Ospf Myanmar

Only For Educational Purpose, Not For Commercial

OSPF Routing Protocol Tutorial

Kyaw Swa Lin

1

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Routing Protocol, Routed Protocol and Routable Protocol 1.2 Routing protocol 1.3 Routed protocol and Rouable protocol 1.4 Interior gateway routing protocol (IGP) and Exterior gateway routing protocol (EGP) 1.5 Autonomous System (AS) 1.6 OSPF Operation 2. OSPF Neighbor Relationship 2.1 Router-ID (RID) 2.2 OSPF Aadjacency 2.3 OSPF 2-way State 2.4 Choosing a Designated Router 2.5 OSPF Network Types 2.6 DR, BDR Election 2.7 OSPF Database Exchange Process 2.8 OSPF Link-state Packets (LSP) 2.9 Meeting Neighbors 3. OSPF Tables 3.1 Neighbor Table 3.2 Topology Table (LSDB) 3.2.1 OSPF Cost 3.3 Routing Table 4. Link-State Advertisements (LSAs) 4.1 Router LSA (Type 1 LSA) 4.2 Network LSA (Type 2 LSA) 4.3 Summary LSAs for ABRs (Type 3 LSA) 4.4 Summary LSA for ASBRs (Type 4 LSA) 4.5 Autonomous System External LSAs (Type 5 LSA) 4.5.1 Two External Metrics Types 4.6 Group Membership LSA (Type 6 LSA) 4.7 NSSA external LSA (Type 7 LSA) 4.8 BGP LSA or Link LSA (Type 8) 4.9 Opaque LSAs (Type 9, 10, 11 LSAs) 5. OSPF Areas 6. OSPF Routers and Routes 7. OSPF Area Types 7.1 Backbone Area (Area 0) 7.2 Standard Area 7.3 Stub Area 7.4 Totally Stubby Area 7.5 Not-So-Stubby-Area (NSSA) 8. Administrative Distance 9. OSPFv2 Authentication 10. OSPF Load Balancing 11. OSPF Default Routes 12. OSPF Configuration in Single Area 12.1 OSPF Process ID 12.2 OSPF Network Command 12.3 Wildcard Mask 13. OSPF Configuration in Multi-Area 14. Troubleshooting OSPFv2 routing protocol 14.1 Interface Troubleshooting 14.2 Area Troubleshooting 14.3 Neighbor Troubleshooting

2

14.4 Other issuees 15. OSPF Multiple Area Types Configuration 15.1 Configuration 15.2 Verification 16. OSPFv3 (OSPF Version 3) 16.1 OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 16.2 OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 Configuration 16.3 OSPFv2 network subcommand 16.4 OSPFv3 Router-id 16.5 Configuring Single-Area OSPFv3 16.6 Sample OSPFv3 Configuration Steps 16.7 OSPFv3 Configuration Checking 16.8 OSPFv3 Passive Interfaces 17. References

Typical OSPF Network Topologys

3

OSPF ROUTING PROTOCOL TUTORIAL

1. INTRODUCTION Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routi

Interior Gatewa OSPF

open source (non-proprietary) public routing protocol

OSPF protocol

Interior G Autonomous OSPF

OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, route E

BGP protocol

1.1 Routing Protocol, Routed Protocol and Routable Protocol Router

 Connected route  Static route  Dynamic route routing protocol, routed protocol

r

routable protocol

1.2 Routing protocol R

algorithm exchange Router routing protocol

1.3 Routed protocol and Rouable protocol Router

RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP

4 r routing protocol (RIP, EIGRP, OSPF

forwarding (routing)

(၂)

1.4 Interior gateway routing protocol (IGP) and Exterior gateway routing protocol (EGP) Interior gateway routing protocol (IGP)

Exterior gateway routing protocol (EGP)

IGP

OSPF, EIGRP, RIP

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

EGP

inter enterprise company (၂)

( )

Figure 1.1 Multiple Autonomous Systems connected by BGP protocol

1.5 Autonomous System (AS) Autonomous System (AS)

School, University, Companies, Government Ministries, Internet

Service Provider (ISP) ASN

AS N

AS N

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) IANA (http://www.iana.org)

Public IP Address

5 Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) American Registry for Internet Number (ARIN) IP

Asia Pacific Network Information Centre

distribution and registration

(APNIC)

Figure 1.2 Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)

1.6 OSPF Operation OSPF protocol

link s

OSPF

net

topology change link

link change

detect

(Router or multilayer switch

device

create

Area

multicast addresses (224.0.0.5 for IPv4 or FF02::5 for

IPv6)

OSPF Router LSDB

update

Router Router

LSA

LSA Area

LSA LSDB (Link-State Databa link-state

topology tabl OSPF

LSDB (Topology T LSDB

6

Figure 1.3 Flooding Link state Advertisement (LSA) Router

OSPF LSDB

Router

OSPF

Router

2. OSPF Neighbor Relationship 2.1 Router-ID (RID) OSPF Router

neighbor relati

OSPF Router

OSPF Router

hip

router-id

router-id

Router OSPF

Router

neighbor establi Hello Router

router-id

OSPF Router

router-id

loopback OSPF Router

(Step 1)

Hello

OSPF Router

IP Address router-id router-id

(Step 2)

IP Address IP Address IP Address

router-id Router

router-id

7 (Step 3)

Router

Router Router

physical inte

interface (shutdow

router-id

(Step 4)

IP Address router-id OSPF Router

router-id

physical interfa h

loopback R1 Router

router-id

+ Loopback 0: 10.0.0.1 + Loopback 1: 12.0.0.1 + Fa0/0: 192.168.1.1 + Fa0/1: 200.200.200.1 IP Address OSPF

router-id

IP Address

router-id

Figure 1.4 Choosing router-id R2 Router

loopb + Fa0/0: 210.0.0.1 but it is shut down

8 + Fa0/1: 192.168.1.2 (is active) router-id

Fa0/0 interface

router-id

IP Address IP Address

Figure 1.5 Choosing router-id

OSPF

router

router-id

OSPF

command

Router (config-router) #router-id 10.1.1.1

manually assi

router-id

9

2.3 OSPF 2-way State

Figure 1.6 2-way state or early neighbor states

Down —

dead

Attempt —

Hello

Router

neighbor command

a

Init — -

2-way state or

bidirecti

2-way —

-

-

neighbor -

10 -

n DR,

BDR

-

Full St ExStart > Exchange > Loading > Full State

-

Table 1.0 Difference between 2-way and Full States

-

2.4 Choosing a Designated Router OSPF Router

Link-State Database (LSDB) OSPF OSPF

data-

Router (config-if) #ip ospf network type command

Router

configure

2.5 OSPF Network Types OSPF

Network Type

Network type (OSPF

( )

11

 Point-to-point  Point-to-multipoint  Broadcast  Non-Broadcast(NBMA)

Point-to-Point networks —

- -

- -

Router

Router Router

- -

DR, BDR

Figure 1.7 Point-To-Point Network

Broadcast networks —

Token Ring, FDDI network

Broadcast

Broadcast

dev

packet

OSPF Hello DR,

DR, BDR

Router

multicast addr DRO

multicast addre Router

LSA mult

Figure 1.8 BroadcastNetwork

NBMA networks (non-Broadcast) —

X Broadcast

Router

unicast , broadcast DR,

Router BDR

network

OSPF unica

OSPF

Hub and S

12 DR, BDR

Router

Router

Hub

Router

Figure 1.9 NBMA Network (Non-Broadcast)

Point-to-Multipoint Network — stat

Router DR, BDR

Figure 2.0 Point-To-Multipoint Network

2.6 DR, BDR Election Point-to-point

point-to-multipoint

DR, BDR

neighbo

topology information (LSDB

Broadcast NBMA neighboring Router Router

topology information Hello

DR, BDR ld (၂)

(criteria)

Router

13 

OSPF

Router Router ၂



router-id

Router

Router ၂



Router Router Router





DR,

DR,

DR, BDR DR, BDR



DR

Router

Router

Router DR Router

DR Router

Figure 2.1 DR, BDR Election

Figure 2.2 Database exchange to and from the DR on and Ethernet network -

2.7 OSPF Database Exchange Process -

DR,

Broadcast ( )

