Radio Graphic Testing Procedure Gamma

Project No. EPC FOR ASAB FFD PROJECT Document No.

PROCEDURE FOR GAMMA RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING 1

WORK MAY PROCEED

2

REVISE AND RESUBMIT. WORK MAY PROCEED SUBJECT TO INCORPORATON OF CHANGES INDICATED.

3

REVISE AND RESUBMIT. WORK MAY NOT PROCEED

4

REVIEW NOT REQUIRED. FOR INFO ONLY

5

CANCELLED / DELETED

By:

A

REV.

Date:

INITIAL DOCUMENT

DATE

ORIGINATOR

REVIEWED

APPROVED

DESCRIPTION

THIS DOCUMENT IS INTENDED FOR USE BY ADCO AND ITS NOMINATED CONSULTANTS, CONTRACTORS, MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS.

SUBCONTRACT No.

ITEM: PIL JOB No.

ORIGINATOR :

LTIS Doc. No. ADCO DOC No :

WBS Code : 000

Contract No : PROJ. No :

Page 1 of 24

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE.................................................2 2.0 REFERENCES............................................3 3.0 EXTENT OF EXAMINATION.................................3 4.0 SAFETY................................................3 5.0 PERSONNEL.............................................4 6.0 EQUIPMENT.............................................4 7.0 MATERIALS.............................................4 8.0 PREPARATION...........................................5 9.0 CONSIDERATIONS........................................9 11.0

METHOD.............................................10

14.0 REPORTS.............................................22 15.0 RECORDS.............................................22

1.0

SCOPE This procedure outlines the minimum requirements for the radiographic testing (RT) of process and utility piping using gamma ray methods for detection of discontinuities in welds and Heat effected zone in carbon steel and stainless steel in accordance with ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section V.

DOCUMENT TITLE: RADIOGRAPHY INSPECTION PROCEDURE

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2.0

REFERENCES •

Lonestar Safety Manual

•

ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A ; 2001 Edition

•

Lonestar Written Practice.

•

Lonestar RT Safety

•

Lonestar RT Emergency

•

ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section V Articles 2 & 22 ; Edition 2007, 2009b addenda

•

ASME Code for process piping B31.3 ; Edition 2008

•

ASTM E 94: Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination

•

ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, Divisions 1 & 2 ; 2007 Edition

•

ADCO Specification, WS-1 Rev 2

•

Project Spec 14.99.37 (1704 Shop & field fabrication of metallic piping

•

DEP 30.10.60.18 welding of metals (Amendments) / Supplements to API RP582.

•

DEP 31.38.01.31 Shop & field fabrication of piping

3.0 EXTENT OF EXAMINATION Extent of examination shall be as per client requirements

4.0

SAFETY All personnel shall be aware at all times of hazards both of site and method in order to prevent accident or injury to self or others. 4.1

General Care shall be taken in using electrical items ensuring undamaged wiring, correct plug for socket, correct voltage; for handling materials, e.g. processing chemicals, wash hands immediately after use, flush eyes with lukewarm water in event of contamination, avoid smoking, eating and drinking whilst using products.

4.2

Radiological Protection Radiography shall only be carried out at the area under protected conditions so that the radiography personnel and any near-by working personnel shall not be subjected to radiation doses exceeding the permitted levels. Precautions shall be taken when using remote control gamma ray projectors (cameras) by way of radiation alarm instruments; radiation surveys meters, warning boards, warning lights, and effective cordoning off of the surrounding areas while taking radiography. Radiography personnel shall wear TLDs or film badges, pocket alarms and dosimeters to monitor operations.

DOCUMENT TITLE: RADIOGRAPHY INSPECTION PROCEDURE

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Radiation survey meters shall be used for any movement, including transportation, involving the projector containing radiation sources and before, during and after exposure Thorough physical checks shall be carried on taking any radiation producing equipment to jobsites, when removing from and returning to, secure storage (pit) to monitor for any physical damages and establish good working condition. All personnel working in or near radiation areas shall observe the ALARA principle.

