Rare Islamic Coins / By George C. Miles
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A’are /s/amic Coins BY
GEORGE C. MILES
THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
BROADwAY
AT 156TH STREET
NEW YORK
1950
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coPYRIGHT, 1950, BY THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC sociETY
COMPOSITION
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
BY PRINCETON
PRESSWORK
UNIVERSITY PRESS.
BY MERIDEN GRAVURE
CO.
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NUMISMATIC NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS Number 118
NUMISMATIC NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS is devoted to essays and treatises on subjects
relat
ing to coins, paper money, medals and decorations.
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PUBLICATION COMMITTEE HERBERT
E. IvEs, Chairman
ALFRED R. BELLINGER AGNES BALDw1N BRETT
THOMAs O. MABBOTT SAwYER.
McA.
MossER,
Editor
FOREWORD
\HIS
P-
is the first of
a projected
of contributions in
series
which it is proposed to describe inedited and rare Islamic coins for the most part in the Museum of the American Nu mismatic Society. To these have been added notable rarities in other public and private collections to which I have had access. Among the latter is the fine unpublished collection formed in Egypt by
|
Yacoub Artin Bey in the late nineteenth century, acquired by Robert C. H. Brock in 1902 and presented by him to the University
of
Pennsylvania Museum, whose authorities have generously placed the collection on temporary loan with the American Numismatic the Islamic coins
for example, the
certainly desirable, the American Numismatic Society, met, such catalogue the prohibitive expense could is
be
Museum
in,
complete catalogue of
if of
A
all
Society for purposes of publication.
of
to
of
of
be
is
on
as
of
as
in
in
this and other collections systematically, beginning nearly chrono with the earliest Muslim issues and proceeding logical order possible down through the successive dynasties the rare coins
to
of
to
be
Islam, need scarcely argued. Each rare coin has something add, sometimes trivial, sometimes quite significant, our knowledge
Islamic numismatics, history and geography. The orderly presenta of
to of
of a
a
of
of
of
tion this material should facilitate the eventual compilation complete corpus the coinages each the numerous Islamic gigantic undertaking, needless dynasties, say, and one which,
of
an
in
|
III
in
this collection have been published Society Museum Notes, (1948), “Some Early Arab
v
in
The American Numismatic pp. 93-114.
[
The Umayyad and early ‘Abbāsid dinars
article Dinars,"
in
spite
of
in
the already great mass edited coins, must still await many large and important the detailed description the rarities collections. *
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a
of
a
but even very large amount would involve the needless duplication already well known; both the cost material that the publisher scarcely commen and the effort the part the editor would publishing surate with the benefits gained. But the advantages
have been liberal: that
have
in
CO I NS is,
In determining “rarity” I
C
I
IS LA M I
RARE
a
or
numismatic literature. Thus, while
no
by
siderable number
of
a
have checked each specimen against the descriptions
in
the vast and often obscure
in
and (for me) the disproportionately unrewarding labor involved discovering whether given issue has has not been published
I in
to
of
I
in
cluded some pieces which have been published before and some which may have been edited, because have borne mind the many out-of-the-way publications, inaccessibility most readers
very
con
books, catalogues and articles, each search has
means been exhaustive.
tradition.
II.
the Sassanian
The
of
Post-Reform Umayyad Coinage, beginning with the earliest dinars and dirhams the purely Arab type, after the reform ‘Abd of
the decline
the ‘Abbāsid Caliphate
|
vi
{
and with the later Islamic empires, kingdoms and principalities both the East and the West.
in
evolved during the course
of
to
to
of
in
al-Malik, and continuing down the end the dynasty 132 A.H. (750 A.D.). III. The ‘Abbāsid Coinage, from 132 A.H. 656 A.H. Subsequent dynasties (1258 A.D.). volumes will deal with the which of
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Bukhārā and Tabaristān are
in
the Umayyad and ‘Abbāsid periods, for the early Muslim coins
of
I.
of
in
The present volume deals with rarities the three earliest di visions Islamic numismatics: The Pre-Reform Coinage, includ ing the Sassanian and Byzantine imitations. This section straddles
CONTENTS PAGE
FOREwoRD
ix
ABBREVIATIONS
I. THE
PRE-REFORM
CoINAGE
A. Arab-Sassanian Anonymous Governors Barbarous Imitations
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‘Abbāsid Coins of Bukhārā
:
Arab-Ephthalite
IO
Khwārizm
IO
‘Abbāsid Governors of Tabaristān
I2
Earliest African and Spanish Issues
15
Gold
15
Copper
C. Byzantine-Arab
II. THE
PosT-REFORM
I6 UMAYYAD CoINAGE
A. Gold
I9
B.
22
Silver
C. Copper
III.
27
THE ABBASID CoINAGE
A. Gold B.
C. Copper
INDICES
35
Silver 107
With Names of Mints
107
Mint Names Lacking or Effaced
I24 127
ABBREVIATIONS AGW=George C. Miles, Early Arabic The American
ANS=The
Society,
Numismatic
Monographs, no.
111,
Glass Weights and Stamps,
New York,
Numismatic
and
1948.
Museum of the American Numismatic
York.
Notes Society,
New
Berlin=Heinrich Nützel, Katalog der Orientalischen Münzen, I: Die Münzen der Östlichen Chalifen (Königliche Museen zu Berlin), Berlin, 1898.
I)
John Walker, A Catalogue of the Arab-Sas sanian Coins (British Museum), London, 1941. (in Sections II and III) Stanley Lane-Poole, Catalogue of Oriental Coins in the British Museum, London, 1875-1890.
BM=(in
Section
Casanova,
Casanova=P.
Inventaire sommaire de la Collection des
Qatalóght, Qustantiniyyah,
Dorn, Nova Supplementa=B. numorum
Muhammedanorum,
Islām. author's collection.
Ibn-al-Athir=Al-Kāmil
al-Ta'rikh, ed.
J.
GCM=the
editoris aucta,
Acad. Imp. Scient. Petersbourg, 1855.
of
I=Encyclopaedia
fi
of
E.
Petropolit. Additamentis
C.
censionem
1312.
Dorn, Nova Supplementa ad Re St.
Qadimeh-i-Islāmiyyeh
Tornberg, Leyden,
1867-1874.
of
JNSI=Journal JRAS=Journal
of of &
de
de
Ibn-Khaldün=Kitāb al-'Ibar, ed. Bülāq, 1284 A.H. Ibn-Khallikån=Wafayāt al-A'yān, ed. Slane, Paris, 1838; transl., London, 1843-1871. Slane, Paris the Numismatic Society India. the Royal Asiatic Society.
|
[ix
at
in
of
Khedivial Library=Stanley Lane-Poole, Catalogue the Collection Cairo, Arabic Coins preserved the Khedivial Library London, 1897. of
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Monnaies Musulmanes de S.A. la Princesse Ismail, Paris, 1896. Constantinople=Ismā'il Ghālib, Müze-yi-Humāyūn, Meskükät-i
RARE
IS LA M I C
CO I
NS
Le Strange, Lands=G. Le Strange, The Lands of the Eastern Cal iphate, Cambridge, 1930.
Le Strange, Palestine=Guy Le Strange, Palestine under the Mos lems, London, Petersbourg,
Muruj=Kitāb Murūj al-Dhahab,
ed.
Mey
de
Mas'udi,
Monet,
1896.
C.
St.
Markov=A.
1890.
Markov, Inventarnii Katalog Musulmanskikh Barbier
de
Pavet
Chronicle, London.
NHR=George
Miles, The Numismatic History
C.
NC=Numismatic
York, The American Numismatic Studies No. 2).
Society,
of
of
&
Courteille, Les Prairies d'Or, Paris 1861-1877. MMA=Metropolitan Museum Fine Arts, New York. nard
Rayy, New
(Numismatic
1938.
de
Lavoix, Catalogue des Monnaies Musulmanes Paris, 1887.
Bibliothèque Nationale,
du
et
Copenhague,
I,
Paris=Henri
Musée National
Turques
la
Cabinet Royal des Médailles Copenhagen, 1938.
de
du
NZ=Numismatische Zeitschrift, Wien. Østrup=J. Østrup, Catalogue des Monnaies Arabes
Academiae Imp. Scient. Petropolitanae, RN=Revue Numismatique, Paris.
St.
RA=Revue Archéologique. Recensio=C. M. Fraehn, Recensio Numorum Muhammedamorum Petersbourg,
de
ed.
Geoje
1879-1901.
St.
al., Leyden,
1826.
la
de
Numismatique Belge. RNB =Revue Tabari–Al-Tabari, Tar'ikh al-Rusul wa-al-Mulúk, et
Peters
Tornberg, Numi Cufici Regii Numophylacii miensis, Upsalla, 1848.
Hol
Ties.>W. Tiesenhausen, Moneti
Khalifata,
1873.
ad
numa Museo regio Holmiensi (Nova Acta ser.
[
riam Muhammedanorum Reg. Soc. Scient. Upsaliensis,
Tornberg, Symbolae
III,
|
IV=C.
x
Tornberg, Symbolae
J.
Tornberg=C.
ex
bourg,
vostochnavo
J.
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NNA=Nordisk Numismatisk Arsskrift.
vol.
IV),
rem
Uppsala,
1862.
R A RE
UM=Collection sylvania,
C
CO I NS
of the University Museum, University of Penn
Philadelphia;
Yāqüt=Mu'jam Zambaur,
IS LA M I
formerly Yacoub Artin Bey Collection. al-Buldán, ed. F. Wüstenfeld, Leipzig, 1866-1870.
Manuel–E.
de Zambaur,
Manuel de Généalogie
et de
Chronologie pour l’Histoire de l'Islam, Hannover, 1927. ZDMG=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.
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Z. für N.EZeitschrift für Numismatik,
[ xi
)
Berlin.
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I. THE PRE-REFORM
COINAGE
A. ARAB-SAssANIAN
Of approximately
150 Arab-Sassanian
coins
in the collection of
the American Numismatic Society, fifty-seven have been published
in John Walker's admirable Catalogue of the Arab-Sassanian Coins (British Museum, London, 1941). Except in one or two instances where
I
have felt that some minor emendation
is necessary
I
have
omitted reference to these published specimens in the following pages. They may be easily found in Walker's catalogue, designated vast majority of
“ETN” or “ANS”. The
Mr. Newell's collection incorporated has been with that of the Museum to which he devoted many years so of his life. In the present publication I have included
ANS and other collections unknown to Walker. part they For the most are minor varieties of published pieces, but a few are unique or quite unusual. With some exceptions I make no mention of specimens identical with those appearing in the
BM
catalogue. ANONYMOUS, WITH THE NAME OF KHUSRAU
Year
1.
30.
II
Dārābjird.
A
clipped specimen similar to BM No. 15 (p. 10), except that the obverse marginal legend, although obscure due to wear, appears not
Walker reads the mint signature a 3 as DR.' I would suggest the more apparent reading DP, a quite logical ab breviation, especially in view of the existing variant DAP." ANs (ex
Newell Coll.). 27mm., 2.72grm. PLATE
I
AR.
to be defective.
In
as
of
to
in
is a
to all
I
I
In
be
all
to
to to
by
and Arab-Săsânian
Coins,”
in
on Săsânian }
(“Mint-marks
1
Paruck
[
J.
pp. cili and cxvi.
D.
BM,
in
many other virtues, his exhaustive handling previously published Arab-Sas sanian coins spares the student the laborious searching, which have referred the foreword, usually incident publishing “rare and inedited” coins. consequence have and large been content refer only this work; other pertinent references can found there. of
Among
as
so
as
is
or
of
of
in
to
2
to
Referred this section the present volume simply BM. the sections dealing with the post-reform Umayyad coinage and the ‘Abbāsid coinage, the abbreviation BM refers the pertinent volume Lane-Poole's Catalogue Oriental Coins the British Museum. definitive, delight nearly Walker's catalogue one can wish, and use.
* * F.
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specimens from the
JNSI, VI,
R A RE 2.
IS LA M I
C
CO I NS
Year 30. Nihâwand.
RB 2 (p. 10), with the following exceptions: -AJH (BM signature No. 43a), and the star
Similar to BM No. the mint signature is
and crescent on the rev. are reversed, i.e., star
l. and crescent r. of
GCM
(Teheran, 1935). 30mm., 3.69grm.
3.
PLATE
Year
I
AR.
flame.
Dārābjird.
41.
is
it
(#. (ex Newell Coll.). 29mm., 3.3ogrm.
ANs
Year 45. Sistan. (p. 18). reading
of I
BM No. Th.
2
Identical with
reproduce this specimen
in
the
R.
is
it
confirms Walker's the date, which “faint, but almost certainly” 45. Thorburn Collection because
1946). 32mm., 4.08grm. PLATE
no
5.
I
GCM (Bombay,
Year 43(2). Sistán.
GCM
(Bombay, 1946). 32mm.,
4.01 grm.
above, except
in
No.
the
following particulars: breast
p.
Similar
5
Year 44(?). Sistän. to
6.
PLATE
I
AR.
I
a
to
is
in
in
to
Similar the above except the following particulars: breast &\e-; ornament; legend first quarter date --rel-e-. The date puzzle. With great hesitation suggest JHLSIH. me
in
is
as
|
de
of
I
2
by
in
[
of
to
of
of
be
105) read DP and made the vague suggestion that the mint might “located Dārābgard.” assigning BM mint agree with Walker the vicinity the district Dārābjird, and general with his consolidation marks Nos. 17-22 variants. The Morgan separate mints hypothecated number such writers Paruck and fantastic. 1944,
in
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4.
PLATE
I
AR.
*.*.: J) (-
l.
is
9
I.
(p. 17), probably identical, but not illus margin present specimen trated and the obv. not described. The shoulder, has: crescent over breast-ornament ..., and margin,
Cf. BM No.
A R A B-SAS SANIAN •
•; date
JHLJR
GCM
(Bombay, 1946). 32mm., 3.91grm.
be
to
of
the margin
these
MZD, Pahlevi mizd, “Lohn”=Persian
the year
No.
the final letter
and the Thorburn specimen
of is
more clearly written than
and
6
“valid currency.” On Nos. 4
sense
on
the
5
me mizd, muzd, “reward, premium, salary, wages, hire,” probably
of
-,
3
in
the first quarter
to in
The legend £N*-
of
PLATE
coins" appears
I
with much reserve. AR.
submit
-ca)-2-. This date also is very curious and
I
ornament
45.
no
25
7.
Year 48. Bishapür. of
in
to
(p. 19), but countermark, obverse mar Similar BM No. gin correctly written, and slight variation the epigraphy the
to
.
(similar
BM counter
obverse over beginning
the epigraphy AR.
variations
in
Three specimens similar
(p. 21), but with minor
the date and mint.
(ex Newell Coll.). 33,
31, 30mm. 3.89, 3.26, 3.38grm.
following particulars: ear
s.v.
II
p.
is
this legend on the Thorburn specimen. (Uppsala, 1928), (Uppsala, 1931), 53,
]
152; Steingass,
[
In
S.
* 6
the BM catalogue the only occurrence Nyberg, Hilfsbuch des Pehlevi,
Cf. H.
the
of
except
I
the above
3
Similar
in
Year 50(?). Bishápiir. to
10.
ANs
BM No.
33
Bishápiir.
of to
9.
50.
I
(ex Newell Coll.). 33mm., 3.93grm.
ANs
PLATE
Year
of
quarter
***6
&# of
second
AR.
11
mark No. Arabic legend.
in
above, but countermark
?)
to
Similar
. .
Bishápiir.
48.
-
*
8.
Year
I
AR.
(ex Newell Coll.), 32mm., 3.47grm.
ANs
PLATE
p.
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date.
IS LA M I C CO I NS
RA R E
o
Ji
ornament obverse margin 9 g. 6: r" (# (pellet, if any, under star and crescent at bottom, clipped); date somewhat obscure. (Teheran, 1935). 28mm., 2.75grm.
GCM
PLATE
I
AR.
&,
Governors
Dārābjird. Year 53=65
A.H. =684/5 A.D.
of
reverse
d".
in
of
fourth quarter
(Teheran, 1935). 31mm., 3.81grm.
GCM
applies
as
well
in
the Pahlevi legend
the
of
-
,
be
to
to
me (with the letter following) the description BM No. 48. The same ob
BM No.
(p. 103).
206
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
31mm., 4.02grm. PLATE
13.
52
Ziyād Bishāpür. Year
b.
II
AR.
servation
in
transcribed
to
not
as
as
that obverse margin appears
the present specimen
of
(p. 35). On BM No. the BM the third letter
in to
on
Similar
A.H. =686/7 A.D. 48
Kirmān. Year
12.
abi-Sufyan
A.H. =672 A.D.
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 33mm., 3.74grm.
is
clearly
on
[4
(ex Newell Coll.). 28mm., 2.76grm. PLATE
II
ANs
|
AR.
no
and there
A.H. =664/5 A.D.
(p. 47), but the breast-ornament additional pellet the neck.
BM No. is
•,
Similar
Āmir
68
Bishapür. Year to
14.
44
‘Abdullāh
b.
PLATE
II
AR,
in
of
no
a
9
to
(p. 38), but with Similar BM No. ANS minor difference the epigraphy the date, and countermark.
•
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67
PLATE
II
AR.
in
(p. 33), except: breast-orna crown; minor difference
8
date; and
r.
epigraphy
and nothing 7
*; star
l,
to
BM Nos. ANS
Similar ment clearly
of
11.
Zubayr
b.
‘Abdullah
A R A B-SAS
S
AN IAN
‘Ubaydullah b. Ziyād 15.
A.H. =677/8 A.D.
Basrah. Year 58
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
if
the
28mm., 3.36grm. PLATE
II
AR.
Similar to BM No. 80 (p. 58) (not illustrated), that is epigraphy of the date is the same.
83
BM No.
(p. 58), but date written AR.
Similar
AH-679/80 A.D.
Year 60
Basrah.
to
16.
kJ/0/.
(ex Newell Coll.). 32mm., 4.28grm.
ANs
of
to
of
to
62
of
61
of
Walker (BM, pp. 184-185) has made brief mention two speci Basrah, year Basrah, mens (similar BM No. 85), and one year (similar BM No. 87), two them from the Newell Col
Similar
b.
99
7B
9B.
Ziyād
A.H. =682/3 A.D.
BM Nos.
124ff. (p. 78), except that there
no
Marv. Year to
17.
63
Salm
to
in 60
NHR No.
to
of
was listed
(ex Newell Coll.), similar
is
104,
Rayy, year
in
BM No.
specimen
62
of
is
A
Coll.).
crescent
ANs (ex
Brand Coll.). 33mm., 3.43grm.
A.H. =686/7 A.D. of
as
interpretation the mint signature usually read the epigraphical difficulty inherent this reading. Paruck's counter-arguments (op. cit., pp. 99-10o), although the Parsik
form
of
in
to
with regard
J
[
to
cannot agree with the bulk dispute his statement am not equipped Balkh.
5
accept Walker's am inclined BM, pp. cxii-cxiii), spite
(see
Khāzim
of
Year
of in
BBA
Balkh.
to
I
7
18.
67
‘Abdullah
b.
PLATE
II
AR.
.
of
l.
is
#5, in shoulder, and there only one countermark over the the first quarter the obverse. Date poorly preserved and badly written.
I I
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he
lection, the other from the Wood Collection. Similarly has men (p. Rayy, year except tioned 186) one (similar BM No. .".), published my NHR, No. that the earring (ex Newell
the name
R A RE
BM No.
158
fou
over 64 of obverse margin.
A.Ş."
91), but countermark only, obverse margin, between the Arabic legend 172
of
second quarter
the flan. AR.
and the edge
A.H. =685/6 A.D.
BM No. of
in
Similar
(ex Newell Coll.). 33mm., 3.97grm.
ANs
(p.
Marv. Year to
19.
66
AR.
and countermark
(p. 88), but no crescent over the l. shoulder,
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 34mm., 4.06grm.
it
has the
BM No.
(p. 93).
182
only because almost the same position, just
same countermark
mention
it
Identical with
A.H. =688/9 A.D.
I
Marv. Year
in
20.
69
PLATE
II
Similar to
IS LA M I C CO I NS
AR.
Marv. Year
69
21.
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 34mm., 4.02grm.
A.H. =688/9 A.D.
foL
(pp. 92-3), but countermark
175ff.
A.H. =689/90 A.D.
foL
dif
first quarter.
(twice
over 64, and
first quarter.
că
in
to
(b) (c)
(p. 94), but with
in
I'
185
“l.
to
Three specimens, similar BM No. ferent countermarks, wit: (a)
P)
Marv. Year
Newell Coll.). 33mm., 3.68grm.
ANs (ex
in
22.
70
AR.
in
to
Similar BM Nos. only, third quarter.
third
the date.
One
p.
Walker,
of
191.
Newell Coll.). 34, 34, 34mm., 4.06, 4.02, 3.96grm.
J
6
ANs (ex
[
AR.
the specimens received mention
the epigraphy
by
There are minor differences
in
quarter.
of
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above (#.
ARA
B-SAS S AN IAN
‘Umar b. 'Ubaydullāh 23.
Ardashir-Khurrah. Year 70 A.H. =689/90 A.D.
3:
^
of
r.
J
no
of
r.
l.
no
..)
pellet over 1, shoulder; obv, margin **) ...-J1 •(*countermark; pellet pellet and mint signature;
5
Similar to BM No. Cam. 9 (p. 99), except in these particulars:
(ex Newell Coll.). 28mm., 2.93grm.
ANs
24.
67
PLATE
Bishapür. Year
II
AR.
date.
A.H. =686/7 A.D. (p. 99), except
in
194
the
to
Similar
L'o
195
and
p.
(p. 99), but ear-crescent doubtful, and fourth quarter.
AR.
countermarks
BM No.
A.H. =687/8 A.D.
(ex Newell Coll.). 33mm., 4.04grm.
ANs
Bishapür. Year to
Similar
BM No.
A.H. =688/9 A.D.
197
in
is
it
illustrated here because shows the margin, specimen. the reverse cut off the BM ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
32mm., 4.02grm. PLATE
J
7
[
to
is
Three specimens, which one similar (p. 110). The other two: (a) breast-ornament
BM No. Th.
14
A.H. =698/9 A.D. •;
Year
abi-Bakrah
•
Sistän.
of
27.
79
‘Ubaydullāh
b.
II
AR.
pellet
on
Walker (p. 193), but
(p. 100). This specimen received mention
it
26.
69
PLATE
II
Bishápiir. Year
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 2.57grm.
ANs
in
68
25.
by
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AR.
by
to
in
""
BM No.
;
to
following particulars: clipping; points obverse margin uncertain due Walker, no countermarks. Mentioned but not described 193. Similar earring
date obscure;
RA R E
IS LA M I
INS
CO
C
nothing l. and r. of flame; (b) breast-ornament
r";
•(?); pellet under
AR,
pellet and obscure stroke l, and r. of flame. GCM
(Bombay, 1946). 33, 32mm., 4.07, 3.98grm. PLATE
72
A.H. =691/2 A.D. as
in
mentioned Walker (p. 196). Although the legible, and the specimen differs some
is
obscure
it
is
date
is
This specimen
27b)
by
Kirmān. Year
28.
(No.
al-Aswad
b.
‘Atiyah
II
Ji
beginning of
•
the end. PLATE
II
as
publish
it
(p. 111).
I
74
BM No. Th.
here,
Thor
the
has not been illustrated. AR.
burn specimen
(ex Newell Coll.). 31mm., 3.91grm.
ANs
A.H. =693/4 A.D. 15
(Teheran, 1935). 28mm., 2.92grm.
GCM
PLATE
the
BM No.
b.
A.H. =694/5 A.D.
222 (p. 114). There
pellet after the date
BM specimen, although not described). AR,
(also
on
Similar
abi-Sufrah
is a
Bishapür. Year to
30.
75
Al-Muhallab
ANS. 32mm., 3.56grm.
A.H. =695/6 A.D. 230 (p. 118), but
remarkable interest and ANs
reproduce
it
here relatively good preservation.
I
BM No.
AR.
its
Identical with
III
Yüsuf
its
31. Bishapür. Year
76
Al-Hajjāj
b.
PLATE
view
III
in
Similar
to
Kirmān. Year
of
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29.
in
it
here:
AR.
letters
at
I
obliterated,
describe
no
Pahlevi inscription after © obverse margin; and the mint signature contains additional, but particulars
(ex Starosselsky Coll.,), 32mm., 3.82grm. PLATE
[8]
III
B UK
HARA
Barbarous Imitations 32.
Zaranj
(?). Date uncertain.
similar to BM No. 245 (p. 126). In both cases only part of the marginal Arabic legend is preserved, and the name of the mint is completely effaced. The epigraphy of the name in Pahlevi at the r. of the bust differs somewhat from the BM speci
Two
specimens
men, but specimen
HUSRUI
is undoubtedly
I
illustrated
the correct reading.
can make nothing
of the mint signature (if
any); on the other specimen it is defaced by The dates (?) are: and 22. AR.
-'
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
a
crack in the coin.
33, 32mm., 3.07, 3.0ogrm.
of
PLATE
(No.
32a)
Bukhārā
ANS
of
In
III
p.
of p.
of
collection there are three specimens the Bukhārā 163); one intermediate imitations (BM Nos. b.5-b.6, the type 164); nine with --> (BM No. 317, the 5-til type (BM, the
(i),
Nos. 319ñ., pp. 164-166), and three other specimens, described below. variant
33.
Bilingual,
with legend “Al-Mahdi al-Fadl li'lláh.”
Pl. I,
11,
p.
S.
le
de
de
of
One other example this very rare issue has been published (W. Tiesenhausen, Notice sur une collection monnaies orientales Stroganoff (St. Petersburg, 1880) M. Comte
il
5
of
(p. 167). The obverse No. 5=BM No. Ties. the present piece identical with the above. The reverse, which has never been
the inscriptions
Hor
made
of
head
flames. Nothing can
of
grotesque
be
the altar surmounted
by
fire altar and attendants, with
a
Walker assumed, the usual debased representa
(?). AR.
muzd
on a
tion
of
lustrated, bears,
as
is
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‘Abbāsid Coins
On the
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 2.93grm. PLATE
[9]
III
Arabic legend, ‘Ali Sulayman.
I
or
I
it to
ap
gle, -the
letters after the critical word the interpretation
the
the legend which discussed (BM, pp. xciv
of
letter
greatest difficulty
thoroughly and competently accept Walker's reading and argument for al-Amin, but so
Walker has xcvi).
a
bear
different dies, but essentially similar them, only because illustrate one
in
point
to
of to
pears
3-yl
of
of
published specimens.
Gle
I
They are
J3-2
3-
J-
...~
-
344-350 (pp. 168-9), bearing
BM Nos.
Ji
obverse legend:
INS
J
specimens similar to
~
the
Two
u.
34.
CO
C
4
IS LA M I
RA R E
must confess
scepticism about the suggestion
considerable
that
or
a
&
of
I
of
Sulayman”
“at the hands
of
an b.
“‘Ali
after gle are not clear; but does somewhat support one these two logical pos omitted word which would make the legend read
AR, ANS.
Sulayman.”
25, 25mm., 2.5I, 2.43grm. PLATE
III (No.
34a)
Arab-Ephthalite b.
17
by
b.
of
in
of
The two rare Arab-Ephthalite coins the ANS, one Rabi' (?), Ziyād (?), and the other ‘Abdullah Kházim have been Walker, BM Nos. ANS published pp. 20, and ETN 127-8.
(?),
turban
with
surrounded
necklace
ca. 795
=
A.H.
A.D.
riding prancing holding horse with trappings whip (?) upraised with left hand, and reins with right; Horseman,
r.,
king,
helmet
flaps behind;
two
Aramaic leg-
wears crested helmet
(?), with
flaps; quiver suspended [
r.
strands. Debased end
Ca. 179
10
|
crested by
wearing
head
(?).
r.,
Beardless
Yahyà
of
Al-Fadl
of
35.
b.
Khwārizm
at
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it
believe that sibilities; i.e.,
either
in
gle, because the letters(?)
or
5-4
of
to
an
of
two governors are present. Unfortunately the present argument specimen fails clinch favor concealed the names
diago
KH w ARIZM nally behind rider's legs; above croup, in finely engraved Kufic
Jail);
characters, end
around,
leg
in Khwārizmian charac
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 1.91grm.
ANs
Thomas
1870, and subsequently
by
III
W. Tiesen
Cunningham,
be
al-Birüni's
P.
list
by
1937-1938,
this type and
suggest the
with the names
the pre-Islamic
of
and
to
eighth centuries,
in
Material Culture
the issuing rulers
certain
conducted
excavations
of
to
third
of
kings given
the
of
result
Khwārizmian kings
establish the provenance
of to
identification
in of of
antecedents
of
the late eighth century
the Aphrigid dynasty. As
Tolstov has been able
S.
any doubt about the correct attribution
a
the present type
longer
the Soviet Institute for the History
Khwārizmian
dynasty.” the
Arab viceroy
Yahyā, who governed
of
of
issue
in
Barmecide al-Fadl
an
probability
b.
all
in
is
The particular type represented here, bearing the name al-Fadl, Khurāsān, the
the East from
177
=
so 4,
i
et
in
in
K.
10
A.
p.
à
en
of
of
J.
* * E. E.
Thomas, “Indo-Parthian Coins,” NC, 1870 pp. 142ff. JRAS, 1870, pp. 153ff. Rapson, “On the Attribution Fabric,” NC, certain Silver Coins Sassanian 1896, pp. 246ff.; Ed. Drouin, “Observations sur les Monnaies légendes Pehlevi RA, 1886, Pehlevi-Arabe,” 66; Markov, “Neizdannye arsakidskie monety,” ZVORAO, VI, pp. 265-304. Monety Shakhov Drevnego Khorezma Alfavit, Drevnekhorezmiiskii Vestnik
is
in
of
N.
of
is
It
1938, pp. 120-145. Drevnei Istorii, No. unfortunate that the illustrations accompany ing this article are poor. The following notes were written before the publication Frye's “Notes on the Early Coinage Richard Transoxiana” (Numismatic Notes and Monographs, No. 113, N.Y., 1949), which (pp. 196.) the present type discussed and
J
11
[
2,
in an
at
in
of
is
this particular piece illustrated. The results these excavations are summarized article by Henry Field and Eugene Prostov, “Excavations Khwarazm, 1937-1938,” Ars Islamica, Vol. VI, Pt. 1939, pp. 158-166. The coins are briefly discussed on pp. 164-5. 11
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of of
1938" there can
to
no
of
Rapson, Drouin, Markov and others." Their identification long mained uncertain, but since the publication Tolstov
its
hausen and
by
this and allied types were first discussed
in
Coins
E.
of
PLATE
in re
AR.
terS.
RAR E
IS LA M I C
C O
I NS
Other coins of similar type bear the name Ja'far, identified with Ja'far b. Muhammad, governor of to
179
or
180 A.H. =793-797 A.D.”
Khurāsān in
On both of these types Tolstov tentatively reads the Khwārizmian legend as ‘Abdullāh Shāh, the Muslim name of the probable Aphrigid ruler of the A.H. =787-789 A.D."
171-173
period.”
The weights of Tolstov's specimens with Arabic legends are: 2.05, 1.92, 1.44
and
1.32 grims.
‘Abbāsid Governors of Tabaristán ‘Umar b. al-‘Alā Name in Pahlevi Year
122 = 157
A.H. =773/4 A.D. of
r.,
P)
l.,
This coin is unique. Similar to BM No. 262 (p. 134), except in the following particulars: star and pellet pellet (and star
AR.
of
S
is
at
l.
r.
of
crown; star flame; date 'el) Pelul (the first and crescent missing because the coin has been pierced letter this point); pellet over mint name. (Teheran, 1935). 24mm., 1.91grm.
GCM
Name
in
PLATE
Pahlevi and Arabic
A.H. =776/7 A.D. (p. 136). Identical with BM No.
because
of
reproduce
it
I
40
B.
excellent preservation. AR.
its
III
Year 125=160
37.
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 1.92grm.
ANs
III
p.
is
of
pp. 629, 631, 637, 645. There some question about the period al-Fadl's Khurāsān; my NHR, pp. 67-8. Tolstov (op. cit., the discussion 131) in
III,
cf.
Tabari governorship
of
**
PLATE
J
12
of
be
to
is,
J.
p.
b.
135.
[
p.
p.
is
on
It
V,
ibid.,
of E.
to
of
to
787-795 A.D. and makes reference other reports the dates al-Fadl's viceroyship. Barthold (Turkestan down the Mongol Invasion, W. Gibb Memorial Series, N.S., London, 1928, pp. 202, 464) gives 794-795. course, not excluded that the Sulaymān (783-787 A.D.) (cf. Tolstov, loc. cit.). Fadl mentioned the coins al-Fadl *Tolstov, op. cit., 131; Tabari III, 609. gives
**
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36.
TABARISTAN Name in Arabic 38.
Year 127=162
A.H. =778/9 A.D.
AR.
Similar to BM No. 268 (p. 138), but no pellet over S of mint name.” (Teheran, 1935). 24mm, 1.87grm.
GCM
PLATE
III
Sulaymān 39.
Year 137=172 A.H. =788/9 A.D.
various differences
in
to
Six specimens similar
285-288 (pp. 144-5), but
BM Nos.
I
faulty obverse marginal inscription. AR. R.
(a) (b)
ANs GCM
reproduce two specimens only.
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 2.1ogrm. (Istanbul, 1942). 23mm., 1.76grm. PLATE PLATE
III
(No.
IV (No.
39a) 39b)
Year 138=173 A.H. =789/90 A.D. Similar BM No. 288 (p. 145), but with different neck-orna 209); Unvala lists none. mentation. This issue rare (cf. BM AR.
is
p.
to
40.
GCM
(Istanbul, 1942). 23mm.,
1.71
PLATE
grn.
IV
Jarir Year 135=170 A.H. =786/7 A.D. (p. 145), but breast-ornament ".", and Similar BM No. of 5
and
r.
l.
pellet (not star)
Z.
to
41.
flame. 25mm., I.92grm.
42.
AR. ANS.
F.
ANs (ex
J.
AR.
l.
r. to
(p.
Year 136=171 A.H. =787/8 A.D. 145), but breast-ornament Similar BM No. 289 star and of flame. Jones
Coll.). 24mm,
"...',
and
1.65grm.
to
as
be
I
]
13
[
in
to
in
no
to
be
J.-M. Unvala, Numismatique
mens
it
pl.
XXII, lists some speci du Tabaristān (Paris, 1938), that may identical this. This work cannot, unfortunately, relied upon legible reproductions. abounds errors and contains have not attempted collate specimens his references the ANs. 15
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with
the neck-ornamentation, and none with the
IS LA M I C CO I NS
RA R E
Häni Year 137=172
A.H. =788/9 A.D.
BM No.
293
and
"...',
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 1.94grm.
ANs
A.D.
789/90
".",
147), but breast-ornament
and
l.
Similar
A.H.
(p.
Year 138=173 to
44.
=
AR.
Similar to BM No. 291 (p. 147), but breast-ornament (apparently) crescent l. and pellet r. of flame.
r.
43.
AR.
of flames obscure. (ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 2.17grm.
ANs
Muqātil of
l.
and star
Armstrong (Toronto). 23mm., 1.87grm.
‘Abdullāh
BM No.
on
A.H. =790/1 A.D. 55
Similar
174
I.
to
Year 139=
46.
(p. 150), but the date
this specimen
(Teheran, 1936). 23mm, 2.07grm.
BM
catalogue
No. ANS
the other
(p. 151), Pl.
is
of
one and the reverse
Abdullāh's issue
of
The obverse
specimens 21
the
ANS two as
in
year 140.
the
of
There are
in
PLATE
IV
of
GCM
the
illustrated
XXVI, No.
5.
AR.
is
distinct.
“Afzut” Coins
star; tiny pellet
and
of
in
following particulars: the r.
appears
the
l,
breast-ornament
305, except a
BM No.
be
Similar
A.H. =784/5 A.D. to
Year 133=168 to
47.
the
AR.
flame. GCM
(Teheran, 1935). 24mm,
Unvala does not list this variety.
14
J
[
16
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H.
296 (p. 149), but crescent
BM No.
r.
A.H. =790/1 A.D.
F.
174
AR.
Similar flame."
to
Year 139=
45.
1.82
grm.
TABARISTAN Year 134=
48.
A.H. = 785/6 A.D.
169
Similar to BM No. 306 (p. 155), but star, not pellet, l. and r. of D.
R.
AR.
flame. Kenney
(N.Y.).
25mm., 2.11grm.
Year 136= 171 A.H. =787/8 A.D. 157), but breast-ornament ".", and Similar BM No. 312 flame. AR.
l
and
r.
(?)
pellets
of
to
(p.
49.
of
and
r.
star
l.
a
implies
23
BM No. ETN
to
Similar
1.61grm.
A.H. =788/9 A.D.
Year 137=172
50.
GCM. 24mm.,
(p. 158), but the
flame, whereas
BM description
ETN
both the
specimen
AR.
and the present one have pellets, not stars.
of flame. ANs (ex Wood
Coll.). 23mm, PLATE
(p.
313
IV
159), but breast-ornament "...', and
flame. AR,
of
=
and star
r.
l.
pellet
BM No.
176
1.8ogrm.
A.H. =792/3 A.D.
141
to
Year Similar
52.
2.04grm.
(p. 158), but breast-ornament ".", AR.
and
23
BM No. ETN r.
to
l.
and star
ANs. 24mm, 2.16grm. PLATE IV
Year 143= 178 A.H. =794/5 A.D. Similar BM Nos. 314ff. (p. 160), but breast-ornament uncer flame. AR.
of
and
r.
tain, and pellet
l.
to
53.
ANs (ex Newell
B. EARLIEST AFRICAN
Coll.).
25mm., 1.78grm.
AND SPANISH IssuEs
Similar
to
Africa. Type
54.
I.
Gold
BM ix," Nos.
74-75 (p. 21), Codera," pp. 39-42.
The
references
de
J
15
[
y
in
of
to
17
Stanley Lane-Poole's Catalogue henceforth are Oriental Coins Museum (London, 1875-90). Zaidin, Tratado Don Francisco Codera Numismática Arábigo-Española (Madrid, 1879).
BM
the British
*
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Similar
Coll.). 24mm,
A.H. =788/9 A.D.
Year 137=172
51.
ANs (ex Wood
RARE
IS LA M I C
C O
I NS
present piece presents nothing unusual, but good specimens
of
these
issues are of sufficient rarity to deserve reproduction. A.
(ex Newell Coll.). Iomm., 2.01grm.
ANs
PLATE
Similar to BM
No.
73
Africa. Type I.
ix,
55.
IV
(p. 21), but inscriptions imperfectly A.
preserved. (ex Newell Coll.). Iomm., 1.36grm.
ANs
PLATE 56.
Spain. Type
III.
Year
IV
93.
INOCXI.
(ex Newell,
ANs
ex
A'.
and
92
to
ix,
(p. 24), Codera, pp. 46–51. Obverse in Similar BM No. scriptions completely preserved: ININ2LôFRTIN2PNANNXCIII Campaner
Coll.).
12.5mm., 4.26grm. PLATE IV
Nusayr. as
Same type
Paris,
i,
Müsa
b.
57.
Nos.
120-124,
but the variant inscriptions
NI........ .
.
.
.
NIIVSI&MVS
.
MIR(?)
. .
Rev.: reading from top counter-clockwise
.
Obv.: reading from top clockwise (upside down) (right side up) XVX.
.
A
are worth recording:
AE, ANS.
I5mm., 2.90grm. PLATE
IV
C. BYzANTINE-ARAB Copper
who undertakes do
the scholar
to a
of
to
of
use
of
These may complete publication described.
be
of
in
Among the approximately fifty Byzantine-Arab coppers the types commonly collection ANS there are several varieties
16
|
[
be
this series, but the varieties not seem reproducing quite me worth here. The few unusual pieces are described below. to
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Copper
BYZ ANT IN E - A R A B COPPER
Harrān.
X-P-A.
Beneath: obscure, Beaded border.
(?)
(Adler). AE
52
Cf. Ties, No.
IS
Beaded border.
I.
:
At
&l_-
At
+Q
-->
K
r.:
At
l.:
Caliph standing. At
1:
58.
ANs (ex
Newell Coll.). 19mm., 2.93grm.
IV
PLATE
Qinnasrin.
Bearded head facing.
R.
by
of
Paris, described
Caliph
in
to
“J”
(?),
is
[ć]-->
From the eyebrows downward the face
better preserved than
AE.
spite
in
so
This coin
is
bare-headed.
of
reproduce
in
I
that
it
coins should not be described
its as
on
in
to on
of
on the Paris specimen, but not unfortunately the upper part the head, part argument which Cottevieille-Giraudet bases his “Caliph” reply suggestion" Byzantine-Arab Walker's that the
curious
poor preservation. ANs (ex
Wood Coll.). 16mm., 2.12grm. PLATE
Letters
,
C!
O
e.
•
center:
X
In
I,
of
BM
standing, Heraclius Nos. 2ff, (pp. 4-6).
at ix, r.
as
Figure
obscure.
\s, Beneath: Beaded border. AE.
all
Beaded border.
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
20mm., 4.01grm.
125.
17
J
1935,
[
J.
NC,
p.
PLATE Walker,
IV
&P
Uncertain Mint.
60.
19
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that the Cabinet des Médailles, Cottevieille-Giraudet, RN, 1935, pp. 227-8.
very rare coin similar
A
59.
IV
RAR E
Uncertain Mint.
In
Caliph standing. Traces of legupwards, end at
center:
J.
. . .
.
.
l.,
&E->
(3)
Beaded border.
Around: beginning
at
61.
IS LA M I C CO INS
top,
up y
J1
yl
J1
J3-2
.
4J)
. .
side down,
ANs (ex
Newell Coll.). 18mm., 3.62grm.
18
}
PLATE
[
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-
AE.
Beaded border.
IV
II. THE POST-REFORM UMAYYAD COINAGE A. GoLD
Of
ANS
the thirty-three Umayyad dinars in the
collection the
following seven merit publication."
A.H. = 709/10 A.D. One-third dinar. Within circle: Within circle: 1 J1 y all y 91
Margin: Qur’ān, IX, 33, to 3-J) A.
to 94
J-J)
s-
- -dl
-->
ANs (Greenwood). 14mm., 1.42grm. PLATE IV
is
to
i,
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
J-yu
-
above, but rev. margin:
(ex Newell,
ex
A'.
similar specimen was published ANs
cull
Longpérier
Campaner
-->
** 3:
(Ties, No. 497).
Coll.).
15mm., 1.43grm.
19 |
III
The American Numismatic Society Museum Notes, and 92.
[
87
in
PLATE 19a Listed 57, 75, 84,
IV
A.H. =720/1 A.D. One-third dinar. lie
102
by
no.
62
As
Al-Andalus. Year
to
16.5mm, 2.11grm. PLATE
65.
the
1.
i,
half dinar, although the legend reads &l: A'.
standard
ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 12mm., 1.07grm. PLATE IV
A.H. =714/5 A.D. One-half dinar. BM No. 20, but both size and weight conform
a
Year Similar
64.
of to 96
A'.
a
of
17,
A.H. =712/3 A.D. One-quarter dinar. Similar BM No. but &&- (sic), and the weight that quarter dinar, although the legend appears read &d). Year
63.
A
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(-:
c-J)
Margin:
3-3
J)
lie
Year
62.
IV
(1948), Nos. 43, 53,
IS LA M I C CO
R A RE
INS
Madin Amir al-Mu'minin bi'l-Hijaz. Year 105 A.H. =723/4 A.D.
66.
e-A-9
c)-Aaa
all
eu*_* +
- J|
:
* * ~.J3
J| y
Yl
J
J1
J-51] U-l
y
Margin: Qur’ān, IX, 33, to
5\ad-u
J-
Margin:
als'
**
J--> <- L.-J., 1* +---
A. ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 20mm., 4.16grm. PLATE IV
This extraordinary issue, of which there were four specimens (from two sets of dies) in the Princesse Ismail Collection, was partially described and discussed by P. Casanova its
of the duplicates in Casanova's
the uniqueness
it in
E. T.
of
Mr.
way into the market and Newell, who presented
events the extreme rarity
the mint, “The mine
of
ANS. At
the
all
1929
into the hands
of
to
eventually
the coin and
the Commander
the
of
of
the problem
he
to
to
identifying this mine.
collect material relating an
years,
In to
period
of
over
a
in
Believers the Hijāz,” contribute the singular interest this writing proceeded, issue. After the brief note cited above Casanova
21 20
approximately 41° 20' Casanova, Nos. 162-3,
be
at
N.” The
23° 30'
3976-7, and pp.
Arab historians record
IV-VI.
of
on
Mecca,
“mine identified
Medina and the route between Baghdad and Mecca,
E.,
north-west
of
with Ma‘din (later Harrah) Bani Sulaim, southeast
of to
is
the Believers
the Hijāz”
of
all
of
the Commander
in
the undoubtedly correct conclusion that the
of
arrived
at
he
of
of
in
article” which made use all the geographical sources, available Arabic historical and the accounts modern travellers and explorers, and the existing maps,
substance
at
the
de
la
de
in
J
20
is
of
Arabia until the most recent times
[
the cartography
of
of
state
be
et
au
de
presented
of
his study the geographical section the “Congrès des sociétés savantes Strasbourg,” and published the full monograph under Hidjáz, Géographie” (Comité des the title, Une Mine d'or “Bulletin Section XXXV, historiques scientifiques), (Paris, 1921), pp. 69-125. travaux Vol. Year 1920 These coordinates, through no fault M. Casanova's, cannot trusted. The chaotic Casanova
22
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inventory, which later perhaps found
of of
may be that the present coin is one
of
It
as early as 1896.”
notorious.
U MAYYA
GOLD
D
that the Umayyad Caliph Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz (99-101 A.H.) bought a piece of land, on which there was at least one mine, from the son of a certain Bilāl b. al-Härith, to whom the property had been given
in fief by the Prophet; and Casanova has amply demon
strated that this mine was the source of the gold as well as the mint
of our coin. While this dinar was struck five years after the death of the Caliph whose personal property the mine was, it is not sur prising to find the name of the mint still in use. There
seems
to me little doubt that the Ma‘din
Bani Sulaim is
further to be identified with “Mahad Dahab” (~3 +), the site of the gold mine now being worked by the Saudi Arabian Mining
1941
Mr. Twitchell was kind
photograph
of an
my disposition
of
In
N.
23°29'52"
a
to
place
extremely
to
be
of
a
of
I
to
in
interesting Kufic inscription found the old tailings the mine, publish this inscription together with and hope soon able further discussion the probable identity “Mahad Dahab”
in
a
to
of
of
of
and the “Mine the Commander the Believers the Hijāz.” The inscription, dated 304 A.H. =916/7 A.D., records the building great highway for the pilgrimage Mecca.” Year
107
A.H. =725/6 A.D.
Khedivial Library, No. 41, except that the points under are lacking. ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 20mm., 4.19grm. A.
J3
of
instead
to
Similar
A.H. =728/9 A.D. BM No. 32" (p. 28),
U+2.
except that ten
IV
written 3_42,
size, weight, fabric and style this dinar
is
110
ix,
Year
In
68.
is
PLATE
atypi
its
Similar
to
67.
of
of
an
}
21
in
[
in
in
at
a
in
of
p.
S.
K.
*I *
Twitchell, Saudi Arabia, with Cf. Account the Development Natural Resources (Princeton, N.J., 1947), 146. presented the substance this inscription short paper entitled “Two Epigraphical Documents from Mahad Dhahab the Hidjāz,” before the American Oriental Society April, 1947. Washington, D.C. annual meeting its
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at 40° 52' 45°
enough
at
E.,
Syndicate Ltd., under the management of the American Smelting and Refining Company.” I owe to Mr. K. S. Twitchell the knowl edge of many interesting facts in connection with this mine, located
IS LA M I C CO I NS
RARE
It
cal. issue
is possibly a contemporary forgery but more probably the
of some temporary mint.” A.
ANs. 24mm., 4.08grm.
IV
PLATE
B. SILVER There are more than 230 Umayyad dirhams of the reformed type in the ANS. Of these the following are worthy of notice:
Arminiyah. Year 100 A.H. =718/9 A.D. Similar to BM i, No. 48, except that there is no point in the rev.
69.
ANs. 28mm., 2.87grm.
Pellet under
-
...
the earliest date
of
A.3 out
is &
of
i,
c
to
this mint
me. ANs
(ex Nies Coll.). 27mm., 2.46grm. (ringed) PLATE
Ifriqiyah. Year 102 A.H. =720/1 A.D. Similar BM No. 53’ (p. 30), but
V
AR.
to
of
~
known
BM
A.H. =716/7 A.D.
No. 54, but date and under 3-3. This
not omitted. ANs. 29mm, 2.82grm. PLATE
A.H. =734/5 A.D. BM No. 56, but i,
Two
116
specimens similar
to
Ifriqiyah. Year
72.
date: 2-3 2-4
e
V
AR.
us
to
ix,
71.
-- ~
PLATE
A.H. =741/2 A.D. 4.e3 &=
ANs. 27mm.,
2.87grm.
I
Tiesenhausen's reference under his No. 543, there this peculiar fabric and style.
22
J
[
of
of
access
110 described
is
Lacking
the dinar
to
PLATE
V
R.
No. 58, but date:
-
124
&
BM
i,
Similar
to
Ifriqiyah. Year
73.
V
AR.
(a) R.ANs. 28mm., 2.91grm. (b) GCM. 23mm, 2.25grm. (clipped)
*
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Similar
98
Ifriqiyah. Year
70.
"
PLATE
V
AR.
arC2.
cannot tell whether
al-Awsat. Year
A.H. =708/9 A.D.
No. 43, but mint and date: AR.
--
&:-
-3W suit:
ANs.
26.5mm, 2.75grm. (formerly ringed)
V
BM
i,
Similar
90
Bihqubadh to
74.
U MAYYAD SILVER
PLATE
Of
(al-‘Alā, “Upper,” al-Awsat, “Middle,”
the three Bihqubadh's
BM
98
No. 69,
G
Similar
A.H. =716/7 A.D. but date: 3-3 Ju.
-
of
al-‘Alā.
Al-Taymarrah. Year i,
75.
to
is
one”; and none
of
of
of
of
and al-Asfal, “Lower”), four specimens are known (all the year al-Asfal”; two specimens al-Awsat, 90) which the present
27mm., 2.72grm. PLATE
under
"...
"...
curiously written; of
which
33:1;
under
&-l.
ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 28mm., 2.72grm. PLATE
very
of
properly read,
is
the mint name
is
This unique coin,
if
V
AR.
[f]=::\:
&21
21
~
mint and date:
-
3-3
~
under
A.H. =712/3 A.D.
43, but
is
i,
No.
g of of
lia;
Year
BM
under
-
of
a
Points:
•
Similar
to
Al-Janzah(?).
on
to
of is
be
However,
I
and the
3.
the cast), and there
ap
believe
or
is
taken correct. Janzah” the early Kanja (Elizabetpol), Tāvgaxa, Ganjah, to
that the reading can Arabic orthography
the
be
stroke between
C
the reproduction
of
be a
pears
to
coin itself, but not
in
(it
by
is
of
curiously considerable interest. The writing the mint name bungled, probably uneven striking, with the result that the definite article has scarcely any relief clear the eye the
p.
in
T. p.
23
]
[
p.
S.
in
of
to
in
E.
II,
in
in
26
Rogers Collection (NC, 1874), one One the the Bibliothèque Nationale, one my own. Cf. Walker (Arab-Sassanians), cix, the Khedivial Collection, and one note 2. my attention: Ulla The other, also the year 9o, only recently came Linder NNA, 1941, Welin, “Ein grosser Fund Arabischer Münzen aus Stora Velinge, Gotland” p. 94. 132; and Le Strange, Lands, *Cf. Yāqüt, 178.
*
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76.
94
V
AR. ANS.
R A R E IS
LA M I C CO I NS
Arrān between Bardā and Tiflis, in what is
an important city of
now Karabagh. The existence of this mint-name on an issue of the reformed coinage is important collaborative evidence of the probable validity of Mordtmann's and Walker's attribution of an Arab-Sas dirham to KNjA (Kanja).” In Markov's inventory of the Ermitage Collection a dirham of “Djanze,” also of the year 94, is listed (p. 4, No. 106); it is probably identical with the present specimen, although I do not know what
sanian
to make
of the parenthetical description, “polovinka.” Is only half
of the coin preserved, or is it
Jundi Sābür. Year 90 A.H. =708/9 A.D. (ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 2.48grm. (frag. lacking)
ANs
J:
but mint and date:
J--> <-
W.
J:-"
Clark (New York). 25mm, 2.65grm.
exceedingly rare
961,
BM
A.H., and
has been
No. 25").
A.H. =699/700 A.D.
No. 43, but mint and date:
&:
-
Similar
i,
Dasht-Maysän. Year to
78.
(Markov,
80
recorded
p.
of
of
I
of
mint. know only issues the years 84, 85, and my knowledge only one other specimen the year
85
86
an
is
be
to
confused with Ardabil,”
AR.
G
3'-- ~~ ANs. 26mm.,
2.69grm.
p.
J
[
II,
cf.
24
ZDMG,
1879,
p.
I
Mordtmann, “Zur Pehlevi Münzkunde” op.cit., pp. cxx, cxxxv, and cxli. *"Yāqüt, pp. 548-9; Le Strange, Lands, 182.
Walker,
am aware, the only in
far
as
so
is,
unique, and
D.
A.
is
PLATE
This coin
to
43,
L.
85
No.
PLATE
Dabil, not
V
A.H. =704 A.D.
AR.
BM
i,
Similar
to
Dabil. Year
77a.
*
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PLATE
V
AR.
G-:
but date:
:
BM i, No.
Similar to
*-
74,
77.
half-dirham?
a
131,
V
appear No. 95;
MAYYAD SILVER
U
of this mint in the reformed coinage. Maysän and Dasht-Maysän (Dasht-i Maysän) were districts in Irāq.”
ance
Dimishq.
79.
Year
Similar to BM
A.H. =736 A.D.
118
i, No.
but unlike the
113,
BM
specimen, the weight
AR.
is up to standard.
A.H. =748/9 A.D.
131
No.
141.
(ex Newell Coll.). 24.5mm., 2.86grm.
ANs
p.
or
in
an
article entitled “Mesenisches”
NZ, IX,
but date: g---> ANs.
27mm, 2.75grm. (pierced)
but date: g---> ANs (ex
to
Ju:
Newell Coll.). 27.5mm., 2.91grm. PLATE
108
A.H. =726/7 A.D.
~
AR.
i,
to
Similar BM No. 148, but date: *3 Juclipped and the annulets are therefore off the flan. ANs
The coin
is
Al-Küfah. Year
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 23.5mm., 1.93grm. PLATE
V
83.
V
133,
g;
No.
<-
BM
me.
A.H. =710/11 A.D. AR.
Similar
to
Surraq. Year
92
the earliest issue of this mint known
i,
This
is
PLATE
V
132,
G
No.
<-
90
A.H. =708/9 A.D. AR.
BM
i,
Sarakhs. Year
Similar
82.
set
pp. 270-273.”
to
81.
in
by
1877,
Otto Blau
Cf. Le Strange, Lands, pp. 42,80; and Walker, BM (Arab-Sassanians), pp. cxvii-cxviii, cxl, where mention made the existence this dirham. Nassar, Quarterly, Dept. Antiquities Palestine, XIII, Nos. 3-4, **Cf. 121. in
J
25
p.
of
of
of
[
G.
N.
is
*
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forth
to
ii,
Characene, near the capital Spasinu-Charax,
later (BM 221) corrected cogent argument for identifying “Besamia”
Lane-Poole, and read al-Sāmiyah. The full and al-Sāmiyah with “Baesamsa”
of
This mint was originally read al-Shāmiyah
is
AR.
BM
i,
to
Similar
Year
by
Al-Sāmiyah.
80.
(ex Newell Coll.). 26.5mm, 2.89grm.
ANs
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R A R E
Al-Kufah. Year
84.
BM
but mint and date:
141,
** J.--> &- ~
**Qu
ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 24mm., 2.77grm. PLATE
be
of
is
no
no
ex
other
of
I
know from published notices,
of
ample
far
as
There
so
is,
V
AR.
Similar to
A.H. =744/5 A.D.
127
i, No.
of
of
without
a
me
the revolutionary be
In
to
view
no
supported
third and fourth
the
likelihood—
view
of
be
course cannot
ex
the
85
of
amples—that there were regular issues al-Kufah after 128 below), and that the published specimens attributed (see No. should read
4.23
p.
à
“Nouvelles Contributions
Numismatique
<
=
*sju
von Zambaur, NZ, Orientale,”
116, no. 401. AR.
1914,
3W
i,
but mint and date: piece was published
141,
in
&
*3
BM No. An identical
to
Similar
A.H. =745/6 A.D.
128
by
Al-Kufah. Year
85.
127.
E.
129
la
to
the year
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 2.90grm. PLATE
V
of
162,
but date:
g:
G
No.
A.H. =699/700 A.D.
80
Year
BM
of
of
Similar
to
Manādhir.
y.
r*-
i,
y
J
with 86.
p.
ix,
a
is
regular Umayyad issue. All other specimens This this 35), with the exception mint and date (e.g., BM No. 150", abu-Muslim, Zambaur's piece, are the revolutionary type
of
ANs. 26mm., 2.58grm.
26
to
this mint known
J
the earliest issue
[
This
of
PLATE
is
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which
the others.
the year 128, there would seem
of
of
strokes than between any issues
be
slightly more space between
of
to
appears
be
While the first stroke may
there
the first four strokes the digit. little higher than the others, there to of
between
a
any
the question,
as
not entirely out
of
clear separation
is
127,
a
rather than
of
a
a
Küfah issue this date. That this specimen may published specimens) the year 129 (of which there are number
me.
V
U
MAYYAD SILVER
Maysän. Year 79 A.H. =698/9 A.D. Similar to BM i, No. 43, but mint and date:
87.
- 3 -,
ANs. 26mm, 2.53grm. PLATE
V
AR.
3-3 c-
A.D.
170,
...
sa-
(ex Newell Coll.). 29mm., 2.89grm.
ANs
No.
but date:
G-3
:-
BM
A.H. =714/5 A.D.
170,
c.-
Year i,
Similar
to
Hamadhán.
96
PLATE
89.
The
g.
V
i,
but date: g---is usual, defectively written 3...a.
No.
-
709/10
=
91
A.H.
AR.
as
BM
is,
Similar mint name
to
Hamadhán. Year
88.
The an
nulets are clipped off the flan. 25mm., 2.31 grim.
classified
roughly
various
five categories:
in
reformed types. These may
be
The ANS collection contains over 300 Umayyad fulüs
of
C. CoPPER
with (a) the simplest religious legends, (b) less common religious inscriptions, (c) animals and birds and other adjuncts, (d) dates but mint names, and (e) mint names, with without
these types
with more
do or
pro
few
of
the first category.
not
less identical legends have been accurately
the present publication.
The student who all
a
task not appropriate
to
is
be
of
tell whether
a
impossible
to
is
given type has not. Certainly the classification these early anonymous coppers something that should undertaken, but this or it
reproduced that been published
the pieces
in
describe any
of
I
with governors' names. At present or
pose
to
dates, sometimes
So
no
those
is
J
27
[
to
a
to
study should have access undertakes such the larger col lections, and attempting determine the provenance should travel throughout the former Umayyad lands, gathering the evi
in
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AR. ANS.
IS LA M I C
RAR E
CO
I NS
for copper seldom travels far. Above all, he should make full use of the mass of excavation specimens, the vast majority of them unpublished but doubtless stored in the basements and closets of many museums in Europe and America. Of the remaining four categories I describe a few here which appear to me, without exhaustive search for similar published types,
dence
on the spot,
to be worthy of notice.”
No mint (?), or date.
y
Within square: Fish to
y
At At At
J1
1
J|
e-A-9 ?
Marginal legend
1.
-- rel="nofollow">
top:
J3-2
J)
bottom:
AE. ANS.
?)
Annulet (or inscription
I5mm., 3.19grm.
VI
No mint
. .
.
.
.
~~
Torrey Coll.). 15mm., 2.52grm.
r.
to
date.
Scroll
J1
[1]
Margin:
ANs (ex Newell,
y y or
92.
Within beaded circle: ex
marginal legend AE.
Traces
of
Within beaded circle: duck
All
date.
?
or
91.
AE.
all
ANs. 16mm.,
93.