ExStart, Exchange,

Full state 

ExStart — Router Router

DD

master/ s DD

router-id

14 

Exchange —

Router



Loading —

Router

DD link-state information (missing or outdated LSA)

(link-state request LSR packet) Router

Link-State Update (LSU) p

Router

Request<->Update<->Ack



Full —

OSPF

OSPF Router

fully adjacent

-state information Router

Figure 2.3 OSPF Database Exchange Process

2.2 OSPF Aadjacency

၂

၂ 2Broadcast

-

-To-Multipoi

15

Hello

pac

Figure 2.4 DR and BDR Election and Operation

Full state or fully adjacent (adja

-

Figure 1.1 Showing OSPF Neighbor Table

16 2-way sta

2.8 OSPF Link-state Packets (LSP) OSPF

-



Hello Packet



Database Description (DBD or DD)



Link-State Request (LSR)



Link-State Update (LSU)



Link-State Acknowledgement (LSAck)

Hello Packet —

OSPF Router

ighbor) establish and maintain

OSPF network (Ethe

Hello

Multiaccess

network

Figure 2.5 OSPF Hello packet

Database Description (DBD or DD) —

LSDB (Link-State Database or Topology Table)

database packet (contents of LSDB or - state

OSPF Router -

Router

Router

LSDB

LSDB

Link-State Request (LSR) —

Router

link state infromation

Hello

Router link-state reques

Link-State Update (LSU) — Router

Router

-

17

Link-State Acknowledgement (LSAck) —

Router (LSR Router

route information

2.9 Meeting Neighbors  

OSPF link-stat OSPF Router



router-id

Hello

OSPF Router



-

Broadcast



-

Full State (fully adjacent state)

-

database exc 

Router full adjacency relationship or Full state

Router

router-id

Router

 Router

Router

router-id

OSPF on

Hello OSPF

Router

Hello

R

Figure 2.6 Sending Hello packet from R1 Hello

R

Hello mess

OSPF Router OSPF Router Hello

OSPF Router Router

Router

Hello Router

Hello Router

Hello pa Router

Router

18 requirement

parameter

1. Subnet mask used on the subnet 2. Subnet number 3. Hello interval 4. Dead interval 5. OSPF Area ID 6. Must pass authentication checks (if used) 7. Value of the stub Area flag neighbor adjacency

2way state

parameter ( )

1. Subnet mask used on the subnet — OSPF Router ၂ 2. Subnet number — OSPF Router ၂ 3. Hello interval — OSPF Router

Hello packet OSPF Router

Hello pac

non-Broadcast

4. Dead interval —

-

-

ou

(Hello mess

)

―Down‖

reconvergence

(neighbor table, topology table-LSDB

5. OSPF Area ID —

5. OSPF Areas

6. Must pass authentication checks — configure

9. OSPFv2 Authentication 7. Value of the stub Area flag — error

19

7. OSPF Area Types (*

Figure 2.7 Sending Hello packet from R2

Router 2OSPF

DR,

Broadcast - -

dr,

DD

exstart, exchange, loading, database exchange

OSPF Router

 DD

Router

router-id

Router

Maste router-id

Router

OSPF master Router router-id

master R1

Router master, sl

20

Figure 2.8 Sending Database Description from R2

Figure 2.9 Sending Database Description from R1 router-id DD

R2

Figure 3.0 Sending Request from R2

21 LSDB informatio

link

link state request (LSR packet)

li

OSPF 1. Hello 2. Database description (DBD or DD) 3. Link state request (LSR) 4. Link state update (LSU) 5. Link-State Acknowledgement (LSAck) Hello Hello

OSPF Router

neighbor relation

router-id DD

Router

information)

DD

tabase (link state or route link state data

LSDB

Router

LSDB

Router LSA

Router LSDB R2 Router

LSDB

Figure 3.1 Sending Update from R1 R

link state reque

22

Figure 3.2 Sending Acknowledgement from R2

R

OSPF

Router ackn

R

reliable transmission

R

-

OSPF protocol

EIGRP

protoc OSPF

၂

TCP

P

3. OSPF Tables

OSPF Router

 Neighbor Table  Topology Table  Routing Table

3.1 Neighbor Table Neighbor Router

Router#show ip ospf neighbor

Exterior Gateway

23 command

Figure 1.1 OSPF Neighbor Table

3.2 Topology Table (LSDB)

OSPF Router

link state database (LSDB) OSPF Router OSPF OSPF Router netwo

Router#show ip ospf database

Figure 1.1 OSPF Topology Table topolog

3.2.1 OSPF Cost destinat

p

Area

24

EIGRP

OSPF Router

OSPF Router

Router

(best route) Router

Router R7 Router R5 – R6

–

–

OSP

Figure 3.3 Choosing the best route

R1

OSPF

subnet 172.16.3.0/24 (R8)

25 Route R1 – R7 – R8

: cost 10 + 180 + 10 = 200

Route R1 – R5 – R6 –R8

: cost 20 + 30 + 40 + 10 = 100

Route R1 – R2 – R3 – R4 – R8 : cost 30+ 60+ 20+ 5 + 10 = 125

R1 – R5 – R6 – R8 R1 Ro

R5

IP Address

next hop IP Address R1 – R5 – R6 – R8 OSPF

OSPF

cost

metric

c cost 10

cost=reference bandwidth/interface bandwidth

reference bandwidth

Router

outgoing interface bandwidth

100 (100Mbps) or 10^8 FastE

Router

ther

b 100/100=1

FastEth

100/10=10 E

cost

G C Gigabit Ethernet interface

ba

26

Router(config-router)#auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000

r

reference bandwi

Fast Ethernet interfac

Gigabit E (

in co

Router(config-if)#bandwidth 1000000 c

co

cos

Router(config-if)#ip ospf cost 100

neighbor com point to multi

Router(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.1.1 cost 200

27

Router#show ip ospf interface fastEthernet 0/0 Router#show ip ospf interface brief c

r

T

Table 1.1 OSPF default cost of multiple interface types Dijkstra Algorithm (SPF)

Intermediate

System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Level 1 (I

-

28

3.3 Routing Table Dijkstra algorithm

OSPF Router

Router#show ip route

Figure 3.4 OSPF Routing Table showing multiple routes

Figure 3.5 OSPF Routing Table showing only OSPF routes

29

4. Link-State Advertisements (LSAs) OSPF

Router

Link-State Datab

LSA (Link-State Advert Router

 (Type 1 LSA) Router LSA  (Type 2 LSA) Network LSA  (Type 3 LSA) Summary LSAs For ABRs  (Type 4 LSA) Summary LSA For ASBRs  (Type 5 LSA) Autonomous System External LSAs  (Type 6 LSA) Group Membership LSA  (Type 7 LSA) NSSA external LSA  (Type 8 LSA) BGP LSA  (Type 9, 10, 11 LSAs) Opaque LSAs

OSPF Router

30 Figure 3.6 An Example Enterprise Network with Seven IPv4 Subnets

4.1 Router LSA (Type 1 LSA)

Figure 3.7 Type 1 LSAs in a single Area

R1, R2, R3, R4 Router

OSPF Area

Router

Area

Router OSPF

devices

Area

ABR Router

Area

Router

Router

router-id

active

IP Address

Router

Router#show ip ospf database command

Router

ink-State Database

Link-State Database

(LSDB)

Router Link States (Area Area

router-id

R1 Router Router Router

router-id

Router Area

ADV Router

router-id

31

Router

router-id

router-id

R2 (2.2.2.2)

Router

Figure 3.8 Type 1 and Type 2 LSAs in a single Area

4.2 Network LSA (Type 2 LSA) Designated Router

(FULL STATE)

Router

database description (DD) Area -

-

-

Broadcast -

-

-

-

Broadcast

-Broadcast Area

-

-

Non-

BDR

network

(Broadcast, Non-Broadcast R1 Router

R1#show ip ospf neighbor command

-

Broadcast -

- -

DR, BDR electio

-

32

Net Link States (Area

Router

Area

router-id ADV Router

Link ID

’