5.0

PERSONNEL Personnel conducting radiography on behalf of Lonestar shall be qualified at least one of the following, a) Personnel conducting the test shall be qualified in Radiographic Testing in accordance with SNT-TC-1A. b) Personnel having other qualification such as PCN may use this procedure with specific written approval of Client authorized representative. 5.1

Vision Personnel performing examination shall have vision, with correction if necessary, as follows, a) Near vision acuity: capable of reading Jaeger J-2 or equivalent on standard chart at a distance of not less than 300 mm (12 in). Test shall be administered annually. b) Color contrast vision: shall be able to differentiate the contrast among shades of grey used in method. Test shall be administered annually.

6.0 EQUIPMENT Gamma ray projectors are, portable remote control type B(U) certified, Tech-Ops 660 rated 3.74 TBq (100 Ci) maximum, D-880 rated 5.5 TBq (150 Ci) maximum of Ir 192 and other approved and certified models shall be used.

7.0

MATERIALS Film a) Selection The films used shall conform to ASTM/ASME specification E 94/SE 94 table 2 and be of high contrastor ultra fine grain, high contrast films which qualify as Type 1 & II ASTM 1818-96. Class I Film

: Agfa Structurix D4, Kodak MX 125, Fuji IX 50

Class II Film

: Agfa Structurix D7, Kodak AA 400, Fuji IX 100

DOCUMENT TITLE: RADIOGRAPHY INSPECTION PROCEDURE

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Selection of films shall be determined by material by material type and thickness, radiation energy, source size, source to film distance and sensitivity requirements. For gamma ray radiography of thickness less than 10 mm class 1 film shall be used. Films, both un-exposed and exposed, shall be preserved in a place free from heat, light, pressure, radiation, chemical fumes, smoke, excessive humidity and at temperatures not more than 300C. Films shall be used before expiry date as marked by the manufacturer. b) Processing All films shall be processed carefully in accordance with time, temperature and chemicals parameters per ASME Section V Article 22, SE- 94. Normal development time is 5 to 8 minutes at 200C (680F). The film shall be agitated horizontally and vertically for few seconds to disperse any air bubbles in each minute during development time to ensure even processing. Radiograph presented for interpretation shall be free from process marks, artifacts, pressure marks or any other marks at the area of interest on the film. Intensifying Screens a) Only lead intensifying screens of thickness 0.125 mm shall be employed for radiography using Gamma-ray method. Where necessary, single use lead foil associated with pre-packed film may be used. b) Screens shall be used in pairs and placed either side of film. c) Screens shall be free from scratches, dents, dirt or the like

8.0 8.1

PREPARATION Surface The weld to be examined shall be free of irregularities such as weld ripples, spatter, grinding, chipping, other irregularities or extraneous material that may interfere with interpretation of radiographs. The weld reinforcement of butt welds shall not exceed the acceptable limits. 8.2

Source Selection Gamma rays source Ir-192 and/or Se-75 shall be used for radiographic testing. However gamma rays Ir-192 and/or Se 75 shall be utilized provided radiographic sensitivity shall be demonstrated as required. The maximum source size shall be 3x3mm.

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8.3 a)

Image Quality Indicator Selection The DIN image quality indicator (IQI) or equivalent conforming to SE 747 subject to Client’s approval shall be used. Nominal single wall thickness plus permitted reinforcement shall be considered for selection of applicable IQI. For radiography involving DWDI technique the single wall thickness plus allowable reinforcement shall be considered for selection of IQI. Backing strips shall not be considered in selection of IQI

The selection of IQI shall be in accordance with ASME Section V Article 2, T-276 as follows: IQI

Nominal Single-Wall Material Thickness Range in

Source Side Wire-Type

Hole-Type

mm

Film Side

Designation

Essential Wire

Wire-Type

Hole-Type Designation

Essential

Up to 0.25, incl.

Up to 6.4, incl.

