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THE EFFICACY OF LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) FLOORWAX AS A MOSQUITO REPELLENT
Presented to The Senior High School Faculty Roxas National High School
In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements in Applied Research I
Submitted by: John V. Alzate Krezavel Y. Cacal
March 2017
Table of Contents Page
Title page Abstract CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of the study B. Statement of the problem C. Significance of the study D. Scope and Limitations E. Definition of terms CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES A. Related studies B. Related literatures CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY A. B. C. D. E.
Research Design Collection of materials Materials needed for making the product Procedure in making the product Materials needed for testing of its effectiveness
F. Procedure in testing the effectiveness of the product G. Shelf Life CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATE A. Trial I B. Trial II C. Trial III CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATI
ABSTRACT This study aimed at making floorwax from the extract of cympobogon citratus (lemongrass) and testing for its efficacy on repelling insects and for its shelf life. Using experimentation and observation method cymbopogopn citratus (lemongrass) was made into a floorwax. There were not tested only for the efficacy on repelling insects but also their other properties such is aromatherapy that compare to commercial floorwax which doesn’t have. Results showed that cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) is possible to be made into floorwax which has an insect repellent. In addition, some characteristics of commercial floor wax such its shininess and scent on the observation the results were found , that cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) floorwax’s shininess and odor stays longer than the commercial floorwax without using bunot. Therefore, cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) floorwax is effective as an insect repellent and can be substitute in commercial floorwax because of its other properties that is better than cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass).
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A.
Background of the study The alarming numbers of mosquitoes were one of the health problems in the Philippines. According to the World Health Organization, the Philippines experienced the seventh highest number of dengue fever cases in the world between 2004 and 2010. Eventually, Filipinos find a way in combating mosquitoes using mosquito repellent. Synthetic mosquito repellent have been produced by big companies here in the Philippines and all over the world like lotion, sprays etc. the DEET (chemical name, NN-diethyl-meta-toluamide) is one of the active ingredients of many insect repellent products. It is widely used to repel biting pest such as mosquitoes and tricks (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2016). The studies of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says that mosquito repellents that contain DEET or Picaridin were safe to for adults and children over the age of two months, when used correctly (WebMD,2004). Currently, products like wrist band, stickers and clothing that has insect repellent are trending nowadays. On other hand, natural repellent is needed the best because it came from plant, all natural, like lemongrass or citronella grass (Cymbopogon Nardus) thas has insecticidal properties such as citral, gerenoil, mycrene, citronella and limonene (Blue, 2004). And according to Dr. Axe, it has light and fresh lemony smell with earthy understones that it is stimulating, relaxing, soothing and balancing (Axe,2015). This study will conduct an experimentation and observation by applying the studies above to ob serve the uses of lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) and produce a product that ca repel mosquitoes than other commercial commercial products that is cheaper by making it into a floorwax. B. Statement of the problem This study aimed at making floorwax from lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) as an effective mosquito repellent. It specifically answered the following questions. 1. Is cympobogon citratus (lemongrass) is viable as floorwax? 2. Is (Cymbopogon citratus) lemongrass floorwax effective? 3. Is (Cymbopogon citratus) lemongrass floorwax comparable to commercial floorwax? C. Significance of the study This study will help the researchers to develop their skills such as: communication skills, collecting or gathering data skills, analyzing data from dfferent
data skills, persuading others skills, constructing argument skills and organization skills both physical and mental. In this study students may be able to use the product as their floor polisher in their classrooms. Its better, not only because of its odor and it cannot cause stains in their uniforms and it can be an effective mosquito repellent. If this research will be going to be successful, Roxas National High School can recommend it instead of commercial floorwax. Mosquitoes is one of the problem in every community where in it bring diseases such as dengue, malaria etc. This research will help to reduce alarming numbers of mosquitoes, starting in their homes. D. Scope and limitations The study centered on the effectiveness of the substances and activities present on lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) by making it into a floorwax which capable on repelling mosquitoes through experimentation and observation. E. Definition of terms Efficacy Is the ability, especially of a medicine or a method of achieveing something, to produce the intented result (Cambridge dictionary, 2017). Floorwax Is a was based preparation used to finish and polish floor (Green Shield Floors, 2017). Lemongrass or Cymbopogon Citratus Is an herb largely popular for its citcus flavor with a trace of ginger. Lemongrass is not only good for flavouring but it has been traditionally used as herbal medicine to treat various medical condition (Medical Health guide, 2011) Mosquito Is any family (Culicidae) of dipteran flies with females that have a set of slender organs in the proboscis adapted to puncture the skin of animals and to suck their blood and that are in some cases vectors serious diseases (Merriam Webster Dictionary, 2017).
Repellent Is a substance that help people avoid mosquito bites (American Mosquito Control Association, 2014).
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Mosquitoes are considered as one of the dangerous insect in the world because of its ability to spread diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever and west nile virus (Mosquito World, 2017). That’s why insect repellent had been trend for years. Insect repellent or bug spray is a substance used to applied in skin, clothing or other surfaces that helps to prevent and control outbreaks of insect-borne and other arthropod-borne (Wikipedia, ). According to the study of Gumban in 2013, that insect repellents are important public health tools for the prevention of vector-borne infectious diseases (Goddard, 2002). Insect repellents can be natural or synthetic. Lemongrass can use as an insect repellent as reported by EPA’s GRAS list that lemongrass is extremely safe as an insect repellent. The citral has a toxic effect on the sensory of nervous system in an insect artenne (Hapke, 2001) that affects the behavior of insects. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) or tanglad in the Philippines. Dr. Mapue of Deaprtment of Health revealed that aside from being food flavouring, lemongrass may help also to repel mosquiotoes because it contains organic repellent subtances. The repellent efficacy of lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citaratus) extract has 51% compared to synthetic insect repellent which is range up to 81% of efficacy (World Ngayon, 2012). Lemongrass is herb belong to the grass family of poaceae. Also known by cymbopogon it is a genus about 55 species of grasses and it grows 6 feet in height and 4 feet in width. Its commonly found in warm and tropical region like in India and Asia. The light and fresh lemony scent of lemongrass sent stimulating, relaxing, soothing and balancing feeling (Axe, 2017). Its also known for its insecticidal properties because of its main compound such as geranyl, acetate, myrcene, nerol, citronellal, geraniol, heral, farnesol, limonene and citral and becusea of its high citral and geraniol content it can repel insects such as mosquitoes and ants (Mercolw, 2017). The insecticidal properties found in lemongrass or citronella grass (Cymbopogon Nardus) found from its extracted oil. All lemongrass variety has the same chemical composition but the amount may differ (Blue, 2004). Cymbopogon Citratus has chemical composition varies as stated in Geographical Origin. Compounds such as hydrocarbon, terpens, alcohols, ketones, ester, aldehyhypes and mainly consist of high citral (Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical technology and research, 2011). The results are very encouraging and indicate that this herb should be more extensively to confirm these results and reveal the important potential of this herb (Soaptar, 2011).