IP Address

IP Address)

Router

Area

router-id

33

4.3 Summary LSAs For ABRs (Type 3 LSA)

Figure 3.9 A Multi-Area Network with Seven Subnets

Figure 4.0 ABR (R1) advertise Type 3 LSAs to Area 4 LSDB Area

Router

R1

Area 4

Area

Router Area R1 Router

R4 Router ABR

) Area

Area 0, Area Router

Area ABR Router

၂

Area

Area

R1-R4 segment (non-BroadcastNBMA network) Area

Type 3 LSA

Area

34 Area Area 4

sub

Area 0

၂

Area

Router Area

Area Area

Area

Area

ABR

topology

Area

R1 Router

Area

Router

OSPF topology

Area summary

R1 Router

Area

(Area 23 & Area 4)

Type 3 LSA

subne

Area

R1 Router Area

R4 Router

(Area 23 & Area 4)

Area

Type 3 LSA

Summary Net Link States (Area

Area

Area

ADV Router Router

router-id

35

ABR Router

R1 Router

Area

0, Area 23, Area

Area Area

Area

ABR Router

Area

R2 Router

Area

Area

Area

Area Area

Area

Figure 4.1 Type 3 LSAs Flooding

flooding

Area

36

4.4 Summary LSA For ASBRs (Type 4 LSA) ASBR

Router

fo

ASBR

Router

ASBR

OSPF

OSPF

Router ASBR

ASBR Router

ASBR

Router

ASBR Router

ASBR Router Router

Router

ASBR

Router

Figure 4.2 Type 4 LSAs Flooding R8 Router Router

OSPF Autonomous System (OSPF

Router

Router

Router

R8

OSPF

ASBR Router OSPF

Router

R3 Router

OSPF

Router

OSPF

Router

EIGRP

OSPF

R3 (config-router) #redistribute eigrp 100 subnets command

command OSPF

Router

R3 Router

ASBR

OSPF

R3 Router

Area

ASBR ASBR

Area Area

Router

ABR Backbone Area

Router

ABR Area

ASBR

ADV Router

Area

37 Router

ASBR

Area ASBR

R7 Router

Router

-

BR Router

ADV Router (Advertising Router

ASBR Router

Router

OSPF ASBR Router ASBR Router

Area

router-id

R4

next hop Router

ASBR

Router

ASBR

ASBR

ADV Router

R3 Router Area

Router

Router

38

Router

Router#show ip ospf database asbr-summary command

39

4.5 Autonomous System External LSAs (Type 5 LSA) OSPF Autonomous System (OSPF redistribu

ASBR OSPF

ASBR Router

OSPF domain OSPF

Router

OSPF domain advertise

ASBR

route (external network

OSPF

OSPF

Area

Stub Area

Router

OSPF Autonomous System (OSPF

Area

Router

OSPF

external network ASBR

40

R7 Router

-

ASBR

ASBR

R3 (router-id

R7 Router ASBR Type

Area R7 Router

{

Type 1 LSA

Type 4 L external network

Router

OSPF

Area

Router

Router

ASBR

Router

41

Figure 4.3 Type 5 LSAs Flooding

Router

Router#show ip ospf database external command

command

Router O E1

O E2

42 R6 Router

R6#show ip route command

4.5.1 Two External Metrics Types OSPF

၂



Type 1 external metrics



Type 2 external metrics (IOS default)

Type 1 external metrics — OSPF Router OSPF ASBR

OSPF internal

R1 Router

external metrics

43

Figure 4.4 Type 1 external metrics

Type 2 external metrics —

Router

external ASBR Router OSPF

R2, R3) ASBR

Figure 4.5 Type 2 external metrics

ad

external routes (paths) O E1 O

O E1

O E2

OSPF

External Type 1 route

External Type 2 route

4.6 Group Membership LSA (Type 6 LSA) OSPF

O E2

44

4.7 NSSA external LSA (Type 7 LSA) OSPF Area (NSSA)

external route

Not-So-Stubby-

advertise NSSA Area Area

NSSA Area

ABR Router

Area

Figure 4.6 Type 7 LSAs Flooding

(OSPF Area

Stub Area

Stub Area Stub Area

Stub Area

OSPF

Stub Area Stub Area

exte Area

Totally Stubby Area

Area

Area

ABR

Area

Stub Area

Stub Area

OSPF

45 Stub Area

St

Area

Router

Area ABR

Area

ABR Router

Router Totally Stubby NSS

R3 Router

Router

Area

OSPF

R3 (config-router) #area 1 nssa command

Area

Area

Area

Router

command

Area

Area Area Area

Router

Router R4 Router

Type-7 AS External Link States (Area ADV Router ASBR R3 (router-id

46

Type 7 LS

Area

routes (paths)

R2 Router

Router

47

O N1

extre

NSSA Type 1 route

Type 1 external metrics O N2

NSSA Type 2 route

external metrics

4.8 BGP LSA or Link LSA (Type 8) Type 8 LSA

OSPF

OSPF OSPF

-

OSPF Type 8 LS OSPF

External-Attributes-LSA Router

OSPF

Type 2

48

4.9 Opaque LSAs (Type 9, 10, 11 LSAs) LSA -

Router OSPF

Area Area

Ty

Intra-Area Area

(inter-Area

Auto

(Stub Area Router

flood

49

50

5. OSPF Areas OSPF

Area

Area

(Single Area

Router ၉

OSPF

Figure 4.7 OSPF Single Area Design n

Router ၉

LSDB

Area

Router

၉

network ( ) Router



Router

link-state database

LSDB 

၂ link-state

D Router

OSPF Router



up or

OSPF multicast address Router Area

Router

LSA

Area

link Area 1

Router

Router

၉

LSA

Router

LSA

Router

၉

Router Router

SPF

co

Area

d

Hierarchical D OSPF Area

Area

Router (detail)

su Router

link-state database

Area Area

51 l

CPU

Figure 4.8 OSPF Multi Area Design

Area

Backbone Area Area

OSPF Hierarchic

OSPF domain (OSPF Autonomous System)

backbone Area

Area

Area

Backbone Area

Standard Area Backbone Area

Backbone Router (BR)

Area

Area Border Router (ABR)

Area

Area

Backbone Area (IR)

Area Border Router (ABR

Area ABR

Router Area

Area 1, Area 0, Area

ABR

Internal Router Area

OSPF Autonomous System (OSPF

domain

OSPF

OSPF Router

network Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR)

6. OSPF Routers and Routes

Area Border Router (ABR) — Router Area

Area

Area ၂ OSPF Area Design

Backbone Area

R3 Router

OSPF network (OSPF

ABR Router

Backbone Area

Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR) — OSPF Router

OSPF Autonomous System (OSPF Domain) BR

network (

Area Area

EIGRP network

52

Backbone Router (BR) — Backbone Area

Router

BR

Area

Area

Internal Router (IR) —

Area

Router

BR

Area OSPF Area D

External route — OSPF domain (OSPF

OSPF OSPF

Router

Router

OSPF

ASBR

(O) Intra-Area route — Area

Router

(intra-Area

OSPF

(O IA) InterArea route — OSPF d (interArea

Area

Router

OSPF

(O E1) External Type 1 route — OSPF

ASBR Router Router

Autonomous System — OSPF

Router

OSPF Do

OSPF

OSPF

Area border Router Area

Area

Router

Area

Router

summary topology

info Area R9)

Router Area

Area

Router

Router

Area

Area

OSPF Area

Router

LSDB

memory

CPU top

(R6, R7, R8,

Area

Area OSPF Area Router

Area

Area

(1 and 0

Area Border Router (ABR Area

Area

SPF Router Router

Memory, CPU Router

OSPF

ABR

53

7. OSPF Area Types

OSPF

Area Type

1. Backbone Area 2. Standard Area 3. Stub Area 4. Totally Stubby Area 5. Not-So-Stubby-Area (NSSA)

7.1 Backbone Area (Area 0) Backbone Area

Area

OSPF Autonomous System (OSPF

Backbone Area

OSPF

non-backbone Area

backbone Area Area

Area

Area

Backbone Area

Area

Area

Area

Backbone Area

Area

Figure 4.9 OSPF Area Types

7.2 Standard Area Backbone Area

stub Area

normal Area Backbone Area

Standard Area Area

Standard Area

54

7.3 Stub Area OSPF

Stub Area

OSPF

Stub Area

Area

LSA (Type 3 LSA)