No mint
or
PLATE
5.07grm.
VI
date.
Within beaded circle: -->ea
y
J1
y!
to l.
Lion crouching Around: 2-3 J1
J3-2
J)
Margin within beaded circle: AE,
OOOOOO
ANS. 15mm.,
of
To my knowledge only three the Umayyad years 101, 116 and 120 A.H. (NHR, Nos. 28
}
[
Al-Rayy,
coppers
in
PLATE 33
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PLATE
No mint (?),
at r.
Within square:
l.:
90.
the
ANS
26, 30, and 31B).
2.63grm.
VI
have been published:
U MAYYAD COPPER
No mint. Year
94.
107
A.H. =725/6 A.D.
Double struck and obscure.
-
J-M1 lia. .
AE.
All
Within beaded circle:
(?)
o
AE.
No mint. Year Within circle: y
Within circle: !
J)
all
:
*
3 AE.
Adharbayjän.
r.
Within beaded circle:
y y!
J)
9
J3
the mint name are obscure, but
AE.
little doubt about the reading. ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
18mm., 1.92grm. PLATE
29
J
[
be
J
The two letters before the
of
J
J1
-->
&\2:23
•
J.
No date.
All
believe there can
.
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 21mm., 4.59grm.
ANs
beaded circle:
A-
.
:
*-
-
*
-->
~
Margin: (sic) -->
. .
.
is
|
--!
--all
Margin: (sic)
Within
.
A.H. =734/5 A.D.
y
.
.
.
&_*
.
(ex Newell Coll.). 19mm., 5.92grm.
J|
y!
116
ANs
•-3 J)
I
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al
y
*...
96.
97.
<
e o o
[ell,
3:23
J%3 -
. .
AU1
© O ©
. . . .
J
[-]3
Y
beaded circle:
[1] O
A.H. =727/8 A.D.
y
Within
109
.
No mint. Year
ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 16mm., 3.38grm. PLATE VI
•
95.
--> J3-2
. .
.
&-
«»3
.
Margin:
Within beaded circle:
.
Area illegible
VI
R AR E 98.
Mint
No
2
IS LA M I C CO I NS
date.
Within beaded circle:
all
•A-e-Pea
y! y
all
Within triple beaded circle:
J3-2 All
e-A-5
Coll.).
24mm., 3.60grm. PLATE VI
J.J.'s", assuming the
D
might
be
puzzling.
ANs (ex Newell
It
The mint name
is
AE.
Margin
is
be
of
be
to
defectively written. But the omission the definite article irregular, and the fabric would not Andalusian. Ba'alabak. No date. Within beaded circle:
In
center, star
within circle
Margin: (sic) ell." (*).,
y y
J1 J1
(sic)
"--
AE.
•-A-9
Dimishq.
No
ANs (ex Newell
*A*-*
Yl y
all
Within partly beaded circle:
J3-2 all
at
A-3
Outside circle,
Outside circle,
top:
3*-* -->
3+*-* AE.
ANs (ex Newell
top:
*-*
Coll.).
23mm., 2.92grm. PLATE VI
SR (?). No date. Within beaded circle:
y
All!
Margin:
ANs (ex Newell
30
J
[
R.
J-
J-M1
lia •-->
Coll.).
.
•-A-9
. .
all
J3-2
o
all
*A*-*
y!
Within triple beaded circle:
.
101.
15mm., 2.66grm. PLATE VI
date.
Within circle: All
Coll.).
at
100.
•
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99.
22mm., 3.42grm. PLATE VI
U MAYYAD COPPER
There is
the end and the beginning of the mar perhaps omitted: Surraq, a known mint at which
a space between
ginal legend. Is Q Umayyad dirhams were struck?
Surr, nor Sirr, seems
Neither
likely.”
(?). Year 110(?) A.H. =728/9 (?) A.D. J1 y Lion crouching to l.
Tabariyah
102.
At bottom,
All y! •
downwards:
A-3
-
Margin: Margin: 53
3-[3]ll
*3
. . . AE.
U
J3-2
AUl
U+*
Coll.).
ANs (ex Wood
(3)
-A-Pve
&_cla.
. .
.
17mm., 4.47grm. PLATE VI
Jel: “the Commander
of
#1
u
&
ordered honesty.”
the Believers
Atrib; Misr. No date [132 A.H. =750 A.D.]. center, within beaded circle: center, within beaded circle: Margin:
J-31
401
-e
33-,
AE.
-
->l 33-,
&
Margin:
*_
dull -->
ANs.
[s-.] ge
18.5mm., 4.89grm.
almost
all
of
only one other specimen
VI
this humble but
respects, other than the critical reverse
identical with several known copper issues
of
it
area,
fals.”
is
markable
of
am aware
In
I
PLATE
re
_*
]
In
In
103.
the last
76.
by
*
Yāqüt, III,
p.
b.
at
b.
of
Umayyad Finance Director Egypt, Adb al-Malik Marwān Müsā, struck Fustät, Fayyüm and, perhaps, Iskandariyah.” These
of
is
of
Paris Nos. 1494-5, Berlin Nos. 2028a,b (p. 376), Ties., No. 655, Khedivial Nos. 843-4; Paris No. 1496; Khedivial Library, No. 845. Cf. my AGW, pp. 95-6.
J
31
[
i,
i,
i,
*
See
Library,
be
it
of
to
its
drawing
the latter work. Due legend and consequently
of
this imperfectly preserved specimen appears the title-page poor preservation Blau had difficulty with the reverse marginal ventured certain ingenious but certainly erroneous philological observations. His identification the reverse area inscription, however, identical with mine. may think assumed that the Odessa specimen and the present one are the same issue.
A
1876, No. 35.
on
zu
in
in
In
NZ, VI-VII (1874-1875), under the Odessa Museum, first published Otto Blau the title “Nachlese orientalischer Münzen,” pp. 9-10, and subsequently Die orientalischen Odessa, Münzen des Museums der Kaiserlichen Historisch-Archäologischen Gesellschaft 84a
I
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part:
in
must have read
\s,
Both the mint and the date are very doubtful. The obverse margin
is
B
lieve
ATRIB
intended and that the reading
in
the
I
of
the present piece looks more like
the specific
word
the
J,
on
Although the final letter
the reverse.
reverse area
the obverse, and the name
is
mint
of
on
all
Misr (Egypt)
bear
of
IS LA M I C CO I NS
RARE
be
H, KH,
almost certainly
Atrib, sometimes more correctly rendered Athrib,
is
COrreCt.
the Arabic
in
of
over-simplification: we cannot fail Egyptian Hat-te-her-ábe (or Ha-to-heri-ab),
to
of
say the
to
reckon with ancient and Assyrian Hatha
riba.”
of
leaden tokens
the third century, inscribed
A6GIBIC.".
more than passing interest and perhaps suggestive
of It
Trajan and Hadrian for the nome A8PIBITHC,” of
of
think,
I
and
of
a
pre-Arab numismatic history: we know, for example,
bronze issues
is,
of
Atrib had
III,
is
pp. 111-12, and
Egypt,
2070.
Atrib (Athrib) figures frequently
the history
of
ii,
is
in
of
p.
Athribis,
Yāqüt,
I,
cf.
name,
in
in
his day given
Arab mints
the earliest specific
pp. 762-3, where Atrib de the district (kürah) which the chief town was ‘Ayn Shams (Heliopolis), ruins, nothing remaining but “ancient monuments.” The pre-Arab literature Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encyclopädie der Classischen Altertum swissenschaft, s.v.
For the Arabic
scribed
appear
in
(?)
in as
86
Alexandria
as
to
Byzantinist and Arabist alike, that Atrib further profitable study and Fayyum (Arsinoe), which along with Fustät (old Cairo) and
the Persian and Arab
of
J.
cf.
Egypt;
de
de
ii,
Numorum,
864, and
G.
Cf. Head, Historia
Dattari,
Numi Augg.
Alexandrini
32
|
Leaden Tokens"
in
Milne, “Egyptian
[
Dattari, op. cit., No. 6415, and pp. 307-9.
G.
1901), Nos. 6213-6216.
J.
(Cairo,
p.
in
* **
of
in
Butler, The Arab Conquest Egypt and the Last Thirty Alfred Years the Roman Dominion (Oxford, 1902), passim. pp. 394-6; also Yāqüt, loc. cit. Cf. Mas'udi, Murilj, l'Égypte” Rougé, “Monnaies des Nomes Cf. Pauly-Wissowa, loc. cit., and Jacques RN, n.s. Vol. XV, pp. 49-50.
campaigns
*
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least,
Egypt was
is,
of
of
of
an
Nüh (Noah); Atrib's brothers, among whom the rest divided, were Qubt (Copt), Ashmün and Sä.” This
of an
to
their best etymological tradition, ascribed the name Misr, son Häm, son eponymous Atrib, son Baysar, son
in
Arabs,
in
of
in
an
of
'A6puSís, capital form the vouðs'A6puffirms, Lower Egypt, important town early Arab, Byzantine and ancient times, situated north Cairo near modern Benha, the delta.” The
NC,
1930,
UMAYYAD COPPER were two of four towns (Memphis and Oxyrhynchus others) whose names occur on the leaden tokens.”
being the
Al-Mawsil. No date.
104.
Within partly beaded circle: All
Within beaded circle:
J1
J3-2 all
*A*-*
--
--all
.
Margin, within partly beaded
Ji yi Ji y Ji chu:
•l
ning
specimens, from different dies,
lie "La
Ju-all L J-31u
marginal legends begin
on
Two
J-M1
-->
y
the
circle:
Margin, within beaded circle:
of
AE,
GCM (Damascus,
specimen
105. Wäsit. Year 108
1935). 22, 19.5mm., 3.84, 5.22grm.
y |
J1
J3-D
&_*
AE.
J1
.
**
Jus:
£
this year
any
of
published Wäsit fals
in
ANs (ex Nies Coll.). 21mm., 2.47grm.
of
no
.
Margin, within circle: *-13: J-M1 --> .
@)
–
AUl @)
@)
Soret.”
Within circle:
All
is
There
104a)
A.H. =726/7 A.D.
2-3
Annulets:
VI (No.
this coin was published
-->ea
~
Y
yl
Within double circle:
of
An imperfect
is
is
to
reproduction.
satisfactory
PLATE
the large
collections.
Finally
à . . .
307. Fraehn,” Mém.
Soc. Imp. d'archéologie,
33
]
28
op. cit.,
“Lettre Ties., No. 2635.
[
**
*
Cf. Milne,
of
do
p.
to
be
I
I
include six obscure cast coins, probably Umayyad but possibly early ‘Abbāsid, and probably from northern Syria. not attempt identify them further, but the reproductions may
=
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the other, but unfortunately the latter
by
quite clear permit too smooth
it
trated;
on
is
on
at
quite different points each specimen. The governor's name, al-Dahhāk, imperfectly preserved the specimen illus
St. Petersburg,
1851,
No.
RARE
IS LA M I C
C O
I NS
use to someone who,
it is to be hoped, will one day attempt the classification of these crude cast coins. A large number of cast coins of similar fabric and style was found in the Princeton excavations at Antioch: some of these are described in my report on the Islamic coins of Antioch." 106.
Obscure inscriptions.
Cross surrounded by four large pellets.
Two
of different dies.
specimens,
AE
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
17mm, 2.25, 2.05grm.
18,
PLATE
VI (No.
106a)
107.
all
y
*A*->ea
All
J3-2 AE.
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 17mm., 1.79grm. PLATE
VI
108.
(?)-1-yl
AE.
Obscure three-line inscription
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.). 16mm, PLATE
I09.
cs" gle
(*)-3-
(*)cial AE.
J-y ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
2.17grm.
VI
16mm., 1.87grm. PLATE VI
II.O.
Within circle:
>y
yi y
(sic) Annulets, within outer circle:
CSU->
Annulets, within outer circle: AE.
o
© O ©
O©
O
all
Within circle:
©
ANs. 21mm., 2.18grm.
PLATE
IV,
Part One (Princeton,
34
|
Antioch-on-the-Orontes,
[
**
In
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All
VI
1948), Nos. 148-153, pp. 118-19.
III. THE ABBASID COINAGE In the description of ‘Abbāsid
following space-saving
coins the
conventions have been observed. Unless otherwise noted the obverse
J1 y
area is understood to read: y!
•-3 J1
and the reverse area:
J
y
&L
...--
J3-2
J)
Supplementary words or symbols in the obverse and reverse areas horizontal line, indicating their posi tion relative to the conventional inscription. In the gold described are given above and beneath
the silver
noted 23
3-0
in &
4:
--
3:4) Gle
is
--
3/3
In
g
J-5
4. the
each occurrence.
IX,
both the gold and the silver the Qur'anic verse
33%"
L-yl
the outer obverse margin;
on
these verses
-3.3 × 3.3
3-4,
in
are present
in
of
4)
presence
s-Ju
33, a.s...]
4-21 [4])
J3-2
understood. Reverse central pellets are not noted; determine when these are simply centering points ornament, the distinction perhaps
on
in
and when they are the nature depending the size.
of
difficul,
to is
the silver)
is
it in
in
or
of
of
is
or
always present more less complete, the reverse margin. The first part the mint-date formula preceding the name the mint margin gold, margin (obverse inner the obverse inner margin
A. GoLD" tofore described,
of
111-137. Twenty-five
“mintless” dinars, differing from those here
the years 138, 142, 147, 149, 153, 160 167, 168, 170,
171, 177, 178, 184, 187, 196, 199, 201, 202, 203
At
and 205, and two dinars of
in
of
writing there are 120 ‘Abbāsid dinars the date the Museum the American Society; the University Museum Collection contains 206. Of these the specimens notice; the rest are well-known, relatively described the following pages are worthy 43
of
35
|
issues.
[
well-known,
or
Numismatic
in
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--~ 3:30 C-4
XXX,
is
the Qur’ānic verses
here
a
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R A R E
of Misr, dated 203 and 216 A.H., published in Some Early Arab Dinars." Of these seventeen are in the UM Collection and ten in the ANS. 138.
-U
Misr. Year 222 A.H. =836/7 A.D. J:V-3 &L-23 &:)
-TET all
A. UM. 20.5mm., 4.05grm. (pierced)
-
4.e3 &21
"...a
As above.
specimen
in
is a
There
of
A'.
3:V3 &
A.H. =838/9 A.D.
this issue
ANs. 18.5mm., 3.34grm.
the Ermitage
(Markov,
p.
San'a. Year 224
139.
44,
in
of
Surra man-ra'a, Year 226
J.-->
--
~
A.H. =840/1 A.D.
sl-
J
J:
W.
140.
--
As above. A. UM. 2Imm., 4.13grm.
is,
To my knowledge this
by
PLATE
VII
five years, the earliest recorded dinar
&:V-9 3-4-3 &-
~
Madinat al-Salām. Year
141.
227
f>0~
:
in
of
Samarra, and only two years later than the earliest dirham.” Samarra became the temporary ‘Abbāsid capital 221 A.H."
A.H. =841/2 A.D.
—"— Gl, 9,
ANs. 21mm.,
III
Av.
Allu
4.08grm.
*
(1948), Nos. 14, 21, 23, 32, The American Numismatic Society. Museum Notes 43, 57, 60, 61, 68, 69, 83, 84, 85, 96, 104, 121, 126, 131, 136, 138, 141, 143, 144, 147, 148 and 160.
Dinar, 231, A.H., Berlin, No. 1449; dirham, 224 A.H., Ties., No. 1860.
36
|
s.v. Sámarrà.
[
of I.,
45a
E.
*
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of
No. 781, not described). Only two earlier gold coins San‘ā are known, the years 221 and 223, both the Bibliothèque Nationale.
‘ABB As ID GoLD
There is a dinar of the same mint and year in the Ermitage (Markov, p. 44, No. 788= Ties, No. 2855, not described). 142.
&:V: J.L*3
143.
&V.
Year 229
San'a.
&:V3 &
144.
-
&
A.H. =842/3 A.D.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 228
4.e3
(3-)
A. UM.22mm., 4.04grm. (pierced)
--
A.H. =843/4 A.D.
&-
-
Madinat al-Salām. Year
&:V3 & #3
As above.
(5-
As above.
231
f>J)
*
A.
ANs. 20.5mm., 3.48grm.
A.H. =845/6 A.D. As above.
145.
Al-Muhammadiyah.
Year 245
in NHR, No.
130 A'.
Described
A.H. =859/60 A.D.
B.
ANs (ex Starosselsky
Coll.).
19mm., 4.25grm.
Misr. Year 247 A.H. =861/2 A.D. 4-13
--
-
&:V3
&
146.
&-
all
All Gle J33:ll
known: Constantinople
Surra man-ra'a. Date illegible=Dec.
--
597.
861-June 862 A.D.
ab-
is
T.J.
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 19mm., 3.26grm. 37
|
PLATE
[
ANs
T
All
breviated and illegible, but the mint almost certain. A.
No.
...
sl-
The mint-date formula
is
*-
J
147.
is
One similar specimen
UM. 18mm., 4.1ogrim.
II,
5-all
A.
4JW
•
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A. UM. 22mm., 4.05grm.
VII
of
I
in
is
It
the British Museum."
A.H. =863/4 A.D.
249
*-
Marw. Year
&:V:
3-4-13 C-:
:--
All
J.'"
W.
All
&
J-31) ---
J-- ~
UM. 22mm., 4.11grm. (pierced) PLATE VII
3
-:
Marw. Year 250 A.H. =864/5 A.D.
&:V:
As above.
Misr. Year &:V-3
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 22mm., 4.20grm.
U
2-3
5th line:
ANs
A.H. =869 A.D. J--> <-
255
4th line effaced.
3:31)
--
—"— 4th line effaced.
SJ
5th line:
3:31) ---
A. UM. 23.5mm., 4.22grm.
was undoubtedly issued
VII
by
most interesting coin.
It
a
This
is
PLATE
the
of of
on
38
p.
of
the Caliphate,” NC, 1919, |
Allan, “Unpublished Coins
[
J.
al-Mu'tazz,
that the traces are not still visible—
completely of
removing—but not
the preceding Caliph
the year 255
of
cut, used old dies
so
ture
gouging out the lines the dies. There can being informed doubt that the mint-master, the investi al-Muhtadi and before new dies bearing his name had been
of
be
no
actually obliterated
on
by
on
of
on
at
in
Caliph al-Muhtadi the early months, probably the very begin ning, his brief reign. The names the fourth lines the obverse and reverse areas are not simply effaced the coin, they were
46
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A.
As above.
150.
J.-ll
31)
A.
‘,->
149.
INS
know, only one other published dinar the Caliph al-Muntasir, also struck Samarra and with far
the date 248 preserved. 148.
CO
at
ephemeral
IS LA M I C
R E
as
There
so
is,
RA
196.
‘ABB As ID GoLD the names of the latter's son ‘Abdullāh, the heir apparent, on the obverse, and of al-Mu'tazz himself on the reverse. The effaced in scriptions are preserved on dinars of al-Mu'tazz 254 and in 255.” 151. San'a. Year 257
&:V3
&-3
--
issued at
Misr in
A.H. =870/1 A.D.
&-
—"— All gle x-all
J-31) AW. ANS.
--
20mm., 2.91grm.
-
(NC,
Misr. Year 257 A.H. =870/1 A.D.
&:V. (sic)
J-3 &-
--~~ All
Jia-
A.
All Gle
-
all
152.
UM. 21.5mm., 4.18grm.
Misr. Year 257 A.H. =870/1 A.D. As above, but As above, but date correctly
J
153.
beneath.
written. Av. ANS.
22.5mm., 4.13grm. PLATE VII
of
a
of
5,
p.
de
et
of
or
p.
of
**
Berlin, No. 1512; Harvey Porter, “Unpublished Coins the Caliphate,” NC, 1921, 322, lacking the ornament letter beneath the obverse area. Since the above was written, Misr, 225 A.H., with inscrip M. Marcel Jungfleisch has made mention similar dinar tions effaced on the dies (“Un poids une estampille sur verre datant d'Ahmed ibn Touloun,” Bulletin l'Institut d'Égypte, XXX (1948), footnote (2), the reprint). There and of
correspondence with me, M. Jungfleisch has suggested that the explanation the may not simple the one have advanced. Deleting the lines on the old engraving entirely new ones. The true ex dies would have been almost much trouble planation may political complexities which cannot discussed here. be
as
I
as
39
|
[
in
lie
as
mutilation
as
recent
be
in
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There appears to be only one other specimen of this issue 1919, p. 196, not described).
-
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R A RE
-U
Misr. Year 258 A.H. =871/2 A.D.
154-155.
3-3
&:V-9
&V.
—"—
Jia-
All Gle ---all (or) &l_*
JJ" 2 specimens:
A. UM. 21mm., 4.12, 4.14grm. PLATE
VII (No.
155)
This issue is known," but I publish this specimen here in order of the reading of the enigmatic word beneath the Caliph's name on the reverse. Rogers was unable, as might be, but who I am, to read Lavoix read “Najrān,” which was could not the place name)? Lane-Poole read “Bahrayn”
it
be
(it
a
-
In
the same year struck
at a
negate this reading.
by
Tülünid, and dinars
is
this issue
of to
specimens, would seem definitely
sense
Misr
a
in
be
surprising
if
can make
no
Egypt.
I
b.
the name
of
would not some Turkish official, but
It
facto ruler of
de of
in
so
question have been without the word classified number writers,” for Ahmad already Tülün had 254 become the
gestion.
we had here specific sug
e-
J-2
-
Al-Ahwaz. Year 259 A.H. =872/3 A.D. 313-yu &:V's
156.
All
As above.
All gle x-all
A. UM. 20.5mm., 4.23grm.
*E.
on
is
[40
p.
the Tülüni Dynasty (London, 1877), |
Rogers, The Coins
of
is
it
T.
I
E.
E.g.,
in by
17.
of
22
p.
of
to
T.
on
Rogers, “Notice the Dinars the Abbaside Dynasty,” JRAS, 1875, reprint; Paris, No. 1020, where Lavoix refers Rogers but says the specimen described that the word beneath the reverse different from that the specimen the Bibliothèque Nationale. believe the same. Khedivial Library, No. 619.
**
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The clear presence
with mint effaced, bearing similar legend." the mint name Misr, the present and Paris on
261 A.H.,
of
dinar
of
a
on
he
it.
to raise again the question
“ABBA's ID
J-3 &-
-
*
-
\a-a: AU
*A*-*
4) J3-2 all gle x-all
J-31)
Margin ends with als. A. UM. 20mm, 2.90grm. (pierced) PLATE
•ll
282
—"— •ll gle x-all
G1 C-34)
Qumm. Year
3:2 5:l
ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 22.5mm., 3.32grm.
A.H. =895/6 A.D. c.
3:V's
U
-
159.
sl., &
A'.
-
+ ·-
—"—
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 19.5mm., 4.16grm. (pierced)
apparently the earliest known
dinar
‘Abbāsid mint. The earliest heretofore known
&:V:
3:3
one
rare
the Ermitage
No. 885").
A.H.
=
Harrán. Year 284
916,
Qumm,
897
A.D.
-
160.
284
p.
dated
(Markov,
...a...all
of
ANs
is
This
is
A.
Allu
a
J-3
&:V's
VII
A.H. =876/7 A.D.
Surra man-ra'a, Year 263
158.
-->
in
&:V's
&2)
&L=
As above.
am aware, the earliest known ‘Abbāsid coin
[41
}
Harrān.
of
I
far
as
This
so
A. UM. 23.5mm., 3.97grm. PLATE VII
is,
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A.H. =872/3 A.D.
San'a. Year 259
157.
Gold
Outer margin ends with
2.
A.H. = 897 A.D. As above. ANs. 22mm., 3.88grm.
A.
-
&
A.H. = 900/1 A.D.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 288
162.
3-53
&:V-9
&V.
(3-) A'.
Outer margin ends with 2.
Filastin. Year
J-3
A.H.
24mm., 4.14grm.
A.D.
=904
&-> <- gla-lä
J
3-1 G3
W
<
&:W.
291
Coll.).
ANs (ex Nies
4.
163.
As above.
sil
G
-
Madinat al-Salām. Year 284 &:V-9 3-#3 &= f>0~
161.
:
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R A R E
this interesting issue known.” The the Tülünid ruler's name proclaims the reconquest
by
Hârün
is
of
of
Filastin (al-Ramlah)
the ‘Abbāsid forces.
A
absence
by
of
One other specimen
Tülünid dinar struck
in
by
it
in
b.
at
in
Khumarawaih Filastin earlier the same year has been published.” The present coin must have been struck sometime Rajab, 291 (May/June, 904) after May the year 904, for was
was during the course
E.
by
I,
b.
Egypt had been retaken cf.
By Rabi
Khumârawaih.”
49, No. 904, not described. 324; Zambaur, 1921,
292
of
(Jan.,
the ‘Abbāsids.” NZ (Wien),
Khalifenmünzen,”
“Neue
[42
the Tülüni Dynasty,
R.
Gibb, s.v.
p.
A.
310; also
H.
p.
of
cf.
Ibn-Khaldūn, IV,
Rogers, The Coins
J
T.
and
E.
I.,
the
pp. 2248, 2251-2; of
III,
in
9. Tabari Tülünids,
E.
I922,
Hârün
p.
p.
Porter, NC,
(Nov., 904), when
p.
**
*
Markov,
b.
combat
905), Fustät
292
the year 291
Sulayman started from Syria “toward the border
in
to
Egypt
of
(after Rajab) and before the first month Muhammad
all events the coin
of
the fact that
establishes
determine, but
at
have not been able
it
I
tured
to
to
b.
Sulaymān was sent that the general Muhammad the Caliph recover Syria for the ‘Abbāsids. Just when al-Ramlah was cap
*
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A. UM. 23mm., 3.44grm. PLATE VII
13.
‘ABB As ID
Wali al-Dawlah
Gold
the obverse area) was the title
(beneath
of the
Vizier abü’l-Husayn al-Qāsim b. 'Ubaydullāh.” 164.
165.
Nisibin. Year 292 A.H. =904/5 A.D. &:V's &:) 3:44
J-3
--
As above.
Isbahān. Year 293 &:V-3 -1
J-3
A. UM. 23mm., 4.3ogrm.
-
A.H. =905/6 A.D. &W-V
As above. A.
166.
Isbahān. Year 293
Nies Coll.). 22mm., 4.17grm.
A.H. =905/6 A.D.
55, but
beneath obverse area.
•
A'.
Similar to No.
ANs (ex.
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 22mm., 4.24grm.
VII
These two dinars Isbahān are exceptionally rare. To my knowl edge only one other ‘Abbāsid dinar the famous Persian city has 978, No. 934(a). been published: 300 A.H., Markov,
gla-l.
-
J-3
A.H. =905/6 A.D.
-"
&:V3
p. of
of
-
Filastin. Year 293
One specimen
of
167.
As above. A. UM. 23mm., 3.77grm.
this issue has been published but not fully
de
scribed.”
293
A.H. =905/6 A.D.
J-3 A.
As above. ANs.
(ex Newell Coll.).
22.5
mm.4.13grm.
]
p.
Zambaur, NZ, 1922,
[43
VII
the title, see Fraehn, apud Ties., No. 2175, 9.
discussion
of
PLATE
cf.
p.
For this identification and and the sources quoted there. Porter, NC, 1921, 324;
*-
a
J-3 *
Al-Mawsil Year &:V-3
*
168.
**
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PLATE
IS LA M I
R A R E
CO
C
INS
i,
II,
Mosul is also a very rare ‘Abbāsid dinar mint. I am aware of only two other issues: 263 A.H. (Constantinople No. 938) and 278 A.H. (BM, No. 366).
- *|Ju
Al-Rafiqah. Year 294 A.H. =906/7 A.D.
&:
V-3
169.
J-3
&-l
As above. A. UM. 24mm., 3.I.4grm.
©
5:la-li
2
3-2
&:V:
—#—
173.
of
Dimishq. Year 295 A.H. =907/8 &:V-9 J--> <- 54-4
3-3
G-3
A.D.
A.
As above.
295
D-->
ANs
(ex Nies Coll.). 21.5mm., 4.1ogrm.
A.H. =907/8 A.D. (sic)
*JV
As above.
A.
Al-Rafiqah. Year
&:V3
VII
197).
<-
172.
PLATE
UM. 25.5mm., 2.98grm.
Al-Karaj. Year 295 A.H. =907/8 A.D.
J-3 J-->
C_2\, As above.
[44]
an
Al-Karaj (usually read al-Karkh)
is
A.
&:V.
<-
171.
1919,
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm., 3.66grm. (pierced)
ANs
this issue has been published but not described
p.
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(Allan, NC,
As above.
©
A.
-
One specimen
A.H. =906/7 A.D.
-
Filastin. Year 294 &
170.
UM. 23mm., 4.oogrm. PLATE
VII
exceptionally rare mint,
‘ABB As ID GoLD and this dinar is by thirteen years the earliest known.” Lavoix, Markov, Codrington and Allan read the name as al-Karkh, and in this form it appears in Codrington's Manual, identified as “part of Baghdad.”
I
cannot believe that this is an acceptable identification: Karkh was a suburb of Baghdad and the presence of a mint there, so close to the capital, would be very unlikely.” I submit, without proof to be sure, that the mint is Karaj, that is the Karaj “of
abi
Dulaf” between Hamadhān and Isbahān.” The few Arabic lead seals that have been published establish the fact that Karaj, the capital of the petty dynasty of the Dulafids, was an administrative and fiscal center during the second half of the third century of the
Hijrah.” We
Dulafid coins of Karaj to sup
have, unfortunately, no
mint at the seat of their principality is to be expected. Ten years before the present issue the ‘Abbāsid govern ment reassumed control over the territory administered for more the presence of
a
than half a century by the Dulafids, and if my supposition be cor rect, we have in this coin evidence of the continuation of Karaj as an administrative center after it had been “put on the map,” so to speak, by the Dulafids. By the time of the author of the Hudüd al-'Alam (372 A.H. =982 A.D.), the Karaj of abi-Dulaf was mostly
in ruins."
* 308
(Paris, No. 1130; Markov, p. 52, No. 965); 315 A.H. (Paris, No. 1131); (O. Codrington, “Some Rare Oriental Coins,” NC, 1902, p. 272); 321 A.H. (Markov, p. 54, No. 1025); date effaced (al-Qāhir), 320-322 A.H. (Allan, NC, 1919, p. 197). "Yāqüt, IV, p. 254; cf. Le Strange, Lands, p. 31. Zambaur (NZ, 1922, pp. 10-11) also
318
A.H.
C.
be
to
is
cf. a
p.
2
al-Muhammadiyah
have
been
expressed
in
issues
of
R.
R.
46. My doubts about the Dulafid
Minorsky
(E.
W. Gibb Memorial
[45]
Series,
N.S.
XI
Hudud al-'Alam, transl. p. 132.
J.
128.
V.
NHR,
p.
p.
60
*
of
V,
in
*
Yāqüt,
of
Basrah, Sāmarrà, Maysän, etc. dozen Karkhs, including those distinguished Le Strange, op. cit., pp. 197-8. This Karaj Miles, from that the Rüdhrāwar district, between Hamadhān and Nihâwand: see G. pt. (1938), “The Coinage the Käkwayhid Dynasty,” Iraq, 104. Khalil Edhem, Qūrshiin mühtir qatálogi (Constantinople, 1321), pp. 20ff. Vasmer, Dva klada kuficheskikh monet (Leningrad, 1927), Cf. Markov, and p.
Yāqüt lists half IV, 251;
is
to
of
a
as
Baghdad:
of is,
A.H.
accepts the reading al-Karkh and the identification as a “Quartier der Hauptstadt.” There fact, no reason matter assume that Karkh, reading the name so, the Karkh
61
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port the argument, but it would certainly not be surprising if one should turn up, for the Dulafid generals did issue coins at Isbahān, Fārs, Māh al-Küfah, Hamadhān, and (?) Muhammadiyah," and
(1937),
IS LA M I C
R A R E
J-3
&:V's
-
&-
INS
A.H. =909/10 A.D.
Dimishq. Year 297
174.
CO
3-4
—#– JW 5-all
A. UM. 25mm., 4.12grm. PLATE 175.
- *|Ju
VII
Al-Rafiqah. Year 297 A.H. =909/10 A.D.
J-3
&:V-3
&-
As above. A. UM. 25mm., 3.52grm. (pierced)
176.
Dimishq.
J-3
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&:V3
-
A.H. =910/1 A.D.
Year 298 &V*
-
3+-->
As above.
& cruell 3:
J-31) ---
177.
(sic)
178.
-
-
San'a. Year 299
c.
A. UM. 24mm., 3.67grm. (pierced)
A.H. =911/2 A.D. was
As above. Margin ends with als’. A.
-
20mm, 2.82grm.
ANs.
Misr. Year 299 A.H. =911/2 A.D. &:V's
J-3
& crual
J-31
&-
--~~
—"— Ju --all
3:)
©
-->
Very lightly struck. A. UM. 25.5mm., 4.18grm.
There is
a specimen
Museum (Allan,
NC,
of the same mint and date in the British 1919, p. 197,
[46
not described). |
“ABB As ID 179.
Al-Rafiqah. Year *W** 5-> <-
J-31)
Gold
A.H. =913/4 A.D.
301
*|Ju
J
--> A. UM. 27.5mm., 4.23grm. (part of edge broken or clipped) PLATE VII
Although there are dirhams of later date this appears to be the last known dinar of al-Rafiqah. 180.
-
Misr. Year 303 A.H. =915/6 A.D.
*W**
-I
U-a
As above.
As above. A. UM. 25mm., 4.04grm.
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181.
Dimishq. Year 306
*W**
--
~
A.H. =918/9 A.D.
34.2%
As above.
As above. A. UM. 24mm., 3.78grm. (pierced)
182.
Madinat al-Salām. Year
307
A.H. =919/20 A.D.
-
—"—
As above.
4JV
--all
SJ
A. ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 24mm., 3.88grm. PLATE
VII
The two published specimens of this issue have not been fully de scribed (Markov, p. 51, No. 956; Allan, NC, 1919, p. 197). 183.
-
Süq al-Ahwaz.
Year 308
*W*3
313-yl
&V.
A.H. =920/1 A.D.
33
All
As above.
JW 5-all
A. ANs (ex Nies Coll.). 25.5mm., 6.37grm. PLATE
[47
|
VII
I
This
IS LA M
CO I NS
IC
known dinar
believe, the earliest
Süq al-Ahwaz.
The
exceptional.
Tustar min-al-Ahwaz.
Year 309
-
-
*W**
313-yl
L-:
&
184.
is
weight
.
of
is,
RAR E
A.
As above.
ANs
A.H. =921/2 A.D. As above.
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 3.77grm. is
Allan, NC,
p.
No.
1919,
Süq al-Ahwaz. Year 309
-
*W**
197).
A.H. =921/2 A.D.
33
-
185.
specimens
9;
1885,
of
fully de this issue are known, but neither scribed (Lane-Poole, “Fasti Arabici: Mr. Calvert's Collection,” NC,
Two
313-yl
As above.
As above.
186.
Al-Ahwaz. Year
*W*:
-
A.H. =924/5 A.D.
312
3–4° G-:)
313-y\|
As above. A.
As above.
Coll.).
24mm., 4.42grm.
of
to
have been
an
this appears
error, probably for Süq al-Ahwaz.
U
Misr. Year 313 A.H. =925/6 A.D.
*
*W**
44'
4-
—#–
—"— 4JW
A.
•
:
e
3–4°
•.
187.
ANs (ex Newell
Tiesenhausen (No. 2305), Fraehn listed, but did not dinar this mint and date “in the British Museum,” but to
describe,
a
According
2-call
UM. 25mm., 4.02grm.
[48
}
other dies
of
of
this issue, with different arrangements the pellets, have been published.
Specimens
of
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A. UM. 25mm., 4.199 rm.
-
‘ABB As ID GoLD
A.H. =925/6 A.D.
Hamadhán. Year 313
188.
*-* >
*W**
& crual
<- &l-e
-
—"— Ju
3:
2-call
J-31) ---
A'.
:•
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 3.96grm.
Tiesenhausen (No. 2311) lists and date.
undescribed
&-l
-
>
*
:
*W*
*
Misr. Year 314 A.H. =926/7 A.D.
189.
L-a
Ju
is
197)
this mint
J
--all
UM. 34.5mm, 4.27grm.
not described
in
the
be British Museum (Allan, NC,
full.
-
Ardabil. Year 318 A.H. =930 A.D. *V 3–4° &V. J2240
&
o
190.
p.
neath the reverse; another 1919,
VIII
Berlin (No. 1657) apparently has three pellets in
specimen
in
A
AV.
-
-
*A*->va
*-
©
©
U-
All!
ANs (ex Newell
B-sil
Coll.).
22mm., 3.64grm.
the British Museum
[49
|
not fully described.
(Allan, NC,
1919,
VIII
p.
specimen
in
PLATE
197)
is
A.
All
A
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As above.
dinar
of
an
PLATE
RAR E
IS LA M I C CO I NS
From the historical point of view this is an interesting and valuable coin, for it records the restoration of purely ‘Abbāsid control in Azerbaijan during the complicated marches and counter-marches involving the Sajid princes and several ‘Abbāsid governors. Vasmer has
of this involved
in minute detail the developments
traced
period.” Bardha'ah. Year 318 *V &l's 3–4°
-
[-
A.H. =930 A.D.
JV: *-
:23): all
©
*A*-P-A.
o
J3-2
5-31) ---
te
A.
2-call
(ex Newell Coll.). 22mm., 4.16grm.
ANs
It
190 above.
of
number
politi Sajid
would appear
the only
be
course ‘Abbāsid
to
of
the same mint, but this
Bardha'ah,
reflects the same
A
as
No.
VIII
by
dirhams
that recorded
Azerbaijan.
Bardha'ah are known, and there are
of
dinars
of
cal situation
Arrán, north
of
the capital
believe, the unique purely ‘Abbāsid dinar
of
I
This
in
is,
PLATE
or
of
think, should establish the fact that Muflih's gov
of
320
that year, for there are dinars and dirhams A.H." bearing his name and that the Caliph
al-Muqtadir who was killed
the day mentioned.
i
p.
is
p.
50
J
[
of
a
in
“O monetakh
izuchennya Azerbaidjana,
5,
R.
R.
Sadjidov,” obssledavannya Izvestia obschestva pp. 22-51; see especially 44, where the BM specimen No. taken into account. Cf. also NHR, pp. 142ff. Bardha'ah, dated 323, struck by the latter, cited by Vasmer, op. cit., 44, Cf. dinar No. 27. 64 Ibid. 82
Vasmer,
on
Ardabil
the year 320, and before the
in
Shawwal
of
of
27th
of
ernorship began during the course
of
This specimen,
I
of
Bardha’ah dinar not struck the petty dynasts, and not bearing the name one the Caliph's mawlas, Wasif Muflib al-Yüsufi."
*
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Ju
of
191.
“ABB As ID GoLD 192.
-
Tustar min-al-Ahwaz.
*W**
3–4° &V.
&
cruel! 3:
——
J-31)
Year
318
313-yl
J.
A.H. =930 A.D.
L:
—#– Ju
2-call
-->
A. ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 24mm., 4.26grm.
One specimen of this issue has been published but not fully scribed." Filastin. Year
193.
*W**
A
A.H. =931 A.D.
&- ~ 5-la-l.
As above.
cruell 3:
3-3)
specimen
→l
A. UM. 24mm., 4.06grm.
of this issue has been published but not fully de
scribed."
-
Misr. Year 319 A.H. =931 A.D. < *_-e &--~~
\**
all W.
All
As above.
Av.
specimen
UM. 24.5mm., 4.02grm.
differs from published examples
the pellet beneath the reverse." p.
}
51
[
cf.
p.
Lane-Poole, NC, 1885 (op. cit.), No. 9a. Porter, NC, 1921, 325; Zambaur, NZ, 1922, Paris, No. 1145, Khedivial Library, Nos. 668, 668A.
**
of
This
10.
2-call
in
194.
**
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&
3–4°
319
de
the presence
-
R A RE
Misr. Year
195.
Margin
319
IS LA M I C CO I NS
A.H. =931 A.D.
as above.
—"— 4Ju 2-all
& cruel! 3:
J-l
5-3.) ©
196-198.
A. UM. 24mm., 3.85grm.
Al-Ahwāz. Year 320 A.H. =932 A.D.
<\#3 J.--> <-
2-call
-->
a
3 specimens: A. ANs
3-0)
→-->
(2 ex Newell Coll.). 26mm.,
25mm., 25mm.; 4.3ogrm., 3.39grm., 5.17grm. PLATE
A
VIII (No.
198)
Ermitage" is not described. Amid al-Dawlah was the title of the Vizier abu-Ali al-Husayn b. al Qāsim." similar
(?)
specimen in the
No mint. No date (Al-Muqtadir, 295-320 A.H. =908-932 A.D.). Nandi, sacred bull of Siva, Horseman, coat mail (?), helmeted, riding horse clining left; above, Ju ---all. of
silver dirhams
of
traordinary issues
the
of
4
fragment lacking) PLATE VIII
my knowledge, the only gold specimen
of
This
these
ex
Kabul “bull and horseman” type. The
the same type have most recently been discussed
John Walker, who tends toward the view that these coins were by
by
above,_*
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 19mm., 3.6ogrm. (about
to
ANs
is,
A.
left;
J.
to
in
re-
199.
in
of
of
52
|
69
54, No. 1019.
[
Markov,
p.
in
to
“propaganda pieces purposely struck the Caliph's moneyers Iraq, order win the approval the Hindu tribes the Kabul
*
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—#– Ju
:
& J.'...')
J-31
315°yu
Cf. Ties., No.
2357.
Gold
“ABB As ID
Valley." The
present unique dinar is not from the same dies as
in the ANS (see below, Nos. 348-9), but is
the silver specimens
otherwise of identical design.
s-- ~
321
A.H. =933 A.D. g-
313-yl
>
J Lawl
W.
3:
&
"W
All
©
*W*3 &L-23
-->
Tustar min-al-Ahwaz. Year
200.
Zambaur published but did not describe fully mint and date.”
&
A.H. =934 A.D.
322
4.23
J-a
o
4U
A.
"V gal-J) UM. 23mm., 3.86grm.
is
of
There are two published specimens this issue, but one lacks the pellet and the other not fully described.” Madinat al-Salām. Year
Jail
J-31)
A.H. =940 A.D.
329
<-->
f>0~!
3:
*W** g.:23 &- <&
202.
J gal-J)
*UW
-->
SU A. UM. 22mm., 4.14grm.
]
53
S. of
A.
al
of
in
of
à
la
I,
pt.
E.
120, No. 420. Khedivial Library, No. 693; Ties., No. 2929(a).
[
p.
71
in
of
is
of
70
“Islamic Coins with Hindu Types,” NC, 1946, pp. 121-128. The full bibliography previously published dirhams given this type the course this article. Cf. Altekar, “A Bull and Horseman Type Muqtadir Biliah Coin the Abbasid Caliph JNSI, VIII, pp. 75-78. [sic!] Ja'afar,” Numismatique Orientale,” NZ, 1914, von Zambaur, “Nouvelles Contributions 72
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*W*3
this
-
Misr. Year
201.
specimen
of
Newell Coll.). 23.5mm., 4.85grm.
ANs (ex
a
A'.
J-31) ---
RA R E
IS LA M I
C
CO
INS
- ~ U-
Mint? Year 336 A.H. =947/8 A.D.
203.
3:3
*W**
all -->ve
All
All J3-2
call
Margin undeciphered, possibly
*
A.
meaningless. UM. 22.5mm, 2.76grm. PLATE VIII
to
very strange coin, exceptionally
of
of
I
a
is
thin and underweight, and engraved with bold and clumsy characters. have had aban This
in
or
a
of
a
ra,
It
a
or
In be
to
a
if
of
tooth for the preposition we are confronted with four “teeth” and shin, final letter: even we take three the “teeth” sin
I
can make nothing
conventionalization
of
I
be a
does not appear
to
it: in it
writing Tustar. As for the reverse margin
of
a
a
a
of
to
a
of
Yāqüt find bewildering number possibilities. we still have many names whose letters would conform these possibilities, but likely site for none them seems mint. As last resort one might argue that the die-engraver inadvertently omitted one tooth the “Prophetic
recognized
other dynasties
Caliph, are excessively rare.” group late ‘Abbāsid dinars, most
on
of
al-Muti, other than those
which
as
is
he
The coins
of
Mission.”
of
be
no
of
of
of
a
in
to
in
or
of
lar to
a
There follows them simi published specimens but differing greater degree lesser respect from them their weights. For the study the metrol following ogy period the late ‘Abbāsid the list should some
54
of
|
No. 478; Paris, Nos. 1268-9.
[
Cf. BM,
i,
is
As the legends differ
in
way from the known dinars al-Nasir, al-Mustansir and al-Musta'sim, epigraphical description omitted. use.
78
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a
is
is
it
to
spite don the attempt read the name the mint the fact quite clearly written. that consists five “teeth” and final probably za, letter with tail which nun. Allowing one
‘ABB As ID
Gold
611 A.H. = 1214/5 A.D. A. ANS-MMA (ex Durkee Coll.). 31mm., 7.19grm.
204.
Madinat al-Salām. Year
205.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 612
A.H. = 1215/6 A.D. A. UM. 29.5mm., 6.84grm.
206-207.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 613 A.H. = 1216/7 A.D. UM. 30.5mm., 12.39grm. (ex Newell Coll.). 3omm., 11.56grm.
Madinat al-Salām.
615
A.H.
A.D.
1218/9
ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 24.5mm., 4.69grm. (pierced)
A.H.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 62o
A.D.
1223
be A.
A.D.
1240/1
ANS-MMA (ex Durkee
Coll.).
24.5mm., 7.81grm.
unpublished.
A.H.
ANs
A.D.
1243/4
(ex Newell Coll.). 28mm., 8.73grm.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 642 A.H.
=
A.
212. Madinat al-Salām. Year 641
1244/5
A.D.
ANS-MMA (ex Durkee Coll.). 29mm., 11.17grm. ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 28mm., 4.68grm. (ringed)
Madinat al-Salām. Year 643 A.H.
A.H.
= =
al-Salām. Year 654
Coll.).
1250/1
1256
27mm., 9.34grm.
A.D.
A.H.
A.D.
Coll.).
1258
55
26.5mm., 13.07grm.
A.D.
A.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 656
=
ANS-MMA (ex Durkee
|
219.
A.D.
ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 27.5mm., 5.32grm. (ringed)
A.
218. Madinat
=
Madinat al-Salām. Year 648 A.H.
UM. 28.5mm., 11.98grm.
1247/8
ANS-MMA (ex Durkee
[
217.
A.H.
al-Salām. Year 645 A.
216. Madinat
A.D.
1245/6 A.
215.
=
A.
A.
213-214.
A.D. Al-Nasir.
1225
=
This year appears
to
Madinat al-Salām. Year 638 A.H.
A.
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211.
A.H.
UM. 30mm., 7.60grm.
ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 27mm., 3.78grm.
=
A.
210. Madinat al-Salām. Year 622
=
A.
209.
Year
=
A'.
208.
ANs
=
Av.
Av.
UM. 26.5mm., 8.90grm.
IS LA M I
RA R E
C
CO
INS
I
am aware of only one other specimen” of this the last of ‘Ab basid coins. It must have been struck in the first six weeks of the
for al-Musta'sim was put to death and the ‘Abbāsid empire brought to an end by the Mongol Hülägü on the 14th of Safar, 656. year,
B. SILVER"
V
-
&V.
(?) A.H. =755/6 (?) A.D.
4.5
** 3:3
138
Ua
Antákiyah. Year
oo ooooooooo A.
Annulets:
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
24mm., 3.98grm.
VIII
for
188
and the mint
168,
J.J1,
Fraehn,"
<Jaju, which
he
as
suggested might
or
certainly identical coin was published
almost
who read the date
ous
no
be
a
I
the coin and the
the fact that one would not
be
or
1
in
<J.J)
or
I
of
be
to
of
what appears << tantalizing particularly view
a
as
30," No. 222
of
in
in
Ties. No. 1443.
56
|
with
[
Recensio,
is
the Museum the American Numismatic Society number Museum Collection there are eighty-two. Noteworthy specimens among few from other sources, are described the following pages. =
these, together
a
the University
p.
in
* ** 821;
“tooth”
p.
Allan, NC, 1919, 198. The ‘Abbāsid silver coins
faultily
a
is
at
of
the definite article. Likewise, the kaf the right, giving the impression that there
the expected lam engraved
is a
it
is
It
on
a
to
completely unknown town encounter mint early finally dawned the ‘Abbāsid period. me that the mint, like the date, somewhat clumsily written, and that the second letter, being slightly more elongated than nun, and not should be,
in
likely
have
that period. As for the mint must con spent many hours hunting for some likely interpretation
is
I
fess that
for
the style
simple stroke.
of
is
little doubt that 138 epigraphy definitely
correct,
as
in
it
be
it
as
assume that the mim had been written
of
to
is
is
as
is
of
be
but left the problem unsolved. admittedly equivocal: the second stroke The date the decade high lam, reading not should for but other than thirty eighty, but possible, unless that case one would have
76
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An
by
PLATE
he
220.
ya is
it;
“ABB As ID s ILVER
and finally the almost imperceptible. Admittedly these adjustments are numerous, but am quite confident that Antákiyah intended.
of
the sole evidence the beginning Antioch before the
the issue
abandonment for nearly two centuries must
be a
well
be
a
early ‘Abbāsid days might
but the reason for
of
in of
this important city
its
a
at
Muslim mint the fourth century the Hijrah.” The establishment existence
expected,
*k
ooooo ooo
ANs. 25mm., 2.85grm.
VIII
To my knowledge
~
•
J-4513
A.H. =763/4 A.D.
-- ~
&l=\
ooooo
Antákiyah appears 307 (Ties., 325; dated 306 (Porter, NC, 1921,
No.
specimen
be
1862." to
in
A
of
27mm, 2.89grm.
Arrán.
p.
is
ANs.
22.76); and Zambaur, NZ,
-
Soret).
57]
the reprint pagination
of
to
is
Ties., No. 754 (where the reference
[
104
Bartholomae's third letter
to
1862,
=
RNB,
p.
* 78
p.
I
The earliest known dirham the only dinar which have noted 1922, 10). Paris, No. 1685.
of
Bartholomae
77
was listed
the second known ‘Abbāsid issue by
This
is
AR.
Annulets:
with have
cf.
*3
146
have met
26.5mm., 2.61grm.
"..
published specimens that
Arrán. Year
Coll.).
ANs (ex Starosselsky
I
All
*3%u
o
oo
AR.
o
Annulets:
A.H. =758/9 A.D.
141
s--
3-4-13
o
**
o o
Al-Kufah. Year
222.
Istakhr
A.H.”
140
oo
one dated
the only other ‘Abbāsid dirham
of
PLATE
is
AR.
oo ~
&-
** 3:3
A.H. =756/7 A.D.
139
oo
Istakhr. Year
Annulets: ooo
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mint
matter for speculation.
221.
223.
in of
correct,
is
be
this reading
of
If
is
I
before
IS LA M I C
R A R E 224.
C O I
NS
-
Arrán. Year 149 A.H. =766/7 A.D. ≤ ** 3:213 &-
ooooo
AR.
Annulets:
Al-Muhammadiyah.
Described
Year
NHR, No.
in
225.
149
26.5mm, 2.86grm.
ANs.
A.H. =766/7 A.D.
The letter beneath the reverse area
51C.
(ex Wood Coll.). 26mm., 2.81grm.
Al-Muhammadiyah. Year 157 A.H. =773/4 A.D. ** 3:-->3 &<-->dU
*
~
226.
ANs
>!
->
V
(s-all
J-31)
-->l
Annulets:
oo oo oo oo UM. 27mm., 2.71grm.
AR.
o o
o
oo
of
of
I
o
J3-2 --> All gle
r":
AR,
&-ell
59.
58
}
No. 66 (p. 23) =NHR, No.
[
Tornberg,
in
a
A.H. =778/9 A.D.
ANs.
J)
-
162
(3.1
o
o
oo
:
159
the year 157."
Madinat al-Salām. Year
** 3:- 3:1
believe
&l=
|
of
be
specimen
Annulets:
an
the Istanbul Museum, but
accepted. Furthermore Tornberg's dirham
probably
227.
in
I
had seen
may now a
is it
this year which
I
In
in
I
Mint and date are very badly written, but am quite confident that they have been read correctly. This coin fills blank the (p. Rayy series. unpublished rejected NHR 37) dirham
80
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-*
&
AR.
oo
in
shape from the usual variety. differs Annulets: oo oo oo
24mm, 2.87grm.
‘ABBA's ID SILVER
This variety, with this particular arrangement of pellets, appears to be unpublished. 228. Al-‘Abbāsiyah.
** 5-3
Year 168 A.H. =784/5 A.D. &V. *-U-IV
Annulets:
oo o o oo
--
calā
On
Coll.). 25mm, O
apparently similar specimen, Fraehn read
** 3-3
-
229. Al-Muhammadiyah.
Year
(sic)
&V.
168
2.5ogrm.
81 •
-N->
A.H. =784/5 A.D.
--->4
AR.
Annulets: ooooooooo ANs (ex Nies
Coll.).
26mm., 2.66grm.
NHR,
date.
W *
J.3->
--> w-
Obverse area enclosed chain marginal legend. border. No
>
No mint. No
by
230.
in
This curious coin has been described and illustrated No. 68C.
all
cs:* >y)
Annulets:
oooo
P
&
&
&J
AR.
No marginal legend. GCM
(Teheran, 1935). 12mm., o.5ogrm.
Ties., No. 1044.
59 |
[
6,” No. 111
identify the governor, Yahyà
=
Recensio,
p.
have not been able
b.
to
PLATE
* I
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ANs (ex Newell
•
•
•
an
AR.
*_j.
VIII
al-Rabi';
RA
IS LA M I
R E
CO I
C
NS
of
Al-Yamāmah.
-
** 3:-
ooo
be
all
at
g-
>
J.J." All J3-2
o o
ge_ll
[
AR.
*
J-31)
ANs
-->
w
-->
(ex Wood Coll.). 25mm., 2.7ogrm.
reckon
at
A.H.)
existence.
least seven distinct issues.”
at
of
issues
VIII
this mint during the
Of the
year 170 alone
I
three years (169-171
its
bewildering number
of
is
a
PLATE
The present one appears
be
oo
of
A.H. =786/7 A.D.
(*)33-A
There
to
in
:-3
to
170
o
o
o
#3–0
oo
all gle
V
-
** 3:-
*
-->
All J.3->
ooo
unpublished issue and the latest striking -
Al-Härüniyah. Year
Annulets:
in
et
i,
3.
to
7.
}
[60
1241;
5.
2.
=
i,
=
6.
=
Ties., No. 1117 =BM, No. 744; No. 230 Berlin, No. 1240(?); Ties, No. 1119 Berlin, No. 1242(?); No. 4.
is
b.
b.
e
is
i,
It
of p.
4o
1.
p.
. . .
a
of
82
Yahyà The Kufic seal man named Ahmad Rabi' illustrated Adler's Collectio Nova Numorum Cuficorum Museis Borgiano Adleriano (Copenhagen, 1792), permissible, but perhaps fanciful, conjecture that this (cf. 181). person was the son the unidentified governor. BM, Ties., No. 1099 =BM, Paris, No. 139 Paris, No. 743; No. 140; 88
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this short-lived mint. 233.
datable
(ex Wood Coll.). 26mm., 25mm.; 2.94grm., 2.82grm.
an
be
AR,
to
2
This appears
ANs
the
the Hijrah.
specimens:
events,
A.H. =786/7 A.D.
170
*u-JV
ooo
o
Annulets:
Year
style
>
231-232.
o
the second half
similarity
must,
the second century
o
in
coins issued during al-Mahdi's rule.
of
of
have placed this coin here because
It
I
its
his name does not appear in the early chronicles.” Fractional dirhams are rare, and the absence of mint and date is quite extraordinary.
Ties., No. 1118=Berlin, Library, No. 397.
Khedivial
“ABB As ID s ILVER
No. 1240 (=Ties, No. 1118?), and I publish it here only because it may assist in untangling the whole series. the same as Berlin,
so.
The name at the top is doubtful; and 35_a in the fourth line of
Annulets:
oo
Above and
A.H. =789/90 A.D.
173
:
*-
Ifriqiyah. Year ** 5-3 eit in
-* J3-2
oooo
-A-Pva
AUl
>
annulet border:
*
234.
*w
the reverse is equally
J3_*
AR.
C3 (ex Newell Coll.). 25mm, 2.78grm.
ANs
This specimen differs from the published varieties.” Al-Mubarakah.
as
oooo
&
oo
A.H. =790/1 A.D.
Year 174 sulu
** 3-3 &Annulets:
(apparently)
-
Year
oo
NHR, No.
74B.
&
A.H. =792/3 A.D.
AR.
4.
oo
oo
Annulets:
oo
-
J-3
176
J1
Madinat al-Salām. Year *3 f2.
(ex Wood Coll.). 25.5mm., 2.90grm.
ANs
in
AR.
oo
&
co oo
This coin has been described 237.
A.H. =790/1 A.D.
174
->dU
-
&2)
Annulets:
oo
** 5-3
(ex Wood Coll.). 25.5mm, 2.55grm.
ANs
the word sanah.
Al-Muhammadiyah. oo
236.
of
AR.
J-a,
Note the omission
GCM
(Istanbul, 1933). 22mm., 1.67grm.
}
61
[
is
Ties., No. 1178 (p. 303) most nearly like but lacks the name margin. Cf. also Ties., Nos. 1177-8, Berlin, Nos. 966-8.
in
it,
PLATE
*
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235.
VIII
the
obverse
RA
R E
IS LA M I C CO I NS
This is an extremely rare year in the otherwise plentiful series of Baghdad.
am aware of only one other specimen, a fragment found hoard in East Prussia in 1866."
a
Al-Muhammadiyah. Year 178 A.H. =794/5 A.D. ** &W-> <- *->lu
238.
5-3
oooooooo AR.
Al-Küfah. Year
239.
3:
180
-
**
33%
@@
Annulets:
in
This coin has been described
NHR, No.
79A.
A.H. =796/7 A.D.
G)
J3-2 -->
3-yl U-yl
** 3:3
-->]
ANs (ex Newell
only one other specimen
of
AR.
I
of
Year
240. San'a.
U-1
V
-->
Coll.). 25mm,
2.84grm.
this issue."
A.H. =801 A.D.
185
J--> <- V-a: of
minute groups
letters
(rest effaced) AR.
ANs. 18.5mm., 1.28grm.
and this coin establishes the fact that
was also
office
185." in
=
p.
p.
cf.
pp. 649, 740; Zambaur, Manuel, 113. He was still active (as gov (Tabari, III, pp. 712, 730).
62
|
191 and 192 A.H.
[
in
*Tabari, III, ernor?)
=
p.
in
*
F.
85
ZDMG, 1866, Nesselmann, G. H. 610 Ties., No. 2787. Ties., No. 2794 (not described detail). Recensio, 25," No. 199 Ties., No. 1387. The word beneath the reverse area was, here, illegible.
as
in
184
in
Mecca and the Yaman
(al-Barbari)
he
was governor
Hammâd
AH.,
VIII
this fractional dirham has been published.”
of
One specimen
of
PLATE
in
o
Annulets:
oo
2
©
O
•V->
87
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J:-31)
am aware
ANs. 25mm., 2.84grm.
4
Annulets: o
J.
in
I
sILVER
“ABB As ID 241.
-
Al-Muhammadiyah.
** 3:3
Annulets:
*-
Year :-->dU
186
A.H. =802 A.D.
oooo
oo
AR. ANS.
24mm., 2.90grm.
This coin is described in NHR, No. 87F. 242.
Madinat al-Salām. Year
** 3:3 -- ~ Annulets:
186
A.H. =802 A.D.
&-
*X-J
*
all
oo
o oo o oo o
J-yl
-->
J.3->
L-yl
3-3) →l
V
4 U-
& -->
oooo
,
above the reverse
&
-
&
193
A.H.
=809
A.D. <-->
(rest effaced)
* * *J1
All J.3->
~
ri-,
-->
&l=
|
Annulets:
(ex Newell Coll.). 26mm, 2.93grm.
here.
Madinat Balkh. Year
** 3-3
ANs
unique unless Tornberg's as
-
in
is
fact
44
243.
names
180.
63
]
No.