Mosquitoes leave your skin with bites that based on the study of Tharello in 2009 that mosquito repellents are very reliable way to avoid mosquito bites. They do not kill mosquitoes but they make you less attractive to the mosquitoes that will let you unhurt. The danger posed by mosquito bites have surged do much that mosquito control measurements are almost crucial to keep ourselves from diseases carried by mosquitoes. Lemongrass is cultivated also for its fragrance that commonly used to extract its oil. Its affect to the human senses. Because of aromatic properties that so relaxing and not painful to the nose and give calming effect (holistic Living and Health, 2015). On other hand, Axe in 2017 said that essential oil has healing properties that come from plants, these healing properties called aromatherapy which is good for physival, mental and emotional health. Currently,synthetic chemicals to control insects and anthropods raises several concerns related to environment and human helath. Using alternative products that have good efficacy and environmentally friendly. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) used as repellent with high repellent activity include a-pinene, limonene, citronellal, camphor and thymol. However, chemicals are frequently used than natural products that has potential to provide efficient and safer repellent for human and environment (Oliver et, al., 2010). This history of insect repellent lends insight into some of the current scientific strategies behind newer products. N-N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), botanicals, citronella and the newer product agent, Picaridin are some active ingredients of insect repellent. In contrary, natural products such oil of lemon-eucalyptus is more popular because of its low toxicity, comparable efficacy and customer approval and citronella oil discovered in 1901 that most commonly used as repellent before 1940’s. aerosols, pumps sprays, lotions, creams, suntan oils, powders, and grease stocks are some available product of insect repellent.---------According to department of Health and World Health Organization when rainy season begun, comes the threat of dengue that causes death because of that Department of Healthh done dengue vaccination but also they also advised to do some preventive measures starting in their homes. Using mosquito repellent lotion before going in to school that found in the studies it has DEET that it was effective but not in killing mosquitoes instead just keep them away (Castillo, 2014). In the studies conducted by Alphey and company in 2010, there were some technique on combating mosquito transmitted diseases. STI or Sterile Insect Technique that according to Knippling in 1998 and Krufsur in 1998 is a species specific and environmentally non polluting method of insect control relies on the release of large number of sterile insects and by the help of technology, SIT will provide significant costeffective that will help a lot to control vector-borne diseases.
In findings of Rodriguez and company in 2015 that not all commercial mosquito repellent is effective on repelling mosquitoes which has DEET as an effective ingredients of it which is lemon-eucalyptus oil containing P-menthane-3-8-diol (PMD has similar efficacy to DEET repellents. But DEEt-free repellent and with DEEt repellent has the same repellency for insects. In addition, preventing diseases carried by mosquitoes it must starts within our homes just simply cleaning your surroundings. And according to Janitorial Supplies Blog, floorwax is more traditional product and still used by many cleaning professionals and even ordinary people. Using floorwaxin the will provide protection in the surface of the floor which is particularly to maintain, clean and look attractive by being shiny (Planet Clean international Inc, 2016). Cockroaches have been around for millions of years. There are 4,000 species of cockroaches in the world it one of the adaptable pest on earth and commonly found in warm and dirty enviroment that close to food and water. They have the ability to cause allergies and triger asthma attacks especially on children and can spread 33 different kinds of bacteria. In addition, cockraoacges can live almost a month withou food and they can live about 2 weeks without water. Surprisingly they can live up to one week without its head and they can hold their breath for 40minutes (National Pest Management Association, 2014). The collected and gathered data show that insect-borne diseases is one of the health problems in the world because of that insect repellent is considered as one of the public health tools for prevention of these diseases. Insect repellent can be natural or synthetic. The study of both related studies and related literature has the same goal ehich is repelling insects such as mosquitoes. In other hand, this study aims to make a natural insect repellent, a mosquito repellent using lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) extracted oil by making it into a floorwax that considered as traditional cleaning agents.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY A. Research design Observational and experimental methods were used to collect data. The study made use of lemongrass (Cympobogon Citratus) which is capable on repelling mosquito by making it into floorwax. B. Collection of material The lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) were gathered at Nuesa and Vira, Roxas, Isabela. The other materials such as candle and vegetable oil were purchased at sari-sari store.
B. Materials needed for making the product The ingredients used in the product were lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus), candle and vegetable oil. The materials were used are knife and chopping board or scissors to cut the lemong rass and candle into small pieces, measuring cups to have an accurate measurement, pan, ladle, basin, cloth and strainer to strain or filter out solid debris and container for storing the product.
C. Procedure in making the product
The lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) washed with clean water and cut into small pieces together with the candles. The essential oil of lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) extracted using vegetable oil and strained using cloth. The extracted essential oil mixed with candles and cooled with cold water to become firmed like the commercial floorwax.
D. Materials needed for the testing of the effectiveness of the product The materials used to test the effectiveness are 3 blocks of cement that represents the floor where in the floowax and cylindrical container applied.
E. Procedure in testing the effectiveness of the product Lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) floorwax and commercial floorwax put on different block that has the same amount using rags and let the third block stay without application of any floorwax then cylindrical container that has an insect inside of it placed on the top of each block and observation follows.
G. Shelf life The researchers observed its shelf life by observing it for the several designated times: 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and until a month. They looked into signs of spoilage such as: color, odor and its appearance. Table 1: Shelf life test (Color) Numbers of weeks 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks One month Interpretation:
color Light green Light green Turns into light yellow Light yellow
The table indicates the shelf life test of the color of the product in a month that has significant change every week. Based on the observation, the lemongrass floorwax changes its color into light yellow in a month. Table 2: shelf life test (Odor) Number of weeks Odor 1 week Lemony scent 2 weeks Masbumango 3 weeks Masbumango 4 weeks Mas bumango Interpretation: The table indicates the shelf life test of the odor of the product in a month has significant change every week. Based on the observation, the lemongrass floorwax becomes redolently fragrant after in a couple of weeks. Table 3: shelf life test for (appearance) Number of weeks
Appearance
1 week Partly sticky 2 weeks Partly sticky 3 weeks Becomes watery and oily 4 weeks Becomes watery and oily Interpretation: The table indicates the shelf life test of the appearance of the product in a month has significant change every week. Based on the observation, the lemongrass floorwax gets watery and oily after after a month.
CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA (TEST FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS) A. TRIAL 1 Appearance Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is partly shiny
Commercial floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the appearance of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last longer than the commercial floorwax.
Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is partly shiny
Without floorwax Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the changed on appearance of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes shiny and last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance partly shiny
Commercial floorwax The appearance shiny The appearance shiny The appearance shiny The appearance shiny Not shiny
Without floorwax is Not shiny is Not shiny is Not shiny is Not shiny Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the appearance of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes shiny that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
TEXTURE
Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It’s partly slippery It feels slippery
Commercial floorwax It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels slippery It’s partly slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the texture of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last longer than the commercial floorwax.
Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours Interpretation:
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels partly sticky It feels partly sticky It partly slippery It feels slippery
Without floor Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery
The table shows the comparison between the changed on texture of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes sticky and slippery that last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours 2 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax It feels sticky
4 hours
It feels sticky
6 hours
It feels sticky
8 hours
It feels partly sticky
12 hours
It feels partly sticky
24 hours
Its partly slippery
72 hours
It feels slippery
Commercial floorwax It feels sticky
Without floorwax
Not sticky slippery It feels sticky Not sticky slippery It feels partly sticky Not sticky slippery It feels partly sticky Not sticky slippery Its partly slippery Not sticky slippery Not sticky nor Not sticky slippery slippery Not sticky nor Not sticky slippery slippery
nor nor nor nor nor nor nor
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the texture of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes sticky and slippery that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
ODOR Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Commercial floorwax Has a strong odor Has a strong odor Has a strong odor Has a strong odor Becomes mild in odor Becomes mild in odor Lost its odor
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the odor of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays in a mild (lemony) odor that last longer than the commercial product.
Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Interpretation:
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Without floorwax Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless
The table shows the comparison between the odor of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays in a mild (lemony) odor that last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Becomes mild odor Becomes mild odor Lost its odor
in Odorless in Odorless Odorless
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the odor of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass floorwax stays in mild (lemony) odor that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
DURATION
Table 1: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Commercial floorwax
Interpretation:
In the 2 weeks of observation… Its effectiveness last in 2 weeks but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture, odor and effectiveness last in week and continuously fading.
Both products were observed for two weeks, the researchers found out a constant changed on its texture, appearance, and odor each day and concluded that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax is effective in two weeks. In the commercial floorwax on the other hand, is quietly fast to fade compared to the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax.
Table 5: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Without floorwax
In the 2 weeks of observation… Its effectiveness last in 2 weeks but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture and odor doesn’t changed.
Interpretation: The table above shows that the appearance, texture and odor of the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last in two weeks compared on floor without application of floorwax.
Table 6: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Commercial floorwax Without floorwax
In the 2 weeks of observation… Its effectiveness last in 2 weeks but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture, odor and effectiveness last in week and continuously fading. Its appearance, texture and odor doesn’t changed.
Interpretation: In the 2 weeks of observation, the table above indicates the comparison on the duration of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays shiny, sticky, slippery and stays in mild odor that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
INSECT REPELLENT
(1 cockroach put on the block) Table 1: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Commercial floorwax
2 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No effect on the cockroach
4 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No effect on the cockroach
6 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No effect on the cockroach
8 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No effect on the cockroach
12 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No effect on the cockroach
24 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No effect on the cockroach
40 hours
The cockroach died
No effect on the cockroach
72 hours
The cockroach decomposed
The cockroach died
Interpretation: According to National Pest Management Association, the cockroaches can live almost a month without foods and water. The table above indicates the comparison on the effectiveness of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax has the capability to kill the cockroaches easily than commercial product. Table 2: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Without floorwax
2 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No significant change
4 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No significant change
6 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No significant change
8 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No significant change
12 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No significant change
24 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No significant change
40 hours
The cockroach died
No significant change
72 hours
The cockroach decomposed
No significant change
Interpretation:
The table shows the comparison between the effectiveness of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax has the capability to kill cockroaches.
Table 3: Number of hours
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 40 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches The cockroaches died
Commercial floorwax
No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches The cockroaches The cockroaches died decomposed
Without floorwax
No change No change No change No change No change No change No change No change
significant significant significant significant significant significant significant significant
Interpretation: The table shows the efficacy of lemongrass floorwax in killing insects compared to the commercial floorwax, this is due to the presence of citral and geraniol properties (Mercowl, 2017) which is known substances in repelling insects Lemongrass have high citral and geraniol property (Mercolw, 2017) which is best known substances to repel mosquitoes, cockroach, ants etc.
B. Trial 2
Appearance Table 1: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Commercial floorwax
2 hours
The appearance is shiny
The appearance is shiny
4 hours
The appearance is shiny
The appearance is shiny
6hours
The appearance is shiny
The appearance is shiny
8 hours
The appearance is shiny
The appearance is shiny
12 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
24 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
72 hours
The appearance is partly shiny
Not shiny
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the appearance of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last longer than the commercial floorwax.
Table 2: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Without floorwax
2 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
4 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
6 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
8 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
12 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
24 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
72 hours
The appearance is partly shiny
Not shiny
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the changed on appearance of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes shiny and last in a long period of time. Table 3:
Number of hours
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The shiny The shiny The shiny The shiny The shiny The shiny
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
appearance
is
appearance
is
appearance
is
appearance
is
appearance
is
The appearance shiny The appearance shiny The appearance shiny The appearance shiny Not shiny
is
Not shiny
is
Not shiny
is
Not shiny
is
Not shiny
appearance
is
Not shiny
Not shiny
The appearance partly shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the appearance of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes shiny that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
TEXTURE
Table 1: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Commercial floorwax
2 hours
It feels sticky
It feels sticky
4 hours
It feels sticky
It feels sticky
6 hours
It feels sticky
It feels sticky
8 hours
It feels sticky
It feels slippery
12 hours
It feels sticky
It’s partly slippery
24 hours
It’s partly slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
72 hours
It feels slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the texture of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last longer than the commercial floorwax.
Table 2: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Without floor
2 hours
It feels sticky
Not sticky nor slippery
4 hours
It feels sticky
Not sticky nor slippery
6 hours
It feels sticky
Not sticky nor slippery
8 hours
It feels partly sticky
Not sticky nor slippery
12 hours
It feels partly sticky
Not sticky nor slippery
24 hours
It partly slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
72 hours
It feels slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the changed on texture of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes sticky and slippery that last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels partly sticky It feels partly sticky Its partly slippery
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels partly sticky It feels partly sticky Its partly slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery
72 hours
It feels slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the texture of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes sticky and slippery that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
ODOR Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor
Commercial floorwax Has a strong odor
4 hours
Stays in mild (lemony) odor
Has a strong odor
6 hours
Stays in mild (lemony) odor
Has a strong odor
8 hours
Stays in mild (lemony) odor
Has a strong odor
12 hours
Stays in mild (lemony) odor
Becomes mild in odor
24 hours
Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Becomes mild in odor
72 hours
Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Lost its odor
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the odor of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays in a mild (lemony) odor that last longer than the commercial product. Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours Interpretation:
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Without floorwax Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless
The table shows the comparison between the odor of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays in a mild (lemony) odor that last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Becomes mild in odor
Odorless
Becomes mild in odor
Odorless
Lost its odor
Odorless
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the odor of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass floorwax stays in mild (lemony) odor that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
DURATION Table 1: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Commercial floorwax
In the 5 days of observation… Its effectiveness last in 5 days but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture, odor and effectiveness last in 3 days and continuously fading.
Interpretation: Both products were observed for 5 days, the researchers found out a constant changed on its texture, appearance, and odor each day and concluded that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus)
floorwax is effective in 5 days. In the commercial floorwax on the other hand, is quietly fast to fade compared to the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax.
Table 5: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Without floorwax
In the 5 days of observation… Its effectiveness last in 5 days but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture and odor doesn’t changed.
Interpretation: The table above shows that the appearance, texture and odor of the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last in 5 days compared on floor without application of floorwax.
Table 6: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Commercial floorwax Without floorwax
In the 5 days of observation… Its effectiveness last in 5 days but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture, odor and effectiveness last in 3 days and continuously fading. Its appearance, texture and odor doesn’t changed.
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the duration of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in 5 days of observation. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays shiny, sticky, slippery and stays in mild odor that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
INSECT REPELLENT (3 cockroaches per block)
Table 1: Number of hours
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 32 hours 35 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass floorwax
No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died Two cockroaches died One cockroach died All cockroaches died All cockroaches decomposed
Commercial floorwax
No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died One cockroach died No cockroach died
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the effectiveness of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax has the capability to kill the cockroaches easily than commercial product. Moreover, it shows inconsistency on repelling cockroaches both lemongrass and commercial floorwax because they didn’t repel at the same time.
