Project Management Assignment 1

Project Management: Group Assignment 1 Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA)

PROJECT CHARTER PROJECT NAME: Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) Date: 10/11/2015 INITIATION

Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA)

Airport Project Director: Douglas Oakervee

SYNOPSIS

PURPOSE/ BUSINESS NEED:

SCOPE & ACCEPTENCE

The city of Hong Kong had evolved and grown around the tiny Kai Tak Airport placed in the centre of the small Island nation. Since its inception in 1925, the city had evolved and become a free trade centre with a growing commerce and trade. By mid 1990’s the number of flights and sizes of buildings had become so large that there was a risk of aircrafts crashing into a skyscraper. The small airport with its limited size and resources was now unable to manage the incoming traffic which was serious concern for the trade economy. The need of the hour is to build an airport large enough to accommodate the busy air-traffic and also accommodate the expected growth in forthcoming years. The new airport is to be built out in sea on reclaimed land with superfast rail and road connectivity with the mainland. The airport and the transportation infrastructure must be built in a manner so as to withstand the lashing typhoons that are common in this area. The political constraint is that China (Communist) will take over Hong Kong (Free economy) in 7 years so the airport needs to be functional before that to avoid political interference. The maritime traffic needs to be taken into consideration while taking up this project, there should not any interference or obstruction. A growing economy like Honk Kong which is one of the wealthiest cities in the world where trade and cargo shipments are a major economic contributor requires the infrastructure to handle large airplanes to sustain the growth. The smaller airport Kai Tak was unable to handle this load with minimal scope of expansion. The reclaimed land on which the proposed airport is to be built requires supreme road and rail connectivity to help Honk Kong sustain transport and receive goods, in an effort to sustain economic superiority. Kai Tak had become one of the world’s busiest airports by 1990’s, it had already far exceeded it cargo and passenger capacities. The lack of a second runway at Kai Tak caused delays in 1 out of 3 flights. In addition 3, 40,000 people were getting affected of severe noise pollution, this was restricting night time flights. Land Reclamation project The site chosen for development of the airport was primarily a mountainous region with 200 million tons of rocks required to be removed and filled into the sea bed to create an artificial island that would form the base for the

largest Airport project in the world.

Construction of tunnels The airport was constructed outside the city at sea, so to connecting the airport to the main city required a 1 mile long through the sea. This tunnel needs 6 lanes, also incorporating a high speed rail system. The construction requires pre-cast steel structures weighing 35000 tons each which would be laid at a depth of 50ft under water and sealed by a watertight mechanism.

Bridge Construction for Hong Kong Airport The second junction between the tunnel and the airport mainland, the depth of the sea makes it impossible to create an underwater tunnel. The construction of the world’s longest double Decker suspension bridge is required. The Bridge will consist of 2 towers rising to a height of 60 story buildings each. The suspension bridge requires a double Decker structure to give it strength and stability against the lashing typhoons. This requires 1000 tons pre-fabricated structures hauled up from sea onto the bridge. The cable required for holding the bridge need to be built on site, each cable being 3ft in diameter weighing 15000 tons each.

North Lantau Expressway The 8 mile road would connect the traffic from the bridge to the new Airport. The terrain over which this high speed expressway needs to be built is rocky along the shoreline. Additional shoreline extension needs to be made by half a mile to accommodate this road. This requires around 25 million tons of rock to be dumped into the ocean.

Construction of High speed rail

The Airport will need to cater to the 2 million plus people who use the rail system on a daily basis, for which they will create an artificial island at Victoria bay of 50 acres close to mainland Hong Kong. The rail system will use the same infrastructure as road and will allow check-in for passengers and cargo when completed.

Foundation of the airport and other projects The airport is to be built on a manmade island which needs to be nailed to the sea bed for stability using concrete piers, each pier weighing 25 tons. The terminal designed would be the largest enclosed space structure in the world. The construction would have a repeating lattice of steel trusses which could be easily duplicated for all the 136 units required.

APPROACH

The approach used for the development project: 1) The sea floor will be cleared by the use of underwater dredgers at the construction site of the new airport. 2) The construction engineers will connect the two small islands into one level Island by first pulverizing the nearby mountains and adding a layer of sand to fill the sea bed. 3) The civil engineering team will construct pre fabricated steel sections for the 6 lane underground highway at a harbor side quarry. 4) The builders will carry the steel segments and submerge them releasing the watertight seal after connection 50ft below the water. 5) The design engineers will do computer models to check the effect of any high speed winds on the suspension bridge across the 1 mile length. 6) The construction team will level the building site and create two 60 storey towers on which the suspension bridge would rest. 7) Double tier pre fabricated bridge decks would have to be transported by sea and raised up by a large crane onto the suspended bridge and connections made. 8) The shoreline along the North Lantau highway would be extended by half a mile to accommodate the construction. 9) The airport express, a high speed rail line will be created. The central station by creating 50 acres of land at Victoria harbor. 10) Concrete piers will be used by the construction team to nail the manmade island securely to the ocean bed. 11) Builders will setup an assembly line to setup 136 identical lattice structures for the terminal. 12) The workers will construct the airport’s air cargo terminal. 13) Closing of the old terminal and transporting all the goods via the roads to the new Airport will be done in 7hrs. 14) A pre test will be run for all systems and the first flight will be catered.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND DELIVERABLES

Land Reclamation project Phase 1: leveling the Islands by blasting mountains Phase 2: Clearing the sea bed using dredgers Phase 3: Filling the sea bed with sand and rock debris Construction of tunnels Phase 1: Fabrication of tunnel segments Phase 2: transporting the tunnel sections into the harbor by floating them Phase 3: Assembling the segments below the water and creating water tight connections.