[
Ties., No. 2807. Ties., No. 1520. Ties., No. 1542; BM,
i,
in
b.
al-Hakam Sinän are present the following year.”
coin
Harthamah
issue
of
an
those
b.
full
a
the year 192"; and the
on
of
The reverse area legends are similar
on
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm, 2.56grm. (frag. lacking)
of
ANs
of to
AR.
røJ.
91 90 89
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This specimen area"
is
AR.
Jia
Zaranj
Ā’yan and
the same mint struck
R A R E
** 3-3
44
A.H. =809 A.D.
193
>3'--
~~~ all
(Q)
©
Q)
@
Point under ba of duriba. Annulets: © (Q)
I NS
4) J3-2 33-ul U-yl
->
AR.
ANs
J
G3
&
5-31
4
J-ll +
V
-
Nisabür. Year
CO
×l
244. Madinat
IS LA M I C
-->l
-->
(ex Newell Coll.). 21.5mm., 3.95grm.
it
in
of
in
of
ba
i,
in
This specimen differs from BM, No. 245, that lacks the Ties, area; name ‘Uthmān beneath the reverse and from No. 1560, the presence the point under the duriba. Another speci men lacking the name ‘Uthmān was found the Stora Velinge hoard.”
J-V
oo
&
* *N)
o o
oo
o
o
&21
A.H. =809/10 A.D.
o
-
** 5-3
194
J3-2 --> Al
Madin Bajunais. Year Annulets:
14 J-31 ->
U
-->
Similar 246.
to
-A-e
Ties., No.
2820.
*-
Madinat Samarqand. Year
** 5-3
J--> <-
AR. ANS.
:
195
All
-* 4J)
J3-2 -->
3:31)
@@@@
Q
©
Annulets:
23.5mm., 3.09grm.
A.H.=810/1 A.D.
*
—#—
--
33-ul
Jail)
No. 558,
64
p.
1941,
|
Linder-Welin, NNA,
[
Ulla
S.
AR. ANS.
**
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245.
99.
24mm., 2.5Igrm.
several respects from
published specimens
this year and mint.
Madin Bājunais. Year 195 A.H. =810/1 A.D. ** 5-3 J--> <- J-->W &-oo
3.913
3
oo
oo
all J3-2 --> *...*J) Jel V." 4
o
Annulets:
o
247.
o
of
This coin differs in
SILVER all
“ABB As ID
--
&:-31)
~~~
Ties, No.
248. Madinat
all
oo
J3-2 --> >! V- all 33-ul tuy
*
oo oo oo
oo
3
Annulets:
o
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 23.5mm, 2.82grm.
minor detail from one
in
This specimen differs
in
AR.
J-all
the British
Museum.”
-
Annulets:
oo
*-
oooo
&
196
&
** 3:-
3
Madinat Balkh. Year
249.
A.H. =811/2 A.D.
As above, but large pellet be al-Fadl (none above), and point over al-Fadl.
ANs
(ex Nies Coll.). 24mm, 2.84grm.
detail from published varieties.
65 |
58, No. 3oox.
[
ix,
BM,
p.
This specimen differs
in
AR.
få of
neath
*
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A.H. =810/1 A.D.
Harât. Year 195 J--> <- cl_*
** 3:-
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 2.68grm.
ANs
1604.
oo
Similar
oo
to
AR.
3_”
IS LA M I C CO INS
** 5-3
A.H. =811/2 A.D.
196
All
~~~
(V-yl 4
*
--
33-ul
J-all
ANs
There are several published varieties none like this in detail.
&-
A.H. =812/3 A.D.
197
-
** 5-3
this mint and date, but
&
Madinat al-Salām. Year
251.
(Wood Coll.). 25mm, 2.8ogrm.
of
AR.
*
ooo
e o o
oo
oo
o
oo
3:31) oo
Annulets:
J3-2 -->
•ll)
C
V
----
Madinat Samarqand. Year
250.
Lal
RARE
f2.J.
Annulets: ooooo
"I
g
-A-2Ea
4-la-J)
the year 176 (see
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 2.90grm.
No. 237 above) specimens
of
As
in
AR.
Ooo
the Baghdad
and curiously rare. The only other pub my attention" appears lished coin that has come bear the Caliph, but find this description difficult name al-Ma'mun events, would appear credit. The present coin, the last
mint for
Dimishq. Year
Annulets:
o
** 5-3 oo
&\*
to
be
to
all
the capital.
-
198
A.H. =813/4 A.D. 54-4 -A-Pve
All J3-2
-->
33-ul twyl
in
Blurred word third quarter of annulet border.
AR.
J-31 ---
~
252.
al-Amin
at
issue
of
at
I
as
of
to
to
197 are excessively
J
[
66
*
ANs. 25mm., 2.83grm.
PLATE Ties., No. 1650.
*
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All J3-2
3-yl
VIII
SILVER
"ABBA's ID
‘Abbāsid coins of Damascus are remarkably rare. Not only is this coin apparently unpublished but of proximate years I have noted only one specimen of the year 194 and two of the year 200.” The present issue is the first
of
is not only satisfactory
confirmation, but in some respects valuable
of dirhams issued by an individual named Muhammad b. Salih b. Bayhas al-Kilâbi, who calls himself simply Muhammad b. Bayhas on the coins. The numismatic record a series
elaboration, of the somewhat vague accounts in the chronicles of developments in and about Damascus at the turn of the century.
b.
195 A.H.
the leader
of on
to
no
the year
scene toward the end
the the
by
of
Kalbite faction, took possession
the principal cities
of
to
in
b.
‘Abbāsid forces opposing the Umayyad pretender ‘Ali 'Abdullāh al-Sufyani, who his attempt seize the Caliphate and aided northern Syria. The issue became one rivalry, Kalbite-Kaisite and we next Ibn-Bayhas besieged Damascus whose Kaisite inhabitants learn that
women's
the year 198.
Ibn
Damascus” (witness the coins), and b.
“remained there until ‘Abdullah
Tahir came
to
Bayhas became the “Lord
Muharram
in
This event took place
of
him, while al-Sufyāni escaped
of
clothes.
to
surrendered the city
in
of
the
Damascus.”
in
**
Berlin, No. 1262; Ties., No. 1705; Paris, No. 907. 200 A.H.: Ties., No. 1705, Paris, No. 907; 204 A.H.: ANS, No. 257 below; 205 A.H.: Paris, No. 908, and one, unpublished, the Princeton University Collection; 208 A.H.: Ties., No. 1796; 209 A.H.: Ties., No. 1801. 97
Ties., No. 1809. His full name Yâqüt tioned (Yāqüt, IV, 53;
of
be
to
to
is
p.
of
p.
p.
of I.,
to
94
E.
p.
in
is a
of
in
its
at
an is
cf.
given
b.
p.
as
by
*
first occurrence Ibn-al-Athir (VI, 172). He men authority on the residents Qarāhtā', village belonging Damascus Le Strange, Palestine, 479). He not confused with abu Bayhas al-Haysam Jābir, the Khāriiite, founder the Bayhasiyah branch the sect, who was executed the year A.H. after fleeing Medina from al-Hajjāj's persecution (cf. Mas'udi, Murilj, V, 230; s.v. Abū Baihas). For the name, Bayhas (“lion”), see Ibn-Dorayd (ed. Wüstenfeld, Göttingen, 1854), 227.
|
[
67
cf.
p.
Ibn-al-Athir, VI, pp. 172-3; Ibn-Khaldūn, III, Weil, Geschichte der Chalifen, 235; pp. 187-8; Fraehn, apud Tiesenhausen, No. 1705, quoting Ibn-'Asakir.
* II,
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usually called," first appears as
Ibn-Bayhas,
is
the year 211, bears
of he
account,
Bayhas." The next known name.” According the historical
Muhammad
as
issue,
of
bearing the name
of
all
The coin evidence begins with the present dirham, dated 198 A.H. There follow issues of the years 200, 204, 205, 208 and 209,
IS LA M I C CO I NS
RARE
Now I have failed to find exact mention of the date when the famous Táhirid general and statesman “came to Damascus,” but it seems in
all
fairly well established that al-Ma'mun appointed him governor of the territory lying between Raqqah and Egypt 206 A.H.” to
to
he
to
b.
of
Ibn-Bayhas, that ‘Abdullāh The chronicles then say, apropos Egypt, returned Tāhir thereupon went Damascus and took ‘Irāq, “where Ibn-Bayhas with him died.”
of
b.
the effect that Ibn-Bayhas died
think we must assume that this
in
to
report
is
I
210," but
a
this chronology
is
in
to
factor in
to
‘Irāq appears Tahir's return from Egypt and march have been toward the end the year 211." The only discordant
‘Abdullah
error. Otherwise,
come
of
known Damascus issue
one
of
I
as
I
to
below, the coins and the chron icles complement each other admirably; have noted above, the
with one exception which
the year 211 omits the name
Ibn
x-
by
of
to
in
a
is
of of
dirham the year 203, listed Porter among the coins the University Beirut Collection,” the reverse which bears inscriptions similar the present coin with one im
The exception
al
&
A
3:
of
be
portant difference: above, and beneath. This would Muhammad, the son al-Rashid, Hârün later the Caliph
of
to
Mu'tasim. Zambaur" attempts reconcile this issue with Muham Syria and Egypt mad's (al-Mu'tasim's) honorary governorship
of
28
p.
(who
gives
Damascus). 52
(end
‘Abd Allāh
b.
s.v.
II,
transl.,
p.
396
I.,
p.
cf.
of =
another account);
E.
Rajab, 212, according
235. Slane,
I,
Ibn-Khaldūn, III, Ibn-Khallikân, ed.
173;
1098,
government
say 205 and
p.
I.,
p.
‘Abdullāh's de
p.
the commencement
VI,
some
b.
p.
of
E.
Ibn-Khaldūn, III, 252 (206 A.H., “and Tāhir, Zambaur, Manuel, Allāh
s.v. ‘Abd
to
in
211
or
of
101 Ibn-al-Athir, 102 Tabari, III,
257;
of
of
as
cf.
Ibn-al-Athir, VI,
p.
100
some say 207”); 205 the date
p.
cf.
p.
he
of
in b.
in
p.
to to
is
to to
&
I,
Tāhir. Matthes), 606; Yāqüt, index, 667, where 108 Ibn-Taghri-Birdi (ed. Juynboll Aghāni, XV, 88, mistakenly interchanged with the Ibn-Taghri Wüstenfeld's reference Salih, al-'Alawi. Ibn-Bayhas (Ibn-Bahis Birdi reference, applies another Muhammad reported Ibn-Khaldūn) have taken part the revolt abu-Harb al-Mubarqa' (“the
in
of
II,
of p.
of I.,
cf.
p.
in
and
else the chroniclers
E.
227 A.H.,
time;
or
in
jail. Thus have been captured and put was still active have confused the dramatis personae the two rather similar uprisings (Tabari, III, pp. 1320, 1322; Ibn-al-Athir, VI, pp. 372, 376; Ibn Weil, Geschichte der Chalifen, Khaldūn, III, 270; s.v. al-Wāthik; 332). Incidentally, Ibn-Taghri-Birdi calls Ibn-Bayhas amir al-gharh, the exact significance which this context escapes me: certainly there can be no connection with northern Morocco, the Veiled”) al-Wäthio's
105
68
NZ,
1922,
I.,
western Syria. Cf.
320.
p. E. 7. of
1921,
}
NC,
[
104
p.
usual meaning. Probably the term applied
to
in
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Bayhas.
s.v. Gharb.
‘ABB As ID
s1 LVER
(“allerdings etwas später"). But this was very considerably later—
212." Is it not
in
possible that Porter misread the words beneath the
Otherwise this apparent interruption over Damascus is difficult to explain.
in Ibn-Bayhas
reverse?
rule
by
so,
The blurred word in the obverse border is probably the same as that which appears on the specimens of the year 200 and that of the year 204, No. 257 infra, i.e., &au. I do not know what it signifies. Can it be 4 ×, Tabük? Fraehn (Ties, No. 1705), reading it ad a
in
was there that the Prophet won bloodless victory and treaty with the Christians and Jews, setting precedent a
it
a
of
on
of
a
at
I
can discover
the payment the other possible reading the legend to
significance with respect
of
jizyah.”
no
9
A.H., and
arrived far-reaching
to
of
to
the coin and can only suggest that we have here some obscure ref Ibn-Bayhas, perhaps because erence the surrender Damascus
(?).
his victory too was bloodless
&O
*3%u
O O
Annulets:
A.H. =815 A.D.
199
o
&A-53
©
*3
-
Al-Küfah. Year
253.
©
g-ku
J 4:-
AR.
(Qur'ân, LXI, ANs (ex
Newell Coll.). 23.5mm.,
2.85
VIII
PLATE
G. &
rgus
4)
--
c”->
G-
33:
Margin:
-
Jiey)
grm.
in
a
is, as
p.
in
of
in
of
of of
p.
honorary gov 196 Ibn-Khaldūn, III, 255. Zambaur (Manuel, 28) has al-Mu'tasim 213, and (p. 27) Egypt incidentally, ernor Damascus the same year. There dinar Misr the year 214 (Berlin, No. 1316), bearing al-Mu'tasim's name the form abu-Ishāq, his kunyah.
69
Hitti, History
of
Philip
K.
Tabük;
cf.
s.v.
|
I.,
of
pp. 824-5;
[
II 9.
E.
107 Yāqüt, p.
I,
of
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of
it
to
of
in
the frontier between Arab and Byzantine lands the early days Islam, far Damascus; the south was the farthest point campaign which Muhammad advanced the the year to
Tabük lay
of on
of
mitted that any connection with the famous place that name was improbable, and suggested the possibility moneyer's name.
the Arabs,
IS LA M
RAR E
IC
I NS
CO
This remarkable issue has been described more than once," but
pre the
Abu'l
Mansur (or
his claimed is
in
connection with this issue the the chronicles that Abu'l-Sarāyā struck dirhams The Qur'ânic quotation reads: “Verily Allāh loves battle-ranks like
a
his path, ranged
in
who fight
in
al-Küfah."
at
in
statement those
of
Ma'mun's reign. He called himself Fātimi because
‘Alid descent. Of special interest
dis
of
in
of
of
Sarāyā), the famous ‘Alid brigand whose revolt ten months turbed the southern provinces the empire the early days
al
al-Sari
b.
reverse area) was the fictitious name
of
its
curiosity and relative rarity this almost perfectly served specimen deserves publication here. Al-Asfar (beneath
in view of
compact
building.”
Al-Rafiqah. Year
200
Ju
«»l
-
&:
A.H. =815/6 A.D.
O
common dirham mint, except the third century the Hijrah; find
no
I
of
no means
in
year 190 and later
25.5mm., 2.90grm.
a
by
Al-Rafiqah
is
AR. ANS.
in
O O
O
o
O
Annulets: ooo
o o o
Jaul.
the
pub
is
51, No. 15. Another specimen
313; RNB, 1870,
p.
al-Jazirah and commander-in-chief listed but not described
at
Syria.
244;
E.
in
(Dhü’l-Yaminayn),
in
b.
al-Husayn
ZDMG, XXII, pp. 706-7, XXIII, p.
108 C.-J. Tornberg, Zambaur, NZ, 1905,
Tāhir
p.
this time governor
of
“Tāhir” must refer
to
in
lished specimens with exact date preserved between the year 193 and 208;" and none again until the year 259. the present one; then one
p.
von
Markov,
66.
I,
p.
|
[70
s.v. al-Sari
b.
of
E.
is
of
A.
cf.
S.
110 Ulla
of
reported); the rebel's striking dirhams pp. 502-3. Der Islam im Morgen- und Abendland, Linder-Welin, NNA, 1941, Nos. 681-2, 102.
line where the fact Mansur; Müller,
I.,
p.
in
of
be
Tabari, III, pp. 976ff.; Ibn-al-Athir, VI, pp. the revolt may read 212ff, 217ff.; Mas'udi, Murilj, VII, pp. 55ff.; Ibn-Khaldūn, III, pp. 242ff, (especially 243, 10" Accounts
7,
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254.
“ABB As ID s ILVER
Al-Kufah. Year
255.
A.H. =816/7 A.D.
201
3:V's s--! ~ **śl,
Oooo ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 2.89grm.
of
AR.
o 22
Samarqand. Year 202
256.
Fraehn," differs
is
by
The specimen this year and mint described from the present. Another piece listed Casanova
by
Annulets: © 22°C)
not described.”
A.H. =817/8 A.D. All
AR.
ANs
V.
3-0 +
&
&l
J.
G"
Gle
£3 G-3
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 22mm., 2.04grm. PLATE
of
of
of
in
by
cited
by
in
the absence
VIII
the arrangement the lines and “al-Mashriq” and “Dhu’l-Ri'āsatayn” from those
The present specimen differs
Tiesenhausen and that described
Lane-Poole.” These
of
is
of an
of
its
as
of
remarkable issues the Eighth Imām ‘Ali al-Ridā heir apparent general his the Arab Empire are well known.” Aside from epigraphical document torical interest the present coin some
the end are engraved
it
is a
I
of
the
not
is a
the reduced size
the long inscription. counterfeit, counterfeit—at least,
if
is a
believe the coin
al-Ridä from the
it do of
cursive characters, coin and the consequent crowding
to
the reverse expedient caused
by on
fifth line
of
the
an
word ‘Ali
in
noted that the digit “two” and the genealogy
of
It
of
if
importance, for we have here one the earliest, not the earliest, the use of Naskhi characters on an Islamic coin. will be
instance
in
contemporary one, for the obverse outer margin, the reverse margin
|
the circumstances see my 71
account
No. 289.
[
For
*
1718.
i,
No.
Ties., No. 1730; BM,
of
**
111 Ties.,
an
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3-4.
4
*
XXX,
U-yl &
Qur’ān,
V-J
&
margin and the last line the area. Outer margin:
All J3-2 --> All &l= 33-ul
the inner
of
ventionalizations
in
There are several errors or con-
Casanova, No. 545.
NHR,
pp. 103-4.
RA
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R E
and the first part of the reverse area are in well-understood and clearly executed Kufic.
3:23 Annulets:
At
-
Dimishq. Year 204
257.
&2)
o oo o oo
A.H. =819/20 A.D.
3-4
-A->
o........
4) J3-2 -->
*au
top, in annulet border:
33-ul twy
J-31 -cré'
~
J.
*
Point under ba of bin and un AR.
der ba of Bayhas. ANs
(ex Wood Coll.). 24.5mm, 2.69grm.
IX
Al-Basrah. Year
&:V:
J--
~
258.
the present piece.
205
A.H. =820/1 A.D.
*-*. Qur’ān, XXX,
J
"
context
of
is
to
in
of
This unique coin has been mentioned the discussion No. 252 above. The reader referred that discussion for the historical
Outer margin: 3-4, ending with annulet.
on
Five equidistant small pellets thin circle enclosing mar
of
known
Basrah struck
Ties., Nos. 1764-5, 1889. The other known specimen 196).
|
72
of
235."
[
*
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 2.93grm.
believe, only one other coin
between the years 204 and 1919,
ANs
is
I
There
is,
AR.
ginal legend.
p.
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PLATE
the year 220 (Allan, NC,
“ABB As ID SILVER
&
Madinat Zaranj. Year 205 &:V-3 J--> <- G-3 Annulets: ©ooee e
A.H. =820/1 A.D. &\-à &
*L*
all
259.
J-el
Annulets on double beaded
cir
AR.
@@@)
@
cle between area and margin: ANs. 26mm., 2.87grm.
IX
is,
PLATE
a
of
a
of
and 204 A.H. The person named above the reverse abi'l-Faraj, who, the chronicles record, area Ghassān ‘Abbād was lieutenant-governor Khurāsān under al-Hasan Sahl this governor judge year. Later, from 213-216, was Sind.” To ber between
by
of
he
b.
in
b.
of
is
b.
160
Outer
margin:
~
3:23 C-:
*
Madinat Isbahān. Year 209
260.
&W-1
Qur’ān
in
Zaranj
a
in
:
coins
of
whose name appears
who served
son
of
Egypt, Africa,
various times between 178 and 198
on
Mosul and Nisabür
career governor
a
Ā’yan,
in
I
he
Arabic sources. He must have been
the
at
b.
Harthamah
in b.
As
do not find him
in
Zaranj
of
dirham
of
a
the year 204,” where believe Hassān has Ghassān, already been read for was installed Khurāsān that A'yan Harthamah, year. area, for the name beneath the reverse
I
A.H.," and
193.”
A.H. =824/5 A.D.
XXX,
AU
(Teheran, 1935). 25mm., 2.81grm. 256;
cf.
VI,
Nisabür
202
Zambaur (Manuel, governor (of
and
as
as
in
sub-prefect and 203*) who names him Khurāsān?) 204. 79, No. 311 Ties., No. 1763. 118 Tornberg, Zambaur, Manuel, pp. 26, 36, 48, 63. }
73
[
120 Ties.,
No.
1542;
BM,
i,
=
*
p.
in
pp.
p.
GCM
116 Berlin, No. 1687, year 301. 117 Tabari, III, pp. 1042-3, 11oo, 1105; Ibn-al-Athir,
in
AR.
3-4.
48
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it
to
of
of
an
be
not only unique, but with the later," exception nearly century isolated issue the last Zaranj the ‘Abbāsid series which there are considerable num
This dirham appears
No.
180.
RA R
IS LA M I C
E
CO
I NS
Zambaur published a specimen of this year and mint but described it only as “type normal,” and a specimen in the British Museum also is not
fully described.”
Färs. Year
261.
209
-
5:V3 &margin:
Outer
XXX,
Qur’ān
* All
with annulet. AR.
3-4, ending
A.H. =824/5 A.D. -2\,
GCM
(Teheran). 26mm., 2.96grm. PLATE
IX
symbol
li'lláhi
puzzling.
of
appears
is
it
a
to
a
is
It
is
start 'ayn, unintelligible out word with the letter but the rest and countermark, although engraved seems more resemble on as
the reverse under
to
on
of
I
of
only one ‘Abbāsid coins Färs (Fāris) are very scarce. know issue antedating this, the year 203 A.H. (several specimens). The
3:23
U+*
210
A.H. =825/6 A.D.
~ -->
-->
33-ul
b.
al-Sari
is
o
o
AR.
o e
e
o
e
........
©
"All
‘Ubaydullah
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 22.5mm, 2.76grm.
the well-known
governor
Egypt, 206
A.H.
oooo
-->] C. gley) -->
J)
J3-2 -->
*N)
AV)
-ke
3-#1
1914,
p.
AR.
s:” ** NZ,
119, No. 409.
>]
V
33-ul twyl “ill
-->
ANs. 26mm., 2.96grm.
*** Allan, NC, 1919,
[74]
~~
*
oo
-
Annulets:
&
A.H. =826/7 A.D.
&
Madinat Arrán. Year 211 &:-5 5-42 &-- *- &lul
p.
263.
–
J &
s_-J
the area:
Beneath: Annulets:
2II
*-i-J
the 2nd and 3rd lines
Between
of
Misr. Year
262.
of
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the die.
195.
‘ABB As ID SILVER
The legends on the reverse are the same as those on the dirhams of Arrān dated 210.” There appears to be a dirham of the year 211 similar to the present one in the Ermitage.” 264.
Arminiyah. Year 218 A.H. =833 A.D. &:V-9 3--> --> <-
*-ū
No
annulets.
&
crual
AR.
3:31) --(ex Newell Coll.). 24.5mm, 2.87grm.
ANs
b.
of
it
of
is
This coin interest because differs from the only known Arminiyah dirham 218.” Al-‘Abbās Amir al-Mu'minin (very al-Ma'mun, who from the year 213 ‘Iraq and the northwest until his father's death was governor pretender against the Caliph frontier lands, and who later rose
of
on
of
in
b.
to
of
of
of
an
coins
in
Arrán 217 and 218, Arminiyah and also, apparently, issue 217.” The present Arminiyah issue probably antedates the other dirham 218 re Khāqān, above, which has the name ferred ‘Abd al-Rahmān completely unknown person who was doubtless lieutenant-gov on
al-Mu'tasim." His name appears
123 Ties., No. 1805; BM,
i,
ernor under al-‘Abbās al-Ma'mun's death.”
or
a
No.
else
took over the administration
upon
272.
b.
to
an
to
in
a
to
in
by b.
I.,
of
E.
p.
is
to
of
is
p.
. .
R.
Vasmer, “Chronologie der Statthalter von Armenien .”, *** Monumenta Armeno logica, 1927, 134, where reference made coin numbered 763A, accession the Ermitage since Markov's Inventory. The career ‘Abd al-A'la Ahmad with reference Ya'qubi’s account analyzed the coin and this article. 12" Allan, NC, 1919, 195. al-Ma'mun, and the authorities cited there. ** s.v. al-‘Abbās or
p.
p.
cit
136; Arminiyah, ** The Arrān coins cited Vasmer (op. under No. 263 above), NNA, 877, No. 774a, and Arminiyah, 217(?): Markov, 217 227: Linder-Welin, 1941, 100, No. 607. ** Cf. Vasmer, loc. cit.: “eine gånzlich unbekannte Persönlichkeit, welche nirgends erwähnt wird und über die, viel ich weiss, überhaupt nichts bekannt ist.”
75
|
[
so
p.
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as
of
of
clumsily written) was the son
R A R E 265.
IS LA M I C
CO
INS
San'a. Date effaced.
Annulets:
.....
OQ - - - - -
All
&ls
Margin: Qur’ān XXX, 3-4. AR. GCM.
13.5mm., O.75grm. PLATE IX
This exceptional one-third dirham (with the fraction indicated on the reverse) must have been struck toward the end of the second or the beginning of the third century of the Hijrah. The epigraphy is suggestive of the middle second century, but the use of Qur’ān XXX, 3-4, as a marginal legend was not introduced until about the time of al-Ma'mun." observation
of the author of the Hudud al-'Alam (372
A.H.)”
(the second largest town in the Yaman at that time), he wrote “their 12 dirhams weigh only 1 dirham's weight.” The present piece weighs o.75 grams; twelve of them would have weighed 9.00 grams (probably more, because this specimen is worn), a figure which bears no apparent relation to the standard weight
of
ever, the remark may have some obscure reference
Outer
-U
Misr. Year 223 A.H. =837/8 A.D. 5:V3 & #23 "
-
margin:
Qur’ān
XXX,
3-4.
AR,
1856
of
Tiesenhausen, No.
dirham.
How
to these thirds.
—#– AU\,
ANs
a
ra-l
(ex Newell Coll.). 27.5mm, 2.97grm.
the same
mint and date
is
266.
not described.
76
|
[
p.
p.
I,
cf.
p.
of
rubă'yāt (“quarters”): ed. 128a Maqrizi relates that al-Ma'mun ordered the striking 48; Sauvaire, Matériaux, Anastase-Marie St-Elie (Cairo, 1939), 157. ** Op. cit, under No. 173 above, 147. de
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An
may have some bearing on this fractional dirham: speaking of Zabid,
“ABB As ID s ILVER
Dimishq. Year 225
267.
&-te: J-->
&:V-3
Outer margin:
Qur’ān
A.H. =839/40 A.D. <- 54-4
XXX,
As above.
AR,
3-4 ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 25.5mm., 3.02grm.
of
in
No mint. No
date.
** J3
All
*A*-*
J3-
all
All-
All
93
|
-\,...)
(retrograde)
J
Counterfeit.
268.
in
of
is
of
There one specimen this issue the collection the Amer University Beirut, apparently (unpublished) ican and another the Istanbul Museum.”
J*-aall
33. ANs. 28mm., 3.92grm.
Dimishq. Year 228 4°3 &V*
&:V3 Outer
an
be
copy
attempt
margin:
Qur’ān
-
reproduce the
54-4
XXX,
(8)3 W.
All 77
|
322.
8.
this issue
322; Zambaur, NZ, 1922,
Giżll
(Istanbul, 1942). 25mm., 3.02grm. is
GCM
p.
AR. 1921,
[
1921,
p. p.
NC, NC,
of
The one published specimen ** Porter,
be
A.H. =842/3 A.D.
3-4.
131 Porter,
3-u_J1
of
to is
obviously
imitation here to
forgery
IX
al-Mu'tasim.
&
269.
of
cause the legend beneath one area and that beneath the other appears
(?)
a
place this curious contemporary
or
PLATE
name
of
be
imitations
33,
IX,
both
AR,
Qur'ân
to
Obverse and reverse margins appear
I
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o
not fully described.”
IS LA M I C
RARE
-
Dimishq. Year 230 A.H. =844/5 &:V-3 &# 54-4
270.
margin:
Outer
XXX,
Qur’ān
CO I
NS
A.D.
Apparently
nothing above.
neath, effaced. AR.
3-4.
by
ANs. 26mm., 2.90grm.
de
in
specimen
of
Porter, but not this year also was published scribed; Zambaur apparently had one his collection.”
A
Be
A.H. =846/7 A.D.
Al-Shāsh. Year 232 &:V's 5:3
-
271.
margin:
Outer
Ju-Jū XXX,
Qur’ān
—"—
3-4.
&:V's Outer
3:3
margin:
J--> <- sl-
Qur’ān
J
A.H.
235
849/50 A.D.
=
Surra man-ra'a, Year
XXX,
—"—
3-4.
AR.
All Gle J#3:ll
this mint and date, but none, this small size and engraved such advanced
all x2
so
in
J
A.H. =850/1 A.D. As above.
>]
--
~
Surra man-ra'a, Year 236 sl., &:W.
&
I
of
know, far ornamental Kufic characters. 273.
UM. 16mm, 2.92grm. PLATE IX
of
There are published specimens as
XXX,
78
p.
322; Zambaur, NZ, 1922, }
NC, 1921,
(ex Wood Coll.). 25mm., 2.93grm. (pierced)
[
** Porter,
ANs
8.
AR.
2.
Outer margin: Qur’ān, 3-4, ending with p.
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coins, among which
for this issue among the so-called Tāhirid may well have been published.
5
have not searched
272.
5:13
(ex Longworth Dames Coll.). 28.5mm., 3.15grm. (twice pierced)
ANs
it
I
AR.
4JW
“ABBASID SILVER
-
A.H. =851/2 A.D.
Isbahān. Year 237
274.
& #3 &As above.
&:V3
&W-k
As above. AR. ANS.
-
Dimishq. Year
275.
&:V-9 3-4-1 Area
A.H. =854/5 A.D.
240
3.
.
.
.
As above.
as above.
Outer margin:
27mm., 2.7Igrm.
XXX,
Qur’ān,
276.
Surra man-ra'a, Year &:V's J-4513 ~
*-
Outer
J
A.H. =857/8 A.D.
243
sl.,
As above.
5-all
4JW
margin:
XXX,
Qur’ān, AR.
3-4, partly effaced. ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 19mm., 2.92grm. (pierced)
Area
as
4-13
of
A.H. =857/8 A.D. 1
&:V3
&
Misr. Year 243 &
277-278.
Kufic.
the usual unadorned
J-a
&
legends are
in
is
is
of
The one published specimen this mint and date not de scribed.” Like No. 272 above, this coin reduced size, but the
As above.
above.
AR,
2.
Outer margin: Qur’ān, XXX, 3-4, ending with ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 26mm.; 2.43grm., (both specimens are fragmentary and one broken)
These and the succeeding
specimens
79
|
No. 1916.
[
183 Ties.,
to
a
to
oxidized, and appear have come from by Mr. Newell during Egypt. visit
of
is
specimens:
3.04grm.
a
2
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Newell Coll.). 26mm., 2.89grm. (frag. lacking)
ANs (ex
&
AR.
3-4, traces.
Misr are corroded and
hoard, probably acquired
R A R E
Misr. Year 244 A.H. =858/9 A.D. U-a &:V-9 3-4-13 &- *
-
Area
As above.
as above.
XXX,
-
XXX,
Qur’ān
ANs (ex Newell
22mm.,
2.90grm.
—"— All'.
J-ll
as
above.
specimens:
R.
-->
Outer margin
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 27mm., 27mm.; 2.88grm., 2.96grm.
lists but does not describe
dirham
Misr
of
Casanova
-
cruell
Coll.).
of
&
Misr. Year 249 A.H. =863/4 A.D. &:V's J-213 --~~
J-31
2
this
date.”
A.H. =864/5 A.D. &:V-3 &--> <- U-a 250
Area and outer margin
As above.
above.
ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 29mm., 28mm.; 2.87grm., 2.83grm. (frag. one specimen lacking)
of
specimens:
R.
Misr. Year
as
283-284.
2 184 No. 601.
[80
|
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281-282.
margin:
As above.
above.
&-
3-4.
25.5mm., 3.03grm.
--~~
AR.
Area
Outer
Coll.).
A.H. =861 A.D.
3:213 &as
&:
247
ANs (ex Newell
-
Misr. Year W*
280.
AR,
Outer margin: Qur’ān, 3-4, partly effaced.
a
279.
IS LA M I C CO I NS
‘ABB As ID
s
:
ILVER
Madinat Māh al-Kāfah. Year 251 A.H. =865 A.D. 3:ws s-- ~ **Q1 (sic) u
285.
3-2
margin:
Outer
Qur’ān
XXX,
3-4.
all
published specimen
Coll.).
21.5mm., 2.88grm.
of
AR.
3-5.) ANs (ex Wood
J
Jall
allu
to
to
be a
of
in
in
At
is,
A
this mint and date appears lack the evidently, written correctly.” word madinat and the word Māh this time and the region Māh al-Kufah the abu-Dulafids were issuing coins their own names, but this appears straight ‘Abbāsid issue."
dirham
Misr
of
(ex Newell Coll.). 22.5mm., 2.89grm. a
AR.
ANs
of
g.
as
As above.
above.
lists, but does not describe,
Casanova
this
date.”
Outer margin off the flan, lacking.
or
3-3
-
Makkah. Year 253 A.H. =867 A.D. ~~
5:V:
44
287.
all
&-l
Allu
a
is
in
photograph. PLATE IX
remarkable coin. Aside from the exceeding rarity Mecca,” the date (253), which unquestionable,
in of
**
from
is
struck
the plate
a
This
at is
smooth. The reproduction
is
of
is
AR
(billon?). ANs (ex Longworth Dames Coll.). 18.5mm., 3.77grm. The coin unusual fabric and worn quite
coins
con
=
p.
be
of
a
a
of
I
[81
}
I
of is
p.
(al-Mu'tazz)
the letter kaf off the flan, but believe there can little doubt about only three other ‘Abbāsid coins the mint. know Mecca: dinar dated 25x 47, No. 847); the Ermitage (Markov, dirham the year 289 (Berlin, of
top
the reading
in
*The
p.
Dorn, Nova Supplementa, Ties., No. 1952. 231, No. 312a 103; Vasmer, Dva Klada kuficheskikh Monet, pp. 46ff. Cf. Markov, 187 No. 608.
of
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Outer margin
. . .
Misr. Year 252 A.H. =866 A.D. &:V-3 &-->4 ~ U-a
286.
RARE
IS LA M I C CO I NS
junction with the name of the Caliph al-Musta'in, poses
Al-Musta'in was deposed in Shawwal,
252.
problem.
a
and was murdered on the 6th of possible explanations of the anomaly readily
Two
251
suggest themselves:
either an old reverse die was used, or else the mention of al-Musta'in's name is intentional and reflects an issue of
in view of al Musta'in's brief rule and of the rare mint, is not very likely. As for the latter I believe that the events of history provide us with the very facts we need to support, if not to prove, the correctness of the partisanship. The former
alternative, especially
suggested explanation.
In the year
251,
in consequence of disturbances
at Samarra,
al
forced by his cousin al-Mu'tazz to abdicate. According to the terms agreed upon by the two parties, al-Musta'in was guaranteed personal safety and the safety of his family, and he was to remove himself to Mecca, where he was to reside. Actually, according to the chronicles, he never reached Mecca, for he was prevented from going there, and,
Now it is not at
improbable that,
in
252, as stated above.
all
after a short visit at Wäsit, he was assassinated near Samarra late in
con
3
to
temporary capital. Such explanation coin
of
a
exile but pertinent
in
an
a
place Mecca was not simply argument would certainly
a
We may imagine that
Muharram, 252. his own account until them, and probably al-Musta'in himself,
in be of
did not announce
to on
he
at
in
formance with the abdication terms, al-Musta'in's partisans struck coins Mecca his name after his abdication, which incidentally
to
|
[
82
it
be that
a
as
of
dinar the year 325 (O. wrongly described is
a 289
by
g-_5
al-Musta'in's rights
242); and
specimen
dinar).
of
to
a
at
solve the riddle. Can
of
in
Z.
Adolf Erman für N., 1881, NC, 1902, 273, where the Berlin p.
1638;
loss
posthumous recognition
cf.
No.
Codrington,
still
p.
we have here
a
reach Mecca, one
is
it
of
is
to
252.
I
al-Musta'in's name
of
in
explain this post But how prepared humous issue 253? Unless one believe—which am not—that took more than two months for the news the murder struck
to
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Musta'in had found it necessary to leave that city and to establish himself at Baghdad where, in the last month of the year, he was
silv ER
‘ABB As ID
his supporters; or, alternatively, was this issue struck late in 252 in anticipation of the deposed Caliph's arrival at Mecca early in 253?”
J-3 J-->
255
&:V's
<-
J
A.H. =868/9 A.D.
J
sl-
Surra man-ra'a, Year
&
288.
--
AU
-->
JW
3-31) -->
5-all
5-31) ---
SJ Outer margin: Qur’ān XXX,
issue
of
an
the same mint and date,
&:V's
J-3
&V.
&
A.H. =871/2 A.D.
J
-
Surra man-ra'a, Year 258
U
Jia-
—"— All gle x-all
as
Outer margin
_*
size (and apparently
ANs.
21.5mm, 2.81grm.
in
AR.
above.
This dirham differs
by
*
in
the letters beneath the reverse) from two other published specimens." of at
of
p.
is
of
The story al-Musta'in's deposition and death recounted some length Mas‘ūdi (Murilj, VII, pp. 363-371; see especially 367 for the terms abdication). The official date of the end al-Musta'in's rule and of the commencement of that of al is
of
in
ZDMG, XXII,
288, No.
[83]
in
and the sources cited there. Ausgrabungen Arabischen Geldes Ties., No. 1994 (p. 306); Paris, No. 1029.
“Die jüngsten 32 =
of I.,
s.v. al-Musta'in
Tornberg, p.
140
J.
pp. 396ff.;
E.
II,
in
by
of
4
a
p.
VII,
of
dispute among the Arab historians themselves (cf. Mas'udi, been matter 368). The usually accepted date for the beginning al-Mu'tazz's reign Muharram, 252; but there are coins struck him 251: e.g., Paris, nos. 984-5; Berlin, question see: Tabari, III, pp. 1645ff.; Ibn Nos. 1517-8. For other accounts the events al-Athir, VII, pp. 76-7; Ibn-Khaldun, III, pp. 287-290; Weil, Geschichte der Chalifen,
Mu'tazz has
C.
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(ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 2.88grm.
Caliph al-Muhtadi.
the succeeding 289.
1972,
ANs
is
Tiesenhausen No.
of
AR.
3-4.
Schweden,”
-
RARE
-
3-3
INS
&
J
as above.
All gle -->ll
I
The only other specimen
ANs (ex Newell
have noted
is
Area and outer margin
291.
C O
Madinat al-Salām. Year 259 A.H. =872/3 A.D. &:V-9 f>J1 &-
AR.
290.
IS LA M I C
J-3
—#— All gle x-all
All G1 Ce3"|
AR.
as
above.
3:2 5-3 s--
(ex Newell Coll.). 25.5mm, 2.82grm.
A.H. =884/5 A.D.
~
292. Al-Basrah. Year 271
ANs
*-*.'
All gle x-all
U-U
331)
… above. AR.
as
Outer margin
33
J
U
4.
All
&
all
ANs. 26mm., 2.95grm.
PLATE
IX
of
abu-Ahmad Talhah, son al-Mutawakkil and during Caliphate virtual ruler the his brother al-Mu'tamid. His honorific, “al-Nasir li-din Allâh,” was given him after his victory 2
over the rebellious Zanj, whose leader was killed
on
of
is
Al-Muwaffaq
Safar, 270.”
of
of
108;
of I.,
Muraj, VIII,
E.
18; Mas'udi,
p.
1999.
No. 2062; Tabari, III, pp. 2098,
21
142 Cf. Ties.,
b.
is
of
A
141 Ties., No.
to
of
As for the title “He the Two Vizierates,” beneath the name the Caliph Makhlad, reverse, the the reference Sā'id Vizier complete published bearing al-Mu'tamid." list coins his title on
s.v. al-Mu'tamid.
1* Cf.
Ties., No. 2060; Tabari,
index;
Mas'udi,
[84
|
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24.5mm., 3.09grm.
not described."
Misr. Year 265 A.H. =878/9 A.D. J:V's J--> <- J-a
Outer margin
Coll.).
Murilj, VIII, pp. 39, 61-3. Zambaur
-
‘ABB As ID SILVER
Vasmer;" it does not include
may be found in an article by Richard this Basrah issue
Färs
293.
3:23
of the year
(?). Year
A.H. =886/7 A.D.
273
J-3 eit
271.
*- (*)-2\,
—"— All gle -->ll
(3).J1 G1 C***)
3:31
G.
-->
Outer margin: traces of Qur'ân 3-4. AR.
GCM. 21mm., 2.86grm.
is,
course, the heir apparent,
of
be
the name
al-Muwaffaq
Caliph
later the an
b.
of
is
of
I
is
as
If
interesting believe, Fārs, the coin al-Mu'tadid. the mint document, for there another issue the same year and mint, bear ing the names al-Layth and Muhammad the Saffārids, ‘Amru b.
‘Amru."
al
in
of
as
b.
of
gov al-Layth announced the deposition ‘Amru Khurāsān," official pronouncement which, however,
‘Amru was well entrenched."
circumstances,
to
No. 292
al-Muwaffaq.
Also
he
in
minute detail
Fårs und Hurāsān,” NZ, 1930,
de
Slane,
from Eastern History
85
|
Sketches
IV,
105, No.
324. (1892), pp. 198-9.
9,
2106; Ibn-Khallikân, transl.
[
III,
Cf. Theodor Nöldeke,
No. 14; Markov,
p.
149,
p.
p.
II,
1*Tabari, 147
this title
der Saffāriden und ihrer Gegner
Constantinople, No. 608; Tornberg, (No. 9a); Østrup, No. 759a.
another
p.
*
attributing
with
2.
*** “Úber die Münzen pp. 141-2, note
error (p. 7).
in
in
of
is
(Manuel, Table G, note 87) omits Sā'id from his list Viziers
took effect, since
the Saffārid coinage cited under in
his article
in
Vasmer
The confused
the coins, has been examined
on
particular reference
to
called for energetic and prolonged action before
it
an
ernor
of
Mu'tamid
in
at a
It of
of
proximate dates and the same area, are These coins, and others reflection the political situation central and southern Persia year the time. was Shawwal the 271 that the Caliph
by
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(on the reverse)
of
is,
of
Blurred letters make the reading the mint and problematical. neath the obverse somewhat Ahmad
b.
XXX,
and
IS LA M I C
R A R E
I NS
CO
I
of
an
say, the mint
of
as
Shirāz issues is
Saffārid." The present coin (if,
well
as
272, are
the same mint and date,
as
another coin
of
is,
is
all
above.” Tabari's and Ibn-al-Athir's accounts of ‘Amru's defeat at the hands of the abu-Dulafid Ahmad b. 'Abd al-'Aziz differ, the former placing the event on the 16th of Rabi I, 273, and the latter on the Ioth of Rabi I, 271. At events there ‘Abbāsid coin lacking ‘Amru's name—dated 272," although the Fārs mint—that Fārs)
is
A
is
of
another illustration the same “in-and-out” situation which quite understandably confused the historians. further example No. 295 below. <--
2)
&
3
.
.
3:
3:V:
.
Al-Rafiqah. Year 274 A.H. =887/8 A.D.
294,
*|Ju
AU
&
All gle x-all
C23A)
3.31
XXX,
Qur'ân
SJ
margin:
Outer
2
Ju
AR.
3-4 ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 4.98grm.
of
is
a
of
a
with
have not met
of
published dirham al-Rafiqah this date; there are, however, dinars, number both ‘Abbāsid and clearly ‘Abbāsid. Tülünid.” This issue
I
J-3
5:V3
A.H. =887/8 A.D.
-
Fārs. Year 274
295.
&2)
crew.
Outer margin
all AllW
ge. -->
33.1
25mm., 3.30grm. to
p.
to
of
NZ, 1930, pp. 141 pertinent coins up date, consult To bring Vasmer's corpus Linder-Welin, NNA, 1941, 114, containing the only important additions ff.
**
-->
above. AR. ANS.
Ulla
&
&
Allu
as sil
U-Ul
&
*U
all
S.
Vasmer's exhaustive compendium. ** Tornberg, ZDMG, XXII, 288, No. 39. 142, Nos. 30-32. Cf. Vasmer, op. cit., Rogers, The Coins 18, 151 E.g., Paris, Khedivial Library (cf. the Tülüni Dynasty, No. 38), University Museum Collection (all ‘Abbāsid); Paris, publ. by Cottevieille 35, No.
(Tülünid).
[86
|
Giraudet, RN, 1935,
2
p.
R.
of
T.
E.
p.
p.
*
p.
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All G1
“ABB As ID
SILVER
Here is another ‘Abbāsid dirham of Fārs, reflecting the vicissitudes of the Saffārid's career (cf. No. 293 above). It was in 274 A.H. (18th of Rabi I) that al-Muwaffaq himself led the army against ‘Amru b. al-Layth and drove him out of Färs and on to Kirmān and beyond to Sijistan.” Other specimens of this issue are known.” 296.
-
Madinat al-Salām. Year 274 A.H. =887/8 A.D.
3-3
&:V-9
& 2) Area and outer margin
*- f>J)
**** As above.
as above.
AR. ANS.
25.5mm., 4.42grm.
This specimen differs from one published by Tornberg,” in that it lacks the words at the sides of the obverse and reverse areas.
—"— all
-a
at
Word
Qur'ân
or
Outer margin: traces
letters
ef
bottom
faced.
3-4.
AR.
XXX,
&Valu
4JU
of
Allu
A.H. =889/90 A.D.
5")
J-3
3:V3
GCM
(Teheran, 1935). 26mm., 2.84grm. PLATE
IX
It
is
a
of
to
an
is
of
a
is
of
it
of
of
a
is
in
very curious coin, differing This remarkable manner from the known issue al-Shāsh the same year.” dated 276 and yet bears the name al-Mu'tadid who did not succeed the Caliphate until 279 A.H. Another dirham al-Shāsh, year 269, the hybrid, that presents this same anomaly." Either the coin
al-Mu'tadid before his succession. The first alternative
certainly
p.
of
|
21 =
[87
Ties., No. 2093.
=
p.
Tornberg, 102, No. 429, with the name al-Mu'tamid 1*Tornberg, Symbolae, IV, No. Ties., No. 2115.
al
un
p.
NNA,
p.
= cf.
p.
P.
*
in cf.
2113, Ibn-al-Athir, VII, 298; Vasmer, op. cit., 143. 48, No. 871; one uncatalogued Berlin; Linder-Welin, Vasmer, op. cit., 106, Nos. 1161-2; 143, No. 34. Ties., No. 2082. 100, No. 422 1*
*
p.
*** Tabari III, Markov,
is
of
on
or
of
a
of
old obverse die was used with reverse al-Mu'tadid's during his Caliphate (279-289 A.H.), else abu'l-‘Abbās Ahmad (son Muwaffaq, whose name appears the obverse) received the title
p.
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-~
Al-Shāsh. Year 276
(5'
297.
1941,
IS LA M I C
RAR E
CO
INS
somewhere
of
in
lie
it.
likely. The second seems the more plausible, although I fail to find However, the explanation must the historical evidence to support the abnormal state
reign: al-Muwaffaq,
affairs during al-Mu'tamid's
name. But what
in
27
in
it
of
in
later striking than that
the more serious anomaly
-
Shāsh,
with al-Mu'tamid's Tornberg's coin
of
of
issue presumably being
of
year that the change
least
the position usually reserved for argued that was during the course this allegiance the East was made, the present
in
might
of be
It
the Caliph.
at
officially recognized,
al-Mu'tadid's name appears
a
for
is
might say that this reality
of
on
as
as
in
of
as
No. 292 above, was effect the ruler, but al-Muwaffaq's years the last two life (he died Safar, 278), al-Mu'tadid became the virtual sovereign.” On the present issue, well the one 269 mentioned above, one noted under
the year 269?
900
-
Jia-
-a
AR.
Large central pellet. ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm., 3.47grm.
A.H. =900 A.D.
-
.
.
~
effaced. Year 287?
#3 &-
Ju
3:
(3)
—"—
XXX,
** Ju -a ce.
-
all 3.)
Mint
V3
299.
&
3-4.
Qur’ān
.
margin:
Outer
313-y\|
all
5:93 &-
ANs (ex Longworth Dames
Coll.). 24mm,
3-oogrm.
s.v.
al-Mu'tadid,
and the sources
88
is
The
IX
with coarse and semi-literate
date, aside from being badly worn,
cited there; Mas'udi, }
I.,
157
of
characters.
very crudely executed coin
[
a
This
is
PLATE
curiously
Murilj, VIII,
writ p.
AR.
No outer margin?
E.
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A.D.
=
Al-Ahwāz. Year 287 A.H.
298.
108.
‘ABB As ID SILVER
-
of the Caliph's name is turned backward somewhat like a cursive kaf, but I believe that it can only be al-Mu'tadid. Abu ten; and the dal
Ja'far and abu-Ibrāhim, whose names appear on the obverse and verse respectively,
a
of
publication
its
are unidentified.
of
ized issue, but the solution
The coin must be an unauthor political context must await the
with mint preserved.
specimen
Al-Ahwaz. Year 289 A.H. =901/2 A.D. 315°yu J:w: 3-#3 &*
-
margin:
Outer
all
XXX,
Qur’ān
JU -a
3-4.
AR. ANs.
all
300.
25mm., 4.75grm.
22
on
II,
to
of
This dirham must have been struck during the first four months the year, for al-Muktafi's succession the Caliphate occurred Rabi 289.”
3\""
#3 &-
&
&:V3
A.H. =902 A.D.
-
Isbahān. Year 289
301.
as
Outer margin
—"—
above.
·lú Giáil
been published but not
as
the Leggett Collection has
fully described.”
-
&: V-3 &:3 &-
Outer margin
la-l:
As above.
above.
AR. ANS.
*
al-Muktafi's
Lane-Poole,
Fasti Arabici
IV, NC,
I
of
struck 1886,
[89
al-Ahwäz
229.
in
dirhams
21.69.
at
are
have
al-Mu'tadid.
p.
*There No.
25mm., 2.97grm.
this date and mint which
|
noticed are issues
of
the published specimens
of
All
25mm., 2.32grm.
A.H. =902 A.D.
Wäsit. Year 289
302.
in
this year and mint
*
specimen
of
AR. ANS.
A
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re
the same year, e.g., Ties.,
RAR E
IS LA M I C
INS
C O
Al-Ahwaz. Year 290 A.H. =902/3 A.D. &:V-9 3-- ~ 313-y\| Outer margin
As above. AR.
as above.
specimen, probably similar,
is a
There
Al-Basrah. Year 290
J--
~
the British
As above.
above.
3-3
&:V-9
the British
Museum.”
A.H. =904/5 A.D.
3+-->
3.
AR. ANS.
25mm., 3.03grm.
indeed they are present
the Berlin Collec
the ornamental letters,
that coin.
- -2\, AR.
(ex Newell Coll.). 25.5mm., 3.88grm.
this issue which
197.
Fasti Arabici
IV, NC,
1886,
229; Allan, NC, 1919,
162o.
Ties., No. 2193.
[90
|
19,” No. 316
=
Fraehn, Recensio,
p.
1919,
p.
Allan, NC,
p.
written differently.”
161 Lane-Poole,
162 No.
ANs
the one published specimen
p.
noticed
of
The date
As above.
above.
I
4-0
of
3-3
J:ws
Outer margin
* *
note
IX
Arminiyah. Year 293 A.H. =905/6 A.D. as
306.
on
tion,” but Nützel did not make
this year
in
Dimishq
of
dirham
of
of
a
There
is
PLATE
if
al-Muktafi's name thus:
,
JCP; and the fa-ya
of
a
of
as
As above. Outer margin above. The qaf the word Dimishq terminates with floral flourish, thus
is
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-
Dimishq. Year 292
another
in
fully described, and there 305.
ANs. 26mm., 2.96grm.
the Leggett Collection has been published but not is
in
A
specimen
Museum.”
A.H. =902/3 A.D.
AR.
as
Outer margin
24mm., 3.07grm.
V
&: V-3
Coll.).
*
304.
ANs (ex Newell
in
303.
197.
have
‘ABB As ID sILvER
-
Süq al-Ahwaz. Year 294
307.
&:V's
J-3
Outer margin
&21
A.H. =906/7 A.D.
33
313-yl
As above.
as above.
AR. ANS.
There was scribed."
24mm., 3.49grm.
in the Leggett Collection, not fully de
a specimen
Al-Ahwaz. Year 295 A.H. =907/8 A.D. &: &-3 J--> <- 313-y\| V-3
308.
the Beirut Collection, not
as
date (late 3rd
ently
gall ge.
as
far
as
3-4,
as
XXX,
far
Margin: Qur'an IX, 33, appar
One marginal legend only: Qur’ān
fully described."
Hijrah?).
as
in
a
(ex Wood Coll.). 26.5mm, 2.98grm. (formerly ringed).
specimen
No Mint. No
309.
AR.
3ll. GCM
(Teheran, 1935). 12mm, o.87grm. (formerly ringed).
the end
of
place this minute fractional dirham
of at
PLATE
I
IX
the third
cen
Dimishq. Year 296
of
310.
to
the
It
Hijrah because epigraphy. might date the style anywhere from the middle third the early fourth century.
tury
of
&:W. Outer
J-3 --
margin:
Qur’ān
A.H. =908/9 A.D.
~
34.4
—#–
XXX,
3-4.
Allu
p.
Lane-Poole, Fasti Arabici IV, NC, 1886, Porter, NC, 1921, 324.
229.
[91
}
**
l-all
AR.ANs. 27mm., 2.86grm.
p.
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is
There
ANs
As above.
above.
c.
AR.
Outer margin
RAR E
Dimishq. Year 297
311.
3-3
J:V-9
Outer margin
&-
IS LA M I C CO INS
A.H. =909/10 A.D.
*
-
5:.
.
.
.
As above.
as above.
Large central pellet. 24mm., 3.04grm.
AR. ANS.
3-3
&:V-9
&
-
A.H. =909/10 A.D.
Wäsit. Year 297
312.
&-
la-l:
All
JW 5-all
cruel! 3:
J-31) --Outer margin
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 28.5mm., 3.21grm.
Lane-Poole
is
by
specimen published
not described.”
Al-Küfah. Year 298 A.H. =910/1 A.D.
5-3
3:V's
&V.
-
313.
as
Area and outer margin
#3%u
As above.
above.
A
specimen published
not described."
-
WW2.
As above.
above. ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
is,
AR.
Area and outer margin
*
&-
27mm., 2.33grm.
A.H. =911/2 A.D.
as
. .
J
3:
.
Jannābā. Year 299 V.
314.
Lane-Poole
is
by
AR. ANS.
26mm., 2.89grm. PLATE IX
1919,
197.
[92
|
NC,
on
I
as
A
J.
162.
229. 122, spelled Jannabah. Cf. Le Strange, Lands, pp. 273-4. p.
Allan
in p.
II,
*Yāqüt, listed
Johnston's Cabinet,” NC, 1892,
p.
VII, “Mr. M. IV, NC, 1886,
166 Fasti Arabici 167 Fasti Arabici
p. C.
so
in
of
I
of
believe, the earliest known ‘Abbāsid issue This the very rare Jannābā, the important port mint Färs the Persian Gulf.” Earlier Saffārid issues are known, but far am aware the only
by
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A
AR.
as above.
specimen was
“ABB As ID s ILVER
recorded ‘Abbāsid specimens are dirhams of the years 304, 306 and
314."
~
&-
A.H. =912/3 A.D.
Ju
-a
Allan."
As above.
above. specimens:
of
GCM
the same mint and date
Shirāz. Year
*W* ~
300
31–24:
As above.
above.
AR.
Area and outer margin
Wäsit. Year
*W** 5-1
-
301
in
Lane-Poole.”
A.H. =913/4 A.D.
Ja-l:
As above.
above.
AR.
Area and outer margin
Specimens
ANs. 26mm., 2.90grm.
not fully described, was published
as
319.
specimen,
Collection."
the Beirut
A.H. =912/3 A.D. as
318.
ANs. 26.5mm., 2.90grm.;
(Teheran, 1936). 26mm., 2.70grm.
by
A
specimen
A
ANs. 27mm., 3.67grm.
the Ermitage and the Beirut Collections are not
fully
1905,
54, No. 22; Berlin, No. 1679. Zambaur's good a
of
the Saffārid and 197.
NC, 1921, 172 Fasti Arabici VII, NC, 325. 51, No. 939; Porter, NC, 1921, 178 Markov, 326. 93
]
[
p.
p.
p.
171 Porter,
1892,
p.
p.
in
be
to
is
of
for the identification the mint, together with list NZ, 1906, pp. 192-4. Büyid issues Jannābā, found 162; Allan, NC, 1919, 170 Lane-Poole, Fasti Arabici VII, NC, 1892, reasons
of
No. 1153; Zambaur, NZ,
p.
169 Paris,
summary
p.
described.”
of
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2
as
Area and margin
3
&M
by
A
and another
believe, the
the year 300 was published
R.
1892,
specimen
is,
very rare ‘Abbāsid mint, and this
-
*V
As above.
as above.
Al-Basrah. Year 300
316-317.
.
in
in
Lane-Poole
.
ANs (ex Wood Coll.). 26mm., 2.56grm. (frag. lacking) PLATE IX
known year.
earliest
. .
is
is a
AR.
Area and outer margin
Sinjär also
*
I
3-3
&:V-9
A.H. =91 1/2 A.D.
299
by of
Sinjär. Year
315.
162.
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R AR E
-
.
.
**
g.:)
A.H. =914/5 A.D.
302
Area and outer margin
313-yu
as above.
All
AR,
Ju 321.
Madinat al-Salām. Year as
Area and outer margin
ANS
2-call
o
(ex Newell Coll.). 25.5mm., 3.05grm.
A.H. =915/6 A.D.
303
above.
AU
AR.
Ju
313-yu as
arb'.
which, however,
probably similar
not fully described.”
Wäsit. Year 304
*u-s:
to
is
This specimen
(Teheran, 1936). 28mm., 1.8ogrm.
GCM
is
AR.
of
beneath
ba
(?)
As above.
above.
the Beirut Collection,
A.H. =916/7 A.D.
-
1-13. margin Area and outer above.
As above. AR.
as
821
one
in
821
Area and outer margin
323.
lack
Al-Ahwaz. Year 304 A.H. =916/7 A.D.
*u-l's Pellet
published varieties
differs from
2.91 grim.
-
322.
(ex Wood Coll.). 27mm,
ANs
Madinat al-Salām. Year f>|-J)
*W** --->
<-
324-326.
& 305
ANs. 29mm., 2.84grm.
A.H. =917/8 A.D.
Three specimens with the usual areas and outer margin, and differ ing only the following ornaments: *** Ties., Nos. 2246-7, Khedivial
Library,
No. 678; Porter, NC,
94
|
325.
[
p.
No. 759 (not described). *** Porter, NC, 1921,
1921,
p.
in
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This specimen pellets.”
--all of
.
its
Al-Ahwaz. Year
in
320.
326; Casanova,
‘ABB As ID sILVER
W
324.
©
325.
©
W
ANs. 26mm., 25mm., 25mm.; 2.98grm., 3.24grm., 3.13grm.
ornamental detail from
J-31)
Outer margin:
4.
cruel!
pub
—"—
3:
&
--
--
W
to
differ
Isbahān. Year 306 A.H. =918/9 A.D. *W*** ~ &W->\.
327.
2-call
XXX,
Qur’ān AR.
3-4. GCM
(Teheran, 1936). 28mm., 2.73grm. (frag. lacking)
Harrān. Year 306 A.H. =918/9 A.D. As above.
above.
specimen apparently similar
ANs (ex Newell and Wood Coll.). 27mm., 24mm.; 2.88grm., 4.03grm.
these
listed
by
specimens:
is
2
Area and outer margin
&l_*
R.