Table 2: Number of hours
Lemongrass floorwax
Without floorwax
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours
No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died Two cockroaches died
No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died
32 hours 35 hours
One cockroach died All cockroaches died
No cockroach died No cockroach died
72 hours
All decomposed
cockroaches No cockroach died
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the effectiveness of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It
shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax has the capability to kill cockroaches but not at the same time.
Table 3: Number of hours
Lemongrass floorwax
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
2 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
4 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
6 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
8 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
12 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
24 hours
Two cockroaches died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
32 hours
One cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
35 hours
All cockroaches died
One cockroach died
No cockroach died
72 hours
All cockroaches decomposed
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
Interpretation:
The table shows the efficacy of lemongrass floorwax in killing insects compared to the commercial floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax this is due to the presence of citral and geraniol properties (Mercowl, 2017) which is known substances in repelling insects. Lemongrass have insecticidal properties such as high citral and geraniol property (Mercolw, 2017) which is best known substances to repel mosquitoes, cockroach, ants etc.
C. Trial 3 Appearance
Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is partly shiny
Commercial floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the appearance of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last longer than the commercial floorwax.
Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is partly shiny
Without floorwax Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the changed on appearance of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes shiny and last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours
Lemongrass
Commercial
Without floorwax
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
(Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance partly shiny
floorwax The appearance shiny The appearance shiny The appearance shiny The appearance shiny Not shiny
is Not shiny is Not shiny is Not shiny is Not shiny Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the appearance of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes shiny that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
TEXTURE Table 1: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Commercial floorwax
2 hours
It feels sticky
It feels sticky
4 hours
It feels sticky
It feels sticky
6 hours
It feels sticky
It feels sticky
8 hours
It feels sticky
It feels slippery
12 hours
It feels sticky
It’s partly slippery
24 hours
It’s partly slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
72 hours
It feels slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Interpretation:
The table indicates the comparison on the texture of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last longer than the commercial floorwax. Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours Interpretation:
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels partly sticky It feels partly sticky It partly slippery It feels slippery
Without floor Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery
The table shows the comparison between the changed on texture of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes sticky and slippery that last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours 2 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax It feels sticky
4 hours
It feels sticky
6 hours
It feels sticky
8 hours
It feels partly sticky
12 hours
It feels partly sticky
24 hours
Its partly slippery
72 hours
It feels slippery
Interpretation:
Commercial floorwax It feels sticky
Without floorwax
Not sticky slippery It feels sticky Not sticky slippery It feels partly sticky Not sticky slippery It feels partly sticky Not sticky slippery Its partly slippery Not sticky slippery Not sticky nor Not sticky slippery slippery Not sticky nor Not sticky slippery slippery
nor nor nor nor nor nor nor
The table indicates the comparison on the texture of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes sticky and slippery that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
ODOR Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Commercial floorwax Has a strong odor Has a strong odor Has a strong odor Has a strong odor Becomes mild in odor Becomes mild in odor Lost its odor
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the odor of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays in a mild (lemony) odor that last longer than the commercial product. Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Without floorwax Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the odor of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that
the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays in a mild (lemony) odor that last in a long period of time. Table 3: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Becomes mild odor Becomes mild odor Lost its odor
in Odorless in Odorless Odorless
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the odor of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass floorwax stays in mild (lemony) odor that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
DURATION
Table 1: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Commercial floorwax
In the 5 days of observation… Its effectiveness last in 5 days but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture, odor and effectiveness last in 3 days and continuously fading.
Interpretation: Both products were observed for 5 days, the researchers found out a constant changed on its texture, appearance, and odor each day and concluded that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus)
floorwax is effective in 5 days. In the commercial floorwax on the other hand, is quietly fast to fade compared to the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax.
Table 5: Product
In the 5 days of observation…
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Its effectiveness last in 5 days but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor.
Without floorwax
Its appearance, texture and odor doesn’t changed.
Interpretation: The table above shows that the appearance, texture and odor of the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last in 5 days compared on floor without application of floorwax.
Table 6: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
In the 5 days of observation… Its effectiveness last in 5 days but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor.
Commercial floorwax
Its appearance, texture, odor and effectiveness last in3 days and continuously fading.
Without floorwax
Its appearance, texture and odor doesn’t changed.
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the duration of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in 5 days of observation. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays shiny, sticky, slippery and stays in mild odor that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
INSECT REPELLENT (2cockroaches per block)
Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 20 hours 24 hours 27 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass floorwax No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died One cockroach died One cockroach died The cockroaches decomposed
Commercial floorwax No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died One cockroach died No cockroach died
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the effectiveness of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax has the capability to kill the cockroaches easily than commercial product. Moreover, it shows inconsistency on repelling cockroaches both lemongrass and commercial floorwax because they didn’t repelled at the same time.
Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 27 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass floorwax No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died One cockroach died One cockroach died The cockroaches decomposed
Without floorwax No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the effectiveness of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax has the capability to kill cockroaches but not at the same time.
Table 3:
Number of hours
Lemongrass floorwax
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
2 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
4 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
6 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
8 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
12 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
20 hours
No cockroach died
One cockroach died
No cockroach died
24 hours
One cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
27 hours
Two cockroaches died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
72 hours
The cockroaches decomposed
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
Interpretation: The table shows the efficacy of lemongrass floorwax in killing insects compared to the commercial floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax this is due to the presence of citral and geraniol properties (Mercowl, 2017) which is known substances in repelling insects Lemongrass have insecticidal properties such as high citral and geraniol property (Mercolw, 2017) which is best known substances to repel mosquitoes, cockroach, ants etc.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
SUMMARY The researchers conducted descriptive type of research aiming to find if Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) is feasible as an effective insect repellent floorwax, using experimentation and observation method. The collected and gathered data proved its effectivessness on repelling insects because of its insecitidal properties such as high citral and geraniol property. CONCLUSION The researchers were able to arrive at these conclusiuons based on findings of the study. 1) On the observation and experimentation done by the researchers, It is possible to create a floorwax using lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) that has capability on repelling insects. 2) The researchers concluded that lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) floorwax is more effective and last longer than commercial floorwax. 3) Lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) floorwax can repel insects also stays shiny, sticky, slippery and stays in mild (lemony) odor.
RECOMMENDATION Based on the study, it is recommended to conduct further studies to test the safeness of lemongrass on repelling mosquitoes or in some insect like fly. Researchers should also have focused more on its effectiveness as the lemongrass made it into floorwax but also it should consider consumer’s look out for, its smell, appearance and most importantly the consumer’s safety.
Presented to The Senior High School Faculty Roxas National High School
In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements in Applied Research I
Submitted by: John V. Alzate Krezavel Y. Cacal
March 2017
Table of Contents Page
Title page Abstract CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of the study B. Statement of the problem C. Significance of the study D. Scope and Limitations E. Definition of terms CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES A. Related studies B. Related literatures CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY A. B. C. D. E.
