"all Contracts" Cease To Be Obligatory.. As Soon As The State Of Facts Out Of Which They Arose Change.

  • Uploaded by: in1or
  • 0
  • 0
  • January 2021
  • PDF

This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA


Overview

Download & View "all Contracts" Cease To Be Obligatory.. As Soon As The State Of Facts Out Of Which They Arose Change. as PDF for free.

More details

  • Words: 3,230
  • Pages: 12
Loading documents preview...
!

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{before it was later repealed}!&'(!7&;4<;#!%+!2C!1S)P!>#;$47!%+!>%:<=!4$4(!&(4&'7!+$4(!;4<S%# *T)J2I!>#;$47!%+!J000!+$4(!7$:L(#!;7!(7&;/:$7'(%:!.%#(!B(#&;$4!&';4!<(;&'!;4'! <(/&! &';&! .%4(F! (L(#! >(&7! B#(;&('!&;X;&$%4!%+!&'$7!<(/&=!&';&!$&!/(B%.(7!B%4L(#&(;:! &(4<(#! D-#$L;&(! <(/&E! $4&%! -6/:$B! :(>;:! &(4<(#! D-6/:$B! <(/&E! ]! &'(! :;&&(#! +%#.!/($4>!;BB(-&;/:(!&%!&'(!>:%/;:!(B%4%.FJ!

g

Constitutional Road Map: The Execution of Power in Today's Society By the Footsoldiers of our Foreign Masters (i.e. police, bankers, and many unwitting attorneys, etc.) ^ ^ ^

^

)*&'!N.(4<.(4&G! RO4L%:64&;#F! 7(#L$&6<(U! $7! -#%'$/$&(:$7'!A#%34=!&'(!Da:;BbE!"%-(!;4;4$Z($4;&$4>!3$&'$4!;4F!B%64&#FE=!;4F! +%#.(#!K;Z$7!7&$::!:6#b$4>!;/%6&=!$4! %&'(#!3%#<7=!;4F%4(!3'%!3%6:;::F! (X-:%$&!-(%-:(M7!$>4%#;4B(!%+!&'(!7$>4$+$B;4B(!%+!>%L(#4.(4&H>$L(4!/(4(+$&7! /($4>! &'(! +%64<;&$%4! +%#! R/;$&$4>U! &'(! -6/:$B! &%! B%.(! 64<(#! >%L(#4.(4&;:! +:((B$4>!;4'!&'(!;(>$7!%+!B%..(#B$;:!:;3!d7((!/(:%3eJ ?'(!RN>(!%+!A%47(4&U!#(+(#7!&%!;!7(B6#$&F!$4&(#(7&!3'$B'!D&'(!@4$&($7&(#(;:! >6;#<$;4!D3'$B'!;:7%!';--(47!&%!/(!&'(!B'$:<M7!-;#(4&7E!;4$7&#;&$%4J! ?'$7!$7!4%&!64:$b(!&'(!+$#7&!&3(4&F!F(;#!'$7&%#F!%+!&'(!g(<(#;:!9(7(#L(!NB&!h! +#%.!)0)*!64&$:!)0**!h!3'(4!&'(!NB&!B%6:! -#%L$7$%47! 3$&'$4! $&! +%#! &';&! -6#-%7(J! @-! &%! &'(! ;>(! %+! B%47(4&=! &'(! B'$:6;#<$;47J! i4:F! &'(! -;#(4&! ';7! &'(! ;6&'%#$&F! &%! [6(7&$%4! &'(! B'$:<M7! 7(B6#$&F! $4&(#(7&! 3'$:(! &'(! B'$:(!%+!B%47(4&!+%#!&'(!7&;&(!$4!3'$B'! $&! #(7$<(7=! &'(! @4$&(#%34! B'$:'! B%..(#B$;:! #(.((! %+! B%47(4&! #(:(;7(7! &'(! B'$:!7(#L$B(!&%!&'(!B'$:<M7!4(3!.;7&(#7G!&'(!@4$&(;4!7(B6#$4>!$&7!$4&(#(7&!$4!B'$:<#(4!;#%64$7&#;&$%4! %+! :$L(! /$#&'7=! B'$:<#(4! B%6:! &'(! ;>(! %+! .;f%#$&F! &%! <(B$<(! +%#! &'(.7(:L(7J! a6&! 4%3! &'(! ,&;&(! -:;B(7! $&7(:+! ;7! -#$.;#F! :(4<(#=! <$7;::%3$4>! -;#(4&7! +#%.! <%$4>! ;7! &'(F! -:(;7(! 3$&'! &'(! B'$:! %+! ;>(=! %#! %+! &'(! ;>(! %+! B%47(4&=! $7! 3'(4! &'(! ,&;&(! &#;47+(#7!+#%.!&'(!B'$:<M7!-;#(4&7!&%!&'(!B'$:4;&6#(=!;4
^

