the business. Directions: Identify what function of management does each statement belong. Write P for Planning, O for Organizing, S for Staffing, D for Directing, and C for Controlling before the number. ______1. The most fundamental and the most pervasive of all management functions. ______2. It measures the performance against goals and plans. ______3. Placing right person to the right job. ______4. Recruitment for attracting adequate number of potential employees to seek jobs in the enterprise. ______5. Identification of activities required for the achievement of enterprise objectives and implementation of plans. ______6. This involves establishing an intentional structure of roles for the men to fill in an enterprise. Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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______7. This involves forecasting that is making decisions in advance. ______8. This involves motivation, leadership styles and approaches and communication. ______9. This involves selecting the best course of action that a business or other enterprises and every department will follow. ______10. This is the identification or grouping of work to be done, the delegation of authority and responsibility, and the establishment of relationships among company’s material resources to attain common objectives. Activity IV Read and analyze the definition of management. Then, complete the Process of Management using the graphic organizer below. Management is defined in so many ways depending upon the viewpoints, beliefs, and interpretations of the manager. However, from the book, Management for Filipinos of Dr. Conrado E. Iñigo, Management is the distinct process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objectives by the use of human being and other business resources.

Guide Questions: 1. What are the functions of management? How does each function coordinated to one another? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

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2. What are the 6 M’s of management? How can you manage these effectively and efficiently? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Reflection: “How can you apply or use the concept of Management in your daily activities? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Rubrics for Scoring: Essay Rubric Features

4

3

Quality of Writing

Very informative and well-organized

Somewhat informative and organized

Ideas

Presents original Presents ideas in and organized a consistent ideas manner

Ideas are too general

Ideas are vague or unclear

Understanding

Writing shows strong understanding

Writing shows a clear understanding

Writing shows adequate understanding

Writing shows little understanding

Grammar

Virtually no spelling and grammatical errors

Few spelling A number of and grammatical spelling and errors grammatical errors

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2

1

Gives new Gives no new information but information and poorly organized poorly organized

So many spelling and grammatical errors

5

Reference for learners: 1. Iñigo, Conrado E. (2005). Management for Filipinos. Parañaque City: Nelson Publications. 2. Echanis, Erlinda S. & Rodriguez, Rafael A. (2001). Fundamentals of Management Text & Philippine Cases. Mandaluyong City: Diwata Publishing Inc. 3. Cabrera, Ma.Helena F.,Anthony DC. Altarejos and Riza Benjamin. Organization Management. Department of Education,Vibal Group Inc.,2016 4. Organization and Management.3G Elearning,2017 5. http://public.tepper.cmu.edu/ethics/AA/mgtmini.htm

Answer Key: Activity I. Terminology:

Cropped Word/s:

MANAGEMENT

You define Management as:

Man/men Manage Age Team Game Meant Gate Mean Emanate

Answers may vary

Activity II 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Men/women/people/manpower Money/financial resources Materials/raw materials Machines Methods/procedures Market/customers

Activity III Jumbled Letters

Answer

CERTIIGDN ZGOARGIINN ANNGNIPL TFAFSGIN TOONRLLGNIC

DIRECTING ORGANIZING PLANNING STAFFING CONTROLLING

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Functions of Management 1. PLANNING 2. ORGANIZING 3. STAFFING 4. DIRECTING 5. CONTROLLING

1. STAFFING 2. ORGANIZING 3. CONTROLLING 4. DIRECTING 5. PLANNING

A. Identification

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

PLANNING CONTROLLING STAFFING STAFFING ORGANIZING

6. ORGANIZING 7. PLANNING 8. DIRECTING 9. PLANNING 10. ORGANIZING

Activity IV

Guided Questions: 1. What are the functions of management? How is each function be coordinated to each other? Answer: Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling. Planning is the foundation of the other 4 functions of management. Planning will interlock and interrelate to organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Controlling function checks the effectiveness and efficiency of what was planned. 2. What are the 6 M’s of management? How to manage these effectively and efficiently? Answer: Men/women/people/manpower; money/financial resources; materials or raw materials; machines; methods or procedures; and market. These are used harmoniously through the functions of management (planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling) so that the expected end-result may be attained, all within the anticipated problems of time, effort and expenses.

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ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Name of Learner: _____________________________________ Grade: ______________ Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Evolution of Management Theories Background Information for Learners: Management theories help improve the management process. Most individuals wonder how organizations came to existence and how they grew. Their existence, growth and modernity can be explained through some theories or school of thought. While several theories have been advanced to explain the structure, functioning and managing of organizations to date, none is considered complete, or is accepted as being final. Each theory has some limitations and the field of management theory is in the process of evolving. The management theories were summarized below. Evolution of Management Thought

Sourcehttps://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-of- management-and-organisational-behaviour-tutorial366

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Learning Competency with code: •

Explain the meaning , functions and types and theories of management (ABM_AOM11-Ia-b1-2)

Activity I Directions/Instructions: Create a timeline to note the important periods of the School of Management Thought. Use the format below to indicate your answer. School of Management

Theorist

Contributions

Scientific Management School

Organizational School

Behavioral School

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Quantitative School

Integrative School

Contemporary School

Activity II Match the following management theorist to their respective thoughts. Write your answer in the column before Column A. Column A

Column B

1.

He is the father of Scientific Management

Henri Fayol

2.

He developed the Gantt Chart that provides graphic Max Weber representation of the flow of the work required to complete a task

3.

He described an ideal type of organization called Henry Gantt Bureaucracy.

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4.

He proposed a hierarchy of five needs: physiological, Mckinsey safety, social, esteem and self-actualization.

5.

He is best known for his formulation of two sets of Hugo Munsterberg assumptions-Theory X and Theory Y.

6.

He based on this notion: ‘Every situation is unique’

7.

These firms are those which are highly successful Frederick W. Taylor American firms that use many of the Japanese management practices.

8.

He proposed the 7-S factors: Strategy, Structure, Contingency Theory Systems, Staff, Style, Skills, and Super ordinate goals.

9.

He is the Father of Principles of Management

10.

He created the field of industrial psychology-scientific Douglas McGregor study of people at work.

Theory Z

Abraham Maslow

Activity III The well-known contributors of the School of Management Thoughts are Frederick W. Taylor and Henri Fayol. Using the given table, make a comparison essay focuses on similarities and differences on the perspective and Focus of Taylor and Fayol. Basis of Comparison

Taylor

Fayol

Perspective

Focus

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Activity IV Complete the chart below by thinking of a concrete situation either in your home, school, or community in which you can apply or use the following principles and identify how it was applied. Principles

Individual or Organization

How it was applied?

Scientific Management

Division of Work

Authority and Responsibility

Scalar Chain

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Esprit de Corps

Span of Control

Simplicity

Unity of Command

Centralization/Decentralization

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Order

Equity

Guide Questions: 1. How can management be learned? Cite concrete situation or example. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why is it important for every manager to be equipped with the different management theories? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________

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Reflection: “Which among the management of thoughts is the most applicable to you, to your family, and to your school? Why? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________

Rubrics for Scoring: Essay Rubric Features

4

3

2

Quality of Writing

Very informative and well-organized

Somewhat informative and organized

Gives new Gives no new information but information and poorly organized poorly organized

Ideas

Presents original Presents ideas in and organized a consistent ideas manner

Ideas are too general

Ideas are vague or unclear

Understanding

Writing shows strong understanding

Writing shows a clear understanding

Writing shows adequate understanding

Writing shows little understanding

Grammar

Virtually no spelling and grammatical errors

Few spelling A number of and grammatical spelling and errors grammatical errors

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1

So many spelling and grammatical errors

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Compare and Contrast Rubric Category

4

3

2

1

Purpose and supporting details

The paper compares and contrast items clearly.

The paper compares and contrasts items clearly, but the supporting information is general

The paper compares and contrasts items clearly, but the supporting information is incomplete

The paper comparers or contrasts, but does not include both

Organization and Structure

The paper breaks the information into whole-to-whole similarities-todifferences, or point-by-point structure. It follows a consistent order when discussing the comparison

The paper breaks the information into whole-to-whole, similarities-todifferences, or point-by-point structure but does not follow a consistent order when discussing the comparison

The paper breaks the information into whole-to-whole, similarities-todifferences, to point-to-point structure, but some information is in the wrong section. Some details are not in a logical or expected order, and this distracts the reader

Many details are not in a logical or expected order. There is little sense that the writing is organized.

Transitions

The paper moves smoothly from one idea to the next. The paper uses comparison and contrast transition words to show relationships between ideas.

The paper moves from one idea to the next, but there is little variety. The paper uses comparison and contrast transition words to show relationships between ideas

Some transitions work well; but connections between other ideas are fuzzy

The transitions between ideas are unclear or nonexistent

Grammar

Virtually no spelling and grammatical errors

Few spelling A number of and grammatical spelling and errors grammatical errors

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So many spelling and grammatical errors

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Reference for learners: 1. Iñigo, Conrado E. (2005). Management for Filipinos. Parañaque City: Nelson Publications. 2. Echanis, Erlinda S. & Rodriguez, Rafael A. (2001). Fundamentals of Management Text & Philippine Cases. Mandaluyong City: Diwata Publishing Inc. 3. http://public.tepper.cmu.edu/ethics/AA/mgtmini.htm

Answer Key: Activity I School of Theorist Management

Contributions

Scientific Management School

Charles Babbage ( 1792-1871)

He stressed the means of determining the feasibility of replacing manual operations with machines

Frederick W. Taylor ( 1856-1915)

Father of Scientific Management; Develop a science for each job with standardized work implements and efficient methods for all to follow

Henry Gantt

He developed the Gantt Chart that provides graphic presentation of the flow of the work required to complete a given task.

Frank (1868-1924) and Lillian The man and wife team developed a classification (1878-1972) Gilbreth scheme for the various motions (17 basic hand motions) used to complete a job referring a motion as a therblig

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Organizational School

Henri Fayol

He is the Father of the 14 Principles of Management Principles: Division of Work; Authority and Responsibility; Unity of Command; Subordination of Individual interest to General interest; Centralization; Scalar Chain; Stability of Tenure; Exprit de Corps; Span of Control; Simplicity; Unity of Direction; Order; Equity

Max Weber (1864-1920)

He described an ideal type of organization that he called a BUREAUCRACY, a form of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detail rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships.