12

5

10

4

Over 0.25 through 0.375

Over 6.4 through 9.5

15

6

12

5

Over 0.25 through 0.50

Over 9.5 through 12.7

17

7

15

6

Over 0.50 through 0.75

Over 12.7 through 19.0

20

8

17

7

Over 0.75 through 1.0

Over 19.0 through 25.4

25

9

20

8

Over 1.0 through 1.50

Over 25.4 through 38.1

30

10

25

9

Over 1.50 through 2.0

Over 38.1 through 50.8

35

11

30

10

Over 2.0 through 2.50

Over 50.8 through 63.5

40

12

35

11

Wire type image quality indicators, SE-747 Wire no

Wire no

Wire no

Wire no

Wire no

Wire no

Ø mm

Ø mm

Ø mm

Ø mm

Ø mm

Ø mm

A

1/0.08

2/0.10

3/0.13

4/0.16

5/0.20

6/0.25

B

6/0.25

7/0.33

8/0.41

9/0.51

10/0.63

11/0.81

C

11/0.81

12/1.02

13/1.27

14/1.60

15/2.03

16/2.5

D

16/2.5

17/3.2

18/4.06

19/5.1

20/6.4

21/8.0

Set

b)

Wire

Number of IQI(s) Required

DOCUMENT TITLE: RADIOGRAPHY INSPECTION PROCEDURE

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•

For unidirectional exposure at least one IQI shall appear on each radiograph. Should the density of radiography vary by more than –15% to + 30% from density measured through the body of IQI then additional IQI(s) shall be used to cover the other densities.

•

For panoramic exposure where one or more film holders shall be used then at least three IQIs shall be used being placed approximately 1200 apart or as per written specification of client.

•

For panoramic exposures when covering only a section of circumference at least three IQIs as one at the center with the other two at each of the ends shall be used.

c)

Placement •

The IQI shall be located on the source side of the weld being radiographed except when inaccessibility prevents hand placing of the IQI. In such case then the IQI may be located on film side with lead marker ‘F’ shall be placed adjacent to IQI.

•

The plane of the IQI shall be normal to the direction of the radiation beam and identity of the IQI shall be visible on the radiograph. The identity of IQI or ‘F’ shall not obscure the area of interest.

•

Wire IQI shall be placed near to the end of film of weld being radiographed. The length of wire shall be perpendicular to the length of weld. The lower diameter wire shall be towards the end of the radiograph and the whole IQI shall be placed adjacent to or on the weld.

•

When size or configuration of the object prevents locating IQI on the object it may be placed on a separate block of the same material and thickness as the part being radiographed as close as possible to the object.

d)

Identification A system of permanent identification shall be provided on the radiographs with the following details. a.

Client’s name and job number.

b.

Drawing or spool number.

c.

Joint number / welder number.

d.

Date of radiographic examination.

e.

Shot numbers – location markers.

f.

Letter ‘R’ if it was after repair and RT for retake.

g.

The location (of location markers) shall be marked on the part radiographed.

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h.

Location markers shall be mounted on the part under examination, not on the exposure holder/cassette.

Location markers shall be kept on source side or film side as illustrated in figures below.

Source side acceptable Film side unacceptable

Source side acceptable

Film side unacceptable

Flat component or longitudinal seam

Curved components with radiation source to

(See sketch (e) for alternate)

film distance less than radius of component

(a)

(b)

Film side acceptable Film side unacceptable

Film side unacceptable

Curved components with convex surface towards radiation source

Film side acceptable

Curved components with radiation source to film distance greater than radius of

curvature (c)

(d)

Either side location marker is acceptable

D

t X

Mf

X

Source side marker alternate Flat component or longitudinal seam

Curved component with radiation source at center curvature

x = (t / D) (Mf / 2)

(f)

x = additional required coverage beyond film side location marker

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t = component thickness Mf = film side location marker interval D = source to component distance (e)

9.0 CONSIDERATIONS 9.1

Sensitivity Sensitivity shall be demonstrated with a technique to achieve the required sensitivity of 2% or better as per client’s requirements The required diameter wire shall be visible on radiograph, unless a higher or lower quality is agreed with the Client A radiograph shall be considered acceptable if the contour image of the specified diameter wire is seen on the radiograph

9.2

Un Sharpness Source to object distance shall be selected to attain a minimum geometric unsharpness. This is given by the following formula: Ug = Ft / d Ug