^

^

^

)C&'!N.(4<.(4&=!)7&!B:;67(G! RN::! -(#7%47! /%#4! %#! 4;&6#;:$Z(&%4=!\JAJ=!%#!(:7(! &'(! /$#&'! $7! #(>$7&(#(<=! $J(J! #(B%#<(<=! $4! j;7'$4>&%4=! \JAJ=! %#! 7%.(! %&'(#! g(<(#;:!;>(4BFJ RK%!,&;&(!7';::!.;b(!%#!(4+%#B(!;4F!:;3!3'$B'!7';::!;/#$<>(!&'(!-#$L$:(>(7!%#! $..64$&$(7!%+!B$&$Z(47!%+!&'(!@4$&((4B$(7!$4!j;7'$4>&%4=!\JAJ=!%#!(:7(3'(#(=!7';::! 4%&!/(!L%$<(4&F=!3'$B'!#(+(#7!&%!;4F! -#$%#!B$&$Z(47'$-!;4!$4<$L$<6;:!%#!>#%6-!.;F!-%77(77!+#%.!';L$4>!/((4!/%#4! %#! 4;&6#;:$Z(! -#(L$%67:F! /((4! <(#$L(%L(#4.(4&7!&%!4%3!/($4>!<(#$L(%L(#4.(4&J RK%#!7';::!;4F!,&;&(!<(-#$L(!;4F!-(#7%4!%+!:$+(=!:$/(#&F=!%#!-#%-(#&F=!3$&'%6&! <6(! -#%B(77! %+! :;3kU! HH! R<6(! -#%B(77U! .(;47! &';&! B%..(#B$;:! -#%B(77=! B%..(#B$;:! :;3=! :;3! .(#B';4&=! Y(X! c(#B;&%#$;! DY;&$4! +%#G! :;3! .(#B';4&E=! 7';::! /(! &'(! .%<(! 3'(#(/F! 3(! ;#(! %#<(#(%L(#4.(4&H.;4<;&(!&';&!4%!%4(!$7!$..64(!+#%.!&'(! ;/$:$&F!%+!>%L(#4.(4&!&%!+:((B(!;4
)C&'!N.(4<.(4&=!C&'!B:;67(G! ^ R?'(! L;:$<$&F! %+! &'(! -6/:$B! <(/&U! JJJ! R$4B6##(! $476##(B&$%4! %#! #(/(::$%4=! 7';::! 4%&! /(! [6(7&$%4(<JU! ]! ?'$7! .(;47! &';&! >%L(#4.(4&! %++$B$;:7! ;#(! 4%&! ;::%3(%L(#4.(4&M7! (X$7&(4B(=! 4%#! ;#(! &'(F! ;::%3(%L(#4.(4&M7! ;BB%64&;/$:$&F! 3'$B'! +6#&'(#7! &'$7! :;&&(#! &'%6>'&! %+! 64#(7%:L(;/$:$&FJ!?'$7!#(.$4<7!.(!%+!;!-'#;7(!&';&!&'(!O9,!:%L(7!&%!#(-(;&!$4! &'($#! +%#.! :(&&(#7! 3'$B'! &'(F! 7(4(4(#;:! :$b$4>! &%! 3'(4(L(#! ;4F%4(! %+! &'(7(! -(%-:(! (7-%67(! B(#&;$4! $<(;7! %#! :$L(! B(#&;$4! -#;B&$B(7! %#! -#%B(<6#(7! %+! &;X;&$%4! 3'$B'! &'(! O9,!<%(74M&!;--#%L(!%+=!(L(4!&'%6>'!&'(!O9,!.;b(7!&'(7(!%&'(#!-%77$/$:$&$(7! ;L;$:;/:(J! ]! “This matter is closed for discussion and you will be fined for raising it again.”! ]! ?'$7! $7! %/L$%67:F! ;4! (X(#&$%4! %+! -%:$&$B;:! -#(776#(!%4!&'(!-;#&!%+!&'(!O9,=!4%&!%4(!%+!7B%-$4>!%6&!;4F!7%#&!%+!(!(##%#! %+! -#%B(<6#(! &';&! 4((<7! B%##(B&$4>J! ,%! %+! B%6#7(=! $&! $7! ;! -(#7%4;:! .;&&(#! %+! [6(7&$%4$4>! -%:$&$B;:! (X-(<$(4BF! %#! B%.+%#&H.%<(G! 3'$B'! -%:$&$B;:! 7%L(#($>4&F!<%(7!%4(M7!7(:+!3$7'!&%!/(!;:$>4(!(X;B&:F! Rj'%!$7!%4(M7!7(:+!<(;:$4>!3$&'lU!$4!%#<(#!&%!.;b(!&'$7!B'%$B(!%+!;:$>4.(4&l! N4! R\%(7! &'$7! 7%L(#($>4&F! ;B&6;::F! (X$7&! D%6&7$<(! &'(! 7(:+E=! %#! ;.!O!<#(;.$4>lU ^ R$4! 76--#(77$4>! $476##(B&$%4! %#! #(/(::$%4=U! .(;47! &';&! ;4F! /(4(+$&7! %#! -#$L$:(>(7!;BB(-&(<=!%#!#([6(7&(<=!+#%.!>%L(#4.(4&!;<.$&7!&';&!&'(!#(B($L(#!