James D. Mooney and Alan C. The fundamental principles of organizations are: The Reilly Coordination Principle; The Scalar Principle; The Functional Principle

Chester Barnard (1886-1961)

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Developed theories about the functions of the manager as determined by constant interaction with the environment. Also, he developed set of working principles by which organization communication systems can maintain final authority for the management team.

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Behavioral School

Chester Barnard

He believed manager’s job was to communicate and stimulate employee’s high level of effort; Actual manager who thought organizations were social system that required cooperation

Herbert A. Simon

He is best known for his work in the field of decision making and administrative behavior. The manager is an administrative man, not an economic man.

P.F. Drucker

Organizational Behavior

Robert Owen (1771-1858)

Concerned about deplorable working conditions; Proposed idealistic workplace; Argued that money spend improving labor was smart investment

Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916)

He created the field of Industrial Psychologyscientific study of people at work; Suggested using psychological tests for employee selection, learning theory concepts for employees training and study of human behavior for employee motivation

George Elton Mayo (1880-1949)

His contribution to management thoughts lies in the recognition of the fact that worker’s performance is related to psychological, sociological and physical factors.

Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933)

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He is one of the first to recognize that organization 19

could be viewed from the perspective of individual and group behavior; Proposed more people-oriented ideas than scientific management followers; Thought organizations should be based on group ethic Abraham Maslow

Douglas McGregor (1906-1964)

Chris Argyris

Quantitative School

He proposed a hierarchy of five needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and selfactualization. This theory is operationalized through two principle: (1) The deficit principle holds that a relatively well-satisfied need is not a strong motivator of behavior (2) the progression principle holds that, once a need is fairly-well satisfied, behavior is dominated by the next level in the need hierarchy.

He is best known for his formulation of two sets of assumptions-Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X-man by nature is sluggish and shirker. Theory Y-man wants to work provided the conditions are favorable.

He developed the theory that both traditional management practices and organizational structure are inconsistent with the growth and development of the matured personality.

Features: Primary Focus on Decision Making Based on Economic Decision Theory

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Use of Formal Mathematical Models Use of Computers Contributors: W.C. Churchman, J.C. March, Forrest, H.A. Simon, Raiffa Environment: During cold industrial/military conflicts Integrative School

war

Contingency Theory

recession,

conglomerates,

It is based on the notion that the proper management technique in a given situation depends upon the nature and conditions of that situation

Systems Theory (Open System, Closed System, Socio-technical system)

Contemporary School

Global Business

The recent emergence of a truly global economy is affecting every manager in the world.

Theory Z

These firms are those which are highly successful American firms that use many of the Japanese management practices. Type Z firm features long-term employment with a moderately specialized career path and slow evaluation and promotion.

Mckinsey 7-S

Strategy, Structure, Systems, Staff, Style, Skills, Super ordinate goals

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Successful firms make it a point to know their customers 21

and their needs; a successful firm makes things happen

Quality and Productivity

Consumers are encouraged to buy a product that demonstrates the highest level of quality at the optimum price. This requires a dedicated and skilled work force that places utmost importance on quality workmanship

Activity II 1. FREDERICK W. TAYLOR 2. HENRY GANTT 3. MAX WEBER 4. ABRAHAM MASLOW 5. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR 6. CONTINGENCY THEORY 7. THEORY Z 8. MCKINSEY 9. HENRI FAYOL 10. HUGO MUNSTERBERG Activity III Basis of Comparison

Taylor

Fayol

1. Focus

Improving productivity Improving through work simplification administration and standardization general principles

2. Personality

Scientists

overall through

Practitioner

Activity IV. Answers may vary

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ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Name of Learner: _____________________________________ Grade: ______________ Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Functions, Roles and Skills of a Manager Background Information for Learners: The organization and management’s success depends on how managers perform their functions and roles. The term ‘manager’ is widely used term in the business world. Manager is a person who has responsibility for the activities of other people in the organization. Hence, firm’s president is called manager, a commander of a troop of managers. Despite of company’s high end machineries, huge capital, strong brand, committed employees, and loyal customers, still the success relies most on how managers effectively and efficiently perform their functions, roles and equipped with managerial skills. Manager’s Roles In performing the various functions of management, a manager assumes various roles. These are inherent behaviors for any manager of any kind of organization. Roles are patterns of behavior that are expected of an individual in doing his functions. There are ten basic roles displayed by managers. The said roles are grouped into three main functions: 1. Interpersonal roles. The manager as a figurehead. He performs ceremonial activities, like attending the wedding of his subordinates, public relations with customers, and similar human relations. The manager is also the leader. He leads his subordinates through proper motivation techniques. He also plays a liaison role. He does not only interact with his subordinates and superiors, but also with suppliers and other clients. 2. Informational roles. In all his functions, a manager performs communication roles. He monitors needed information and disseminates this to his subordinates. The manager is also a spokesperson. He gives information to groups outside the organization. 3. Decision-making. Information provides inputs for decision-making. As a decision-maker, a manager acts as an entrepreneur; that is, he improves the methods of operation, or introduces new and better ways of doing things in his department. The manager may also be a disturbance handler. He handles crises like strikes, violations of contracts, and similar management problems. The manager is likewise a resource allocator. He allocates productive resources like money, materials, machines and even time. In addition, he is also a negotiator. He negotiates with suppliers and other clients of the organization.

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Classification of managers 1. Based on their level in the company a. Top managers - Senior executives of the firm, elected by shareholders b. Middle managers - Senior executives of the firm, elected by shareholders c. First-line managers - These are supervisors, who are in charge of the workers. 2. Based on the tasks for which they are responsible. Example: a. Production manager b. Personnel manager c. Finance manager d. Sales manager Skills of manager. The three basic skills that a manager must possess are: 1. Technical skill of a manager refers to the use of their expertise for them to perform their tasks proficiently. Accountants, economists, bookkeepers, doctors lawyers, geologist uses their knowledge and ability on their own specialized field. Just like these professional s, managers must also know and be able to apply the technical aspects of his job. 2. Human skill refers to human relations. It is the ability to work effectively with people at all levels in the organization’s internal and external environment. Possessing such skills, a manager can easily motivate and influence people to work on the direction set by the organization towards the achievement of its goals and objectives. 3. Conceptual The ability of the manager to visualize the welfare of the entire organization in relation to wider environment as it provide possible solution to problems .(Cabrera et. al 9) (Feliciano, F.R.(1997) Management, Rex Book Store, Inc)

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Learning Competency with code: Explain the functions, roles and skills of a manager (Quarter I, Week 2) AOM11-Ia-b-3 This self-learning activity sheet guides the learners to capacitate on the basic tasks of managers at the different levels of the organization and comprehend how managers contributes to the organization’s success. Activity I Directions/Instructions: Plot the levels of management on the pyramid.

Activity II Based on the pictures given below, answer this question, ‘What do managers do? Write your answer on the blanks.

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Activity III Levels-Skills Mix. Identify the managerial skills being described in the box at the right. Write your answers on the inverted pyramid.

Activity IV Identify the role performed by managers, write your answers on the space provided. After doing it, categorize your answers by classifying where it belongs by filling up the box below. 1. This is the role played by managers when 2. Every manager must cultivate contacts with they initiate and coordinate activities in their persons in other units within and outside the units. organization.

_______________________________

______________________________

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3. The manager informs and satisfies various groups and people who influence his organization such as shareholders and even government that the organization is fulfilling its social responsibilities.

_______________________________

4. The manager has to perpetually scan the environment for information, interrogates liaison contracts and subordinates as it allows to monitor activities of the organization.

_______________________________

5. The manager exercise a key role in the 6. Manager is like a fire fighter, he must seek distribution of funds, personnel, materials and solutions of various unanticipated problems other organizational resources. such as bankruptcy, withdrawal of suppliers and customers and so on.

_______________________________

_______________________________

7. Since managers are the hub of information. They are have a key role in transmitting and disseminating such information to other parts of the organization.

8. Managers are frequently involved in negotiation activities such as suppliers, customers, labor unions, governemnt and so on.

______________________________

_______________________________

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9. A role assumed by managers when they 10. In this role, the manager constantly looks represent their respective units in the outside out for new ideas and seek to improve world in ceremonial and civic activities. operations by adapting a certain conditions in the environment.

_______________________________

_______________________________

3 Classification of Roles 1. Interpersonal Roles a. b. c. 2. Informational Roles a. b. c. 3. Decisional Roles a. b. c. d.

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Activity V What is your stand regarding the statement ‘Managers are Born Not Made’. Elaborate your answers by citing managers in your barangay or in your municipality and what made you think they are potential managers.

Guide Questions: 1. Do you believe that Top management should possess conceptual skills over technical skills? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. How do managers contribute to the achievement of organizational goals? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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Reflection: “As a student and aspiring young professional, how will you carry out your roles, functions and skills in our family and school? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Rubrics for Scoring: Essay Rubric Features

4

3

2

1

Quality of Writing

Very informative and well-organized

Somewhat informative and organized

Gives new Gives no new information but information and poorly organized poorly organized

Ideas

Presents original Presents ideas in and organized a consistent ideas manner

Ideas are too general

Ideas are vague or unclear

Understanding

Writing shows strong understanding

Writing shows a clear understanding

Writing shows adequate understanding

Writing shows little understanding

Grammar

Virtually no spelling and grammatical errors

Few spelling A number of and grammatical spelling and errors grammatical errors

So many spelling and grammatical errors

Reference for learners: 1. Iñigo, Conrado E. (2005). Management for Filipinos. Parañaque City: Nelson Publications. 2. Echanis, Erlinda S. & Rodriguez, Rafael A. (2001). Fundamentals of Management Text & Philippine Cases. Mandaluyong City: Diwata Publishing Inc. 3. http://public.tepper.cmu.edu/ethics/AA/mgtmini.htm 4. Cabrera, Ma.Helena F.,Anthony DC. Altarejos and Riza Benjamin. Organization Management. Department of Education,Vibal Group Inc.,2016 5. Organization and Management.3G Elearning,2017

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Answer Key: Activity I

Activity II

Activity III

Activity IV 1. LEADERSHIP ROLE 2. LIAISON ROLE 3. SPOKESPERSON ROLE Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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4. MONITOR ROLE 5. RESOURCE ALLOCATOR ROLE 6. DISTURBANCE HANDLER/PROBLEM SOLVER ROLE 7. DISSIMINATOR ROLE 8. NEGOTIATOR ROLE 9. FIGUREHEAD ROLE 10. ENTREPRENEURIAL ROLE Activity V. Answer may vary Guided Questions: Answer may vary 1. The top management carries out the conceptual skills because as it has the ultimate source of authority, policy making body and set up organizational plans and frameworks. Technical skills are relatively important at lower or operative management because these perform most on technicalities of procedures, process, machines and making it sure that they are efficient in any type of process or technique they perform. 2. Managers are the major contributors of organizational success through carrying out efficiently and effectively their roles, functions and skills as expected them to perform.