=

Geometric un-sharpness

F

=

Size of the source

t

=

Distance from source side of the object to film

d

=

Source to object distance determined at the approximate centre

of area of interest. The source to object distance shall be so that the resulting geometrical unsharpness shall not exceed the following given values WELD THICKNESS, mm Up to 50 Above 50 to 75 Above 75 to 100 Above 100 9.2

MAXIMUM GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS, mm 0.51 0.76 1.02 1.78

Density The density adjacent to the required wire of IQI on the diagnostic area of a radiograph shall be 2.0- 3.5 for single film viewing for radiographs made with gamma source. The maximum density for either single or composite viewing shall be 4.0. A tolerance of 0.1 in density shall be allowed for variations between densitometer readings.

9.3

Back Scatter A lead marker ‘B’ of 13 mm height and 1.5 mm thickness shall be fixed on the back of each film holder to check for backscattered radiation. A white image of the letter ‘B’ on radiograph indicates insufficient protection from backscatter and radiographs shall be

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considered unacceptable, however a black image of letter ‘B’ shall not be a cause for rejection.

10.0

CALIBRATION The densitometer shall be calibrates by utilizing a standard step tablet having at least 05 steps with neutral densities from 1.0 to 4.0. Step wedge calibration film shall be valid for one year upon opening, provided it is within manufacturer stated shelf life. Calibration of the densitometer shall be carried out in three (3) month intervals. Calibration shall meet the requirements of T-262 of ASME Sec V, Article 2.

11.0

METHOD The radiography technique for the different types of joints shall be selected from the details given below. 11.1

SWSI Technique For radiography of long seams of larger diameter shells, test plates or for larger diameter pipe / shell when part of circumference is radiographed keeping source outside or inside, for panoramic technique i.e. source at the center of the axis, for pipes of lower diameter where the placement of source is possible to keep inside and on the opposite wall (approximately opposite to the center of the area under radiography), the SWSI technique shall be selected.

(b) (c) Exposure Arrangement for Single Wall Single Image

11.2

DWSI Technique The DWSI technique shall be used for radiography of pipes diameter more than 88.9 mm and for higher diameter shells (both sides closed vessels) where placement of films inside is not possible.

Minimum three or more shots shall be taken to cover the full weld while using this technique.

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(a)

(b) Double Wall Single Image 11.3

DWDI Technique For pipes of diameter less than 88.9 mm diameter two shots at 900 to each other shall be taken. The two weld images shall be separated in the radiograph for complete coverage of weld evaluation. Care shall be taken to meet geometric unsharpness value is below the acceptance level.

Double Wall Double Image 11.4

Double Wall Superimposed Technique When using super imposed image technique, a minimum three shots shall be taken at 600 or 1200 to each other on pipe joint. Care shall be taken while marking repair location on the job.

Double Wall Superimposed Technique

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12.0

EVALUATION 12.1

Viewing Conditions The radiograph shall be evaluated / viewed in a room with a subdued background lighting of intensity such that no reflections, shadows or glare appear on the radiograph. The illuminator shall provide sufficient variable light intensity to evaluate any radiograph having 2.0 to 4.0 density range.

12.2

Quality Radiographs shall be free from all mechanical, chemical or other blemishes. Such blemishes may include storage, processing and / or handling faults.

12.3

Interpretation Only certified RT level-2 personnel shall interpret the radiographs and evaluate the testing results. A copy of the contracted code / standard criteria shall be available for reference during the interpretation.

12.4

Diagnostic Film Length It is essential to ensure full coverage of area of interest by overlap with individual radiographs. Consideration shall be given to each exposure regarding thickness of the material penetrated at the extremities of the readable area of interest. This area shall be measured in the direction of the incident beam at that point shall not exceed 10% of the thickness being examined.