%+! &'(7(! /(4(+$&7! $7=! %#! ';7! /((4=! $4! ;! 7&;&(! %+! $476##(B&$%4! %#! #(/(::$%4! ;>;$47&!&'(!>%L(#4.(4&=!%#!;4F!%+!$&7!%&'(#!$4&(#:%Bb$4>!;>(4B$(7!%#!-#$L;&(! B%4&#;B&%#7=!$4B:6<$4>!/;4b7!;4! ;>(4BF! %#! -#$L;&(! B%4&#;B&%#M7! +;$:6#(! &%! >$L(! 67! $&7! /67$4(77!$+!3(!<%!4%&!-#%<6B(!;!L;:$6$:&! /(+%#(! (L(4! /($4>! $4<$B&(6$:&!$7!-#(<$7-%7((! (.;4;&$4>! +#%.! >%L(#4.(4&J! ,%=! F%6! <%4M&! ';L(! &%! /(! ;! #(:$>$%67! +64<;.(4&;:$7&! $4! 67$4>! a$/:$B;:! [6%&;&$%47! %+! %6#! 76--%7(<=! $4'(#(4&! $.-(#+(B&$%4! ;46$:&! &%! f67&$+F! &'$7! ;&&$&6<(! %4! &'(! -;#&! %+! >%L(#4.(4&J! ?'$7! $7! ;:#(;6;#<=! &'(! +%%&7%:<$(#7=! %+! %6#! +%#($>4!$4L;<(#7!D7'%#&:F!;+&(#!&'(!A$L$:!j;#EJ )I&'!N.(4<.(4&G! ^ R?'(!#$>'&!%+!B$&$Z(47!%+!&'(!@4$&($7&(#=!%#! &%! -:(<>(! ;::(>$;4B(J! 9(>$7&#;&$%4! &%! L%&(! <%(74M&! L%$4&F=! /6&! ;::%37! &'(! @4$&(4%#(! $&! +%#! &'(! -6#-%7(! %+! (X(#B$7$4>! $&7! %34! 7%L(#($>4&F! %L(#! &';&! $4<$L$<6;:J! ,%L(#($>4&F! $7! <(#$L(6$7'(<=! &'(! ,(:+M7! ,%L(#($>4&F! $7! (&(#4;::F!-;#;.%64&J!a6&!#(>$7&#;&$%4!$7!&'(!+$B&$%4;:!.%<(!%+!L%$<$4>!,(:+H ,%L(#($>4&F! /F! &'(! $4<$L$<6;:! B#(;&$4>! ;! ,&#;3.;4=! ;! :(>;:! (4&$&F! DR(47! :(>$7U=! $4! Y;&$4E! $4! &'(! +%#.! %+! ;! .$##%#(4;&6#(! d7((! /(:%3eE=! 3'$B'! >%L(#4.(4&7! ;4;4$Z;&$%47! 3$::! &'(4!;&&;B'!&%!&'(!,(:+J ^ R,%L(#($>4U! .(;47! +#((H3$::! ;4$L(4!;44&FJ! Y$+(! ;44&F=!+%#!/%&'!:$+(!;4$:;4B(U!$4!&'($#! <(+(47(J!a6&!4%&!7%!3$&'!+#((H3$::=!4%#!3$&'!b;#.;J!n;#.;=!+%#!&'(!'6.;4=!$7! 64;L%$<;/:(J! g%#! ;4>(:7! ;4=! $7! ;:7%! 64;L%$<;/:(! D;4>(:$B! /($4>7! ;4(:7! ;4!3$&'$4!;4!;4$.;:H:$b(!4(#L%67!7F7&(.k!;4%! $7! ;! /F-#%<6B&! %+! /($4>! ;! '6.;4! /($4>! %6&! %+! &%6B'! 3$&'! '$.=! %#! '(#=! 7(:+J! N4$.;:7! ;4(:7! B;44%&! /(! %6&! %+! &%6B'! 3$&'! &'(.7(:L(7=! .6B'! :(77! -#%<6B(!;4!(>%=!+%#!&'(F!<%!4%&!';L(!&'(!+#((<%.!%+!7(:+H3$::+6:4(77!&%!<(4F! &'(.7(:L(7! &'($#! %34! (! ,(:+J! O&! $7! 7(:+H;3;#(4(77=! ;4
7;.(=!3'$B'!.;b(7!&'(!'6.;4!<$L$4(!$4!-%&(4&$;:!;44&F! $7! %6#! /$#&'H#$>'&J! g#((H3$::! $7! %6#! '(#$&;>(J!n;#.;!$7!%6#!B%47B$%674(77J!,(:+H;3;#(4(77!$7!%6#!7%6#B(=!B%6#7(=! ;4%;:!%+!/($4>J Ń g%%&4%&(G! 96.%#! ';7! $&! &';&! a(4! g#;4b:$4! B;f%:(!+#%.!'$7!%#$>$4;:!<#;+&!&'(!67(!%+!&'(! &(#.!R-#%-(#&FU!3$&'$4!8(++(#7%4M7!\(B:;#;&$%4!%+!N.(#$B;M7! O4<(-(4<;4B(! +#%.! &'(! a#$&$7'! c%4;#B'F! 3'$:(! #(&;$4$4>! &'(! -'#;7(7! %+! R:$+(=! :$/(#&F=! ;4#(77! %+! &'(! )C&'! %+! iB&%/(#! )TTC! 67(7! &'$7! -'#;7(%:%>F! $4! $&7! +$#7&! #(7%:6&$%4! %+! &';&! <%B6.(4&! +6#&'(#! <%34! &'(! -;>(J! ?'%.;7! 8(++(#7%4! -;&&(#4($4$;! \(B:;#;&$%4! %+! 9$>'&7! <#;+&((!c;7%4J )o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b(4;&6#(=!$J(JG!p)q!$&! B;4!/(!&;b(4!&%!B%6#&!;4(.(4&!%+!$&7!&(#.7=!%#!(:7(!p2q! &'(!%/:$>;&$4>!-;#&F!B;4!/(!:$(4(;$47&!D3'$B'!$7!f67&!;7!>%%<=!%#!/(&&(#=! 7$4B(! .%#(! 3(;:&'! B;4! /(! (X&#;B&('! ;! :$(4! &';4! &'#%6>'! ;! B%6#&! %#<(#rE=! %#! (:7(! p*q! $&! B;4! /(! 7%:'&! 7((! 7%.(! -#%+$&!B%6:;$4(!6-!7%.(%4(!(:7(M7!<(/&7!DA'$4;!;4(7&!+%#($>4!'%:<(#7!%+!@4$&(4;&6#(U!$7!3';&(L(#!7$>4;&6#(!3(!-:;B(!%4!>%L(#4.