Research Design Collection of materials Materials needed for making the product Procedure in making the product Materials needed for testing of its effectiveness
F. Procedure in testing the effectiveness of the product G. Shelf Life CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATE A. Trial I B. Trial II C. Trial III CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATI
ABSTRACT This study aimed at making floorwax from the extract of cympobogon citratus (lemongrass) and testing for its efficacy on repelling insects and for its shelf life. Using experimentation and observation method cymbopogopn citratus (lemongrass) was made into a floorwax. There were not tested only for the efficacy on repelling insects but also their other properties such is aromatherapy that compare to commercial floorwax which doesn’t have. Results showed that cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) is possible to be made into floorwax which has an insect repellent. In addition, some characteristics of commercial floor wax such its shininess and scent on the observation the results were found , that cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) floorwax’s shininess and odor stays longer than the commercial floorwax without using bunot. Therefore, cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) floorwax is effective as an insect repellent and can be substitute in commercial floorwax because of its other properties that is better than cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass).
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A.
Background of the study The alarming numbers of mosquitoes were one of the health problems in the Philippines. According to the World Health Organization, the Philippines experienced the seventh highest number of dengue fever cases in the world between 2004 and 2010. Eventually, Filipinos find a way in combating mosquitoes using mosquito repellent. Synthetic mosquito repellent have been produced by big companies here in the Philippines and all over the world like lotion, sprays etc. the DEET (chemical name, NN-diethyl-meta-toluamide) is one of the active ingredients of many insect repellent products. It is widely used to repel biting pest such as mosquitoes and tricks (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2016). The studies of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says that mosquito repellents that contain DEET or Picaridin were safe to for adults and children over the age of two months, when used correctly (WebMD,2004). Currently, products like wrist band, stickers and clothing that has insect repellent are trending nowadays. On other hand, natural repellent is needed the best because it came from plant, all natural, like lemongrass or citronella grass (Cymbopogon Nardus) thas has insecticidal properties such as citral, gerenoil, mycrene, citronella and limonene (Blue, 2004). And according to Dr. Axe, it has light and fresh lemony smell with earthy understones that it is stimulating, relaxing, soothing and balancing (Axe,2015). This study will conduct an experimentation and observation by applying the studies above to ob serve the uses of lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) and produce a product that ca repel mosquitoes than other commercial commercial products that is cheaper by making it into a floorwax. B. Statement of the problem This study aimed at making floorwax from lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) as an effective mosquito repellent. It specifically answered the following questions. 1. Is cympobogon citratus (lemongrass) is viable as floorwax? 2. Is (Cymbopogon citratus) lemongrass floorwax effective? 3. Is (Cymbopogon citratus) lemongrass floorwax comparable to commercial floorwax? C. Significance of the study This study will help the researchers to develop their skills such as: communication skills, collecting or gathering data skills, analyzing data from dfferent
data skills, persuading others skills, constructing argument skills and organization skills both physical and mental. In this study students may be able to use the product as their floor polisher in their classrooms. Its better, not only because of its odor and it cannot cause stains in their uniforms and it can be an effective mosquito repellent. If this research will be going to be successful, Roxas National High School can recommend it instead of commercial floorwax. Mosquitoes is one of the problem in every community where in it bring diseases such as dengue, malaria etc. This research will help to reduce alarming numbers of mosquitoes, starting in their homes. D. Scope and limitations The study centered on the effectiveness of the substances and activities present on lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) by making it into a floorwax which capable on repelling mosquitoes through experimentation and observation. E. Definition of terms Efficacy Is the ability, especially of a medicine or a method of achieveing something, to produce the intented result (Cambridge dictionary, 2017). Floorwax Is a was based preparation used to finish and polish floor (Green Shield Floors, 2017). Lemongrass or Cymbopogon Citratus Is an herb largely popular for its citcus flavor with a trace of ginger. Lemongrass is not only good for flavouring but it has been traditionally used as herbal medicine to treat various medical condition (Medical Health guide, 2011) Mosquito Is any family (Culicidae) of dipteran flies with females that have a set of slender organs in the proboscis adapted to puncture the skin of animals and to suck their blood and that are in some cases vectors serious diseases (Merriam Webster Dictionary, 2017).
Repellent Is a substance that help people avoid mosquito bites (American Mosquito Control Association, 2014).
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Mosquitoes are considered as one of the dangerous insect in the world because of its ability to spread diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever and west nile virus (Mosquito World, 2017). That’s why insect repellent had been trend for years. Insect repellent or bug spray is a substance used to applied in skin, clothing or other surfaces that helps to prevent and control outbreaks of insect-borne and other arthropod-borne (Wikipedia, ). According to the study of Gumban in 2013, that insect repellents are important public health tools for the prevention of vector-borne infectious diseases (Goddard, 2002). Insect repellents can be natural or synthetic. Lemongrass can use as an insect repellent as reported by EPA’s GRAS list that lemongrass is extremely safe as an insect repellent. The citral has a toxic effect on the sensory of nervous system in an insect artenne (Hapke, 2001) that affects the behavior of insects. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) or tanglad in the Philippines. Dr. Mapue of Deaprtment of Health revealed that aside from being food flavouring, lemongrass may help also to repel mosquiotoes because it contains organic repellent subtances. The repellent efficacy of lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citaratus) extract has 51% compared to synthetic insect repellent which is range up to 81% of efficacy (World Ngayon, 2012). Lemongrass is herb belong to the grass family of poaceae. Also known by cymbopogon it is a genus about 55 species of grasses and it grows 6 feet in height and 4 feet in width. Its commonly found in warm and tropical region like in India and Asia. The light and fresh lemony scent of lemongrass sent stimulating, relaxing, soothing and balancing feeling (Axe, 2017). Its also known for its insecticidal properties because of its main compound such as geranyl, acetate, myrcene, nerol, citronellal, geraniol, heral, farnesol, limonene and citral and becusea of its high citral and geraniol content it can repel insects such as mosquitoes and ants (Mercolw, 2017). The insecticidal properties found in lemongrass or citronella grass (Cymbopogon Nardus) found from its extracted oil. All lemongrass variety has the same chemical composition but the amount may differ (Blue, 2004). Cymbopogon Citratus has chemical composition varies as stated in Geographical Origin. Compounds such as hydrocarbon, terpens, alcohols, ketones, ester, aldehyhypes and mainly consist of high citral (Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical technology and research, 2011). The results are very encouraging and indicate that this herb should be more extensively to confirm these results and reveal the important potential of this herb (Soaptar, 2011).