-- ~
to
*W**
as
328-329.
A
Zambaur."
p.
"Ties, Nos. 2258-9 (also 307); Paris, No. 1191; Berlin, Nos. 1729-30; Constantinople, No. 652; Casanova, Nos. 761-2 (not described). 1914,
120, No. 415.
95
J
NZ,
[
*77
p.
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These dirhams appear lished varieties."
in
AR.
326.
Q_7
IS LA M I
RARE 330. Shirāz. Year 306
C
CO I NS
A.H. =918/9 A.D. As above.
as above.
specimen
ANs. 26mm.,
the British
3.12grm.
Museum.”
Al-Küfah. Year 306 A.H. =918/9 A.D.
*%u
--
Area and outer margin
L.
W.
Clark (New York). 26mm., 2.91grm.
&
Year 306 A.H. =918/9 A.D.
f)(J
as
*W**
~
332. Madinat al-Salām.
As above.
above. AR.
Area and outer margin
as
--
~
*u-si
>
331.
above.
all
All
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 3.56grm.
is
is
In
by
all
AR.
C
2-all
probability this specimen identical with one published Bartholomaei, where the symbol beneath the reverse differently
in
terpreted."
:
A.H. =920/1 A.D.
Area and outer margin
Usu
as
3 Ju-
~
Antákiyah. Year 308
333.
above.
All
2-all
mentioned
by
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 3.60grm.
is
of
ANs
this mint and date
Bartholomaei,”
not described.
178 Allan, NC, 1919, 179 Ties., No. 2268.
197.
p.
F.
. . . a
Soret,” RNB, 1864, 331, footnote= Ties., No. 2904. lettre M. Bartholomaei's note must be “Amid al-Dawlah.
96
|
[
in
180 “Quatrième
“Amir ed-dauleh”
p.
but
specimen is
A
AR.
Ju
it
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this issue
in
of
is
There
a
AR.
Area and outer margin
‘ABB As ID SILVER
Al-Rafiqah. Year 308 A.H. =920/1 A.D.
-- *|Ju
Jus:
Area and outer margin
J
Surra man-ra'a, Year 309 <\.: &l. &
e--
ANs
A.H.
(ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 2.76grm.
921/2 A.D.
As above.
*
9
335.
As above.
as above.
=
*W**
AR.
334.
©
as
specimen
(ex Wood Coll.). 25mm., 2.83grm.
ANs
listed but not described
-
as
As above.
J
above. by
listed
Zambaur."
A.H. =923/4 A.D.
-
gla-I.
As above.
above. AR.
Area and outer margin
this
.
311
*-* (5-
UM. 26.5mm., 3.81 grm. (pierced)
. .
Filastin. Year
*W**
to
specimen apparently similar
as
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 2.68grm.
317, 320 and 322 No.
of
of
specimens
of
was aware
specimens
the years
264, 277,
only three other years,
A.H."
745.
[97
|
in
p.
p.
120, No. 416. *** NZ, 1914, 79, No. 436m, Berlin, Nos. 1709, 1822-3; Quarterly *** BM, ix, Antiquities Palestine, XIII, Nos. 3-4 (1948), pp. 124-5.
of
1*1
Nassar
IX
mint; before the
rare ‘Abbāsid dirham
of
and 323(?),
I
293
G.
recent publication
N.
excessively
by
an
Filastin
is
PLATE
the Department
of
A
AR.
as
Outer margin
is
cr'J
Ju
3.
&
. .
.
U+*
5-3.)
337.
Casanova."
Al-Rafiqah. Year 310 A.H. =922/3 A.D.
336.
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is
A
AR.
above. by
Outer margin
IS LA M I
R A R E
* (5-
None
of
Outer margin
INS
&
A.H. =923/4 A.D.
311
£3.J
As above.
as above.
(ex Greenwood Coll.). 26mm., 2.33grm.
ANs
the published varieties appears
to
*
AR.
*W**
have the pellet.
>
of
AR.
as
above.
There are two other specimens
:
the reverse, and the other
Madinat al-Salām. Year 313
-
Area and outer margin
as
3–4°
3
*W*:
44;
£3.1
above.
is
pellets
on
ANs. 25mm., 2.28grm.
this issue, but one lacks the
not described.”
A.H. =925/6 A.D. 4] 2-call
AR.
4.
Ju
(ex Newell Coll.). 27mm., 2.82grm.
ANs
this specimen differs from the known varieties.” Berlin, Nos. 1736-7; Constantinople, 333; Casanova, No. 769 (not described).
197;
p.
Berlin,
Nos. 1739-40; Constantinople, No. 661; 333; Casanova, Nos. 770-1 (not described).
[98
}
307);
Fasti Arabici VI, NC, 1887,
p.
Ties., Nos. 2312-13 (also
Lane-Poole,
p.
*
1
p.
307); Paris, No. *** Ties., No. 23oo (and No. 658; Lane-Poole, Fasti Arabici VI, NC, 1887, 185 Berlin, No. 1686; Porter, NC, 1921, 325.
p.
The reverse
of
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Outer margin
2-all
*UW
•:
&
cruel!
—"—
J-31) ---
340.
184
Al-Rafiqah. Year 313 A.H. =925/6 A.D. -e el: *- Asl_Ju 3
339.
-
Madinat al-Salām. Year
3:
338.
CO
C
‘ABB As ID
s
ILv ER
Süq al-Ahwaz. Year 314 A.H. =926/7 A.D. *W** 3–4° &-l * 313-yl
-
Area and outer margin
33
as above.
All
AR.
Ju
-
1.1%
821
above, but pellet above
—"—AR.
ANs. 25mm., 2.84grm.
Shirāz. Year
317
A.H. =929/30 A.D.
3_42
&-
*-
cruel!
As above.
Hamadhán. Year 315
4.oogrm., 2.66grm.
that mentioned
Tiesenhausen
A.H. =927/8 A.D.
J--> <- &l-e
As above.
above. GCM
(Teheran, 1935). 27mm., 2.30grm.
14 =
187 Ties., No. 2327; Berlin, No. 1771 (?); Zambaur, NZ, No. 787(?) (not described). Ties., No. 2918. 177, No. 188 NZ, 1871,
[99]
1905,
p.
AR.
Area and outer margin
as
*-*
ANs. 26mm., 25mm.;
by
These are doubtless similar the Murom find.”
2
AR.
above.
specimens:
*W**
the
jL:
to
Outer margin
345.
respect
-->
as
J-31)
(ringed)
3:1
*W**
&
343-344.
5-all
4JW
above.
This specimen differs from published varieties obverse pellet.”
p.
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Outer margin
as
ha of ilaha.
in
as
Area
A.H. =926/7 A.D.
in
*-*
*W**
(ex Newell Coll.). 24.5mm., 3.17grm.
-
Wäsit. Year 314
342.
ANs
2-call
of
341.
61, No. 36; Casanova,
R A
RE IS LA M I
CO I NS
C
‘Abbāsid dirhams of Hamadan are very rare. I know of only one other date in the fourth century of the Hijrah, 307." 346.
Antákiyah. Year 318
*W**
*
* Su-
Area and outer margin
:
A.H. =930 A.D.
~
\lau
As above. AR.
as above.
(ex Wood Coll.). 28mm., 3.48grm.
ANs
published
Bartholomaei
is
specimen
by
A
PLATE
X
not completely
de
scribed." Madinat al-Salām. Year 318
A.H. =930 A.D.
*W*:: 3–4° du:
<-->
*- f>J)
as
Area and outer margin
above.
all
on
one specimen as
a
on
of
this year lack the pellet pellet specimen has the obverse varieties
5-all
(ex Wood Coll.). 26mm., 4.18grm.
ANs
in
AR.
of
With the exception
Berlin, the published
the reverse; and the Berlin
well."
Ju
Horseman, helmeted,
5-all.
specimens:
R.
2
left; above,
coat
riding Lias
mail
(?),
horse
J.
to
Siva,
in
of
A.D.). Nandi, sacred bull clining left; above,
re-
No mint. No date (Al-Muqtadir, 295-320 A.H. =908-932
348-349.
(ex Newell Coll.). 19mm., 19mm.;
ANs
4.05grm. (fitted for ring), 3.42grm.
This remarkable type has been discussed under No. 199, above, dinar the same design. The present specimens, both from the of
189 Berlin,
No.
1772.
100 Ties., No. 2350.
ix,
a
79, No. 446"; Berlin, Nos. 1748-9; Paris, No. 1204; Con 191 Ties., No. 2345; BM, stantinople, No. 669; Casanova, No. 774 (not described).
100
}
[
p.
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4JW
of
347.
-
‘ABB As ID
s
ILVER
of dies, appear to be from the identical dies used in striking the specimen in the National Museum in Damascus." same set
350.
Al-Basrah. Year
A.H. = 933 A.D.
321
*W** 3.4°3 &-- ~
margin:
-a J.
—"—
J-l
3-5.)
Outer
3
Qur’ān
XXX,
3-4. AR. ANS.
A 351.
single specimen, published by Fraehn, is fragmentary."
Al-Ahwaz. Year
*W*3 &J-23 Generated on 2015-10-15 10:10 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b687469 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
27mm., 2.74grm.
&
Area and outer margin
322 #1
-
A.H. =933/4 A.D. 313-y\| all
as above.
J3-2 --> Ju Laül
4J)
•l-vel
4J)
J
g’ will
&J J)
AR. ANs.
24mm., 3.Iogrm. PLATE
X
similar specimen was published by Soret," but with an incom plete description. The bibliography of comment on the extraordinary
A
which occurs on some other coins of al-Qāhir's as well, may be found in Tiesenhausen." The title refers to the execu tion of the famous general Mu'nis in the year 321; in recognition of the deed the Caliph called himself “He who avenges the religion of reverse legend,
Allāh upon the enemies of Allâh.” The historians word it somewhat 192 Émir Djafar Abdel-Kader, in Mélanges Syriens offerts à Monsieur (Paris, 1939), pl. I (opp. p. 4oo), No. 16.
René Dussaud,
I
198 Ties., No. 2368. 194 “Lettre à Fraehn,”
Mém. Soc. Imp. d'Archéologie, St. Petersbourg, 1851, No. 27 = Ties.,
No. 238o. 195 No. 2374.
[
101
|
IS LA M I
R A R E
C
CO I NS
differently, but they correctly record that al-Qāhir placed the ific upon his coins."
Al-Rafiqah. Year 323 A.H. =934/5 A.D. *u. . . . 4.e3 &l &Lü as above.
all
ANs (ex
Newell Coll.). 28mm., 3.39grm.
This specimen differs from two published ones ornament in the obverse area."
lacks the
3-Ja: As above. ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm.,
3.01
a
is
Halab also
I
a
dinars," and
know
few fulüs.
(S)-2
As above. AR.
Outer margin
~
above.
.
.
*W*3
exceedingly rare mint.
grm.
A.H. =934-940 A.D.
32x
.
(?). Year as
Halab
4.
354.
&
only four other dirhams," two
an
unique. Tarsus
is
This coin
is
PLATE
of
above. AR.
as
Outer margin
-
c.
4.23
-"
&
*W*3
that
A.H. =934/5 A.D.
Tarsus. Year 323
353.
gal)
in
AR.
Allu
X
Outer margin
it
352.
(ex Newell Coll.). 27.5mm., 3.35grm.
ANs
very rare ‘Abbāsid mint, although under later rulers
of
on
of
course among the commonest.
2.33
+3*)
p.
NC,
1887,
p.
II,
Matthes),
&
&
will 4W)
254:
clies
.<-J)
Mr. Newell.
199 308 A.H.; Johnston,
NC,
1899,
266; 313 A.H.: Berlin, No. 1646.
102
is
I
of
p.
326; 312 A.H.: Berlin, No. 1707: 3.1x A.H.: Berlin, 333. suspect that the present coin the same Schulman's auction catalogue March 30, 1914 (no. 1808), purchased
|
that listed
1921,
[
as
piece
‘l-el
Juynboll
(ed.
No. 464.
A.H.: Porter, NC, 333 A.H.: Lane-Poole,
(?)
in
1983oz
No. 1708;
&
J
J's
i,
ge 43
197 Ties., No. 2930, BM,
5
Ibn-Taghri-Birdi
Abu'l-Mahāsin
p.
196 E.g.,
&
is
it
is
is
it
The epigraphy the mint name somewhat obscure this specimen. The fact that this coin ‘Abbāsid, rather than Ikhshidid, would indicate that was struck
by
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honor
‘ABB As ID
s
ILVER
or between 327 and 329, for there were Ikhshi
between 322 and 324
did governors at Halab during the other years of al-Rădi's reign." I am not aware of any Ikhshidid coins of Aleppo, although there were issues struck by the Ikhshidids at Damascus and Tabariyah. 355.
Nisibin. Year 32x A.H. =934-940 A.D. *W*3 &L-23 . . . ~ 3:*:
&
Jail
As above. 3:
3-3) →l Outer margin
that apparently
940/1 A.D.
.
J
3:
. .
&
&
other Nisibin issues
abu'l-Fadl.
Al-Basrah. Year 32(9) A.H. *W*3 U-alu
23-all
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 3.96grm.
all
ANs
=
is
al-Râdi lack the name
356.
J gril
above. AR.
(ex Newell Coll.). 24.5mm., 3.92grm. to
originally wrongly attributed al-Rădi, this specimen. The missing digit must the only year the third decade which
al
to
be 9,
2440,
of
because that year
is
Tiesenhausen no. apparently similar
ANs
in
Outer margin
as
3:31) -->
is
Muttaqi ruled.
&
Outer margin
:
3:
*-
Madinat al-Salām. Year 330
*W**
as
357.
X-J
A.H. =941/2 A.D.
above.
all
J)
•ll' gel
29.5mm., 2.93grm. PLATE
32.
103
]
Cf. Zambaur, Manuel,
[
200
X
AR. ANs.
p.
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unusual
4.
of
This dirham
of in
AR.
as above.
IS LA M I
C
The anomaly of al-Rădi's name on
a
R A R E
CO I NS coin of the year 330 must be
as an instance of the use of an old reverse die in striking al-Muttaqi's. a coin of
explained
A.H. =944 A.D.
Al-Rahbah. Year 323(sic)=333(?)
*W*3 &
-li
4.e3
Outer margin
-- *-Ju
as above.
AR.
All
all
Gill
(ex Newell Coll.). 27mm., 2.52grm.
ANs
in
a
is
an
mistake
al-Muttaqi's,
die-engraver
is
350.” Al-Rahbah
the year 322,
referred
Beirut,” and
probably the well-known place
to
the specimen
one dated
that name, be on
the foot-note above, one
the mint, al-Rahbah,
by
know only
of
exceedingly rare.
the coin
is
likely.” of I
is
else the
writing the decade. The latter alternative seems
Another remarkable feature which
or
reverse
in
the more
a
in
a
made
in
had taken possession
316
is of
a
the town
mint
in
the ‘Abbāsid reconquest
as
al-Rahbah
of it of in
brief, appearance
of
of
to
of
b.
or
Tawq, situated usually called Rahbat al-Shām Rahbat Mālik the right bank the Euphrates not far from Qarqisiya and al-Miyādin today. The sudden, and identified with the town 330
probably connected with from the Qarmatids, who
A.H.” of
an
of
is
of
1.,
of
104
|
E.
in
A
[
by
E.
p.
p.
p.
=
of
al-Rădi, has been pub 201 Another specimen this year and mint, but with the name lished: Tornberg, Symbolae IV, No. 45 Ties., No. 241o. 202 Porter, NC, 1921, 326. 208 Zambaur, NZ, 1922, 12. The location this specimen not indicated. 204 Ibn-al-Athir, VIII, 132. full description this locality, together with extensive bibliography, given Honigmann s.v. al-Rahba. is
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die was used with
of
Rabi
of
date
remarkable coin several respects. the first place the clearly written 323, but al-Muttaqi's rule did not begin until 329 A.H. Two explanations are possible: either old obverse
I, is
This
In
PLATE
X
358.
‘ABB As ID Antákiyah. Year
359.
*W*3
337
ILVER
A.H. =948/9 A.D.
&:3 &- ~ *:
Uait.
as above.
J
($)4]
AR.
Outer margin
s
&lal
Newell Coll.). 27mm., 4.42grm.
ANs (ex
***
of
is a
the very rare mint
A.H. =950/1 A.D.
*-
Antákiyah. Year 339(?)
of
is
low are the last known ‘Abbāsid issues Antioch.
(*).5:3 (8).J.-:
:
360.
is
poorly struck. The decade little doubtful but probably correctly read. This and the coin described immediately be
This dirham
usu
3-0) above. ANs (ex
Newell Coll.). 27mm., 4.46grm. PLATE
very crudely executed coin
X
AR.
as
Outer margin
clall
All
&: Ill
to
with respect
I
have some reference
the
Qur’ān,” of
coins except
on in
on
occurrence
to
later date." Might
significance. The phrase occurs its
not know
its it of
but
of
explanation do
no
is
to
is
a
is
both die-en enigmatically written, the digit graving and striking. The date appearing read “ninety” and the decade obscure. The legend be unusual, and can offer neath the obverse, “the Evident Truth,”
This
I
much the Shi'ite controversy some
which was particularly bitter during al-Muti's reign? XXIV, 25; XXVII, 81. Morocco, e.g., BM, Nos. 265ff. Since this was written, another contempo Sharifs my attention: on rary numismatic use Fātimid dinar al the phrase has come Candia, “Monnaies Fātimites du Musée du Bardo Mansrüriyah, 342 A.H. (J. Farrugia Fātimid Revue Tunisienne, 1948, no. 15). The implication (Premier Supplément)," inquiry. interesting field influence Antioch suggests
*
of
a
105
|
[
of
an
a
of
de
of
to
of
v,
205
at
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All
RARE
IS LA M I C
No mint. No date. Al-Nasir,
361.
Within
square,
double
CO I
575-622
NS
A.H. = 1180-1225 A.D. As obverse:
outer
beaded:
all
In
segments:
•-
Y
A.H.
1242
y
J)
J.
-
the coin =
A in Generated on 2015-10-15 10:10 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b687469 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
Museum.” The style
Madinat al-Salām. Year 640 Within square:
362.
4
(ex Newell Coll.). 15.5mm., 1.24grm.
ANs
somewhat similar fractional dirham with
the British
||
is
Ji
c.
Yl
a
||
segments:
is
4
.
AR.
.
of
. . .
|
In
AU)
dir
“ABB As ID
coPPER
C. COPPER”
With Names of Mints Adhanah Adhanah. Year 19x
y
Yl J1
A.H.
=806-815
A.D. &
J-e J)
J3-2 --> * >! U- J|
*3]
&3_* &
Margin:
** 5-3
~
J-M AE.
. . .
. . .
-->
"
J.
(ex Wood Coll.). 26mm., 5.8ogrm.
ANs
of
Adana
on
is a
the Sayhän,
today, the ancient Cilician
of
tă
Arab Adhanah
the
X
"Aöava on the River Saros, the Seleucid mint
Antiocheia
published," but initial errors
Soret have thrown later
In
have been
similar fulüs, probably from different dies, by
specimens
Several
of
at
In
fabric and style the coin resembles published coppers neighbouring from al-Massisah" and unpublished ones from the excavations Tarsus.
Sarum.”
of
in
in
p.
I,
Strange, Lands, 179 (cf. 344; Head, Historia Numorum, pp. 715-6. Miles, “Islamic Coins,” 20*. Cf. George
131); Pauly-Wissowa,
is
Real-Encyclopädie,
in
IV, Part One Antioch-on-the-Orontes, 1948), Nos. 150-151, pp. 111, 119. My statement on 119 with regard Soret's interesting should corrected the light the present positive identification. C.
to
is
It
of
in
be
107
|
[
=
at
as
at
Hârün struck al-Massisah (apparently), well Adhanah. 21, No. 29 Ties., No. 2463; Paris, Nos. 1643-4. Dorn (1856), p.
a
that Ahmad 209 Soret
b.
reading
p.
(Princeton,
as
I,
Le
are accurately reproduced.
*Yāqüt,
p.
ornaments
as
by
in
in
in
a
or
are
Numismatic unpublished
of
260 copper coins the ‘Abbāsids the Museum the Society, and an insignificant few the University Museum collection. Notable rare pieces among these, together with few from my own small following collection, are described apparently unique pages. the Some but only partially preserved specimens the ANS have been omitted. The arrangement this section alphabetical, mints. Common ornaments such stars are conventionalized; only unusual
There
American
approximately
a
of
in
***
he
an
he
of
scholars off the scent the correct attribution. the first place Soret thought could read the date 333, and developed quite erroneous imagina argument support reading. highly the Then saw
p.
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“new” mint. important the Turkish city
is
Adhanah
of It
PLATE
ad
363.
R A RE
IS LA M I C CO I NS
J-2
on the obverse. Tiesenhausen and Lavoix copied Soret's errors, the latter adding to the confusion by reading the name of the governor as Ahmad b. Marwān instead of Ahmad b. Hârün, which is perfectly clear on Soret's and the present specimens. Unfor tive als' l-all
I
have not been able to identify
Ahmad b. Hârün in the Arabic chronicles. ‘Amal, an unusual numismatic formula, must be the substantive tunately
form, for there is no bi before the mint name.
Arrán 364.
Arrán(?). Year Yl J| y
•-3
~
&L
184
A.H. =800 A.D. -->]
J)
*A*->ve
y
J3-2 AUl
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% Annulets:
oo
o
-** & Margin:
[oo]
** 5-3 AE. GCM.
&-l
<
19.5mm., 3.20grm.
The mint is obscure. The date, while somewhat obscure, is almost certainly correctly read, and the fals is therefore probably similar to one in Berlin where only the last two letters of the mint name are preserved.” I have not been able to identify the governor or prefect,
Ahmad b. Muhammad. Possibly he was that Ahmad b. Muhammad &_--J1, who was relieved as governor of the Yaman in the year 212.” 210 Berlin, 211
No. 2203. Ibn-al-Athir, VI, p. 287.
[
108
|
‘ABB As ID coPPER
Arrán. Year Yl
A.H. =808/9 A.D. crual
J)
J3-2 all
J-Me
Margin: ≤ J-M1
AE,
the governor, al-‘Abbās
.
2.89grm.
of
the same mint and year bearing the name
b.
of
There are dirhams
GCM. 20mm.,
.
J-5
*3
.
-
&l
[o]
Annulets:
oo
oo
>5
&
&_*
...A-e-Pa
Y
2-3 4
193
y
all
365.
Zufar (al-Hilāli).”
366.
Bukhārā. Year
160
g-> <>
*
A.H. =776/7 A.D. •0°
***
G3
J-4)
J3-2 All
A. Margin:
cull
V
>!
*
3-2 ×e
*J.
3:
. AE.
J-M1
-
** 3:-
** &
Ji
-->
lie
(sic)
Margin:
lie
J-M1
J-yl
J.We
ANs (ex Wood Coll.). 21mm., 1.48grm.
the prefect,
218 Ties.,
No. 906; Berlin, No.
21.32a.
[109
178. For
fals
of
der Statthalter von Armenien
131; Zambaur, Manuel,
. .
b.
Vasmer, “Chronologie
a
Cf.
p.
1549.
|
No.
p.
212 Ties.,
R.
be
It
or to
Fraehn, Tiesenhausen and Nützel left undeciphered. seems Qudayd (or Qadid, that the name must read ‘Abadah Monumenta Armenologica, 1927, see Zambaur, NZ, 1905, No. 64.
is
whose name me
pos .”,
the identity
in
of
raise the question
of
ously garbled obverse marginal legend the present specimen, well known.” My only reason for publishing the specimen here
is
on
This fals, without the double striking which produced the curi
to
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Bukhārā
the year 197,
RA RE
sibly Fudayk), but
I
IS LA M I C CO I NS
have been unable to trace any such
individual
in the chronicles.” The governor (abu-'Awn) ‘Abd al-Malik b. Yazid, is of course a well-known figure, adequately documented in written history and by his coins and glass weights.” Bardha'ah Bardha'ah. Year y! J1 y
A.H. =779/80 A.D.
**
J)
J3-2
J)
&_* Y
W r-
•J-a
Jel
U-1
V
ANs (ex Wood Coll.). 23mm., 2.84grm.
is
to
Ties, no. 2769 (cf. Ties, No. 726), where the crescent Similar under the reverse area not described. Tustar
J1
Yl
•ke-Pea
J3-2 all OOO
e
©
&_* Q
Y
A.H. =781/2 A.D.
J)
2-3
~
165
y
Tustar. Year
368.
Ji
Annulets: (apparently) oooooo ooo
U
know, the only fulüs
published. On the silver and the gold the name
of
I
as
far
the
110
!
1ssues,
[
the present
1657
=
13
and No.
Walker
list
of
p.
p. a
of
a
of
p.
is
of
name similar
to
full, Tustar min-al-Ahwaz.
*** There an unidentified governor Tabaristān with father's name: J.-M. Unvala, Numismatique du Tabaristān, (BM Cat. the Arab-Sassanian Coins), lxxx and 152. AGW, pp. 105-6, for summary Cf. his career and
*
J-5
(Teheran, 1936). 19mm., 3.16grm.
a
is
to
Tustar given mint
in
be
This and the following coin are,
so
AE,
GCM
c
Margin: --> J--> <J-M1 lia
*3
of
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Margin: *> U-yl
#23-2 AE.
&
1
** 3-3
&
lie -->
J-M1
Margin:
&
•-3
J
163
4
367.
his glass and copper
coPPER
“ABB As ID
Tustar. Year
369.
166
-
A.H. =782/3 A.D.
** 3:-
AE,
Similar in every respect to No. 368 above, except for the date GCM
(Teheran, 1936). 21mm., 3.08grm.
Jayy Madinat Jayy. Year
A.H. =774/5 A.D.
J|
AUl
there even less clear than
the hope that
3 *
.
known,” but here.
I
this fals
.
.
GCM
*
->
(s-all *-*.
Gle
Jel
u
J-31)
(*)3V-
(Teheran, 1935). 20mm., 5.1ogrm.
is
is
prefect
may elicit the publication
the name
the
publish this piece only of
is
on
it
I
have transcribed them
or
I
as
to
in
in
another specimen with the prefect's name more perfectly preserved. The only really uncertain letter the father's name the present example the next the last; feel fairly confident that the other letters are either the other
Kufic possibilities.
Halab
AU1
A.H. =755/6 A.D. -A-Pve
All J3-2
>
e-A-9
IX,
(ex Wood Coll.). 21mm., 3.67grm.
[
111
|
p.
*7BM,
No. 2137.
the British i,
in
ANs
is
AE.
** 3:3
similar fals, with mint effaced,
216 Berlin,
Qur'ân
~~
.
.
*
Margin: Part .
&\*
~
Margin:
33
All
138
of
Halab. Year
Yl Y
371.
A
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One other example
of
AE,
G-
it is
&V.
-
-->
-
J-3
---
lie
(ex Wood Coll.). 20.5mm., 2.92grm.
lished specimens this coin"; another specimen” not completely described.
three
pub
read 172
but
Al-Ramlah Al-Ramlah. Year 218 A.H. =833 A.D. y
J
J.]
y]
-->
el-y
J3-2
Chain border.
Margin:
All &
•l
e-A-0
|
374-375.
E.g., BM,
ix,
of
There are similar issues
al-Ramlah dated 217.”
p.
112
|
[
=
p.
u,
BM, ix,
p.
94, No. 9ok. 97, No. 127t, Constantinople, No. 771. 21, No. XXV Ties., No. 1165. 220 Castiglioni, Monete Cufiche, *** E.g., Berlin, Nos. 2211-12. 219
lie -->
ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 20mm., 21mm.; 2.30grm., 3.1ogrm. PLATE
*
J-M1
X
specimens:
E,
*JW 2
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The date has been read
ANs
-
-->
&
J-M1
** 3-3
lie
Margin:
o o o
Annulets:
oo
3.
o
©
•l
•-3 J)
e
J1
y!
172
y
Dimishq. Year
373.
(No. 374)
coPPER
“ABB As ID
Al-Rayy Al-Rayy. Year 129 A.H. =746/7 A.D. This variety of the issues of the ‘Abbāsid partisan ‘Abdullah b. Mu'awiyah has been published.” AE.
376.
> 3:
Ju
**
. . .
&
(sic)
V
Lal
All x2
Im.
&_*.
-
*3
Yl
-"
J.
-
le-
25mm., 4.44grm.
A.H. =746/7 A.D.
lie
J-M1
(sic)
129
Coll.).
4
Al-Rayy. Year
J.
377.
ANs (ex Wood
Double struck.
This
is a
AE.
ANs
to
The garbled date and inverse line are due
double-striking.
(K. Minassian).
21mm., 2.8ogrm.
new variety.” Süq al-Ahwaz
J)
J3-2
J)
---Y)
AE,
** (*).5-3 s-- ~ NHR, No.
(ex Newell Coll.).
36C.
113
]
Cf. NHR, Nos. 36B-D.
[
223
ANs
--> 313-yl
-:
J-M1
lie
Margin:
Border continuous (?) annulets outside double circle.
222
&
(*):-->)
J
&_*
-->ea
Y
2-3
-A->
y
J|
al-Ahwaz. Year 16(?)1 A.H. =777/8(?) A.D. y!
378. Süq
of
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Annulets:
?
Margin: traces.
33
22mm., 5.06grm.
IS LA M I C CO I NS
RAR E 379.
Süq al-Ahwaz. Year 16(2)8
A.H. =784/5(?) A.D.
yl J1 y
*A*-*
•-3
J3-2
J
J)
J)
&_* Y
• • *
380. Süq
of
prefect,
.
(?)b.
33-
313-yl
.
name
including
Traces,
.
c-
-
ÖV*
->
AE.
3:-3
lie
**
J-M1
Margin:
al-‘Abbās
. .
Margin:
~9
(ex Newell Coll.). 21mm, 2.58grm.
ANs
al-Ahwaz. Year 210 A.H. =825/6 A.D. -A-->ea
as
Area
above.
J3-2 Ornaments above and below, any, obliterated. margin, Traces
including
of
r-
ill
~
313-yl 455-
381. Süq al-Ahwaz.
Year 210
.
.
3.81
(3)3·x
. .
U--
(ex Newell Coll.). 23mm.,
[?...]3
.
.
ANs
.
.
oo
AE.
Annulets:
.
Inanne: o o o
J42
.
-
.
.
J-1
grm.
A.H. =825/6 A.D.
Area
as
*A*->ea
J3-2
above.
. .
32-
.
313-yl
•
Margin:
*%
-
X
AUl
Margin obliterated.
-->
[
AE.
Outer border clipped. ANs (ex Newell
114
|
&:
V-3
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Margin:
if
AV)
Coll.).
15mm., 1.7ogrm.
“ABBA's ID
coPPER
Tabaristān 382.
Tabaristán. Year Area as above.
A.H. = 767 A.D.
150
* >!
1
s-d
•A->ea -
(?)->
>
3
(*)-l. &
.
.
*
Margin:
J-8) lia
($) < J3
*3 J--> AE,
.
3-3) →l
4\e s- ge
Ju-J:
at
administration. Khālid for the latter part the
b.
in
unknown.
this mint. The about this time; of
is
C-:
As
to
is
the prefect,
at
time; but the words that follow, although they should cipherable,
be
is
an
obverse marginal legend, the phrase “fi-wilayat,” although obscure, can read and not unusual conventional inscription this be
easily
de
escape me.
Al-‘Abbāsiyah Al-‘Abbāsiyah. Year Area above.
173
A.H. =789/90 A.D. &
as
383.
-A-->ve
-->
** 3-3
All
.
J-M1
J3-2
Ji
-U-V
lie
Margin:
*~
C32
be
of
(ex Torrey Coll.). 21mm., 3.85grm.
unique.
210, No. 129.
115
J
BM,
ANs
the year 172 are
[
224 E.g.,
i,
issue appears
al-‘Abbāsiyah
to
Coppers
of
AE.
Margin: traces only.
p.
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of
I
two provinces were closely allied
Muhammad,
<-
J)
(Teheran, 1935). 21mm., 5.06grm.
GCM
am not familiar with any other copper coins Rayy style very similar that coins struck the
•-->
&
of
&
Margin:
at
-
V
common,” but this
RA
R E
IS LA M I C
CO
I NS
Ghazzah Ghazzah. Year 217 Area as above.
384-385.
A.H. =832 A.D. -A-Pve
Chain border.
J3-2 All
2 specimens:
E. ANs
& Margin: 53: J-M1
lie -->
5:V-9 3-,+
&
(ex Newell Coll.). 21mm., 19mm.; 2.82grm, 2.67grm.
PLATEX (No.
384)
225
This issue has been published,” but I believe that it has never been
The
straight edges where the coins were cut apart after removal from the mould are very apparent. The casting of copper coins in Syria and, apparently, Palestine, in the third century of the Hijrah appears to have been a common practice. A very large number of cast coppers were found
386.
in the excavations at Antioch.”
Ghazzah. Year 217
A.H. =832 A.D.
W
Similar to the above, but with
beneath the obverse area and
(apparently five) in the border outside the chain margin.
annulets
ANs
(ex Wood Coll.). 21mm., 2.64grm.
1948), Nos. 148-153, pp. 118-9.
116
|
Part One (Princeton,
in
3
of =
a
IV,
[
Orontes,
cf.
in
Karabacek, “Zur orientalischen Münzkunde,” Wiener Numismatische Monatshefte, Ties., No. 2849; Berlin, No. 2220 (“unbestimmter Prägeort"). 37, No. For discussion these cast coppers, see my “Islamic Coins,” Antioch-on-the
(1867),
p.
* *
AE.
Cast, like the above.
III
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remarked that these coins were cast, not struck from dies.
“ABB As ID
coPPER
Al-Küfah 387.
Al-Küfah. Year Yl J| y e-A-9
J
163
A.H. =779/80 A.D. %
Jl
•A-->ca
J3-2
&_* Y
Jl
• e
3 J. Margin:
Annulets: oo coo •
***
the year 163
4
as
V
***
al-Küfah are known,” but not lacking
165
A.H. =781/2 A.D.
y
-A->
J)
&_*
-
Jal
(ex Torrey Coll.). 20mm., 2.68grm.
J3-2 All
y
J1
•-3
3-3 +
4
here.
Al-Küfah. Year y!
388.
ANs
ANs
Ishāq (b. al-Sabbah al-Kindi), governor
al-Küfah,”
on fulüs the year 163,” but this the first specimen 165 bearing his name that have met with. is
I
205, No. 113. 43.
117
|
Ties., No. 947.
[
** E.g.,
p.
p.
BM,
i,
227 E.g.,
22*. Cf. Zambaur, Manuel,
w.
*3%u
(ex Newell Coll.). 20mm., 2.34grm.
of
AE,
** 3-3
*-āl J-->
<
~
<-
-
3-34
*l
Margin:
oooo
of is
oo
32-l Annulets:
of
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the “hundred”
at
Fulüs
of
AE.
(sic)
s-all
known
the year
R A
Al-Küfah. Year
389.
Area
RE
195
IS LA M I C CO INS
A.H. =810/1 A.D.
~
as above.
Chain border interrupted by
J3-J
ee e
AU)
W J-31
AE.
*3%u
ANs
Margin:
V
-> --> * >!
** 3:- 3 J-> <
(ex Wood Coll.). 19mm., 2.75grm.
in
to
the ornaments above and This specimen differs, with respect the Istanbul Museum.” beneath the reverse, from that
Area
as
=8th
above.
J3-2 AUl
J -
V-
. .
.
A.D.
--->va
Margin: [L]el
c.
H.
c.
Māh al-Küfah. Date effaced. 2nd
390.
(*):
other coppers
of
no
know
of
AE,
ANs
J-M
.
. .
.33%) •u:
. .
Margin:
I
(ex Torrey Coll.). 20mm., 3.09grm.
this mint.
Al-Muhammadiyah Al-Muhammadiyah.
Year
185
A.H. =801 A.D.
This particular variety, with al-Harib my
*
al-Harith, has been pub
NHR.”
AE,
lished
or
391.
in
Constantinople, 86E.
GCM
No. 779.
118
}
231 No.
[
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Māh al-Küfah
(Teheran, 1935). 23mm, 2.97grm.
‘ABB As ID coPPER
Misr Misr. Year 25[9?]=87[2/3?] A.D.
392-393.
y
•-3
all
J)
*A*-Pea
J3-2
©
•l
el-A
y
J.]
Ornament?
y]
©
©
o
all -Kyl
.
of b.
of a
to
read the
dismiss this
here, for the date, unfortunately not clear
its
any further evidence were needed
Ahmad
number Arabic figures
undertook to
him
he
published
.
E.
on
certain coppers some length
in
ment
is
262.” it
date
one specimen
by
and
have been discussed
e
the reverse area are similar
the past. Zambaur argued that they were
If
on
scholars
in
Tülün which
at
if
to,
at
The curious symbols the bottom not identical with, the symbols
argu
entirety to
of
it
Zambaur's acceptance Nützel's refuta longtemps qu'on pas tion?): “aussi nous fournira une meilleure explication, simple faut voir dans ces signes ornement.” by
do
Tülün
as
Ahmad
date(?)
the related
to
and mint, not bear the name coins referred above.
b.
note that the present coins, Tülünid
of
to
interest
do
of
is
il
un
ne
is
Nützel's statement (or
I
of
is
in
in
but almost certainly 259, written out conventional fashion the margin. As for the significance the symbols can add nothing
It
p.
119
|
[
*
he
be
to
232 NZ, 1905, pp. 74-77, No. 70. The other significant references are found there. publishes Karabacek's cogent refutation. 194, No. 70, where Cf. Zambaur, NZ, 1906, NZ, 1906, 195.
p.
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Coll.).
(*)
largely effaced): ANs (ex Newell 19mm., 20mm.; 2.24grm., 1.87grm.
by
specimens
of
(1
2
&:W.
-->
.
]
J.--
. .
.
*
L-a-.
lie
Margin:
Chain border.
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R A RE
Al-Mawsil Al-Mawsil. No date (ca. Within square: Yl
145
A.H. =762/3 A.D.). Within square: *A*-*
y
Around:
Around: o
L-yl 5-3.)
(ex Wood Coll.).
ANs
o
o O
J-3'
AE,
o
Ji]*
ge
s-
ot'',
V
J)
[…]
&
e-A-9
Jel
J3-2
o
&
o
#3
all
&
all
394.
22mm., 3.44grm.
I
to
of
on
b.
the specimens
cited.
Lavoix assigns the
b.
on
b.
of
on
the Umayyad period the basis two alternative identifi Mu'awiyah. Al-Haytham Mu'awiyah, which al-Walid
of
cations
Mu'awiyah
undoubtedly the person the present coin, that name who was governor Ta'if and Mecca from 141 A.H.," governor 143 and who later turns Basrah 155 and
to
judge
by
in
of
the governor,
to
of
156." As for the name
as
up
of
is
sufficiently clear
by is
the style, the
undoubtedly the Caliph al-Mansur's son Ja'far, question Ja'far governor Mosul 145-146 A.H.” Hence believe this fals dated approximately 145.
ANs
be
(ex Wood Coll.). 28mm., 10.63grm.
}
[
cf.
120
--
3:
.
.
Ji .
*l
J-31.
Cf. Ties., Nos. 2641-2, Paris, No. 1513, etc. Ibn-al-Athir, pp. 387, 389; Zambaur, Manuel, V,
**
&-
4
All Margin: [$Jia-] U-yl Jel V. All J-31 AE.
~3
~
lie -->
to
J3-2
p.
J|
&_2
*A*-*
Margin: J-M1
is
I
32-l
J| y
~
•-3
A.H. =773/4 A.D.
157
y
Al-Mawsil. Year y!
395.
in
of
is
in
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coins
to
al-Walid
as
on
I
A
of
Mosul fulüs this general type have been pub lished,” but find none exactly similar suspect that the this. prefect's name some specimens has been misread, for example number
20.
‘ABB As ID coPPER
This fals is perhaps similar to one with date obscure (15x) in the Bibliothèque Nationale.” Nihâwand Nihâwand. Year
154
A.H. =770/1 A.D.
%
* >!
%
Annulets: oo
Margin:
o oo o oo o
*** AE.
J-M1 u- ~3
->
J-5 &-
<
ANs (ex Wood Coll.). 21mm., 2.38grm.
at
published,” with the curious word the end margin the reverse read u... The letters before the final alif (jim, mim; perhaps clearly etc.), are and either qāf (or fa) issue has been
the
excess space
4
Similar
to
Madinat Nihâwand. Year
397-400.
Berlin, Nos.
186
by
pious expression in
fill
a
“truly, verily,” up
G-," to
is
the word die-engraver
or
hā
as
of
This
used
the
the margin.
A.H. =802 A.D.
2191-2.
specimens: ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 26-27mm.; 8.20, 5.97, 6.92, 7.oogrm.
PLATEX (No.
397)
the mint are
40. Al-Haytham
is
Zambaur, Manuel,
p.
6;
cf.
36
2,
4
and
mentioned
Baghdad dirham
omitted, perhaps inadvertently,
later date.
121
}
[
241 Paris, No. 1553.
in
is
scription. 289 Ties., No. 835. 240 Cf. Ties., No. 1742,
of
Cf. Zambaur, Manuel, and table Paris, No. 1632. The word “al-amir”
G.
167.
a
287
p.
Ibn-al-Athir, VI, pp.
II,
* *
by Yâqüt,
the name
believe, indisputable.
p.
I
crowded but,
nun and dal
of
wand.” The wau,
in
to
in
to
publish these only confirm the reading the Berlin catalogue point out Lavoix's erroneous reading “Amid” for “Nihā and
I
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ca"
(s-" oOO
>k
-
&_* Y
•-
J
V
~ &-til 3-3) →l & J--
Yl J1 y All
lie
396.
the
tran
RAR E
IS LA M I C CO I NS Hamadhán
171
A.H. =787/8 A.D.
J
•-3
J-31)
Y
*J) -->
AE.
of
.
(5-
-
UM. 21mm., 8.32grm.
coin,” but Lane
this
interpret the word beneath the reverse area.
of
Poole did not attempt
to
The British Museum has two specimens
. .
J-3
*3
J.
&l-e J-M1
"
Margin:
o
co
o
Annulets: oo
oo
3_^y) o
4
&_* #
[ö3)]*
lie
Yl
Year
y
all
401. Hamadhán.
this word are distinct and well-preserved, but there are (theoretically) exactly thirty possible readings the combination depending upon reading Kufic letters, the the last three letters
of
the word (there being ten acceptable interpretations
of
of of
these
let
at
all
I
ters). Among these theoretical possibilities there are, believe, only likely—al-abrad, al-abrak, and al-abradh (for the three that are
in
by
no
is
I
to
us
Persian title abrāz). This does not bring much closer the solu tion, for find one suitable such names the chronicles. probably the most likely. Al-Abrad
A.H. =815/6 A.D. &-'
ANs
&
--> ]
. . .
(ex Newell Coll.). 19mm., 4.36grm.
122
|
213, No. 136 (imperfectly preserved), and BM, ix,
[
*** BM,
p.
PLATE 98, No. 133P.
X
AE
.
[
&-
.
3-3)
4
G-J)
£3
u
→--
*
.
.
cale
4) J3-2 --> >yl Jal
r-
*ll
&:
V
•
*
>
Margin:
.
&_*
\
~
•-3 J)
.
J1
200
y
[Madinat Hamadhán]. Year y1
402.
i, p.
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of
The letters
‘ABB As ID coPPER
The obliterated mint on this fals can easily be reconstructed from
of
As
,
,
,
,
,
as
for the
did not leave sufficient room)
an
in in
Husayn, and that the individual al-Rustami, influential soldier
question
al-Husayn
al
little doubt but that the first name is
(for which
the die-engraver
etc.”
b.
I
think there can
2.3%
is
governor,
be
has been variously read
reverse)
at
be
(if
two published specimens of the same coin.” I publish the present specimen only to discuss the identity of the governor and prefect. The missing prefect's name such the word the bottom the
'Umar
al-Jibal during the struggle
be
for his services
being appointed governor
of
by
as a
in
tween al-Amin and al-Ma'mun the years 194-196 A.H." The coin now demonstrates that mawla of al-Ma'mun he was rewarded Hamadhān.
Al-Yaman Al-Yaman. Year 157 A.H. =773/4 A.D. The inscriptions roughly the center obverse and reverse are of
in
a
hole bored through the coin.
J1
y
.
.
.
J-M
Margin: Traces
~~3 &-
only preserved.
the following year,
158.
22mm., 2.12grm.
to
al-Yaman are known The piercing curious. is
coppers
of
Two other ‘Abbāsid in
IX,
33. AE, ANS.
dated
Qur’ān,
me,” both
It
Annulets:
oo . .
.
3:
V.
J
--
Margin:
&_*
Y
AU)
e-A-5
of
by
y!
obliterated
does not
No.
143d,
also Berlin,
of
is
It
so
99,
cf.
Ties., No. 1712; BM,
e,
2*
with mint
ix, p.
as
an
as
seem likely that this humble copper coin was pierced for wearing frequently are. ornament silver and gold coins in No. 2219, another specimen
effaced.
237.
123
]
[
y.
p.
p.
852-3. Cf. Ibn-Khaldun, III, 95, Nos. 98*, 246 BM, ix,
in
in
p.
is
&
I,
in
of
p.
a
of
of
Tayfür, client al-Hādi, governor was Isbahān 169 A.H. (Ibn-al-Athir, al-Mansur, who died 64). Cf. Tayfür, client 186 (Ties., No. 812, with reference Ibn-Taghri-Birdi [ed. Juynboll Matthes], 523). misspelled, but corrected 244a Tabari, III, pp. 778, 8oo (where the name the addenda), 244 There
VI, to
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403.
IS LA M I
R A R E
C
CO I
NS
terest to note that one of the British Museum specimens
is
twice
pierced, not in the center but near the periphery.
Mint Names Lacking or Effaced No mint. No date. % •".
404.
©
J-yl
•
&
&-N
©
&"
cle
?-->
% Margin: U-yl 4.
. .
. .
All
. AE,
.
Margin:
J.-
. . . y1
y
J1
(ex Newell Coll.). 19mm., 3.30grm.
ANs
to
The officials
question are almost
those whose names appear
specimens:
In
>k C:
Nos. 405-6
gle
"I
5-4
c.
J ANs
center:
J3-2
(ex Brand Coll.). 15mm., 13.5mm.; 1.65grm.,
PLATEX (No.
2545-6; Paris, No. 1671. 102-3, where his Egyptian career
Cf. AGW, pp.
124
J
[
*
summarized.
as
the same issue
is
above. These specimens are surely
of
The officials Mahmud and Salih are unidentified. 246 Ties., Nos.
*
Margin:
square:
-
*$
»l
.
form
E,
2
. .
Around,
in
#
C:
***
record unknown Mahmud, which the phrase
was.
we have
No mint. No date.
V- of
405-406.
as
certainly the same ones below.
'Ali,” but
on
he
as a
'ala yaday indicates that
Salih
in
hazard the guess that Salih prefect under him
identify the officials. One might no
loss
to
am still
at an is a
I
is
so,
large heavy characters
X
published specimens.” The style, the areas, seems me Egyptian, b.
this
variant
in of
but
if
its
is
apparently
with
of
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This
a
PLATE
See
--> 1.61 grm.
405)
No.
404
that published
“ABB As ID
coPPER
by Soret,” and attributed to abu-Ja'far Ashinäs.
I think there
doubt but that Soret's reading “Achnas” is
misreading of
a
mi’llah.”
•-[2-3
(continuing
in): gin)
the
Margin:
*I
J1] yl J1 y mar-
s-
Center
in): gin)
>
--> G3
(continuing the mar $1]
*J
&
J-1]*)
Gle
C
#
Center
Margin:
|
J% All
4
>y
“bis
A.H. =773-776 A.D.).
date. (ca. 157-159
lie
No mint [Misr]. No
407.
is little
(ex Newell Coll.). 20mm. (thickness 3.5mm.), 8.26grm.
known," attributed
Qinnasrin, but
I
this issue are
to
of
Varieties
No mint
name
on
doubt that the mint name has been read correctly.
Qinnasrin legible the Paris specimen, which illustrated. Lavoix must simply have followed Tiesenhausen's error, others sources, some whom must have read Qinnasrin is
present here, nor
in in
in
is
style and fabric
typically Egyptian The coin exceptionally thick), and Matar served
the mint.
is
of
mention
(it
making
no
of
is
Egypt. effaced. Year 151 A.H. =768 A.D. margin Outer within outer linOuter margin within linear circle: pellets, ear circle and circle
:
y p.
J1
J1
yl
. .
J!
.
Inner margin:
(*)--all
4
J-31 U
within border
Ji
*
Inner margin
Jel
.
5-3
. .
.
&
oo :
-->
.
**
~ &-'ll
-
J-M1
lie
. . .
-
5-
annulets,
.
of
by
interrupted
V.
Mint
408.
():
[
125
|
p.
249
in
to
37 =
à
26, No. Ties., No. 2568. Dorn (1856), AGW, would therefore delete my reference these coins 135. AGW, Ties., 2626, Paris, my pp. 118, 124, for Matar's glass weights. 250 No. No. 1601. Cf.
248 Soret
I
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PLATE
is
ANs
X
AE,
O
R A
RE IS LA M I C
by roughly
Center obliterated
CO
I NS
Center obliterated by hole.
AE,
square hole. (ex Valentine Coll.). 25mm., 4.96grm.
ANs
it
is
is
this very curious piece worn just barely possible that might al-Sughd, but
the mint name
quite smooth. given the condition
It
X
be
Unfortunately
of
PLATE
be
is
of
is
at
of
of
at
of
this point any reading must highly problematical. The flan shows the characteristics casting, opposite sides that there are straight edges the periphery where the piece was cut off. The arrangement the legends un the legend
a
of
I
a
conventional, and the borders, especially the reverse inner border, are atypical. believe everything points toward Central Asiatic help explain provenance mint.” Such would the later piercing
in
it
a
as a
square hole:
126
|
[
252 Cf. Nos. 384-5 above.
coinage and
the issues
of
in
the Bukhāran
Ilek-Khāns.
of
Compare the unconventionalities
of
*
a
is
Asiatic origin, although this not firm argument for there are Syria and Palestine cast flans the ‘Abbāsid period.”
in
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times
a
subsequent was probably used Chinese “cash.” The cast flan might also indicate Central
the coin with
the
AND TITLES (-ex] 3.
&
-->l
&
85-7
3:)
23-all
Ju
5211
107
&3-A 117,
74,
73
->
72,
G2-l
120
Liey)
J-yl
5-31) --Ö-y) 62-3,
J-y J- -
118, 122
>>
122
6o
J.-Jia
39-40, 52, 62-3, 83, Ioo
*Ji
G-J)
-->
. . .
G3
eV->
62
3.
5-3) →l
-->
115
71
59 AU1
g-yl ->J1
--
63
66
J
127
5-31)
3: A
122
[
122
Ji
&
3-3) →l
63
120
*J)
y)
3-y
3
J-31
62-3
Gle
~)
10
66
83,
81,
74,
64,
106,
J-el (V-y
106
59, 62-4, 71, 109-10, 113, 120, 122, 124
60,
38-9,
41,
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64-6,
2
-->
g.
-->
& &
Io8
-Wi
&
103
Jall
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122
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IND EX OF MINTS -u.J.
al-'Abbāsiyah Adhanah
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60
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24
4
24
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3
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Arrån Atrib
RA
Ifriqiyah
...,
Isbahān
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22, 61 43, 73,79, 89, 95
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57
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92
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4, 8
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112
25-6, 57, 62, 69-71, 92, 96, 117-8
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47,53,55, 58,
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121
64
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43, 103
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L-5 4I
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104 112 113 132
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al-Ramlah Al-J1 al-Rayy &_J1
44, 46-7, 70, 86, 97-8, 102
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23
61
23
al-Rahbah
... •ll
J1
al-Rafiqah
&xas
Gil
Qumm
Jull
43',
Nihâwand
Qinnasrin
120
31, 36-40, 46-9, 51-3, 74, 76, 79-81, 84, 119
al-Mubarakah al-Muhammadiyah
Nisibin
33,43-4, 27
J-5il
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5-6,
17
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81, 118
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Māh al-Küfah Makkah
is
87, 94-6, 98, 100, 103, 106
t’
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&-
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.311
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133
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Uncertain mint,
[
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12-5,
Tarsus cr:--, 102 Taymarrah 3_Tustar
97
&
Ju-Jil
Tabaristān Tabariyah
113-4
36-7, 41, 78-9, 83,
31
-
3
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93
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MINTS
64, 66, 71
96,
Sarakhs
O F
25 36-7, 39, 41, 46, 62, 76
al-
San'a
I N DE X
100, 106, 124-5
INDEX OF PERSONS (mentioned in historical commentary)
(or Qadid, or Fudayk), abu'l-‘Abbās Ahmad, 87 al-‘Abbās b. Amir al-Mu'minin, 75 “Abadah
b. Qudayd
al-‘Abbās b. al-Ma'mun, al-‘Abbās b.
75
Zufar (al-Hilāli),
109
‘Abd al-A'la b. Ahmad, 75 ‘Abd al-Malik b. Marwān b. Müsa, ‘Abd al-Malik b. Yazid, IIo
31
‘Abd al-Rahmān b. Khāqān, 75 ‘Abdullāh,
14
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‘Abdullah b. 'Amir, 4 ‘Abdullah b. Kházim, 5-6, Io ‘Abdullah
b. Mu'awiyah,
113
‘Abdullah b. al-Mu'tazz, 39 ‘Abdullāh Shāh,
12
‘Abdullah b. Táhir, 67-8 ‘Abdullah b. Zubayr, 4 al-Abrad,
122
Ahmad b. 'Abd al-'Aziz, 86 Ahmad b. Hârün, 107-8 Ahmad b. Marwān, 108 Ahmad b. Muhammad,
108
Ahmad b. al-Muwaffaq, 85, 87 abu-Ahmad Talhah, 84 Ahmad b. Tülün, 40, 119 Ahmad b. Yahya b. Rabi', 60 ‘Ali b. 'Abdullāh al-Sufyani, 67 abu-Ali al-Husayn b. al-Qāsim, 52
‘Ali al-Rida, 71 ‘Ali Sulaymān, Io ‘Ali b. Sulaymān,
10
[
134
|
109-10
I N DE X OF
P E R S O N S
‘Amid al-Dawlah, 52, 96 al-Amin, 10, 123 ‘Amru b. al-Layth, 85-7 al-Asfar,
70
'Atiyah b. al-Aswad, 8 Atrib
b.
Misr b. Baysar b. Häm b. Nüh, 32
abu-'Awn,
IIo
A'yan b. Harthamah, 73 abu-Bayhas al-Haysam b. Jābir, 67 Bilāl b. al-Härith, 21 Büyids, 93
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al-Dahhāk, 33 Dhü’l-Ri'āsatayn,
71
Dhu’l-Yaminayn, 70 abu-Dulafids, 45, 86
al-Fadl,
11
abu'l-Fadl,
103
al-Fadl b. Sulaymān, 12 al-Fadl b. Yahya, 10-12 Fātimids,
105
Ghassān b. ‘Abbād b. abi'l-Faraj, 73
al-Hadi, 123 Hadrian, 32 al-Hajjāj b. Yüsuf, 8, 67 al-Hakam b. Sinān, 63 Hammâd (al-Barbari), 62 Häni, 14 abu-Harb al-Mubarqa’, 68 al-Harib, 118 al-Harith,
118
[
135
|
RA
R E
LS
L
MI
A
C
CO
Harthamah b. Ā’yan, 63, 73 Hârün b. Khumârawaih, 42 al-Hasan b. Sahl, 73 al-Haytham b. Mu'awiyah,
I,
Heraclius
120
17
Hülägü, 56 al-Husayn b. 'Umar al-Rustami, 123 abu'l-Husayn al-Qāsim b. 'Ubaydullāh, Ibn-Bayhas, 67-9, 72 abu-Ibrāhim, 89 Ikhshidids,
102-3
Ilek-Khāns,
126
Ja'far,
al-Kindi,
117
12
abu-Ja'far, 89 abu-Ja'far Ashinäs,
125
Ja'far b. al-Mansur, 120 Ja'far b. Muhammad, 12 13
II,
Khālid b. Muhammad,
al-Mahdi,
1-3
al-Mahdi al-Fadl li'lláh, Mahmud, 124 al-Ma'mun, 68, 70, 75,
123
125
136
|
Bayhas, 67-9,
72
Muhammad
'Amru,
[
Muhammad
abi-Sufrah,
8
al-Muhallab
b. b. b.
Muflih al-Yüsufi,
50
Matar,
9
Khusrau
115
85
Jarir,
6o
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Ishāq b. al-Sabbah
43
INS
I N DE
OF
X
P E R S
ON
S
Hârün al-Rashid, 68 Muhammad b. Salih al-'Alawi, 68
Muhammad
b.
Muhammad
b. Salih b. Bayhas
al-Kilâbi, 67-9, 72
Muhammad b. Sulaymān, 42 al-Muhtadi, 38, 83
al-Muktafi, 89 Mu'nis, IoI al-Muntasir, 38
Muqātil,
14
al-Muqtadir,
50, 52, 100
Müsa b. Nusayr, abu-Muslim, 26
16
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al-Musta'in, 82-3 al-Mustansir, 54 al-Musta'sim, 54, 56 al-Mu'tadid, 85, 87-9 al-Mu'tamid,
84-5, 87-8
al-Mu'tasim, 68-9, 75, 77 al-Mutawakkil, 84 al-Mu'tazz, 38-9, 82-3
al-Muti,
54, 105
al-Mutaqqi,
103-4
al-Muwaffaq, 84-5, 87-8 al-Nasir, 54,
106
al-Nasir li-din Allâh, 84 al-Qāhir, 101-2 Qarmatids,
:
104
Rabi' b. Ziyād, Io al-Rădi,
103-4
al-Ridā,
71
Saffārids, 85-7, 92-3
[
137
J
R A R E
IS LA M I
C
Sā'id b. Makhlad, 84-5 Sajids, 50 Salih b.
'Ali,
124
Salm b. Ziyād, 5 abu'l-Sarāyā, 70 al-Sari b. Mansur (abu'l-Sarāyā), 70 Sulaymān, 13
Tāhir b. al-Husayn, 70 Tayfür, 123 Trajan, 32 Tülünids, 40, 42, 86,
119
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‘Ubaydullah b. abi-Bakrah, 7 ‘Ubaydullah b. al-Sari, 74 ‘Ubaydullah b. Ziyād, 5 ‘Umar b. al-‘Alā, 12-3
‘Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz, ‘Umar b. 'Ubaydullāh, 7
21
‘Uthmān, 64
Wali al-Dawlah, 43 al-Walid b. Mu'awiyah, Wasif, 50
120
al-Wäthiol, 68 Yahya b. al-Rabi', 59 Zanj, 84 Ziyād b. abi-Sufyān, 4
[
138
|
CO
INS
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PLATES
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
ARAB-SASSANIAN
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
PLATE
ARAB-SASSANIAN
II
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS PLATE
ARAB SASSANIAN: 29–32a. BUKHARA IMITATIONS: KHWARIZM, 35. TABARISTAN: 36–39a.
III
33–34a.
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
*
# W.
PLATE IV
£
#
f
TABARISTAN: 39b–52. EARLY AFRICAN AND SPANISH: 54–57. BYZANTINE-ARAB: 58–61. POST-REFORM UMAYYAD GOLD: 62–68.
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
"'NA
s.
|
.
POST_REFORM UMAYYAD SILVER
PLATE V
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
POST_REFORM UMAYYAD COPPER
PLATE VI
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS PLATE VII
‘ABBASID GOLD
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
‘ABBASID GOLD:
PLATE VIII
188–203.
ABBASID SILVER:
220–256.
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
-
PLATE IX
-
©
£ -
"
‘ABBASID SILVER
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
‘ABBASID SILVER:
PLATE X
346–362.
ABBASID COPPER:
363–408.
A’are /s/amic Coins BY
GEORGE C. MILES
THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
BROADwAY
AT 156TH STREET
NEW YORK
1950
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coPYRIGHT, 1950, BY THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC sociETY
COMPOSITION
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
BY PRINCETON
PRESSWORK
UNIVERSITY PRESS.
BY MERIDEN GRAVURE
CO.
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NUMISMATIC NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS Number 118
NUMISMATIC NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS is devoted to essays and treatises on subjects
relat
ing to coins, paper money, medals and decorations.