(4&!;4! -#$L;&(! <%B6.(4&7=! %#! ;4F! ;--:$B;&$%4! +%#! /(4(+$&7! ;4(7J! ,%.(&$.(7=!;!/(4(+$&!%#!-#$L$:(>(!$7!4%&!3';&!3(!3%6:! &;X;/:(r! O&! $7! &'(! 7$>4;&6#(! 3'$B'! $7! 7;4B&$%4('! %6#! /(:$(+! $4! &'($#! +$B&$%4;:! :;37=! &'$7! 7;4B&$%4(4;&6#(! $7! &'(4! ;&&;B'(! &'(! +%64<;&$%4!+%#!&'(!<(:67$%4!&';&!3(!';L(!/#%b(4!7%.(!:;3J!O4!%&'(#!3%#<7=! #(L(#7(!:%>$B!$7!$4$&$;::F!/($4>!67(!:%>$B!+#%.! $&7! B$#B6:;#! B%.-:(&$%4k! $J(J=! &'(! B%4B:67$%4! <(7$#($B! +:%3! $7! #(L(#7(
+%#3;#!&'(!B%4B:67$%4!4%3! ;--(;#!&%!/(!-#(<$B;&(6.(4&7=! $4! &'$7! B;7(=! [6$&(! %+&(4! ;4! ;--(;:! &%! ;6&'%#$&F! %#! &%! -%-6:;#! 3$7<%.!D;!L;#$;4&E!;#(!%+&(4!67(<J!?'(!;BB67(#!$7!;B&6;::F!.;b$4>!;4!%++(#!&%! 7%.(%4(! &';&! '(S7'(! $7! ;! :;3/#(;b(#! ;4%L(#4.(4&!$7!.(#(:F!+$4<$4>!;!B%4L(4$(4&!3;F!&%! +:((B(! &'(! -6/:$B! 6&$:$Z$4>! :(>;:$Z(<=! B%..(#B$;:! -#%B(77(7! ;&&;B'$4>! ;! >%L(#4.(4&HB#(;&(4;&6#(=!;44;&6#(J! ?'$7! ;&&;B'.(4&! $7! <%4(! &'#%6>'! <(:67$%4;::F! B$#B6:;#=! %#! /$<$#(B&$%4;:=!:%>$B!&';&!7%.(!:;3!.;F!';L(!/((4!/#%b(4=!'(4B(=!3(!.67&!/(! >6$:&FJ! a6&! 4%! :;3! $7! (L(#! /#%b(4=! %4:F! &'(! #(L(#7(! %+! -6/:$B! -%:$BF! ';7! %BB6#(! ;! -%#&$%4! %+! >%L(#4.(4&! <(/&! %6&! %+! &'(! -6/:$B! (B%4%.$B! -%%:!;4!7%.(!76Bb(#!&%!;&&;B'!$&!&%J!?'(#(!$7!4%!+$B&$%4;:!:;3=!B%<(=! 7&;&6&(=!%#!#(>6:;&$%4!+%#!67!&%!/#(;bJ!N::!:;37!';L(!&%!/(![6;:$+$(!-%$4&!3$&'$4!&'(!A%47&$&6&$%4=!3'$B'! [6;:$+$(7!&';&!:;3J!i&'(#3$7(=!&';&!:;3!$7!46::!;44%#(<J!N:7%=!3$&'$4!%6#!B6##(4&!B%#-%#;&(!<(.%B#;&$B!>%L(#4.(4&! D7$4B(! &'(! B:%7(! %+! &'(! A$L$:! j;#E=! ;::! :;37! ';L(! &%! /(! /%4<(%L(#4.(4&;:!/%'&!B'%%7(!&%! $.-%7(! &';&! :;3! 6-%4! &'(! -%-6:;B(! ;>;$47&! ;4F! -6/:$B! :$;/$:$&F! 3'$B'! &'(! (X(#B$7(! %+! &';&! :;3! .$>'&! $4B6#! ;>;$47&! &';&! >%L(#4.(4&;:! /%'!%6#!/(:$(+=!%6#!3$::$4>!$>4%#;4B(!%+!&'(!B6##(4&!7$&6;&$%4=!&';&! ;::%37! 67! &%! L%:64&;#$:F! 7(#L(! %6#! 4(3! .;7&(#7! ;4$L(! &'(.! &'(! B%47(4&! &'(F! 4((;4$Z;&$%4! 3'$B'! #([6$#(7! ;! L;:$;4$Z;&$%4M7!;B&$L$&$(7=!76B'!;7G!;!/;4b=!+%#!$47&;4B(J! ,%=!4%&!;::!-#$L;&(!B%4&#;B&7!;#(!%6&7$<(!&'(!/%64<;#$(7!%+!&'$7!<$7B677$%4J O4!;<<$&$%4=!7&;&(.(4&7!/F!;!-%:$B(!%++$B(#!%#!;!f6<>(JJJ! ^ Rj';&!$7!F%6#!4;.(lU!.(;47G!N::%3!.(!&%!7&;#&!;!B%4&#;B&!/$4<$4>!F%6!%4! F%6#!4;.(!;4;$47&! F%6#! :$;/$:$&F! ;46$:&! 7%! &';&! O! .;F! +$::! $4! &'(! ;.%64&! ;&! .F! <$7B#(&$%4! ;4! ;::! %+! &'(! L;#$%67! '$7&%#$B;:! #(B%#<7! 3(! ';L(! %4! +$:(! ;77%B$;&((4B$(7!DB#(<$&!/6#(;67=!-%:$B(=!\(-;#&.(4&!%+!c%&%#! _('$B:(7=!(&BJE!&%!&'(!+6::!(X&(4&!%+!&'(!:;3J 5OK?G!! A%47$<(#! B%.-;#$4>! &'(! :;&(#! A%47&$&6&$%4! 3$&'! &'(! (;#:$(#! N#&$B:(7! %+! A%4+(<(#;&$%4J! cF! +;L%#$&(! -%$4&! %+! B%.-;#$7%4=! $7! &';&! the original Articles of Confederation allow the States to coin their own money=!$4!;<<$&$%4!&%!&'(!@4$&(#;-'!+%6#J!N46:;&$4>! &'(! ;::%F! ;4;&(7!&%%!.6B'!-%3(#!&%!A%4>#(77!&%!/(!&'(!7%:(! ;6&'%#$&F! +%#! B%$4$4>! .%4(FJJJ;! ';#/$4>(#! %+! 3';&! 3;7! &%! B%.(=! 4;.(:FG! &'(! g(<(#;:! 9(7(#L(! NB&! %+! )0)*! &#;47+(#$4>! &'$7! 7%:(! ;6&'%#$&F! &%! ;! 4%4H>%L(#4.(4&;:! B;#&(:! %+!