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ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Name of Learner: _____________________________________ Grade: ______________ Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Environmental Forces and Environmental Scanning Background Information for Learners: Just like human beings, business enterprises do not exist in isolation. Each business firm is not an island unto itself; it exists, survives and grows within the context of the element and forces of its environment. While an individual firm is able to do little to change or control these forces, it has no alternative to responding or adapting according to them. A good understanding of environment by business managers enable them not only to identify and evaluate, but also to react to the external forces. Definition of terms: 1. Environmental scanning means seeking for and sorting through data about the environment 2. External business environment refers to the factors/elements outside the organization which may affect, either positively or negatively, the performance of the organization. 3. Internal business environment refers to the factors/elements within the organization which may affect, either positively or negatively, the performance of the organization

Source:https://www.managementstudyhq.com/functions-of-management.html

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4. Micro-environment includes those players whose decisions and actions have a direct impact on the company. Production and selling of commodities are the two important aspects of modern business. Accordingly, the micro-environment of business can be divided. 5. Macro-environment is the condition that exist in the economy as a whole, rather than in a particular sector or region. In general, the macro environment includes trends in the gross domestic product (GDP, inflation, employment, spending, and monetary and fiscal policy. The various constituents of micro-environment are as under: 1. Suppliers of inputs: An important factor in the external micro-environment of a firm is the supplier of its inputs such as raw materials and components. Normally, most firms do not depend on a single supplier of inputs. To reduce risk and uncertainty business firms prefer to keep multiple suppliers of inputs. 2. Customers: The people who buy and use a firm’s product and services are an important part of external micro-environment. Since sales of a product or service is critical for a firm's survival and growth, it is necessary to keep the customers satisfied. A concern for customers’ satisfaction is essential for the success of a business firms. Besides, a business firm has to compete with rival firms to attract customers and thereby increase the demand and market for its product. 3. Marketing intermediaries: In the firm's external micro-environment, marketing intermediaries play an essential role of selling and distributing its products to the final customers. Marketing provides an important link between a business firm and its ultimate customers. 4. Competitors: Different firms in an industry compete for sale of their products. This competition may be based on pricing of their products and non- price competition through competitive advertising such as sponsoring some events to promote the sale of different varieties and models of their products. Because of liberalization and globalization of the Indian economy since the adoption of economic reforms there has been a significant increase in the competitive environment of business firms. Now, Indian firms must compete not only with each other but also with foreign firms whose products can be imported. In America, American firms faced a lot of competition from the Japanese firms producing electronic goods and automobiles. 5. Publics: Finally, publics are an important force in external microenvironment. Environmentalists, media groups, women’s associations, consumer protection groups, local groups, Citizens Association are some important examples of publics which have an important bearing on the business decisions of the firm. The existence of various types of publics influences the working of business firms and compels them to be socially responsible. External Macro Environment Apart from micro-environment, business firms face large external environmental forces. An important fact about external macro environmental forces is that they are uncontrollable by the management. Because of the uncontrollable nature of macro forces a firm must adjust or adapt it to these external forces. These factors are: 1. Economic Environment: Economic environment includes all those forces which have an economic impact on business. Accordingly, total economic environment consists of agriculture, industrial production, infrastructure, and planning, basic economic philosophy, stages of Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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economic development, trade cycles, national income, per capita income, savings, money supply, price level and population. 2. Political-legal Environment: Business firms are closely related to the government. The political- legal environment includes the activities of three political institutions, namely, legislature, executive and judiciary which usually play a useful role in shaping, directing, developing and controlling business activities. 3. Technological Environment: Technological environment is exercising considerable influence on business. Technology implies systematic application of scientific or other organized knowledge to practical tasks or activities. Business makes it possible for technology to r each the people in proper format. 4. Global or International Environment: Global environment plays an important role in shaping business activity. With the liberalization and globalization of the economy, business environment of an economy has become totally different wherein it has to bear all shocks and benefits arising out of global environment. 5. Socio-cultural Environment: Social and cultural environment also influences the business environment indirectly. These include people’s attitude to work and wealth, ethical issues, role of family, marriage, religion and education and also social responsiveness of business. 6. Demographic Environment: The demographic environment includes the size and growth of population, life expectancy of the people, rural-urban distribution of population, the technological skills and educational levels of labor force. All these demographic features have an important bearing on the functioning of business firms. 7. Natural Environment: Natural environment influences business in diverse ways. Business in modern times is dictated by nature. The natural environment is the ultimate source of many inputs such as raw materials and energy, which firms use in their productive activity. The natural environment which includes geographical and ecological factors such as minerals and oil reserves, water and forest resources, weather and climatic conditions are all highly significant for various business activities. 8. Ecological Environment: Due to the efforts of environmentalists and international organizations such as the World Bank the people have now become conscious of the adverse effects of depletion of exhaustible natural resources and pollution of environment by business activity. Accordingly, laws have been passed for conservation of natural resources and prevention of environment pollution. These laws have imposed additional responsibilities and costs for business firms. Internal Environment The factors in internal environment of business are to a certain extent controllable because the firm can change or modify these factors to improve its efficiency. However, the firm may not be able to change all the factors. The various internal factors are: 1. Value system: The value system of an organization means the ethical beliefs that guide the organization in achieving its mission and objectives. It is a widely acknowledged fact that the extent to which the value system is shared by all in the organization is an important factor contributing to its success. Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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2. Mission and objectives: The business domain of the company, direction of development, business philosophy, business policy etc. are guided by the mission and objectives of the company. The objective of all firms is assumed to be maximization of profit. Mission is defined as the overall purpose or reason for its existence which guides and influences its business decision and economic activities. 3. Organization structure: The organizational structure, the composition of the board of directors, the professionalism of management etc. are important factors influencing business decisions. The nature of the organizational structure has a significant influence over the decision-making process in an organization. An efficient working of a business organization requires that the organization structure should be conducive for quick decision-making. 4. Corporate culture: Corporate culture is an important factor for determining the internal environment of any company. In a closed and threatening type of corporate culture the business decisions are taken by top level managers while the middle level and lower level managers have no say in business decision- making. This leads to lack of trust and confidence among subordinate officials of the company and secrecy pervades throughout the organization. 5. Quality of human resources: Quality of employees that is of human resources of a firm is an important factor of internal environment of a firm. The characteristics of the human resources like skill, quality, capability, attitude and commitment of its employees etc. could contribute to the strength and weaknesses of an organization. 6. Labor unions: Labor unions collectively bargains with the managers for better wages and better working conditions of the different categories of workers. For the smooth working of a business firm good relations between management and labor unions is required. 7. Physical resources and technological capabilities: Physical resources such as, plant and equipment and technological capabilities of a firm determine its competitive st rength which is an important factor for determining its efficiency and unit cost of production. Research and development capabilities of a company determine its ability to introduce innovations which enhances productivity of workers. Specific Components of the External Business Environment Stakeholders, Customers, Suppliers, Pressure groups, Organization’s investors or owners and Employees. Component of the Internal Business Environment 1. Resources – financial, physical, mechanical, technological, and human resources must be subjected to internal analysis (SWOT) What Is a SWOT Analysis? A SWOT analysis is a technique used to determine and define your Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT). SWOT analyses can be applied to an entire company or organization, or individual projects within a single department. Most commonly, SWOT analyses are used at the organizational level to determine how closely a business is aligned with its growth trajectories and success benchmarks, but they can also be used to ascertain how well a particular project – such as an online advertising campaign – is performing according to initial projections. Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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Porter’s Five Forces Porter’s Five Forces analysis is a framework that helps analyzing the level of competition within a certain industry. It is especially useful when starting a new business or when entering a new industry sector. According to this framework, competitiveness does not only come from competitors. Rather, the state of competition in an industry depends on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry

Source: https://www.business-to-you.com/porters-five-forces/

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PESTEL Analysis. A PESTEL analysis or PESTLE analysis (formerly known as PEST analysis) is a framework or tool used to analyses and monitor the macro-environmental factors that may have a profound impact on an organization’s performance. This tool is especially useful when starting a new business or entering a foreign market. It is often used in collaboration with other analytical business tools such as the SWOT analysis and Porter’s Five Forces to give a clear understanding of a situation and related internal and external factors. PESTEL is an acronym that stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors.

Source: https://www.wordstream.com/blog/ws/2017/12/20/pestel-analysis

Components of Environmental Scanning 1. Developing a competitive mindset – by seeking and sorting through data about environment, you may be able to understand and predict the various changes, opportunities and threats that may affect organizations in the future. 2. Considering future business scenarios – by realistic consideration of both worse- case scenario or unfavorable future conditions, as well as middle ground possible conditions, you will have an idea or what to do in the future 3. Business prediction (also known as business forecasting) – is a method of predicting how variables in the environment will alter the future of business. It could be used in making decisions regarding offshoring, branching out locally, and expanding or downsizing the company. However, the accuracy of such business predictions cannot always be assured. Benchmarking – the process of measuring or comparing one’s own products, services, and practices with those of the recognized industry leaders in order to identify areas for improvement. This activity sheet serves as your self-learning guide. It tests your ability to observe and analyze how environment affects business particularly in your community.

Learning Competency: Analyze various forces/elements influencing local and international business environment using PEST and SWOT strategies (ABM_AOM11-Ic-d-4-6) Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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Activity I. Mind Mapping Direction: Write any word, phrases or sentences that you think describes business environment.