Mosquitoes leave your skin with bites that based on the study of Tharello in 2009 that mosquito repellents are very reliable way to avoid mosquito bites. They do not kill mosquitoes but they make you less attractive to the mosquitoes that will let you unhurt. The danger posed by mosquito bites have surged do much that mosquito control measurements are almost crucial to keep ourselves from diseases carried by mosquitoes. Lemongrass is cultivated also for its fragrance that commonly used to extract its oil. Its affect to the human senses. Because of aromatic properties that so relaxing and not painful to the nose and give calming effect (holistic Living and Health, 2015). On other hand, Axe in 2017 said that essential oil has healing properties that come from plants, these healing properties called aromatherapy which is good for physival, mental and emotional health. Currently,synthetic chemicals to control insects and anthropods raises several concerns related to environment and human helath. Using alternative products that have good efficacy and environmentally friendly. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) used as repellent with high repellent activity include a-pinene, limonene, citronellal, camphor and thymol. However, chemicals are frequently used than natural products that has potential to provide efficient and safer repellent for human and environment (Oliver et, al., 2010). This history of insect repellent lends insight into some of the current scientific strategies behind newer products. N-N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), botanicals, citronella and the newer product agent, Picaridin are some active ingredients of insect repellent. In contrary, natural products such oil of lemon-eucalyptus is more popular because of its low toxicity, comparable efficacy and customer approval and citronella oil discovered in 1901 that most commonly used as repellent before 1940’s. aerosols, pumps sprays, lotions, creams, suntan oils, powders, and grease stocks are some available product of insect repellent.---------According to department of Health and World Health Organization when rainy season begun, comes the threat of dengue that causes death because of that Department of Healthh done dengue vaccination but also they also advised to do some preventive measures starting in their homes. Using mosquito repellent lotion before going in to school that found in the studies it has DEET that it was effective but not in killing mosquitoes instead just keep them away (Castillo, 2014). In the studies conducted by Alphey and company in 2010, there were some technique on combating mosquito transmitted diseases. STI or Sterile Insect Technique that according to Knippling in 1998 and Krufsur in 1998 is a species specific and environmentally non polluting method of insect control relies on the release of large number of sterile insects and by the help of technology, SIT will provide significant costeffective that will help a lot to control vector-borne diseases.
In findings of Rodriguez and company in 2015 that not all commercial mosquito repellent is effective on repelling mosquitoes which has DEET as an effective ingredients of it which is lemon-eucalyptus oil containing P-menthane-3-8-diol (PMD has similar efficacy to DEET repellents. But DEEt-free repellent and with DEEt repellent has the same repellency for insects. In addition, preventing diseases carried by mosquitoes it must starts within our homes just simply cleaning your surroundings. And according to Janitorial Supplies Blog, floorwax is more traditional product and still used by many cleaning professionals and even ordinary people. Using floorwaxin the will provide protection in the surface of the floor which is particularly to maintain, clean and look attractive by being shiny (Planet Clean international Inc, 2016). Cockroaches have been around for millions of years. There are 4,000 species of cockroaches in the world it one of the adaptable pest on earth and commonly found in warm and dirty enviroment that close to food and water. They have the ability to cause allergies and triger asthma attacks especially on children and can spread 33 different kinds of bacteria. In addition, cockraoacges can live almost a month withou food and they can live about 2 weeks without water. Surprisingly they can live up to one week without its head and they can hold their breath for 40minutes (National Pest Management Association, 2014). The collected and gathered data show that insect-borne diseases is one of the health problems in the world because of that insect repellent is considered as one of the public health tools for prevention of these diseases. Insect repellent can be natural or synthetic. The study of both related studies and related literature has the same goal ehich is repelling insects such as mosquitoes. In other hand, this study aims to make a natural insect repellent, a mosquito repellent using lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) extracted oil by making it into a floorwax that considered as traditional cleaning agents.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY A. Research design Observational and experimental methods were used to collect data. The study made use of lemongrass (Cympobogon Citratus) which is capable on repelling mosquito by making it into floorwax. B. Collection of material The lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) were gathered at Nuesa and Vira, Roxas, Isabela. The other materials such as candle and vegetable oil were purchased at sari-sari store.
B. Materials needed for making the product The ingredients used in the product were lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus), candle and vegetable oil. The materials were used are knife and chopping board or scissors to cut the lemong rass and candle into small pieces, measuring cups to have an accurate measurement, pan, ladle, basin, cloth and strainer to strain or filter out solid debris and container for storing the product.
C. Procedure in making the product
The lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) washed with clean water and cut into small pieces together with the candles. The essential oil of lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) extracted using vegetable oil and strained using cloth. The extracted essential oil mixed with candles and cooled with cold water to become firmed like the commercial floorwax.
D. Materials needed for the testing of the effectiveness of the product The materials used to test the effectiveness are 3 blocks of cement that represents the floor where in the floowax and cylindrical container applied.
E. Procedure in testing the effectiveness of the product Lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) floorwax and commercial floorwax put on different block that has the same amount using rags and let the third block stay without application of any floorwax then cylindrical container that has an insect inside of it placed on the top of each block and observation follows.
G. Shelf life The researchers observed its shelf life by observing it for the several designated times: 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and until a month. They looked into signs of spoilage such as: color, odor and its appearance. Table 1: Shelf life test (Color) Numbers of weeks 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks One month Interpretation:
color Light green Light green Turns into light yellow Light yellow
The table indicates the shelf life test of the color of the product in a month that has significant change every week. Based on the observation, the lemongrass floorwax changes its color into light yellow in a month. Table 2: shelf life test (Odor) Number of weeks Odor 1 week Lemony scent 2 weeks Masbumango 3 weeks Masbumango 4 weeks Mas bumango Interpretation: The table indicates the shelf life test of the odor of the product in a month has significant change every week. Based on the observation, the lemongrass floorwax becomes redolently fragrant after in a couple of weeks. Table 3: shelf life test for (appearance) Number of weeks
Appearance
1 week Partly sticky 2 weeks Partly sticky 3 weeks Becomes watery and oily 4 weeks Becomes watery and oily Interpretation: The table indicates the shelf life test of the appearance of the product in a month has significant change every week. Based on the observation, the lemongrass floorwax gets watery and oily after after a month.
CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA (TEST FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS) A. TRIAL 1 Appearance Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is partly shiny
Commercial floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the appearance of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last longer than the commercial floorwax.
Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is partly shiny
Without floorwax Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the changed on appearance of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes shiny and last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance partly shiny
Commercial floorwax The appearance shiny The appearance shiny The appearance shiny The appearance shiny Not shiny
Without floorwax is Not shiny is Not shiny is Not shiny is Not shiny Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the appearance of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes shiny that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
TEXTURE
Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It’s partly slippery It feels slippery
Commercial floorwax It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels slippery It’s partly slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the texture of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last longer than the commercial floorwax.
Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours Interpretation:
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels partly sticky It feels partly sticky It partly slippery It feels slippery
Without floor Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery
The table shows the comparison between the changed on texture of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes sticky and slippery that last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours 2 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax It feels sticky
4 hours
It feels sticky
6 hours
It feels sticky
8 hours
It feels partly sticky
12 hours
It feels partly sticky
24 hours
Its partly slippery
72 hours
It feels slippery
Commercial floorwax It feels sticky
Without floorwax
Not sticky slippery It feels sticky Not sticky slippery It feels partly sticky Not sticky slippery It feels partly sticky Not sticky slippery Its partly slippery Not sticky slippery Not sticky nor Not sticky slippery slippery Not sticky nor Not sticky slippery slippery
nor nor nor nor nor nor nor
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the texture of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes sticky and slippery that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
ODOR Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Commercial floorwax Has a strong odor Has a strong odor Has a strong odor Has a strong odor Becomes mild in odor Becomes mild in odor Lost its odor
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the odor of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays in a mild (lemony) odor that last longer than the commercial product.
Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Interpretation:
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Without floorwax Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless
The table shows the comparison between the odor of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays in a mild (lemony) odor that last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Becomes mild odor Becomes mild odor Lost its odor
in Odorless in Odorless Odorless
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the odor of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass floorwax stays in mild (lemony) odor that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
DURATION
Table 1: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Commercial floorwax
Interpretation:
In the 2 weeks of observation… Its effectiveness last in 2 weeks but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture, odor and effectiveness last in week and continuously fading.
Both products were observed for two weeks, the researchers found out a constant changed on its texture, appearance, and odor each day and concluded that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax is effective in two weeks. In the commercial floorwax on the other hand, is quietly fast to fade compared to the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax.
Table 5: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Without floorwax
In the 2 weeks of observation… Its effectiveness last in 2 weeks but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture and odor doesn’t changed.
Interpretation: The table above shows that the appearance, texture and odor of the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last in two weeks compared on floor without application of floorwax.
Table 6: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Commercial floorwax Without floorwax
In the 2 weeks of observation… Its effectiveness last in 2 weeks but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture, odor and effectiveness last in week and continuously fading. Its appearance, texture and odor doesn’t changed.
Interpretation: In the 2 weeks of observation, the table above indicates the comparison on the duration of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays shiny, sticky, slippery and stays in mild odor that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
INSECT REPELLENT
(1 cockroach put on the block) Table 1: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Commercial floorwax
2 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No effect on the cockroach
4 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No effect on the cockroach
6 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No effect on the cockroach
8 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No effect on the cockroach
12 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No effect on the cockroach
24 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No effect on the cockroach
40 hours
The cockroach died
No effect on the cockroach
72 hours
The cockroach decomposed
The cockroach died
Interpretation: According to National Pest Management Association, the cockroaches can live almost a month without foods and water. The table above indicates the comparison on the effectiveness of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax has the capability to kill the cockroaches easily than commercial product. Table 2: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Without floorwax
2 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No significant change
4 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No significant change
6 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No significant change
8 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No significant change
12 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No significant change
24 hours
No effect on the cockroach
No significant change
40 hours
The cockroach died
No significant change
72 hours
The cockroach decomposed
No significant change
Interpretation:
The table shows the comparison between the effectiveness of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax has the capability to kill cockroaches.
Table 3: Number of hours
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 40 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches The cockroaches died
Commercial floorwax
No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches No effect on the cockroaches The cockroaches The cockroaches died decomposed
Without floorwax
No change No change No change No change No change No change No change No change
significant significant significant significant significant significant significant significant
Interpretation: The table shows the efficacy of lemongrass floorwax in killing insects compared to the commercial floorwax, this is due to the presence of citral and geraniol properties (Mercowl, 2017) which is known substances in repelling insects Lemongrass have high citral and geraniol property (Mercolw, 2017) which is best known substances to repel mosquitoes, cockroach, ants etc.
B. Trial 2
Appearance Table 1: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Commercial floorwax
2 hours
The appearance is shiny
The appearance is shiny
4 hours
The appearance is shiny
The appearance is shiny
6hours
The appearance is shiny
The appearance is shiny
8 hours
The appearance is shiny
The appearance is shiny
12 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
24 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
72 hours
The appearance is partly shiny
Not shiny
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the appearance of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last longer than the commercial floorwax.
Table 2: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Without floorwax
2 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
4 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
6 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
8 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
12 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
24 hours
The appearance is shiny
Not shiny
72 hours
The appearance is partly shiny
Not shiny
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the changed on appearance of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes shiny and last in a long period of time. Table 3:
Number of hours
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The shiny The shiny The shiny The shiny The shiny The shiny
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
appearance
is
appearance
is
appearance
is
appearance
is
appearance
is
The appearance shiny The appearance shiny The appearance shiny The appearance shiny Not shiny
is
Not shiny
is
Not shiny
is
Not shiny
is
Not shiny
appearance
is
Not shiny
Not shiny
The appearance partly shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the appearance of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes shiny that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
TEXTURE
Table 1: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Commercial floorwax
2 hours
It feels sticky
It feels sticky
4 hours
It feels sticky
It feels sticky
6 hours
It feels sticky
It feels sticky
8 hours
It feels sticky
It feels slippery
12 hours
It feels sticky
It’s partly slippery
24 hours
It’s partly slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
72 hours
It feels slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the texture of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last longer than the commercial floorwax.
Table 2: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Without floor
2 hours
It feels sticky
Not sticky nor slippery
4 hours
It feels sticky
Not sticky nor slippery
6 hours
It feels sticky
Not sticky nor slippery
8 hours
It feels partly sticky
Not sticky nor slippery
12 hours
It feels partly sticky
Not sticky nor slippery
24 hours
It partly slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
72 hours
It feels slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the changed on texture of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes sticky and slippery that last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels partly sticky It feels partly sticky Its partly slippery
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels partly sticky It feels partly sticky Its partly slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery
72 hours
It feels slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the texture of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes sticky and slippery that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
ODOR Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor
Commercial floorwax Has a strong odor
4 hours
Stays in mild (lemony) odor
Has a strong odor
6 hours
Stays in mild (lemony) odor
Has a strong odor
8 hours
Stays in mild (lemony) odor
Has a strong odor
12 hours
Stays in mild (lemony) odor
Becomes mild in odor
24 hours
Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Becomes mild in odor
72 hours
Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Lost its odor
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the odor of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays in a mild (lemony) odor that last longer than the commercial product. Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours Interpretation:
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Without floorwax Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless
The table shows the comparison between the odor of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays in a mild (lemony) odor that last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Becomes mild in odor
Odorless
Becomes mild in odor
Odorless
Lost its odor
Odorless
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the odor of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass floorwax stays in mild (lemony) odor that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
DURATION Table 1: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Commercial floorwax
In the 5 days of observation… Its effectiveness last in 5 days but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture, odor and effectiveness last in 3 days and continuously fading.
Interpretation: Both products were observed for 5 days, the researchers found out a constant changed on its texture, appearance, and odor each day and concluded that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus)
floorwax is effective in 5 days. In the commercial floorwax on the other hand, is quietly fast to fade compared to the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax.
Table 5: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Without floorwax
In the 5 days of observation… Its effectiveness last in 5 days but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture and odor doesn’t changed.
Interpretation: The table above shows that the appearance, texture and odor of the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last in 5 days compared on floor without application of floorwax.
Table 6: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Commercial floorwax Without floorwax
In the 5 days of observation… Its effectiveness last in 5 days but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture, odor and effectiveness last in 3 days and continuously fading. Its appearance, texture and odor doesn’t changed.
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the duration of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in 5 days of observation. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays shiny, sticky, slippery and stays in mild odor that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
INSECT REPELLENT (3 cockroaches per block)
Table 1: Number of hours
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 32 hours 35 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass floorwax
No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died Two cockroaches died One cockroach died All cockroaches died All cockroaches decomposed
Commercial floorwax
No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died One cockroach died No cockroach died
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the effectiveness of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax has the capability to kill the cockroaches easily than commercial product. Moreover, it shows inconsistency on repelling cockroaches both lemongrass and commercial floorwax because they didn’t repel at the same time.
Table 2: Number of hours
Lemongrass floorwax
Without floorwax
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours
No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died Two cockroaches died
No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died
32 hours 35 hours
One cockroach died All cockroaches died
No cockroach died No cockroach died
72 hours
All decomposed
cockroaches No cockroach died
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the effectiveness of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It
shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax has the capability to kill cockroaches but not at the same time.