13.0

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

Imperfections revealed in Radiographic testing shall be accepted or rejected in accordance with the Reference Code as applicable. Some typical imperfections and the acceptance criteria is given below: Typical Weld Imperfections

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Lack of fusion between weld bead and base metal

(b) Lack of fusion between adjacent Passes

(a) Side Wall Lack of Fusion

Incomplete filling at root on one side o nly (c) Incomplete Penetration due to Internal Misalignment

Incomp lete filling at root (d) Incomplete Penetration of Weld Groove

Root bead fused to both inside surfaces but center of root slightly below inside surface of pipe (not incomplete penetration

Internal undercut (f) Undercut

(e) Concave Root Surface(Suck-Up)

(g) Excess External Reinforcement

13.4 Table-3:

ASME B31.3 table 341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria

for Welds and

Examination Methods for

Evaluating Weld Imperfections

DOCUMENT TITLE: RADIOGRAPHY INSPECTION PROCEDURE

Examination Method Weld Imperfection

Radiogr aphy

Criteria (A to M) for Types of Welds and for Service Conditions (Note (1) ) Normal and Service Category D Category M Cyclic Fluid Service Fluid Service Conditions Type of Weld Type of Weld Type of Weld

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Fillet (Note (3) )

)Girth, Miter Groove & Branch Connection (Note (4)

Fillet (Note (3) )

Girth, Miter Groove

Longitudinal Groove (Note (2)

A

A

√

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

√

A

C

A

B

A

N/A

A

√

N/ A

C

A

E

E

N/A

D

√

N/ A

N/ A

N/ A

N/ A

G

G

N/A

F

√

N/ A

N/ A

N/ A

N/ A

H

A

H

A

√

A

I

A

H

N / A N / A H

A

A

A

A

-

A

A

A

A

A

N/A

N/A

N/A

J

-

J

N/ A

N/ A

N/ A

N / A

K

K

N/A

K

√

N/ A

K

K

N/ A

K

L

L

L

L

-

L

M

M

M

M

A N/ A N/ A

Branch Connection (Note (4) )

Longitudinal Groove (Note (2) ) A

Fillet (Note (3) )

)Girth, Miter Groove & Branch Connection (Note (4) A

A

Crack

√

A

Lack of fusion

√

B

Incomplete penetration

√

Internal porosity

√

Internal slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indication Undercutting Surface porosity or exposed slag inclusion (Note (5) ) Surface finish Concave root surface (suck up) Weld reinforcement or internal protrusion

a) Weld imperfections are evaluated by one or more of the types of examination methods given, as specified in paras. 341.4.1, 341.4.2, 341.4.3 and M341.4, or by the engineering design.

b) “N/A” indicates the Code does not establish acceptance criteria or does not require evaluation of this kind of imperfection for this type of weld. c) Check (√) indicates examination method generally used for evaluating this kind of weld imperfection.

RADIOGRAPHY INSPECTION PROCEDURE

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√ -

GENERAL NOTES:

DOCUMENT TITLE:

√

DATE : 14 OF 24

√ -

d) Ellipsis (-) indicates examination method not generally used for evaluating this kind of weld imperfection. 13.4.1 Symbo l A B

C D E

F

G H I J K

Criterion Value Notes for Table 341.3.2 Criterion Acceptable Value Limits ( Note Measure (6) ) Extent of imperfection Zero (no evident imperfection) Depth of incomplete penetration ≤ 1 mm (1/32 in.) and ≤ 0.2 Tw Cumulative length of incomplete ≤ 38 mm (1.5 in.) In any 150 mm penetration (6 in.) weld length Depth of lack of fusion and ≤ 0.2 Tw incomplete penetration cumulative ≤ 38 mm (1.5 in.) in any 150 mm length of lack of fusion and (6 in.) weld length incomplete penetration ( Note (7) ) Size and distribution of internal See BPV Code, Section VIII, porosity Division 1, Appendix 4 For Tw ≤ 6 mm (1/4 in.) limit Size and distribution of internal is same as D porosity For Tw ≤ 6 mm (1/4 in.) limit is 1.5 x D Slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indication Individual length ≤ 2Tw /3 Individual width ≤ 2.5 mm (3/32 in.) and ≤ Tw /3 Cumulative length ≤ Tw in any 12 Tw weld length Slag inclusion, tungsten inclusion, or elongated indication ≤ 2Tw Individual length ≤ 3 mm (1/8 in.) and ≤ Tw /2 Individual width ≤ 4 Tw in any 150 mm (6 in.) Cumulative length weld length Depth of undercut ≤ 1 mm (1/32 in.) and ≤Tw/4 ≤ 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) and ≤ [Tw/4 Depth of undercut or 1mm (1/32 in.)] Surface roughness ≤ 500 min. Ra per ASME B46.1 Total joint thickness, incl. Depth of root surface concavity weld reinf., ≥ Tw

L

Height of reinforcement or internal protrusion ( Note (8) ) in any plane through the weld shall be within limits of the applicable height value in the tabulation at right, except as provided in Note (9). Weld metal shall merge smoothly into the component surfaces.

