River Front Resort.pdf

DESIGN THESIS 2017-2018 RIVER-FRONT RESORT

C.SAI KAMAL 14041AA025

SRI VENKATESHWARA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 86, Madhapur, Hi-Tech City Road, Hyderabad 500 033

DESIGN THESIS

RIVER-FRONT RESORT Submitted For the Award of the Degree Of

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE AWARDED BY

Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University For the year 2017-2018

BY

C.SAI KAMAL 14041AA025 Under the Guidance of PROF. DIVYA

SRI VENKATESHWARA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 86, Madhapur, Hi-Tech City Road, Hyderabad 500 033

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS UNIVERSITY

SRI VENKATESHWARA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 86, Madhapur, Hi-Tech City Road, Hyderabad 500 033

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this design thesis entitled RIVER FRONT RESORT carried out by Mr. C.SAI KAMAL , Roll No. 14041AA025 , currently in fourth year B.Arch, during the academic year 2017-2018 in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelors in Architecture from Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University is a record of bonafide work to the best of our knowledge and may be placed before the examination board for their consideration. THESIS GUIDE Prof. Divya

EXTERNAL EXAMINER 1. 2.

THESIS COORDINATOR Prof. Kamini Singh Professor PRINCIPAL Prof. M.Kalpana

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, C.Sai Kamal, would first like to show sincere gratitude to my thesis guide, Professor Divya for her careful attention, constant guidance and stable support. Next, I‘d like express my gratefulness to the thesis coordinators, for organizing juries smoothly, throughout the semester. A warm thank you to all the internal and external jurors without whose keen insight and reviews this project would not have evolved beyond a mere rough draft. Finally, my heartfelt appreciation to my family and friends for their invariable encouragement, assistance, cooperation and more, which helped make my thesis a success.

CONTENTS 01. SYNOPSIS 02. LITERATURE STUDY

1-3 4-17

03. DATA COLLECTION – SURVEY

18-25

04. DESKTOP STUDY I – Atali Ganga Rishikesh

26-31

05. DESKTOP STUDY II – X2 River Kwai

32-43

06. CASE STUDY I – Hornbill River Resort

44-61

07. CASE STUDY II – Kadkani River Resort

62-81

08. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

82-89

09. AREA STATEMENTS

90-91

10. SITE ANALYSIS 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY

92-104 105

SYNOPSIS

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RIVER-FRONT RESORT SYNOPSIS INTRODUCTION: A resort is a self-contained commercial establishment that tries to provide most of a vacationer's wants, such as food, drinks ,lodging , sports and entertainment. The term resort may be used for a hotel property that provides an array of amenities , typically including entertainment and recreational activities. While designing the cottages by the riverside , care should taken to see that nothing disturbs the natural flow of water - be it in the way the cottages is built, the way it functions or the facilities it offers. Due to its ideal location, it particularly is a lovely place for those looking to enjoy the beauty of the rivers. The cottages will be built using the age-old technique of timber bonded architecture. Usage of stone and timber walls and stretches of green, it should look as it has just risen up from the ground by the river. Resorts are the perfect place for such people who can happily spend time with families and friends.

NEED FOR THE STUDY: There is a need to study the land which is by the river side and understand its geographical characteristics and design accordingly. There is also a need to study about the resort design and materials and make sure that every cottage has a view towards the river and ensure safety of the tourists.

AIM: The main aim is to design a space which provides a place that is frequented for holidays or recreation or for a particular purpose and satisfying human needs and basic amenities which adds to a wonderful and a peaceful stay with a scenic view.

OBJECTIVES DESIGN OBJECTIVES To ensure the proper placement of the cottages at a suitable height to ensure safety of the tourists but with a perfect view. The existing trees should be preserved and not disturbed for placement of any design element. Provision of separate balconies for each cottage. To provide recreational spaces near the cottages.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To study architecture suitable to the surroundings and characteristic elements of the design. To understand the specific construction techniques by the river side. 2

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT Site planning with special emphasis on the design on outdoor spaces. Providing design solutions considering the building functions and its relation with the climate and environment.

LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT Design details with be provided on the basis of the scale of the project and also the amenities to be provided.

METHODOLOGY:

SYNOPSIS LITERATURE STUDY Library Magazines Web source

DATA COLLECTION Primary source  Interview NBC Area statements

Introduction Aim Objectives Scope Limitations Need to study

Study of examples Data analysis Conclusion Design aspects

DESKTOP STUDY CASE STUDY COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS CONCLUSION IDENTIFYING THE SITE SITE ANALYSIS ARISING TO THE AREA STATMENTS DESIGN PROPOSAL PRELIMINARY DRAWINGS

FINAL DESIGN

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Topography, location , site surroundings , accessibility to site , climatology, services, circulation, land use, views, swot analysis

LITERATURE STUDY

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RESORT DEFINITION : A resort is a place used for relaxation , recreation , attracting visitors for holidays or vacations. Resorts are places , towns or sometimes commercial establishments operated by a single company. It is a fully – service lodging that provides access to or offers a range of amenities and recreation facilities to emphasize a leisure experience. Resort is a place where accommodation , reorientation are involved and most important is a place for enjoyment which drives the mind of a a visitor with its diversified activities. The resorts have a physical as well as psychological impact on the minds of the people. Traffic development and industrialization has lead to the urbanization which has stolen the mental peace of the human. In this endeavor of man to escape from the urban chaos has created resorts to quench his thirst for the peace. Nestling amidst lush green environs , embraced by hillocks or a forest reserve or any natural reserve , resort emerges as an enchanting retreat for everyone. One can enjoy the beauty of nature by taking a walk along the lonely pathways or playing on the lawns and feeling the carpet of green under the feet or taking a boat ride or plunging into the swimming pool or pending a quiet evening and recharging for the week ahead.

HISTORY OF RESORTS: The concept of leisure resort is not a product of modern age , but in fact resorts have been in existence for many centuries. Historically , the oldest resorts can be traced back to the Roman empire nearly two thousand years ago.