Table 3: Number of hours
Lemongrass floorwax
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
2 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
4 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
6 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
8 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
12 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
24 hours
Two cockroaches died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
32 hours
One cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
35 hours
All cockroaches died
One cockroach died
No cockroach died
72 hours
All cockroaches decomposed
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
Interpretation:
The table shows the efficacy of lemongrass floorwax in killing insects compared to the commercial floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax this is due to the presence of citral and geraniol properties (Mercowl, 2017) which is known substances in repelling insects. Lemongrass have insecticidal properties such as high citral and geraniol property (Mercolw, 2017) which is best known substances to repel mosquitoes, cockroach, ants etc.
C. Trial 3 Appearance
Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is partly shiny
Commercial floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the appearance of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last longer than the commercial floorwax.
Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is partly shiny
Without floorwax Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny Not shiny
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the changed on appearance of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes shiny and last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours
Lemongrass
Commercial
Without floorwax
2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
(Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance is shiny The appearance partly shiny
floorwax The appearance shiny The appearance shiny The appearance shiny The appearance shiny Not shiny
is Not shiny is Not shiny is Not shiny is Not shiny Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Not shiny
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the appearance of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes shiny that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
TEXTURE Table 1: Number of hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Commercial floorwax
2 hours
It feels sticky
It feels sticky
4 hours
It feels sticky
It feels sticky
6 hours
It feels sticky
It feels sticky
8 hours
It feels sticky
It feels slippery
12 hours
It feels sticky
It’s partly slippery
24 hours
It’s partly slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
72 hours
It feels slippery
Not sticky nor slippery
Interpretation:
The table indicates the comparison on the texture of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last longer than the commercial floorwax. Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours Interpretation:
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels sticky It feels partly sticky It feels partly sticky It partly slippery It feels slippery
Without floor Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery Not sticky nor slippery
The table shows the comparison between the changed on texture of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes sticky and slippery that last in a long period of time.
Table 3: Number of hours 2 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax It feels sticky
4 hours
It feels sticky
6 hours
It feels sticky
8 hours
It feels partly sticky
12 hours
It feels partly sticky
24 hours
Its partly slippery
72 hours
It feels slippery
Interpretation:
Commercial floorwax It feels sticky
Without floorwax
Not sticky slippery It feels sticky Not sticky slippery It feels partly sticky Not sticky slippery It feels partly sticky Not sticky slippery Its partly slippery Not sticky slippery Not sticky nor Not sticky slippery slippery Not sticky nor Not sticky slippery slippery
nor nor nor nor nor nor nor
The table indicates the comparison on the texture of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax becomes sticky and slippery that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
ODOR Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Commercial floorwax Has a strong odor Has a strong odor Has a strong odor Has a strong odor Becomes mild in odor Becomes mild in odor Lost its odor
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the odor of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays in a mild (lemony) odor that last longer than the commercial product. Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Without floorwax Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the odor of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that
the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays in a mild (lemony) odor that last in a long period of time. Table 3: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Stays in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor Partially in mild (lemony) odor
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Has a strong odor
Odorless
Becomes mild odor Becomes mild odor Lost its odor
in Odorless in Odorless Odorless
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the odor of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass floorwax stays in mild (lemony) odor that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
DURATION
Table 1: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax Commercial floorwax
In the 5 days of observation… Its effectiveness last in 5 days but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor. Its appearance, texture, odor and effectiveness last in 3 days and continuously fading.
Interpretation: Both products were observed for 5 days, the researchers found out a constant changed on its texture, appearance, and odor each day and concluded that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus)
floorwax is effective in 5 days. In the commercial floorwax on the other hand, is quietly fast to fade compared to the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax.
Table 5: Product
In the 5 days of observation…
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
Its effectiveness last in 5 days but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor.
Without floorwax
Its appearance, texture and odor doesn’t changed.
Interpretation: The table above shows that the appearance, texture and odor of the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax last in 5 days compared on floor without application of floorwax.
Table 6: Product Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Floorwax
In the 5 days of observation… Its effectiveness last in 5 days but there are some changes on its appearance, texture and odor.
Commercial floorwax
Its appearance, texture, odor and effectiveness last in3 days and continuously fading.
Without floorwax
Its appearance, texture and odor doesn’t changed.
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the duration of the commercial floorwax, organic floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax in 5 days of observation. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax stays shiny, sticky, slippery and stays in mild odor that last longer than the commercial floorwax.
INSECT REPELLENT (2cockroaches per block)
Table 1: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 20 hours 24 hours 27 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass floorwax No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died One cockroach died One cockroach died The cockroaches decomposed
Commercial floorwax No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died One cockroach died No cockroach died
Interpretation: The table indicates the comparison on the effectiveness of the commercial floorwax and the organic floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax has the capability to kill the cockroaches easily than commercial product. Moreover, it shows inconsistency on repelling cockroaches both lemongrass and commercial floorwax because they didn’t repelled at the same time.
Table 2: Number of hours 2 hours 4 hours 6 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours 27 hours 72 hours
Lemongrass floorwax No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died One cockroach died One cockroach died The cockroaches decomposed
Without floorwax No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died No cockroach died
Interpretation: The table shows the comparison between the effectiveness of the floor with the presence of organic floorwax and the floor without application of floorwax in different duration of time. It shows that the lemongrass (cybopogon citratus) floorwax has the capability to kill cockroaches but not at the same time.
Table 3:
Number of hours
Lemongrass floorwax
Commercial floorwax
Without floorwax
2 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
4 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
6 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
8 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
12 hours
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
20 hours
No cockroach died
One cockroach died
No cockroach died
24 hours
One cockroach died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
27 hours
Two cockroaches died
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
72 hours
The cockroaches decomposed
No cockroach died
No cockroach died
Interpretation: The table shows the efficacy of lemongrass floorwax in killing insects compared to the commercial floorwax, and the floor without application of floorwax this is due to the presence of citral and geraniol properties (Mercowl, 2017) which is known substances in repelling insects Lemongrass have insecticidal properties such as high citral and geraniol property (Mercolw, 2017) which is best known substances to repel mosquitoes, cockroach, ants etc.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
SUMMARY The researchers conducted descriptive type of research aiming to find if Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) is feasible as an effective insect repellent floorwax, using experimentation and observation method. The collected and gathered data proved its effectivessness on repelling insects because of its insecitidal properties such as high citral and geraniol property. CONCLUSION The researchers were able to arrive at these conclusiuons based on findings of the study. 1) On the observation and experimentation done by the researchers, It is possible to create a floorwax using lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) that has capability on repelling insects. 2) The researchers concluded that lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) floorwax is more effective and last longer than commercial floorwax. 3) Lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) floorwax can repel insects also stays shiny, sticky, slippery and stays in mild (lemony) odor.
RECOMMENDATION Based on the study, it is recommended to conduct further studies to test the safeness of lemongrass on repelling mosquitoes or in some insect like fly. Researchers should also have focused more on its effectiveness as the lemongrass made it into floorwax but also it should consider consumer’s look out for, its smell, appearance and most importantly the consumer’s safety.
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