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PUBLICATION COMMITTEE HERBERT
E. IvEs, Chairman
ALFRED R. BELLINGER AGNES BALDw1N BRETT
THOMAs O. MABBOTT SAwYER.
McA.
MossER,
Editor
FOREWORD
\HIS
P-
is the first of
a projected
of contributions in
series
which it is proposed to describe inedited and rare Islamic coins for the most part in the Museum of the American Nu mismatic Society. To these have been added notable rarities in other public and private collections to which I have had access. Among the latter is the fine unpublished collection formed in Egypt by
|
Yacoub Artin Bey in the late nineteenth century, acquired by Robert C. H. Brock in 1902 and presented by him to the University
of
Pennsylvania Museum, whose authorities have generously placed the collection on temporary loan with the American Numismatic the Islamic coins
for example, the
certainly desirable, the American Numismatic Society, met, such catalogue the prohibitive expense could is
be
Museum
in,
complete catalogue of
if of
A
all
Society for purposes of publication.
of
to
of
of
be
is
on
as
of
as
in
in
this and other collections systematically, beginning nearly chrono with the earliest Muslim issues and proceeding logical order possible down through the successive dynasties the rare coins
to
of
to
be
Islam, need scarcely argued. Each rare coin has something add, sometimes trivial, sometimes quite significant, our knowledge
Islamic numismatics, history and geography. The orderly presenta of
to of
of a
a
of
of
of
tion this material should facilitate the eventual compilation complete corpus the coinages each the numerous Islamic gigantic undertaking, needless dynasties, say, and one which,
of
an
in
|
III
in
this collection have been published Society Museum Notes, (1948), “Some Early Arab
v
in
The American Numismatic pp. 93-114.
[
The Umayyad and early ‘Abbāsid dinars
article Dinars,"
in
spite
of
in
the already great mass edited coins, must still await many large and important the detailed description the rarities collections. *
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a
of
a
but even very large amount would involve the needless duplication already well known; both the cost material that the publisher scarcely commen and the effort the part the editor would publishing surate with the benefits gained. But the advantages
have been liberal: that
have
in
CO I NS is,
In determining “rarity” I
C
I
IS LA M I
RARE
a
or
numismatic literature. Thus, while
no
by
siderable number
of
a
have checked each specimen against the descriptions
in
the vast and often obscure
in
and (for me) the disproportionately unrewarding labor involved discovering whether given issue has has not been published
I in
to
of
I
in
cluded some pieces which have been published before and some which may have been edited, because have borne mind the many out-of-the-way publications, inaccessibility most readers
very
con
books, catalogues and articles, each search has
means been exhaustive.
tradition.
II.
the Sassanian
The
of
Post-Reform Umayyad Coinage, beginning with the earliest dinars and dirhams the purely Arab type, after the reform ‘Abd of
the decline
the ‘Abbāsid Caliphate
|
vi
{
and with the later Islamic empires, kingdoms and principalities both the East and the West.
in
evolved during the course
of
to
to
of
in
al-Malik, and continuing down the end the dynasty 132 A.H. (750 A.D.). III. The ‘Abbāsid Coinage, from 132 A.H. 656 A.H. Subsequent dynasties (1258 A.D.). volumes will deal with the which of
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Bukhārā and Tabaristān are
in
the Umayyad and ‘Abbāsid periods, for the early Muslim coins
of
I.
of
in
The present volume deals with rarities the three earliest di visions Islamic numismatics: The Pre-Reform Coinage, includ ing the Sassanian and Byzantine imitations. This section straddles
CONTENTS PAGE
FOREwoRD
ix
ABBREVIATIONS
I. THE
PRE-REFORM
CoINAGE
A. Arab-Sassanian Anonymous Governors Barbarous Imitations
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‘Abbāsid Coins of Bukhārā
:
Arab-Ephthalite
IO
Khwārizm
IO
‘Abbāsid Governors of Tabaristān
I2
Earliest African and Spanish Issues
15
Gold
15
Copper
C. Byzantine-Arab
II. THE
PosT-REFORM
I6 UMAYYAD CoINAGE
A. Gold
I9
B.
22
Silver
C. Copper
III.
27
THE ABBASID CoINAGE
A. Gold B.
C. Copper
INDICES
35
Silver 107
With Names of Mints
107
Mint Names Lacking or Effaced
I24 127
ABBREVIATIONS AGW=George C. Miles, Early Arabic The American
ANS=The
Society,
Numismatic
Monographs, no.
111,
Glass Weights and Stamps,
New York,
Numismatic
and
1948.
Museum of the American Numismatic
York.
Notes Society,
New
Berlin=Heinrich Nützel, Katalog der Orientalischen Münzen, I: Die Münzen der Östlichen Chalifen (Königliche Museen zu Berlin), Berlin, 1898.
I)
John Walker, A Catalogue of the Arab-Sas sanian Coins (British Museum), London, 1941. (in Sections II and III) Stanley Lane-Poole, Catalogue of Oriental Coins in the British Museum, London, 1875-1890.
BM=(in
Section
Casanova,
Casanova=P.
Inventaire sommaire de la Collection des
Qatalóght, Qustantiniyyah,
Dorn, Nova Supplementa=B. numorum
Muhammedanorum,
Islām. author's collection.
Ibn-al-Athir=Al-Kāmil
al-Ta'rikh, ed.
J.
GCM=the
editoris aucta,
Acad. Imp. Scient. Petersbourg, 1855.
of
I=Encyclopaedia
fi
of
E.
Petropolit. Additamentis
C.
censionem
1312.
Dorn, Nova Supplementa ad Re St.
Qadimeh-i-Islāmiyyeh
Tornberg, Leyden,
1867-1874.
of
JNSI=Journal JRAS=Journal
of of &
de
de
Ibn-Khaldün=Kitāb al-'Ibar, ed. Bülāq, 1284 A.H. Ibn-Khallikån=Wafayāt al-A'yān, ed. Slane, Paris, 1838; transl., London, 1843-1871. Slane, Paris the Numismatic Society India. the Royal Asiatic Society.
|
[ix
at
in
of
Khedivial Library=Stanley Lane-Poole, Catalogue the Collection Cairo, Arabic Coins preserved the Khedivial Library London, 1897. of
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Monnaies Musulmanes de S.A. la Princesse Ismail, Paris, 1896. Constantinople=Ismā'il Ghālib, Müze-yi-Humāyūn, Meskükät-i
RARE
IS LA M I C
CO I
NS
Le Strange, Lands=G. Le Strange, The Lands of the Eastern Cal iphate, Cambridge, 1930.
Le Strange, Palestine=Guy Le Strange, Palestine under the Mos lems, London, Petersbourg,
Muruj=Kitāb Murūj al-Dhahab,
ed.
Mey
de
Mas'udi,
Monet,
1896.
C.
St.
Markov=A.
1890.
Markov, Inventarnii Katalog Musulmanskikh Barbier
de
Pavet
Chronicle, London.
NHR=George
Miles, The Numismatic History
C.
NC=Numismatic
York, The American Numismatic Studies No. 2).
Society,
of
of
&
Courteille, Les Prairies d'Or, Paris 1861-1877. MMA=Metropolitan Museum Fine Arts, New York. nard
Rayy, New
(Numismatic
1938.
de
Lavoix, Catalogue des Monnaies Musulmanes Paris, 1887.
Bibliothèque Nationale,
du
et
Copenhague,
I,
Paris=Henri
Musée National
Turques
la
Cabinet Royal des Médailles Copenhagen, 1938.
de
du
NZ=Numismatische Zeitschrift, Wien. Østrup=J. Østrup, Catalogue des Monnaies Arabes
Academiae Imp. Scient. Petropolitanae, RN=Revue Numismatique, Paris.
St.
RA=Revue Archéologique. Recensio=C. M. Fraehn, Recensio Numorum Muhammedamorum Petersbourg,
de
ed.
Geoje
1879-1901.
St.
al., Leyden,
1826.
la
de
Numismatique Belge. RNB =Revue Tabari–Al-Tabari, Tar'ikh al-Rusul wa-al-Mulúk, et
Peters
Tornberg, Numi Cufici Regii Numophylacii miensis, Upsalla, 1848.
Hol
Ties.>W. Tiesenhausen, Moneti
Khalifata,
1873.
ad
numa Museo regio Holmiensi (Nova Acta ser.
[
riam Muhammedanorum Reg. Soc. Scient. Upsaliensis,
Tornberg, Symbolae
III,
|
IV=C.
x
Tornberg, Symbolae
J.
Tornberg=C.
ex
bourg,
vostochnavo
J.
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NNA=Nordisk Numismatisk Arsskrift.
vol.
IV),
rem
Uppsala,
1862.
R A RE
UM=Collection sylvania,
C
CO I NS
of the University Museum, University of Penn
Philadelphia;
Yāqüt=Mu'jam Zambaur,
IS LA M I
formerly Yacoub Artin Bey Collection. al-Buldán, ed. F. Wüstenfeld, Leipzig, 1866-1870.
Manuel–E.
de Zambaur,
Manuel de Généalogie
et de
Chronologie pour l’Histoire de l'Islam, Hannover, 1927. ZDMG=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.
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Z. für N.EZeitschrift für Numismatik,
[ xi
)
Berlin.
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I. THE PRE-REFORM
COINAGE
A. ARAB-SAssANIAN
Of approximately
150 Arab-Sassanian
coins
in the collection of
the American Numismatic Society, fifty-seven have been published
in John Walker's admirable Catalogue of the Arab-Sassanian Coins (British Museum, London, 1941). Except in one or two instances where
I
have felt that some minor emendation
is necessary
I
have
omitted reference to these published specimens in the following pages. They may be easily found in Walker's catalogue, designated vast majority of
“ETN” or “ANS”. The
Mr. Newell's collection incorporated has been with that of the Museum to which he devoted many years so of his life. In the present publication I have included
ANS and other collections unknown to Walker. part they For the most are minor varieties of published pieces, but a few are unique or quite unusual. With some exceptions I make no mention of specimens identical with those appearing in the
BM
catalogue. ANONYMOUS, WITH THE NAME OF KHUSRAU
Year
1.
30.
II
Dārābjird.
A
clipped specimen similar to BM No. 15 (p. 10), except that the obverse marginal legend, although obscure due to wear, appears not
Walker reads the mint signature a 3 as DR.' I would suggest the more apparent reading DP, a quite logical ab breviation, especially in view of the existing variant DAP." ANs (ex
Newell Coll.). 27mm., 2.72grm. PLATE
I
AR.
to be defective.
In
as
of
to
in
is a
to all
I
I
In
be
all
to
to to
by
and Arab-Săsânian
Coins,”
in
on Săsânian }
(“Mint-marks
1
Paruck
[
J.
pp. cili and cxvi.
D.
BM,
in
many other virtues, his exhaustive handling previously published Arab-Sas sanian coins spares the student the laborious searching, which have referred the foreword, usually incident publishing “rare and inedited” coins. consequence have and large been content refer only this work; other pertinent references can found there. of
Among
as
so
as
is
or
of
of
in
to
2
to
Referred this section the present volume simply BM. the sections dealing with the post-reform Umayyad coinage and the ‘Abbāsid coinage, the abbreviation BM refers the pertinent volume Lane-Poole's Catalogue Oriental Coins the British Museum. definitive, delight nearly Walker's catalogue one can wish, and use.
* * F.
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specimens from the
JNSI, VI,
R A RE 2.
IS LA M I
C
CO I NS
Year 30. Nihâwand.
RB 2 (p. 10), with the following exceptions: -AJH (BM signature No. 43a), and the star
Similar to BM No. the mint signature is
and crescent on the rev. are reversed, i.e., star
l. and crescent r. of
GCM
(Teheran, 1935). 30mm., 3.69grm.
3.
PLATE
Year
I
AR.
flame.
Dārābjird.
41.
is
it
(#. (ex Newell Coll.). 29mm., 3.3ogrm.
ANs
Year 45. Sistan. (p. 18). reading
of I
BM No. Th.
2
Identical with
reproduce this specimen
in
the
R.
is
it
confirms Walker's the date, which “faint, but almost certainly” 45. Thorburn Collection because
1946). 32mm., 4.08grm. PLATE
no
5.
I
GCM (Bombay,
Year 43(2). Sistán.
GCM
(Bombay, 1946). 32mm.,
4.01 grm.
above, except
in
No.
the
following particulars: breast
p.
Similar
5
Year 44(?). Sistän. to
6.
PLATE
I
AR.
I
a
to
is
in
in
to
Similar the above except the following particulars: breast &\e-; ornament; legend first quarter date --rel-e-. The date puzzle. With great hesitation suggest JHLSIH. me
in
is
as
|
de
of
I
2
by
in
[
of
to
of
of
be
105) read DP and made the vague suggestion that the mint might “located Dārābgard.” assigning BM mint agree with Walker the vicinity the district Dārābjird, and general with his consolidation marks Nos. 17-22 variants. The Morgan separate mints hypothecated number such writers Paruck and fantastic. 1944,
in
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4.
PLATE
I
AR.
*.*.: J) (-
l.
is
9
I.
(p. 17), probably identical, but not illus margin present specimen trated and the obv. not described. The shoulder, has: crescent over breast-ornament ..., and margin,
Cf. BM No.
A R A B-SAS SANIAN •
•; date
JHLJR
GCM
(Bombay, 1946). 32mm., 3.91grm.
be
to
of
the margin
these
MZD, Pahlevi mizd, “Lohn”=Persian
the year
No.
the final letter
and the Thorburn specimen
of is
more clearly written than
and
6
“valid currency.” On Nos. 4
sense
on
the
5
me mizd, muzd, “reward, premium, salary, wages, hire,” probably
of
-,
3
in
the first quarter
to in
The legend £N*-
of
PLATE
coins" appears
I
with much reserve. AR.
submit
-ca)-2-. This date also is very curious and
I
ornament
45.
no
25
7.
Year 48. Bishapür. of
in
to
(p. 19), but countermark, obverse mar Similar BM No. gin correctly written, and slight variation the epigraphy the
to
.
(similar
BM counter
obverse over beginning
the epigraphy AR.
variations
in
Three specimens similar
(p. 21), but with minor
the date and mint.
(ex Newell Coll.). 33,
31, 30mm. 3.89, 3.26, 3.38grm.
following particulars: ear
s.v.
II
p.
is
this legend on the Thorburn specimen. (Uppsala, 1928), (Uppsala, 1931), 53,
]
152; Steingass,
[
In
S.
* 6
the BM catalogue the only occurrence Nyberg, Hilfsbuch des Pehlevi,
Cf. H.
the
of
except
I
the above
3
Similar
in
Year 50(?). Bishápiir. to
10.
ANs
BM No.
33
Bishápiir.
of to
9.
50.
I
(ex Newell Coll.). 33mm., 3.93grm.
ANs
PLATE
Year
of
quarter
***6
&# of
second
AR.
11
mark No. Arabic legend.
in
above, but countermark
?)
to
Similar
. .
Bishápiir.
48.
-
*
8.
Year
I
AR.
(ex Newell Coll.), 32mm., 3.47grm.
ANs
PLATE
p.
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date.
IS LA M I C CO I NS
RA R E
o
Ji
ornament obverse margin 9 g. 6: r" (# (pellet, if any, under star and crescent at bottom, clipped); date somewhat obscure. (Teheran, 1935). 28mm., 2.75grm.
GCM
PLATE
I
AR.
&,
Governors
Dārābjird. Year 53=65
A.H. =684/5 A.D.
of
reverse
d".
in
of
fourth quarter
(Teheran, 1935). 31mm., 3.81grm.
GCM
applies
as
well
in
the Pahlevi legend
the
of
-
,
be
to
to
me (with the letter following) the description BM No. 48. The same ob
BM No.
(p. 103).
206
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
31mm., 4.02grm. PLATE
13.
52
Ziyād Bishāpür. Year
b.
II
AR.
servation
in
transcribed
to
not
as
as
that obverse margin appears
the present specimen
of
(p. 35). On BM No. the BM the third letter
in to
on
Similar
A.H. =686/7 A.D. 48
Kirmān. Year
12.
abi-Sufyan
A.H. =672 A.D.
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 33mm., 3.74grm.
is
clearly
on
[4
(ex Newell Coll.). 28mm., 2.76grm. PLATE
II
ANs
|
AR.
no
and there
A.H. =664/5 A.D.
(p. 47), but the breast-ornament additional pellet the neck.
BM No. is
•,
Similar
Āmir
68
Bishapür. Year to
14.
44
‘Abdullāh
b.
PLATE
II
AR,
in
of
no
a
9
to
(p. 38), but with Similar BM No. ANS minor difference the epigraphy the date, and countermark.
•
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67
PLATE
II
AR.
in
(p. 33), except: breast-orna crown; minor difference
8
date; and
r.
epigraphy
and nothing 7
*; star
l,
to
BM Nos. ANS
Similar ment clearly
of
11.
Zubayr
b.
‘Abdullah
A R A B-SAS
S
AN IAN
‘Ubaydullah b. Ziyād 15.
A.H. =677/8 A.D.
Basrah. Year 58
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
if
the
28mm., 3.36grm. PLATE
II
AR.
Similar to BM No. 80 (p. 58) (not illustrated), that is epigraphy of the date is the same.
83
BM No.
(p. 58), but date written AR.
Similar
AH-679/80 A.D.
Year 60
Basrah.
to
16.
kJ/0/.
(ex Newell Coll.). 32mm., 4.28grm.
ANs
of
to
of
to
62
of
61
of
Walker (BM, pp. 184-185) has made brief mention two speci Basrah, year Basrah, mens (similar BM No. 85), and one year (similar BM No. 87), two them from the Newell Col
Similar
b.
99
7B
9B.
Ziyād
A.H. =682/3 A.D.
BM Nos.
124ff. (p. 78), except that there
no
Marv. Year to
17.
63
Salm
to
in 60
NHR No.
to
of
was listed
(ex Newell Coll.), similar
is
104,
Rayy, year
in
BM No.
specimen
62
of
is
A
Coll.).
crescent
ANs (ex
Brand Coll.). 33mm., 3.43grm.
A.H. =686/7 A.D. of
as
interpretation the mint signature usually read the epigraphical difficulty inherent this reading. Paruck's counter-arguments (op. cit., pp. 99-10o), although the Parsik
form
of
in
to
with regard
J
[
to
cannot agree with the bulk dispute his statement am not equipped Balkh.
5
accept Walker's am inclined BM, pp. cxii-cxiii), spite
(see
Khāzim
of
Year
of in
BBA
Balkh.
to
I
7
18.
67
‘Abdullah
b.
PLATE
II
AR.
.
of
l.
is
#5, in shoulder, and there only one countermark over the the first quarter the obverse. Date poorly preserved and badly written.
I I
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he
lection, the other from the Wood Collection. Similarly has men (p. Rayy, year except tioned 186) one (similar BM No. .".), published my NHR, No. that the earring (ex Newell
the name
R A RE
BM No.
158
fou
over 64 of obverse margin.
A.Ş."
91), but countermark only, obverse margin, between the Arabic legend 172
of
second quarter
the flan. AR.
and the edge
A.H. =685/6 A.D.
BM No. of
in
Similar
(ex Newell Coll.). 33mm., 3.97grm.
ANs
(p.
Marv. Year to
19.
66
AR.
and countermark
(p. 88), but no crescent over the l. shoulder,
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 34mm., 4.06grm.
it
has the
BM No.
(p. 93).
182
only because almost the same position, just
same countermark
mention
it
Identical with
A.H. =688/9 A.D.
I
Marv. Year
in
20.
69
PLATE
II
Similar to
IS LA M I C CO I NS
AR.
Marv. Year
69
21.
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 34mm., 4.02grm.
A.H. =688/9 A.D.
foL
(pp. 92-3), but countermark
175ff.
A.H. =689/90 A.D.
foL
dif
first quarter.
(twice
over 64, and
first quarter.
că
in
to
(b) (c)
(p. 94), but with
in
I'
185
“l.
to
Three specimens, similar BM No. ferent countermarks, wit: (a)
P)
Marv. Year
Newell Coll.). 33mm., 3.68grm.
ANs (ex
in
22.
70
AR.
in
to
Similar BM Nos. only, third quarter.
third
the date.
One
p.
Walker,
of
191.
Newell Coll.). 34, 34, 34mm., 4.06, 4.02, 3.96grm.
J
6
ANs (ex
[
AR.
the specimens received mention
the epigraphy
by
There are minor differences
in
quarter.
of
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above (#.
ARA
B-SAS S AN IAN
‘Umar b. 'Ubaydullāh 23.
Ardashir-Khurrah. Year 70 A.H. =689/90 A.D.
3:
^
of
r.
J
no
of
r.
l.
no
..)
pellet over 1, shoulder; obv, margin **) ...-J1 •(*countermark; pellet pellet and mint signature;
5
Similar to BM No. Cam. 9 (p. 99), except in these particulars:
(ex Newell Coll.). 28mm., 2.93grm.
ANs
24.
67
PLATE
Bishapür. Year
II
AR.
date.
A.H. =686/7 A.D. (p. 99), except
in
194
the
to
Similar
L'o
195
and
p.
(p. 99), but ear-crescent doubtful, and fourth quarter.
AR.
countermarks
BM No.
A.H. =687/8 A.D.
(ex Newell Coll.). 33mm., 4.04grm.
ANs
Bishapür. Year to
Similar
BM No.
A.H. =688/9 A.D.
197
in
is
it
illustrated here because shows the margin, specimen. the reverse cut off the BM ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
32mm., 4.02grm. PLATE
J
7
[
to
is
Three specimens, which one similar (p. 110). The other two: (a) breast-ornament
BM No. Th.
14
A.H. =698/9 A.D. •;
Year
abi-Bakrah
•
Sistän.
of
27.
79
‘Ubaydullāh
b.
II
AR.
pellet
on
Walker (p. 193), but
(p. 100). This specimen received mention
it
26.
69
PLATE
II
Bishápiir. Year
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 2.57grm.
ANs
in
68
25.
by
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AR.
by
to
in
""
BM No.
;
to
following particulars: clipping; points obverse margin uncertain due Walker, no countermarks. Mentioned but not described 193. Similar earring
date obscure;
RA R E
IS LA M I
INS
CO
C
nothing l. and r. of flame; (b) breast-ornament
r";
•(?); pellet under
AR,
pellet and obscure stroke l, and r. of flame. GCM
(Bombay, 1946). 33, 32mm., 4.07, 3.98grm. PLATE
72
A.H. =691/2 A.D. as
in
mentioned Walker (p. 196). Although the legible, and the specimen differs some
is
obscure
it
is
date
is
This specimen
27b)
by
Kirmān. Year
28.
(No.
al-Aswad
b.
‘Atiyah
II
Ji
beginning of
•
the end. PLATE
II
as
publish
it
(p. 111).
I
74
BM No. Th.
here,
Thor
the
has not been illustrated. AR.
burn specimen
(ex Newell Coll.). 31mm., 3.91grm.
ANs
A.H. =693/4 A.D. 15
(Teheran, 1935). 28mm., 2.92grm.
GCM
PLATE
the
BM No.
b.
A.H. =694/5 A.D.
222 (p. 114). There
pellet after the date
BM specimen, although not described). AR,
(also
on
Similar
abi-Sufrah
is a
Bishapür. Year to
30.
75
Al-Muhallab
ANS. 32mm., 3.56grm.
A.H. =695/6 A.D. 230 (p. 118), but
remarkable interest and ANs
reproduce
it
here relatively good preservation.
I
BM No.
AR.
its
Identical with
III
Yüsuf
its
31. Bishapür. Year
76
Al-Hajjāj
b.
PLATE
view
III
in
Similar
to
Kirmān. Year
of
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29.
in
it
here:
AR.
letters
at
I
obliterated,
describe
no
Pahlevi inscription after © obverse margin; and the mint signature contains additional, but particulars
(ex Starosselsky Coll.,), 32mm., 3.82grm. PLATE
[8]
III
B UK
HARA
Barbarous Imitations 32.
Zaranj
(?). Date uncertain.
similar to BM No. 245 (p. 126). In both cases only part of the marginal Arabic legend is preserved, and the name of the mint is completely effaced. The epigraphy of the name in Pahlevi at the r. of the bust differs somewhat from the BM speci
Two
specimens
men, but specimen
HUSRUI
is undoubtedly
I
illustrated
the correct reading.
can make nothing
of the mint signature (if
any); on the other specimen it is defaced by The dates (?) are: and 22. AR.
-'
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
a
crack in the coin.
33, 32mm., 3.07, 3.0ogrm.
of
PLATE
(No.
32a)
Bukhārā
ANS
of
In
III
p.
of p.
of
collection there are three specimens the Bukhārā 163); one intermediate imitations (BM Nos. b.5-b.6, the type 164); nine with --> (BM No. 317, the 5-til type (BM, the
(i),
Nos. 319ñ., pp. 164-166), and three other specimens, described below. variant
33.
Bilingual,
with legend “Al-Mahdi al-Fadl li'lláh.”
Pl. I,
11,
p.
S.
le
de
de
of
One other example this very rare issue has been published (W. Tiesenhausen, Notice sur une collection monnaies orientales Stroganoff (St. Petersburg, 1880) M. Comte
il
5
of
(p. 167). The obverse No. 5=BM No. Ties. the present piece identical with the above. The reverse, which has never been
the inscriptions
Hor
made
of
head
flames. Nothing can
of
grotesque
be
the altar surmounted
by
fire altar and attendants, with
a
Walker assumed, the usual debased representa
(?). AR.
muzd
on a
tion
of
lustrated, bears,
as
is
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‘Abbāsid Coins
On the
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 2.93grm. PLATE
[9]
III
Arabic legend, ‘Ali Sulayman.
I
or
I
it to
ap
gle, -the
letters after the critical word the interpretation
the
the legend which discussed (BM, pp. xciv
of
letter
greatest difficulty
thoroughly and competently accept Walker's reading and argument for al-Amin, but so
Walker has xcvi).
a
bear
different dies, but essentially similar them, only because illustrate one
in
point
to
of to
pears
3-yl
of
of
published specimens.
Gle
I
They are
J3-2
3-
J-
...~
-
344-350 (pp. 168-9), bearing
BM Nos.
Ji
obverse legend:
INS
J
specimens similar to
~
the
Two
u.
34.
CO
C
4
IS LA M I
RA R E
must confess
scepticism about the suggestion
considerable
that
or
a
&
of
I
of
Sulayman”
“at the hands
of
an b.
“‘Ali
after gle are not clear; but does somewhat support one these two logical pos omitted word which would make the legend read
AR, ANS.
Sulayman.”
25, 25mm., 2.5I, 2.43grm. PLATE
III (No.
34a)
Arab-Ephthalite b.
17
by
b.
of
in
of
The two rare Arab-Ephthalite coins the ANS, one Rabi' (?), Ziyād (?), and the other ‘Abdullah Kházim have been Walker, BM Nos. ANS published pp. 20, and ETN 127-8.
(?),
turban
with
surrounded
necklace
ca. 795
=
A.H.
A.D.
riding prancing holding horse with trappings whip (?) upraised with left hand, and reins with right; Horseman,
r.,
king,
helmet
flaps behind;
two
Aramaic leg-
wears crested helmet
(?), with
flaps; quiver suspended [
r.
strands. Debased end
Ca. 179
10
|
crested by
wearing
head
(?).
r.,
Beardless
Yahyà
of
Al-Fadl
of
35.
b.
Khwārizm
at
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it
believe that sibilities; i.e.,
either
in
gle, because the letters(?)
or
5-4
of
to
an
of
two governors are present. Unfortunately the present argument specimen fails clinch favor concealed the names
diago
KH w ARIZM nally behind rider's legs; above croup, in finely engraved Kufic
Jail);
characters, end
around,
leg
in Khwārizmian charac
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 1.91grm.
ANs
Thomas
1870, and subsequently
by
III
W. Tiesen
Cunningham,
be
al-Birüni's
P.
list
by
1937-1938,
this type and
suggest the
with the names
the pre-Islamic
of
and
to
eighth centuries,
in
Material Culture
the issuing rulers
certain
conducted
excavations
of
to
third
of
kings given
the
of
result
Khwārizmian kings
establish the provenance
of to
identification
in of of
antecedents
of
the late eighth century
the Aphrigid dynasty. As
Tolstov has been able
S.
any doubt about the correct attribution
a
the present type
longer
the Soviet Institute for the History
Khwārizmian
dynasty.” the
Arab viceroy
Yahyā, who governed
of
of
issue
in
Barmecide al-Fadl
an
probability
b.
all
in
is
The particular type represented here, bearing the name al-Fadl, Khurāsān, the
the East from
177
=
so 4,
i
et
in
in
K.
10
A.
p.
à
en
of
of
J.
* * E. E.
Thomas, “Indo-Parthian Coins,” NC, 1870 pp. 142ff. JRAS, 1870, pp. 153ff. Rapson, “On the Attribution Fabric,” NC, certain Silver Coins Sassanian 1896, pp. 246ff.; Ed. Drouin, “Observations sur les Monnaies légendes Pehlevi RA, 1886, Pehlevi-Arabe,” 66; Markov, “Neizdannye arsakidskie monety,” ZVORAO, VI, pp. 265-304. Monety Shakhov Drevnego Khorezma Alfavit, Drevnekhorezmiiskii Vestnik
is
in
of
N.
of
is
It
1938, pp. 120-145. Drevnei Istorii, No. unfortunate that the illustrations accompany ing this article are poor. The following notes were written before the publication Frye's “Notes on the Early Coinage Richard Transoxiana” (Numismatic Notes and Monographs, No. 113, N.Y., 1949), which (pp. 196.) the present type discussed and
J
11
[
2,
in an
at
in
of
is
this particular piece illustrated. The results these excavations are summarized article by Henry Field and Eugene Prostov, “Excavations Khwarazm, 1937-1938,” Ars Islamica, Vol. VI, Pt. 1939, pp. 158-166. The coins are briefly discussed on pp. 164-5. 11
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of of
1938" there can
to
no
of
Rapson, Drouin, Markov and others." Their identification long mained uncertain, but since the publication Tolstov
its
hausen and
by
this and allied types were first discussed
in
Coins
E.
of
PLATE
in re
AR.
terS.
RAR E
IS LA M I C
C O
I NS
Other coins of similar type bear the name Ja'far, identified with Ja'far b. Muhammad, governor of to
179
or
180 A.H. =793-797 A.D.”
Khurāsān in
On both of these types Tolstov tentatively reads the Khwārizmian legend as ‘Abdullāh Shāh, the Muslim name of the probable Aphrigid ruler of the A.H. =787-789 A.D."
171-173
period.”
The weights of Tolstov's specimens with Arabic legends are: 2.05, 1.92, 1.44
and
1.32 grims.
‘Abbāsid Governors of Tabaristán ‘Umar b. al-‘Alā Name in Pahlevi Year
122 = 157
A.H. =773/4 A.D. of
r.,
P)
l.,
This coin is unique. Similar to BM No. 262 (p. 134), except in the following particulars: star and pellet pellet (and star
AR.
of
S
is
at
l.
r.
of
crown; star flame; date 'el) Pelul (the first and crescent missing because the coin has been pierced letter this point); pellet over mint name. (Teheran, 1935). 24mm., 1.91grm.
GCM
Name
in
PLATE
Pahlevi and Arabic
A.H. =776/7 A.D. (p. 136). Identical with BM No.
because
of
reproduce
it
I
40
B.
excellent preservation. AR.
its
III
Year 125=160
37.
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 1.92grm.
ANs
III
p.
is
of
pp. 629, 631, 637, 645. There some question about the period al-Fadl's Khurāsān; my NHR, pp. 67-8. Tolstov (op. cit., the discussion 131) in
III,
cf.
Tabari governorship
of
**
PLATE
J
12
of
be
to
is,
J.
p.
b.
135.
[
p.
p.
is
on
It
V,
ibid.,
of E.
to
of
to
787-795 A.D. and makes reference other reports the dates al-Fadl's viceroyship. Barthold (Turkestan down the Mongol Invasion, W. Gibb Memorial Series, N.S., London, 1928, pp. 202, 464) gives 794-795. course, not excluded that the Sulaymān (783-787 A.D.) (cf. Tolstov, loc. cit.). Fadl mentioned the coins al-Fadl *Tolstov, op. cit., 131; Tabari III, 609. gives
**
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36.
TABARISTAN Name in Arabic 38.
Year 127=162
A.H. =778/9 A.D.
AR.
Similar to BM No. 268 (p. 138), but no pellet over S of mint name.” (Teheran, 1935). 24mm, 1.87grm.
GCM
PLATE
III
Sulaymān 39.
Year 137=172 A.H. =788/9 A.D.
various differences
in
to
Six specimens similar
285-288 (pp. 144-5), but
BM Nos.
I
faulty obverse marginal inscription. AR. R.
(a) (b)
ANs GCM
reproduce two specimens only.
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 2.1ogrm. (Istanbul, 1942). 23mm., 1.76grm. PLATE PLATE
III
(No.
IV (No.
39a) 39b)
Year 138=173 A.H. =789/90 A.D. Similar BM No. 288 (p. 145), but with different neck-orna 209); Unvala lists none. mentation. This issue rare (cf. BM AR.
is
p.
to
40.
GCM
(Istanbul, 1942). 23mm.,
1.71
PLATE
grn.
IV
Jarir Year 135=170 A.H. =786/7 A.D. (p. 145), but breast-ornament ".", and Similar BM No. of 5
and
r.
l.
pellet (not star)
Z.
to
41.
flame. 25mm., I.92grm.
42.
AR. ANS.
F.
ANs (ex
J.
AR.
l.
r. to
(p.
Year 136=171 A.H. =787/8 A.D. 145), but breast-ornament Similar BM No. 289 star and of flame. Jones
Coll.). 24mm,
"...',
and
1.65grm.
to
as
be
I
]
13
[
in
to
in
no
to
be
J.-M. Unvala, Numismatique
mens
it
pl.
XXII, lists some speci du Tabaristān (Paris, 1938), that may identical this. This work cannot, unfortunately, relied upon legible reproductions. abounds errors and contains have not attempted collate specimens his references the ANs. 15
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with
the neck-ornamentation, and none with the
IS LA M I C CO I NS
RA R E
Häni Year 137=172
A.H. =788/9 A.D.
BM No.
293
and
"...',
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 1.94grm.
ANs
A.D.
789/90
".",
147), but breast-ornament
and
l.
Similar
A.H.
(p.
Year 138=173 to
44.
=
AR.
Similar to BM No. 291 (p. 147), but breast-ornament (apparently) crescent l. and pellet r. of flame.
r.
43.
AR.
of flames obscure. (ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 2.17grm.
ANs
Muqātil of
l.
and star
Armstrong (Toronto). 23mm., 1.87grm.
‘Abdullāh
BM No.
on
A.H. =790/1 A.D. 55
Similar
174
I.
to
Year 139=
46.
(p. 150), but the date
this specimen
(Teheran, 1936). 23mm, 2.07grm.
BM
catalogue
No. ANS
the other
(p. 151), Pl.
is
of
one and the reverse
Abdullāh's issue
of
The obverse
specimens 21
the
ANS two as
in
year 140.
the
of
There are
in
PLATE
IV
of
GCM
the
illustrated
XXVI, No.
5.
AR.
is
distinct.
“Afzut” Coins
star; tiny pellet
and
of
in
following particulars: the r.
appears
the
l,
breast-ornament
305, except a
BM No.
be
Similar
A.H. =784/5 A.D. to
Year 133=168 to
47.
the
AR.
flame. GCM
(Teheran, 1935). 24mm,
Unvala does not list this variety.
14
J
[
16
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H.
296 (p. 149), but crescent
BM No.
r.
A.H. =790/1 A.D.
F.
174
AR.
Similar flame."
to
Year 139=
45.
1.82
grm.
TABARISTAN Year 134=
48.
A.H. = 785/6 A.D.
169
Similar to BM No. 306 (p. 155), but star, not pellet, l. and r. of D.
R.
AR.
flame. Kenney
(N.Y.).
25mm., 2.11grm.
Year 136= 171 A.H. =787/8 A.D. 157), but breast-ornament ".", and Similar BM No. 312 flame. AR.
l
and
r.
(?)
pellets
of
to
(p.
49.
of
and
r.
star
l.
a
implies
23
BM No. ETN
to
Similar
1.61grm.
A.H. =788/9 A.D.
Year 137=172
50.
GCM. 24mm.,
(p. 158), but the
flame, whereas
BM description
ETN
both the
specimen
AR.
and the present one have pellets, not stars.
of flame. ANs (ex Wood
Coll.). 23mm, PLATE
(p.
313
IV
159), but breast-ornament "...', and
flame. AR,
of
=
and star
r.
l.
pellet
BM No.
176
1.8ogrm.
A.H. =792/3 A.D.
141
to
Year Similar
52.
2.04grm.
(p. 158), but breast-ornament ".", AR.
and
23
BM No. ETN r.
to
l.
and star
ANs. 24mm, 2.16grm. PLATE IV
Year 143= 178 A.H. =794/5 A.D. Similar BM Nos. 314ff. (p. 160), but breast-ornament uncer flame. AR.
of
and
r.
tain, and pellet
l.
to
53.
ANs (ex Newell
B. EARLIEST AFRICAN
Coll.).
25mm., 1.78grm.
AND SPANISH IssuEs
Similar
to
Africa. Type
54.
I.
Gold
BM ix," Nos.
74-75 (p. 21), Codera," pp. 39-42.
The
references
de
J
15
[
y
in
of
to
17
Stanley Lane-Poole's Catalogue henceforth are Oriental Coins Museum (London, 1875-90). Zaidin, Tratado Don Francisco Codera Numismática Arábigo-Española (Madrid, 1879).
BM
the British
*
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Similar
Coll.). 24mm,
A.H. =788/9 A.D.
Year 137=172
51.
ANs (ex Wood
RARE
IS LA M I C
C O
I NS
present piece presents nothing unusual, but good specimens
of
these
issues are of sufficient rarity to deserve reproduction. A.
(ex Newell Coll.). Iomm., 2.01grm.
ANs
PLATE
Similar to BM
No.
73
Africa. Type I.
ix,
55.
IV
(p. 21), but inscriptions imperfectly A.
preserved. (ex Newell Coll.). Iomm., 1.36grm.
ANs
PLATE 56.
Spain. Type
III.
Year
IV
93.
INOCXI.
(ex Newell,
ANs
ex
A'.
and
92
to
ix,
(p. 24), Codera, pp. 46–51. Obverse in Similar BM No. scriptions completely preserved: ININ2LôFRTIN2PNANNXCIII Campaner
Coll.).
12.5mm., 4.26grm. PLATE IV
Nusayr. as
Same type
Paris,
i,
Müsa
b.
57.
Nos.
120-124,
but the variant inscriptions
NI........ .
.
.
.
NIIVSI&MVS
.
MIR(?)
. .
Rev.: reading from top counter-clockwise
.
Obv.: reading from top clockwise (upside down) (right side up) XVX.
.
A
are worth recording:
AE, ANS.
I5mm., 2.90grm. PLATE
IV
C. BYzANTINE-ARAB Copper
who undertakes do
the scholar
to a
of
to
of
use
of
These may complete publication described.
be
of
in
Among the approximately fifty Byzantine-Arab coppers the types commonly collection ANS there are several varieties
16
|
[
be
this series, but the varieties not seem reproducing quite me worth here. The few unusual pieces are described below. to
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Copper
BYZ ANT IN E - A R A B COPPER
Harrān.
X-P-A.
Beneath: obscure, Beaded border.
(?)
(Adler). AE
52
Cf. Ties, No.
IS
Beaded border.
I.
:
At
&l_-
At
+Q
-->
K
r.:
At
l.:
Caliph standing. At
1:
58.
ANs (ex
Newell Coll.). 19mm., 2.93grm.
IV
PLATE
Qinnasrin.
Bearded head facing.
R.
by
of
Paris, described
Caliph
in
to
“J”
(?),
is
[ć]-->
From the eyebrows downward the face
better preserved than
AE.
spite
in
so
This coin
is
bare-headed.
of
reproduce
in
I
that
it
coins should not be described
its as
on
in
to on
of
on the Paris specimen, but not unfortunately the upper part the head, part argument which Cottevieille-Giraudet bases his “Caliph” reply suggestion" Byzantine-Arab Walker's that the
curious
poor preservation. ANs (ex
Wood Coll.). 16mm., 2.12grm. PLATE
Letters
,
C!
O
e.
•
center:
X
In
I,
of
BM
standing, Heraclius Nos. 2ff, (pp. 4-6).
at ix, r.
as
Figure
obscure.
\s, Beneath: Beaded border. AE.
all
Beaded border.
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
20mm., 4.01grm.
125.
17
J
1935,
[
J.
NC,
p.
PLATE Walker,
IV
&P
Uncertain Mint.
60.
19
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that the Cabinet des Médailles, Cottevieille-Giraudet, RN, 1935, pp. 227-8.
very rare coin similar
A
59.
IV
RAR E
Uncertain Mint.
In
Caliph standing. Traces of legupwards, end at
center:
J.
. . .
.
.
l.,
&E->
(3)
Beaded border.
Around: beginning
at
61.
IS LA M I C CO INS
top,
up y
J1
yl
J1
J3-2
.
4J)
. .
side down,
ANs (ex
Newell Coll.). 18mm., 3.62grm.
18
}
PLATE
[
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-
AE.
Beaded border.
IV
II. THE POST-REFORM UMAYYAD COINAGE A. GoLD
Of
ANS
the thirty-three Umayyad dinars in the
collection the
following seven merit publication."
A.H. = 709/10 A.D. One-third dinar. Within circle: Within circle: 1 J1 y all y 91
Margin: Qur’ān, IX, 33, to 3-J) A.
to 94
J-J)
s-
- -dl
-->
ANs (Greenwood). 14mm., 1.42grm. PLATE IV
is
to
i,
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
J-yu
-
above, but rev. margin:
(ex Newell,
ex
A'.
similar specimen was published ANs
cull
Longpérier
Campaner
-->
** 3:
(Ties, No. 497).
Coll.).
15mm., 1.43grm.
19 |
III
The American Numismatic Society Museum Notes, and 92.
[
87
in
PLATE 19a Listed 57, 75, 84,
IV
A.H. =720/1 A.D. One-third dinar. lie
102
by
no.
62
As
Al-Andalus. Year
to
16.5mm, 2.11grm. PLATE
65.
the
1.
i,
half dinar, although the legend reads &l: A'.
standard
ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 12mm., 1.07grm. PLATE IV
A.H. =714/5 A.D. One-half dinar. BM No. 20, but both size and weight conform
a
Year Similar
64.
of to 96
A'.
a
of
17,
A.H. =712/3 A.D. One-quarter dinar. Similar BM No. but &&- (sic), and the weight that quarter dinar, although the legend appears read &d). Year
63.
A
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(-:
c-J)
Margin:
3-3
J)
lie
Year
62.
IV
(1948), Nos. 43, 53,
IS LA M I C CO
R A RE
INS
Madin Amir al-Mu'minin bi'l-Hijaz. Year 105 A.H. =723/4 A.D.
66.
e-A-9
c)-Aaa
all
eu*_* +
- J|
:
* * ~.J3
J| y
Yl
J
J1
J-51] U-l
y
Margin: Qur’ān, IX, 33, to
5\ad-u
J-
Margin:
als'
**
J--> <- L.-J., 1* +---
A. ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 20mm., 4.16grm. PLATE IV
This extraordinary issue, of which there were four specimens (from two sets of dies) in the Princesse Ismail Collection, was partially described and discussed by P. Casanova its
of the duplicates in Casanova's
the uniqueness
it in
E. T.
of
Mr.
way into the market and Newell, who presented
events the extreme rarity
the mint, “The mine
of
ANS. At
the
all
1929
into the hands
of
to
eventually
the coin and
the Commander
the
of
of
the problem
he
to
to
identifying this mine.
collect material relating an
years,
In to
period
of
over
a
in
Believers the Hijāz,” contribute the singular interest this writing proceeded, issue. After the brief note cited above Casanova
21 20
approximately 41° 20' Casanova, Nos. 162-3,
be
at
N.” The
23° 30'
3976-7, and pp.
Arab historians record
IV-VI.
of
on
Mecca,
“mine identified
Medina and the route between Baghdad and Mecca,
E.,
north-west
of
with Ma‘din (later Harrah) Bani Sulaim, southeast
of to
is
the Believers
the Hijāz”
of
all
of
the Commander
in
the undoubtedly correct conclusion that the
of
arrived
at
he
of
of
in
article” which made use all the geographical sources, available Arabic historical and the accounts modern travellers and explorers, and the existing maps,
substance
at
the
de
la
de
in
J
20
is
of
Arabia until the most recent times
[
the cartography
of
of
state
be
et
au
de
presented
of
his study the geographical section the “Congrès des sociétés savantes Strasbourg,” and published the full monograph under Hidjáz, Géographie” (Comité des the title, Une Mine d'or “Bulletin Section XXXV, historiques scientifiques), (Paris, 1921), pp. 69-125. travaux Vol. Year 1920 These coordinates, through no fault M. Casanova's, cannot trusted. The chaotic Casanova
22
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inventory, which later perhaps found
of of
may be that the present coin is one
of
It
as early as 1896.”
notorious.
U MAYYA
GOLD
D
that the Umayyad Caliph Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz (99-101 A.H.) bought a piece of land, on which there was at least one mine, from the son of a certain Bilāl b. al-Härith, to whom the property had been given
in fief by the Prophet; and Casanova has amply demon
strated that this mine was the source of the gold as well as the mint
of our coin. While this dinar was struck five years after the death of the Caliph whose personal property the mine was, it is not sur prising to find the name of the mint still in use. There
seems
to me little doubt that the Ma‘din
Bani Sulaim is
further to be identified with “Mahad Dahab” (~3 +), the site of the gold mine now being worked by the Saudi Arabian Mining
1941
Mr. Twitchell was kind
photograph
of an
my disposition
of
In
N.
23°29'52"
a
to
place
extremely
to
be
of
a
of
I
to
in
interesting Kufic inscription found the old tailings the mine, publish this inscription together with and hope soon able further discussion the probable identity “Mahad Dahab”
in
a
to
of
of
of
and the “Mine the Commander the Believers the Hijāz.” The inscription, dated 304 A.H. =916/7 A.D., records the building great highway for the pilgrimage Mecca.” Year
107
A.H. =725/6 A.D.
Khedivial Library, No. 41, except that the points under are lacking. ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 20mm., 4.19grm. A.
J3
of
instead
to
Similar
A.H. =728/9 A.D. BM No. 32" (p. 28),
U+2.
except that ten
IV
written 3_42,
size, weight, fabric and style this dinar
is
110
ix,
Year
In
68.
is
PLATE
atypi
its
Similar
to
67.
of
of
an
}
21
in
[
in
in
at
a
in
of
p.
S.
K.
*I *
Twitchell, Saudi Arabia, with Cf. Account the Development Natural Resources (Princeton, N.J., 1947), 146. presented the substance this inscription short paper entitled “Two Epigraphical Documents from Mahad Dhahab the Hidjāz,” before the American Oriental Society April, 1947. Washington, D.C. annual meeting its
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at 40° 52' 45°
enough
at
E.,
Syndicate Ltd., under the management of the American Smelting and Refining Company.” I owe to Mr. K. S. Twitchell the knowl edge of many interesting facts in connection with this mine, located
IS LA M I C CO I NS
RARE
It
cal. issue
is possibly a contemporary forgery but more probably the
of some temporary mint.” A.
ANs. 24mm., 4.08grm.
IV
PLATE
B. SILVER There are more than 230 Umayyad dirhams of the reformed type in the ANS. Of these the following are worthy of notice:
Arminiyah. Year 100 A.H. =718/9 A.D. Similar to BM i, No. 48, except that there is no point in the rev.
69.
ANs. 28mm., 2.87grm.
Pellet under
-
...
the earliest date
of
A.3 out
is &
of
i,
c
to
this mint
me. ANs
(ex Nies Coll.). 27mm., 2.46grm. (ringed) PLATE
Ifriqiyah. Year 102 A.H. =720/1 A.D. Similar BM No. 53’ (p. 30), but
V
AR.
to
of
~
known
BM
A.H. =716/7 A.D.
No. 54, but date and under 3-3. This
not omitted. ANs. 29mm, 2.82grm. PLATE
A.H. =734/5 A.D. BM No. 56, but i,
Two
116
specimens similar
to
Ifriqiyah. Year
72.
date: 2-3 2-4
e
V
AR.
us
to
ix,
71.
-- ~
PLATE
A.H. =741/2 A.D. 4.e3 &=
ANs. 27mm.,
2.87grm.
I
Tiesenhausen's reference under his No. 543, there this peculiar fabric and style.
22
J
[
of
of
access
110 described
is
Lacking
the dinar
to
PLATE
V
R.
No. 58, but date:
-
124
&
BM
i,
Similar
to
Ifriqiyah. Year
73.
V
AR.
(a) R.ANs. 28mm., 2.91grm. (b) GCM. 23mm, 2.25grm. (clipped)
*
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Similar
98
Ifriqiyah. Year
70.
"
PLATE
V
AR.
arC2.
cannot tell whether
al-Awsat. Year
A.H. =708/9 A.D.
No. 43, but mint and date: AR.
--
&:-
-3W suit:
ANs.
26.5mm, 2.75grm. (formerly ringed)
V
BM
i,
Similar
90
Bihqubadh to
74.
U MAYYAD SILVER
PLATE
Of
(al-‘Alā, “Upper,” al-Awsat, “Middle,”
the three Bihqubadh's
BM
98
No. 69,
G
Similar
A.H. =716/7 A.D. but date: 3-3 Ju.
-
of
al-‘Alā.
Al-Taymarrah. Year i,
75.
to
is
one”; and none
of
of
of
of
and al-Asfal, “Lower”), four specimens are known (all the year al-Asfal”; two specimens al-Awsat, 90) which the present
27mm., 2.72grm. PLATE
under
"...
"...
curiously written; of
which
33:1;
under
&-l.
ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 28mm., 2.72grm. PLATE
very
of
properly read,
is
the mint name
is
This unique coin,
if
V
AR.
[f]=::\:
&21
21
~
mint and date:
-
3-3
~
under
A.H. =712/3 A.D.
43, but
is
i,
No.
g of of
lia;
Year
BM
under
-
of
a
Points:
•
Similar
to
Al-Janzah(?).
on
to
of is
be
However,
I
and the
3.
the cast), and there
ap
believe
or
is
taken correct. Janzah” the early Kanja (Elizabetpol), Tāvgaxa, Ganjah, to
that the reading can Arabic orthography
the
be
stroke between
C
the reproduction
of
be a
pears
to
coin itself, but not
in
(it
by
is
of
curiously considerable interest. The writing the mint name bungled, probably uneven striking, with the result that the definite article has scarcely any relief clear the eye the
p.
in
T. p.
23
]
[
p.
S.
in
of
to
in
E.
II,
in
in
26
Rogers Collection (NC, 1874), one One the the Bibliothèque Nationale, one my own. Cf. Walker (Arab-Sassanians), cix, the Khedivial Collection, and one note 2. my attention: Ulla The other, also the year 9o, only recently came Linder NNA, 1941, Welin, “Ein grosser Fund Arabischer Münzen aus Stora Velinge, Gotland” p. 94. 132; and Le Strange, Lands, *Cf. Yāqüt, 178.
*
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76.
94
V
AR. ANS.
R A R E IS
LA M I C CO I NS
Arrān between Bardā and Tiflis, in what is
an important city of
now Karabagh. The existence of this mint-name on an issue of the reformed coinage is important collaborative evidence of the probable validity of Mordtmann's and Walker's attribution of an Arab-Sas dirham to KNjA (Kanja).” In Markov's inventory of the Ermitage Collection a dirham of “Djanze,” also of the year 94, is listed (p. 4, No. 106); it is probably identical with the present specimen, although I do not know what
sanian
to make
of the parenthetical description, “polovinka.” Is only half
of the coin preserved, or is it
Jundi Sābür. Year 90 A.H. =708/9 A.D. (ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 2.48grm. (frag. lacking)
ANs
J:
but mint and date:
J--> <-
W.
J:-"
Clark (New York). 25mm, 2.65grm.
exceedingly rare
961,
BM
A.H., and
has been
No. 25").
A.H. =699/700 A.D.
No. 43, but mint and date:
&:
-
Similar
i,
Dasht-Maysän. Year to
78.
(Markov,
80
recorded
p.
of
of
I
of
mint. know only issues the years 84, 85, and my knowledge only one other specimen the year
85
86
an
is
be
to
confused with Ardabil,”
AR.
G
3'-- ~~ ANs. 26mm.,
2.69grm.
p.
J
[
II,
cf.
24
ZDMG,
1879,
p.
I
Mordtmann, “Zur Pehlevi Münzkunde” op.cit., pp. cxx, cxxxv, and cxli. *"Yāqüt, pp. 548-9; Le Strange, Lands, 182.
Walker,
am aware, the only in
far
as
so
is,
unique, and
D.
A.
is
PLATE
This coin
to
43,
L.
85
No.
PLATE
Dabil, not
V
A.H. =704 A.D.
AR.
BM
i,
Similar
to
Dabil. Year
77a.
*
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PLATE
V
AR.
G-:
but date:
:
BM i, No.
Similar to
*-
74,
77.
half-dirham?
a
131,
V
appear No. 95;
MAYYAD SILVER
U
of this mint in the reformed coinage. Maysän and Dasht-Maysän (Dasht-i Maysän) were districts in Irāq.”
ance
Dimishq.
79.
Year
Similar to BM
A.H. =736 A.D.
118
i, No.
but unlike the
113,
BM
specimen, the weight
AR.
is up to standard.
A.H. =748/9 A.D.
131
No.
141.
(ex Newell Coll.). 24.5mm., 2.86grm.
ANs
p.
or
in
an
article entitled “Mesenisches”
NZ, IX,
but date: g---> ANs.
27mm, 2.75grm. (pierced)
but date: g---> ANs (ex
to
Ju:
Newell Coll.). 27.5mm., 2.91grm. PLATE
108
A.H. =726/7 A.D.
~
AR.
i,
to
Similar BM No. 148, but date: *3 Juclipped and the annulets are therefore off the flan. ANs
The coin
is
Al-Küfah. Year
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 23.5mm., 1.93grm. PLATE
V
83.
V
133,
g;
No.
<-
BM
me.
A.H. =710/11 A.D. AR.
Similar
to
Surraq. Year
92
the earliest issue of this mint known
i,
This
is
PLATE
V
132,
G
No.
<-
90
A.H. =708/9 A.D. AR.
BM
i,
Sarakhs. Year
Similar
82.
set
pp. 270-273.”
to
81.
in
by
1877,
Otto Blau
Cf. Le Strange, Lands, pp. 42,80; and Walker, BM (Arab-Sassanians), pp. cxvii-cxviii, cxl, where mention made the existence this dirham. Nassar, Quarterly, Dept. Antiquities Palestine, XIII, Nos. 3-4, **Cf. 121. in
J
25
p.
of
of
of
[
G.
N.
is
*
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forth
to
ii,
Characene, near the capital Spasinu-Charax,
later (BM 221) corrected cogent argument for identifying “Besamia”
Lane-Poole, and read al-Sāmiyah. The full and al-Sāmiyah with “Baesamsa”
of
This mint was originally read al-Shāmiyah
is
AR.
BM
i,
to
Similar
Year
by
Al-Sāmiyah.
80.
(ex Newell Coll.). 26.5mm, 2.89grm.
ANs
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R A R E
Al-Kufah. Year
84.
BM
but mint and date:
141,
** J.--> &- ~
**Qu
ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 24mm., 2.77grm. PLATE
be
of
is
no
no
ex
other
of
I
know from published notices,
of
ample
far
as
There
so
is,
V
AR.
Similar to
A.H. =744/5 A.D.
127
i, No.
of
of
without
a
me
the revolutionary be
In
to
view
no
supported
third and fourth
the
likelihood—
view
of
be
course cannot
ex
the
85
of
amples—that there were regular issues al-Kufah after 128 below), and that the published specimens attributed (see No. should read
4.23
p.
à
“Nouvelles Contributions
Numismatique
<
=
*sju
von Zambaur, NZ, Orientale,”
116, no. 401. AR.
1914,
3W
i,
but mint and date: piece was published
141,
in
&
*3
BM No. An identical
to
Similar
A.H. =745/6 A.D.
128
by
Al-Kufah. Year
85.
127.
E.
129
la
to
the year
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 2.90grm. PLATE
V
of
162,
but date:
g:
G
No.
A.H. =699/700 A.D.
80
Year
BM
of
of
Similar
to
Manādhir.
y.
r*-
i,
y
J
with 86.
p.
ix,
a
is
regular Umayyad issue. All other specimens This this 35), with the exception mint and date (e.g., BM No. 150", abu-Muslim, Zambaur's piece, are the revolutionary type
of
ANs. 26mm., 2.58grm.
26
to
this mint known
J
the earliest issue
[
This
of
PLATE
is
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which
the others.
the year 128, there would seem
of
of
strokes than between any issues
be
slightly more space between
of
to
appears
be
While the first stroke may
there
the first four strokes the digit. little higher than the others, there to of
between
a
any
the question,
as
not entirely out
of
clear separation
is
127,
a
rather than
of
a
a
Küfah issue this date. That this specimen may published specimens) the year 129 (of which there are number
me.
V
U
MAYYAD SILVER
Maysän. Year 79 A.H. =698/9 A.D. Similar to BM i, No. 43, but mint and date:
87.
- 3 -,
ANs. 26mm, 2.53grm. PLATE
V
AR.
3-3 c-
A.D.
170,
...
sa-
(ex Newell Coll.). 29mm., 2.89grm.
ANs
No.
but date:
G-3
:-
BM
A.H. =714/5 A.D.
170,
c.-
Year i,
Similar
to
Hamadhán.
96
PLATE
89.
The
g.
V
i,
but date: g---is usual, defectively written 3...a.
No.
-
709/10
=
91
A.H.
AR.
as
BM
is,
Similar mint name
to
Hamadhán. Year
88.
The an
nulets are clipped off the flan. 25mm., 2.31 grim.
classified
roughly
various
five categories:
in
reformed types. These may
be
The ANS collection contains over 300 Umayyad fulüs
of
C. CoPPER
with (a) the simplest religious legends, (b) less common religious inscriptions, (c) animals and birds and other adjuncts, (d) dates but mint names, and (e) mint names, with without
these types
with more
do or
pro
few
of
the first category.
not
less identical legends have been accurately
the present publication.
The student who all
a
task not appropriate
to
is
be
of
tell whether
a
impossible
to
is
given type has not. Certainly the classification these early anonymous coppers something that should undertaken, but this or it
reproduced that been published
the pieces
in
describe any
of
I
with governors' names. At present or
pose
to
dates, sometimes
So
no
those
is
J
27
[
to
a
to
study should have access undertakes such the larger col lections, and attempting determine the provenance should travel throughout the former Umayyad lands, gathering the evi
in
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AR. ANS.
IS LA M I C
RAR E
CO
I NS
for copper seldom travels far. Above all, he should make full use of the mass of excavation specimens, the vast majority of them unpublished but doubtless stored in the basements and closets of many museums in Europe and America. Of the remaining four categories I describe a few here which appear to me, without exhaustive search for similar published types,
dence
on the spot,
to be worthy of notice.”
No mint (?), or date.
y
Within square: Fish to
y
At At At
J1
1
J|
e-A-9 ?
Marginal legend
1.
-- rel="nofollow">
top:
J3-2
J)
bottom:
AE. ANS.
?)
Annulet (or inscription
I5mm., 3.19grm.
VI
No mint
. .
.
.
.
~~
Torrey Coll.). 15mm., 2.52grm.
r.
to
date.
Scroll
J1
[1]
Margin:
ANs (ex Newell,
y y or
92.
Within beaded circle: ex
marginal legend AE.
Traces
of
Within beaded circle: duck
All
date.
?
or
91.
AE.
all
ANs. 16mm.,
93.
No mint
or
PLATE
5.07grm.
VI
date.
Within beaded circle: -->ea
y
J1
y!
to l.
Lion crouching Around: 2-3 J1
J3-2
J)
Margin within beaded circle: AE,
OOOOOO
ANS. 15mm.,
of
To my knowledge only three the Umayyad years 101, 116 and 120 A.H. (NHR, Nos. 28
}
[
Al-Rayy,
coppers
in
PLATE 33
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PLATE
No mint (?),
at r.
Within square:
l.:
90.
the
ANS
26, 30, and 31B).