CONCEPT OF RESORTS: RESORT ENVIRONMENT – Give the resort a distinctive image and character that provides a contrast to the tourist‘s home environment. ENVIRONMENT ORIENTATION – Allow tourist appreciation of nature. COMMUNITY ORIENTATION – Allow tourist interaction with local residents and encourage learning of local culture. They should be designed in such a way that the privacy of the tourists is ensured. The concept of land using zoning is applicable to resorts. Relation to this conservation is maintenance of view planes and corridors so that there are views of important features from the building in the final development. 5

Activities are to be provided in order to keep the tourists engaged. The materials used are to be environment friendly , which emits less pollution into the environment.

TYPES OF RESORTS HERITAGE RESORT : It includes numerous historic architectural monuments , archaeological and heritage sites. The monuments could be maintained by converting them into resorts and could be protected.

CULTURAL RESORT : It includes museums and culture centres traditions of dress, music , drama , etc. It relates to regions specific cultures and traditions.

HEALTH RESORT : The major sources of attraction may be favourable climate or certain systems of medication , for the medical benefits of hot water springs and fountains or for certain medicinal herbs and plant species growing in specific areas.

BEACH RESORT : A seaside resort is a resort town or resort hotel, located on the coast. Where a beach is the primary focus for tourists, it may be called a beach resort.

RIVERFRONT RESORT-A riverside resort is a resort town or resort hotel, located on the river bank. Where a river is the primary focus for tourists, it may be called a riverside or riverfront resort.

HILL RESORT- When the resort is situated in hilly tourist places ,they are termed as hill resorts. Hill resorts are way from the cities and people usually visit these resorts for recreation and therapeutic purposes.

SCIENCE RESORT –This includes technological parks , science museums , amusement parks and planetariums.

GOLF RESORT :Golf Resorts is a full service lodging facility, that cater specifically to the sport of golf, and provides access to a golf course. Golf Resorts typically offer golf packages that provide visitors with all greens, cart fees, range balls, accommodations and meals. sports, entertainment, shopping, etc.).

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SKI RESORT - A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports. These resorts are mainly used by people of certain age groups.

SPA RESORT - A destination spa is a resort centered on a spa, such as a mineral spa. Historically many such spas were developed at the location of natural hot springs or mineral springs. Resort spas are generally located in resorts and offer similar services via rooms with services, meals, body treatments and fitness.

ARCHITECTURE AND RESORTS: Resort immensely relate to architecture and environment. The ideal goal to be achieved is to provide an architectural design which would analyze to be an attractive , permanent and shall be distinct in design and accordance to the environment in which it exists. The main aspects that define a resort and are responsible for its popularity and development are relative of the location and industrialization preservation of landscape , individuality , architecture of the place and its culture are gradual to be strictly dealt. The basic requirements are same as that of hotel. But spaces surrounded and provided for guests are more liberal and landscaped. Thus a resort consists of loosely arranged groups of one or two stored guest house or cottages set in landscaped gardens and taking full advantage of scenic site and its setting. Architecture has very essential and strong bond with tourism. Invariable architect town planners are responsible for the protection of environment , culture and history of the place and their interest in dealing with all the relative aspects and existing conditions.

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COTTAGES: INTRODUCTION The word ―cottage‖ comes from England, where this small style of home was very common. Many of the first cottages had a ground floor with the bedrooms quaintly fitting within the roof space of the home. During the Middle Ages, this style of home was used to house farmers and their families. The homes at this time were relatively small and sometimes referred to as ―huts.‖ The term cottage denoted the dwelling of a ―cotter‖ or ―peasant.‖ The cottage was later to be described as a home with 4 rooms, two upstairs and two downstairs. This idea has changed dramatically over the years, and cottages today are much larger, though they still boast many of the old-fashioned design elements that made the original so appealing. A cottage style home is often simply considered a holiday home in certain parts of the world, including the United States and Scandinavia. In the United States, cottages are often thought to be summer residences that are typically located near a body of water or resort. Many people escape to their cottages on the weekends or throughout the summer months.

Today, people use cottage house plans to build homes that are modest in size and often have a cozy and inviting vibe. The original cottages were typically located in a rural or semirural setting and always seem to possess the perfect balance of style, comfort, and function. Cottages can also be found quaintly adorning the banks of rivers, the edges of lakes, and other bodies of water. They have been in existence for centuries and, although cottages have changed a lot over the years, they still have a lot of things in common with the cottage homes of today. Cottages are of great help to urbanized world providing natural surroundings and change of environment. It is a place for spending complete holiday in a serene and scenic atmosphere away from the maddening crowd of the city and enjoys the beauty of the nature in pleasant atmosphere and cool air landscape and is seeking to alter the physical landscape as well. The holiday cottage exists in many cultures under different names. In American English, "cottage" is one term for such holiday homes, although they may also be called a "cabin", "chalet", or even "camp".

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HISTORY OF COTTAGES Originally in the Middle Ages, cottages housed agricultural workers and their friends and families. The term cottage denoted the dwelling of a cotter. Thus, cottages were smaller peasant units (larger peasant units being called messuages). In that early period, a documentary reference to a cottage would most often mean, not a small stand-alone dwelling as today, but a complete farmhouse and yard. Thus, in the Middle Ages, the word cottage denoted not just a dwelling, but included at least a dwelling (domus) and a barn (grangia), as well as, usually, a fenced yard or piece of land enclosed by a gate (portum). Later on, "cottage" might also have denoted a smallholding comprising houses, outbuildings, and supporting farmland or woods. A cottage, in this sense, would typically include just a few acres of tilled land. Examples of this type included the Welsh Tŷ unnos or "house in a night", built by squatters on a plot of land defined by the throw of an axe from each corner of the property. Much later, from around the 18th century onwards, the development of industry led to the development of weavers' cottages and miners' cottages.