M

Height of reinforcement or internal protrusion ( Note (8) ) as described in L. Note (9) does not apply.

Height mm (in.) ≤ 1.5 (1/16) ≤ 3 (1/8 ≤ 4 (5/32 ≤ 5 (3/16)

For Tw mm (in.) ≤ 6 (1/4) > 6 (1/4), ≤ 13 (1/2) > 13 (1/4), ≤ 25 (1) > 25 (1) Limit is twice the value applicable for L above

Table 341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Welds and Examination Methods for Evaluating Welds Imperfections (Cont’d) NOTES: DOCUMENT TITLE: RADIOGRAPHY INSPECTION PROCEDURE

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(1) (2)

Criteria are given for required examination. More stringent criteria may be specified in the engineering design. See also paras. 341.5 and 341.5.3 Branch connection weld includes pressure-containing welds in branches and fabricated laps. Longitudinal groove weld includes straight and spiral seam. Criteria are not intended to apply to welds made in accordance with a standard listed in Table A-1 or Table 326.1. Alternative Leak Test requires examination of these welds; see para. 345.9. Fillet weld includes socket and seal welds, and attachment welds for slip-on flanges, branch reinforcement, and supports. These imperfections are evaluated only for welds ≤5mm (3/16 in.) in nominal thickness. Where two limiting values are separated by “and,”_ the lesser of the values determines acceptance. Where two sets of values are separated by “or”, the larger value is acceptable. Tw is the nominal wall thickness of the thinner of two components joined by a butt weld. Tightly butted unfused root faces are unacceptable. For groove welds, height is the lesser of the measurements made from the surfaces of the adjacent components; both reinforcement and internal protrusion are permitted in a weld. For fillet welds, height is measured from the theoretical throat, Fig. 328.5.2A; internal protrusion does not apply. For welds in aluminum alloy only, internal protrusion shall not exceed the following values: (a) 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) for thickness ≤ 2 mm (5/64 in.) (b) 2.5 mm (3.32 in.) for thickness >2 mm and ≤ 6 mm

(3)

(4) (5)

(6)

(7) (8)

(9)

(1/4 in.) For external reinforcement and for greater thickness, see the tabulation for symbol L.

e)

Rounded Indications

The rounded indications characterized as imperfections shall not exceed that shown in the charts (Fig 4-1 to 4-8 as referred in ASME Sec viii Div.1). The charts in Figs. 4-3 through 4-8 illustrate various types of assorted, randomly dispersed and clustered rounded indications for different weld thicknesses greater than 1/8 in. (3 mm). These charts represent the maximum acceptable concentration limits for rounded indications. The charts for each thickness range represent full-scale 6 in. (150 mm) radiographs, and shall not be enlarged or reduced. The distributions shown are not necessarily the patterns that may appear on the radiograph, but are typical of the concentration and size of indications permitted.

TABLE 4-1

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Thickness t, mm

Less than 3 3 5 6 8 10 11 13 14 16 17 19.0 to 50, incl. Over 50 GENERAL NOTE:

Maximum Size of Acceptable Rounded Indication, mm Random Isolated 1/4t 1/3t 0.79 1.07 1.19 1.60 1.60 2.11

Maximum Size of Nonrelevant Indication, mm 1/10t 0.38 0.38 0.38

1.98 2.64 2.31 3.18 2.77 3.71 3.18 4.27

0.79

3.61 4.78 3.96 5.33 3.96 5.84

0.79

3.96 6.35 3.96 9.53

0.79

0.79 0.79 0.79

0.79 0.79

1.60

This Table contains examples only.