Activity II: Short Answer Type Question Direction: Based from the Mind Mapping exercise, answer the following questions with 2-3 sentences only. 1. What is your idea about business environment? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 2. Why is it important for business enterprises to understand their environment? Explain briefly. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 3. Mention the various dimensions of business environment. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

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Activity III: Let Me Think Deeper! Directions: Going deeper with the business environment, determine what analysis should be used before engaging with the following business event or activity. Write S when SWOT Analysis is to be used and P if PESTLE Analysis is to be used. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Launching a new initiative Revamping internal policies Pivoting business direction Changing a plan during its execution Evaluating the effectiveness of the decision made 6. Entering a new country, region, or marke

Activity IV: Rebus Puzzle with a Twist. Directions: Determine the word described in each statement below. Draw your answer from the Rebus Puzzle. 1. These are the internal, positive attributes of your company.

2. These are the things that you need to improve to be competitive.

3. These are the external factors in your business environment that are likely to contribute to your success.

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4. You may convert this as your strength when it occurs.

5. _______

Activity V. SWOT Analysis Directions: Using the template below, perform a SWOT Analysis for an Internet Café that you are planning to put up in your own municipality. Based on your analysis, is it possible that your internet cafe will succeed? Explain your answer. Use separate sheet for your answers. STRENGTHS

WEAKNESSES

OPPORTUNITIES

THREATS

PESTLE Analysis As early as January of 2020, you are already thinking of putting up a grocery store in your public market on or before September 2020. September 2020 is fast approaching but several factors have prompted into your mind whether to continue the opening of your business or not due to the problem of COVID 19. Question: Identify changes in business environment under different heads — economic, social, technological, political and legal that have facilitated the companies’ decisions to plan significant investments in organized retailing. Use the template below for your answer.

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POLITICAL

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

TECHNOLOGICAL

LEGAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

Reflection: In this activity, I learned that… ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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Complete this statement. Rubrics for Scoring:

References for learners: 1. Iñigo, Conrado E. (2005). Management for Filipinos. Parañaque City: Nelson Publications. 2. Echanis, Erlinda S. & Rodriguez, Rafael A. (2001). Fundamentals of Management Text & Philippine Cases. Mandaluyong City: Diwata Publishing Inc. 3. Cabrera, HM, Altajeros,A DC, & Benjamin (2016). Organization and Management

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Answer Key: Activity I Possible Answers 1. Business Environment refers to the factors or elements affecting business organization. It divided into the External and Internal Business Environment. EXTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT includes the factors and elements outside the organization which may affect its performance, either positively or negatively. INTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT refers to the factors or elements within the organization which may also affect its performance, either positively or negatively. 2. The importance of business environment and its understanding by managers can be appreciated if we consider the following facts: a) It enables the firm to identify opportunities and getting the first mover advantage. b) It helps the firm to identify threats and early warning signals. c) It helps in tapping useful resources. d) It helps in coping with rapid changes. e) It helps in assisting in planning and policy formulation. f) It helps in improving performance. 3. Dimensions of, or the factors constituting the business environment include economic, social, technological, political and legal conditions which are considered relevant for decision-making and improving th performance of an enterprise. Activity II Answer may vary Activity III 1. S 2. S 3. S 4. S 5. P 6. P Activity IV 1. Strength 2. Weaknesses 3. Opportunities 4. Threats 5. Environment

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Activity V Answer may vary STRENGTHS

WEAKNESSES

-The passion and commitment demonstrated by the business owners

-The lack of funding to purchase additional IT equipment to reach new markets

-Competent and experienced personnel -The strong thriving entrepreneurial spirit of the business owner

-The lack of capacity to meet a wider market

OPPORTUNITIES

THREATS

-The possible support from the internet users

-The existing numbers of competitors

Activity VI POLITICAL

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

Liberalization Rising customer Preference of the economic people Income policies Increase aspiration levels

TECHNOLOGICAL of Better products

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LEGAL

quality Direct investment among retailing sectors

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ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Name of Learner: _____________________________________ Grade: ______________ Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Forms and Economic Roles of Business Organizations Background Information for Learners: Small and large businesses drive economic stability and growth by providing valuable services, products and taxes that directly contribute to the health of the community. They also provide jobs, strengthening the economic health of each community where a business is based. Even if a business is headquartered elsewhere, employing people at each local business contributes to the success of that region, as with the wages they earn, people buy property, work, shop and otherwise invest in where they live. Hence, success in business translates to the economic well-being of a company and its residents through job creation and offering improved quality of life for the country’s citizens. As business students, you need to be familiar to the forms of the business organizations which contribute a great impact on the economic development wherein you may choose the best business organization you wish to engaged with. This activity sheet is intended to assessed your deep understanding of the different forms of business organization and examine each economic roles in the community and to the world. Learning Competency: Analyze the forms and economic roles of business organizations (ABM_AOM11-Ic-d-7) Activity I. Fill Me Up!!! The matrix shows the characteristics of each forms of business organization. Directions: Fill-out the blank by giving the items needed in each column. You will be given 1 point in each correct answer. Items

Sole Proprietorship

Partnership

Corporation

Cooperatives

1. Number of possible owners

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2. Management (who manages the business 3. Termination of the business 4. Government agency assigned primarily to regulate 5. Transfer of ownership 6. Liability of Owners Activity II. Assessing Scenarios in Business Organization. This will test your ability to distinguish the different forms of business organization. Direction: Assess the following scenario and answer the questions following it. 1. Suppose you want to open your own sari-sari store that will need PHP10, 000 to start and you used your PHP10, 000 savings to start the said business. You are the sole owner of the said sarisari store. What form of business you are to engage with? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What if the needed amount to start your dream sari-sari store is PHP50, 000 and you only have

PHP25, 000 cash savings. You ask Juan, your friend if he is willing to invest his PHP25, 000 and become part owner of the sari-sari store. Assuming he agrees, what form of business organization was created? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

3. Assuming your dream is to open a grocery store and not just a sari-sari store but you will need PHP1, 000, 000 to start the said business. You have only PHP25, 000, your friend Juan has PHP25, 000, and your mother is willing to invest her PHP50, 000, but still these are not enough to start your dream grocery store. Where will you get the money to raise the PHP1 million? What form of business will you set up? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

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Activity III. Short answer question. Answer the following in 2-3 sentences. 1. What is the role of business in the market? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the role of business trade and commerce? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the role of business in product or service specialization? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the role of business in the economy? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Activity IV. Assess which among the forms of business organization is being describe from the following statements. Choose your answers from the choices below.

1. It has a few departments, centralized authority with a wide span of control, and with few formal rules and regulations. 2. This business organization group together those with similar or related specialized duties that introduce the concept of delegation of authorities to the managers. 3. Each division has its own functional organization and its own manager. 4. Immediate revenues or cost factors accounts their success or failure.

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Exercise V. Essay. 1. In your opinion, what is the difference between profit and non- profit business

organization? Which is easier to manage? Explain your answer. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. If you choose a business which will contribute to the development of economy, which among the business organization you wish to engage with: Single proprietorship, Partnership, Corporation, or Cooperative. Why? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Reflection: I realized that… ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ I resolved that… ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

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Rubrics for Scoring:

Rubrics for scoring Essay

Features Quality Writing

4

3

2

of Very Somewhat Give new informative and informative and information but well-organized organized poorly organized

1 Give no new information and very poorly organized

Ideas

Present ideas in Presents ideas Ideas are too Ideas are vague an original in a consistent general or unclear manner manner

Understanding

Writing shows Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows strong clear adequate little understanding understanding understanding understanding

Grammar

Virtually no spelling and grammatical errors

Few spelling and grammatical errors

A number of spelling and grammatical errors

So many spelling and grammatical errors

Reference for learners: 1. Iñigo, Conrado E. (2005). Management for Filipinos. Parañaque City: Nelson Publications. 2. Echanis, Erlinda S. & Rodriguez, Rafael A. (2001). Fundamentals of Management Text & Philippine Cases. Mandaluyong City: Diwata Publishing Inc. 3. Cabrera, HM, Altajeros,A DC, & Benjamin (2016). Organization and Management Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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Answer Key: Activity I ITEMS

Sole Proprietorship

Partnership

Corporation

Cooperatives

1. Number of possible owners

1

2 or more

At least 15

15 or more

2. Owner (but he Management may hire (who somebody) manages the business

Partners (or may hire managers)

Board of Directors and Operating Management

Board of Directors and Operating Management

3. Termination of the business

Death of the owner

Death of any partner or withdrawal of a partner

As stated in the Articles of Incorporation, not exceed 50 years

As stated in the Articles of Cooperative, not to exceed 50 years

4. Government agency assigned primarily to regulate

In limited capacity, DTI

In limited capacity, DTI

SEC

DA

5. Transfer of ownership

Sell the business (it’s new entity under a new owner)

Sell the business of interest of the partner (consent of other partner is necessary

Sell stocks

Cannot transfer nor sell its membership

6. Liability of Owners

Unlimited

Generally unlimited except for the limited partners who’s liability is limited only to the extent of his contribution

Limited to the stock investment of the shareholders

Limited to the capital contribution of the member

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Activity II 1. Single Proprietorship 2. Partnership 3. Corporation Activity III. Possible answer 1. Business organizations bring consumers and producers together to coordinate the exchange of resources. Both the buyer and seller must stand to gain from the trade or else the transaction will not occur. 2. Trade is what increases our standard of living. Instead of having to produce everything that you consume on your own, you are able to trade with others and obtain a higher quality of life 3. Businesses bring “specialized” people, equipment, and other resources together and coordinate the production of goods and services. 4. Business answers the four (4) economic problem which includes what to produce, when to produce, how much to produce and whom to produce. Activity IV 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Simple Functional Divisional Profit Non-profit Flexible

Activity V. Answers may vary

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ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Name of Learner: _____________________________________ Grade: ______________ Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Phases of Economic Development Background Information for Learners: Although material wealth accumulation is among the concerns of genuine economic development, its greater concern is the total improvement of the quality of people’s lives. This in turn, is related to sustainable economic development issues in a country which greatly influences business management. Sustainable economic development ensures that the present needs of particular generation are fully met without endangering the ability of future generations to also fully meet their own needs. Hence, as future business managers you must be conscious of your own decisions for in maintaining the ecological elements in its safe state. This learning activity will teach you how differentiate the phases of economic development and learn its impact to business environment. Learning Competency: Differentiate the phases of economic development and its impact to business environment (ABM_AOM11-Ic-d-8) Activity I. Jumbled Letters with one Word. This will test your ability to distinguish the kinds of economic system. Directions: Identify what word that the following statements convey. As a clue, find the oneword answer from the jumbled letters. Note: Not all the letters are included in your answer. 1. Privately owned capital, and property rights are privately invested with the ultimate aim of personal gain. MIMPITTAALASC. 2. The ownership of production and capital by the government and the regulation by society as a whole, of the process of production and distribution, and of the giving of essential services. LIMSSCCIIOA. 3. The collective ownership by the government of consumption goods and production goods. CMMUNNOCIMS. .