Stub Area Backbone Area

Area Stut Area

ABR Router

Stub Area Router

Router stub Area

Backbone Area ASBR

Stub Area Stub Area

Stub Area

Type 5 LSA advertise

Router

Stub Area

Stub

Area

Stub Area

Stub Area

Router Area

OSPF

Area

Router

Stub Area

Router

Stub Area Router

Stub Area (traffic) Stub Area

Global configuration mode

Stub Area

Router configuration mode

Router (config-router) #area 10 stub command

(10

Area

Figure 5.0 Stub Area’s LSAs flooding

55

7.4 Totally Stubby Area Totally Stubby Area

Stub Area

Stub Area

stub Area

OSPF

Router

Stub Area

OSPF

Stub Area

external routes (OSPF

internal routes (OSPF

Area

Area

routes)

Totally Stubby Area

Totally Stubby Area

exter

Area Area

Router

Totally Stubby OSPF

Area

Totally Stubby Area

Stub Area

Totally Stubby Area

Router (config-router) # area 10 stub no-summary command Area command

no-

Figure 5.1 Totally Stubby Area’s LSAs flooding

7.5 Not-So-Stubby-Area (NSSA) Stub Area

Stub Area Stub Area

OSPF

Stub Area RFC 1587

Stub Area

Area Stub Area floo

Area Area

ABR

56

Figure 5.2 NSSA’s LSAs flooding Stub Area

Totally Stubby Area Stub Area

Stub Area

Stub Area Stub NSSA

OSPF

Area

Totally Stubby NSSA

Router

Stub NSSA

Area ABR

Area

Router (config-router) #area 10 nssa command Stub Area

Stub Area

Stub Area

ABR

Router

ABR

default route

ABR

Area

Router

Router

Area

networ

BR Router

command

Router (config-router) #area 10 nssa default-information-originate command

BR Router

inst

ABR Router

Router Router

Totally Stubby NSSA

ABR Router

forwar

57 T

ABR Router

Router Router

Stub Area

Area

Totally Stubby Area

Router (config-router) #area 10 nssa no-summary command

Totally Stubby Area ABR Router

8. Administrative Distance

OSPF ၂ Router Router

OSPF

OSPF OSPF R

R

R (parameter) OSPF

cost (sum of Router ’

Router

Router

OSPF

Router

ol (၂ OSPF

OSPF protocol

၂ EIGRP protocol

Cisco Router

(၂)

58 Administrative Distance (AD) OSPF Router

၂

Router

OSPF Administrative D

Router default

Administrative

Router

D

Adminis

Router EIGRP route

OSPF

OSPF

D OSPF Route T ype

Administr ative Distance

Connected

0

Static

1

BGP (external routes)

20

BGP (internal routes)

200

EIGRP (internal routes)

90

EIGRP (external routes)

170

EIGRP (summary routes)

5

IGRP

100

OSPF

110

IS-IS

115

RIP

120

Unusable or Unknown*

255

Table 1.2 Administrative Distances of Multiple route types [

Router routing

u

59

9. OSPFv2 Authentication

Figure 5.3 OSPFv2 Authentication

OSPFv2

Authentication T - Router Router

Router

fo

message

attack

OSPFv2



Null authentication



Clear Text authentication



MD5 authentication

Null authentication—

(

၂

Clear Text authentication— MD5 authentication—

securi

60 OSPFv2

configuration command

Table 1.3 OSPFv2 Authentication Types

interface configuration interface subcommand ၂

Router

command

command

Router OSPF Router

(

service password-encryption command clear text Router command command R1 Router

-

authentication key (

cisco123

Router

0

R1#show ip ospf interface gigabitEthernet 0/1 command

command

-

61

OSPFv2

Type 0 authentication con

Area

OSPF process

R1 (config-router) #area 0 authentication message-digest command

Router configuration

configu

Area 0 Area

R1 (config-if) #ip ospf authentication message-digest command

Area OSPF

R1 (config-router) #area 0 authentication command

(*OSPF

Area 0

A

Area

IPsec (IP Security) protocol

OSPF

OSPF EIGR

62

10. OSPF Load Balancing OSPF routi

OSPF

Router

link redundancy (backup l

OSPF

Router (config-router) #maximum-path 6 Router configuration mode

command

OSPF configuration mode

Router

Router OSPF command

Router Router

Router -

per-destination IP Address

Figure OSPF equal cost path load balancing OSPF Router equal cost path load

IGRP cost path load

EIGRP protocol load

equal cost path

unequal

63

11. OSPF Default Routes Default route Router

Company

Internet connection

local network

Router

forwarding

local network Company local network company (packet

forward Internet

Gateway Router)

Company network

company

(B1, B2, B3)

dynamically learn

Internet default route

default route configure

Internet

Router (R1) (B1, B2, B3) Router

forward

dynamically learn

default route

configure

network

Router

default route configure

default route

default route Router

dynamically learn

R1

(

configure

local network

Router

Internet

Router Router (ISP

default route

destination address

default route

ISP

network

Router

manually OSPF protocol

OSPF Router

advertise

)

Figure 5.4 OSPF default route advertising OSPF company

network

default route

Internet connection

R1 Router

ISP

Gateway Router

Branch Router

Global configuration mode

Company

Router configuration mode

network engineer

OSPF process id

R1 (config-router) #default-information originate command configure Branch Router

default route R1 Router (B1, B2, B3)

configure

(Step 1) default route (Step 2)

OSPF

Company Network

B1, B2, B3 R1 Router

64

Figure 5.5 OSPF default route advertising

Branch Router

OSPF protocol

default route

R1

R1

default route

forward

B1, B2, B3 Router R1

Internet

Router R1

route

Router R1

from ISP)

ISP

forward

default route (static route or learned Internet

R1

ISP

default-information originate command R1

packet (traffic)

ISP Router

BRanch Router R1

Internet

R1

default route (ISP advertise

default route

route)

Router OSPF

(

R1

R1

ISP

advertise default route

Router

route

)

R1 (config-router) #default-information originate always command connection

R1

configure ) OSPF

R1 R1

default route

default route

fail

B1, B2, B3 Router

(R1 advertise

ISP

65

12. OSPF Configuration in Single Area

Figure 5.6 Sample OSPF Single Area Network

(

 ) 

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2tglCgu24N3X0ZKNERFUTlzaW8/view?usp=sharing

 https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2tglCgu24N3RzJxYXlPOEs1SVU/view?usp=sharing

66

12.1 OSPF Process ID Router

OSPF protocol

Router configuration mode

Global configuration mode

Router

OSPF

Router

Router (config) #router ospf 1 command

OSPF process

Router OSPF 1

command

1

OSPF

-

Router

OSPF process

-

OSPF

OSPF process-id

significant

OSPF OSPF Router

OSPF Router

-

OSPFv2 (OSPF

OSPF

IP Address command

I

OSPF protocol (OSPF

network

directly enable

(OSPF ver OSPF

Router OSPF

network subcommand OSPF

locally

-

neighbor re

indirect

-

Router

Router (config-if) #ipv6 ospf 1 Area 0

OSPF

OSPF

67 Command

OSPF

1

command

OSPF OSPF

process-id

OSPF

-

Router

network command

OSPF

12.2 OSPF Network Command Albuquerque Router

router ospf

command

OSPF process

OSPF

OSPF

network subcommand

Albuquerque Router

Router

Albuquerque (config) #router ospf 1 command

OSPF

(Step 1)

Albuquerque (config-router) #router-id 1.1.1.1 command

router-id network command

(Step 2) (Step 3)

Albuquerque (config-router) #network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 command

network command IP Address

Albuquerque Router network command

network command

Router networ

OSPF IP Address OSPF

68 OSPF

neighbor Router

Hello

network command interface FastEthernet 0/0

Area

as

network command

network command

Router

Area

IP Address

IP Address

12.3 Wildcard Mask wildcard

network command

IP Address

c

’

IP Address

oct IP Address IP Address



wildcard 0.0.0.0

IP Address

command

network

IP Address

IP Address

OSPF 

wildcard 0.0.0.255



wildcard 0.0.255.255



wildcard 0.255.255.255



wildcard 255.255.255.255

IP Address IP Address

octet

IP Address configur -

Albuquerque Router

octet ၂

IP Address

network 10.1.33.1 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0

octet

IP Address

IP Address network 10.1.33.1 0.0.255.255 area 0 0

၂ network

69

Seville Router

OSPF

network command Seville Router

network command IP Address Albuquerque Router

Albuquerque Router

Seville Router

running-configuration

int

network command OSPF Seville Router

70

Yosemite Router

network command configuration

Albuquerque Router (RID 1.1.1.1)

Yosemite Router

Full State neighbor

running-configuration

Yosemite Router (RID 2.2.2.2) message

71

Albuquerque Router

routing table

Albuquerque#show ip route (

)

Albuquerque#show ip route ospf command

show ip route command

show ip route ospf

command

OSPF

connected route

O

C OSPF

Chapter 6. OSPF Routers and Routes

Intra-Area route

OSPF

72

Albuquerque Router

Albuquerque#show ip ospf neighbor command

OSPF neighbor Router Yosemite

Yosemite (2.2.2.2)

Seville Router

(State C

Albuquerque Router

Seville (3.3.3.3)

Full State neighbor

)

Seville Router

Seville#show ip ospf database command LSDB

Seville Router

Topology Table (

Router Link States (Area 0) router-id

Router

) Link-State Database

Type 1 LSA

Seville Router

Link ID column

ADV Router column Router

router-id

advertise Area 0

Type 1 LSA

flood

73

Yosemite Router Albuquerque Router

Yosemite Router

point-to-point

network

show ip ospf neighbor command

router-id 1.1.1.1

state neighbor (fully adjacent) Yosemite Router

serial point-to-point link

Router

DR, BDR election State column

Neighbor ID column

FULL

Albuquerque

Albuquerque

Yosemite

Full

database exchange

show ip route command

routing table

Route (Area Administrative Distance

OSPF neighboring Router

[110/65] 65

metric

O 110

OSPF Intra-Area route

OSPF protocol

74

12.4 OSPF Protocol Configuration & Operation Overview

configuration &

show

Figure 5.7 OSPF Protocol Configuration & Operation Overview

global configuration mode OSPF enable

OSPF router configuration mode OSPF enable

neighbor discovery

network command

network

Router

neighbor

Router

neighbor verification check (hello interval,dead interval,areaneighbor Dijkstra (SPF) algorithm

Router

best route configuration

operation

neighbor best route

routing table

Router best route

SPF forward

75

13. OSPF Configuration in Multi-Area

Figure 5.8 Sample OSPF Multi-Area Network

packet tracer Instructor version 6.1.1



download

Lab file

packet tracer

version 

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2tglCgu24N3X0ZKNERFUTlzaW8/view?usp=sharing



OSPFv2 multi-area configuration lab file



https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2tglCgu24N3MDh2RmduMGQ5dnM/view?usp=sharing

Area

Area 0

VLAN ၂

download

(VLAN 11, VLAN 12)

VLAN ၂

intervlan routing (Router on a stick) feature

Area 0

OSPF multi-Area configure subnet

Area 4

R1 Router

configuration

interface FastEthernet 1/0

sub-interface FastEthernet 1/0.11 1/0.11

Area

Area 0

subnet

Area 23

subnet ၂ OSPF configuration

interface FastEthernet 1/0 R1 Router

route

Vlan 12

sub-interface

Vlan 11

Vlan 12

R1 Router

configure sub-interface

sub-interface FastEthernet 1/0.12

configure

Vlan 11 configure

Vlan 11

1/0.43

Switch SW1

sub-interface

sub-interface Vlan

troubleshooting configure

forward

encapulation type

(ISL or dot1q)

76

R1 (config-subif) #encapsulation dot1q 11 Command

encapsulation type

dot1q

11

Vlan

encapsulation

R1 Router

Area 0

route

encapsulation

Vlan

inter-vlan routing

(OSPF Muti-Area configuration

inter-vlan routing

) OSPF configuration Network diagram

R1 Router

Router R1

Area

Area Border Router (ABR)

Area 0, Area 23, Area 4

OSPF enable

enable

interf

OSPF

OSPF

-

OSPF Single Area configuration

enable

network command OSPF

interface

enable

indirectly directly

indirectly OSPF

configure

OSPF process create

create

Router

OSPF

run

R1 (config) #router ospf 1 command

OSPF process 1

create

process 1

router-id (R1

router-id)

R1 (config-router) #router-id 1.1.1.1 command

configure

interface

OSPF indirectly enable

R1 (config-router) #network 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 network command

configure

wildcard mask subnet range IP

IP Address

(network command interface

OSPF

indirectly enable

network command

OSPF

77 Network command

R1

OSPF enable

2.2.2.2) R3 (router-id 3.3.3.3) (R2, R3 Router

R4 (router-id 4.4.4.4) R2 (router-id

R1 (router-id 1.1.1.1)

R4 Router

configuration

message

OSPF configuration

R2, R3

R1 Router

configuration

show running-configuration command

lab file

R4

Router

download link

)

Router

OSPF configuration

Area 0

Area 0

add

inter-vlan routing Area 0

Vlan 11

Switch SW1 (Area 0

configuration route

)

Vlan 12

Vlan

Swithc SW1

vlan 11

vlan 12

SW1 (config) #vlan 11 SW1 (config) #vlan 12 command

switch

vlan database

add

SW1#show vlan brief Command SW1

SW1

Vlan Database

create Vlan 11

V Vlan 12

information active

Switch

78

Switch SW1

FastEthernet 0/3 Vlan assign

(interface

vlan 11

FastEthernet 0/2

vlan 12

Switch

Global configuration )

SW1 (config-if) #switchport access vlan 11 SW1 (config-if) #switchport access vlan 12 command

configure

Switch SW1

Router R1

interface FastEthernet 0/1

SW1 (config-if) #switchport mode trunk command V

trunk mode configuration

(Vlan 11 and Vlan 12) access mode

pass

interface FastEthernet 0/1

Router R1 interface vlan

Router R1

Vlan

trunk mode configure

inter-vlan routing 12 (10.1.2.0/24)

interface (SW1 – R1 link)

vlan route

access (pass)

interface Area 0

trunk mode

Vlan

Vlan 11 (10.1.1.0/24) forward

pass Vlan Vlan

79

SW1#show interface trunk command

trunk configure

Fa0/1 1

R4 Router O IA (

Routing table

show ip route command

routing table

routing table O IA

10.1.1.0 Router R4

pass

Native vlan

) R4 Router

interface

OSPF InterArea

Area

Area

output

O IA C

s

Network Diagram

R4

80

Router R1

routing table

Router R1

Router (ABR) table

Area

Area Border

Area

R1

routing

10.1.4.0

R1

ABR R1

10.1.23.0 subnet )

10.1.13.0 subnet 10.1.12.0 subnet

(R2 Router

)

(R3 Router R1

(Serial 0/1 cost

R3 Router Router

Link-State Database LSDB

States (Area 23)

topology table Area 23

flood

Area 0, Area 23, Area 4 Type 2 LSA

Router Link States (Area 23) R1 Router Area Network Diagram

R1 ABR Net Link

R2

R3

R1

point-to-point

Ethernet network (Broadcast network)

81 Type 2 LSA LSA

Ethernet network (Broadcast network) R2

R3 Router

DR, BDR election R2

R3

R3

Ethernet network

topology table

Link ID

DR Router

R2 Router

Summary Net Link States (Area 23) Area

interface IP Address R2 Router

ADV Router

R1-R2

Link ID Area 23

Router

(R2 & R3)

summary network information (subnets’ ABR Router R1

R3 (3.3.3.3) DR, BDR election

)