Fig. 4-1: ALIGNED ROUNDED INDICATIONS

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GENERAL NOTE: Sum of L1 to Lx shall be less than t in a length of 12t Fig. 4-2: GROUPS OF ALIGNED ROUNDED INDICATIONS

GENERAL NOTE: Sum of the group lengths shall be less than t in a length of 12t Maximum Group Length L = ¼ in. (6 mm) for t less than ¾ in. (19 mm) L = 1/3t for t ¾ in. (19 mm) to 2¼ in. (57 mm) L = ¾ in. (19 mm) fir t greater than 2¼ in. (57 mm)

Minimum Group Spacing 3L where L is the length of the longest adjacent group being evaluated

Fig. 4-3: CHARTS FOR t EQUAL TO 1/8 in. (3 mm to 6 mm), INCLUSIVE

a)

Random Rounded Indications ( See Note (1) )

b) Isolated Indication ( See Note (2) )

c)

Cluster NOTES: (1) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld (2) Maximum size per Table 4-1.

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Fig. 4-4: CHARTS FOR t OVER ¼ in. TO 3/8 in. (6mm to 10 mm), INCLUSIVE

(a) Random Rounded Indications ( See Note (1) )

b) Isolated Indication ( See Note (2) )

(c) Cluster

NOTES: (1) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld. (2) Maximum size per Table 4-1. Fig. 4-5: CHARTS FOR t OVER 3/8 in. to ¾ in. (10 mm to 19 mm), INCLUSIVE

(a) Random Rounded Indications ( See Note (1) )

a.

Isolated Indication ( See Note (2) )

NOTES: a) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld. b) Maximum size per Table 4-1.

Fig. 4-6: CHARTS FOR t OVER ¾ in. to 2 in. (19 mm to 50mm), INCLUSIVE DOCUMENT TITLE: RADIOGRAPHY INSPECTION PROCEDURE

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(a) Random Rounded Indications ( See Note (1) )

a.

Isolated Indication ( see Note (2) )

NOTES: a) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld. b) (2) Maximum size per Table 4-1. Fig. 4-7: CHARTS FOR t OVER 2 in. to 4 in. (150 mm to 100 mm), INCLUSIVE

(a) Random Rounded Indications ( See Note (1) )

(b) Isolated Indications ( See Note (2) ) NOTES:

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a)

Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm ) length of

weld c)

Maximum size per Table 4-1. Fig. 4-8: CHARTS FOR t OVER 4 in. (100 mm)

d) e)

Random Rounded Indications ( See Note (a) )

f) g) h) i) j) k) l) m) (b) Isolated Indication ( See Note (2) ) NOTES: DOCUMENT TITLE: RADIOGRAPHY INSPECTION PROCEDURE

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a) Typical concentration and size permitted in any 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld. b) Maximum size per Table 4-1. 13.2

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The “burn through” detected shall be evaluated as a lack of penetration or internal cavity

REPORTS Radiography report shall contain the following information as minimum, as described in Annexure – 1 of this document.

15.0

•

Report no

•

Client

•

Job no./ work order no.

•

Item description

•

Acceptance criteria

•

Length of weld / diameter of weld

•

Thickness and reinforcement

•

Welder No.

•

Welding process

•

Testing procedure

•

Testing technique

•

Number of radiographs (exposures)

•

Source type and activity (GBq)

•

Source size (focal spot)

•

Source to object distance

•

Distance from source side of object to film

•

Screen type & thickness

•

Film type and class

•

No of films per cassette

•

IQI identity & type

•

Sensitivity

•

Density

•

Date of test with technician name and signature

•

Date of evaluation (if different) with name and signature

RECORDS Where radiographs not handed to Client, all radiographs shall be stored for five years minimum or for duration specified by the Client at location free from potential damage and in a

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dry area to avoid fading and staining, with proper identity details on the package, refer to item 6.1.2 above.

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APPENDIX -1 Radiographic Inspection Report Form

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DOCUMENT TITLE: RADIOGRAPHY INSPECTION PROCEDURE

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