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Activity II. Multiple Choice. This will help you understand deeper the criteria in classifying phases of economic development. Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer on the questions below. 1. All of the following are criterion in classifying phases of Economic development, choose which least likely to be included. a) Means of Livelihood b) Medium of Exchange c) Status of family Income d) Extent of Economic Activity Choices for numbers 2-6 a) Agricultural Phase

d) Industrial Phase

b) Hunting & Fishing Phase

e) Pastoral Phase

c) Handicraft Phase

f.) Continental Phase

2. Which among the following is the period when machineries were used in factories and industrial plants. 3. This phase made it necessary for man to satisfy the needs of his group during seasons of inclement weather and realization of greater need for planning, saving and setting aside of stocks. 4. This was the period of medieval guilds. 5. This is the phase when our ancestors did not breed for domesticate animals. 6. This was the phase where man’s need for a continuous food supply led the concept of land ownership and man began to work as farmer and fisherman. 7. Ascertain which among the following is least likely to be an economic activity? a) Household Economy b) Village Economy c) National Economy d) Money Economy 8. It is a medium of exchange wherein money was not used, instead, commodity is offered. a) Barter b) Credit c) Transfer d) Exchange

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9. It is the power of obtain economic goods and services in exchange for the promise to pay the agreed equivalent at some future time. a) Barter b) Credit c) Transfer d) Exchange 10. which of the following is least likely to be a medium of exchange? a) Barter b) Credit c) Transfer d) Exchange

Activity III. Script Writing. Write a script portraying the different phases of economic development as to extent of economic activity. Imagine that you will perform this script for 7-10 minutes. (Use Separate Sheet)

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Activity IV Compare and contrast the phases of economic development base on the medium of exchange used using VENN Diagram.

Activity V. Essay. Explain the means of livelihood in the economic development and its great impact in business environment. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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Reflection: Complete these statements: I realized that ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ I resolved that ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Rubrics for Scoring: Scoring Rubrics Features

4

3

2

Quality of Writing

Very informative and well-organized

Somewhat informative and organized

Gives new Gives no new information but information and poorly organized poorly organized

Ideas

Presents original Presents ideas in and organized a consistent ideas manner

Ideas are too general

Ideas are vague or unclear

Understanding

Writing shows strong understanding

Writing shows a clear understanding

Writing shows adequate understanding

Writing shows little understanding

Grammar

Virtually no spelling and grammatical errors

Few spelling A number of and grammatical spelling and errors grammatical errors

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

1

So many spelling and grammatical errors

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Reference for learners: 1. Iñigo, Conrado E. (2005). Management for Filipinos. Parañaque City: Nelson Publications. 2. Echanis, Erlinda S. & Rodriguez, Rafael A. (2001). Fundamentals of Management Text & Philippine Cases. Mandaluyong City: Diwata Publishing Inc. 3. Cabrera, HM, Altajeros,A DC, & Benjamin (2016). Organization and Management Answer Key: Activity I 1. 2. 3.

Capitalism Socialism Communism

Activity II 1. C 2. D 3. E 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D Activity III. Answer may vary Activity IV. Answer may vary Activity V. Answer may vary

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ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Name of Learner: _____________________________________ Grade: ______________ Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Nature, Levels and Types of Planning Background Information for Learners Planning is the most basic of all managerial functions. It is the process by which managers establish goals and define the methods by which these goals are to be attained. It requires decision making, which is choosing among alternative future courses of action. It may also be treated as a process of thinking before doing. Management has to plan by looking ahead into the future, by estimating and evaluating the future behavior of the relevant environment and by determining the enterprise's own desired role. Plans have two (2) basic components: goals and action statements. Goals represent an end state – the targets and results that managers hope to achieve. Action statements represent the means by which an organization goes ahead to attain its goals. The nature of planning can be understood by examining its four (4) major aspects: • • • •

Every plan and all its support should contribute to the achievement of the organization’s purpose and objectives through willing and purposeful co-operation. Planning comes first before execution of all other managerial functions as it involves establishing the objectives necessary for all group efforts. Planning is a unique and universal function of all managers. Plans are efficient if they achieve their objective at a reasonable cost, when such a cost is measured not only in terms of time, money, or production, but also in terms of satisfaction of the individual or group. TYPES OF PLANS

1. Strategic Plan – This is a high-level overview of the entire business, its vision, objectives, and value. This plan is the foundational basis of the organization and will dictate decisions in the longterm. The scope of the plan can be two (2), three (3), five (5), or even 10 years. The strategic plan must be forward-looking, robust but flexible, with a keen focus on accommodating future growth. The components of a strategic plan are: • Vision – Where does the organization want to be five years from now? How does it want to influence the world?

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• •

Mission – The mission statement is a more realistic overview of the company’s aim and ambitions. Why does the company exist? What does it aim to achieve through its existence? Values –These values will guide managers and influence the kind of employees you hire.

Example:

VISION

To refresh the world. To inspire moments of optimism and happiness. To create value and make a difference.

MISSION

Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities. Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities. Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy people's desires and needs. Leadership: The courage to shape a better future Collaboration: Leverage collective genius Integrity: Be real Accountability: If it is to be, it's up to me Passion: Committed in heart and mind Diversity: As inclusive as our brands Quality: What we do, we do well

VALUES UPHOLD

2. Tactical Plan – A tactical plan answers "how do we achieve our strategic plan?" It breaks down the broader mission statements into smaller, actionable chunks. Creating tactical plans is usually handled by mid-level managers. There are some components shared by most tactical plans: Specific Goals with Fixed Deadlines The tactical plan will break down the broad ambition into smaller, actionable goals. The goal should be highly specific and have fixed deadlines. Budgets This should include the budget for hiring personnel, marketing, sourcing, manufacturing, and running the day-to-day operations of the company. Resources The tactical plan should list all the resources you can gather to achieve the organization’s aims. This should include human resources, IP, cash resources, etc. Marketing, Funding, etc. Finally, the tactical plan should list the organization’s immediate market ing, sourcing, funding, manufacturing, retailing, and PR strategy.

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Example:

Specific deadline

goals

with

Budget (estimated amount) Marketing and funding

1. Provide training for managers and supervisors. Deadline: July-August, 2020 2. Conduct job fairs at local schools. Deadline: AprilJune, 2021 3. ₱150,000.00 4. Promote through Social Media and tarpaulins. Online Fundraising, T-shirt fundraising, Promos.

3. Operational Plan – This plan describes the day-to-day running of the company. The

operational plan is created to achieve the tactical goals within a realistic timeframe and the responsibility of low-level managers and supervisors. This plan is highly specific with an emphasis on short-term objectives. Examples of operational goals: “Process 150 sales applications each week”, “Publish 20 books this quarter”, “Increase sales to 150 units/day” “Hire 50 new employees” •

Operational plans can be either single use, or ongoing, as described below: Single Use Plans – These plans are created for events/activities with a single occurrence. This can be a one-time sales program, a marketing campaign, a recruitment drive, etc. Single use plans tend to be highly specific. Ongoing Plans – These plans can be used in multiple settings on an ongoing basis. Ongoing plans can be of different types, such as: Policy – A policy is a general document that dictates how managers should approach a problem. It influences decision making at the micro level. Specific plans on hiring employees, terminating contractors, etc. are examples of policies. Example: “All servers and crews must be at least 18 years old.” “Zero-tolerance” for harassment.” “Observe proper dress code.” Rules – Rules are specific regulations according to which an organization functions. The rules are meant to be hard coded and should be enforced stringently. Example: “No smoking within premises”, or “Employees must report by 9 a.m.” Procedure – A procedure describes a step-by-step process to accomplish a particular objective. Example: Detailed guidelines on hiring employees (screening, interview, assessment, background check, medical, decision)

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LEARNING COMPETENCY

Discuss the nature and levels of planning and types of plans. (ABM_AOM11-Ie-g-10-11) ACTIVITY 1 DIRECTIONS: Identify the word being asked in each item, afterwards, locate the word from the grid below by using straight lines. Avoid erasures. Good luck and enjoy learning! 1. A_ _ E_N_TI_E – one of the courses of action that can be chosen. 2. EF_E_ _IV_ – successful in achieving a desired or intended result. 3. _FF_CI_ _T – achieving objectives at a reasonable cost. 4. F_U_ _AT_ _N – an underlying basis. 5. _UN_ _I_N – the purpose of a person or thing in a plan. 6. _U_UR_ – events that will likely to happen in time to come. 7. G_ _ _ – an aim, desired result. 8. _AN_GE_ – an individual who assumes responsibility for the work of his team.

9. O_ _E_TI_ _ – is something you are trying to achieve. 10. _ _ G_ _I_ATI_ _ – a collection of people working together for a common purpose. 11. _ _A_N_ _G – the process of deciding how to do something before you start to do it. 12. _TR_N_T_ – qualities and abilities that people have which are an advantage to them. 13. T_ _G_T – direct toward a specific object. 14. _N_V_R_A_ – applicable in all cases. 15. W_A_N_S_ – an inadequate or defective quality.

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DIRECTIONS: Arrange the following sentences in the boxes below following the steps in the planning process. • • • • •

Write the appropriate sentence in each box. Anticipate future events and identify the things that may help or hinder progress toward your goals. Define your goals or by identifying desired outcomes in very specific ways. Determine where you stand in relation to set goals; know your strengths and weaknesses. Implement the plan and evaluate results; take corrective action and revised plans needed. Analyze and choose among action alternatives; list and carefully evaluate possible actions and choose the alternative most likely to accomplish goals.

2

1

4

3

5

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ACTIVITY 3

DIRECTIONS: Determine the plan of your school for the next five years by interviewing any personnel from the Administrative department (through online or call/text in observance of the proper health protocol) then answer the activity below. Avoid erasures.

I. STRATEGIC PLAN Directions: Write down the vision, mission, and values to be upheld by your school for the next five (5) years.