ADV Router

show ip ospf neighbor command

neighbor Router 3.3.3.3

DR

interface IP Address

Area 23

Area 4

R1 Router

(

DR, BDR election

DR

1.1.1.1, 10.1.14.1, 10.1.15.1 (R1)

Router

- Area 23

Broadcast network

10.1.23.2

Ethernet network (segment)

link

Type 2 LSA

Router

Area 0

R1

DR, BDR election

2.2.2.2

OSPF neighboring Router

R2 (2.2.2.2)

R1

- R1 Router FULL/ -

neighbor table

State column R1

R2 , R3

82 fully adjacent

database exchange

R4 (4.4.4.4)

network

R4 (4.4.4.4) R4

Broadcastnetwork R1

BDR

DR, BDR

DR, BDR election

FULL/BDR

DR, BDR election

R2, R3 R4

fully adjacent

R1-R4 segment (network)

R1-

R4

BDR

R1

link

point-to-point

DR

R2 network

neighbor table

R2

DR, BDR election

DR, BDR election

R1 (1.1.1.1)

R3 (3.3.3.3)

(State column

link

Broadcastnetwork

FULL/DBR)

configuration Area 4

packet tracer lab PC Area 4

Area 0 Area 0

Vlan 12 route

PC (10.1.2.2)

ping

reply

83

14. Troubleshooting OSPFv2 routing protocol OSPFv2 Troubles

category ( )

 Interface Troubleshooting  Area Troubleshooting  Neighbor Troubleshooting  Other issuees

Figure 5.9 OSPFv2 Troubleshooting

OSPF Troubleshooting

download



(Lab file with errors)



https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2tglCgu24N3VzZkelUtZVRYcjQ/view



(Lab file with fixed)



https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2tglCgu24N3QXk5NnROSmVYazA/view?usp=sharing

14.1 Interface Troubleshooting Finding duplicate OSPF router-id R3 Router

R1

router-id

R1 Router

R1#debug ip ospf adj command

OSPF

configure

84 R3 Router

10.1.1.3 IP Address assign

duplicate

message (

OSPF

interface FastEthernet0/0 )

debug

R1#undebug all command

debug

Router R3

R3#show ip ospf command

router-id

Router R3

Router R3

router-id

configure

R3 Router

OSPF protocol process 3

router-id

R3 (config) #router ospf 3 R3 (config-router) #router-id 3.3.3.3 command

configure

router-id ID 1.1.1.1

router-id 1.1.1.1

3.3.3.3

configure

router-id 1.1.1.1

85 c

Router R3

OSPF process 3

Router R3

router-id

3.3.3.3

OSPF

R3#clear ip ospf process command

reset

Router

neighbor relationship

Down state

Router R3

OSPF

reset

Router R3 Router R3

neighbor R1

FULL state

neighbor relationship

router-id

3.3.3.3

configure

R3

router-id

3.3.3.3

R1

R1#show ip ospf neighbor command

Neighbor ID column

R3

R1

R3

Broadcast network

R3

router-id 3.3.3.3

FULL state (database DD can be exchange) database exchange

State column FULL

/BDR

DR /

BDR role

14.2 Area Troubleshooting Finding Area Mismatches OSPF network OSPF network

Router

Area

BroadcastEthernet network

configure Router R1, R2, R3, R4

troubleshoot Area 0

86 R2 Router

Area

configure

R1 Router

neighbor relationship

R1 Router

R1#debug ip ospf adj command (10.1.1.2)

OSPF

Router R2

Area mismatch

R2

R2#show ip ospf interface brief command

Area

OSPF enable

interface fastEthernet 0/0

R1#show ip ospf interface fastEthernet 0/0 command

detail

Area

interface FastEthernet

87 Router R2

OSPF process 2

network 10.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 Area 1

command

R2 (config-router) #no network 10.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 1 command

global configuration mode

OSPF mode

R2 (config-router) #network 10.1.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 command

10.1.1.2 IP Address asign

Router R2

FastEthernet 0/0 interface

Router R1, R3, R4

R1, R3, R4

Area 0

Area 0

R2

Area 0 network

neighbor

R1 Router

R1#show ip ospf neighbor command

neighbor Router

Neighbor ID (router-id) 2.2.2.2

R2 Router

R1

neighbor

list

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14.3 Neighbor Troubleshooting Finding OSPF Hello and Dead Timer Mismatches R4

Router

neighbor relationship

R4 Router

R4#debug ip ospf hello command

R4

R4 Router

Router

Hello

Hello events

debug on

error

troubleshoot

88

D R4

Dead R 40 C 10 Dead timer 40

value

Router C

configure timer value

R 10

R4 Router configure

local Router R4 received dead

10

10

Hello timer

C 10

received

R4 Router

R4 Router

received value

R

10

40 configured dead timer value

Hello R 10 C 5

packet

configured value

dead timer value

R 40

Hello timer 10 Router

packet Hello timer value

5

C 5

C5 local Router

configured value

R4#show ip ospf interface fastEthernet 0/0 Command

detail

Hello

R4

FastEthernet 0/0

0/0

Hello

R4

Hello, Dead timers (5, 10)

neighbor

Area

R1

R1

FastEthernet 0/0

Hello, Dead timers (10, 40)

detail

R1 FastEthernet

R1

R4

89

R4

FastEthernet 0/0

Hello

G

R1

configure

interface configuration

R4 (config-if) #ip ospf hello-interval 10 R4 (config-if) #ip ospf dead-interval 40 command

configure

configuration command

change R4

R4 R2 (2.2.2.2)

network R3 (3.3.3.3)

R1 Router

R1#show ip ospf neighbor command

neighbor list

R4 (4.4.4.4)

R4 Router

neighbor relationship

(R2, R3)

Hello

neighbor

90

14.4 Other issuees Mismatched OSPF Network Types OSPF

OSPF protocol

type

concept

interface serial interface

default

interface

(or) FastEthernet interface

network type network

Router

network

-

point-to-point protocol (PPP, HDLC)

point-to-point default

network

OSPF

network type

Ethernet Broadcast

OSPF

Router 

Attached link

dynamically discover



point-to-point network

DR, BDR

Broadcast

OSPF protocol

default

Router

network type

R3 Router

R3 Router

FastEthernet 0/0

network type

interface FastEthernet 0/0

neighbor

network type

R3#show ip ospf interface fastEthernet 0/0 command

FastEthernet 0/0

network type

neighbor

point-to-point

error

91

R3 type

Area 0

R1

FastEthernet 0/0 interface

Broadcast

Broadcast

R3

Router R3 Router

interface FastEthernet 0/0

FastEthernet 0/0

network type

R3 (config-if) #ip ospf network broadcast command

configure

R1 FastEthernet 0/0

network

network type network type

point-to-point

Broadcast

Broadcast

configure

92

configuration Router

copy run sta (copy running-config startup-config) command

network

Router R1

neighbor table

neighbor Router R3 (3.3.3.3)

neighbor Router

save

R3

93

15. OSPF Multiple Area Types Configuration

Figure 6.0 Sample OSPF Network with Multiple Area Types



OSPF Multi Area Types Configuration

GNS3 version 0.8.5

download 

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2tglCgu24N3WE44bDNkR21OMEk/view?usp=sharing



GNS3 version 0.8.5 (all-in-one) software setup file



https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2tglCgu24N3YzdyMnUtU3hhS28/view?usp=sharing



GNS3



http://commonerrors.blogspot.com/2013/10/download-cisco-7200-series-router-ios.html

Cisco IOS I

download

download

94

15.1 Configuration IR-1

IR-1 Router

running configuration

running-configuration

router-id

IR-1

Backbone Area

ABR-1, ABR-2, ABR-3

IR-1 Backbone Router OSPF

enable

Area 0

ABR-1

ABR-1

running configuration

Border Router (ABR)