-#$L;&(!/;4b7J!N4! F%6#!&;X(7!;4'&!$4!7$>'&r!a6&!$&!<%(7!.(;4=!&';&!$+!F%6!<%!3;4&!&%!7&%-! -;F$4>!F%6#!&;X(7!;4'&!$4!7$>'&=!&'(4!F%6!3$::!4((4&F!#([6$#(7!&'$7!%+!67J 2J \(&;B'! F%6#7(:+! +#%.! (L(#F! 7$>4;&6#(! ;6&'%#$Z$4>=! %#! #([6$#$4>=! 7%.(! %#! ;4%&'(#! >%L(#4.(4&;:! ;>(4BF=! %#! -#$L;&(! %#>;4$Z;&$%4=! &%! +:((B(! F%6! 3$&'! 7;4B&$%47=! %#! -#$L$:(>(! F%6! 3$&'! /(4(+$&7J! s%6! .$>'&! ';L(! &%! 67(! ;4%&'(#! 7$>4;&6#(!&%!<%!&'$7r *J Y$L(! &'$7=! ;4$(7J!A#(;&(!F%6#!%34!#(;:$&F!;4'!&%!$&7!4;&6#;:!B%4B:67$%4!;4<S%#!<(L(:%-.(4&J!O+!$&!';7!&'(!76--%#&! %+!4;&6#(=!&'(4!$&!3$::!4;&6#;::F!>#%3!;4! ;4! $4! -(;B(=! -#%7-(#$&F=! ;4(!&';&!F%6!b4%3!3'%!F%6!;#(!;4'r CJ ,&%-! +%B67$4>! %4! 3';&! :;37! F%6! .$>'&! /(! /#(;b$4>=! MB6Z! $&! <%(74M&! .;&&(#J! g%B67!$47&(;'&! D;! #$>'&! &';&! B;44%&! /(! B%..(#B$;::F! :$(4(<=! $J(J! +:((B(<E! &%! /(! ;! 7%L(#($>4!64<(#!&'(!A%47&$&6&$%4M7!A%..%4!Y;3=!4;.(:FG )J \%4M&! '6#&! ;4F%4(=! $4B:6<$4>! &'(! :$&&:(! ;4$.;:7JJJ?'(F! ;#(! B'$:<#(4!%+!m%=!(7-(B$;::F!;4F%4(M7!-#%-(#&FJ *J \%4M&! /#(;b! F%6#! B%4&#;B&6;:! %/:$>;&$%47! 3$&'%6&! +$#7&! L%$<$4>!&'(.J IJ Y;37! ;#(! 4%&! .(;4&! &%! /(! /#%b(4k! 4%#! <%! &'(F! 4((! +$B&$%4;:!7%:6&$%47!&%!b((-!67!64<(#!&'($#!;6&'%#$&FJ!a6&!#(;:!-#%/:(.7!4((! $4! &'(! +$#7&! -:;B(k! 4%&! :;37! &%! 76--#(77! %6#! $47&$4B&! &%! &(7&! +:;3(! %+! -(#+(B&$%4J!`X;.-:(G!&#F!4%&!&%!#64!;!#('&J!?'(!-#%/:(.!$7!4%&!3$&'!&'(! :$>'&=! 4%#! 3$&'! ;4F%4(! #644$4>! &'#%6>'! $&J! ?'(! -#%/:(.! $7! ';L$4>! ;4! $4&(#7(B&$%4! D;&! ;::E! #([6$#$4>! &'(! 76--#(77$%4! %+! %6#! 4;&6#;:! $47&$4B&! &%! &#;L(:!64$.-(<('!&'(!#%;<3;FJ!iL(#-;77(7!;:%4>!3$&'!64<(#-;77(7=! %#! .;77! &#;47$&=! %#! 7$.-:F! <(7$>4$4>! %6#! B$&$(7! $4&%! 7.;::(#! 3;:b;/:(! 64$&7=! ;#(! &'(! 7%:6&$%47J! ?'(! -#%/:(.! $7! 4%&! 3$&'! 7%B$(&F=! 4%#! 3$&'! :;>>;#%L(#4.(4&J!m%L(#4.(4&!$7!;4F&'$4>!/6&!:;>>;#<J!?'(!-#%/:(.!$7!';L$4>!;! +%#($>4!>%L(#4.(4&!';L$4>!L;4[6$7'(!%6#7(:L(7!&%!&'($#! ;6&'%#$&FJ!j(!:$L(!64<(#!;!B%#-%#;&(!<(.%B#;BF!+%#($>4!&%!&'(!-#$4B$-:(7!%+! 7%L(#($>4&F! ;4
oJ ?'(! B%4B:67$%4! %+! ;::! %+! &'$7=! $7! &';&! $&! $7! 64<(7(#L$4>! %+! 67! &%! +((:! ;4F! '%7&$:$&F! &%3;#<7! &'(7(! +%%&7%:<$(#7=! &'(! L;4>6;#! B%#-%#;&$%47=! &'(! B%6#&7! ;4'! B:%7(! (4%6>'rEJ! N4F! (! &#;47+%#.;&$%4! %+! &'(! B6##(4&! 7$&6;&$%4! 3%6:=! %#! &#;7'$4>! ;4=! ;&! :(;7&! &'(! :;&&(#! -;#&! %+! &'(! A%47&$&6&$%4! 7&;#&$4>! 3$&'! &'(! )*&'! N.(4<.(4&! ;4! &'(#(;+&(#J! N4(&! &%! $4B:6<(! &'(! %#$>$4;:! )*&'! N.(4<.(4&!&';&!';7!4(L(#!/((4!#(-(;:(<=!/6&!3;7![6$(&:F!<#%--(
Updating this Knowledge Under Public Policy !! !! !! !! !! !! 5%67(! 8%$4&! 9(7%:6&$%4! )02! %+! &'(! I&'! %+! 864(! )0**! <%(7! .%#(! &';4! .(#(:F! <$7B';#>(!%6#!<(/&7!$4&%!&'(!-6/:$B!(B%4%.$B!-%%:!%+!B%::(B&$L(!b;#.;J!O&!;:7%G! )J \$7B';#>(7!()*!%+!%6#!%/:$>;&$%47!%+!-(#+%#.;4B(!;7!3(::J Ń ,%=! 4(X&! &$.(! F%6! >(&! ;! 76..%47! &%! <%! ;4F&'$4>! 64<(#! &'#(;&7! %+! -64$7'.(4&=! f67&! #(.(./(#! &%! 3#$&(! ;! b$4<:F! 4%&(=! ;:%4>! 3$&'! ;! -#%.$77%#F! 4%&(=! B(#&$+F$4>! &';&! F%6! -#%.$7(! &%! -(#+%#.! F%6#! <6&F! $4! ;BB%#! &%! -;F! 64<(#! -6/:$B! -%:$BF! $7! 4%! <$++(#(4&!&';4!<$7B';#>$4>!;4F!%&'(#!%/:$>;&$%4J!i/:$>;&$%47! ;#(! -(#+%#.;4B(7! %+! L;#$%67! &F-(7k! -;F.(4&! $7! .(#(:F! %4(! &F-(J! a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