2.63grm.
VI
have been published:
U MAYYAD COPPER
No mint. Year
94.
107
A.H. =725/6 A.D.
Double struck and obscure.
-
J-M1 lia. .
AE.
All
Within beaded circle:
(?)
o
AE.
No mint. Year Within circle: y
Within circle: !
J)
all
:
*
3 AE.
Adharbayjän.
r.
Within beaded circle:
y y!
J)
9
J3
the mint name are obscure, but
AE.
little doubt about the reading. ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
18mm., 1.92grm. PLATE
29
J
[
be
J
The two letters before the
of
J
J1
-->
&\2:23
•
J.
No date.
All
believe there can
.
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 21mm., 4.59grm.
ANs
beaded circle:
A-
.
:
*-
-
*
-->
~
Margin: (sic) -->
. .
.
is
|
--!
--all
Margin: (sic)
Within
.
A.H. =734/5 A.D.
y
.
.
.
&_*
.
(ex Newell Coll.). 19mm., 5.92grm.
J|
y!
116
ANs
•-3 J)
I
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al
y
*...
96.
97.
<
e o o
[ell,
3:23
J%3 -
. .
AU1
© O ©
. . . .
J
[-]3
Y
beaded circle:
[1] O
A.H. =727/8 A.D.
y
Within
109
.
No mint. Year
ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 16mm., 3.38grm. PLATE VI
•
95.
--> J3-2
. .
.
&-
«»3
.
Margin:
Within beaded circle:
.
Area illegible
VI
R AR E 98.
Mint
No
2
IS LA M I C CO I NS
date.
Within beaded circle:
all
•A-e-Pea
y! y
all
Within triple beaded circle:
J3-2 All
e-A-5
Coll.).
24mm., 3.60grm. PLATE VI
J.J.'s", assuming the
D
might
be
puzzling.
ANs (ex Newell
It
The mint name
is
AE.
Margin
is
be
of
be
to
defectively written. But the omission the definite article irregular, and the fabric would not Andalusian. Ba'alabak. No date. Within beaded circle:
In
center, star
within circle
Margin: (sic) ell." (*).,
y y
J1 J1
(sic)
"--
AE.
•-A-9
Dimishq.
No
ANs (ex Newell
*A*-*
Yl y
all
Within partly beaded circle:
J3-2 all
at
A-3
Outside circle,
Outside circle,
top:
3*-* -->
3+*-* AE.
ANs (ex Newell
top:
*-*
Coll.).
23mm., 2.92grm. PLATE VI
SR (?). No date. Within beaded circle:
y
All!
Margin:
ANs (ex Newell
30
J
[
R.
J-
J-M1
lia •-->
Coll.).
.
•-A-9
. .
all
J3-2
o
all
*A*-*
y!
Within triple beaded circle:
.
101.
15mm., 2.66grm. PLATE VI
date.
Within circle: All
Coll.).
at
100.
•
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99.
22mm., 3.42grm. PLATE VI
U MAYYAD COPPER
There is
the end and the beginning of the mar perhaps omitted: Surraq, a known mint at which
a space between
ginal legend. Is Q Umayyad dirhams were struck?
Surr, nor Sirr, seems
Neither
likely.”
(?). Year 110(?) A.H. =728/9 (?) A.D. J1 y Lion crouching to l.
Tabariyah
102.
At bottom,
All y! •
downwards:
A-3
-
Margin: Margin: 53
3-[3]ll
*3
. . . AE.
U
J3-2
AUl
U+*
Coll.).
ANs (ex Wood
(3)
-A-Pve
&_cla.
. .
.
17mm., 4.47grm. PLATE VI
Jel: “the Commander
of
#1
u
&
ordered honesty.”
the Believers
Atrib; Misr. No date [132 A.H. =750 A.D.]. center, within beaded circle: center, within beaded circle: Margin:
J-31
401
-e
33-,
AE.
-
->l 33-,
&
Margin:
*_
dull -->
ANs.
[s-.] ge
18.5mm., 4.89grm.
almost
all
of
only one other specimen
VI
this humble but
respects, other than the critical reverse
identical with several known copper issues
of
it
area,
fals.”
is
markable
of
am aware
In
I
PLATE
re
_*
]
In
In
103.
the last
76.
by
*
Yāqüt, III,
p.
b.
at
b.
of
Umayyad Finance Director Egypt, Adb al-Malik Marwān Müsā, struck Fustät, Fayyüm and, perhaps, Iskandariyah.” These
of
is
of
Paris Nos. 1494-5, Berlin Nos. 2028a,b (p. 376), Ties., No. 655, Khedivial Nos. 843-4; Paris No. 1496; Khedivial Library, No. 845. Cf. my AGW, pp. 95-6.
J
31
[
i,
i,
i,
*
See
Library,
be
it
of
to
its
drawing
the latter work. Due legend and consequently
of
this imperfectly preserved specimen appears the title-page poor preservation Blau had difficulty with the reverse marginal ventured certain ingenious but certainly erroneous philological observations. His identification the reverse area inscription, however, identical with mine. may think assumed that the Odessa specimen and the present one are the same issue.
A
1876, No. 35.
on
zu
in
in
In
NZ, VI-VII (1874-1875), under the Odessa Museum, first published Otto Blau the title “Nachlese orientalischer Münzen,” pp. 9-10, and subsequently Die orientalischen Odessa, Münzen des Museums der Kaiserlichen Historisch-Archäologischen Gesellschaft 84a
I
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part:
in
must have read
\s,
Both the mint and the date are very doubtful. The obverse margin
is
B
lieve
ATRIB
intended and that the reading
in
the
I
of
the present piece looks more like
the specific
word
the
J,
on
Although the final letter
the reverse.
reverse area
the obverse, and the name
is
mint
of
on
all
Misr (Egypt)
bear
of
IS LA M I C CO I NS
RARE
be
H, KH,
almost certainly
Atrib, sometimes more correctly rendered Athrib,
is
COrreCt.
the Arabic
in
of
over-simplification: we cannot fail Egyptian Hat-te-her-ábe (or Ha-to-heri-ab),
to
of
say the
to
reckon with ancient and Assyrian Hatha
riba.”
of
leaden tokens
the third century, inscribed
A6GIBIC.".
more than passing interest and perhaps suggestive
of It
Trajan and Hadrian for the nome A8PIBITHC,” of
of
think,
I
and
of
a
pre-Arab numismatic history: we know, for example,
bronze issues
is,
of
Atrib had
III,
is
pp. 111-12, and
Egypt,
2070.
Atrib (Athrib) figures frequently
the history
of
ii,
is
in
of
p.
Athribis,
Yāqüt,
I,
cf.
name,
in
in
his day given
Arab mints
the earliest specific
pp. 762-3, where Atrib de the district (kürah) which the chief town was ‘Ayn Shams (Heliopolis), ruins, nothing remaining but “ancient monuments.” The pre-Arab literature Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encyclopädie der Classischen Altertum swissenschaft, s.v.
For the Arabic
scribed
appear
in
(?)
in as
86
Alexandria
as
to
Byzantinist and Arabist alike, that Atrib further profitable study and Fayyum (Arsinoe), which along with Fustät (old Cairo) and
the Persian and Arab
of
J.
cf.
Egypt;
de
de
ii,
Numorum,
864, and
G.
Cf. Head, Historia
Dattari,
Numi Augg.
Alexandrini
32
|
Leaden Tokens"
in
Milne, “Egyptian
[
Dattari, op. cit., No. 6415, and pp. 307-9.
G.
1901), Nos. 6213-6216.
J.
(Cairo,
p.
in
* **
of
in
Butler, The Arab Conquest Egypt and the Last Thirty Alfred Years the Roman Dominion (Oxford, 1902), passim. pp. 394-6; also Yāqüt, loc. cit. Cf. Mas'udi, Murilj, l'Égypte” Rougé, “Monnaies des Nomes Cf. Pauly-Wissowa, loc. cit., and Jacques RN, n.s. Vol. XV, pp. 49-50.
campaigns
*
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least,
Egypt was
is,
of
of
of
an
Nüh (Noah); Atrib's brothers, among whom the rest divided, were Qubt (Copt), Ashmün and Sä.” This
of an
to
their best etymological tradition, ascribed the name Misr, son Häm, son eponymous Atrib, son Baysar, son
in
Arabs,
in
of
in
an
of
'A6puSís, capital form the vouðs'A6puffirms, Lower Egypt, important town early Arab, Byzantine and ancient times, situated north Cairo near modern Benha, the delta.” The
NC,
1930,
UMAYYAD COPPER were two of four towns (Memphis and Oxyrhynchus others) whose names occur on the leaden tokens.”
being the
Al-Mawsil. No date.
104.
Within partly beaded circle: All
Within beaded circle:
J1
J3-2 all
*A*-*
--
--all
.
Margin, within partly beaded
Ji yi Ji y Ji chu:
•l
ning
specimens, from different dies,
lie "La
Ju-all L J-31u
marginal legends begin
on
Two
J-M1
-->
y
the
circle:
Margin, within beaded circle:
of
AE,
GCM (Damascus,
specimen
105. Wäsit. Year 108
1935). 22, 19.5mm., 3.84, 5.22grm.
y |
J1
J3-D
&_*
AE.
J1
.
**
Jus:
£
this year
any
of
published Wäsit fals
in
ANs (ex Nies Coll.). 21mm., 2.47grm.
of
no
.
Margin, within circle: *-13: J-M1 --> .
@)
–
AUl @)
@)
Soret.”
Within circle:
All
is
There
104a)
A.H. =726/7 A.D.
2-3
Annulets:
VI (No.
this coin was published
-->ea
~
Y
yl
Within double circle:
of
An imperfect
is
is
to
reproduction.
satisfactory
PLATE
the large
collections.
Finally
à . . .
307. Fraehn,” Mém.
Soc. Imp. d'archéologie,
33
]
28
op. cit.,
“Lettre Ties., No. 2635.
[
**
*
Cf. Milne,
of
do
p.
to
be
I
I
include six obscure cast coins, probably Umayyad but possibly early ‘Abbāsid, and probably from northern Syria. not attempt identify them further, but the reproductions may
=
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the other, but unfortunately the latter
by
quite clear permit too smooth
it
trated;
on
is
on
at
quite different points each specimen. The governor's name, al-Dahhāk, imperfectly preserved the specimen illus
St. Petersburg,
1851,
No.
RARE
IS LA M I C
C O
I NS
use to someone who,
it is to be hoped, will one day attempt the classification of these crude cast coins. A large number of cast coins of similar fabric and style was found in the Princeton excavations at Antioch: some of these are described in my report on the Islamic coins of Antioch." 106.
Obscure inscriptions.
Cross surrounded by four large pellets.
Two
of different dies.
specimens,
AE
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
17mm, 2.25, 2.05grm.
18,
PLATE
VI (No.
106a)
107.
all
y
*A*->ea
All
J3-2 AE.
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 17mm., 1.79grm. PLATE
VI
108.
(?)-1-yl
AE.
Obscure three-line inscription
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.). 16mm, PLATE
I09.
cs" gle
(*)-3-
(*)cial AE.
J-y ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
2.17grm.
VI
16mm., 1.87grm. PLATE VI
II.O.
Within circle:
>y
yi y
(sic) Annulets, within outer circle:
CSU->
Annulets, within outer circle: AE.
o
© O ©
O©
O
all
Within circle:
©
ANs. 21mm., 2.18grm.
PLATE
IV,
Part One (Princeton,
34
|
Antioch-on-the-Orontes,
[
**
In
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All
VI
1948), Nos. 148-153, pp. 118-19.
III. THE ABBASID COINAGE In the description of ‘Abbāsid
following space-saving
coins the
conventions have been observed. Unless otherwise noted the obverse
J1 y
area is understood to read: y!
•-3 J1
and the reverse area:
J
y
&L
...--
J3-2
J)
Supplementary words or symbols in the obverse and reverse areas horizontal line, indicating their posi tion relative to the conventional inscription. In the gold described are given above and beneath
the silver
noted 23
3-0
in &
4:
--
3:4) Gle
is
--
3/3
In
g
J-5
4. the
each occurrence.
IX,
both the gold and the silver the Qur'anic verse
33%"
L-yl
the outer obverse margin;
on
these verses
-3.3 × 3.3
3-4,
in
are present
in
of
4)
presence
s-Ju
33, a.s...]
4-21 [4])
J3-2
understood. Reverse central pellets are not noted; determine when these are simply centering points ornament, the distinction perhaps
on
in
and when they are the nature depending the size.
of
difficul,
to is
the silver)
is
it in
in
or
of
of
is
or
always present more less complete, the reverse margin. The first part the mint-date formula preceding the name the mint margin gold, margin (obverse inner the obverse inner margin
A. GoLD" tofore described,
of
111-137. Twenty-five
“mintless” dinars, differing from those here
the years 138, 142, 147, 149, 153, 160 167, 168, 170,
171, 177, 178, 184, 187, 196, 199, 201, 202, 203
At
and 205, and two dinars of
in
of
writing there are 120 ‘Abbāsid dinars the date the Museum the American Society; the University Museum Collection contains 206. Of these the specimens notice; the rest are well-known, relatively described the following pages are worthy 43
of
35
|
issues.
[
well-known,
or
Numismatic
in
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--~ 3:30 C-4
XXX,
is
the Qur’ānic verses
here
a
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R A R E
of Misr, dated 203 and 216 A.H., published in Some Early Arab Dinars." Of these seventeen are in the UM Collection and ten in the ANS. 138.
-U
Misr. Year 222 A.H. =836/7 A.D. J:V-3 &L-23 &:)
-TET all
A. UM. 20.5mm., 4.05grm. (pierced)
-
4.e3 &21
"...a
As above.
specimen
in
is a
There
of
A'.
3:V3 &
A.H. =838/9 A.D.
this issue
ANs. 18.5mm., 3.34grm.
the Ermitage
(Markov,
p.
San'a. Year 224
139.
44,
in
of
Surra man-ra'a, Year 226
J.-->
--
~
A.H. =840/1 A.D.
sl-
J
J:
W.
140.
--
As above. A. UM. 2Imm., 4.13grm.
is,
To my knowledge this
by
PLATE
VII
five years, the earliest recorded dinar
&:V-9 3-4-3 &-
~
Madinat al-Salām. Year
141.
227
f>0~
:
in
of
Samarra, and only two years later than the earliest dirham.” Samarra became the temporary ‘Abbāsid capital 221 A.H."
A.H. =841/2 A.D.
—"— Gl, 9,
ANs. 21mm.,
III
Av.
Allu
4.08grm.
*
(1948), Nos. 14, 21, 23, 32, The American Numismatic Society. Museum Notes 43, 57, 60, 61, 68, 69, 83, 84, 85, 96, 104, 121, 126, 131, 136, 138, 141, 143, 144, 147, 148 and 160.
Dinar, 231, A.H., Berlin, No. 1449; dirham, 224 A.H., Ties., No. 1860.
36
|
s.v. Sámarrà.
[
of I.,
45a
E.
*
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of
No. 781, not described). Only two earlier gold coins San‘ā are known, the years 221 and 223, both the Bibliothèque Nationale.
‘ABB As ID GoLD
There is a dinar of the same mint and year in the Ermitage (Markov, p. 44, No. 788= Ties, No. 2855, not described). 142.
&:V: J.L*3
143.
&V.
Year 229
San'a.
&:V3 &
144.
-
&
A.H. =842/3 A.D.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 228
4.e3
(3-)
A. UM.22mm., 4.04grm. (pierced)
--
A.H. =843/4 A.D.
&-
-
Madinat al-Salām. Year
&:V3 & #3
As above.
(5-
As above.
231
f>J)
*
A.
ANs. 20.5mm., 3.48grm.
A.H. =845/6 A.D. As above.
145.
Al-Muhammadiyah.
Year 245
in NHR, No.
130 A'.
Described
A.H. =859/60 A.D.
B.
ANs (ex Starosselsky
Coll.).
19mm., 4.25grm.
Misr. Year 247 A.H. =861/2 A.D. 4-13
--
-
&:V3
&
146.
&-
all
All Gle J33:ll
known: Constantinople
Surra man-ra'a. Date illegible=Dec.
--
597.
861-June 862 A.D.
ab-
is
T.J.
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 19mm., 3.26grm. 37
|
PLATE
[
ANs
T
All
breviated and illegible, but the mint almost certain. A.
No.
...
sl-
The mint-date formula
is
*-
J
147.
is
One similar specimen
UM. 18mm., 4.1ogrim.
II,
5-all
A.
4JW
•
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A. UM. 22mm., 4.05grm.
VII
of
I
in
is
It
the British Museum."
A.H. =863/4 A.D.
249
*-
Marw. Year
&:V:
3-4-13 C-:
:--
All
J.'"
W.
All
&
J-31) ---
J-- ~
UM. 22mm., 4.11grm. (pierced) PLATE VII
3
-:
Marw. Year 250 A.H. =864/5 A.D.
&:V:
As above.
Misr. Year &:V-3
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 22mm., 4.20grm.
U
2-3
5th line:
ANs
A.H. =869 A.D. J--> <-
255
4th line effaced.
3:31)
--
—"— 4th line effaced.
SJ
5th line:
3:31) ---
A. UM. 23.5mm., 4.22grm.
was undoubtedly issued
VII
by
most interesting coin.
It
a
This
is
PLATE
the
of of
on
38
p.
of
the Caliphate,” NC, 1919, |
Allan, “Unpublished Coins
[
J.
al-Mu'tazz,
that the traces are not still visible—
completely of
removing—but not
the preceding Caliph
the year 255
of
cut, used old dies
so
ture
gouging out the lines the dies. There can being informed doubt that the mint-master, the investi al-Muhtadi and before new dies bearing his name had been
of
be
no
actually obliterated
on
by
on
of
on
at
in
Caliph al-Muhtadi the early months, probably the very begin ning, his brief reign. The names the fourth lines the obverse and reverse areas are not simply effaced the coin, they were
46
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A.
As above.
150.
J.-ll
31)
A.
‘,->
149.
INS
know, only one other published dinar the Caliph al-Muntasir, also struck Samarra and with far
the date 248 preserved. 148.
CO
at
ephemeral
IS LA M I C
R E
as
There
so
is,
RA
196.
‘ABB As ID GoLD the names of the latter's son ‘Abdullāh, the heir apparent, on the obverse, and of al-Mu'tazz himself on the reverse. The effaced in scriptions are preserved on dinars of al-Mu'tazz 254 and in 255.” 151. San'a. Year 257
&:V3
&-3
--
issued at
Misr in
A.H. =870/1 A.D.
&-
—"— All gle x-all
J-31) AW. ANS.
--
20mm., 2.91grm.
-
(NC,
Misr. Year 257 A.H. =870/1 A.D.
&:V. (sic)
J-3 &-
--~~ All
Jia-
A.
All Gle
-
all
152.
UM. 21.5mm., 4.18grm.
Misr. Year 257 A.H. =870/1 A.D. As above, but As above, but date correctly
J
153.
beneath.
written. Av. ANS.
22.5mm., 4.13grm. PLATE VII
of
a
of
5,
p.
de
et
of
or
p.
of
**
Berlin, No. 1512; Harvey Porter, “Unpublished Coins the Caliphate,” NC, 1921, 322, lacking the ornament letter beneath the obverse area. Since the above was written, Misr, 225 A.H., with inscrip M. Marcel Jungfleisch has made mention similar dinar tions effaced on the dies (“Un poids une estampille sur verre datant d'Ahmed ibn Touloun,” Bulletin l'Institut d'Égypte, XXX (1948), footnote (2), the reprint). There and of
correspondence with me, M. Jungfleisch has suggested that the explanation the may not simple the one have advanced. Deleting the lines on the old engraving entirely new ones. The true ex dies would have been almost much trouble planation may political complexities which cannot discussed here. be
as
I
as
39
|
[
in
lie
as
mutilation
as
recent
be
in
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There appears to be only one other specimen of this issue 1919, p. 196, not described).
-
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R A RE
-U
Misr. Year 258 A.H. =871/2 A.D.
154-155.
3-3
&:V-9
&V.
—"—
Jia-
All Gle ---all (or) &l_*
JJ" 2 specimens:
A. UM. 21mm., 4.12, 4.14grm. PLATE
VII (No.
155)
This issue is known," but I publish this specimen here in order of the reading of the enigmatic word beneath the Caliph's name on the reverse. Rogers was unable, as might be, but who I am, to read Lavoix read “Najrān,” which was could not the place name)? Lane-Poole read “Bahrayn”
it
be
(it
a
-
In
the same year struck
at a
negate this reading.
by
Tülünid, and dinars
is
this issue
of to
specimens, would seem definitely
sense
Misr
a
in
be
surprising
if
can make
no
Egypt.
I
b.
the name
of
would not some Turkish official, but
It
facto ruler of
de of
in
so
question have been without the word classified number writers,” for Ahmad already Tülün had 254 become the
gestion.
we had here specific sug
e-
J-2
-
Al-Ahwaz. Year 259 A.H. =872/3 A.D. 313-yu &:V's
156.
All
As above.
All gle x-all
A. UM. 20.5mm., 4.23grm.
*E.
on
is
[40
p.
the Tülüni Dynasty (London, 1877), |
Rogers, The Coins
of
is
it
T.
I
E.
E.g.,
in by
17.
of
22
p.
of
to
T.
on
Rogers, “Notice the Dinars the Abbaside Dynasty,” JRAS, 1875, reprint; Paris, No. 1020, where Lavoix refers Rogers but says the specimen described that the word beneath the reverse different from that the specimen the Bibliothèque Nationale. believe the same. Khedivial Library, No. 619.
**
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The clear presence
with mint effaced, bearing similar legend." the mint name Misr, the present and Paris on
261 A.H.,
of
dinar
of
a
on
he
it.
to raise again the question
“ABBA's ID
J-3 &-
-
*
-
\a-a: AU
*A*-*
4) J3-2 all gle x-all
J-31)
Margin ends with als. A. UM. 20mm, 2.90grm. (pierced) PLATE
•ll
282
—"— •ll gle x-all
G1 C-34)
Qumm. Year
3:2 5:l
ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 22.5mm., 3.32grm.
A.H. =895/6 A.D. c.
3:V's
U
-
159.
sl., &
A'.
-
+ ·-
—"—
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 19.5mm., 4.16grm. (pierced)
apparently the earliest known
dinar
‘Abbāsid mint. The earliest heretofore known
&:V:
3:3
one
rare
the Ermitage
No. 885").
A.H.
=
Harrán. Year 284
916,
Qumm,
897
A.D.
-
160.
284
p.
dated
(Markov,
...a...all
of
ANs
is
This
is
A.
Allu
a
J-3
&:V's
VII
A.H. =876/7 A.D.
Surra man-ra'a, Year 263
158.
-->
in
&:V's
&2)
&L=
As above.
am aware, the earliest known ‘Abbāsid coin
[41
}
Harrān.
of
I
far
as
This
so
A. UM. 23.5mm., 3.97grm. PLATE VII
is,
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A.H. =872/3 A.D.
San'a. Year 259
157.
Gold
Outer margin ends with
2.
A.H. = 897 A.D. As above. ANs. 22mm., 3.88grm.
A.
-
&
A.H. = 900/1 A.D.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 288
162.
3-53
&:V-9
&V.
(3-) A'.
Outer margin ends with 2.
Filastin. Year
J-3
A.H.
24mm., 4.14grm.
A.D.
=904
&-> <- gla-lä
J
3-1 G3
W
<
&:W.
291
Coll.).
ANs (ex Nies
4.
163.
As above.
sil
G
-
Madinat al-Salām. Year 284 &:V-9 3-#3 &= f>0~
161.
:
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R A R E
this interesting issue known.” The the Tülünid ruler's name proclaims the reconquest
by
Hârün
is
of
of
Filastin (al-Ramlah)
the ‘Abbāsid forces.
A
absence
by
of
One other specimen
Tülünid dinar struck
in
by
it
in
b.
at
in
Khumarawaih Filastin earlier the same year has been published.” The present coin must have been struck sometime Rajab, 291 (May/June, 904) after May the year 904, for was
was during the course
E.
by
I,
b.
Egypt had been retaken cf.
By Rabi
Khumârawaih.”
49, No. 904, not described. 324; Zambaur, 1921,
292
of
(Jan.,
the ‘Abbāsids.” NZ (Wien),
Khalifenmünzen,”
“Neue
[42
the Tülüni Dynasty,
R.
Gibb, s.v.
p.
A.
310; also
H.
p.
of
cf.
Ibn-Khaldūn, IV,
Rogers, The Coins
J
T.
and
E.
I.,
the
pp. 2248, 2251-2; of
III,
in
9. Tabari Tülünids,
E.
I922,
Hârün
p.
p.
Porter, NC,
(Nov., 904), when
p.
**
*
Markov,
b.
combat
905), Fustät
292
the year 291
Sulayman started from Syria “toward the border
in
to
Egypt
of
(after Rajab) and before the first month Muhammad
all events the coin
of
the fact that
establishes
determine, but
at
have not been able
it
I
tured
to
to
b.
Sulaymān was sent that the general Muhammad the Caliph recover Syria for the ‘Abbāsids. Just when al-Ramlah was cap
*
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A. UM. 23mm., 3.44grm. PLATE VII
13.
‘ABB As ID
Wali al-Dawlah
Gold
the obverse area) was the title
(beneath
of the
Vizier abü’l-Husayn al-Qāsim b. 'Ubaydullāh.” 164.
165.
Nisibin. Year 292 A.H. =904/5 A.D. &:V's &:) 3:44
J-3
--
As above.
Isbahān. Year 293 &:V-3 -1
J-3
A. UM. 23mm., 4.3ogrm.
-
A.H. =905/6 A.D. &W-V
As above. A.
166.
Isbahān. Year 293
Nies Coll.). 22mm., 4.17grm.
A.H. =905/6 A.D.
55, but
beneath obverse area.
•
A'.
Similar to No.
ANs (ex.
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 22mm., 4.24grm.
VII
These two dinars Isbahān are exceptionally rare. To my knowl edge only one other ‘Abbāsid dinar the famous Persian city has 978, No. 934(a). been published: 300 A.H., Markov,
gla-l.
-
J-3
A.H. =905/6 A.D.
-"
&:V3
p. of
of
-
Filastin. Year 293
One specimen
of
167.
As above. A. UM. 23mm., 3.77grm.
this issue has been published but not fully
de
scribed.”
293
A.H. =905/6 A.D.
J-3 A.
As above. ANs.
(ex Newell Coll.).
22.5
mm.4.13grm.
]
p.
Zambaur, NZ, 1922,
[43
VII
the title, see Fraehn, apud Ties., No. 2175, 9.
discussion
of
PLATE
cf.
p.
For this identification and and the sources quoted there. Porter, NC, 1921, 324;
*-
a
J-3 *
Al-Mawsil Year &:V-3
*
168.
**
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PLATE
IS LA M I
R A R E
CO
C
INS
i,
II,
Mosul is also a very rare ‘Abbāsid dinar mint. I am aware of only two other issues: 263 A.H. (Constantinople No. 938) and 278 A.H. (BM, No. 366).
- *|Ju
Al-Rafiqah. Year 294 A.H. =906/7 A.D.
&:
V-3
169.
J-3
&-l
As above. A. UM. 24mm., 3.I.4grm.
©
5:la-li
2
3-2
&:V:
—#—
173.
of
Dimishq. Year 295 A.H. =907/8 &:V-9 J--> <- 54-4
3-3
G-3
A.D.
A.
As above.
295
D-->
ANs
(ex Nies Coll.). 21.5mm., 4.1ogrm.
A.H. =907/8 A.D. (sic)
*JV
As above.
A.
Al-Rafiqah. Year
&:V3
VII
197).
<-
172.
PLATE
UM. 25.5mm., 2.98grm.
Al-Karaj. Year 295 A.H. =907/8 A.D.
J-3 J-->
C_2\, As above.
[44]
an
Al-Karaj (usually read al-Karkh)
is
A.
&:V.
<-
171.
1919,
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm., 3.66grm. (pierced)
ANs
this issue has been published but not described
p.
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(Allan, NC,
As above.
©
A.
-
One specimen
A.H. =906/7 A.D.
-
Filastin. Year 294 &
170.
UM. 23mm., 4.oogrm. PLATE
VII
exceptionally rare mint,
‘ABB As ID GoLD and this dinar is by thirteen years the earliest known.” Lavoix, Markov, Codrington and Allan read the name as al-Karkh, and in this form it appears in Codrington's Manual, identified as “part of Baghdad.”
I
cannot believe that this is an acceptable identification: Karkh was a suburb of Baghdad and the presence of a mint there, so close to the capital, would be very unlikely.” I submit, without proof to be sure, that the mint is Karaj, that is the Karaj “of
abi
Dulaf” between Hamadhān and Isbahān.” The few Arabic lead seals that have been published establish the fact that Karaj, the capital of the petty dynasty of the Dulafids, was an administrative and fiscal center during the second half of the third century of the
Hijrah.” We
Dulafid coins of Karaj to sup
have, unfortunately, no
mint at the seat of their principality is to be expected. Ten years before the present issue the ‘Abbāsid govern ment reassumed control over the territory administered for more the presence of
a
than half a century by the Dulafids, and if my supposition be cor rect, we have in this coin evidence of the continuation of Karaj as an administrative center after it had been “put on the map,” so to speak, by the Dulafids. By the time of the author of the Hudüd al-'Alam (372 A.H. =982 A.D.), the Karaj of abi-Dulaf was mostly
in ruins."
* 308
(Paris, No. 1130; Markov, p. 52, No. 965); 315 A.H. (Paris, No. 1131); (O. Codrington, “Some Rare Oriental Coins,” NC, 1902, p. 272); 321 A.H. (Markov, p. 54, No. 1025); date effaced (al-Qāhir), 320-322 A.H. (Allan, NC, 1919, p. 197). "Yāqüt, IV, p. 254; cf. Le Strange, Lands, p. 31. Zambaur (NZ, 1922, pp. 10-11) also
318
A.H.
C.
be
to
is
cf. a
p.
2
al-Muhammadiyah
have
been
expressed
in
issues
of
R.
R.
46. My doubts about the Dulafid
Minorsky
(E.
W. Gibb Memorial
[45]
Series,
N.S.
XI
Hudud al-'Alam, transl. p. 132.
J.
128.
V.
NHR,
p.
p.
60
*
of
V,
in
*
Yāqüt,
of
Basrah, Sāmarrà, Maysän, etc. dozen Karkhs, including those distinguished Le Strange, op. cit., pp. 197-8. This Karaj Miles, from that the Rüdhrāwar district, between Hamadhān and Nihâwand: see G. pt. (1938), “The Coinage the Käkwayhid Dynasty,” Iraq, 104. Khalil Edhem, Qūrshiin mühtir qatálogi (Constantinople, 1321), pp. 20ff. Vasmer, Dva klada kuficheskikh monet (Leningrad, 1927), Cf. Markov, and p.
Yāqüt lists half IV, 251;
is
to
of
a
as
Baghdad:
of is,
A.H.
accepts the reading al-Karkh and the identification as a “Quartier der Hauptstadt.” There fact, no reason matter assume that Karkh, reading the name so, the Karkh
61
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port the argument, but it would certainly not be surprising if one should turn up, for the Dulafid generals did issue coins at Isbahān, Fārs, Māh al-Küfah, Hamadhān, and (?) Muhammadiyah," and
(1937),
IS LA M I C
R A R E
J-3
&:V's
-
&-
INS
A.H. =909/10 A.D.
Dimishq. Year 297
174.
CO
3-4
—#– JW 5-all
A. UM. 25mm., 4.12grm. PLATE 175.
- *|Ju
VII
Al-Rafiqah. Year 297 A.H. =909/10 A.D.
J-3
&:V-3
&-
As above. A. UM. 25mm., 3.52grm. (pierced)
176.
Dimishq.
J-3
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&:V3
-
A.H. =910/1 A.D.
Year 298 &V*
-
3+-->
As above.
& cruell 3:
J-31) ---
177.
(sic)
178.
-
-
San'a. Year 299
c.
A. UM. 24mm., 3.67grm. (pierced)
A.H. =911/2 A.D. was
As above. Margin ends with als’. A.
-
20mm, 2.82grm.
ANs.
Misr. Year 299 A.H. =911/2 A.D. &:V's
J-3
& crual
J-31
&-
--~~
—"— Ju --all
3:)
©
-->
Very lightly struck. A. UM. 25.5mm., 4.18grm.
There is
a specimen
Museum (Allan,
NC,
of the same mint and date in the British 1919, p. 197,
[46
not described). |
“ABB As ID 179.
Al-Rafiqah. Year *W** 5-> <-
J-31)
Gold
A.H. =913/4 A.D.
301
*|Ju
J
--> A. UM. 27.5mm., 4.23grm. (part of edge broken or clipped) PLATE VII
Although there are dirhams of later date this appears to be the last known dinar of al-Rafiqah. 180.
-
Misr. Year 303 A.H. =915/6 A.D.
*W**
-I
U-a
As above.
As above. A. UM. 25mm., 4.04grm.
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181.
Dimishq. Year 306
*W**
--
~
A.H. =918/9 A.D.
34.2%
As above.
As above. A. UM. 24mm., 3.78grm. (pierced)
182.
Madinat al-Salām. Year
307
A.H. =919/20 A.D.
-
—"—
As above.
4JV
--all
SJ
A. ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 24mm., 3.88grm. PLATE
VII
The two published specimens of this issue have not been fully de scribed (Markov, p. 51, No. 956; Allan, NC, 1919, p. 197). 183.
-
Süq al-Ahwaz.
Year 308
*W*3
313-yl
&V.
A.H. =920/1 A.D.
33
All
As above.
JW 5-all
A. ANs (ex Nies Coll.). 25.5mm., 6.37grm. PLATE
[47
|
VII
I
This
IS LA M
CO I NS
IC
known dinar
believe, the earliest
Süq al-Ahwaz.
The
exceptional.
Tustar min-al-Ahwaz.
Year 309
-
-
*W**
313-yl
L-:
&
184.
is
weight
.
of
is,
RAR E
A.
As above.
ANs
A.H. =921/2 A.D. As above.
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 3.77grm. is
Allan, NC,
p.
No.
1919,
Süq al-Ahwaz. Year 309
-
*W**
197).
A.H. =921/2 A.D.
33
-
185.
specimens
9;
1885,
of
fully de this issue are known, but neither scribed (Lane-Poole, “Fasti Arabici: Mr. Calvert's Collection,” NC,
Two
313-yl
As above.
As above.
186.
Al-Ahwaz. Year
*W*:
-
A.H. =924/5 A.D.
312
3–4° G-:)
313-y\|
As above. A.
As above.
Coll.).
24mm., 4.42grm.
of
to
have been
an
this appears
error, probably for Süq al-Ahwaz.
U
Misr. Year 313 A.H. =925/6 A.D.
*
*W**
44'
4-
—#–
—"— 4JW
A.
•
:
e
3–4°
•.
187.
ANs (ex Newell
Tiesenhausen (No. 2305), Fraehn listed, but did not dinar this mint and date “in the British Museum,” but to
describe,
a
According
2-call
UM. 25mm., 4.02grm.
[48
}
other dies
of
of
this issue, with different arrangements the pellets, have been published.
Specimens
of
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A. UM. 25mm., 4.199 rm.
-
‘ABB As ID GoLD
A.H. =925/6 A.D.
Hamadhán. Year 313
188.
*-* >
*W**
& crual
<- &l-e
-
—"— Ju
3:
2-call
J-31) ---
A'.
:•
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 3.96grm.
Tiesenhausen (No. 2311) lists and date.
undescribed
&-l
-
>
*
:
*W*
*
Misr. Year 314 A.H. =926/7 A.D.
189.
L-a
Ju
is
197)
this mint
J
--all
UM. 34.5mm, 4.27grm.
not described
in
the
be British Museum (Allan, NC,
full.
-
Ardabil. Year 318 A.H. =930 A.D. *V 3–4° &V. J2240
&
o
190.
p.
neath the reverse; another 1919,
VIII
Berlin (No. 1657) apparently has three pellets in
specimen
in
A
AV.
-
-
*A*->va
*-
©
©
U-
All!
ANs (ex Newell
B-sil
Coll.).
22mm., 3.64grm.
the British Museum
[49
|
not fully described.
(Allan, NC,
1919,
VIII
p.
specimen
in
PLATE
197)
is
A.
All
A
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As above.
dinar
of
an
PLATE
RAR E
IS LA M I C CO I NS
From the historical point of view this is an interesting and valuable coin, for it records the restoration of purely ‘Abbāsid control in Azerbaijan during the complicated marches and counter-marches involving the Sajid princes and several ‘Abbāsid governors. Vasmer has
of this involved
in minute detail the developments
traced
period.” Bardha'ah. Year 318 *V &l's 3–4°
-
[-
A.H. =930 A.D.
JV: *-
:23): all
©
*A*-P-A.
o
J3-2
5-31) ---
te
A.
2-call
(ex Newell Coll.). 22mm., 4.16grm.
ANs
It
190 above.
of
number
politi Sajid
would appear
the only
be
course ‘Abbāsid
to
of
the same mint, but this
Bardha'ah,
reflects the same
A
as
No.
VIII
by
dirhams
that recorded
Azerbaijan.
Bardha'ah are known, and there are
of
dinars
of
cal situation
Arrán, north
of
the capital
believe, the unique purely ‘Abbāsid dinar
of
I
This
in
is,
PLATE
or
of
think, should establish the fact that Muflih's gov
of
320
that year, for there are dinars and dirhams A.H." bearing his name and that the Caliph
al-Muqtadir who was killed
the day mentioned.
i
p.
is
p.
50
J
[
of
a
in
“O monetakh
izuchennya Azerbaidjana,
5,
R.
R.
Sadjidov,” obssledavannya Izvestia obschestva pp. 22-51; see especially 44, where the BM specimen No. taken into account. Cf. also NHR, pp. 142ff. Bardha'ah, dated 323, struck by the latter, cited by Vasmer, op. cit., 44, Cf. dinar No. 27. 64 Ibid. 82
Vasmer,
on
Ardabil
the year 320, and before the
in
Shawwal
of
of
27th
of
ernorship began during the course
of
This specimen,
I
of
Bardha’ah dinar not struck the petty dynasts, and not bearing the name one the Caliph's mawlas, Wasif Muflib al-Yüsufi."
*
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Ju
of
191.
“ABB As ID GoLD 192.
-
Tustar min-al-Ahwaz.
*W**
3–4° &V.
&
cruel! 3:
——
J-31)
Year
318
313-yl
J.
A.H. =930 A.D.
L:
—#– Ju
2-call
-->
A. ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 24mm., 4.26grm.
One specimen of this issue has been published but not fully scribed." Filastin. Year
193.
*W**
A
A.H. =931 A.D.
&- ~ 5-la-l.
As above.
cruell 3:
3-3)
specimen
→l
A. UM. 24mm., 4.06grm.
of this issue has been published but not fully de
scribed."
-
Misr. Year 319 A.H. =931 A.D. < *_-e &--~~
\**
all W.
All
As above.
Av.
specimen
UM. 24.5mm., 4.02grm.
differs from published examples
the pellet beneath the reverse." p.
}
51
[
cf.
p.
Lane-Poole, NC, 1885 (op. cit.), No. 9a. Porter, NC, 1921, 325; Zambaur, NZ, 1922, Paris, No. 1145, Khedivial Library, Nos. 668, 668A.
**
of
This
10.
2-call
in
194.
**
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&
3–4°
319
de
the presence
-
R A RE
Misr. Year
195.
Margin
319
IS LA M I C CO I NS
A.H. =931 A.D.
as above.
—"— 4Ju 2-all
& cruel! 3:
J-l
5-3.) ©
196-198.
A. UM. 24mm., 3.85grm.
Al-Ahwāz. Year 320 A.H. =932 A.D.
<\#3 J.--> <-
2-call
-->
a
3 specimens: A. ANs
3-0)
→-->
(2 ex Newell Coll.). 26mm.,
25mm., 25mm.; 4.3ogrm., 3.39grm., 5.17grm. PLATE
A
VIII (No.
198)
Ermitage" is not described. Amid al-Dawlah was the title of the Vizier abu-Ali al-Husayn b. al Qāsim." similar
(?)
specimen in the
No mint. No date (Al-Muqtadir, 295-320 A.H. =908-932 A.D.). Nandi, sacred bull of Siva, Horseman, coat mail (?), helmeted, riding horse clining left; above, Ju ---all. of
silver dirhams
of
traordinary issues
the
of
4
fragment lacking) PLATE VIII
my knowledge, the only gold specimen
of
This
these
ex
Kabul “bull and horseman” type. The
the same type have most recently been discussed
John Walker, who tends toward the view that these coins were by
by
above,_*
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 19mm., 3.6ogrm. (about
to
ANs
is,
A.
left;
J.
to
in
re-
199.
in
of
of
52
|
69
54, No. 1019.
[
Markov,
p.
in
to
“propaganda pieces purposely struck the Caliph's moneyers Iraq, order win the approval the Hindu tribes the Kabul
*
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—#– Ju
:
& J.'...')
J-31
315°yu
Cf. Ties., No.
2357.
Gold
“ABB As ID
Valley." The
present unique dinar is not from the same dies as
in the ANS (see below, Nos. 348-9), but is
the silver specimens
otherwise of identical design.
s-- ~
321
A.H. =933 A.D. g-
313-yl
>
J Lawl
W.
3:
&
"W
All
©
*W*3 &L-23
-->
Tustar min-al-Ahwaz. Year
200.
Zambaur published but did not describe fully mint and date.”
&
A.H. =934 A.D.
322
4.23
J-a
o
4U
A.
"V gal-J) UM. 23mm., 3.86grm.
is
of
There are two published specimens this issue, but one lacks the pellet and the other not fully described.” Madinat al-Salām. Year
Jail
J-31)
A.H. =940 A.D.
329
<-->
f>0~!
3:
*W** g.:23 &- <&
202.
J gal-J)
*UW
-->
SU A. UM. 22mm., 4.14grm.
]
53
S. of
A.
al
of
in
of
à
la
I,
pt.
E.
120, No. 420. Khedivial Library, No. 693; Ties., No. 2929(a).
[
p.
71
in
of
is
of
70
“Islamic Coins with Hindu Types,” NC, 1946, pp. 121-128. The full bibliography previously published dirhams given this type the course this article. Cf. Altekar, “A Bull and Horseman Type Muqtadir Biliah Coin the Abbasid Caliph JNSI, VIII, pp. 75-78. [sic!] Ja'afar,” Numismatique Orientale,” NZ, 1914, von Zambaur, “Nouvelles Contributions 72
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*W*3
this
-
Misr. Year
201.
specimen
of
Newell Coll.). 23.5mm., 4.85grm.
ANs (ex
a
A'.
J-31) ---
RA R E
IS LA M I
C
CO
INS
- ~ U-
Mint? Year 336 A.H. =947/8 A.D.
203.
3:3
*W**
all -->ve
All
All J3-2
call
Margin undeciphered, possibly
*
A.
meaningless. UM. 22.5mm, 2.76grm. PLATE VIII
to
very strange coin, exceptionally
of
of
I
a
is
thin and underweight, and engraved with bold and clumsy characters. have had aban This
in
or
a
of
a
ra,
It
a
or
In be
to
a
if
of
tooth for the preposition we are confronted with four “teeth” and shin, final letter: even we take three the “teeth” sin
I
can make nothing
conventionalization
of
I
be a
does not appear
to
it: in it
writing Tustar. As for the reverse margin
of
a
a
a
of
to
a
of
Yāqüt find bewildering number possibilities. we still have many names whose letters would conform these possibilities, but likely site for none them seems mint. As last resort one might argue that the die-engraver inadvertently omitted one tooth the “Prophetic
recognized
other dynasties
Caliph, are excessively rare.” group late ‘Abbāsid dinars, most
on
of
al-Muti, other than those
which
as
is
he
The coins
of
Mission.”
of
be
no
of
of
of
a
in
to
in
or
of
lar to
a
There follows them simi published specimens but differing greater degree lesser respect from them their weights. For the study the metrol following ogy period the late ‘Abbāsid the list should some
54
of
|
No. 478; Paris, Nos. 1268-9.
[
Cf. BM,
i,
is
As the legends differ
in
way from the known dinars al-Nasir, al-Mustansir and al-Musta'sim, epigraphical description omitted. use.
78
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a
is
is
it
to
spite don the attempt read the name the mint the fact quite clearly written. that consists five “teeth” and final probably za, letter with tail which nun. Allowing one
‘ABB As ID
Gold
611 A.H. = 1214/5 A.D. A. ANS-MMA (ex Durkee Coll.). 31mm., 7.19grm.
204.
Madinat al-Salām. Year
205.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 612
A.H. = 1215/6 A.D. A. UM. 29.5mm., 6.84grm.
206-207.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 613 A.H. = 1216/7 A.D. UM. 30.5mm., 12.39grm. (ex Newell Coll.). 3omm., 11.56grm.
Madinat al-Salām.
615
A.H.
A.D.
1218/9
ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 24.5mm., 4.69grm. (pierced)
A.H.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 62o
A.D.
1223
be A.
A.D.
1240/1
ANS-MMA (ex Durkee
Coll.).
24.5mm., 7.81grm.
unpublished.
A.H.
ANs
A.D.
1243/4
(ex Newell Coll.). 28mm., 8.73grm.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 642 A.H.
=
A.
212. Madinat al-Salām. Year 641
1244/5
A.D.
ANS-MMA (ex Durkee Coll.). 29mm., 11.17grm. ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 28mm., 4.68grm. (ringed)
Madinat al-Salām. Year 643 A.H.
A.H.
= =
al-Salām. Year 654
Coll.).
1250/1
1256
27mm., 9.34grm.
A.D.
A.H.
A.D.
Coll.).
1258
55
26.5mm., 13.07grm.
A.D.
A.
Madinat al-Salām. Year 656
=
ANS-MMA (ex Durkee
|
219.
A.D.
ANs (ex Starosselsky Coll.). 27.5mm., 5.32grm. (ringed)
A.
218. Madinat
=
Madinat al-Salām. Year 648 A.H.
UM. 28.5mm., 11.98grm.
1247/8
ANS-MMA (ex Durkee
[
217.
A.H.
al-Salām. Year 645 A.
216. Madinat
A.D.
1245/6 A.
215.
=
A.
A.
213-214.
A.D. Al-Nasir.
1225
=
This year appears
to
Madinat al-Salām. Year 638 A.H.
A.
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211.
A.H.
UM. 30mm., 7.60grm.
ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 27mm., 3.78grm.
=
A.
210. Madinat al-Salām. Year 622
=
A.
209.
Year
=
A'.
208.
ANs
=
Av.
Av.
UM. 26.5mm., 8.90grm.
IS LA M I
RA R E
C
CO
INS
I
am aware of only one other specimen” of this the last of ‘Ab basid coins. It must have been struck in the first six weeks of the
for al-Musta'sim was put to death and the ‘Abbāsid empire brought to an end by the Mongol Hülägü on the 14th of Safar, 656. year,
B. SILVER"
V
-
&V.
(?) A.H. =755/6 (?) A.D.
4.5
** 3:3
138
Ua
Antákiyah. Year
oo ooooooooo A.
Annulets:
ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
24mm., 3.98grm.
VIII
for
188
and the mint
168,
J.J1,
Fraehn,"
<Jaju, which
he
as
suggested might
or
certainly identical coin was published
almost
who read the date
ous
no
be
a
I
the coin and the
the fact that one would not
be
or
1
in
<J.J)
or
I
of
be
to
of
what appears << tantalizing particularly view
a
as
30," No. 222
of
in
in
Ties. No. 1443.
56
|
with
[
Recensio,
is
the Museum the American Numismatic Society number Museum Collection there are eighty-two. Noteworthy specimens among few from other sources, are described the following pages. =
these, together
a
the University
p.
in
* ** 821;
“tooth”
p.
Allan, NC, 1919, 198. The ‘Abbāsid silver coins
faultily
a
is
at
of
the definite article. Likewise, the kaf the right, giving the impression that there
the expected lam engraved
is a
it
is
It
on
a
to
completely unknown town encounter mint early finally dawned the ‘Abbāsid period. me that the mint, like the date, somewhat clumsily written, and that the second letter, being slightly more elongated than nun, and not should be,
in
likely
have
that period. As for the mint must con spent many hours hunting for some likely interpretation
is
I
fess that
for
the style
simple stroke.
of
is
little doubt that 138 epigraphy definitely
correct,
as
in
it
be
it
as
assume that the mim had been written
of
to
is
is
as
is
of
be
but left the problem unsolved. admittedly equivocal: the second stroke The date the decade high lam, reading not should for but other than thirty eighty, but possible, unless that case one would have
76
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An
by
PLATE
he
220.
ya is
it;
“ABB As ID s ILVER
and finally the almost imperceptible. Admittedly these adjustments are numerous, but am quite confident that Antákiyah intended.
of
the sole evidence the beginning Antioch before the
the issue
abandonment for nearly two centuries must
be a
well
be
a
early ‘Abbāsid days might
but the reason for
of
in of
this important city
its
a
at
Muslim mint the fourth century the Hijrah.” The establishment existence
expected,
*k
ooooo ooo
ANs. 25mm., 2.85grm.
VIII
To my knowledge
~
•
J-4513
A.H. =763/4 A.D.
-- ~
&l=\
ooooo
Antákiyah appears 307 (Ties., 325; dated 306 (Porter, NC, 1921,
No.
specimen
be
1862." to
in
A
of
27mm, 2.89grm.
Arrán.
p.
is
ANs.
22.76); and Zambaur, NZ,
-
Soret).
57]
the reprint pagination
of
to
is
Ties., No. 754 (where the reference
[
104
Bartholomae's third letter
to
1862,
=
RNB,
p.
* 78
p.
I
The earliest known dirham the only dinar which have noted 1922, 10). Paris, No. 1685.
of
Bartholomae
77
was listed
the second known ‘Abbāsid issue by
This
is
AR.
Annulets:
with have
cf.
*3
146
have met
26.5mm., 2.61grm.
"..
published specimens that
Arrán. Year
Coll.).
ANs (ex Starosselsky
I
All
*3%u
o
oo
AR.
o
Annulets:
A.H. =758/9 A.D.
141
s--
3-4-13
o
**
o o
Al-Kufah. Year
222.
Istakhr
A.H.”
140
oo
one dated
the only other ‘Abbāsid dirham
of
PLATE
is
AR.
oo ~
&-
** 3:3
A.H. =756/7 A.D.
139
oo
Istakhr. Year
Annulets: ooo
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mint
matter for speculation.
221.
223.
in of
correct,
is
be
this reading
of
If
is
I
before
IS LA M I C
R A R E 224.
C O I
NS
-
Arrán. Year 149 A.H. =766/7 A.D. ≤ ** 3:213 &-
ooooo
AR.
Annulets:
Al-Muhammadiyah.
Described
Year
NHR, No.
in
225.
149
26.5mm, 2.86grm.
ANs.
A.H. =766/7 A.D.
The letter beneath the reverse area
51C.
(ex Wood Coll.). 26mm., 2.81grm.
Al-Muhammadiyah. Year 157 A.H. =773/4 A.D. ** 3:-->3 &<-->dU
*
~
226.
ANs
>!
->
V
(s-all
J-31)
-->l
Annulets:
oo oo oo oo UM. 27mm., 2.71grm.
AR.
o o
o
oo
of
of
I
o
J3-2 --> All gle
r":
AR,
&-ell
59.
58
}
No. 66 (p. 23) =NHR, No.
[
Tornberg,
in
a
A.H. =778/9 A.D.
ANs.
J)
-
162
(3.1
o
o
oo
:
159
the year 157."
Madinat al-Salām. Year
** 3:- 3:1
believe
&l=
|
of
be
specimen
Annulets:
an
the Istanbul Museum, but
accepted. Furthermore Tornberg's dirham
probably
227.
in
I
had seen
may now a
is it
this year which
I
In
in
I
Mint and date are very badly written, but am quite confident that they have been read correctly. This coin fills blank the (p. Rayy series. unpublished rejected NHR 37) dirham
80
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-*
&
AR.
oo
in
shape from the usual variety. differs Annulets: oo oo oo
24mm, 2.87grm.
‘ABBA's ID SILVER
This variety, with this particular arrangement of pellets, appears to be unpublished. 228. Al-‘Abbāsiyah.
** 5-3
Year 168 A.H. =784/5 A.D. &V. *-U-IV
Annulets:
oo o o oo
--
calā
On
Coll.). 25mm, O
apparently similar specimen, Fraehn read
** 3-3
-
229. Al-Muhammadiyah.
Year
(sic)
&V.
168
2.5ogrm.
81 •
-N->
A.H. =784/5 A.D.
--->4
AR.
Annulets: ooooooooo ANs (ex Nies
Coll.).
26mm., 2.66grm.
NHR,
date.
W *
J.3->
--> w-
Obverse area enclosed chain marginal legend. border. No
>
No mint. No
by
230.
in
This curious coin has been described and illustrated No. 68C.
all
cs:* >y)
Annulets:
oooo
P
&
&
&J
AR.
No marginal legend. GCM
(Teheran, 1935). 12mm., o.5ogrm.
Ties., No. 1044.
59 |
[
6,” No. 111
identify the governor, Yahyà
=
Recensio,
p.
have not been able
b.
to
PLATE
* I
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ANs (ex Newell
•
•
•
an
AR.
*_j.
VIII
al-Rabi';
RA
IS LA M I
R E
CO I
C
NS
of
Al-Yamāmah.
-
** 3:-
ooo
be
all
at
g-
>
J.J." All J3-2
o o
ge_ll
[
AR.
*
J-31)
ANs
-->
w
-->
(ex Wood Coll.). 25mm., 2.7ogrm.
reckon
at
A.H.)
existence.
least seven distinct issues.”
at
of
issues
VIII
this mint during the
Of the
year 170 alone
I
three years (169-171
its
bewildering number
of
is
a
PLATE
The present one appears
be
oo
of
A.H. =786/7 A.D.
(*)33-A
There
to
in
:-3
to
170
o
o
o
#3–0
oo
all gle
V
-
** 3:-
*
-->
All J.3->
ooo
unpublished issue and the latest striking -
Al-Härüniyah. Year
Annulets:
in
et
i,
3.
to
7.
}
[60
1241;
5.
2.
=
i,
=
6.
=
Ties., No. 1117 =BM, No. 744; No. 230 Berlin, No. 1240(?); Ties, No. 1119 Berlin, No. 1242(?); No. 4.
is
b.
b.
e
is
i,
It
of p.
4o
1.
p.
. . .
a
of
82
Yahyà The Kufic seal man named Ahmad Rabi' illustrated Adler's Collectio Nova Numorum Cuficorum Museis Borgiano Adleriano (Copenhagen, 1792), permissible, but perhaps fanciful, conjecture that this (cf. 181). person was the son the unidentified governor. BM, Ties., No. 1099 =BM, Paris, No. 139 Paris, No. 743; No. 140; 88
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this short-lived mint. 233.
datable
(ex Wood Coll.). 26mm., 25mm.; 2.94grm., 2.82grm.
an
be
AR,
to
2
This appears
ANs
the
the Hijrah.
specimens:
events,
A.H. =786/7 A.D.
170
*u-JV
ooo
o
Annulets:
Year
style
>
231-232.
o
the second half
similarity
must,
the second century
o
in
coins issued during al-Mahdi's rule.
of
of
have placed this coin here because
It
I
its
his name does not appear in the early chronicles.” Fractional dirhams are rare, and the absence of mint and date is quite extraordinary.
Ties., No. 1118=Berlin, Library, No. 397.
Khedivial
“ABB As ID s ILVER
No. 1240 (=Ties, No. 1118?), and I publish it here only because it may assist in untangling the whole series. the same as Berlin,
so.
The name at the top is doubtful; and 35_a in the fourth line of
Annulets:
oo
Above and
A.H. =789/90 A.D.
173
:
*-
Ifriqiyah. Year ** 5-3 eit in
-* J3-2
oooo
-A-Pva
AUl
>
annulet border:
*
234.
*w
the reverse is equally
J3_*
AR.
C3 (ex Newell Coll.). 25mm, 2.78grm.
ANs
This specimen differs from the published varieties.” Al-Mubarakah.
as
oooo
&
oo
A.H. =790/1 A.D.
Year 174 sulu
** 3-3 &Annulets:
(apparently)
-
Year
oo
NHR, No.
74B.
&
A.H. =792/3 A.D.
AR.
4.
oo
oo
Annulets:
oo
-
J-3
176
J1
Madinat al-Salām. Year *3 f2.
(ex Wood Coll.). 25.5mm., 2.90grm.
ANs
in
AR.
oo
&
co oo
This coin has been described 237.
A.H. =790/1 A.D.
174
->dU
-
&2)
Annulets:
oo
** 5-3
(ex Wood Coll.). 25.5mm, 2.55grm.
ANs
the word sanah.
Al-Muhammadiyah. oo
236.
of
AR.
J-a,
Note the omission
GCM
(Istanbul, 1933). 22mm., 1.67grm.
}
61
[
is
Ties., No. 1178 (p. 303) most nearly like but lacks the name margin. Cf. also Ties., Nos. 1177-8, Berlin, Nos. 966-8.
in
it,
PLATE
*
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235.
VIII
the
obverse
RA
R E
IS LA M I C CO I NS
This is an extremely rare year in the otherwise plentiful series of Baghdad.
am aware of only one other specimen, a fragment found hoard in East Prussia in 1866."
a
Al-Muhammadiyah. Year 178 A.H. =794/5 A.D. ** &W-> <- *->lu
238.
5-3
oooooooo AR.
Al-Küfah. Year
239.
3:
180
-
**
33%
@@
Annulets:
in
This coin has been described
NHR, No.
79A.
A.H. =796/7 A.D.
G)
J3-2 -->
3-yl U-yl
** 3:3
-->]
ANs (ex Newell
only one other specimen
of
AR.
I
of
Year
240. San'a.
U-1
V
-->
Coll.). 25mm,
2.84grm.
this issue."
A.H. =801 A.D.
185
J--> <- V-a: of
minute groups
letters
(rest effaced) AR.
ANs. 18.5mm., 1.28grm.
and this coin establishes the fact that
was also
office
185." in
=
p.
p.
cf.
pp. 649, 740; Zambaur, Manuel, 113. He was still active (as gov (Tabari, III, pp. 712, 730).
62
|
191 and 192 A.H.
[
in
*Tabari, III, ernor?)
=
p.
in
*
F.
85
ZDMG, 1866, Nesselmann, G. H. 610 Ties., No. 2787. Ties., No. 2794 (not described detail). Recensio, 25," No. 199 Ties., No. 1387. The word beneath the reverse area was, here, illegible.
as
in
184
in
Mecca and the Yaman
(al-Barbari)
he
was governor
Hammâd
AH.,
VIII
this fractional dirham has been published.”
of
One specimen
of
PLATE
in
o
Annulets:
oo
2
©
O
•V->
87
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J:-31)
am aware
ANs. 25mm., 2.84grm.
4
Annulets: o
J.
in
I
sILVER
“ABB As ID 241.
-
Al-Muhammadiyah.
** 3:3
Annulets:
*-
Year :-->dU
186
A.H. =802 A.D.
oooo
oo
AR. ANS.
24mm., 2.90grm.
This coin is described in NHR, No. 87F. 242.
Madinat al-Salām. Year
** 3:3 -- ~ Annulets:
186
A.H. =802 A.D.
&-
*X-J
*
all
oo
o oo o oo o
J-yl
-->
J.3->
L-yl
3-3) →l
V
4 U-
& -->
oooo
,
above the reverse
&
-
&
193
A.H.
=809
A.D. <-->
(rest effaced)
* * *J1
All J.3->
~
ri-,
-->
&l=
|
Annulets:
(ex Newell Coll.). 26mm, 2.93grm.
here.
Madinat Balkh. Year
** 3-3
ANs
unique unless Tornberg's as
-
in
is
fact
44
243.
names
180.
63
]
No.
[
Ties., No. 2807. Ties., No. 1520. Ties., No. 1542; BM,
i,
in
b.
al-Hakam Sinän are present the following year.”
coin
Harthamah
issue
of
an
those
b.
full
a
the year 192"; and the
on
of
The reverse area legends are similar
on
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm, 2.56grm. (frag. lacking)
of
ANs
of to
AR.
røJ.
91 90 89
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This specimen area"
is
AR.
Jia
Zaranj
Ā’yan and
the same mint struck
R A R E
** 3-3
44
A.H. =809 A.D.