ABR-1

ABR-1

NSSA

Backbone Area

Area

NSSA

ABR-1 (config-router) #area 1 nssa command

NSSA

) configure

enable

command ABR-1

NSSA

Area Border Router

(BR

ASBR

95 ABR-1

network command

OSPF enable

ABR-2

ABR-2

running configuration

ABR-2

Area Border Router

ABR-2

Standard

Area 3

ABR-4 Router

ABR-2 (config-router) #area 3 virtual-link 10.0.0.9 command

virtual-link

ABR-4 Router

(virtual link

Loopback interface

ABR-2

ABR-4

virtual link interface

) command Area 3

command ABR-2

10.0.0.9 Loopback interface

area 3

Loopback interface

Loopback

10.0.0.5 IP Addr

ABR-3 ABR-3

Backbone Area

Totally Stubby Area

Area Border Router

ABR-3

Totally

Stubby Area

ABR-3 (config-router) #area 2 stub no-summary command Area

Totally Stubby Area configure

stub no-summary command

command Totally Stubby Area

configure

ABR-3

no-summary IR-2 Router ၂

Stub area 2

96

IR-2 IR-2

Totally Stubby Area

Router

Router enable

configuration ABR-3

area 2 stub no-summary command

network command configure

IR-3 IR-3

Standard Area

Router

running configuration

IR-2 OSPF

97

ABR-4 ABR-4 Router link

Standard Area virtual link

Stub Area

Router

ABR-2

virtual

command

ABR-4 (config-router) #area 3 virtual-link 10.0.0.5 10.0.0.5

ABR-2

Loopback interface

ABR-4 (config-router) #area 4 stub command

Stub Area

configure

ABR-4

IR-4

Stub Area

98

IR-4 IR-4

Stub Area

Router

Stub Area configure

ABR-4

IR-4 (config-router) #area 4 stub command

OSPF process 1

configure

IR-5 IR-5

ASBR, ABR-1

Not-So-Stubby-Area (NSSA)

IR-5 (config-router) #area 1 nssa command

OSPF process 1

configure

IR-5 Router

NSSA

99

ASBR ASBR

OSPF AS (OSPF Domain)

external network (e.g, EIGRP network)

System Border Router

ASBR Router

EIGRP protocol

EIGRP Router

Autonomous

EIGRP protocol

configuration

ASBR (config) #router eigrp 10 ASBR (config-router) #eigrp router-id 10.0.0.1 ASBR (config-router) #network 200.128.1.0 ASBR (config-router) #no auto-summary 10

command

EIGRP

network command Address

EIGRP

wildcard mask ASBR Router

AS number network command

OSPF

network command

IP

subnet mask

EIGRP protocol

EIGRP Router

router-id

OSPF protocol

OSPF Domain

redistribute

forward

redistribute

ASBR (config-router) #redistribute eigrp 10 subnets command

eigrp 10

configure

subnets

redistribute ASBR Router

OSPF Area 1 NSSA

ASBR (config-router) #area 1 nssa command

OSPF process 1

configure

key word

OSPF protocol

EIGRP

100

EIGRP EIGRP Router

EIGRP AS 10

Router

EIGRP Router

EIGRP (config-router) #network 192.168.1.0 EIGRP (config-router) #network 200.128.1.0 network command

configure

running configuration

15.2 Verification

IR-1 Router

IR-1#show ip ospf neighbor command

IR-1

neighbor table

10.0.0.5, 10.0.0.6

IR-1

Area 0

10.0.0.3 ,

neighbor table

ABR-2 Router

neighbor table OSPF_VL0

ABR-2

10.0.0.9 (ABR-4)

virtual link

101

IR-2 Router

neighbor table

IR-2

neighbor table

Area 2

ABR-3 (10.0.0.6)

ABR-4

neighbor table

Interface column

virtual link

OSPF_VL0

ASBR

neighbor table

router-id (10.0.0.2)

ABR-1 Router

ABR-1#show ip route command

ABR-2 (10.0.0.5)

routing table

ASBR

neighbor table

IR-5 Router

102

IR-2

routing table

IR-2

default route O*IA

routing table IR-2

external network (

ABR-3

default route

forward

IR-3

routing table

routing table

O E2

(Type 5 LSA ) O E2 200.128.1.0 [110/20] via 10.244.7.1, O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 10.244.7.1,

O E1 and O E2

103 200.128.1.0, 192.168.1.0 via hop Router (ABR-2)

ASBR Router

OSPF domain

10.244.7.1

EIGRP Router

IR-3 Router

next

interface IP Address

routing table

O IA

OSPF Domain

(10.244.3.0, 10.244.4.0, 10.244.5.0, 10.244.6.0, 10.244.7.0, 10.244.8.0, 10.244.9.0) network diagram 10.244.1.0 network

ASBR Router

)

network

(OSPF enable

connected route C

10.244.2.0 network

ASBR Router

Area

route protocol

)

external network (EIGRP network) 192.168.1.0

route

D

route route

O

EIGRP

104

EIGRP Router

routing table

D

EIGRP protocol

105 IR-1 Router

IR-1#show ip ospf database command

link-state databse

IR-1 Router

Type 1 LSA Router Link States

Area 0

virtual link

Summary Net Link States Type 5 LSA

AS External Link States

106

IR-2 Router

link-state database

Summary Net Link States Stubby Area

ABR-3 (10.0.0.6)

Router

default route (0.0.0.0)

IR-2

Area

Totally

Area Border Router

default route IR-4 Router

link state

database

IR-4 Router

Stub

Area

Router

OSPF Domain Type 4 4

Stub Area

ype

pass forward

Stub Area ABR

default route

107 Summary Net Link States (Area 4)

IR-4

Stub Area

ABR Router

ABR-4 (10.0.0.9)

default route (0.0.0.0) OSPF Domain

OSPF Domain Type 3 LSA

(Topology Table)

ABR-4

Type 3 LSA

Summary Net Link States (Area 4) route

IR-4

LSDB

summary network information

ABR Router

ABR-4 (10.0.0.9)

default

OSPF domain

ADV Router

(Advertise Router

IR-5 Router

LSDB

Type 1 LSA

IR-5

NSSA

Router

Router Link States (Area 1) Type 2 LSA

IR-5 Router

LSDB

Net Link States (Area 1) Type 3

LSA

Type 7 LSA Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 1) NSSA

1

Stub Area Type 1, Type 2, Type 3

NSSA NSSA (Stub NSSA) Type 4

configure

IR-5

Area

108

ASBR

OSPF Domain

advertise

Area

Type 5 LSA

flood (advertise) ASBR

Type 5 LSA

LSA Type

NSSA

convert flood

IR-5 Router (

NSSA

ABR Router

forward ABR-1 IR-1)

Type 5 LSA network diagram

Type 5 LSA

IR-5

Area

LSDB

Area

Type 5 LSA

IR-1

Type 5 LSA

Type 4 LSA

Type 4 LSA

ASBR Router

LSA NSSA

Type 7 LSA

ASBR

ASBR Router

NSSA

Type 1 LSA

109

16. OSPFv3 (OSPF Version 3) OSPFv3

IPv6

support

OSPF

OSPF version 2 (OSPFv2)

၉၉

OSPF version 1

implement

OSPF version 2 OSPF (OSPFv2) Enterprise network

  

IPv6

support

IPv4

IPv6

migrate

technology ( )

Dual-stacks Tunneling (6 To 4 Tunnel) NAT Protocol Translator (NAT-PT)

16.1 OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 

Protocol

-



Area design concept



Protocol



Interface



Protocol

interface enable

enable OSPF protocol (၂)

neighbor

Area Number, Hello Interval, Dead Inte (



Protocol ၂



LSDB exchange



Protocol 

Router

OSPFv2 neighbor

SPF Algorithm LSA

16.2 OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 Configuration

16.3 OSPFv2 network subcommand 

Global configuration mode> o

Router configuration mode> 

network subcommand

OSPFv3 LSDB

best route

cost concept Protocol

neighbor discovery

topology table

)