Modern usage in Britain and Ireland In popular modern culture the term cottage is used in a more general and romantic context and can date from any era but the term is usually applied to pre-modern dwellings. Older, pre-Victorian cottages tend to have restricted height, and often have construction timber exposed, sometimes intruding into the living space. Modern renovations of such dwellings often seek to re-expose timber purlins, rafters, posts etc. which have been covered, in an attempt to establish perceived historical authenticity. Older cottages are typically modest, often semi-detached or terraced, with only four basic rooms ("two up, two down"), although subsequent modifications can create more spacious accommodation. A labourer's or fisherman's one-roomed house, often attached to a larger property, is a particular type of cottage and is called a penty. The term cottage has also been used for a larger house.

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TYPES OF COTTAGES MOBILE COTTAGES - This type of cottage is movable and can be attached to a truck and pulled to the desired spot. This type of cottage has inbuilt facilities that allow one to enjoy the comfort of a mobile home without unnecessary having to pack for holidays as one moves with their possessions. The mobile cottages are very popular and affordable. The design of a mobile cottage allows the owner to use the main room, kitchen area, bedrooms and composite bath and toilet for their comfort.

FOREST COTTAGES - These cottages are commonly found in a forest. The users are attracted to the privacy or are nature enthusiasts who give them a unique location in the forest. Forest cottages are very popular with bounty hunters, campers, mountain climbers, students on vacation among others. These cottages are well secured and have reliable septic systems. They are also well resourced to have the necessitie s in term of water and lighting.

FARM COTTAGES - These types of cottages are very common in rural or semi-rural areas. They take the old countryside appearance and are made from locally available materials such as a thatched grace for the roof and roof for the cabin. Farm cottages are very convenient even for vacation seekers as one can learn and enjoy about farming or ranching. Farm cottages are common especially in apple, grape farms that have wineries or farms that breed horses among other animals.

ARCHITECTURE AND COTTAGES: Cottage immensely relate to architecture and environment. The ideal goal to be achieved is to provide an architectural design which would analyze to be an attractive , permanent and shall be distinct in design and accordance to the environment in which it exists. The main aspects that define a riverside cottage and are responsible for its popularity and development are relative of the location and industrialization preservation of landscape , individuality , architecture of the place and its culture are gradual to be strictly dealt. Architecture has very essential and strong bond with tourism. Invariable architect town planners are responsible for the protection of environment , culture and history of the place and their interest in dealing with all the relative aspects and existing conditions. In cottage, wide range of activities are placed much close to the nature and also to the physical as well as climatic state of that particular region with respect to context, tools study of heritage and environmental balance.

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The basic requirements are same as that of hotel. But spaces surrounded and provided for guests are more liberal and landscaped. Thus a riverside cottage consists of loosely arranged groups of one or two stored guest cottages set in landscaped gardens and taking full advantage of scenic site and its setting.

CONCEPT OF COTTAGES: COTTAGE ENVIRONMENT – Give the cottages a distinctive image and character that provides a contrast to the tourist‘s home environment. ENVIRONMENT ORIENTATION – Allow tourist appreciation of nature. COMMUNITY ORIENTATION – Allow tourist interaction with local residents and encourage learning of local culture. They should be designed in such a way that the privacy of the tourists is ensured. The concept of land using zoning is applicable to cottages. Relation to this conservation is maintenance of view planes and corridors so that there are views of important features from the building in the final development. Activities are to be provided in order to keep the tourists engaged. The materials used are to be environment friendly , which emits less pollution into the environment.

COMPONENTS: PUBLIC ZONE – This zone consists of reception , recreation ,parking , restaurant and library. ADMINISTRATION ZONE - It is nerve centre for control and coordination of all activities. General administration areas include mangers room , director room , accounts room , stores, security. Administration should be placed close to all areas which requires supervision. SERVICE ZONE – Supporting building services include electric substation , water storage , boiler rooms for hot water supply , laundry services , house keeping . ACCOMODATION – Each cottage should be provided with modern amenities like hot and cold water supply, dressing room , telephone , sit out. They should have scenic views from their rooms.

LEISURE AND RECREATION: Leisure and recreation are related , but they are different things. Which leisure has commonly been thought of as , period of time or state of mind and recreation as an active space, the contemporary view in much broader and more humanistic. The view sees leisure as a context for pleasure , self expression and recreation as what happens , people as direct result of activities or experience. Recreation is not a point in time or space. It is an emotional condition independent of activity achievement or satisfaction and can occur at any time and in many places. The resorts include many aspects of a city , where an individual can experience freedom , diversity self – expression , challenge or enrichment.

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GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Administration block Cottages Restaurant Games facilities Children‘s play area Landscaped environments Parking areas

The major Himalayan River systems are: • The Indus River System • The Ganga River System • The Yamuna River System • The Brahmaputra River System The major Peninsular River Systems are: • Mahanadi • Godavari • Krishna • Cauvery

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Common Open Space Requirements. 1. The common open space shall abut at least 50 percent of the cottages in a cottage housing development. 2. Cottages shall abut on at least two sides of the common open space. 3. Cottages shall be oriented around and have the main entry from the common open space. 4. Cottages shall be within 60 feet walking distance of the common open space. 5. Open space shall include at least one courtyard, plaza, garden, or other central open space, with access to all units. The minimum dimensions of this open space are 15 feet by 20 feet. Porches. Cottage facades facing the common open space or common pathway shall feature a roofed porch at least 80 square feet in size with a minimum dimension of eight feet on any side. Cottages and accessory buildings within a particular cluster shall be designed within the same ―family‖ of architectural styles. Example elements include: 1. Similar building/roof form and pitch; 2. Similar siding materials; 3. Similar porch detailing; and/or 4. Similar window trim. Required Private Open Space. Required private open space shall be adjacent to each dwelling unit, for the exclusive use of the cottage resident(s). The space shall be usable (not on a steep slope) and oriented toward the common open space as much as possible, with no dimension less than 10 feet.

Standard

Requirement

Maximum Floor Area/Cottage

1,200 SF

Maximum Floor Area/Ground or Main Floor

800 SF (1,000 SF for single story cottages)

Minimum Common Space (see EMC 19.06.050, Design Standards, for more info)

400 SF/unit

Minimum Private Open Space (see EMC 19.06.050, Design Standards, for more info)

200 SF/unit

Maximum Height for Cottages

25' (all parts of the roof above 18' shall be pitched)

Setbacks (to exterior property lines)

Same as applicable zoning district

Minimum Distance Between Structures (including accessory structures)

10'

Maximum Height for Accessory Structures

18'

Minimum Parking Spaces per Cottage

1.5

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River-side construction restrictions: Andhra Pradesh and Telangana: 100m from the boundary of the river outside the municipal corporation / municipality / nagara panchayat limits and 50m within their limits. The boundary of the river shall be as fixed and certified by the irrigation department and revenue department. Assam: River and notified bodies : 15 m. Pond or other notified bodies : 10 m Madhya Pradesh: 30m from Rivers or lakes/ponds/reservoirs or nala/canal or flood affected areas Chhattisgarh: 100m from Mahanadi Canal is a green belt and no construction is allowed

Bihar: No Construction or re-construction of any building shall be allowed within a strip of land of 200 m or such other higher distance as may be prescribed from time to time by the State Government from the outer boundary of the river of Ganges (as prescribed by the irrigation department) shall be permitted (except for repair and renovation of heritage buildings) and in the case of other rivers, no construction or re-construction of any building shall be allowed within a strip of land of 100 meters. Karnataka: A buffer of 45 m is assumed all along the flow of the river on both banks, which shall be treated as a no-development zone. Maharashtra: If the site is within a distance of 9 m from the edge of water mark of a minor watercourse (like nallah) and 15 m from the edge of water mark of a major water course (like river) shown in the development plan or village/city survey map or otherwise.

STAR RATING Hotel ratings are often used to classify hotels according to their quality. From the initial purpose of informing travellers on basic facilities that can be expected, the objectives of hotel rating has expanded into a focus on the hotel experience as a whole. Today the terms 'grading', 'rating', and 'classification' are used to generally refer to the same concept, that is to categorize hotels. There is a wide variety of rating schemes used by different organizations around the world. Many have a system involving stars, with a greater number of stars indicating greater luxury. Food services, entertainment, view, room variations such as size and additional amenities, spas and fitness centres, ease of access and location may be considered in establishing a standard.

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Hotels are independently assessed in traditional systems and rest heavily on the facilities provided. Some consider this disadvantageous to smaller hotels whose quality of accommodation could fall into one class but the lack of an item such as an elevator would prevent it from reaching a higher categorization. The features and amenities may not be available at condominiums, apartment-style facilities, bed-and-breakfasts, and other specialty properties. Items listed may not all be offered at every property in a specific rating classification. Some criteria may vary from country to country. Our hotel star rating classifications are not a representation or promise of any particular feature or amenity. National Ratings National Ratings awarded by the regional rating authorities appear for hotels in Europe and parts of Asia. When the national rating does not correspond to our display of 1.0 to 5.0-stars, additional information regarding the rating is listed in an advisory box, located in the Hotel Details section.

These basic motels, hostels, and dormitories offer no-frills accommodations with minimal onsite facilities. Public access and guest reception may not operate 24 hours. Daily housekeeping service may not be offered. Guestrooms are small and functional, but may not have private bathrooms, TVs, or in-room telephones.

These budget properties offer clean accommodations. Most offer 24-hour reception, daily housekeeping service, TVs, telephones, clothes racks or small closets, and private bathrooms—possibly with showers only. On-site dining is usually limited to a Continental breakfast.

Properties in this classification place a greater emphasis on comfort and service, with many offering an on-site restaurant and bar. Baggage assistance is often available. Guestrooms typically feature more space, comfortable seating, and better quality bedding. Bathrooms are often larger, with shower/tub combinations and expanded counter space.

Lobbies typically offer upscale decor and multiple conversational areas. Services often include a dedicated concierge, valet parking, turndown service by request, and 24-hour room service. Guestrooms usually feature superior amenities such as large beds, additional seating, minibars, laptop-compatible safes, pillowtop mattresses, bathrobes, and upscale bath products. Decorative features such as crown molding, bathroom artwork, and granite or marble accents may appear. Resorts, and some hotels in Asia, customarily feature full-service spas, tennis courts, golf access, child-care services, and upgraded pools with poolside food servers.

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Fresh flowers, original art, and luxurious furnishings often adorn the lobbies. Amenities customarily include fine-dining restaurants (occasionally award-winning), 24-hour room service with hot food items, and automatic turndown service. Personalised service aims to anticipate guest needs. Guestrooms typically feature premium hardwood furniture, luxurious bedding with triple sheeting, and large bathrooms with separate bathtubs and showers, and materials such as granite or marble.

Amenities typically include gourmet dining, luxury spas, and full-service health clubs with lavish locker rooms. Staff members are generally polished, anticipate guest needs, and consistently address guests by name. Features may include upgraded check-in, a welcome amenity, and butler service on all or select floors. Guestroom decor is often elegant and may include coordinated fabrics on drapes, chairs, headboards, and duvets. Electronic features sometimes include bedside controls for drapes, lighting, and surround-sound. Oversized bathrooms are often clad in marble, with premium, custom-built features, dual-sink vanities, enclosed toilets, premium spa-brand toiletries, and fresh flowers or live plants. Five-star resorts typically offer signature golf courses, tennis centres with choice of playing surfaces, health clubs with personal trainers, luxurious spas, cultural activities, and children's day camps. In Asia, both hotels and resorts often feature some of these amenities.

CONFERENCE ROOM Allow 48″ between table and wall for minimum clearances Allow 56″ between table and wall for more comfortable space Allow 16″ to walk sideways between chair and wall Allow 24″ to walk between chair and wall without turning sideways Allow 30″ side to side per chair Allow 56″ between table and visual display board Allow 36″ bending space to use under counter cabinets or lower shelves of bookcase Allow 24″ to 30″ for standing and presenting material on wall TV or monitor viewing recommended at 30 to 45 degrees from centre of the screen.

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SEATING CAPACITY

SUGGESTED ROOM SIZE

MINIMUM ROOM SIZE

4-6

15’ x 13’

14’ x 12’

6-8

17’ x 13’

16’ x 12’

8-10

19’ x 13’

18’ x 12’

10-12

21’ x 13’

20’ x 12’

12-14

24’ x 14’

23’ x 13’

BANQUET HALL

A function hall, reception hall, or banquet hall is a room or building for the purpose of hosting a party, banquet, wedding or other reception, or other social event. Function halls are often found within pubs, clubs, hotels, or restaurants. A banquet usually serves a purpose such as a charitable gathering, a ceremony, or a celebration, and is often preceded or followed by speeches in honour of someone. In the majority of banquets, the gathering is seated at round tables with around 8-10 people per table.

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DATA COLLECTION

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LOCATION Sites with water and electricity available are to be preferred. Sewage has to be disposed off quickly and easily. For larger sites disposal systems with septic tanks or with complete rotary distributor systems are needed. The building layout types may take the form of pavilions , blocks of building containing many bedrooms, suites of bedrooms , huts , separate or in small groups. A large area of site adjacent to the main building should be kept open and available as a recreation space. If a pavilion type layout is adopted, the distance should be kept open and available as a recreation space. An adequate amount of landscaping between blocks not only adds to the appearance , but also increases privacy especially when the balconies or covered porches attached to the adjoining blocks from one another.

PARKING Covered parking may be desirable for about 10 to 25% of the motor car accommodation. The car parks should not be planned in opposition where their use is disturbing to any sleeping accommodation and should occupy a position where the entrances and exits are capable of control.

DRIVES AND TURNING CIRCLES Gateways should never be less than 2.36m. The minimum turning radius for the average car is 6.09m 7.62m is more satisfactory allowance and reduces the risk of damage of grass and curbs and to the wings of the car by contact with boundary walls. The construction of drives should be sufficiently strong to permit moderately heavy traffic up to about 2 ton loads to pass over it without damage to the surface.

MAIN ENTRANCE The main entrance door should open, into a vestibule or a small opening. Separate space for the pedestrian approach is to be provided. This should lead directly into the resort and may form the main axis but passes the reception building so that the latter exercises some control over all persons entering or leaving the site.

RECEPTION In many resorts the arrival times must be after a fixed time such as 4 or 5 p.m. And often desire the g not later than 10 a.m. In consequences of the fixed arrival times, a large proportion of new visitors have to be dealt at the reception office in a very short period of time. The reception buildings incorporate the management offices of the resort and may be a separate building or may form a part of the main building of the resort.

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The reception unit is set back from the main road to allow for the vehicles to drive up to the doors to set down passengers and luggage and also to allow vehicles to wait picking up visitors without obstructing the main road. A full length counter which may be divided into section for clerks dealing with reservations of various groups of tourists , for cashiers , general information , etc. Large resorts need considerable space for shops and kiosks. Storage space -files , stationary and literature should be available in the shops and also in the offices.

LOUNGES This room may be used for dancing or concerts , involves a considerable amount of labour ,which is rapidly followed by the replacement of furniture ready for breakfast. Large glass areas , overlooking the gardens , should form the outer walls, terraces and covered veranda opening from the public rooms as additional lounge space are very desirable. A good proportion of the window area should be capable of opening to provide , on occasion , semi open air appearance to the rooms and to add to a general effect and comfort on summer evenings.

ACCOMMODATION The types of accommodation have to be varied to meet different needs. There considerable demand for groups of rooms, more especially 1 double bed room with 1 or 2 single rooms adjoining for family use. The maximum of privacy for each person , couple or family is the desirable aim and the most difficult factor provide satisfactorily. Single rooms -floor at least 6 sq.m and the  double rooms not less than 9 sq.m , these areas are not only desirable for health , but the necessary furniture cannot be accommodated in less space. The other requirements include  a combined dressing table chest of drawers with mirror attached or on the wall above it ,  a wardrobe or curtained hanging space for clothes, where luggage may also often being of a resort folding armchair type, which can also be used in the veranda or in the gardens.

COTTAGES Verandahs are desirably attached to each cottage for use as a semi- private sitting space and as a shelter in bad weather , in addition they provide a protection to the room when the door is open. Verandahs should not be less than 1.2m wide, desk chairs are about 1.2m long without leg rests and cannot be used with comfort in a space less than 1.8m long, a width of 1.2m permits the use of folding chairs of the type sp often provided in the bedrooms. Cottages should be about 1.5m apart in order to isolate them and reduce the penetration of sound. Access paths should be constructed of hard materials such as paving , which keep clean and dry quickly in wet weather. Artificial lighting should be provided.

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The rows of chalets must be spaced far enough apart to provide an access path, not less than 1.8m wide, separated from the veranda by grass and/or flower beds to assist privacy. Access paths should be constructed of hard materials such as paving , which keep clean and dry quickly in wet weather. Artificial lighting should be provided. Chalets probably give more privacy, with less penetration of noise.

BEDROOM The room should be occupied by essential furniture and equipment, which usually consists of a bed ,a dressing table , a chest of drawers , cup-boards or wardrobe , chairs and a fire place. The door should not be placed on the same wall as the bed heads except in very small rooms, but when this is necessary a space of at least 45cm must be allowed for a bed side table or chair. The ideal aspect for bedroom is south-east so as to be bright early in the morning , during the day light hours.

GENERAL DATA Single beds are from 75cm to 1m. Double beds are 1.2m wide to 1.5m wide but the most common size is 1.3m. Twin beds, if each size is 1m wide require at least 2m when placed together the length of bed is usually 2m. A space of at least 60cm should be allowed on each side of the head of a double or twin beds for side tables. Cup-boards for the storage of clothes are better if partially lined with cedar wood as a protection against moths. A lavatory basin requires a wall space of at least 90cm and is considerably more is desirable, consideration must also be given to provision of good light for a mirror placed over the basin. Windows in bedrooms are satisfactory with the glass line 1m above the floor level, and they should extend to an opening height of at least 2m above the floor.

BEDS OF DIFFERENT SIZES

DRESSING TABLE

BATH TUB 21

WC AND SINK

DINING ROOM: • • •

•

It is essential that the dining rooms should have an area sufficient to seat the maximum number of visitors which the resort can accommodate at one time. The floor area should be based on an allowance of at least 1 s.q.m/ person up to the maximum number , this permits of more generous spacing at times other than peak periods. Spans of dining rooms should be as large as possible , in order to avoid supports obstructing the floor area, if plans are fairly large , light should be provided from roof lights or clerestory windows for the parts of the room away from the outside walls has the constant use of artificial light is costly in buildings of this character. Windows may be made to open more easily than the top lights, thus providing ventilation to the rooms at a high lever near the centre of the floor space.

DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN FIGURES:

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DIMENSIONS OF STAIRS , RAMPS , LIFTS

STAIRCASE

RAMP

ELEVATOR

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RECREATION INTRODUCTION: Types of open spaces may be divided roughly into 2 main categories , namely: public or communal use, and private, for the use of owners only. The public open spaces may include parks, gardens, recreation spaces, and children‘s play areas, open-air baths , all of which may be grouped together or provided separately. Any sufficiently large open space may be developed for one of these purposes and advantage should be taken of sites not suitable for building development, such as woodlands, low-lying ground at the sides of streams, etc. The children‘s play areas can with great advantage be placed near dwellings or in back placed land in the centres of groups of houses, thus avoiding the necessity of journeys and road crossings to reach the large public parks. Care should be taken to grade and drain public spaces properly , so as to ensure reasonable dryness and rapid drying after rain. Grass makes the best surface for play areas when properly drained. Drinking fountains should be provided in all public open spaces. Proper facilities are necessary for watering the grounds.

CHILDREN’S PLAY AREA: All apparatus should be placed apart from general recreation and game space, preferably in the shade. Dangerous apparatus should be avoided or used only supervision. The apparatus must not only be beneficial to the children , but attractive. Swings and any other quickly moving apparatus are best placed at the sides or in the corners of the game space , to avoid children running into them when playing ball or other games.

SWINGS: Chair type swings are frequently provided for small children, with this type there is less risk of small children falling backwards. To avoid the chair swings by older children , they should be small dimensions (12 inches wide only). Swings for older children usually arranged in sets of from 3 to eight , with uprights placed between every 2 or 3 wings. A space of at least 4 feet is needed between each swing and a general height of 10 or 12 feet to the cross bar. Chains should be used to support the seats, which have rubber buffers on the edges to prevent serious injury to the children.

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SEE-SAW: This apparatus is generally used for smaller children . The longer and safer it is , the safer it becomes. It is usual to provide a plank 12 to 14 ft long , 10 in wide, and 2 in thick, with all ends and edges carefully rounded. The standard on which the plank swings and is fixed is generally 24 in high. On the underside of the ends of the plank should be fixed wooden , rubber – covered bumpers 8 in high.

RINGS: This apparatus is similar to the swing , but provides facilities for arm exercises. Rings should be at various heights , but 5 to 6 ft is a good average

OTHER APPARATUS: Climbing ladders and ropes. Entertainment apparatus , such as merry-go-rounds , slides , miniature motor racing tracks , etc. Slightly raised platforms of wood are sometimes provided for the smaller children to use for floor games, covered with a permanent roof on posts, or with adjustable canvas sun blinds.

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DESKTOP STUDY ATALI GANGA RISHIKESH

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LOCATION:

Atali Dogi, Milestone 30, Badrinath Road, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India Atali Ganga, India‘s first Activotel has been listed by Conde Nast Traveller among the 50 Best New Hotels In The World. Atali Ganga is situated in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand which is a six hour drive by Road and a 30 minute flight from New Delhi. The Activotel began its operations in April 2012 and is a brain child of Vaibhav Kala who also owns and runs Aquaterra Adventures.

INTRODUCTION: Over the years, the stretch of the Ganga river (India‘s holiest river, which makes the Great IndoGangetic plain) above the pilgrim town of Rishikesh had infrastructure that was limited and catered mainly to the pilgrim traffic headed up to the holy shrines of Kedarnath and Badrinath. Very little existed for the leisure and active traveler, or the vacationer, considering this is the quickest one can get to the Himalaya. Atali Ganga set amidst reserved Forest and over 300 trees, has changed all that. Distinguished by its use of stone, reed and steel wire, the project abandons a commonplace aesthetic and other such iconographic elements to distinguish itself in favor of a building that draws its aesthetic from the means, methods and modes of its construction. The resort consists of a stone building that houses a storage facility on the lower level and a dormitory on the upper level, a veranda with a tensile roof that frames the surrounding mountains, a cafe and cottages for guests. The first building, made of stone, encased in galvanized gabion boxes and tied to each other with steel wire was constructed predominantly out of material that was either found on site or excavated from it.

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The cottages sit comfortably and responsibly on the hill, they have an ageless quality about them. People come to see the architecture! The cottages that dot the upper levels are characterized by their spartan luxuriousness. Entered through a private verandah, a central stone wall demarcates the tripartite bathroom from the bedroom. Extensively glazed, they open themselves up to the surrounding landscape.

ATTRACTIVE ASPECTS: 1.

Beautiful Location:

Surrounded by reserved forest and with over 200 trees spread over the location, we offer a chic charm amidst Atali‘s rustic and rugged ambience

2. Exciting Adventures: Go River Rafting on the Ganga, Kayaking, Wall Climbing, Mountain Biking, Hiking, Yoga, World-Class High-Ropes Course or even Camping out for a night within the property.

3. Friendly Atmosphere: Atali offers 22 private, comfortable and independent cottages overlooking the Ganga valley, a 60 seater restaurant – the White Water Café and even Conference facilities.

4.

Corporate Holidays:

Get away from the comfort of your board-rooms for senior management team-building, sales conferences, brainstorming and strategising.

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ACCOMODATION: Independent Cottages: Independent One Roomed Cottages: 16 •250 sq.ft cottages with a 85 sq.ft deck •Double bed. An additional hide-away bed for one child. •Deck with great views on 3 sides.

Deluxe Cottages: Two Roomed Family Cottage with Interconnecting Rooms: 1 •This unit has 2 interconnected rooms •Both rooms have independent washroom •Ideal for families with 2 adults and 2 kids. •Can also be used as 2 independent cottages.

Duplex Styled Deluxe Cottage: Two Roomed Unconnected Duplex Family Cottages: 2 •This unit twin storied single structure, connected by an external staircase •Both rooms have independent Washrooms •Ideal for families with 2 adults and 2 grown up kids. •Can also be used as 2 independent cottages.

FACILITIES: 1. Swimming pool 2. Winter café 3. Conference halls 4. Outdoor seating with bonfire

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ADVENTEROUS ACTIVITIES: 1. 2. 3. 4.

River rafting High ropes course Kayaking Inflatable kayaking

ANALYSIS: • • • •

Every cottage has a view to the building surroundngs around. Provision of adventurous activities adds a good experience to the stay. Outdoor seating with a bon fire attracts the people. The 3 types of cottages help the people to choose accourding to comfort and budget.

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DESKTOP STUDY X2 RIVER KWAI THAILAND

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LOCATION:

Architects: Agaligo studio Location: Unnamed Road, Nong Ya, Mueang Kanchanaburi District, Kanchanaburi 71000, Thailand Area: 3023.0 sqm Project Year: 2014 Lighting Design: Studio Accent Engineering: M-Square Engineering

X2 River Kwai is located on the most beautiful stretch of the Kwai Noi River. With a spectacular backdrop of the mountain range and clear, blue sky, the resort boasts a breathtaking river view. Its grounds are surrounded by rice paddies, sugar cane plantations, local temples, and small villages, the signature scenery of Kanchanaburi. X2 River Kwai‘s resort facilities offer a restaurant & bistro with an outdoor deck, a library, and an infinity swimming pool.

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The resort is the brainchild collaboration between its owner and the architect. The design theme took inspiration from Kanchanaburi‘s unique history combined with the essence of its location near the historic railway, bridge, and river. The result is an avant-garde designed resort that embraces the local character. In creating the sense of place, the architecture of X2 River Kwai adopted the ―light structure‖ concept to construct the project. Light structure is commonly seen throughout the local neighbourhood setting such as on houses, rafts, and bridges, which are mainly built with wood and bamboo.

Steel trusses of factories, mining equipment, and the distinct monument, The Bridge over River Kwai, can also be considered as light structures, which encompass the ―slim but strong‖ philosophy. With the triangulated members, this kind of structural system gives us freedom to build things that almost ―fly in the air‖. This quality of flying or floating is used to create the place and to give X2 River Kwai a special experience. LuXe Cabin guests can enjoy the panoramic view of the River Kwai from their ―flying‖ decks that stretch into the vast nature while Pool Xide Cabin guests can rest on private ―raft‖ terraces and soak their feet in the infinity pools.

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SITE PLAN:

FIRST FLOOR PLAN:

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ROOF PLAN:

SECTION AA:

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SECTION BB:

ELEVATION:

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The resort is designed with a sustainable and eco-friendly attitude.

REDUCE: Employing basic materials such as concrete, OSB board, natural mountain stone, and steel, all supplies can be sourced locally. This approach, we believe, is an inventive way to create a sense of ―unpretentious luxury‖. The OSB and joint rubber wooden boards, materials that are planted particularly for commercial usage, are selected to be used extensively in this project. Other sustainable materials include color-bonded corrugated steel and wood fiber cement boards for outdoor decks.

Energy usage: is also greatly reduced by the extensive installation of high efficiency insulation materials along the walls, roofs and thermal-insulated pipes. All rooms are equipped with electrical key tag to cut off the electricity when the guest leaves the room. Another unique feature is the automatic air conditioner cut-off system, which is triggered when the glass door stays opened for more than 5 minutes. LED lights are installed extensively throughout the entire project to reduce electricity consumption

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In addition, throughout the construction process, the big rain trees have been deliberately conserved for both landscaping and energy-saving purposes. The trees are an essential part in absorbing Co2 and natural air-conditioning system, and they greatly aid in the cool down of the surrounding air temperature. Lying in the tree shades, hotel guests can comfortably relax and enjoy the river breeze all day long.

REUSE: One can also spot that the resort reuses many of the abandoned industrial materials and turns them into chic industrial decorative. Some examples of our creative inventions include: abandoned steel pipes transformed into outdoor light fittings and indoor cloth racks, unused machinery and old electric motors converted into tables and industrial sculptures, and abandoned aluminum strips altered into wall cladding

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RECYCLE: The riverside location of the property enables the resort to use river water for landscape irrigation. The resort also adopts waste management, sorting rubbish into different recycle categories

WEDDINGS AND EVENTS: The design concept of X2 River Kwai Resort was inspired by the notorious Thai-Burma Railway made famous in the 1957 Hollywood produced movie: ―The Bridge on the River Kwai‖. Proved to be a very popular resort used for TV filming, high-fashion magazines or PR and media events, the idyllic natural settings facing the river bend and multiple details in the design play an important part as to why it has become such a high in-demand venue. Offering both exclusivity and privacy, it is the perfect romantic set-up for pre-wedding photoshoots, weddings or any special event couples wish to celebrate. Along with a team of highly experienced event professionals, we offer two X2 pre-wedding photo shootings packages as well as a X2 Designer Wedding package which can be tailor-made to your demands allowing a truly personalized event.

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Rooms: X2 River Kwai consists of 22 rooms, all facing the Kwai Noi River which offers spectacular views and serenity. The resort is located on 2 acres (6 Rai) of prime riverside location with every room offering uninterrupted panoramic river views over the idyllic countryside. There are 6 room types at X2 River Kwai all facing the beautiful Kwai Noi River. The PoolXide Cabins and PoolXide Cabin Suites are located on the ground floor and the Suite has an additional spacious living room. The LuXe Cabin and LuXe Cabin Suite are located on the 2nd story in the colored blocks, again the suites come with an additional spacious living room. The unique XFloat Cabins rests upon the rivers surface and come with full amenities including bathtub, private rooftop sundeck and speculator river views. The unique XFloat and XFloat LuXe Cabins rests upon the rivers surface and come with full amenities including bathtub, private rooftop sundeck and speculator river views. Additionally, the XFloat LuXe Cabins offer a spacious terrace with kayak dock and chilling net over the water.