193
>3'--
~~~ all
(Q)
©
Q)
@
Point under ba of duriba. Annulets: © (Q)
I NS
4) J3-2 33-ul U-yl
->
AR.
ANs
J
G3
&
5-31
4
J-ll +
V
-
Nisabür. Year
CO
×l
244. Madinat
IS LA M I C
-->l
-->
(ex Newell Coll.). 21.5mm., 3.95grm.
it
in
of
in
of
ba
i,
in
This specimen differs from BM, No. 245, that lacks the Ties, area; name ‘Uthmān beneath the reverse and from No. 1560, the presence the point under the duriba. Another speci men lacking the name ‘Uthmān was found the Stora Velinge hoard.”
J-V
oo
&
* *N)
o o
oo
o
o
&21
A.H. =809/10 A.D.
o
-
** 5-3
194
J3-2 --> Al
Madin Bajunais. Year Annulets:
14 J-31 ->
U
-->
Similar 246.
to
-A-e
Ties., No.
2820.
*-
Madinat Samarqand. Year
** 5-3
J--> <-
AR. ANS.
:
195
All
-* 4J)
J3-2 -->
3:31)
@@@@
Q
©
Annulets:
23.5mm., 3.09grm.
A.H.=810/1 A.D.
*
—#—
--
33-ul
Jail)
No. 558,
64
p.
1941,
|
Linder-Welin, NNA,
[
Ulla
S.
AR. ANS.
**
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245.
99.
24mm., 2.5Igrm.
several respects from
published specimens
this year and mint.
Madin Bājunais. Year 195 A.H. =810/1 A.D. ** 5-3 J--> <- J-->W &-oo
3.913
3
oo
oo
all J3-2 --> *...*J) Jel V." 4
o
Annulets:
o
247.
o
of
This coin differs in
SILVER all
“ABB As ID
--
&:-31)
~~~
Ties, No.
248. Madinat
all
oo
J3-2 --> >! V- all 33-ul tuy
*
oo oo oo
oo
3
Annulets:
o
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 23.5mm, 2.82grm.
minor detail from one
in
This specimen differs
in
AR.
J-all
the British
Museum.”
-
Annulets:
oo
*-
oooo
&
196
&
** 3:-
3
Madinat Balkh. Year
249.
A.H. =811/2 A.D.
As above, but large pellet be al-Fadl (none above), and point over al-Fadl.
ANs
(ex Nies Coll.). 24mm, 2.84grm.
detail from published varieties.
65 |
58, No. 3oox.
[
ix,
BM,
p.
This specimen differs
in
AR.
få of
neath
*
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A.H. =810/1 A.D.
Harât. Year 195 J--> <- cl_*
** 3:-
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 2.68grm.
ANs
1604.
oo
Similar
oo
to
AR.
3_”
IS LA M I C CO INS
** 5-3
A.H. =811/2 A.D.
196
All
~~~
(V-yl 4
*
--
33-ul
J-all
ANs
There are several published varieties none like this in detail.
&-
A.H. =812/3 A.D.
197
-
** 5-3
this mint and date, but
&
Madinat al-Salām. Year
251.
(Wood Coll.). 25mm, 2.8ogrm.
of
AR.
*
ooo
e o o
oo
oo
o
oo
3:31) oo
Annulets:
J3-2 -->
•ll)
C
V
----
Madinat Samarqand. Year
250.
Lal
RARE
f2.J.
Annulets: ooooo
"I
g
-A-2Ea
4-la-J)
the year 176 (see
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 2.90grm.
No. 237 above) specimens
of
As
in
AR.
Ooo
the Baghdad
and curiously rare. The only other pub my attention" appears lished coin that has come bear the Caliph, but find this description difficult name al-Ma'mun events, would appear credit. The present coin, the last
mint for
Dimishq. Year
Annulets:
o
** 5-3 oo
&\*
to
be
to
all
the capital.
-
198
A.H. =813/4 A.D. 54-4 -A-Pve
All J3-2
-->
33-ul twyl
in
Blurred word third quarter of annulet border.
AR.
J-31 ---
~
252.
al-Amin
at
issue
of
at
I
as
of
to
to
197 are excessively
J
[
66
*
ANs. 25mm., 2.83grm.
PLATE Ties., No. 1650.
*
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All J3-2
3-yl
VIII
SILVER
"ABBA's ID
‘Abbāsid coins of Damascus are remarkably rare. Not only is this coin apparently unpublished but of proximate years I have noted only one specimen of the year 194 and two of the year 200.” The present issue is the first
of
is not only satisfactory
confirmation, but in some respects valuable
of dirhams issued by an individual named Muhammad b. Salih b. Bayhas al-Kilâbi, who calls himself simply Muhammad b. Bayhas on the coins. The numismatic record a series
elaboration, of the somewhat vague accounts in the chronicles of developments in and about Damascus at the turn of the century.
b.
195 A.H.
the leader
of on
to
no
the year
scene toward the end
the the
by
of
Kalbite faction, took possession
the principal cities
of
to
in
b.
‘Abbāsid forces opposing the Umayyad pretender ‘Ali 'Abdullāh al-Sufyani, who his attempt seize the Caliphate and aided northern Syria. The issue became one rivalry, Kalbite-Kaisite and we next Ibn-Bayhas besieged Damascus whose Kaisite inhabitants learn that
women's
the year 198.
Ibn
Damascus” (witness the coins), and b.
“remained there until ‘Abdullah
Tahir came
to
Bayhas became the “Lord
Muharram
in
This event took place
of
him, while al-Sufyāni escaped
of
clothes.
to
surrendered the city
in
of
the
Damascus.”
in
**
Berlin, No. 1262; Ties., No. 1705; Paris, No. 907. 200 A.H.: Ties., No. 1705, Paris, No. 907; 204 A.H.: ANS, No. 257 below; 205 A.H.: Paris, No. 908, and one, unpublished, the Princeton University Collection; 208 A.H.: Ties., No. 1796; 209 A.H.: Ties., No. 1801. 97
Ties., No. 1809. His full name Yâqüt tioned (Yāqüt, IV, 53;
of
be
to
to
is
p.
of
p.
p.
of I.,
to
94
E.
p.
in
is a
of
in
its
at
an is
cf.
given
b.
p.
as
by
*
first occurrence Ibn-al-Athir (VI, 172). He men authority on the residents Qarāhtā', village belonging Damascus Le Strange, Palestine, 479). He not confused with abu Bayhas al-Haysam Jābir, the Khāriiite, founder the Bayhasiyah branch the sect, who was executed the year A.H. after fleeing Medina from al-Hajjāj's persecution (cf. Mas'udi, Murilj, V, 230; s.v. Abū Baihas). For the name, Bayhas (“lion”), see Ibn-Dorayd (ed. Wüstenfeld, Göttingen, 1854), 227.
|
[
67
cf.
p.
Ibn-al-Athir, VI, pp. 172-3; Ibn-Khaldūn, III, Weil, Geschichte der Chalifen, 235; pp. 187-8; Fraehn, apud Tiesenhausen, No. 1705, quoting Ibn-'Asakir.
* II,
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usually called," first appears as
Ibn-Bayhas,
is
the year 211, bears
of he
account,
Bayhas." The next known name.” According the historical
Muhammad
as
issue,
of
bearing the name
of
all
The coin evidence begins with the present dirham, dated 198 A.H. There follow issues of the years 200, 204, 205, 208 and 209,
IS LA M I C CO I NS
RARE
Now I have failed to find exact mention of the date when the famous Táhirid general and statesman “came to Damascus,” but it seems in
all
fairly well established that al-Ma'mun appointed him governor of the territory lying between Raqqah and Egypt 206 A.H.” to
to
he
to
b.
of
Ibn-Bayhas, that ‘Abdullāh The chronicles then say, apropos Egypt, returned Tāhir thereupon went Damascus and took ‘Irāq, “where Ibn-Bayhas with him died.”
of
b.
the effect that Ibn-Bayhas died
think we must assume that this
in
to
report
is
I
210," but
a
this chronology
is
in
to
factor in
to
‘Irāq appears Tahir's return from Egypt and march have been toward the end the year 211." The only discordant
‘Abdullah
error. Otherwise,
come
of
known Damascus issue
one
of
I
as
I
to
below, the coins and the chron icles complement each other admirably; have noted above, the
with one exception which
the year 211 omits the name
Ibn
x-
by
of
to
in
a
is
of of
dirham the year 203, listed Porter among the coins the University Beirut Collection,” the reverse which bears inscriptions similar the present coin with one im
The exception
al
&
A
3:
of
be
portant difference: above, and beneath. This would Muhammad, the son al-Rashid, Hârün later the Caliph
of
to
Mu'tasim. Zambaur" attempts reconcile this issue with Muham Syria and Egypt mad's (al-Mu'tasim's) honorary governorship
of
28
p.
(who
gives
Damascus). 52
(end
‘Abd Allāh
b.
s.v.
II,
transl.,
p.
396
I.,
p.
cf.
of =
another account);
E.
Rajab, 212, according
235. Slane,
I,
Ibn-Khaldūn, III, Ibn-Khallikân, ed.
173;
1098,
government
say 205 and
p.
I.,
p.
‘Abdullāh's de
p.
the commencement
VI,
some
b.
p.
of
E.
Ibn-Khaldūn, III, 252 (206 A.H., “and Tāhir, Zambaur, Manuel, Allāh
s.v. ‘Abd
to
in
211
or
of
101 Ibn-al-Athir, 102 Tabari, III,
257;
of
of
as
cf.
Ibn-al-Athir, VI,
p.
100
some say 207”); 205 the date
p.
cf.
p.
he
of
in b.
in
p.
to to
is
to to
&
I,
Tāhir. Matthes), 606; Yāqüt, index, 667, where 108 Ibn-Taghri-Birdi (ed. Juynboll Aghāni, XV, 88, mistakenly interchanged with the Ibn-Taghri Wüstenfeld's reference Salih, al-'Alawi. Ibn-Bayhas (Ibn-Bahis Birdi reference, applies another Muhammad reported Ibn-Khaldūn) have taken part the revolt abu-Harb al-Mubarqa' (“the
in
of
II,
of p.
of I.,
cf.
p.
in
and
else the chroniclers
E.
227 A.H.,
time;
or
in
jail. Thus have been captured and put was still active have confused the dramatis personae the two rather similar uprisings (Tabari, III, pp. 1320, 1322; Ibn-al-Athir, VI, pp. 372, 376; Ibn Weil, Geschichte der Chalifen, Khaldūn, III, 270; s.v. al-Wāthik; 332). Incidentally, Ibn-Taghri-Birdi calls Ibn-Bayhas amir al-gharh, the exact significance which this context escapes me: certainly there can be no connection with northern Morocco, the Veiled”) al-Wäthio's
105
68
NZ,
1922,
I.,
western Syria. Cf.
320.
p. E. 7. of
1921,
}
NC,
[
104
p.
usual meaning. Probably the term applied
to
in
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Bayhas.
s.v. Gharb.
‘ABB As ID
s1 LVER
(“allerdings etwas später"). But this was very considerably later—
212." Is it not
in
possible that Porter misread the words beneath the
Otherwise this apparent interruption over Damascus is difficult to explain.
in Ibn-Bayhas
reverse?
rule
by
so,
The blurred word in the obverse border is probably the same as that which appears on the specimens of the year 200 and that of the year 204, No. 257 infra, i.e., &au. I do not know what it signifies. Can it be 4 ×, Tabük? Fraehn (Ties, No. 1705), reading it ad a
in
was there that the Prophet won bloodless victory and treaty with the Christians and Jews, setting precedent a
it
a
of
on
of
a
at
I
can discover
the payment the other possible reading the legend to
significance with respect
of
jizyah.”
no
9
A.H., and
arrived far-reaching
to
of
to
the coin and can only suggest that we have here some obscure ref Ibn-Bayhas, perhaps because erence the surrender Damascus
(?).
his victory too was bloodless
&O
*3%u
O O
Annulets:
A.H. =815 A.D.
199
o
&A-53
©
*3
-
Al-Küfah. Year
253.
©
g-ku
J 4:-
AR.
(Qur'ân, LXI, ANs (ex
Newell Coll.). 23.5mm.,
2.85
VIII
PLATE
G. &
rgus
4)
--
c”->
G-
33:
Margin:
-
Jiey)
grm.
in
a
is, as
p.
in
of
in
of
of of
p.
honorary gov 196 Ibn-Khaldūn, III, 255. Zambaur (Manuel, 28) has al-Mu'tasim 213, and (p. 27) Egypt incidentally, ernor Damascus the same year. There dinar Misr the year 214 (Berlin, No. 1316), bearing al-Mu'tasim's name the form abu-Ishāq, his kunyah.
69
Hitti, History
of
Philip
K.
Tabük;
cf.
s.v.
|
I.,
of
pp. 824-5;
[
II 9.
E.
107 Yāqüt, p.
I,
of
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of
it
to
of
in
the frontier between Arab and Byzantine lands the early days Islam, far Damascus; the south was the farthest point campaign which Muhammad advanced the the year to
Tabük lay
of on
of
mitted that any connection with the famous place that name was improbable, and suggested the possibility moneyer's name.
the Arabs,
IS LA M
RAR E
IC
I NS
CO
This remarkable issue has been described more than once," but
pre the
Abu'l
Mansur (or
his claimed is
in
connection with this issue the the chronicles that Abu'l-Sarāyā struck dirhams The Qur'ânic quotation reads: “Verily Allāh loves battle-ranks like
a
his path, ranged
in
who fight
in
al-Küfah."
at
in
statement those
of
Ma'mun's reign. He called himself Fātimi because
‘Alid descent. Of special interest
dis
of
in
of
of
Sarāyā), the famous ‘Alid brigand whose revolt ten months turbed the southern provinces the empire the early days
al
al-Sari
b.
reverse area) was the fictitious name
of
its
curiosity and relative rarity this almost perfectly served specimen deserves publication here. Al-Asfar (beneath
in view of
compact
building.”
Al-Rafiqah. Year
200
Ju
«»l
-
&:
A.H. =815/6 A.D.
O
common dirham mint, except the third century the Hijrah; find
no
I
of
no means
in
year 190 and later
25.5mm., 2.90grm.
a
by
Al-Rafiqah
is
AR. ANS.
in
O O
O
o
O
Annulets: ooo
o o o
Jaul.
the
pub
is
51, No. 15. Another specimen
313; RNB, 1870,
p.
al-Jazirah and commander-in-chief listed but not described
at
Syria.
244;
E.
in
(Dhü’l-Yaminayn),
in
b.
al-Husayn
ZDMG, XXII, pp. 706-7, XXIII, p.
108 C.-J. Tornberg, Zambaur, NZ, 1905,
Tāhir
p.
this time governor
of
“Tāhir” must refer
to
in
lished specimens with exact date preserved between the year 193 and 208;" and none again until the year 259. the present one; then one
p.
von
Markov,
66.
I,
p.
|
[70
s.v. al-Sari
b.
of
E.
is
of
A.
cf.
S.
110 Ulla
of
reported); the rebel's striking dirhams pp. 502-3. Der Islam im Morgen- und Abendland, Linder-Welin, NNA, 1941, Nos. 681-2, 102.
line where the fact Mansur; Müller,
I.,
p.
in
of
be
Tabari, III, pp. 976ff.; Ibn-al-Athir, VI, pp. the revolt may read 212ff, 217ff.; Mas'udi, Murilj, VII, pp. 55ff.; Ibn-Khaldūn, III, pp. 242ff, (especially 243, 10" Accounts
7,
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254.
“ABB As ID s ILVER
Al-Kufah. Year
255.
A.H. =816/7 A.D.
201
3:V's s--! ~ **śl,
Oooo ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm, 2.89grm.
of
AR.
o 22
Samarqand. Year 202
256.
Fraehn," differs
is
by
The specimen this year and mint described from the present. Another piece listed Casanova
by
Annulets: © 22°C)
not described.”
A.H. =817/8 A.D. All
AR.
ANs
V.
3-0 +
&
&l
J.
G"
Gle
£3 G-3
(ex Starosselsky Coll.). 22mm., 2.04grm. PLATE
of
of
of
in
by
cited
by
in
the absence
VIII
the arrangement the lines and “al-Mashriq” and “Dhu’l-Ri'āsatayn” from those
The present specimen differs
Tiesenhausen and that described
Lane-Poole.” These
of
is
of an
of
its
as
of
remarkable issues the Eighth Imām ‘Ali al-Ridā heir apparent general his the Arab Empire are well known.” Aside from epigraphical document torical interest the present coin some
the end are engraved
it
is a
I
of
the
not
is a
the reduced size
the long inscription. counterfeit, counterfeit—at least,
if
is a
believe the coin
al-Ridä from the
it do of
cursive characters, coin and the consequent crowding
to
the reverse expedient caused
by on
fifth line
of
the
an
word ‘Ali
in
noted that the digit “two” and the genealogy
of
It
of
if
importance, for we have here one the earliest, not the earliest, the use of Naskhi characters on an Islamic coin. will be
instance
in
contemporary one, for the obverse outer margin, the reverse margin
|
the circumstances see my 71
account
No. 289.
[
For
*
1718.
i,
No.
Ties., No. 1730; BM,
of
**
111 Ties.,
an
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3-4.
4
*
XXX,
U-yl &
Qur’ān,
V-J
&
margin and the last line the area. Outer margin:
All J3-2 --> All &l= 33-ul
the inner
of
ventionalizations
in
There are several errors or con-
Casanova, No. 545.
NHR,
pp. 103-4.
RA
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R E
and the first part of the reverse area are in well-understood and clearly executed Kufic.
3:23 Annulets:
At
-
Dimishq. Year 204
257.
&2)
o oo o oo
A.H. =819/20 A.D.
3-4
-A->
o........
4) J3-2 -->
*au
top, in annulet border:
33-ul twy
J-31 -cré'
~
J.
*
Point under ba of bin and un AR.
der ba of Bayhas. ANs
(ex Wood Coll.). 24.5mm, 2.69grm.
IX
Al-Basrah. Year
&:V:
J--
~
258.
the present piece.
205
A.H. =820/1 A.D.
*-*. Qur’ān, XXX,
J
"
context
of
is
to
in
of
This unique coin has been mentioned the discussion No. 252 above. The reader referred that discussion for the historical
Outer margin: 3-4, ending with annulet.
on
Five equidistant small pellets thin circle enclosing mar
of
known
Basrah struck
Ties., Nos. 1764-5, 1889. The other known specimen 196).
|
72
of
235."
[
*
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 2.93grm.
believe, only one other coin
between the years 204 and 1919,
ANs
is
I
There
is,
AR.
ginal legend.
p.
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PLATE
the year 220 (Allan, NC,
“ABB As ID SILVER
&
Madinat Zaranj. Year 205 &:V-3 J--> <- G-3 Annulets: ©ooee e
A.H. =820/1 A.D. &\-à &
*L*
all
259.
J-el
Annulets on double beaded
cir
AR.
@@@)
@
cle between area and margin: ANs. 26mm., 2.87grm.
IX
is,
PLATE
a
of
a
of
and 204 A.H. The person named above the reverse abi'l-Faraj, who, the chronicles record, area Ghassān ‘Abbād was lieutenant-governor Khurāsān under al-Hasan Sahl this governor judge year. Later, from 213-216, was Sind.” To ber between
by
of
he
b.
in
b.
of
is
b.
160
Outer
margin:
~
3:23 C-:
*
Madinat Isbahān. Year 209
260.
&W-1
Qur’ān
in
Zaranj
a
in
:
coins
of
whose name appears
who served
son
of
Egypt, Africa,
various times between 178 and 198
on
Mosul and Nisabür
career governor
a
Ā’yan,
in
I
he
Arabic sources. He must have been
the
at
b.
Harthamah
in b.
As
do not find him
in
Zaranj
of
dirham
of
a
the year 204,” where believe Hassān has Ghassān, already been read for was installed Khurāsān that A'yan Harthamah, year. area, for the name beneath the reverse
I
A.H.," and
193.”
A.H. =824/5 A.D.
XXX,
AU
(Teheran, 1935). 25mm., 2.81grm. 256;
cf.
VI,
Nisabür
202
Zambaur (Manuel, governor (of
and
as
as
in
sub-prefect and 203*) who names him Khurāsān?) 204. 79, No. 311 Ties., No. 1763. 118 Tornberg, Zambaur, Manuel, pp. 26, 36, 48, 63. }
73
[
120 Ties.,
No.
1542;
BM,
i,
=
*
p.
in
pp.
p.
GCM
116 Berlin, No. 1687, year 301. 117 Tabari, III, pp. 1042-3, 11oo, 1105; Ibn-al-Athir,
in
AR.
3-4.
48
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it
to
of
of
an
be
not only unique, but with the later," exception nearly century isolated issue the last Zaranj the ‘Abbāsid series which there are considerable num
This dirham appears
No.
180.
RA R
IS LA M I C
E
CO
I NS
Zambaur published a specimen of this year and mint but described it only as “type normal,” and a specimen in the British Museum also is not
fully described.”
Färs. Year
261.
209
-
5:V3 &margin:
Outer
XXX,
Qur’ān
* All
with annulet. AR.
3-4, ending
A.H. =824/5 A.D. -2\,
GCM
(Teheran). 26mm., 2.96grm. PLATE
IX
symbol
li'lláhi
puzzling.
of
appears
is
it
a
to
a
is
It
is
start 'ayn, unintelligible out word with the letter but the rest and countermark, although engraved seems more resemble on as
the reverse under
to
on
of
I
of
only one ‘Abbāsid coins Färs (Fāris) are very scarce. know issue antedating this, the year 203 A.H. (several specimens). The
3:23
U+*
210
A.H. =825/6 A.D.
~ -->
-->
33-ul
b.
al-Sari
is
o
o
AR.
o e
e
o
e
........
©
"All
‘Ubaydullah
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 22.5mm, 2.76grm.
the well-known
governor
Egypt, 206
A.H.
oooo
-->] C. gley) -->
J)
J3-2 -->
*N)
AV)
-ke
3-#1
1914,
p.
AR.
s:” ** NZ,
119, No. 409.
>]
V
33-ul twyl “ill
-->
ANs. 26mm., 2.96grm.
*** Allan, NC, 1919,
[74]
~~
*
oo
-
Annulets:
&
A.H. =826/7 A.D.
&
Madinat Arrán. Year 211 &:-5 5-42 &-- *- &lul
p.
263.
–
J &
s_-J
the area:
Beneath: Annulets:
2II
*-i-J
the 2nd and 3rd lines
Between
of
Misr. Year
262.
of
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the die.
195.
‘ABB As ID SILVER
The legends on the reverse are the same as those on the dirhams of Arrān dated 210.” There appears to be a dirham of the year 211 similar to the present one in the Ermitage.” 264.
Arminiyah. Year 218 A.H. =833 A.D. &:V-9 3--> --> <-
*-ū
No
annulets.
&
crual
AR.
3:31) --(ex Newell Coll.). 24.5mm, 2.87grm.
ANs
b.
of
it
of
is
This coin interest because differs from the only known Arminiyah dirham 218.” Al-‘Abbās Amir al-Mu'minin (very al-Ma'mun, who from the year 213 ‘Iraq and the northwest until his father's death was governor pretender against the Caliph frontier lands, and who later rose
of
on
of
in
b.
to
of
of
of
an
coins
in
Arrán 217 and 218, Arminiyah and also, apparently, issue 217.” The present Arminiyah issue probably antedates the other dirham 218 re Khāqān, above, which has the name ferred ‘Abd al-Rahmān completely unknown person who was doubtless lieutenant-gov on
al-Mu'tasim." His name appears
123 Ties., No. 1805; BM,
i,
ernor under al-‘Abbās al-Ma'mun's death.”
or
a
No.
else
took over the administration
upon
272.
b.
to
an
to
in
a
to
in
by b.
I.,
of
E.
p.
is
to
of
is
p.
. .
R.
Vasmer, “Chronologie der Statthalter von Armenien .”, *** Monumenta Armeno logica, 1927, 134, where reference made coin numbered 763A, accession the Ermitage since Markov's Inventory. The career ‘Abd al-A'la Ahmad with reference Ya'qubi’s account analyzed the coin and this article. 12" Allan, NC, 1919, 195. al-Ma'mun, and the authorities cited there. ** s.v. al-‘Abbās or
p.
p.
cit
136; Arminiyah, ** The Arrān coins cited Vasmer (op. under No. 263 above), NNA, 877, No. 774a, and Arminiyah, 217(?): Markov, 217 227: Linder-Welin, 1941, 100, No. 607. ** Cf. Vasmer, loc. cit.: “eine gånzlich unbekannte Persönlichkeit, welche nirgends erwähnt wird und über die, viel ich weiss, überhaupt nichts bekannt ist.”
75
|
[
so
p.
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as
of
of
clumsily written) was the son
R A R E 265.
IS LA M I C
CO
INS
San'a. Date effaced.
Annulets:
.....
OQ - - - - -
All
&ls
Margin: Qur’ān XXX, 3-4. AR. GCM.
13.5mm., O.75grm. PLATE IX
This exceptional one-third dirham (with the fraction indicated on the reverse) must have been struck toward the end of the second or the beginning of the third century of the Hijrah. The epigraphy is suggestive of the middle second century, but the use of Qur’ān XXX, 3-4, as a marginal legend was not introduced until about the time of al-Ma'mun." observation
of the author of the Hudud al-'Alam (372
A.H.)”
(the second largest town in the Yaman at that time), he wrote “their 12 dirhams weigh only 1 dirham's weight.” The present piece weighs o.75 grams; twelve of them would have weighed 9.00 grams (probably more, because this specimen is worn), a figure which bears no apparent relation to the standard weight
of
ever, the remark may have some obscure reference
Outer
-U
Misr. Year 223 A.H. =837/8 A.D. 5:V3 & #23 "
-
margin:
Qur’ān
XXX,
3-4.
AR,
1856
of
Tiesenhausen, No.
dirham.
How
to these thirds.
—#– AU\,
ANs
a
ra-l
(ex Newell Coll.). 27.5mm, 2.97grm.
the same
mint and date
is
266.
not described.
76
|
[
p.
p.
I,
cf.
p.
of
rubă'yāt (“quarters”): ed. 128a Maqrizi relates that al-Ma'mun ordered the striking 48; Sauvaire, Matériaux, Anastase-Marie St-Elie (Cairo, 1939), 157. ** Op. cit, under No. 173 above, 147. de
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An
may have some bearing on this fractional dirham: speaking of Zabid,
“ABB As ID s ILVER
Dimishq. Year 225
267.
&-te: J-->
&:V-3
Outer margin:
Qur’ān
A.H. =839/40 A.D. <- 54-4
XXX,
As above.
AR,
3-4 ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 25.5mm., 3.02grm.
of
in
No mint. No
date.
** J3
All
*A*-*
J3-
all
All-
All
93
|
-\,...)
(retrograde)
J
Counterfeit.
268.
in
of
is
of
There one specimen this issue the collection the Amer University Beirut, apparently (unpublished) ican and another the Istanbul Museum.”
J*-aall
33. ANs. 28mm., 3.92grm.
Dimishq. Year 228 4°3 &V*
&:V3 Outer
an
be
copy
attempt
margin:
Qur’ān
-
reproduce the
54-4
XXX,
(8)3 W.
All 77
|
322.
8.
this issue
322; Zambaur, NZ, 1922,
Giżll
(Istanbul, 1942). 25mm., 3.02grm. is
GCM
p.
AR. 1921,
[
1921,
p. p.
NC, NC,
of
The one published specimen ** Porter,
be
A.H. =842/3 A.D.
3-4.
131 Porter,
3-u_J1
of
to is
obviously
imitation here to
forgery
IX
al-Mu'tasim.
&
269.
of
cause the legend beneath one area and that beneath the other appears
(?)
a
place this curious contemporary
or
PLATE
name
of
be
imitations
33,
IX,
both
AR,
Qur'ân
to
Obverse and reverse margins appear
I
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o
not fully described.”
IS LA M I C
RARE
-
Dimishq. Year 230 A.H. =844/5 &:V-3 &# 54-4
270.
margin:
Outer
XXX,
Qur’ān
CO I
NS
A.D.
Apparently
nothing above.
neath, effaced. AR.
3-4.
by
ANs. 26mm., 2.90grm.
de
in
specimen
of
Porter, but not this year also was published scribed; Zambaur apparently had one his collection.”
A
Be
A.H. =846/7 A.D.
Al-Shāsh. Year 232 &:V's 5:3
-
271.
margin:
Outer
Ju-Jū XXX,
Qur’ān
—"—
3-4.
&:V's Outer
3:3
margin:
J--> <- sl-
Qur’ān
J
A.H.
235
849/50 A.D.
=
Surra man-ra'a, Year
XXX,
—"—
3-4.
AR.
All Gle J#3:ll
this mint and date, but none, this small size and engraved such advanced
all x2
so
in
J
A.H. =850/1 A.D. As above.
>]
--
~
Surra man-ra'a, Year 236 sl., &:W.
&
I
of
know, far ornamental Kufic characters. 273.
UM. 16mm, 2.92grm. PLATE IX
of
There are published specimens as
XXX,
78
p.
322; Zambaur, NZ, 1922, }
NC, 1921,
(ex Wood Coll.). 25mm., 2.93grm. (pierced)
[
** Porter,
ANs
8.
AR.
2.
Outer margin: Qur’ān, 3-4, ending with p.
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coins, among which
for this issue among the so-called Tāhirid may well have been published.
5
have not searched
272.
5:13
(ex Longworth Dames Coll.). 28.5mm., 3.15grm. (twice pierced)
ANs
it
I
AR.
4JW
“ABBASID SILVER
-
A.H. =851/2 A.D.
Isbahān. Year 237
274.
& #3 &As above.
&:V3
&W-k
As above. AR. ANS.
-
Dimishq. Year
275.
&:V-9 3-4-1 Area
A.H. =854/5 A.D.
240
3.
.
.
.
As above.
as above.
Outer margin:
27mm., 2.7Igrm.
XXX,
Qur’ān,
276.
Surra man-ra'a, Year &:V's J-4513 ~
*-
Outer
J
A.H. =857/8 A.D.
243
sl.,
As above.
5-all
4JW
margin:
XXX,
Qur’ān, AR.
3-4, partly effaced. ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 19mm., 2.92grm. (pierced)
Area
as
4-13
of
A.H. =857/8 A.D. 1
&:V3
&
Misr. Year 243 &
277-278.
Kufic.
the usual unadorned
J-a
&
legends are
in
is
is
of
The one published specimen this mint and date not de scribed.” Like No. 272 above, this coin reduced size, but the
As above.
above.
AR,
2.
Outer margin: Qur’ān, XXX, 3-4, ending with ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 26mm.; 2.43grm., (both specimens are fragmentary and one broken)
These and the succeeding
specimens
79
|
No. 1916.
[
183 Ties.,
to
a
to
oxidized, and appear have come from by Mr. Newell during Egypt. visit
of
is
specimens:
3.04grm.
a
2
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Newell Coll.). 26mm., 2.89grm. (frag. lacking)
ANs (ex
&
AR.
3-4, traces.
Misr are corroded and
hoard, probably acquired
R A R E
Misr. Year 244 A.H. =858/9 A.D. U-a &:V-9 3-4-13 &- *
-
Area
As above.
as above.
XXX,
-
XXX,
Qur’ān
ANs (ex Newell
22mm.,
2.90grm.
—"— All'.
J-ll
as
above.
specimens:
R.
-->
Outer margin
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 27mm., 27mm.; 2.88grm., 2.96grm.
lists but does not describe
dirham
Misr
of
Casanova
-
cruell
Coll.).
of
&
Misr. Year 249 A.H. =863/4 A.D. &:V's J-213 --~~
J-31
2
this
date.”
A.H. =864/5 A.D. &:V-3 &--> <- U-a 250
Area and outer margin
As above.
above.
ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 29mm., 28mm.; 2.87grm., 2.83grm. (frag. one specimen lacking)
of
specimens:
R.
Misr. Year
as
283-284.
2 184 No. 601.
[80
|
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281-282.
margin:
As above.
above.
&-
3-4.
25.5mm., 3.03grm.
--~~
AR.
Area
Outer
Coll.).
A.H. =861 A.D.
3:213 &as
&:
247
ANs (ex Newell
-
Misr. Year W*
280.
AR,
Outer margin: Qur’ān, 3-4, partly effaced.
a
279.
IS LA M I C CO I NS
‘ABB As ID
s
:
ILVER
Madinat Māh al-Kāfah. Year 251 A.H. =865 A.D. 3:ws s-- ~ **Q1 (sic) u
285.
3-2
margin:
Outer
Qur’ān
XXX,
3-4.
all
published specimen
Coll.).
21.5mm., 2.88grm.
of
AR.
3-5.) ANs (ex Wood
J
Jall
allu
to
to
be a
of
in
in
At
is,
A
this mint and date appears lack the evidently, written correctly.” word madinat and the word Māh this time and the region Māh al-Kufah the abu-Dulafids were issuing coins their own names, but this appears straight ‘Abbāsid issue."
dirham
Misr
of
(ex Newell Coll.). 22.5mm., 2.89grm. a
AR.
ANs
of
g.
as
As above.
above.
lists, but does not describe,
Casanova
this
date.”
Outer margin off the flan, lacking.
or
3-3
-
Makkah. Year 253 A.H. =867 A.D. ~~
5:V:
44
287.
all
&-l
Allu
a
is
in
photograph. PLATE IX
remarkable coin. Aside from the exceeding rarity Mecca,” the date (253), which unquestionable,
in of
**
from
is
struck
the plate
a
This
at is
smooth. The reproduction
is
of
is
AR
(billon?). ANs (ex Longworth Dames Coll.). 18.5mm., 3.77grm. The coin unusual fabric and worn quite
coins
con
=
p.
be
of
a
a
of
I
[81
}
I
of is
p.
(al-Mu'tazz)
the letter kaf off the flan, but believe there can little doubt about only three other ‘Abbāsid coins the mint. know Mecca: dinar dated 25x 47, No. 847); the Ermitage (Markov, dirham the year 289 (Berlin, of
top
the reading
in
*The
p.
Dorn, Nova Supplementa, Ties., No. 1952. 231, No. 312a 103; Vasmer, Dva Klada kuficheskikh Monet, pp. 46ff. Cf. Markov, 187 No. 608.
of
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Outer margin
. . .
Misr. Year 252 A.H. =866 A.D. &:V-3 &-->4 ~ U-a
286.
RARE
IS LA M I C CO I NS
junction with the name of the Caliph al-Musta'in, poses
Al-Musta'in was deposed in Shawwal,
252.
problem.
a
and was murdered on the 6th of possible explanations of the anomaly readily
Two
251
suggest themselves:
either an old reverse die was used, or else the mention of al-Musta'in's name is intentional and reflects an issue of
in view of al Musta'in's brief rule and of the rare mint, is not very likely. As for the latter I believe that the events of history provide us with the very facts we need to support, if not to prove, the correctness of the partisanship. The former
alternative, especially
suggested explanation.
In the year
251,
in consequence of disturbances
at Samarra,
al
forced by his cousin al-Mu'tazz to abdicate. According to the terms agreed upon by the two parties, al-Musta'in was guaranteed personal safety and the safety of his family, and he was to remove himself to Mecca, where he was to reside. Actually, according to the chronicles, he never reached Mecca, for he was prevented from going there, and,
Now it is not at
improbable that,
in
252, as stated above.
all
after a short visit at Wäsit, he was assassinated near Samarra late in
con
3
to
temporary capital. Such explanation coin
of
a
exile but pertinent
in
an
a
place Mecca was not simply argument would certainly
a
We may imagine that
Muharram, 252. his own account until them, and probably al-Musta'in himself,
in be of
did not announce
to on
he
at
in
formance with the abdication terms, al-Musta'in's partisans struck coins Mecca his name after his abdication, which incidentally
to
|
[
82
it
be that
a
as
of
dinar the year 325 (O. wrongly described is
a 289
by
g-_5
al-Musta'in's rights
242); and
specimen
dinar).
of
to
a
at
solve the riddle. Can
of
in
Z.
Adolf Erman für N., 1881, NC, 1902, 273, where the Berlin p.
1638;
loss
posthumous recognition
cf.
No.
Codrington,
still
p.
we have here
a
reach Mecca, one
is
it
of
is
to
252.
I
al-Musta'in's name
of
in
explain this post But how prepared humous issue 253? Unless one believe—which am not—that took more than two months for the news the murder struck
to
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Musta'in had found it necessary to leave that city and to establish himself at Baghdad where, in the last month of the year, he was
silv ER
‘ABB As ID
his supporters; or, alternatively, was this issue struck late in 252 in anticipation of the deposed Caliph's arrival at Mecca early in 253?”
J-3 J-->
255
&:V's
<-
J
A.H. =868/9 A.D.
J
sl-
Surra man-ra'a, Year
&
288.
--
AU
-->
JW
3-31) -->
5-all
5-31) ---
SJ Outer margin: Qur’ān XXX,
issue
of
an
the same mint and date,
&:V's
J-3
&V.
&
A.H. =871/2 A.D.
J
-
Surra man-ra'a, Year 258
U
Jia-
—"— All gle x-all
as
Outer margin
_*
size (and apparently
ANs.
21.5mm, 2.81grm.
in
AR.
above.
This dirham differs
by
*
in
the letters beneath the reverse) from two other published specimens." of at
of
p.
is
of
The story al-Musta'in's deposition and death recounted some length Mas‘ūdi (Murilj, VII, pp. 363-371; see especially 367 for the terms abdication). The official date of the end al-Musta'in's rule and of the commencement of that of al is
of
in
ZDMG, XXII,
288, No.
[83]
in
and the sources cited there. Ausgrabungen Arabischen Geldes Ties., No. 1994 (p. 306); Paris, No. 1029.
“Die jüngsten 32 =
of I.,
s.v. al-Musta'in
Tornberg, p.
140
J.
pp. 396ff.;
E.
II,
in
by
of
4
a
p.
VII,
of
dispute among the Arab historians themselves (cf. Mas'udi, been matter 368). The usually accepted date for the beginning al-Mu'tazz's reign Muharram, 252; but there are coins struck him 251: e.g., Paris, nos. 984-5; Berlin, question see: Tabari, III, pp. 1645ff.; Ibn Nos. 1517-8. For other accounts the events al-Athir, VII, pp. 76-7; Ibn-Khaldun, III, pp. 287-290; Weil, Geschichte der Chalifen,
Mu'tazz has
C.
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(ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 2.88grm.
Caliph al-Muhtadi.
the succeeding 289.
1972,
ANs
is
Tiesenhausen No.
of
AR.
3-4.
Schweden,”
-
RARE
-
3-3
INS
&
J
as above.
All gle -->ll
I
The only other specimen
ANs (ex Newell
have noted
is
Area and outer margin
291.
C O
Madinat al-Salām. Year 259 A.H. =872/3 A.D. &:V-9 f>J1 &-
AR.
290.
IS LA M I C
J-3
—#— All gle x-all
All G1 Ce3"|
AR.
as
above.
3:2 5-3 s--
(ex Newell Coll.). 25.5mm, 2.82grm.
A.H. =884/5 A.D.
~
292. Al-Basrah. Year 271
ANs
*-*.'
All gle x-all
U-U
331)
… above. AR.
as
Outer margin
33
J
U
4.
All
&
all
ANs. 26mm., 2.95grm.
PLATE
IX
of
abu-Ahmad Talhah, son al-Mutawakkil and during Caliphate virtual ruler the his brother al-Mu'tamid. His honorific, “al-Nasir li-din Allâh,” was given him after his victory 2
over the rebellious Zanj, whose leader was killed
on
of
is
Al-Muwaffaq
Safar, 270.”
of
of
108;
of I.,
Muraj, VIII,
E.
18; Mas'udi,
p.
1999.
No. 2062; Tabari, III, pp. 2098,
21
142 Cf. Ties.,
b.
is
of
A
141 Ties., No.
to
of
As for the title “He the Two Vizierates,” beneath the name the Caliph Makhlad, reverse, the the reference Sā'id Vizier complete published bearing al-Mu'tamid." list coins his title on
s.v. al-Mu'tamid.
1* Cf.
Ties., No. 2060; Tabari,
index;
Mas'udi,
[84
|
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24.5mm., 3.09grm.
not described."
Misr. Year 265 A.H. =878/9 A.D. J:V's J--> <- J-a
Outer margin
Coll.).
Murilj, VIII, pp. 39, 61-3. Zambaur
-
‘ABB As ID SILVER
Vasmer;" it does not include
may be found in an article by Richard this Basrah issue
Färs
293.
3:23
of the year
(?). Year
A.H. =886/7 A.D.
273
J-3 eit
271.
*- (*)-2\,
—"— All gle -->ll
(3).J1 G1 C***)
3:31
G.
-->
Outer margin: traces of Qur'ân 3-4. AR.
GCM. 21mm., 2.86grm.
is,
course, the heir apparent,
of
be
the name
al-Muwaffaq
Caliph
later the an
b.
of
is
of
I
is
as
If
interesting believe, Fārs, the coin al-Mu'tadid. the mint document, for there another issue the same year and mint, bear ing the names al-Layth and Muhammad the Saffārids, ‘Amru b.
‘Amru."
al
in
of
as
b.
of
gov al-Layth announced the deposition ‘Amru Khurāsān," official pronouncement which, however,
‘Amru was well entrenched."
circumstances,
to
No. 292
al-Muwaffaq.
Also
he
in
minute detail
Fårs und Hurāsān,” NZ, 1930,
de
Slane,
from Eastern History
85
|
Sketches
IV,
105, No.
324. (1892), pp. 198-9.
9,
2106; Ibn-Khallikân, transl.
[
III,
Cf. Theodor Nöldeke,
No. 14; Markov,
p.
149,
p.
p.
II,
1*Tabari, 147
this title
der Saffāriden und ihrer Gegner
Constantinople, No. 608; Tornberg, (No. 9a); Østrup, No. 759a.
another
p.
*
attributing
with
2.
*** “Úber die Münzen pp. 141-2, note
error (p. 7).
in
in
of
is
(Manuel, Table G, note 87) omits Sā'id from his list Viziers
took effect, since
the Saffārid coinage cited under in
his article
in
Vasmer
The confused
the coins, has been examined
on
particular reference
to
called for energetic and prolonged action before
it
an
ernor
of
Mu'tamid
in
at a
It of
of
proximate dates and the same area, are These coins, and others reflection the political situation central and southern Persia year the time. was Shawwal the 271 that the Caliph
by
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(on the reverse)
of
is,
of
Blurred letters make the reading the mint and problematical. neath the obverse somewhat Ahmad
b.
XXX,
and
IS LA M I C
R A R E
I NS
CO
I
of
an
say, the mint
of
as
Shirāz issues is
Saffārid." The present coin (if,
well
as
272, are
the same mint and date,
as
another coin
of
is,
is
all
above.” Tabari's and Ibn-al-Athir's accounts of ‘Amru's defeat at the hands of the abu-Dulafid Ahmad b. 'Abd al-'Aziz differ, the former placing the event on the 16th of Rabi I, 273, and the latter on the Ioth of Rabi I, 271. At events there ‘Abbāsid coin lacking ‘Amru's name—dated 272," although the Fārs mint—that Fārs)
is
A
is
of
another illustration the same “in-and-out” situation which quite understandably confused the historians. further example No. 295 below. <--
2)
&
3
.
.
3:
3:V:
.
Al-Rafiqah. Year 274 A.H. =887/8 A.D.
294,
*|Ju
AU
&
All gle x-all
C23A)
3.31
XXX,
Qur'ân
SJ
margin:
Outer
2
Ju
AR.
3-4 ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 4.98grm.
of
is
a
of
a
with
have not met
of
published dirham al-Rafiqah this date; there are, however, dinars, number both ‘Abbāsid and clearly ‘Abbāsid. Tülünid.” This issue
I
J-3
5:V3
A.H. =887/8 A.D.
-
Fārs. Year 274
295.
&2)
crew.
Outer margin
all AllW
ge. -->
33.1
25mm., 3.30grm. to
p.
to
of
NZ, 1930, pp. 141 pertinent coins up date, consult To bring Vasmer's corpus Linder-Welin, NNA, 1941, 114, containing the only important additions ff.
**
-->
above. AR. ANS.
Ulla
&
&
Allu
as sil
U-Ul
&
*U
all
S.
Vasmer's exhaustive compendium. ** Tornberg, ZDMG, XXII, 288, No. 39. 142, Nos. 30-32. Cf. Vasmer, op. cit., Rogers, The Coins 18, 151 E.g., Paris, Khedivial Library (cf. the Tülüni Dynasty, No. 38), University Museum Collection (all ‘Abbāsid); Paris, publ. by Cottevieille 35, No.
(Tülünid).
[86
|
Giraudet, RN, 1935,
2
p.
R.
of
T.
E.
p.
p.
*
p.
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All G1
“ABB As ID
SILVER
Here is another ‘Abbāsid dirham of Fārs, reflecting the vicissitudes of the Saffārid's career (cf. No. 293 above). It was in 274 A.H. (18th of Rabi I) that al-Muwaffaq himself led the army against ‘Amru b. al-Layth and drove him out of Färs and on to Kirmān and beyond to Sijistan.” Other specimens of this issue are known.” 296.
-
Madinat al-Salām. Year 274 A.H. =887/8 A.D.
3-3
&:V-9
& 2) Area and outer margin
*- f>J)
**** As above.
as above.
AR. ANS.
25.5mm., 4.42grm.
This specimen differs from one published by Tornberg,” in that it lacks the words at the sides of the obverse and reverse areas.
—"— all
-a
at
Word
Qur'ân
or
Outer margin: traces
letters
ef
bottom
faced.
3-4.
AR.
XXX,
&Valu
4JU
of
Allu
A.H. =889/90 A.D.
5")
J-3
3:V3
GCM
(Teheran, 1935). 26mm., 2.84grm. PLATE
IX
It
is
a
of
to
an
is
of
a
is
of
it
of
of
a
is
in
very curious coin, differing This remarkable manner from the known issue al-Shāsh the same year.” dated 276 and yet bears the name al-Mu'tadid who did not succeed the Caliphate until 279 A.H. Another dirham al-Shāsh, year 269, the hybrid, that presents this same anomaly." Either the coin
al-Mu'tadid before his succession. The first alternative
certainly
p.
of
|
21 =
[87
Ties., No. 2093.
=
p.
Tornberg, 102, No. 429, with the name al-Mu'tamid 1*Tornberg, Symbolae, IV, No. Ties., No. 2115.
al
un
p.
NNA,
p.
= cf.
p.
P.
*
in cf.
2113, Ibn-al-Athir, VII, 298; Vasmer, op. cit., 143. 48, No. 871; one uncatalogued Berlin; Linder-Welin, Vasmer, op. cit., 106, Nos. 1161-2; 143, No. 34. Ties., No. 2082. 100, No. 422 1*
*
p.
*** Tabari III, Markov,
is
of
on
or
of
a
of
old obverse die was used with reverse al-Mu'tadid's during his Caliphate (279-289 A.H.), else abu'l-‘Abbās Ahmad (son Muwaffaq, whose name appears the obverse) received the title
p.
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-~
Al-Shāsh. Year 276
(5'
297.
1941,
IS LA M I C
RAR E
CO
INS
somewhere
of
in
lie
it.
likely. The second seems the more plausible, although I fail to find However, the explanation must the historical evidence to support the abnormal state
reign: al-Muwaffaq,
affairs during al-Mu'tamid's
name. But what
in
27
in
it
of
in
later striking than that
the more serious anomaly
-
Shāsh,
with al-Mu'tamid's Tornberg's coin
of
of
issue presumably being
of
year that the change
least
the position usually reserved for argued that was during the course this allegiance the East was made, the present
in
might
of be
It
the Caliph.
at
officially recognized,
al-Mu'tadid's name appears
a
for
is
might say that this reality
of
on
as
as
in
of
as
No. 292 above, was effect the ruler, but al-Muwaffaq's years the last two life (he died Safar, 278), al-Mu'tadid became the virtual sovereign.” On the present issue, well the one 269 mentioned above, one noted under
the year 269?
900
-
Jia-
-a
AR.
Large central pellet. ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm., 3.47grm.
A.H. =900 A.D.
-
.
.
~
effaced. Year 287?
#3 &-
Ju
3:
(3)
—"—
XXX,
** Ju -a ce.
-
all 3.)
Mint
V3
299.
&
3-4.
Qur’ān
.
margin:
Outer
313-y\|
all
5:93 &-
ANs (ex Longworth Dames
Coll.). 24mm,
3-oogrm.
s.v.
al-Mu'tadid,
and the sources
88
is
The
IX
with coarse and semi-literate
date, aside from being badly worn,
cited there; Mas'udi, }
I.,
157
of
characters.
very crudely executed coin
[
a
This
is
PLATE
curiously
Murilj, VIII,
writ p.
AR.
No outer margin?
E.
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A.D.
=
Al-Ahwāz. Year 287 A.H.
298.
108.
‘ABB As ID SILVER
-
of the Caliph's name is turned backward somewhat like a cursive kaf, but I believe that it can only be al-Mu'tadid. Abu ten; and the dal
Ja'far and abu-Ibrāhim, whose names appear on the obverse and verse respectively,
a
of
publication
its
are unidentified.
of
ized issue, but the solution
The coin must be an unauthor political context must await the
with mint preserved.
specimen
Al-Ahwaz. Year 289 A.H. =901/2 A.D. 315°yu J:w: 3-#3 &*
-
margin:
Outer
all
XXX,
Qur’ān
JU -a
3-4.
AR. ANs.
all
300.
25mm., 4.75grm.
22
on
II,
to
of
This dirham must have been struck during the first four months the year, for al-Muktafi's succession the Caliphate occurred Rabi 289.”
3\""
#3 &-
&
&:V3
A.H. =902 A.D.
-
Isbahān. Year 289
301.
as
Outer margin
—"—
above.
·lú Giáil
been published but not
as
the Leggett Collection has
fully described.”
-
&: V-3 &:3 &-
Outer margin
la-l:
As above.
above.
AR. ANS.
*
al-Muktafi's
Lane-Poole,
Fasti Arabici
IV, NC,
I
of
struck 1886,
[89
al-Ahwäz
229.
in
dirhams
21.69.
at
are
have
al-Mu'tadid.
p.
*There No.
25mm., 2.97grm.
this date and mint which
|
noticed are issues
of
the published specimens
of
All
25mm., 2.32grm.
A.H. =902 A.D.
Wäsit. Year 289
302.
in
this year and mint
*
specimen
of
AR. ANS.
A
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re
the same year, e.g., Ties.,
RAR E
IS LA M I C
INS
C O
Al-Ahwaz. Year 290 A.H. =902/3 A.D. &:V-9 3-- ~ 313-y\| Outer margin
As above. AR.
as above.
specimen, probably similar,
is a
There
Al-Basrah. Year 290
J--
~
the British
As above.
above.
3-3
&:V-9
the British
Museum.”
A.H. =904/5 A.D.
3+-->
3.
AR. ANS.
25mm., 3.03grm.
indeed they are present
the Berlin Collec
the ornamental letters,
that coin.
- -2\, AR.
(ex Newell Coll.). 25.5mm., 3.88grm.
this issue which
197.
Fasti Arabici
IV, NC,
1886,
229; Allan, NC, 1919,
162o.
Ties., No. 2193.
[90
|
19,” No. 316
=
Fraehn, Recensio,
p.
1919,
p.
Allan, NC,
p.
written differently.”
161 Lane-Poole,
162 No.
ANs
the one published specimen
p.
noticed
of
The date
As above.
above.
I
4-0
of
3-3
J:ws
Outer margin
* *
note
IX
Arminiyah. Year 293 A.H. =905/6 A.D. as
306.
on
tion,” but Nützel did not make
this year
in
Dimishq
of
dirham
of
of
a
There
is
PLATE
if
al-Muktafi's name thus:
,
JCP; and the fa-ya
of
a
of
as
As above. Outer margin above. The qaf the word Dimishq terminates with floral flourish, thus
is
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-
Dimishq. Year 292
another
in
fully described, and there 305.
ANs. 26mm., 2.96grm.
the Leggett Collection has been published but not is
in
A
specimen
Museum.”
A.H. =902/3 A.D.
AR.
as
Outer margin
24mm., 3.07grm.
V
&: V-3
Coll.).
*
304.
ANs (ex Newell
in
303.
197.
have
‘ABB As ID sILvER
-
Süq al-Ahwaz. Year 294
307.
&:V's
J-3
Outer margin
&21
A.H. =906/7 A.D.
33
313-yl
As above.
as above.
AR. ANS.
There was scribed."
24mm., 3.49grm.
in the Leggett Collection, not fully de
a specimen
Al-Ahwaz. Year 295 A.H. =907/8 A.D. &: &-3 J--> <- 313-y\| V-3
308.
the Beirut Collection, not
as
date (late 3rd
ently
gall ge.
as
far
as
3-4,
as
XXX,
far
Margin: Qur'an IX, 33, appar
One marginal legend only: Qur’ān
fully described."
Hijrah?).
as
in
a
(ex Wood Coll.). 26.5mm, 2.98grm. (formerly ringed).
specimen
No Mint. No
309.
AR.
3ll. GCM
(Teheran, 1935). 12mm, o.87grm. (formerly ringed).
the end
of
place this minute fractional dirham
of at
PLATE
I
IX
the third
cen
Dimishq. Year 296
of
310.
to
the
It
Hijrah because epigraphy. might date the style anywhere from the middle third the early fourth century.
tury
of
&:W. Outer
J-3 --
margin:
Qur’ān
A.H. =908/9 A.D.
~
34.4
—#–
XXX,
3-4.
Allu
p.
Lane-Poole, Fasti Arabici IV, NC, 1886, Porter, NC, 1921, 324.
229.
[91
}
**
l-all
AR.ANs. 27mm., 2.86grm.
p.
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is
There
ANs
As above.
above.
c.
AR.
Outer margin
RAR E
Dimishq. Year 297
311.
3-3
J:V-9
Outer margin
&-
IS LA M I C CO INS
A.H. =909/10 A.D.
*
-
5:.
.
.
.
As above.
as above.
Large central pellet. 24mm., 3.04grm.
AR. ANS.
3-3
&:V-9
&
-
A.H. =909/10 A.D.
Wäsit. Year 297
312.
&-
la-l:
All
JW 5-all
cruel! 3:
J-31) --Outer margin
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 28.5mm., 3.21grm.
Lane-Poole
is
by
specimen published
not described.”
Al-Küfah. Year 298 A.H. =910/1 A.D.
5-3
3:V's
&V.
-
313.
as
Area and outer margin
#3%u
As above.
above.
A
specimen published
not described."
-
WW2.
As above.
above. ANs (ex Newell
Coll.).
is,
AR.
Area and outer margin
*
&-
27mm., 2.33grm.
A.H. =911/2 A.D.
as
. .
J
3:
.
Jannābā. Year 299 V.
314.
Lane-Poole
is
by
AR. ANS.
26mm., 2.89grm. PLATE IX
1919,
197.
[92
|
NC,
on
I
as
A
J.
162.
229. 122, spelled Jannabah. Cf. Le Strange, Lands, pp. 273-4. p.
Allan
in p.
II,
*Yāqüt, listed
Johnston's Cabinet,” NC, 1892,
p.
VII, “Mr. M. IV, NC, 1886,
166 Fasti Arabici 167 Fasti Arabici
p. C.
so
in
of
I
of
believe, the earliest known ‘Abbāsid issue This the very rare Jannābā, the important port mint Färs the Persian Gulf.” Earlier Saffārid issues are known, but far am aware the only
by
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A
AR.
as above.
specimen was
“ABB As ID s ILVER
recorded ‘Abbāsid specimens are dirhams of the years 304, 306 and
314."
~
&-
A.H. =912/3 A.D.
Ju
-a
Allan."
As above.
above. specimens:
of
GCM
the same mint and date
Shirāz. Year
*W* ~
300
31–24:
As above.
above.
AR.
Area and outer margin
Wäsit. Year
*W** 5-1
-
301
in
Lane-Poole.”
A.H. =913/4 A.D.
Ja-l:
As above.
above.
AR.
Area and outer margin
Specimens
ANs. 26mm., 2.90grm.
not fully described, was published
as
319.
specimen,
Collection."
the Beirut
A.H. =912/3 A.D. as
318.
ANs. 26.5mm., 2.90grm.;
(Teheran, 1936). 26mm., 2.70grm.
by
A
specimen
A
ANs. 27mm., 3.67grm.
the Ermitage and the Beirut Collections are not
fully
1905,
54, No. 22; Berlin, No. 1679. Zambaur's good a
of
the Saffārid and 197.
NC, 1921, 172 Fasti Arabici VII, NC, 325. 51, No. 939; Porter, NC, 1921, 178 Markov, 326. 93
]
[
p.
p.
p.
171 Porter,
1892,
p.
p.
in
be
to
is
of
for the identification the mint, together with list NZ, 1906, pp. 192-4. Büyid issues Jannābā, found 162; Allan, NC, 1919, 170 Lane-Poole, Fasti Arabici VII, NC, 1892, reasons
of
No. 1153; Zambaur, NZ,
p.
169 Paris,
summary
p.
described.”
of
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2
as
Area and margin
3
&M
by
A
and another
believe, the
the year 300 was published
R.
1892,
specimen
is,
very rare ‘Abbāsid mint, and this
-
*V
As above.
as above.
Al-Basrah. Year 300
316-317.
.
in
in
Lane-Poole
.
ANs (ex Wood Coll.). 26mm., 2.56grm. (frag. lacking) PLATE IX
known year.
earliest
. .
is
is a
AR.
Area and outer margin
Sinjär also
*
I
3-3
&:V-9
A.H. =91 1/2 A.D.
299
by of
Sinjär. Year
315.
162.
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R AR E
-
.
.
**
g.:)
A.H. =914/5 A.D.
302
Area and outer margin
313-yu
as above.
All
AR,
Ju 321.
Madinat al-Salām. Year as
Area and outer margin
ANS
2-call
o
(ex Newell Coll.). 25.5mm., 3.05grm.
A.H. =915/6 A.D.
303
above.
AU
AR.
Ju
313-yu as
arb'.
which, however,
probably similar
not fully described.”
Wäsit. Year 304
*u-s:
to
is
This specimen
(Teheran, 1936). 28mm., 1.8ogrm.
GCM
is
AR.
of
beneath
ba
(?)
As above.
above.
the Beirut Collection,
A.H. =916/7 A.D.
-
1-13. margin Area and outer above.
As above. AR.
as
821
one
in
821
Area and outer margin
323.
lack
Al-Ahwaz. Year 304 A.H. =916/7 A.D.
*u-l's Pellet
published varieties
differs from
2.91 grim.
-
322.
(ex Wood Coll.). 27mm,
ANs
Madinat al-Salām. Year f>|-J)
*W** --->
<-
324-326.
& 305
ANs. 29mm., 2.84grm.
A.H. =917/8 A.D.
Three specimens with the usual areas and outer margin, and differ ing only the following ornaments: *** Ties., Nos. 2246-7, Khedivial
Library,
No. 678; Porter, NC,
94
|
325.
[
p.
No. 759 (not described). *** Porter, NC, 1921,
1921,
p.
in
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This specimen pellets.”
--all of
.
its
Al-Ahwaz. Year
in
320.
326; Casanova,
‘ABB As ID sILVER
W
324.
©
325.
©
W
ANs. 26mm., 25mm., 25mm.; 2.98grm., 3.24grm., 3.13grm.
ornamental detail from
J-31)
Outer margin:
4.
cruel!
pub
—"—
3:
&
--
--
W
to
differ
Isbahān. Year 306 A.H. =918/9 A.D. *W*** ~ &W->\.
327.
2-call
XXX,
Qur’ān AR.
3-4. GCM
(Teheran, 1936). 28mm., 2.73grm. (frag. lacking)
Harrān. Year 306 A.H. =918/9 A.D. As above.
above.
specimen apparently similar
ANs (ex Newell and Wood Coll.). 27mm., 24mm.; 2.88grm., 4.03grm.
these
listed
by
specimens:
is
2
Area and outer margin
&l_*
R.
-- ~
to
*W**
as
328-329.
A
Zambaur."
p.
"Ties, Nos. 2258-9 (also 307); Paris, No. 1191; Berlin, Nos. 1729-30; Constantinople, No. 652; Casanova, Nos. 761-2 (not described). 1914,
120, No. 415.
95
J
NZ,
[
*77
p.
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These dirhams appear lished varieties."
in
AR.