&'#%6>'!;4F3;Fl!i#=!.;F/(!&'(F!';L(!F%6!%4!7%.(!7%#&!%+! B%4&#;B&6;:! L$%:;&$%4=! $J(J! F%6! 7$>4(! ;4%$4>!&%!.;b(!7%.(!.%4(F!%++!%+!F%6#!7$>4;&6#(!%4(! 3;F!%#!;4%&'(#!3'(&'(#!F%6!-(#+%#.!%#!4%&l!j';&(L(#!F%6! <%=!4(L(#!7$>4!;4F!.;#b!%+!;4F!b$4'! 3$&'! F%6#! -#%.$7(J! O&M7! /(&&(#! &%! 4(L(#! 7$>4! ;&! ;::=! &'(4! &%! 7$>4! ;4(&! %6&! %+! -(#+%#.$4>! &'(! -#%.$7(J! ?'$7! $7! 3'F! O! (4>$4((#!.F!%34!-#$L;&(!-#%.$77%#F!4%&(!&%!7$>4!$4!+#%4&!%+! &'(!-%:$B(!%++$B(#=!#;&'(#!&';4!3;4&!&%!7$>4!'$7!&$Bb(&!D3'$B'! 3$::!>(7&;&(!$4&%!;4!$4&(#4;&$%4;:!/$::!%+!(XB';4>(E=!/(B;67(! O!-#(+(#!.F!&(#.7!%+!(4<(;#.(4&!%L(#!7%.(%4(!(:7(M7J!a6&!$+! F%6ML(! >%&! $<(;7! %+! F%6#! %34! %4! '%3! &%! (L;<(! F%6#! -#%.$7(7=!&'(4!/F!;::!.(;47=!>%! +%#! &'(.J! O! f67&!&'$4b!&';&! $4&(4&$%4;:! +:$-H+:%--$4>! D;7! %--%7(E! <%(74M&! '(:-! &'(! (L%:6&$%4! %+! B%47B$%674(77J! O&! $7! *+,%! B%47B$%67! <(L(:%-.(4&! &';&! 3$::! <(&(#.$4(! &'(! %6&B%.(!%+!*+,%!B%..(#B$;:!-#%B(77(7J 2J 589! )02! ;:7%! ;::%37! +%#! &'(! #(L(#7(! +:%3! %+! -(#+%#.;4B(! %/:$>;&$%47! D$4B:6<$4>!$&7!(++(B&!%+!-#%L$<$4>!+%#!&'(!(--#(%().#/+0/!"#/-(*&#)!/+0/1#2!! 64<(#! -%$4&! t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g(<(#;:! ;>(4BF! $4! j;7'$4>&%4=!\JAJ!3+5/(/6!(!#7(1&$)$6!#%#1/-%+4%(&/8"$."/ -(%!$.$-(!#6/$)/9#1#%(::*/&(!."$)4/0,)16/$6/(00$:$(!#1/8$!"/ ;,2:$./;+:$.*<