Bridge Construction for Hong Kong Airport Phase Phase Phase Phase

1: 2: 3: 4:

Testing and design models of the bridge Building towers for the bridges Building suspension cables onsite the bridge transport & Installation of the bridge decks

The Expressways Phase 1: The construction of Quay Chung expressway connecting the mainland and the tunnel. Phase 2: Clearing of land and extension of the shoreline for the North Lantau Highway Phase 3: Road construction along the Lantau Highway Construction of High speed rail Phase 1: Reclaiming 50 acres of land from sea at Victoria harbor Phase 2: Building the lines along the expressway, tunnels and bridges Phase 3: Design and fabrication of the trains Phase 4: Building the central station at the mainland

Foundation of the airport and other projects Phase Phase Phase Phase

1: 2: 3: 4:

The reclaimed airport nailed to the bedrock The Construction of the two Runways Construction of the terminal structures Assembly of the terminal

Transportation of manpower and infrastructure

from the old to the new Airport Phase 1: Transport of physical infrastructure Phase 2: Transport of personnel Phase 3: Setup of automated systems at the new airport Phase 4: Test run to check all the systems Phase 5: Facilitating the landing and takeoff of passenger & freight planes

ASSUMPTIONS, CONSTRAINTS, RISKS

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Funding: The 20Bn USD project was funded by the Hong Kong government, before the Chinese takeover. Political Scenario: The Chinese takeover was in 7 years and the project which would generally have taken 10-20 years had to be rushed in order to completion before the takeover as the Communist Chinese government might not allow such an ambitious project to continue. Limited Land: Hong Kong being a small nation had limited land in the city, not large enough to construct the size of airport it needed. The land needs to be reclaimed 16 miles out the mainland by combining two small islands by filling the gap between them through reclaimed land. The Airport also needs to have supreme connectivity with the city, so underground tunnels and suspension bridges need to be built to facilitate it. Environmental Concern: The airport project is being built at an area common for grade 10 Typhoons with wind speeds ranging up to 200 miles/hr. The Suspension bridge which is out at sea needs to be able to withstand such winds. The Airport terminal itself is built off the coast and is at risk of damage pertaining to such typhoons. The structures need to be robust enough to survive with minimal damage.

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RESOURCES

Damage to reclaimed land: The reclaimed land over time has the tendency to get cut and wash away into the sea. Nailing the structure to the sea bed is one way to prevent such erosion. Continuation of Trade: There should be a smooth flow of trade and shipments while the construction as well as the transference from the old airport to the new one.

Project Resources: Human Resources: 1 Project Director: Planning, coalition and coordination among various sub projects.

5 Project directors one each for the sub projects(The HKIA site, Highspeed rail system, Highways, The Tsing ma bridge project & Underground tunnel connectivity project) 15 chief engineers, 3 for each sub project 30 -40 members team of engineers for each project, depending upon the requirement. Support staff and construction workers Material and service resources: Equipment: Digging barrage, Cranes, Land movers, Trucks, Land fillers, Suspension systems, Large sea transport vessels Industrial Resources: Water supply, Steel and iron, Concrete, road construction material, quarry. Financial Resources Labor: $7 Billion Equipment buying/renting: $5 Billion Material and service resources: $6 Billion Additional Expenses/Cautionary fund: $2 Billion

CHANGE MANAGEMENT

PROJECT TEAM

All the change requests should be submitted to the Project managers of the respective modules in accordance to the change required. These changes will be assessed by the Project managers, Leads and the team of engineers before final approval from the Project manager. In case the change is approved the project schedule, scope and budget will be updated in accordance. The communication will be done through the assigned communication channel and hierarchy. The Project manager or the project team will communicate the approved change and updated schedule to the resources responsible for implementing the changes. PROJECT TEAM ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Douglas Oakervee: Airport Project Director – Preparing and creating the plans for overall implementation of the project. Coordinating with all the project managers in separate modules to adhere to budget and timelines. Alistair Thomas: Airport Construction manager – Managing all the processes and timelines related to the offshore airport project. Andrew Beard: Tsing Ma Bridge Engineer – Designing and implementation of the bridge. Kevin Dixon: Project Director North Lantau Highway – Managing all the resources and adhering to the budget and timelines of the Highway as well as overall project. Russell Black: Project Director Airport Express railway system – Designing the railway system in conjunction to the airport, managing the budget and timelines for building the central terminal.

APPROVAL(S)

Project Manager: Date: Sponsor: Date: