Revolution

Philippine Revolution From Indio to Filipino

The Filipinos began to fight the Spaniards the moment they settled permanently in 1565 and continued this resistance to the end of their rule in 1898. In October 1889, a group of ilustrados in Paris, signing themselves as the “Filipinos”. The Philippine Revolt patterns must be treated holistically and not separately.

Personal religious

Revolts are categorized into three

and

Resistance to Spanishimposed economic and religious institutions Land problems

Personal Motives The revolts were personally led by former barangay datus and maharlikas, as well as babaylans and katalonas, who had lost their prestige and power in their communities with the coming of the Spaniards, and were supplanted by leaders chosen by the Spaniards and by the Spanish friars.

Personal Motives Lakandula and Soliman Revolt in 1574 due to sequestration of their landed properties and even toleration of the encomendero’s abuse and oppression of their people. The conspiracy of the maharlikas headed by Agustin de Legazpi and Martin Pangan.

Personal Motives In 1621-22, an outlawed babaylan, Tamblot of Bohol employed magic and religion in alluring the unbelieving people to abandon Christianity and to return to their former beliefs. In no time, he was crushed by Juan de Alcarazo, alcalde mayor of Cebu.

Personal Motives The rebellion in Carigara (Leyte), led by Bankaw, Datu of Limasawa Francisco Dagohoy’s revolt in Bohol. This was the longest revolt in Philippine history taking 85 years to quell (1744- 1829). Silang Revolt in Ilocos Palaris Revolt in Pangasinan Magtangaga Revolt in Cagayan

Religious Motives Two Christianized Isnegs of Northwest Cagayan, Miguel Lanab and Alalaban of Capinatan (Apayao), revolted in 1625, by mutilating and beheading the Dominicans Fr. Alonzo Garcia and Bro. Onofre Palao. A nativist revolt with religious overtones was led by Tapar in Oton, Iloilo, whom proclaimed himself, “God Almighty”.

Religious Motives  The Magtangaga Revolt in Cagayan in October 1718 led by Francisco Rivera, a vissionary who appropriated for himself the title of “Papa Rey”.  Ermano Apolinario de la Cruz’s revolt which was divided into two phases: phase 1 from 18321841 was from the founding of the Confradia de San Jose in 1832 to the death of Dela Cruz in 1841, and phase 2 from 1870- 71, with the revival of the Confradia in 1870, terminating with the revolt and capture of Januario Labios in 1871.

Resistance to Spanish- Imposed Institutions Among the major rebellions belonging to this class were those in the late 16th century led by Magalat of Cagayan, the Sumodoy and the CARAGA revolts in the 17th century.

Name of Dat Revolt e

Place

Cause

Leader

Result

Lakandula 157 4

Tondo, Navotas

Failure of Gov. Lakandul Lavezares to a fulfill Legazpis’ promise to Lakandula

Failed

Pampanga 158 5

Pampanga

Abuses of Spanish Encomiendero s

Failed. A woman betrayed the revolt.

Todo

Tondo, Cuyo, Calamiane s

Desire for Magat Independence Salamat, Martin Pangan, Juan Banal, Pedro Balingit

Failed because the plot was discovered. Leaders were executed.

158 7158 8

Name of Dat Revolt e

Place

Cause

CagayanIlocos

158 9

Cagayan, Ilocos Norte

Refusal to pay tributes, tyranny of tribute collectors

Magalat

159 6

Cagayan

Abuses of the Tribute Collectors

Igorot

160 1

Northern Luzon

Desire for religious toleration

Irrayas

162 1

Cagayan Valley

Oppression of the Indios by the Spanish officials

Leader

Result Failed. Easily suppressed .

Magalat

Failed. Hired Assasins killed the Magalat. Failed

Felipe Cutabay, Gabriel Dayag

It was not materialize d due to Fr. Pedro Sto. Tomas preaching.

Name of Dat Revolt e

Place

Cause

Leader

Result

Tamblot

162 1162 2

Bohol

Desire to abandon Christianity and return to old religious faith

Babaylan Tamblot

It was suppressed by the Spaniards and Cebuanos.

Bankaw

162 1

Leyte

Desire for Religious Toleration

Bankaw Pagali

Failed

Cagayan

162 5, 162 7, 163 9

Cagayan

Desire for Miguel independence Lanab, and Aldaban punishment of a woman whom displeases certain Spanish

Failed. Leaders were pardoned and later killed when they revolted anew.