110

OSPFv2

network subcommand

interface

interface

IP Address

OSPFv2

OSPF

indirectly enable

OSPFv3

OSPF

interface subcommand

Router

configure

OSPFv3

network subcommand

Router (config-if) #ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 interface subcommand

command

OSPF

interface

directly enable

16.4 OSPFv3 Router-ID OSPFv3

OSPFv2

32bit router-id

router-id

OSPFv2

Router

) router-id router-id

command

manually assign

router-id

IPv6 Address

OSPFv3 OSPFv2

router-id

router-id

IPv4 Address

OSPF configuration mode (OSPF

manually assign

OSPFv3

IPv4 address

interface

128bit

OSPFv3

router-id

OSPFv3 32bit router-id

selection

IP

16.5 Configuring Single-Area OSPFv3 1) Step 1

assign

2) Step 2

forward

Global configuration mode

ipv6 unicast-routing command 3) Step 3

configure

G

OSPFv3 process

ipv6 router ospf process-id command 4) Step 4

router-id

create

111

5) Step 5

OSPFv3 enable

Router

ipv6 ospf process-id area area-number command

*(

OSPFv3

OSPFv3

enable

configuration

OSPFv2

network command

)

Configuration 

Single Area Design (Area 0)



OSPFv2

Router

OSPFv3 protocol

adjacent)

Router

Area 0

neighbor

database exchange

OSPF process-id

Router



router-id



Router

1.1.1.1, 2.2.2.2

3.3.3.3

IPv4 Address

IPv6 Address

Figure 6.1 OSPFv3 Single Area Network

16.6 Sample OSPFv3 Configuration Steps 

OSPFv3 configuration lab file



https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2tglCgu24N3cVY4anZYWUNWVlE/view?usp=sharing configure

  OSPFv3

download

configuration

topology lab file

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2tglCgu24N3VGd1dkJSc2E0THc/view?usp=sharing configuration

R1 Router

configure

(fully

112

(Step 1) Router

configure

R1 (config-if) #ipv6 address 2001:db8:1111:4::1/64 command

configure

IPv6 Address

ipv6 address command

2001:db8:1111:4::1/64

IPv4 Address configuration

/64

prefixe

range Cisco

IOS software

default

interface configuration mode (config-if) #

configure

R1 (config-if) #no shutdown command

shutdown

interface

enable

IPv6 Address

113 (Step 2) Router

Glocal configuration mode

R1 (config) #ipv6 unicast-routing command

ipv6 routing protocol (OSPFv3)

enable

forwarding (Step 3) Router

OSPF

command

configure

Global configuration mode (config) #

R1 (config) #ipv6 router ospf 1 command

OSPFv3 process OSPFv3

create router-id

IPv4 Address

R1 Router

manually configure

32bit

router-id

IPv4 address router-id

32bit interface

manually configure

router-id message

) (Step 4) Global configuration mode (config) #

OSPF protocol

Router configuration mode (config-rtr) #

R1 (config-rtr) #router-id 1.1.1.1 command (Step 5)

OSPFv3 process 1

OSPFv3 process-id

OSPFv2 Area-id

router-id network command

configure

OSPFv3

OSPFv3

enable

interface

directly enable

R1 (config-if) #ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 command

Interface

Interface configuration mode (config-if) #

enable (

R1 Router

OSPFv3 sample configuration

)

OSPFv3

114

(OSPFv3

IPv6

Address

OSPFv3

IPv6

protocol

IPv6 Protocol IPv6 Address

)

16.7 OSPFv3 Configuration Checking OSPFv3

configuration

network engineer

Router (၂)

OSPFv3 process-id

Router

configuration

configuration

checking

parameter

Area number

Global configuration mode

OSPFv3 process-id

interface

process-id configure Area Number

Router configuration mode (OSPF

configure

OSPFv3

configure

interface

Area Design Number

[*OSPFv2

OSPFv3

(subnets)

-

)

network command

interface configuration mode

Area Number Area

asign neighbor

OSPFv2

interface

OSPF

Router (၂)

Area N

assign ABR

(Multiple Router

Area

neighbor

IPv6 prefixes

) Area

Hello interval

OSPFv3 ]

dead interval

Router

115 R1

configuration

R2 Router

configuration confiugure

R3 Router

running-configuration

( running-configuration

R2 )

116

117 R1 Router

R1#show ipv6 ospf command

OSPF

command

OSPFv3 process 1

OSPFv3 1

ID 1.1.1.1

R1

router-id

(

)

Area BACKBONE (0)

OSPFv3

Number of interfaces in this area is 3

show ipv6 ospf

OSPFv3

OSPFv2

show ip ospf

show ip ospf command R3 Router

Area 0

assign assign

command

Area interface

OSPFv2

output

configuration

R1

R1#show ipv6 ospf neighbor command (1.1.1.1)

OSPF neighboring Routers

FULL State neighbor (FULL/ )

R2, R3 Router

R3 (3.3.3.3) database exchange

OSPFv3 neighbor table

R2 (2.2.2.2)

R1

118

R1#show ipv6 ospf database command R1

R1 Router

LSDB

Link-State Database OSPFv2

Router Link States (Area 0) LSA Type

(၂)

Link LSA

Link LSA (Type 8 LSA)

flooding

link-local address

R2

(Type 9 LSA)

Area

LSA Type net

Type 2 LSA Neighbor Table

-

LSDB

Intra-Area Prefix LSA

Link (Type-8) Link States (Area 0)

Intra-Area Prefix LSA OSPFv2

OSPFv3

Link LSA flooding

119

120 R1 Router

R1#show ipv6 route command

R1

routing table

Routing Table

O (OSPF intra-Area -

FE80:: Router

assign

IPv6

enable

-

configuration, neighbor discovery, Router discovery IPv4

Lin -

local network range

FE80::/10

169.254.x.x IPv4 Protocol

Figure 6.2 OSPFv3 and its use of link local address

IP Address

automatic

121 FF00::/8 IPv6 OSPFv3

Broadcast Address Broadcast

DROther Router (all SPF Router

routing information (DD of LSDB)

DR Router (Designated Router

(*OSPF

DROther Router

R1, R2, R3 Router

multicast address

DR Router

122

16.8 OSPFv3 Passive Interfaces Router

interface

OSPF

enable

Router

OSPF

discover

Hello

Hello interval interface

(

network

network

)

Hello

Router

OSPF enable

neighboring device

Hello

OSPF

interface

Router

neighboring device

OSPF Router

Hello

Router

Hello

CPU OSPF Router

interface

interface

cycle

(CPU

neighboring device

usuage) passive

configure

(*OSPFv2

OSPFv3 IP

OSPF enable

interface

passive interface

)

Router

Figure 6.3 OSPFv3 network with passive interfaces

Router R1

subnet 1

Router

R1

R1 subnet 1

passive interface configure advertise

subnet 1

Interface

passive interface

  

interface Interface interface

subnet 1 interface R1

interface

subnet 1 Hello

OSPF Hello Hello

ignore OSPF Router

neighbor relationship

neighbor relationship

Router neighbor discovery

123 

passive interface

Router

advertise Passive interface configuration

OSPFv2

Passive interface configuration

OSPFv3 (၂)

interface

interface

interface

default

passive

passive interface

neighboring device

Router (config-if) #no passive-interface command

passive interface

network

OSPF Router interface default command interface command

neighboring device Router

OSPF neighboring device passive interface

passive interface Router

interface

passive(sub-interface interface Router

)

passive

no passive-interface

124

17. REFERENCES

> offical cert guide by WENDELL ODOM, CCIE No. 1624

>https://supportforums.cisco.com

> https://www.informit.com

>http://www.ccieuniversity.com

>https://networklessons.com

>http://packetlife.net

>http://www.cisco.com

>http://www.learncisco.net

>http://study-ccna.com

>http://www.itcertnotes.com

>http://www.9tut.com

>http://www.getnetworking.net

>http://wiki.nil.com

Kyaw Swa Lin IP Core Optimization Engineer (current) @ Ooredoo Myanmar Network Engineer (former) @ Yatanarpon Teleport Email: [email protected] Skype: kyawswar711 Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/Networking-Knowledge-843141505772184/

125

126