Vision

Mission

Values Uphold (Core Values)

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I. TACTICAL PLAN Directions: Based on the answers on strategic plan, write down the specific goals with deadlines, budgets, resources, marketing, and funding of your school for the next five (5) years. Answer briefly.

Specific goals with deadline

Budget (estimated amount)

Resources

Marketing and funding

II. OPERATIONAL PLAN Directions: Write down the policies, rules, and procedures of your school for the next five (5) years.

Policies

Rules

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Procedures

ACTIVITY 4

GUIDE QUESTIONS: 1. How would you describe strategic, tactical and operational plans?

2. What is the importance of each plan in an organization? _______________________________________________________________________

RUBRICS FOR SCORING ACTIVITY 3: CRITERIA Orderliness The procedure followed carefully. Accuracy The information in the chart are CORRECT. Neatness The output is neat and legible. Creativeness The output is presentable and has an impact to the evaluator. Originality and Precision The content of the output is correct and it was not copied from other outputs.

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SCORE 5

4

3

2

1

5

4

3

2

1

5

4

3

2

1

5

4

3

2

1

5

4

3

2

1

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REFLECTION: The things I have learned… __________________________________________________________________

The things I want to learn more about… __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

REFERENCES FOR LEARNERS: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Organization and Management; Cabrera, Helena Ma F, et al.Vibal Group, Inc. https://businessmgtblog.wordpress.com/2017/08/13/242/ http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildWordSearch.asp https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/principles-ofmanagement/organizational- planning 5. https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/organisation-departments-in-a-business 6. https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-planning-strategic-tacticaloperational- contingency-planning.html 7. https://digitalambition.co/marketing-activities/ 8. https://worksheets.theteacherscorner.net/make-your-own/crossword/ 9. https://onstrategyhq.com/wpcontent/uploads/AcmeCorporation.fullstrategicplan 10. Hanks, Gerald. (2016) Differentiation and Integration in Organization Development; http://smallbusiness.chron.com/differentiation-integrationorganization-development- 70838.html 11. http://secteam.com/2017/08/01/forecasting-planning-tool-common-issuesavoid 12. https://www.slideshare.net/bryanarreo/depeds-new-vision-mission-andcore-values 13. www.dictionary.com 14. https://www.restobiz.ca/five-policies-you-need-to-enforce-with-yourrestaurant- employees 15. https://www.coca-colacompany.com/company/purpose-and-vision

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ANSWER KEY: ACTIVITY 1:

1. ALTERNATIVE 2. EFFECTIVE 3. EFFICIENT 4. FOUNDATION 5. FUNCTION 6. FUTURE 7. GOAL 8. MANAGER 9. OBJECTIVE 10. ORGANIZATION 11. PLANNING 12. STRENGTH 13. TARGET 14. UNIVERSAL 15. WEAKNESS

Scoring: 1 point for the correct term and 1 point for the correct location on the grid. ACTIVITY 2: 1. Define your goals or by identifying desired outcomes in very specific ways 2. Determine where you stand in relation to set goals; know your strengths and weaknesses. 3. Anticipate future events and identify the things that may help or hinder progress toward your goals. 4. Implement the plan and evaluate results; take corrective action and revised plans needed. 5. Analyze and choose among action alternatives; list and carefully evaluate possible actions and choose the alternative most likely to accomplish goals.

ACTIVITY 3. ANSWERS MAY VARY ACTIVITY 4. ANSWERS MAY VARY

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ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Name of Learner: _____________________________________Grade: ______________ Section: _____________________________________________Date: ______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Planning Tools and Techniques

Background Information for Learners One of the basic but meticulous aspect of building and keeping a business is planning in decision making. Leaders of either big or small businesses are faced of making hundreds of decisions every day and every decision may break or make the business’ success. That’s why, planning before making a decision for the business requires rigid and careful attention. Before jumping into a decision for your business, leaders must identify first the problem, gather realistic information, identify alternatives, choosing among the alternatives and review the results. In doing so, there are different techniques that can be used by the leaders to help choose among the alternatives and come up with the best decision. Planning Tools and Techniques SWOT Analysis/SWOT Diagram ▪ SWOT acronym stands for Strength, Idashboard.com Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. ▪ The primary objective of SWOT analysis is for the leaders/managers to become aware of their environment and discover a strategy that highlights their strengths and opportunities and to overcome weaknesses and threats. ▪ To identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, you should be acquainted with the internal and external factors in a business enterprise. A.

Internal Factors 1.1 Financial resources (funding, investments opportunities, source of income) 1.2 Physical Resources (location, facilities, and equipment) 1.3 Human Resources (employees, volunteers and target market)

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External Factors External factors are typically things and situations that your company do not control. These are directly or indirectly linked to an Opportunity or a Threat to the company. They are as follows: 2.1 Market Trends (new products, technology advancements and a change in the people’s needs and interest) 2.2 Economic trends (local, national and international financial trends, fluctuations) 2.3 Relationship with suppliers and partners 2.4 Political, environmental and economic regulations 2.5 Other business enterprises that offer similar products and services Now that you are acquainted with the internal and external factors, you are now ready to plot your SWOT Diagram. In plotting your SWOT Diagram, consider the following guide questions: • • • •

Strengths: What does your business do best? What makes the business better than others? Weaknesses: What are the negative things your company can improve? Opportunities: What are the things that your business lack? What can you give more to your customers? Threats: Determine what challenges stand in the way of achieving your goals. Example: Mang Inasal is one of the biggest and known fast food restaurants in the Philippines. Let’s consider the profile of Mang Inasal in this diagram. After completing the diagram, let’s plan for a recommendation and strategies to leverage strengths and opportunities and to cope with the weaknesses and threats. Strengths • Easily available because of many branches • Food and ambiance cater to general Filipino taste and culture • Price range for every product is affordable • The company has merged with Jollibee Foods Corporation which is the largest food service network in the Philippines • Sufficient number of employees Opportunities • Growing interest for franchise in many regions of the Philippines • Possible franchise abroad

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Weaknesses • Delivery service is limited to locations • Not currently using food delivery app/technology • Food service is limited to Filipino classics

Threats • Rapid change of customer’s food preference (people seem to love international food like Samgyupsal, Milk Tea, Burger and Pasta)

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Recommendations: a. Open more job opportunities to small employees and entrepreneurs by opening franchise in rural areas. b. By doing so, delivery service may also be accessible to areas not reachable within the original routes. c. Opening a franchise abroad to promote Filipino food in the international setting just like Jollibee. d. Introduce a variation of products similar to the products craved by the many (like milk tea, pinoy version of samgyupsal) B. BENCHMARKING

It is a way of evaluating business performance by comparing them to similar performances in one or more sources. It is done by searching for the best practices among competitors and non-competitors that may lead to their superior performance. Example: One of the services offered in a fast food restaurant is their drive-thru service. Restaurant A also offers the same service however, there is a need to improve customers’ satisfaction. As drive-thru is supposed to be fast and accurate, it will study the drive-thru practices of the key competitors. So, the manager of the restaurant will send an employee as a costumer to gain direct experience and observe on the practices of the key competitor. After a close study of the competitors’ performance, they will attempt to adapt their services like improving the menu, the speaker boards and ordering approaches. C. CONTINGENCY PLANNING

Developing scenarios that allow managers determine in advance what their actions should be should a considered event actually occur. It is basically preparing for a plan B, in case Plan A doesn’t work. What should be included in the contingency plan? Here are the key elements to include: Element Scenarios

Description These are situations, conflicts that could possibly happen before or while the business is under operation.

Response

This is a brief description of the action or strategy that you will follow in response to the identified scenarios.

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Examples cyber-attacks, prolonged staff absences, IT malfunctions, loss of suppliers, serious power outages, or structural problems For IT malfunctions, come up with backup files both soft and hard copy

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Who to Inform

Key Responsibilities

Timeline

These are specific or group of people who needs to know about the situation. Define who's responsible for each element of the plan, who will be in charge at each stage, and what you expect them to accomplish. Indicates what should be done and when it should be done.

Employees, suppliers, customers, and the wider public, as appropriate. For IT malfunctions, the IT Head should be responsible for the soft copy of back up files and the Records Custodian should keep a hard copy. This could be as simple as, "Inform employees of the situation immediately."

(This format is based from Mindtools.com) Here is an example of a Contingency Plan with a minor possible business problem. Take note of how the scenario will be addressed in case it might happen in the business. SCENARIO

The only team member who is expert in your system programs suddenly filed an indefinite leave of absence.

RESPONSE

Assign other employees who are expert in ICT and ask them to take turns in studying the system through the manual and divide the work to themselves.

WHOM TO INFORM

Head of department

Team manager

KEY RESPONSIBILITIE S WHO? WHAT? Head of department

Team manager

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Oversee situation.

Identify the members of the team who are experts or advanced in ICT

TIMELINE

WHAT?

WHEN?

Alert head of department.

As soon as absence is confirmed.

Team manager and team members to be informed of situation and necessary actions.

As soon as possible.

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Team members

Identifie d team member s who are ICT experts

Adapt workload to take on additional tasks, and report challenges / concerns to manager.

Assess As soon as and possible. redistribu te workload according to organizati onal priorities.

(This template is based from Mindtools.com) Are you ready to apply what you have learned? Before moving on, let’s have a selfassessment.

Images from teacherspayteachers.com

Learning Competency with code Apply appropriate planning techniques and tools

ABM_AOM11-Ie-g-13

Exercise 1. SPOT THE SWOT Directions/Instructions: Let’s see if you can differentiate and name the following scenarios as Strength, Weakness, Opportunity or Threat. Write S on the blank if the statement is considered as Strength, W for Weakness, O for Opportunity and T for Threat. _____1. The employees have equally undergone trainings on their respective fields. _____2. The location of the restaurant is within the commercial center. _____3. The delivery service of Ninja Van takes usually longer than 5 days after the expected delivery dates. _____4. The location of your new hotel is 30 km away from the city. _____5. You have opened an internet café near a high school in your community and observed that aside from computer units, Xerox machine is also much needed by the students. _____6. Globe users are complaining because of slow internet connection and hidden charges. Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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____7. You have opened your panciteria and have been gaining costumers however, a new panciteria has opened near yours. ____8. You want to have a poultry and hog farm but the government policies require you to put your farm far away from the residences, and make sure to cure animal waste to prevent possible threat of sickness. ____9. The new restaurant in the city has gained costumers after a social media advertisement. ___10. Your thrift shop business has been closed for months now and can still remain close

Exercise 2. IT’S SWOTTIME! Directions: Choose one of the most successful or well-established business in your community or the nearest in your community. Then, come up with a recommendation or strategy by identifying the business’ strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats by filling out the SWOT Diagram. Make sure to align your recommendations from what you have listed.