326.
Q_7
IS LA M I
RARE 330. Shirāz. Year 306
C
CO I NS
A.H. =918/9 A.D. As above.
as above.
specimen
ANs. 26mm.,
the British
3.12grm.
Museum.”
Al-Küfah. Year 306 A.H. =918/9 A.D.
*%u
--
Area and outer margin
L.
W.
Clark (New York). 26mm., 2.91grm.
&
Year 306 A.H. =918/9 A.D.
f)(J
as
*W**
~
332. Madinat al-Salām.
As above.
above. AR.
Area and outer margin
as
--
~
*u-si
>
331.
above.
all
All
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 3.56grm.
is
is
In
by
all
AR.
C
2-all
probability this specimen identical with one published Bartholomaei, where the symbol beneath the reverse differently
in
terpreted."
:
A.H. =920/1 A.D.
Area and outer margin
Usu
as
3 Ju-
~
Antákiyah. Year 308
333.
above.
All
2-all
mentioned
by
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 3.60grm.
is
of
ANs
this mint and date
Bartholomaei,”
not described.
178 Allan, NC, 1919, 179 Ties., No. 2268.
197.
p.
F.
. . . a
Soret,” RNB, 1864, 331, footnote= Ties., No. 2904. lettre M. Bartholomaei's note must be “Amid al-Dawlah.
96
|
[
in
180 “Quatrième
“Amir ed-dauleh”
p.
but
specimen is
A
AR.
Ju
it
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this issue
in
of
is
There
a
AR.
Area and outer margin
‘ABB As ID SILVER
Al-Rafiqah. Year 308 A.H. =920/1 A.D.
-- *|Ju
Jus:
Area and outer margin
J
Surra man-ra'a, Year 309 <\.: &l. &
e--
ANs
A.H.
(ex Newell Coll.). 26mm., 2.76grm.
921/2 A.D.
As above.
*
9
335.
As above.
as above.
=
*W**
AR.
334.
©
as
specimen
(ex Wood Coll.). 25mm., 2.83grm.
ANs
listed but not described
-
as
As above.
J
above. by
listed
Zambaur."
A.H. =923/4 A.D.
-
gla-I.
As above.
above. AR.
Area and outer margin
this
.
311
*-* (5-
UM. 26.5mm., 3.81 grm. (pierced)
. .
Filastin. Year
*W**
to
specimen apparently similar
as
ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 2.68grm.
317, 320 and 322 No.
of
of
specimens
of
was aware
specimens
the years
264, 277,
only three other years,
A.H."
745.
[97
|
in
p.
p.
120, No. 416. *** NZ, 1914, 79, No. 436m, Berlin, Nos. 1709, 1822-3; Quarterly *** BM, ix, Antiquities Palestine, XIII, Nos. 3-4 (1948), pp. 124-5.
of
1*1
Nassar
IX
mint; before the
rare ‘Abbāsid dirham
of
and 323(?),
I
293
G.
recent publication
N.
excessively
by
an
Filastin
is
PLATE
the Department
of
A
AR.
as
Outer margin
is
cr'J
Ju
3.
&
. .
.
U+*
5-3.)
337.
Casanova."
Al-Rafiqah. Year 310 A.H. =922/3 A.D.
336.
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is
A
AR.
above. by
Outer margin
IS LA M I
R A R E
* (5-
None
of
Outer margin
INS
&
A.H. =923/4 A.D.
311
£3.J
As above.
as above.
(ex Greenwood Coll.). 26mm., 2.33grm.
ANs
the published varieties appears
to
*
AR.
*W**
have the pellet.
>
of
AR.
as
above.
There are two other specimens
:
the reverse, and the other
Madinat al-Salām. Year 313
-
Area and outer margin
as
3–4°
3
*W*:
44;
£3.1
above.
is
pellets
on
ANs. 25mm., 2.28grm.
this issue, but one lacks the
not described.”
A.H. =925/6 A.D. 4] 2-call
AR.
4.
Ju
(ex Newell Coll.). 27mm., 2.82grm.
ANs
this specimen differs from the known varieties.” Berlin, Nos. 1736-7; Constantinople, 333; Casanova, No. 769 (not described).
197;
p.
Berlin,
Nos. 1739-40; Constantinople, No. 661; 333; Casanova, Nos. 770-1 (not described).
[98
}
307);
Fasti Arabici VI, NC, 1887,
p.
Ties., Nos. 2312-13 (also
Lane-Poole,
p.
*
1
p.
307); Paris, No. *** Ties., No. 23oo (and No. 658; Lane-Poole, Fasti Arabici VI, NC, 1887, 185 Berlin, No. 1686; Porter, NC, 1921, 325.
p.
The reverse
of
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Outer margin
2-all
*UW
•:
&
cruel!
—"—
J-31) ---
340.
184
Al-Rafiqah. Year 313 A.H. =925/6 A.D. -e el: *- Asl_Ju 3
339.
-
Madinat al-Salām. Year
3:
338.
CO
C
‘ABB As ID
s
ILv ER
Süq al-Ahwaz. Year 314 A.H. =926/7 A.D. *W** 3–4° &-l * 313-yl
-
Area and outer margin
33
as above.
All
AR.
Ju
-
1.1%
821
above, but pellet above
—"—AR.
ANs. 25mm., 2.84grm.
Shirāz. Year
317
A.H. =929/30 A.D.
3_42
&-
*-
cruel!
As above.
Hamadhán. Year 315
4.oogrm., 2.66grm.
that mentioned
Tiesenhausen
A.H. =927/8 A.D.
J--> <- &l-e
As above.
above. GCM
(Teheran, 1935). 27mm., 2.30grm.
14 =
187 Ties., No. 2327; Berlin, No. 1771 (?); Zambaur, NZ, No. 787(?) (not described). Ties., No. 2918. 177, No. 188 NZ, 1871,
[99]
1905,
p.
AR.
Area and outer margin
as
*-*
ANs. 26mm., 25mm.;
by
These are doubtless similar the Murom find.”
2
AR.
above.
specimens:
*W**
the
jL:
to
Outer margin
345.
respect
-->
as
J-31)
(ringed)
3:1
*W**
&
343-344.
5-all
4JW
above.
This specimen differs from published varieties obverse pellet.”
p.
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Outer margin
as
ha of ilaha.
in
as
Area
A.H. =926/7 A.D.
in
*-*
*W**
(ex Newell Coll.). 24.5mm., 3.17grm.
-
Wäsit. Year 314
342.
ANs
2-call
of
341.
61, No. 36; Casanova,
R A
RE IS LA M I
CO I NS
C
‘Abbāsid dirhams of Hamadan are very rare. I know of only one other date in the fourth century of the Hijrah, 307." 346.
Antákiyah. Year 318
*W**
*
* Su-
Area and outer margin
:
A.H. =930 A.D.
~
\lau
As above. AR.
as above.
(ex Wood Coll.). 28mm., 3.48grm.
ANs
published
Bartholomaei
is
specimen
by
A
PLATE
X
not completely
de
scribed." Madinat al-Salām. Year 318
A.H. =930 A.D.
*W*:: 3–4° du:
<-->
*- f>J)
as
Area and outer margin
above.
all
on
one specimen as
a
on
of
this year lack the pellet pellet specimen has the obverse varieties
5-all
(ex Wood Coll.). 26mm., 4.18grm.
ANs
in
AR.
of
With the exception
Berlin, the published
the reverse; and the Berlin
well."
Ju
Horseman, helmeted,
5-all.
specimens:
R.
2
left; above,
coat
riding Lias
(?),
horse
J.
to
Siva,
in
of
A.D.). Nandi, sacred bull clining left; above,
re-
No mint. No date (Al-Muqtadir, 295-320 A.H. =908-932
348-349.
(ex Newell Coll.). 19mm., 19mm.;
ANs
4.05grm. (fitted for ring), 3.42grm.
This remarkable type has been discussed under No. 199, above, dinar the same design. The present specimens, both from the of
189 Berlin,
No.
1772.
100 Ties., No. 2350.
ix,
a
79, No. 446"; Berlin, Nos. 1748-9; Paris, No. 1204; Con 191 Ties., No. 2345; BM, stantinople, No. 669; Casanova, No. 774 (not described).
100
}
[
p.
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4JW
of
347.
-
‘ABB As ID
s
ILVER
of dies, appear to be from the identical dies used in striking the specimen in the National Museum in Damascus." same set
350.
Al-Basrah. Year
A.H. = 933 A.D.
321
*W** 3.4°3 &-- ~
margin:
-a J.
—"—
J-l
3-5.)
Outer
3
Qur’ān
XXX,
3-4. AR. ANS.
A 351.
single specimen, published by Fraehn, is fragmentary."
Al-Ahwaz. Year
*W*3 &J-23 Generated on 2015-10-15 10:10 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b687469 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
27mm., 2.74grm.
&
Area and outer margin
322 #1
-
A.H. =933/4 A.D. 313-y\| all
as above.
J3-2 --> Ju Laül
4J)
•l-vel
4J)
J
g’ will
&J J)
AR. ANs.
24mm., 3.Iogrm. PLATE
X
similar specimen was published by Soret," but with an incom plete description. The bibliography of comment on the extraordinary
A
which occurs on some other coins of al-Qāhir's as well, may be found in Tiesenhausen." The title refers to the execu tion of the famous general Mu'nis in the year 321; in recognition of the deed the Caliph called himself “He who avenges the religion of reverse legend,
Allāh upon the enemies of Allâh.” The historians word it somewhat 192 Émir Djafar Abdel-Kader, in Mélanges Syriens offerts à Monsieur (Paris, 1939), pl. I (opp. p. 4oo), No. 16.
René Dussaud,
I
198 Ties., No. 2368. 194 “Lettre à Fraehn,”
Mém. Soc. Imp. d'Archéologie, St. Petersbourg, 1851, No. 27 = Ties.,
No. 238o. 195 No. 2374.
[
101
|
IS LA M I
R A R E
C
CO I NS
differently, but they correctly record that al-Qāhir placed the ific upon his coins."
Al-Rafiqah. Year 323 A.H. =934/5 A.D. *u. . . . 4.e3 &l &Lü as above.
all
ANs (ex
Newell Coll.). 28mm., 3.39grm.
This specimen differs from two published ones ornament in the obverse area."
lacks the
3-Ja: As above. ANs
(ex Newell Coll.). 24mm.,
3.01
a
is
Halab also
I
a
dinars," and
know
few fulüs.
(S)-2
As above. AR.
Outer margin
~
above.
.
.
*W*3
exceedingly rare mint.
grm.
A.H. =934-940 A.D.
32x
.
(?). Year as
Halab
4.
354.
&
only four other dirhams," two
an
unique. Tarsus
is
This coin
is
PLATE
of
above. AR.
as
Outer margin
-
c.
4.23
-"
&
*W*3
that
A.H. =934/5 A.D.
Tarsus. Year 323
353.
gal)
in
AR.
Allu
X
Outer margin
it
352.
(ex Newell Coll.). 27.5mm., 3.35grm.
ANs
very rare ‘Abbāsid mint, although under later rulers
of
on
of
course among the commonest.
2.33
+3*)
p.
NC,
1887,
p.
II,
Matthes),
&
&
will 4W)
254:
clies
.<-J)
Mr. Newell.
199 308 A.H.; Johnston,
NC,
1899,
266; 313 A.H.: Berlin, No. 1646.
102
is
I
of
p.
326; 312 A.H.: Berlin, No. 1707: 3.1x A.H.: Berlin, 333. suspect that the present coin the same Schulman's auction catalogue March 30, 1914 (no. 1808), purchased
|
that listed
1921,
[
as
piece
‘l-el
Juynboll
(ed.
No. 464.
A.H.: Porter, NC, 333 A.H.: Lane-Poole,
(?)
in
1983oz
No. 1708;
&
J
J's
i,
ge 43
197 Ties., No. 2930, BM,
5
Ibn-Taghri-Birdi
Abu'l-Mahāsin
p.
196 E.g.,
&
is
it
is
is
it
The epigraphy the mint name somewhat obscure this specimen. The fact that this coin ‘Abbāsid, rather than Ikhshidid, would indicate that was struck
by
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honor
‘ABB As ID
s
ILVER
or between 327 and 329, for there were Ikhshi
between 322 and 324
did governors at Halab during the other years of al-Rădi's reign." I am not aware of any Ikhshidid coins of Aleppo, although there were issues struck by the Ikhshidids at Damascus and Tabariyah. 355.
Nisibin. Year 32x A.H. =934-940 A.D. *W*3 &L-23 . . . ~ 3:*:
&
Jail
As above. 3:
3-3) →l Outer margin
that apparently
940/1 A.D.
.
J
3:
. .
&
&
other Nisibin issues
abu'l-Fadl.
Al-Basrah. Year 32(9) A.H. *W*3 U-alu
23-all
(ex Newell Coll.). 25mm., 3.96grm.
all
ANs
=
is
al-Râdi lack the name
356.
J gril
above. AR.
(ex Newell Coll.). 24.5mm., 3.92grm. to
originally wrongly attributed al-Rădi, this specimen. The missing digit must the only year the third decade which
al
to
be 9,
2440,
of
because that year
is
Tiesenhausen no. apparently similar
ANs
in
Outer margin
as
3:31) -->
is
Muttaqi ruled.
&
Outer margin
:
3:
*-
Madinat al-Salām. Year 330
*W**
as
357.
X-J
A.H. =941/2 A.D.
above.
all
J)
•ll' gel
29.5mm., 2.93grm. PLATE
32.
103
]
Cf. Zambaur, Manuel,
[
200
X
AR. ANs.
p.
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unusual
4.
of
This dirham
of in
AR.
as above.
IS LA M I
C
The anomaly of al-Rădi's name on
a
R A R E
CO I NS coin of the year 330 must be
as an instance of the use of an old reverse die in striking al-Muttaqi's. a coin of
explained
A.H. =944 A.D.
Al-Rahbah. Year 323(sic)=333(?)
*W*3 &
-li
4.e3
Outer margin
-- *-Ju
as above.
AR.
All
all
Gill
(ex Newell Coll.). 27mm., 2.52grm.
ANs
in
a
is
an
mistake
al-Muttaqi's,
die-engraver
is
350.” Al-Rahbah
the year 322,
referred
Beirut,” and
probably the well-known place
to
the specimen
one dated
that name, be on
the foot-note above, one
the mint, al-Rahbah,
by
know only
of
exceedingly rare.
the coin
is
likely.” of I
is
else the
writing the decade. The latter alternative seems
Another remarkable feature which
or
reverse
in
the more
a
in
a
made
in
had taken possession
316
is of
a
the town
mint
in
the ‘Abbāsid reconquest
as
al-Rahbah
of it of in
brief, appearance
of
of
to
of
b.
or
Tawq, situated usually called Rahbat al-Shām Rahbat Mālik the right bank the Euphrates not far from Qarqisiya and al-Miyādin today. The sudden, and identified with the town 330
probably connected with from the Qarmatids, who
A.H.” of
an
of
is
of
1.,
of
104
|
E.
in
A
[
by
E.
p.
p.
p.
=
of
al-Rădi, has been pub 201 Another specimen this year and mint, but with the name lished: Tornberg, Symbolae IV, No. 45 Ties., No. 241o. 202 Porter, NC, 1921, 326. 208 Zambaur, NZ, 1922, 12. The location this specimen not indicated. 204 Ibn-al-Athir, VIII, 132. full description this locality, together with extensive bibliography, given Honigmann s.v. al-Rahba. is
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die was used with
of
Rabi
of
date
remarkable coin several respects. the first place the clearly written 323, but al-Muttaqi's rule did not begin until 329 A.H. Two explanations are possible: either old obverse
I, is
This
In
PLATE
X
358.
‘ABB As ID Antákiyah. Year
359.
*W*3
337
ILVER
A.H. =948/9 A.D.
&:3 &- ~ *:
Uait.
as above.
J
($)4]
AR.
Outer margin
s
&lal
Newell Coll.). 27mm., 4.42grm.
ANs (ex
***
of
is a
the very rare mint
A.H. =950/1 A.D.
*-
Antákiyah. Year 339(?)
of
is
low are the last known ‘Abbāsid issues Antioch.
(*).5:3 (8).J.-:
:
360.
is
poorly struck. The decade little doubtful but probably correctly read. This and the coin described immediately be
This dirham
usu
3-0) above. ANs (ex
Newell Coll.). 27mm., 4.46grm. PLATE
very crudely executed coin
X
AR.
as
Outer margin
clall
All
&: Ill
to
with respect
I
have some reference
the
Qur’ān,” of
coins except
on in
on
occurrence
to
later date." Might
significance. The phrase occurs its
not know
its it of
but
of
explanation do
no
is
to
is
a
is
both die-en enigmatically written, the digit graving and striking. The date appearing read “ninety” and the decade obscure. The legend be unusual, and can offer neath the obverse, “the Evident Truth,”
This
I
much the Shi'ite controversy some
which was particularly bitter during al-Muti's reign? XXIV, 25; XXVII, 81. Morocco, e.g., BM, Nos. 265ff. Since this was written, another contempo Sharifs my attention: on rary numismatic use Fātimid dinar al the phrase has come Candia, “Monnaies Fātimites du Musée du Bardo Mansrüriyah, 342 A.H. (J. Farrugia Fātimid Revue Tunisienne, 1948, no. 15). The implication (Premier Supplément)," inquiry. interesting field influence Antioch suggests
*
of
a
105
|
[
of
an
a
of
de
of
to
of
v,
205
at
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All
RARE
IS LA M I C
No mint. No date. Al-Nasir,
361.
Within
square,
double
CO I
575-622
NS
A.H. = 1180-1225 A.D. As obverse:
outer
beaded:
all
In
segments:
•-
Y
A.H.
1242
y
J)
J.
-
the coin =
A in Generated on 2015-10-15 10:10 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b687469 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
Museum.” The style
Madinat al-Salām. Year 640 Within square:
362.
4
(ex Newell Coll.). 15.5mm., 1.24grm.
ANs
somewhat similar fractional dirham with
the British
||
is
Ji
c.
Yl
a
||
segments:
is
4
.
AR.
.
of
. . .
|
In
AU)
dir
“ABB As ID
coPPER
C. COPPER”
With Names of Mints Adhanah Adhanah. Year 19x
y
Yl J1
A.H.
=806-815
A.D. &
J-e J)
J3-2 --> * >! U- J|
*3]
&3_* &
Margin:
** 5-3
~
J-M AE.
. . .
. . .
-->
"
J.
(ex Wood Coll.). 26mm., 5.8ogrm.
ANs
of
Adana
on
is a
the Sayhän,
today, the ancient Cilician
of
tă
Arab Adhanah
the
X
"Aöava on the River Saros, the Seleucid mint
Antiocheia
published," but initial errors
Soret have thrown later
In
have been
similar fulüs, probably from different dies, by
specimens
Several
of
at
In
fabric and style the coin resembles published coppers neighbouring from al-Massisah" and unpublished ones from the excavations Tarsus.
Sarum.”
of
in
in
p.
I,
Strange, Lands, 179 (cf. 344; Head, Historia Numorum, pp. 715-6. Miles, “Islamic Coins,” 20*. Cf. George
131); Pauly-Wissowa,
is
Real-Encyclopädie,
in
IV, Part One Antioch-on-the-Orontes, 1948), Nos. 150-151, pp. 111, 119. My statement on 119 with regard Soret's interesting should corrected the light the present positive identification. C.
to
is
It
of
in
be
107
|
[
=
at
as
at
Hârün struck al-Massisah (apparently), well Adhanah. 21, No. 29 Ties., No. 2463; Paris, Nos. 1643-4. Dorn (1856), p.
a
that Ahmad 209 Soret
b.
reading
p.
(Princeton,
as
I,
Le
are accurately reproduced.
*Yāqüt,
p.
ornaments
as
by
in
in
in
a
or
are
Numismatic unpublished
of
260 copper coins the ‘Abbāsids the Museum the Society, and an insignificant few the University Museum collection. Notable rare pieces among these, together with few from my own small following collection, are described apparently unique pages. the Some but only partially preserved specimens the ANS have been omitted. The arrangement this section alphabetical, mints. Common ornaments such stars are conventionalized; only unusual
There
American
approximately
a
of
in
***
he
an
he
of
scholars off the scent the correct attribution. the first place Soret thought could read the date 333, and developed quite erroneous imagina argument support reading. highly the Then saw
p.
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“new” mint. important the Turkish city
is
Adhanah
of It
PLATE
ad
363.
R A RE
IS LA M I C CO I NS
J-2
on the obverse. Tiesenhausen and Lavoix copied Soret's errors, the latter adding to the confusion by reading the name of the governor as Ahmad b. Marwān instead of Ahmad b. Hârün, which is perfectly clear on Soret's and the present specimens. Unfor tive als' l-all
I
have not been able to identify
Ahmad b. Hârün in the Arabic chronicles. ‘Amal, an unusual numismatic formula, must be the substantive tunately
form, for there is no bi before the mint name.
Arrán 364.
Arrán(?). Year Yl J| y
•-3
~
&L
184
A.H. =800 A.D. -->]
J)
*A*->ve
y
J3-2 AUl
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% Annulets:
oo
o
-** & Margin:
[oo]
** 5-3 AE. GCM.
&-l
<
19.5mm., 3.20grm.
The mint is obscure. The date, while somewhat obscure, is almost certainly correctly read, and the fals is therefore probably similar to one in Berlin where only the last two letters of the mint name are preserved.” I have not been able to identify the governor or prefect,
Ahmad b. Muhammad. Possibly he was that Ahmad b. Muhammad &_--J1, who was relieved as governor of the Yaman in the year 212.” 210 Berlin, 211
No. 2203. Ibn-al-Athir, VI, p. 287.
[
108
|
‘ABB As ID coPPER
Arrán. Year Yl
A.H. =808/9 A.D. crual
J)
J3-2 all
J-Me
Margin: ≤ J-M1
AE,
the governor, al-‘Abbās
.
2.89grm.
of
the same mint and year bearing the name
b.
of
There are dirhams
GCM. 20mm.,
.
J-5
*3
.
-
&l
[o]
Annulets:
oo
oo
>5
&
&_*
...A-e-Pa
Y
2-3 4
193
y
all
365.
Zufar (al-Hilāli).”
366.
Bukhārā. Year
160
g-> <>
*
A.H. =776/7 A.D. •0°
***
G3
J-4)
J3-2 All
A. Margin:
cull
V
>!
*
3-2 ×e
*J.
3:
. AE.
J-M1
-
** 3:-
** &
Ji
-->
lie
(sic)
Margin:
lie
J-M1
J-yl
J.We
ANs (ex Wood Coll.). 21mm., 1.48grm.
the prefect,
218 Ties.,
No. 906; Berlin, No.
21.32a.
[109
178. For
fals
of
der Statthalter von Armenien
131; Zambaur, Manuel,
. .
b.
Vasmer, “Chronologie
a
Cf.
p.
1549.
|
No.
p.
212 Ties.,
R.
be
It
or to
Fraehn, Tiesenhausen and Nützel left undeciphered. seems Qudayd (or Qadid, that the name must read ‘Abadah Monumenta Armenologica, 1927, see Zambaur, NZ, 1905, No. 64.
is
whose name me
pos .”,
the identity
in
of
raise the question
of
ously garbled obverse marginal legend the present specimen, well known.” My only reason for publishing the specimen here
is
on
This fals, without the double striking which produced the curi
to
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Bukhārā
the year 197,
RA RE
sibly Fudayk), but
I
IS LA M I C CO I NS
have been unable to trace any such
individual
in the chronicles.” The governor (abu-'Awn) ‘Abd al-Malik b. Yazid, is of course a well-known figure, adequately documented in written history and by his coins and glass weights.” Bardha'ah Bardha'ah. Year y! J1 y
A.H. =779/80 A.D.
**
J)
J3-2
J)
&_* Y
W r-
•J-a
Jel
U-1
V
ANs (ex Wood Coll.). 23mm., 2.84grm.
is
to
Ties, no. 2769 (cf. Ties, No. 726), where the crescent Similar under the reverse area not described. Tustar
J1
Yl
•ke-Pea
J3-2 all OOO
e
©
&_* Q
Y
A.H. =781/2 A.D.
J)
2-3
~
165
y
Tustar. Year
368.
Ji
Annulets: (apparently) oooooo ooo
U
know, the only fulüs
published. On the silver and the gold the name
of
I
as
far
the
110
!
1ssues,
[
the present
1657
=
13
and No.
Walker
list
of
p.
p. a
of
a
of
p.
is
of
name similar
to
full, Tustar min-al-Ahwaz.
*** There an unidentified governor Tabaristān with father's name: J.-M. Unvala, Numismatique du Tabaristān, (BM Cat. the Arab-Sassanian Coins), lxxx and 152. AGW, pp. 105-6, for summary Cf. his career and
*
J-5
(Teheran, 1936). 19mm., 3.16grm.
a
is
to
Tustar given mint
in
be
This and the following coin are,
so
AE,
GCM
c
Margin: --> J--> <J-M1 lia
*3
of
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Margin: *> U-yl
#23-2 AE.
&
1
** 3-3
&
lie -->
J-M1
Margin:
&
•-3
J
163
4
367.
his glass and copper
coPPER
“ABB As ID
Tustar. Year
369.
166
-
A.H. =782/3 A.D.
** 3:-
AE,
Similar in every respect to No. 368 above, except for the date GCM
(Teheran, 1936). 21mm., 3.08grm.
Jayy Madinat Jayy. Year
A.H. =774/5 A.D.
J|
AUl
there even less clear than
the hope that
3 *
.
known,” but here.
I
this fals
.
.
GCM
*
->
(s-all *-*.
Gle
Jel
u
J-31)
(*)3V-
(Teheran, 1935). 20mm., 5.1ogrm.
is
is
prefect
may elicit the publication
the name
the
publish this piece only of
is
on
it
I
have transcribed them
or
I
as
to
in
in
another specimen with the prefect's name more perfectly preserved. The only really uncertain letter the father's name the present example the next the last; feel fairly confident that the other letters are either the other
Kufic possibilities.
Halab
AU1
A.H. =755/6 A.D. -A-Pve
All J3-2
>
e-A-9
IX,
(ex Wood Coll.). 21mm., 3.67grm.
[
111
|
p.
*7BM,
No. 2137.
the British i,
in
ANs
is
AE.
** 3:3
similar fals, with mint effaced,
216 Berlin,
Qur'ân
~~
.
.
*
Margin: Part .
&\*
~
Margin:
33
All
138
of
Halab. Year
Yl Y
371.
A
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One other example
of
AE,
G-
it is
&V.
-
-->
-
J-3
---
lie
(ex Wood Coll.). 20.5mm., 2.92grm.
lished specimens this coin"; another specimen” not completely described.
three
pub
read 172
but
Al-Ramlah Al-Ramlah. Year 218 A.H. =833 A.D. y
J
J.]
y]
-->
el-y
J3-2
Chain border.
Margin:
All &
•l
e-A-0
|
374-375.
E.g., BM,
ix,
of
There are similar issues
al-Ramlah dated 217.”
p.
112
|
[
=
p.
u,
BM, ix,
p.
94, No. 9ok. 97, No. 127t, Constantinople, No. 771. 21, No. XXV Ties., No. 1165. 220 Castiglioni, Monete Cufiche, *** E.g., Berlin, Nos. 2211-12. 219
lie -->
ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 20mm., 21mm.; 2.30grm., 3.1ogrm. PLATE
*
J-M1
X
specimens:
E,
*JW 2
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The date has been read
ANs
-
-->
&
J-M1
** 3-3
lie
Margin:
o o o
Annulets:
oo
3.
o
©
•l
•-3 J)
e
J1
y!
172
y
Dimishq. Year
373.
(No. 374)
coPPER
“ABB As ID
Al-Rayy Al-Rayy. Year 129 A.H. =746/7 A.D. This variety of the issues of the ‘Abbāsid partisan ‘Abdullah b. Mu'awiyah has been published.” AE.
376.
> 3:
Ju
**
. . .
&
(sic)
V
Lal
All x2
Im.
&_*.
-
*3
Yl
-"
J.
-
le-
25mm., 4.44grm.
A.H. =746/7 A.D.
lie
J-M1
(sic)
129
Coll.).
4
Al-Rayy. Year
J.
377.
ANs (ex Wood
Double struck.
This
is a
AE.
ANs
to
The garbled date and inverse line are due
double-striking.
(K. Minassian).
21mm., 2.8ogrm.
new variety.” Süq al-Ahwaz
J)
J3-2
J)
---Y)
AE,
** (*).5-3 s-- ~ NHR, No.
(ex Newell Coll.).
36C.
113
]
Cf. NHR, Nos. 36B-D.
[
223
ANs
--> 313-yl
-:
J-M1
lie
Margin:
Border continuous (?) annulets outside double circle.
222
&
(*):-->)
J
&_*
-->ea
Y
2-3
-A->
y
J|
al-Ahwaz. Year 16(?)1 A.H. =777/8(?) A.D. y!
378. Süq
of
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Annulets:
?
Margin: traces.
33
22mm., 5.06grm.
IS LA M I C CO I NS
RAR E 379.
Süq al-Ahwaz. Year 16(2)8
A.H. =784/5(?) A.D.
yl J1 y
*A*-*
•-3
J3-2
J
J)
J)
&_* Y
• • *
380. Süq
of
prefect,
.
(?)b.
33-
313-yl
.
name
including
Traces,
.
c-
-
ÖV*
->
AE.
3:-3
lie
**
J-M1
Margin:
al-‘Abbās
. .
Margin:
~9
(ex Newell Coll.). 21mm, 2.58grm.
ANs
al-Ahwaz. Year 210 A.H. =825/6 A.D. -A-->ea
as
Area
above.
J3-2 Ornaments above and below, any, obliterated. margin, Traces
including
of
r-
ill
~
313-yl 455-
381. Süq al-Ahwaz.
Year 210
.
.
3.81
(3)3·x
. .
U--
(ex Newell Coll.). 23mm.,
[?...]3
.
.
ANs
.
.
oo
AE.
Annulets:
.
Inanne: o o o
J42
.
-
.
.
J-1
grm.
A.H. =825/6 A.D.
Area
as
*A*->ea
J3-2
above.
. .
32-
.
313-yl
•
Margin:
*%
-
X
AUl
Margin obliterated.
-->
[
AE.
Outer border clipped. ANs (ex Newell
114
|
&:
V-3
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Margin:
if
AV)
Coll.).
15mm., 1.7ogrm.
“ABBA's ID
coPPER
Tabaristān 382.
Tabaristán. Year Area as above.
A.H. = 767 A.D.
150
* >!
1
s-d
•A->ea -
(?)->
>
3
(*)-l. &
.
.
*
Margin:
J-8) lia
($) < J3
*3 J--> AE,
.
3-3) →l
4\e s- ge
Ju-J:
at
administration. Khālid for the latter part the
b.
in
unknown.
this mint. The about this time; of
is
C-:
As
to
is
the prefect,
at
time; but the words that follow, although they should cipherable,
be
is
an
obverse marginal legend, the phrase “fi-wilayat,” although obscure, can read and not unusual conventional inscription this be
easily
de
escape me.
Al-‘Abbāsiyah Al-‘Abbāsiyah. Year Area above.
173
A.H. =789/90 A.D. &
as
383.
-A-->ve
-->
** 3-3
All
.
J-M1
J3-2
Ji
-U-V
lie
Margin:
*~
C32
be
of
(ex Torrey Coll.). 21mm., 3.85grm.
unique.
210, No. 129.
115
J
BM,
ANs
the year 172 are
[
224 E.g.,
i,
issue appears
al-‘Abbāsiyah
to
Coppers
of
AE.
Margin: traces only.
p.
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of
I
two provinces were closely allied
Muhammad,
<-
J)
(Teheran, 1935). 21mm., 5.06grm.
GCM
am not familiar with any other copper coins Rayy style very similar that coins struck the
•-->
&
of
&
Margin:
at
-
V
common,” but this
RA
R E
IS LA M I C
CO
I NS
Ghazzah Ghazzah. Year 217 Area as above.
384-385.
A.H. =832 A.D. -A-Pve
Chain border.
J3-2 All
2 specimens:
E. ANs
& Margin: 53: J-M1
lie -->
5:V-9 3-,+
&
(ex Newell Coll.). 21mm., 19mm.; 2.82grm, 2.67grm.
PLATEX (No.
384)
225
This issue has been published,” but I believe that it has never been
The
straight edges where the coins were cut apart after removal from the mould are very apparent. The casting of copper coins in Syria and, apparently, Palestine, in the third century of the Hijrah appears to have been a common practice. A very large number of cast coppers were found
386.
in the excavations at Antioch.”
Ghazzah. Year 217
A.H. =832 A.D.
W
Similar to the above, but with
beneath the obverse area and
(apparently five) in the border outside the chain margin.
annulets
ANs
(ex Wood Coll.). 21mm., 2.64grm.
1948), Nos. 148-153, pp. 118-9.
116
|
Part One (Princeton,
in
3
of =
a
IV,
[
Orontes,
cf.
in
Karabacek, “Zur orientalischen Münzkunde,” Wiener Numismatische Monatshefte, Ties., No. 2849; Berlin, No. 2220 (“unbestimmter Prägeort"). 37, No. For discussion these cast coppers, see my “Islamic Coins,” Antioch-on-the
(1867),
p.
* *
AE.
Cast, like the above.
III
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remarked that these coins were cast, not struck from dies.
“ABB As ID
coPPER
Al-Küfah 387.
Al-Küfah. Year Yl J| y e-A-9
J
163
A.H. =779/80 A.D. %
Jl
•A-->ca
J3-2
&_* Y
Jl
• e
3 J. Margin:
Annulets: oo coo •
***
the year 163
4
as
V
***
al-Küfah are known,” but not lacking
165
A.H. =781/2 A.D.
y
-A->
J)
&_*
-
Jal
(ex Torrey Coll.). 20mm., 2.68grm.
J3-2 All
y
J1
•-3
3-3 +
4
here.
Al-Küfah. Year y!
388.
ANs
ANs
Ishāq (b. al-Sabbah al-Kindi), governor
al-Küfah,”
on fulüs the year 163,” but this the first specimen 165 bearing his name that have met with. is
I
205, No. 113. 43.
117
|
Ties., No. 947.
[
** E.g.,
p.
p.
BM,
i,
227 E.g.,
22*. Cf. Zambaur, Manuel,
w.
*3%u
(ex Newell Coll.). 20mm., 2.34grm.
of
AE,
** 3-3
*-āl J-->
<
~
<-
-
3-34
*l
Margin:
oooo
of is
oo
32-l Annulets:
of
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the “hundred”
at
Fulüs
of
AE.
(sic)
s-all
known
the year
R A
Al-Küfah. Year
389.
Area
RE
195
IS LA M I C CO INS
A.H. =810/1 A.D.
~
as above.
Chain border interrupted by
J3-J
ee e
AU)
W J-31
AE.
*3%u
ANs
Margin:
V
-> --> * >!
** 3:- 3 J-> <
(ex Wood Coll.). 19mm., 2.75grm.
in
to
the ornaments above and This specimen differs, with respect the Istanbul Museum.” beneath the reverse, from that
Area
as
=8th
above.
J3-2 AUl
J -
V-
. .
.
A.D.
--->va
Margin: [L]el
c.
H.
c.
Māh al-Küfah. Date effaced. 2nd
390.
(*):
other coppers
of
no
know
of
AE,
ANs
J-M
.
. .
.33%) •u:
. .
Margin:
I
(ex Torrey Coll.). 20mm., 3.09grm.
this mint.
Al-Muhammadiyah Al-Muhammadiyah.
Year
185
A.H. =801 A.D.
This particular variety, with al-Harib my
*
al-Harith, has been pub
NHR.”
AE,
lished
or
391.
in
Constantinople, 86E.
GCM
No. 779.
118
}
231 No.
[
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Māh al-Küfah
(Teheran, 1935). 23mm, 2.97grm.
‘ABB As ID coPPER
Misr Misr. Year 25[9?]=87[2/3?] A.D.
392-393.
y
•-3
all
J)
*A*-Pea
J3-2
©
•l
el-A
y
J.]
Ornament?
y]
©
©
o
all -Kyl
.
of b.
of a
to
read the
dismiss this
here, for the date, unfortunately not clear
its
any further evidence were needed
Ahmad
number Arabic figures
undertook to
him
he
published
.
E.
on
certain coppers some length
in
ment
is
262.” it
date
one specimen
by
and
have been discussed
e
the reverse area are similar
the past. Zambaur argued that they were
If
on
scholars
in
Tülün which
at
if
to,
at
The curious symbols the bottom not identical with, the symbols
argu
entirety to
of
it
Zambaur's acceptance Nützel's refuta longtemps qu'on pas tion?): “aussi nous fournira une meilleure explication, simple faut voir dans ces signes ornement.” by
do
Tülün
as
Ahmad
date(?)
the related
to
and mint, not bear the name coins referred above.
b.
note that the present coins, Tülünid
of
to
interest
do
of
is
il
un
ne
is
Nützel's statement (or
I
of
is
in
in
but almost certainly 259, written out conventional fashion the margin. As for the significance the symbols can add nothing
It
p.
119
|
[
*
he
be
to
232 NZ, 1905, pp. 74-77, No. 70. The other significant references are found there. publishes Karabacek's cogent refutation. 194, No. 70, where Cf. Zambaur, NZ, 1906, NZ, 1906, 195.
p.
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Coll.).
(*)
largely effaced): ANs (ex Newell 19mm., 20mm.; 2.24grm., 1.87grm.
by
specimens
of
(1
2
&:W.
-->
.
]
J.--
. .
.
*
L-a-.
lie
Margin:
Chain border.
IS LA M I C CO I NS
R A RE
Al-Mawsil Al-Mawsil. No date (ca. Within square: Yl
145
A.H. =762/3 A.D.). Within square: *A*-*
y
Around:
Around: o
L-yl 5-3.)
(ex Wood Coll.).
ANs
o
o O
J-3'
AE,
o
Ji]*
ge
s-
ot'',
V
J)
[…]
&
e-A-9
Jel
J3-2
o
&
o
#3
all
&
all
394.
22mm., 3.44grm.
I
to
of
on
b.
the specimens
cited.
Lavoix assigns the
b.
on
b.
of
on
the Umayyad period the basis two alternative identifi Mu'awiyah. Al-Haytham Mu'awiyah, which al-Walid
of
cations
Mu'awiyah
undoubtedly the person the present coin, that name who was governor Ta'if and Mecca from 141 A.H.," governor 143 and who later turns Basrah 155 and
to
judge
by
in
of
the governor,
to
of
156." As for the name
as
up
of
is
sufficiently clear
by is
the style, the
undoubtedly the Caliph al-Mansur's son Ja'far, question Ja'far governor Mosul 145-146 A.H.” Hence believe this fals dated approximately 145.
ANs
be
(ex Wood Coll.). 28mm., 10.63grm.
}
[
cf.
120
--
3:
.
.
Ji .
*l
J-31.
Cf. Ties., Nos. 2641-2, Paris, No. 1513, etc. Ibn-al-Athir, pp. 387, 389; Zambaur, Manuel, V,
**
&-
4
All Margin: [$Jia-] U-yl Jel V. All J-31 AE.
~3
~
lie -->
to
J3-2
p.
J|
&_2
*A*-*
Margin: J-M1
is
I
32-l
J| y
~
•-3
A.H. =773/4 A.D.
157
y
Al-Mawsil. Year y!
395.
in
of
is
in
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coins
to
al-Walid
as
on
I
A
of
Mosul fulüs this general type have been pub lished,” but find none exactly similar suspect that the this. prefect's name some specimens has been misread, for example number
20.
‘ABB As ID coPPER
This fals is perhaps similar to one with date obscure (15x) in the Bibliothèque Nationale.” Nihâwand Nihâwand. Year
154
A.H. =770/1 A.D.
%
* >!
%
Annulets: oo
Margin:
o oo o oo o
*** AE.
J-M1 u- ~3
->
J-5 &-
<
ANs (ex Wood Coll.). 21mm., 2.38grm.
at
published,” with the curious word the end margin the reverse read u... The letters before the final alif (jim, mim; perhaps clearly etc.), are and either qāf (or fa) issue has been
the
excess space
4
Similar
to
Madinat Nihâwand. Year
397-400.
Berlin, Nos.
186
by
pious expression in
fill
a
“truly, verily,” up
G-," to
is
the word die-engraver
or
hā
as
of
This
used
the
the margin.
A.H. =802 A.D.
2191-2.
specimens: ANs (ex Newell Coll.). 26-27mm.; 8.20, 5.97, 6.92, 7.oogrm.
PLATEX (No.
397)
the mint are
40. Al-Haytham
is
Zambaur, Manuel,
p.
6;
cf.
36
2,
4
and
mentioned
Baghdad dirham
omitted, perhaps inadvertently,
later date.
121
}
[
241 Paris, No. 1553.
in
is
scription. 289 Ties., No. 835. 240 Cf. Ties., No. 1742,
of
Cf. Zambaur, Manuel, and table Paris, No. 1632. The word “al-amir”
G.
167.
a
287
p.
Ibn-al-Athir, VI, pp.
II,
* *
by Yâqüt,
the name
believe, indisputable.
p.
I
crowded but,
nun and dal
of
wand.” The wau,
in
to
in
to
publish these only confirm the reading the Berlin catalogue point out Lavoix's erroneous reading “Amid” for “Nihā and
I
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ca"
(s-" oOO
>k
-
&_* Y
•-
J
V
~ &-til 3-3) →l & J--
Yl J1 y All
lie
396.
the
tran
RAR E
IS LA M I C CO I NS Hamadhán
171
A.H. =787/8 A.D.
J
•-3
J-31)
Y
*J) -->
AE.
of
.
(5-
-
UM. 21mm., 8.32grm.
coin,” but Lane
this
interpret the word beneath the reverse area.
of
Poole did not attempt
to
The British Museum has two specimens
. .
J-3
*3
J.
&l-e J-M1
"
Margin:
o
co
o
Annulets: oo
oo
3_^y) o
4
&_* #
[ö3)]*
lie
Yl
Year
y
all
401. Hamadhán.
this word are distinct and well-preserved, but there are (theoretically) exactly thirty possible readings the combination depending upon reading Kufic letters, the the last three letters
of
the word (there being ten acceptable interpretations
of
of of
these
let
at
all
I
ters). Among these theoretical possibilities there are, believe, only likely—al-abrad, al-abrak, and al-abradh (for the three that are
in
by
no
is
I
to
us
Persian title abrāz). This does not bring much closer the solu tion, for find one suitable such names the chronicles. probably the most likely. Al-Abrad
A.H. =815/6 A.D. &-'
ANs
&
--> ]
. . .
(ex Newell Coll.). 19mm., 4.36grm.
122
|
213, No. 136 (imperfectly preserved), and BM, ix,
[
*** BM,
p.
PLATE 98, No. 133P.
X
AE
.
[
&-
.
3-3)
4
G-J)
£3
u
→--
*
.
.
cale
4) J3-2 --> >yl Jal
r-
*ll
&:
V
•
*
>
Margin:
.
&_*
\
~
•-3 J)
.
J1
200
y
[Madinat Hamadhán]. Year y1
402.
i, p.
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of
The letters
‘ABB As ID coPPER
The obliterated mint on this fals can easily be reconstructed from
of
As
,
,
,
,
,
as
for the
did not leave sufficient room)
an
in in
Husayn, and that the individual al-Rustami, influential soldier
question
al-Husayn
al
little doubt but that the first name is
(for which
the die-engraver
etc.”
b.
I
think there can
2.3%
is
governor,
be
has been variously read
reverse)
at
be
(if
two published specimens of the same coin.” I publish the present specimen only to discuss the identity of the governor and prefect. The missing prefect's name such the word the bottom the
'Umar
al-Jibal during the struggle
be
for his services
being appointed governor
of
by
as a
in
tween al-Amin and al-Ma'mun the years 194-196 A.H." The coin now demonstrates that mawla of al-Ma'mun he was rewarded Hamadhān.
Al-Yaman Al-Yaman. Year 157 A.H. =773/4 A.D. The inscriptions roughly the center obverse and reverse are of
in
a
hole bored through the coin.
J1
y
.
.
.
J-M
Margin: Traces
~~3 &-
only preserved.
the following year,
158.
22mm., 2.12grm.
to
al-Yaman are known The piercing curious. is
coppers
of
Two other ‘Abbāsid in
IX,
33. AE, ANS.
dated
Qur’ān,
me,” both
It
Annulets:
oo . .
.
3:
V.
J
--
Margin:
&_*
Y
AU)
e-A-5
of
by
y!
obliterated
does not
No.
143d,
also Berlin,
of
is
It
so
99,
cf.
Ties., No. 1712; BM,
e,
2*
with mint
ix, p.
as
an
as
seem likely that this humble copper coin was pierced for wearing frequently are. ornament silver and gold coins in No. 2219, another specimen
effaced.
237.
123
]
[
y.
p.
p.
852-3. Cf. Ibn-Khaldun, III, 95, Nos. 98*, 246 BM, ix,
in
in
p.
is
&
I,
in
of
p.
a
of
of
Tayfür, client al-Hādi, governor was Isbahān 169 A.H. (Ibn-al-Athir, al-Mansur, who died 64). Cf. Tayfür, client 186 (Ties., No. 812, with reference Ibn-Taghri-Birdi [ed. Juynboll Matthes], 523). misspelled, but corrected 244a Tabari, III, pp. 778, 8oo (where the name the addenda), 244 There
VI, to
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403.
IS LA M I
R A R E
C
CO I
NS
terest to note that one of the British Museum specimens
is
twice
pierced, not in the center but near the periphery.
Mint Names Lacking or Effaced No mint. No date. % •".
404.
©
J-yl
•
&
&-N
©
&"
cle
?-->
% Margin: U-yl 4.
. .
. .
All
. AE,
.
Margin:
J.-
. . . y1
y
J1
(ex Newell Coll.). 19mm., 3.30grm.
ANs
to
The officials
question are almost
those whose names appear
specimens:
In
>k C:
Nos. 405-6
gle
"I
5-4
c.
J ANs
center:
J3-2
(ex Brand Coll.). 15mm., 13.5mm.; 1.65grm.,
PLATEX (No.
2545-6; Paris, No. 1671. 102-3, where his Egyptian career
Cf. AGW, pp.
124
J
[
*
summarized.
as
the same issue
is
above. These specimens are surely
of
The officials Mahmud and Salih are unidentified. 246 Ties., Nos.
*
Margin:
square:
-
*$
»l
.
form
E,
2
. .
Around,
in
#
C:
***
record unknown Mahmud, which the phrase
was.
we have
No mint. No date.
V- of
405-406.
as
certainly the same ones below.
'Ali,” but
on
he
as a
'ala yaday indicates that
Salih
in
hazard the guess that Salih prefect under him
identify the officials. One might no
loss
to
am still
at an is a
I
is
so,
large heavy characters
X
published specimens.” The style, the areas, seems me Egyptian, b.
this
variant
in of
but
if
its
is
apparently
with
of
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This
a
PLATE
See
--> 1.61 grm.
405)
No.
404
that published
“ABB As ID
coPPER
by Soret,” and attributed to abu-Ja'far Ashinäs.
I think there
doubt but that Soret's reading “Achnas” is
misreading of
a
mi’llah.”
•-[2-3
(continuing
in): gin)
the
Margin:
*I
J1] yl J1 y mar-
s-
Center
in): gin)
>
--> G3
(continuing the mar $1]
*J
&
J-1]*)
Gle
C
#
Center
Margin:
|
J% All
4
>y
“bis
A.H. =773-776 A.D.).
date. (ca. 157-159
lie
No mint [Misr]. No
407.
is little
(ex Newell Coll.). 20mm. (thickness 3.5mm.), 8.26grm.
known," attributed
Qinnasrin, but
I
this issue are
to
of
Varieties
No mint
name
on
doubt that the mint name has been read correctly.
Qinnasrin legible the Paris specimen, which illustrated. Lavoix must simply have followed Tiesenhausen's error, others sources, some whom must have read Qinnasrin is
present here, nor
in in
in
is
style and fabric
typically Egyptian The coin exceptionally thick), and Matar served
the mint.
is
of
mention
(it
making
no
of
is
Egypt. effaced. Year 151 A.H. =768 A.D. margin Outer within outer linOuter margin within linear circle: pellets, ear circle and circle
:
y p.
J1
J1
yl
. .
J!
.
Inner margin:
(*)--all
4
J-31 U
within border
Ji
*
Inner margin
Jel
.
5-3
. .
.
&
oo :
-->
.
**
~ &-'ll
-
J-M1
lie
. . .
-
5-
annulets,
.
of
by
interrupted
V.
Mint
408.
():
[
125
|
p.
249
in
to
37 =
à
26, No. Ties., No. 2568. Dorn (1856), AGW, would therefore delete my reference these coins 135. AGW, Ties., 2626, Paris, my pp. 118, 124, for Matar's glass weights. 250 No. No. 1601. Cf.
248 Soret
I
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PLATE
is
ANs
X
AE,
O
R A
RE IS LA M I C
by roughly
Center obliterated
CO
I NS
Center obliterated by hole.
AE,
square hole. (ex Valentine Coll.). 25mm., 4.96grm.
ANs
it
is
is
this very curious piece worn just barely possible that might al-Sughd, but
the mint name
quite smooth. given the condition
It
X
be
Unfortunately
of
PLATE
be
is
of
is
at
of
of
at
of
this point any reading must highly problematical. The flan shows the characteristics casting, opposite sides that there are straight edges the periphery where the piece was cut off. The arrangement the legends un the legend
a
of
I
a
conventional, and the borders, especially the reverse inner border, are atypical. believe everything points toward Central Asiatic help explain provenance mint.” Such would the later piercing
in
it
a
as a
square hole:
126
|
[
252 Cf. Nos. 384-5 above.
coinage and
the issues
of
in
the Bukhāran
Ilek-Khāns.
of
Compare the unconventionalities
of
*
a
is
Asiatic origin, although this not firm argument for there are Syria and Palestine cast flans the ‘Abbāsid period.”
in
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times
a
subsequent was probably used Chinese “cash.” The cast flan might also indicate Central
the coin with
the
AND TITLES (-ex] 3.
&
-->l
&
85-7
3:)
23-all
Ju
5211
107
&3-A 117,
74,
73
->
72,
G2-l
120
Liey)
J-yl
5-31) --Ö-y) 62-3,
J-y J- -
118, 122
>>
122
6o
J.-Jia
39-40, 52, 62-3, 83, Ioo
*Ji
G-J)
-->
. . .
G3
eV->
62
3.
5-3) →l
-->
115
71
59 AU1
g-yl ->J1
--
63
66
J
127
5-31)
3: A
122
[
122
Ji
&
3-3) →l
63
120
*J)
y)
3-y
3
J-31
62-3
Gle
~)
10
66
83,
81,
74,
64,
106,
J-el (V-y
106
59, 62-4, 71, 109-10, 113, 120, 122, 124
60,
38-9,
41,
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64-6,
2
-->
g.
-->
& &
Io8
-Wi
&
103
Jall
69
3-3) →l 5-3) →l
×l
J1
& &
5-31)
of
53, 53,
78-9 193
cruel!
3:
3-3) →l
46-52, 92-100
?:)
Jia-
88
3:
88
3:
I C N A MES
2
B
+
A RA
&
IND EX OF
als -ālā (als
*/ 4-law)
als'
R AR E
IS LA M I C
NS
CO I 64-5
5-31)
--! -->
* >]
ge_l1
+ 1301
60
*
60
g->
58
s-all &l=0)
61
&3_* *-isol 65 33le
&
53,
3-0-J
84
…/133
33
G-Ul
"V.
1923
3-1-1]
Gle
*J)
G3 U.J.
61, 115
C3
&-l *_*
65
121
cle Laul
-l J-31
3
-
&
-->
Ji J1
J.
--> -->
-e
& &
&
401
64
5-ke
-->
J
& &
74 74 |
[
128
are
"-"
s--J
s”
-->
cull --> cull -->
"J. 109
cruell
c=ley)
33-,
3)
31
**
&
31 109
cru-Ji
& A." &
72 74
66, 83
->
113
~3:l.
->
&-3) →l
33-ul twyl
123
& &
7o
33
AU-2)]
J
75,
80
38,
&-341 -->l 109
74
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34
clall
I24
.
77
→e
G-3
&
Gle
&
&
*
4. . . .
122
g
7
111 &W.
“J1
22.2
-->
IND
E
X OF A R A
B
I
C NA
M
E
AN
S
-" &l &
7"
IT
T
D
L E
S
& ge
& G-3
Gle
52 & 3.01
-->
73
ÖV-à
g-ku
53,
11,
69
Jaill Jaúl
64–6
J.
101
×
74
123
*-i-
33-ul
J1
33-ul
J
--
3:31)
-e
J-Il
Ye
72
66,
J
&
64
&-3) →l
33-ul &l=ll
3-3. L-l 71
74
646,
--> 33-ul
G3 33-ul
J1
78-80
ul
Gill J33:ll
Gle
9
37,
1034
-->
&
&
124
--
37, 36,
83
81,
79-80
J-31)
--
76.7
41,
84-6
46-52,
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12-5,
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Tabaristān Tabariyah
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INDEX OF PERSONS (mentioned in historical commentary)
(or Qadid, or Fudayk), abu'l-‘Abbās Ahmad, 87 al-‘Abbās b. Amir al-Mu'minin, 75 “Abadah
b. Qudayd
al-‘Abbās b. al-Ma'mun, al-‘Abbās b.
75
Zufar (al-Hilāli),
109
‘Abd al-A'la b. Ahmad, 75 ‘Abd al-Malik b. Marwān b. Müsa, ‘Abd al-Malik b. Yazid, IIo
31
‘Abd al-Rahmān b. Khāqān, 75 ‘Abdullāh,
14
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‘Abdullah b. 'Amir, 4 ‘Abdullah b. Kházim, 5-6, Io ‘Abdullah
b. Mu'awiyah,
113
‘Abdullah b. al-Mu'tazz, 39 ‘Abdullāh Shāh,
12
‘Abdullah b. Táhir, 67-8 ‘Abdullah b. Zubayr, 4 al-Abrad,
122
Ahmad b. 'Abd al-'Aziz, 86 Ahmad b. Hârün, 107-8 Ahmad b. Marwān, 108 Ahmad b. Muhammad,
108
Ahmad b. al-Muwaffaq, 85, 87 abu-Ahmad Talhah, 84 Ahmad b. Tülün, 40, 119 Ahmad b. Yahya b. Rabi', 60 ‘Ali b. 'Abdullāh al-Sufyani, 67 abu-Ali al-Husayn b. al-Qāsim, 52
‘Ali al-Rida, 71 ‘Ali Sulaymān, Io ‘Ali b. Sulaymān,
10
[
134
|
109-10
I N DE X OF
P E R S O N S
‘Amid al-Dawlah, 52, 96 al-Amin, 10, 123 ‘Amru b. al-Layth, 85-7 al-Asfar,
70
'Atiyah b. al-Aswad, 8 Atrib
b.
Misr b. Baysar b. Häm b. Nüh, 32
abu-'Awn,
IIo
A'yan b. Harthamah, 73 abu-Bayhas al-Haysam b. Jābir, 67 Bilāl b. al-Härith, 21 Büyids, 93
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al-Dahhāk, 33 Dhü’l-Ri'āsatayn,
71
Dhu’l-Yaminayn, 70 abu-Dulafids, 45, 86
al-Fadl,
11
abu'l-Fadl,
103
al-Fadl b. Sulaymān, 12 al-Fadl b. Yahya, 10-12 Fātimids,
105
Ghassān b. ‘Abbād b. abi'l-Faraj, 73
al-Hadi, 123 Hadrian, 32 al-Hajjāj b. Yüsuf, 8, 67 al-Hakam b. Sinān, 63 Hammâd (al-Barbari), 62 Häni, 14 abu-Harb al-Mubarqa’, 68 al-Harib, 118 al-Harith,
118
[
135
|
RA
R E
LS
L
MI
A
C
CO
Harthamah b. Ā’yan, 63, 73 Hârün b. Khumârawaih, 42 al-Hasan b. Sahl, 73 al-Haytham b. Mu'awiyah,
I,
Heraclius
120
17
Hülägü, 56 al-Husayn b. 'Umar al-Rustami, 123 abu'l-Husayn al-Qāsim b. 'Ubaydullāh, Ibn-Bayhas, 67-9, 72 abu-Ibrāhim, 89 Ikhshidids,
102-3
Ilek-Khāns,
126
Ja'far,
al-Kindi,
117
12
abu-Ja'far, 89 abu-Ja'far Ashinäs,
125
Ja'far b. al-Mansur, 120 Ja'far b. Muhammad, 12 13
II,
Khālid b. Muhammad,
al-Mahdi,
1-3
al-Mahdi al-Fadl li'lláh, Mahmud, 124 al-Ma'mun, 68, 70, 75,
123
125
136
|
Bayhas, 67-9,
72
Muhammad
'Amru,
[
Muhammad
abi-Sufrah,
8
al-Muhallab
b. b. b.
Muflih al-Yüsufi,
50
Matar,
9
Khusrau
115
85
Jarir,
6o
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Ishāq b. al-Sabbah
43
INS
I N DE
OF
X
P E R S
ON
S
Hârün al-Rashid, 68 Muhammad b. Salih al-'Alawi, 68
Muhammad
b.
Muhammad
b. Salih b. Bayhas
al-Kilâbi, 67-9, 72
Muhammad b. Sulaymān, 42 al-Muhtadi, 38, 83
al-Muktafi, 89 Mu'nis, IoI al-Muntasir, 38
Muqātil,
14
al-Muqtadir,
50, 52, 100
Müsa b. Nusayr, abu-Muslim, 26
16
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al-Musta'in, 82-3 al-Mustansir, 54 al-Musta'sim, 54, 56 al-Mu'tadid, 85, 87-9 al-Mu'tamid,
84-5, 87-8
al-Mu'tasim, 68-9, 75, 77 al-Mutawakkil, 84 al-Mu'tazz, 38-9, 82-3
al-Muti,
54, 105
al-Mutaqqi,
103-4
al-Muwaffaq, 84-5, 87-8 al-Nasir, 54,
106
al-Nasir li-din Allâh, 84 al-Qāhir, 101-2 Qarmatids,
:
104
Rabi' b. Ziyād, Io al-Rădi,
103-4
al-Ridā,
71
Saffārids, 85-7, 92-3
[
137
J
R A R E
IS LA M I
C
Sā'id b. Makhlad, 84-5 Sajids, 50 Salih b.
'Ali,
124
Salm b. Ziyād, 5 abu'l-Sarāyā, 70 al-Sari b. Mansur (abu'l-Sarāyā), 70 Sulaymān, 13
Tāhir b. al-Husayn, 70 Tayfür, 123 Trajan, 32 Tülünids, 40, 42, 86,
119
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‘Ubaydullah b. abi-Bakrah, 7 ‘Ubaydullah b. al-Sari, 74 ‘Ubaydullah b. Ziyād, 5 ‘Umar b. al-‘Alā, 12-3
‘Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz, ‘Umar b. 'Ubaydullāh, 7
21
‘Uthmān, 64
Wali al-Dawlah, 43 al-Walid b. Mu'awiyah, Wasif, 50
120
al-Wäthiol, 68 Yahya b. al-Rabi', 59 Zanj, 84 Ziyād b. abi-Sufyān, 4
[
138
|
CO
INS
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PLATES
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
ARAB-SASSANIAN
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
PLATE
ARAB-SASSANIAN
II
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS PLATE
ARAB SASSANIAN: 29–32a. BUKHARA IMITATIONS: KHWARIZM, 35. TABARISTAN: 36–39a.
III
33–34a.
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
*
# W.
PLATE IV
£
#
f
TABARISTAN: 39b–52. EARLY AFRICAN AND SPANISH: 54–57. BYZANTINE-ARAB: 58–61. POST-REFORM UMAYYAD GOLD: 62–68.
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
"'NA
s.
|
.
POST_REFORM UMAYYAD SILVER
PLATE V
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
POST_REFORM UMAYYAD COPPER
PLATE VI
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS PLATE VII
‘ABBASID GOLD
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
‘ABBASID GOLD:
PLATE VIII
188–203.
ABBASID SILVER:
220–256.
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
-
PLATE IX
-
©
£ -
"
‘ABBASID SILVER
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RARE ISLAMIC COINS
‘ABBASID SILVER:
PLATE X
346–362.
ABBASID COPPER:
363–408.
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