(Negotiable) Pubes Politeia: An Examination of the Birth Certificate !!!!!!!!!!!!?'(!a$#&'!A(#&$+$B;&(=!%#!A(#&$+$B;&(!%+!Y$L(!a$#&'=!$7!;!7(B6#$&F!$4&(#(7&!#(>$7&(#(%L(#4.(4&!+%#!.%4(&$Z$4>!

<(/&=!$J(J!&'(!B#(;&$%4!%+!.%4(FJ!O&!$7!&'(!+):*!$47&;4B(!3'(#(/F!46<$&F!h!+,%/)(=#1)#66/ +0/ "+8/ 8#/ .(&#/ $)!+/ !"$6/ 8+%:1/ 8$!"/ )+/ -%$+%/ (00$:$(!$+)6/ +%/ +2:$4(!$+)6! h! $7! 7(B6#$&$Z('&!&%!+(<(#;::F!+:((B(!;4;&(! 67!3$&'!%6#!B%47(4&!h!%+!B%6#7(rEJ!RO&!$7!;>;$47&!"6/:$B!"%:$BFU!d+%#!;4F%4(!&%!:(>;::F!'$b(! $4! &'(! 46<(! D4%4H:(3<:F! ;4! &'(! 64$4B%#-%#;&((:(7e=!;7![6%&(!+#%.!&'(! :$-7!%+!%4(!%+!&'(!B$&F!;&&%#4(F7!%+!Y%7!N4>(:(7J!?'$7!$7!$4<$B;&$L(!%+!'%3!%6#!4;b(<4(77! 3%6:%L(#4.(4&! .$>'&! ;&&;B'!&%!&'$7!7(B6#$&F!D$J(J=!a$#&'!B(#&$+$B;&(E=!/(B;67(!$&!3%6:! 7(:+! $7! &'(! 7%6#B(! %+! &'$7! +$B&$%4;:! (4&$&FJ! N4!$7! $4<$B;&$L(!%+!%6#!7&;&$%4!$4!:$+(!;7!3(::!;7!/($4>!;!7(./:;4B(!%+!;!&$&:(!%+!4%/$:$&F!D3'$B'! $7!-#%'$/$&($L(7!67!R-6/:$B!%++$B(U!;:%4>!3$&'!&'(!/(4(+$&7!;4%&$;/:( @4<(#! "6/:$B! "%:$BFk! 64<(#! g(<(#;:! f6#$7<$B&$%4k! ;! &$&:(! %+! :$;/$:$&F! 64<(#! B%..(#B$;:!:;3!D&'(!@4$+%#.!A%..(#B$;:!A%<(E!3'$B'!$7!&#;47+(#;/:(!;4$)!?!Y%%b!6-!&'(!B%..(#B$;:!B%<(!$4!F%6#!7&;&(J!O&!.$>'&!.;b(!+%#! 7%.(!L(#F!$4+%#.;&$L(!#(;<$4>r "6/(7 "#%4%64B(#%$4J!A%.-;#(!3$&'!-,2$6!DY;&$4! 7$4>6:;#!%+!-6/(7E=!+#%.!3'$B'!-,2$.!$7!<(#$L(<J i#$>$4;::F=! &'(! .;:(=! ;<6:&! -%-6:;&$%4! %+! ;4B$(4&! 9%.(! B%.-#$7$4>! &'(! B$&$Z(4#F! %+! $&7! B$&FH7&;&(7J! 5(4B(=! &'(! 3%#<7G! -6/:$B! ;46;>(!&';&!B%.(! +#%.!&'(!7;.(!#%%&EJ!dc$<<:(!`4>:$7'!publik=!+#%.!i:'&7!%+!;!B$&$Z(4=!B$&$Z(47'$-J R5%3!3(!:$L(!;7!-(%-:(UJ A+&-(%#/8$!"/;+:$!$=(/BƴǎNJLjIJLjljƾC?/D!"#/!"$)46/.+).#%)$)4/!"#/-+:$6E< "%:$7 A$&F=!B$&FH7&;&(=!B$&$Z(47'$-!D+%#!;!<$7&$4B&:F!9%.;4!B%.-;#$7%4G!7((!B$L$&;7EJ ,$4>6:;#G!-%:$7!DȺǗNJLjǐEJ ":6#;:G!-%:($7!DȺǗNJİLjǐEJ !!!!!!!!!!!!?'(!7$>4$+$B;4B(!'(#(!$7!&';&!%6#!4;b('&!$7!.%4(&$Z(!%+!;<%:(7B(4&!7(X6;:!;(!%+!;--#(4&$B(7'$-!&%!;! .(./(#!%+!&'(!;<6:&!.;:(!-%-6:;&$%4=!$J(J!$&7!B$&$Z(47J!O4&(#(7&$4>:F!(4%6>'=!&'(!3%#
R-%:$B(U!$7!;!<%6/:(&!%+!&'(!3%##(77$%4;::F!+(<(#;:=!"6/:$B!"%:$BF!$7! (4+%#B($L(4! B$&FJ! i6#! g(<(#;:! >%L(#4.(4&! $7! ;4;:%>%67! &%! &'(! ,&;&(! %+! &'(! ;4B$(4&! m#((bM7! B$&FH7&;&(=! /(B;67(! %6#! B$&FH7&;&(! ';7! >#%34! &%! .;.%&'! -#%-%#&$%4!7-;44$4>!&'(!3'%:(!>;.6&!%+!+(<(#;:!f6#$7<$B&$%4G!+#%.!&'(!4;&$%4;:!&%!&'(! .64$B$-;:J! !!!!!!!!!!!!R"6/(7!"%:$&($;U!B%6:47l!O&!$7=!&';&!7%L(#($>4&F!<(#$L(7!+#%.!&'(!,(:+M7!+#((H3$::=!+#%.!%6#!4;b('&! &%! /(! 64;&&;B'(;&$%4J! ,-(B$(! D>%:'&J!n;#.;!$7!#(-#(7(4&(4(4(!&'(!7(B6#$&$Z;&$%4!%+!%6#!+$B&$%4;:$Z(+6-$!(:6/4#!/(/2+),6/0+%/ #'#%*/ :$'#/ 2$%!"/ 8"$."/ !"#*/ %#4$6!#%/ 8$!"/ !"#/ .+,)!*$7&(#($7&(#(&%4=! \JAJM7! \(-;#&.(4&! %+! A%..(#B(! ;7! ;! 7(B6#$&F!$4&(#(7&=!$&!B%.(7!64<(#!"6/:$B!"%:$BFJ!;,2:$./;+:$.*/8(6/$)$!$(!#1/$&$(!#:*/ 2#0+%#/ A+)4%#66/ 2#4()/ !"#/ -%+.#66/ +0/ %#4$6!#%$)4/ :$'#/ 2$%!"66;#<$;47=!&'(4!$&!$7!B%47$<(#((!%+!.;f%#$&F!h!&'(!;>(!%+!B%47(4&!h!&'(!;>(!$4!3'$B'! 3(!B;4!(4&(#!$4&%!B%4&#;B&7!64<(#!&'(!;6&'%#$&F!%+!%6#!%34!7$>4;&6#(J!