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

Recommendations: _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

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Exercise 3. PLOT THE PLAN Directions: The template below is an incomplete Contingency Plan for the next school year. In the box that follows are the elements to complete the plan. To complete the plan, analyze the use of the elements in the box and plot it accordingly in the template. • An urgent need for online classes due to the restriction of face to face classroom instruction

• There is a need to train teachers on different modes of teaching especially on ICT platforms to deliver instruction

• ICT coordinators

• 1 month before opening of classes

• 2months before opening of classes

• To participate in the training and to be able to master at least 2 online platforms and also to come up with modules in their respective subjects

• To be able to train and assist the teachers in mastering online platforms for delivery of instruction

• Teachers

• To implement a crash course training on the use ICT platforms and modular sessions for teachers to ensure quality learning despite physical restrictions to students.

• the teachers to come up with modules in their respective subjects

Complete Me! (Choose your answer from the table above) SCENARIO

RESPONSE

WHOM TO INFORM

. School Head

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES WHO? WHAT? School Head

TIMELINE WHAT?

WHEN?

To gather teachers and trainers for the training

To share their expertise in the use of ICT in the delivery of instruction , to be able to Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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introduce online platforms and offer technical assistance to the teachers

While classes are on going

Exercise 4. WHAT IF NO MORE! Directions: Come up with a contingency plan for your imaginary business. Given the following conditions, plan on how you are going to manage future conflicts in your business. Use the template below. You may alter the number of columns depending on the number of people whom you think are necessarily involved in the mitigation of the conflict. Situation: You own a grocery shop in your community and you have one competitor. You offer almost the same products and you have the same supplier for some of the products you are selling in your shop. Supposed one of your suppliers have stopped production due to circumstances. How are you going to manage the situation? Plot your plan in the template below. SCENARIO

RESPONSE

WHOM TO INFORM

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES WHO? WHAT?

TIMELINE WHAT?

WHEN?

. One of your suppliers have stopped production and you have no back up

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supplier easily available.

Guide Question 1. What is the importance of using planning tools and techniques in making business decisions? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

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Rubric for scoring RUBRICS FOR SCORING EXERCISES 3, & 4 Score

Content

Development

4

Answer is appropriate to the question. Content is factually correct. Answer is appropriate to the question. Content may have one or two factual errors on facts presented. Content relates peripherally to the question; contains significant errors.

Develops each point with specific details. Answers question completely. Each point supported with some details and evidence. All important points are included.

3

2

1

Contents are unrelated to question.

Few details or evidence was presented and question only partially answered. Statements are unsupported by any detail or explanation. Repetitious, incoherent, illogical development.

Relevance and Validity Answers are factual and are related to each of the ideas presented. Answers are factual however some are irrelevant to each of the ideas presented.

Answers are factual, some are biased and some are not closely related to each of the ideas presented. Answers are biased and are not closely related to each of the ideas presented.

Reflection In this activity, I learned that… ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

References for learners https://www.idashboards.com/blog/2019/04/10/4-tools-strategies-for-enhanced-decision-making/ https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4245-swot-analysis.html https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_51.htm Organization and Management Q1- Learning Activity Sheet SDO-Cagayan

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Answer Key Exercise 1. SPOT THE SWOT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

S S W W O

6. W 7. T 8. T 9. S 10. T

Exercise 2. IT’S SWOTTIME! Note: If the students will choose a Jollibee branch near their community. **These are possible answers only. Students’ answers may vary. Recommendations: 1. Update the menu with healthier options and foods that promotes Filipino food. 2. Being an agricultural country, full integration in sourcing raw materials could be done. 3. The quality and quantity of the servings should be true to the advertisement. **These are possible answers only. Students’ answers may vary. Exercise 3. PLOT THE PLAN SCENARIO

. • An urgent need for online classes due to the restriction of face to face classroom instruction

RESPONSE

WHOM TO INFORM

• There is a School Head need to train teachers on different modes of teaching especially on ICT platforms to deliver instruction • ICT coordina tors

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES WHO? WHAT? School Head

• To implement a crash course training on the use ICT platforms and modular sessions for teachers

• ICT coordina To share their expertise in tors the use of ICT in the delivery of instruction, to be able to introduce

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TIMELINE WHAT? To gather teachers and trainers for the training

• To be able to train and assist the teachers in mastering online

WHEN?

2months before opening of classes

•1 month before openin g of classes

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online platforms and offer technical assistance to the teachers Teachers

Teachers

• To participate in the training and to be able to master at least 2 online platforms and also to come up with modules in their respective subjects

platforms for delivery of instructio n

the teachers to come up with modules in their respective subjects

While classes are on going

Exercise 4. WHAT IF NO MORE! SCENARI O

. One of your suppliers have stopped production and you have no back up supplier easily available.

RESPONSE

WHOM TO INFORM

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES WHO? WHAT? Owner

Look for alternative supplier as soon as possible

Costumers

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TIMELINE WHAT?

Inform the customers of To cope the delay of with the supplies and delay and directs them provide for customers alternatives; alternative mobilize other products staff to look for other suppliers

WHEN?

As soon as possible

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Staff Staff

To look for suppliers who offers the same product at the lower price or the same price with the previous

To look for suppliers who offers the same product at the lower price or the same price with the previous

As soon as possible

Other suppliers **These are possible answers. Answers may vary.

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ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Name of Learner: _____________________________________ Grade:_____________ Section: _____________________________________________ Date:______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Nature and Types of Organization Background Information for Learners Organizing involves assigning tasks, grouping tasks into departments, delegating authority and allocating resources across the organization. During the organizing process, mangers coordinate employees, resources, policies and procedures to facilitate the goals identified in the plan. •

Division of Labor involves assigning different tasks to different people in the organization’s different work units.

•

Specialization is the process in which different individuals and units perform different task. It is also the reference of dividing the labor based on the skills performed by their employees. Example: In a restaurant business, employees can be seen in the kitchen while preparing foods, some are taking orders, others are cleaning the dining area, and a manager assisting the whole team. While others are responsible for purchasing goods, some are doing financial matters and others are responsible for their research and advertisements. Their works are divided based on the skills of the members of the group. That is a concrete example of division of labor and specialization.

•

Integration is another process in the organization’s internal environment which involves the collaboration and coordination of its different work.

•

Coordination refers to the procedure that connect the work activities of the different work divisions/ units of the firm in order to achieve its overall goal. Works may be divided but they must all be coordinated with each other in order to meet its overall goals or objectives

➢ According to Priyali (2015), there are some common features of organization through which a clear idea about its nature can be obtained. These are:

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1. Process: Organizing is a process of defining, arranging and grouping the activities of an organization to attain its goals. 2. Structure: The organization structure consists of a series of relationships at all levels of authority with specific duties and responsibilities to be performed by the individuals involved. 3. Grouping the Activities: Activities of an organization are required to be distribution according to division of labor and specialization to have a commonness of purpose. 4. Accomplishment of Goals or Objectives: An organization structure has no meaning or purpose unless it has clear-cut goals to achieve. 5. Authority-Responsibility Relationship: An organization cannot serve the specific purposes or goals unless some positions will be placed above others and will be given authority to bind the organization by their decisions. 6. Human and Material Aspects: Organization deals with the human and material factors in business. Human element is the most important element in an organization. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES VERTICAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE – clears out issues related to authority rights, responsibilities, and reporting relationships. Authority rights refer to the legitimate rights of the individuals, appointed in position like President, Vice President, Manager, and the like, to give orders to their subordinates, who in turn, report to them what they have done. In short, Vertical organizations have a top-down management structure. The person at the top of the organization has the most power. Upper-level management issues orders and employees follow those orders without input or objection. HORIZONTAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE- refers to the departmentalization of an organization into smaller work units as tasks become increasingly varied and numerous. Horizontal organization have a flat structure that provides greater employee autonomy, which means there are very few managers and more authority is granted to rank- and-file employees. This system allows employees to feel empowered, because they can make important decisions without needing approval from a manager. Employees in a horizontal organization are also more collaborative because they can communicate freely with each other LINE STRUCTURE In a line organization, authority originates at the top and moves downward in a line. All managers perform line functions, which are functions that contribute directly to company profits. Examples of line functions include production, finance and marketing manager. Line organizations are common among small businesses.

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Figure

1:

Example

of Line Structure

Source: https://keydifferences.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/line-organization.jpg

Line and Staff Structure In mid-sized and large companies, line manages cannot perform all of the activities they need to perform to run their departments. In these companies, other employees are hired to help line managers do their jobs. These employees perform staff functions. Staff functions advise and support line functions. Staff departments include the legal department, the human resources department and the public relations department. These departments help the line departments do their jobs. They contribute only indirectly to corporate profits. Staff people are generally specialists in one field and their authority is normally limited to making recommendations to line managers.

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Figure 2: Example of Line and Staff Structure Source: https://keydifferences.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/line-and-staff.jpg

MATRIX STRUCTURE A matrix structure allows employees from different departments to come together temporarily to work on special project teams. The purpose of this kind of structure is to allow companies the flexibility to respond quickly to a customer need by creating a team of people who devote all of their time to a project. Once a team completes the project, the team mem bers return to their department or join a new project team. Designing a new aircraft uses matrix structure.

Figure 3: Example of Matrix Structure Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/obcourse weir/chapter/13-1-organizationalstructure/&ved=2ahUKEwiFxuaxsN3pAhW5L6YKHbe4A4EQFjADegQIBBAB&usg=AOv Vaw1mCyOoujyH9pk5SoSxZROr&cshid=15909032 68909

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TEAM STRUCTURE A team structure brings together people with different skills in order to meet with different skills in order to meet a particular objective. More and more companies are using the team structure. The team structure is very different from the traditional organizational structure. In the traditional structure, each level of management reports to a higher management level. In this kind of organization, senior managers need not approve decisions by lower-level managers. Instead, teams have the authority to make their own decisions. Each team tries to determine what the customer is looking for and develop strategies with which to meet those needs.