Name of Dat Revolt e

Place

Cause

Leader

Result

Caraga

162 9163 1

Caraga, Northern Mindanao

Dissatisfaction of townspeople to Spanish rule

Failed

Cagayan

163 9

Cagayan

Dissatisfaction with Spanish rule

It was suppressed .

Ladia

164 3

Malolos, Bulacan and Southern Luzon

Weariness from Spanish oppression

Pedro Ladia

Failed

Visayan

164 9165 0

Eastern Visayas, Northern Mindanao, Zamboang a

Caused by Gov. Fajardo’s order to send Visayan laborers tyo Cavite for

Juan Ponce Sumoroy and Pedro Caamug

Leaders were captured and were beheaded.

Name of Dat Revolt e

Place

Cause

Leader

Pampanga 166 0166 1

Bacoor, Failure of Francisco Cavite and officials to pay Maniago Pampanga rice purchased; repeated requirements for polo y servico

Pangasina 166 n 0166 1

Binalatonga n,

Ilocos

San Nicolas, Bacarra, Laog, Ilocos

166 1

Pangasina n

Result General amnesty granted to rebels. Initial payment for services.

Quarrel between Fr. Gorospe and Malong

Andres Failed Malong and Pedro Gumpaos

Spanish aggression

Juan Magsano p, Pedro Almazan and Gaspar

Failed. Leaders were executed.

Name of Dat Revolt e

Place

Cause

Leader

Result

Panay

166 3

Oton, Panay

Desire to put up a modified form of Christianity

Tapar

It was suppressed .

Agrarian

174 5174 6

Bulacan, Morong (Rizal), Cavite, Laguna

Usurpation of Filipino lands by religious orders

Matienza

Failed

Dagohoy

174 4182 8

Bohol

Refusal of Fr. Morales to give Dagohoy’s brother a Christian Burial

Francisco Dagohoy

Failed but rebels were pardoned.

Silang

176 2-

Ilocos

Desire to expel the

Diego silang

Failed. Diego was

Name of Dat Revolt e

Place

Cause

Leader

Result

Palaris

176 2176 5

Pangasina n

Demand for reforms especially the changing of local officials

Juan Dela Failed. Cruz Palaris was Palaris executed

Basi

180 7

Ilocos

Government monopoly of basi manufacturing

Pedro Mateo

Failed. Rebels were crushed by governmen t troops.

Hermano Pule

184 0184 1

Quezon Province

Being a native, Pule was denied to be admitted as a monk. He founded the religious brotherhood, Confradia De San Jose, which the government outlawed and

Apolinari o dela Cruz

Failed

Moro Resistance • Most united groups were the Muslims. • They were bounded by Islam. • Continuous military expeditions failed to subdue them. They fought back by raiding the coastal towns under Spain.

Why all these revolts failed?

Absence of national leader

Lukewarm spirit of nationalism among Filipinos

Inadequate training and preparation for warfare

The Development and Growth of Filipino Nationalism

Nationalism • It is the love of one’s country and people. • It is a feeling of oneness that binds the people to a common past and a common identity. • It includes pride in one’s cultural heritage, support for the country’s aspirations, patriotism and advocacy of national independence.

What facilitated the development of Filipino nationalism?

1. Influx of liberal ideas from Europe 2. Introduction of modern technology 3. The opening of Philippines to world trade 4. The opening of the Suez Canal – traveling to other countries exposed the Filipinos to modern ideas of liberty. 5. The rise of new middle class- occupied a high position in society because of their wealth and prestige. They also criticized the unequal treatment of the Spaniards to the Filipinos.

6.Secularization Issue •Two kinds of priest during the Spanish Regime a.Regular- Spanish priests who belong to any of the religious orders. b.Secular- Priest who obtained their religious training in the Philippines who were under the direct control of the bishops and archbishops. Filipino priests were not only denied access to the parishes but some of them were removed from their parishes to accommodate the regulars . This event turned out to be a racial discrimination against Filipino secular priests.

7. Cavite Mutiny- Soldiers and workers at the Cavite Arsenal rebelled against the withdrawal of their privileges of nonpayment of taxes and exemption from forced labor. 8. Trial and execution of GOMBURZA 9. Disillusionment over Spanish rulecommon sufferings under tyrannical rule of the Spaniards fostered a feeling of unity among Filipinos.