A Few Points of Comparison Between our Current Democracy And our Previous Republic Republic

Democracy

`:(B&%#;&(!

A%#-%#;&(!_%&(#7!

,6/7&;4B(!

Da(;6#;B#;B&$BE!"#%B(<6#(!

"#(7(4&!F%6#7(:+! /(+%#(!;!86#F!

s%6!;#(!9(H-#(7(4&(
"6/:$B!i++$B$;:!

a(;6#;B#;&!

A%..%4!Y;3!

A%..(#B$;:!Y;3!

m%:
";-(#!

A#$.(!$7!5;#.+6:!

g:((B(!/F!A%47(4&!

O4'(#(4&:F!O44%B(4&! m6$:&F!/F!\(7$>4! ,&;&(!,%L(#($>4&F!

g(<(#;:!DA(4&#;:$Z(<E! 86#$7<$B&$%4!u!N6&'%#$&F!

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b$4>! %6&! $4! &'(! B%6&#F7$<(! %4(! <;F! 3'(4! '(! 7;3! ;! 7'(-'(#6(77! '%3! .;4F! 7'((-! F%6! ';L(=! 3$::! F%6! :(&! .(! ';L(! %4(lU! ?'(! 7'(-'(#;$4=! 7%! '(! ;>#((7J! Rs%6! ';L(! CIT! 7'((-=U! &'(! /(;6#;B#;&! ;473(#7! B%4+$<(4&:FJ! N.;Z(<=!&'(!7'(-'(#6(77!3';&!F%6!<%!+%#!;!:$L$4>=!3$::!F%6!:(&!.(!';L(!.F!-%7(77$%4!/;BblU! ?'(! /(;6#;B#;&! ;>#((7=! ;4! <%34! ;44%#;4&!%+!&'(!+;B&7JU!]!?'%.;7!8(++(#7%4!

Related Documents


More Documents from ""