Figure 4: Example of Team Structure Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/obcourseweir/chapter/13 1-organizationalstructure/&ved=2ahUKEwiFxuaxsN3pAhW5L6YKHbe4A4EQFjADegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw1mCyOoujyH9pk5So SxZROr&cshid=1590903268909

Functional Approach- where the subdivisions are formed based on specialized activities such as marketing, production, financial management and human resources management. It is set up so that each portion of the Divisional Approach- where departments are formed based on management of their products, customers, or geographic areas covered. It is typically used in large companies that operate in wide geographic area having smaller Learning Competency with Code Analyze the nature of organizations and types of organization structures (ABM_AOM11-Ih-j-15, 16, 17, 18, & 19)

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ACTIVITY 1 DIRECTIONS: Identify whether the given characteristics describe a Vertical Organization Structure (VOR) or Horizontal Organization Structure (HOR). Classify your answer using a Venn diagram. Use the given example as your guide. GOODLUCK and ENJOY LEARNING! Item # 1 is given as an example:

VOR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. _____10.

The person at the top of the organization has the most power.

There is no rigid hierarchy in this structure. Each person is responsible for a specific area or duties. Employees feel empowered and motivated. It has a top down management structure Employees report direct to the person above them It has a less-defined chain of command. There is a well-chain of command in this organization Employees may work in team and everyone in team makes input. It has a flat structure

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ACTIVITY 2 DIRECTION / INSTRUCTION: In this activity, you need to complete the crossword puzzle correctly using the significant terms or concepts related to your prior reading. The clues are located below the puzzle. GOOD LUCK and enjoy learning!

DOWN 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. 9.

A structure referred as a “Top- down management” Subdivisions are formed based on specialization A flat structure; departmentalization of an organization into smaller work units It involves assigning different tasks to different people ( don’t include the space) A hybrid form of departmentalization A collection of independent organizations that work together in order to produce a product or service

ACROSS 5.

Departments based on management of their products, customers, or geographic areas covered. 7. Group of individuals contributing their efforts for the attainment of their objectives. 8. Involves the collaboration and coordination of its different work. 10. Different individuals/groups and units perform different task 11.

Procedure that connects the work activities of the different work divisions/ units

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ACTIVITY 3 If you are to create a business venture in the future, what would it be? Make an organizational chart of your business venture and discuss the roles of each of the positions included in your organizational chart BRIEFLY. (Read the rubrics for this activity as your guide)

Business Name: ___________________________________________

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RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 3 CRITERIA Orderliness The procedure was followed carefully. Accuracy The information in the chart are ALL CORRECT. Neatness The output is neat and legible. Creativeness The output is presentable and has an impact to the evaluator. Originality and Precision The content of the output is correct and it was not copied from other outputs.

SCORE 5

4

3

2

1

5

4

3

2

1

5

4

3

2

1

5

4

3

2

1

5

4

3

2

1

Reflection Answer the question: What have you learned about the nature of organizations and types of organization structures?

References Lumen Learning. "Organizing | Introduction to Business [Deprecated]." Lumen Learning – Simple Book Production. Accessed May 31, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopenintrobusiness/chapter/organizing/. Rue, Leslie, and Lloyd Byars. "Organizational Structure." In Business Management: Real-World Applications and Connections. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2000. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://pvkketcho.pbworks.com/f/Chapter13 _Org_Structure.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjx6YnL293pAhWJ7WEKHT12D_cQFjAEegQIBBAB&usg=AOv Vaw0mZdJTDUiBLDBHpWk3NktS. Sharma, Priyali. "Organisation: Concept, Nature, Importance and Benefits." Your Article Library. Last modified December 19, 2015. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/organization/organisationconcept-nature-importance-and-benefits/70058

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ANSWER KEY ACTIVITY 1 ORGANIZE YOUR IDEAS VOR 1.

The person at the top of the organization has the most power.

HOR2. VOR3. HOR4. VOR 5. VOR 6. HOR 7. VOR 8. HOR 9. HOR 10.

There is no rigid hierarchy in this structure. Each person is responsible for a specific area or duties. Employees feel empowered and motivated. It has a top down management structure Employees report direct to the person above them It has a less-defined chain of command. There is a well-chain of command in this organization Employees may work in team and everyone in team makes input. It has a flat structure.

VENN DIAGRAM: ANSWERS MAY VARY ACTIVITY 2

ACTIVITY 3 ANSWERS MAY VARY Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT Name of Learner: _____________________________________ Grade: ______________ Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Organizational Theories and Applications Background Information for Learners There are two (2) main classifications of theories regarding organizational design: the traditional and modern. • TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN pertains to the usual or old-fashioned

ways. This includes the following: Simple organizational design has few departments, wide spans of control over a big number of subordinates directly reporting to a manger; has a centralized authority figure and has very little formalization of work; usually used by companies that start out as entrepreneurial ventures.

Functional organizational design group together similar or related specialties, it is, generally, functional departmentalization utilized and put into practice in entire organization. For example, a marketing firm that markets cars and related products like tires, car batteries, and accessories.

Divisional organizational design is made up of separate business divisions or units, where the patent corporation acts as oversee to coordinate and control the different divisions and provide financial and legal support services.

MODERN ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGNS refer to contemporary or new design theories which includes the following: Team organizational design which is made up of work groups or teams. Matrix- project organizational design which refers to an organization where specialists from different departments work on projects that are supervised by a project manager. This design results in a double chain of command wherein workers have two (2) managers: the functional area manager and the project manager – who share authority over them. Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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Boundary-less organizational design is another design where the design is not defined or limited by vertical, horizontal and external. Learning Competency Apply Organization Theories for effective business management ABM_AOM11-Ie-g-13 & 14

ACTIVITY 1 DIRECTION / INSTRUCTION: In this activity, you will look for 10 significant terms related to Organization Theories and Application. Find all the terms, encircle them and get a perfect score. GOODLUCK and ENJOY LEARNING!

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ACTIVITY 2: DIRECTIONS / INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the table below by searching information about the different organization theories and application. Use any reference such as books or information online.

Traditional Organization Design

STRENGTHS

WEAKNESSES

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

SIMPLE

FUNCTIONAL

DIVISIONAL

Modern Organization Design

TEAM

MATRIX-PROJECT

BOUNDARY LESS

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ACTIVITY 3 DIRECTION / INSTRUCTION: Name the given organizational designs correctly. Write your answers on the space provided below the charts. Guessing is not enough to find the answer. Analyze the chart to get it correctly. GOOD LUCK and ENJOY LEARNING!

1. TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGNS

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2.

MODERN ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN

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ACTIVITY 4

Directions: Time to reflect from what you have learned. Answer each question briefly. Explain your answer with at least three (3) sentences. You will be guided by the rubrics. GOOD LUCK AND ENJOY LEARNING! 1. If you are a business owner of a company, which of the different organizational designs you think will bring success in your business? Why?

2. Is it possible to have two or more organizational design in one business? -if yes, what will be the advantage of using many organizational designs? - if no, why do we need to use only one organizational design?

RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 4 CRITERIA The content and idea are CORRECT and the response directly answers the question.

Score

MOST of the content and idea is CORRECT and the response relatively answers the question. FEW content and idea are CORRECT and the response to the question is not clear.

4

ALMOST all of the content and idea is NOT CORRECT and the response to the question is not clear. NO CORRECT information at all.

2

5

3

1

REFLECTION: I have learned in this activity __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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REFERENCES FOR LEARNERS: 1. Organization and Management; Cabrera, Helena Ma F, et al.Vibal Group, Inc. 2. https://businessmgtblog.wordpress.com/2017/08/13/242/ 3. https://medium.com/@drkathleenallen/trees-pyramids-and-organizational-charts23a3d601fc57 4. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-introbusiness/chapter/organizing/ 5. http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildWordSearch.asp 6. https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/organisation-departments-in-a-business 7. https://digitalambition.co/marketing-activities/ 8. https://worksheets.theteacherscorner.net/make-your-own/crossword/ 9. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/difference-between-vertical-horizontal-businessorganizations-24915.html 10. Sample organizational chart; heroictechwriting.com Sample Horizontal structure; www.slideshare.net 11. Functional structure, matrix structure; www.buzzle.com 12. Sample divisional structure, www.dougsguide.com 13. Divisional Organizational design, www.businessstudynotes.com 14. Simple Organizational Design; www.businessmate.org 15. Functional Organizational Design; www.slideshare.net 16. Matrix Organizational design; 2012books.lardbucket.org Boundaryless Organizational Design; od-change.wikispaces.com 17. Hanks, Gerald. (2016) Differentiation and Integration in Organization Development; http://smallbusiness.chron.com/differentiation-integration-organization-development70838.html 18. Types of Organization; http://small business.chron.com/different-typesorganizational-structure-723.html

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ANSWER KEY: ACTIVITY 1. WORD HUNT!

(IN ANY ORDER)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

THEORIES APPLICATION TRADITIONAL SIMPLE FUNCTIONAL

6. DIVISIONAL 7. MODERN 8. TEAM DESIGN 9. MATRIX - PROJECT 10. BOUNDARY-LESS

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ACTIVITY 2. HUNT IDEAS! Traditional Organization Design

SIMPLE

FUNCTIONAL

DIVISIONAL

Modern Organization Design

TEAM

MATRIX PROJECT

BOUNDARY LESS

STRENGTHS

WEAKNESSES

-Flexible -Fast decision making and results -Clear accountability

-Risk that overdependence with over-dependence on a single person -no longer appropriate as the company grows

-cost saving advantages -management is facilitated because workers with similar tasks are grouped together

-managers have little knowledge of others units’ functions

-focused on results -managers are responsible for what happens to their products and services

-possible duplication of activities and resources -increased cost and reduced efficiency

ADVANTAGES -Empowerment of team members and reduced barriers among functional areas

DISADVANTAGES -it has a clear chain of command and great pressure on teams to perform.

-specialist are involved in the project -flexible designs and fast decision-making

-task and personality conflicts -complexity of assigning people to projects and tasks and personality conflicts.

-Highly flexible and responsive

-Lack of control and problems in communication

ACTIVITY 3. 1.SIMPLE 2. FUNCTIONAL 3. DIVISIONAL 4. TEAM 5. MATRIX 6. BOUNDARYLESS ACTIVITY 4. ANSWERS MAY VARY

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