LuXe Cabin

PoolXide Cabin Suites Xfloat:

FACILITIES: The Bridge Bar & Bistro Music, movie & magazine library An infinity riverfront pool with sun lounges and sunbeds Bicycles on loan Travel and tour assistance Safe deposit boxes Laundry / Valet

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CASE-STUDY 1

HORNBILL RIVER RESORT. DANDELI

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LOCATION: Location : Ambeli Village, Near Supa Dam, Ganeshgudi , Joida , SH 34, Dandeli, Karnataka 581365 -

Nearest airport – Hubli airport (79 km away) Nearest Railway station – Alanavar junction (24 km) Nearest tourist place – Goa (100km)

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Ambeli village is located in Supa Tehsil of Uttara Kannada district in Karnataka, India. It is situated 23km away from sub-district headquarter Joida and 110km away from district headquarter Karwar. As per 2009 stats, Aveda is the gram panchayat of Ambeli village. The total geographical area of village is 2732.05 hectares. Ambeli has a total population of 191 peoples. There are about 46 houses in Ambeli village. Dandeli is nearest town to Ambeli which is approximately 26km away.

Total Area

8.5 km2 (3.3 sq mi)

Avg. summer temperature

27 °C (81°F)

Avg. winter temperature

18°C (64 °F)

The resort is located in ambeli village Dandeli elevation – 472m The main river in dandeli is The Kali River or Kalinadi, is a river flowing through Karwar, Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka state in India. The river rises near Diggi, a small village in Uttar Kannada district

CLIMATE OF DANDELI: Dandeli is the most famous wildlife tourist place in Karnataka and one of the best summer destinations from Bangalore. The climate remains pleasant all through the year but the best time to visit Dandeli is from October to May. Summers in Dandeli are not on the hotter side as the average temperature remains around 33°C. During this season, quite a good number of people from different parts of the world pay a visit here. 45

DANDELI CULTURE: With such a diverse population, Dandeli is a culturally rich city. The different castes and religions allow for a melting pot of various traditions and festivals that are joyously celebrated here.  The main festivals include Dussehra, Ganesh Chaturthi, and Diwali, with the Ramleela performed annually during Dussehra and this is when everyone comes together to participate with enthusiasm.  A temple dedicated to Dandelappa, who was said to be a loyal servant of the Mirashi landlords is a major tourist attraction in Dandeli. The culture of Dandeli is a beautiful combination of the various beliefs, traditions and practices of people from all over the country.

INTRODUCTION: Dandeli is a town in the western Indian state of Karnataka. The Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary, with its trails and dense forests, is home to animals including black panthers, monkeys and elephants, as well as many bird species. Hornbill river Resort is a wild life resort located on the banks of Kali River in Ambali village, Dandeli. River resort on the banks of River kali surrounded by thick forest. 19 cottages categorised into Stone Cottage, big Cottage , small cottage , tent house, tree house , cluster housing etc. Activities include bird watching, river rafting and river crossing ,kayaking , nature treks, naturalist guided tours. Recreational facilities include swimming pool, indoor games like carrom, chess, playing cards, etc. Conference room or instructing room ( gazebo ) accommodates upto 20 members.

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SITE LEVEL: HISTORY: - The resort started in the year 2000 . The jungle area was developed into a resort of 7 acres. Mission : To provide a wild life experience and stay. Ration of staff : Men > Women

ENTRANCE GATE

ACCESSIBILITY: -

Entry and Exit is the same for the resort ( only 1 ) The entry continues to the kitchen area for service entry The entry gate is 4m wide The path that continues to the kitchen is around 4m wide

Hierarchy of Roads/Pathways: -

Gate entry : 4m The road continues to kitchen area and reduces to 4m The pathways in the site for circulation are 1m

TOPOGRAPHY : -

The highest point of the resort is 515m high from the sea level It reduces to the lowest point ( where the river flows ) 500m The cottages are designed without disturbing the contour levels.

HIERARCHY OF ROADS: The pathways in the site descend from the roads to the walkways. The main entry – 4m The path continues till the kitchen area – 4m The walkways are 1m wide

SITE PLAN NOT TO SCALE

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SERVICES: Water supply : -

River water is supplied throughout the resort. It is distributed through various pipelines

Electricity : -

There is no electricity problem in that particular area. There may be a electricity problem during monsoon season due to heavy rains.

Sewage Disposal : Solid (garbage) – Private waste disposal Paper waste – separate area for burning in site Toilet waste – Waste water treatment Kitchen waste (liquid) – Waste water-treatment

Fire safety : -

Fire extinguisher are placed only in tree cottages and reception block. Metal roof has been used to protect fire from spreading River water is also used for fire safety (different pumps) throughout the site.

Water heating : -

Water heating is done through burning of wood. There is continuous supply of hot water It can heat upto 1000lts at a time.

Street lights along the pathways run on electricity. The waste from toilets is filtered and used for watering plants, undergoes waste water treatment.

Swimming pool : -

The cleaning is done daily Chlorine is added Cleaning is not done when not in use

A 3 foot depth stream is dug along pathway from highest point (kitchen) to the lowest point (river ) For the rainwater to directly flow into the river.

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BUILDING LEVEL: ZONING: 3 main zones : Public zone (garden near the river) Semi public zone (admin block , reception , pool, canteen) Private zone (cottages)

LEGEND PUBLIC ZONE SEMI PUBLIC ZONE PRIVATE ZONE

+15lvl +12lvl

PATHWAYS +8lvl

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+4lvl +0lvl

500m above sea level

SITE PLAN NOT TO SCALE

Kitchen

Big cottages, small cottages and cluster housing stone cottages and parking Admin block , tent houses and gazebo New cottages , big cottage , tent houses, tree houses River kali

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FORM AND FUNCTION: -

It is the natural form taken along the river The functioning of the site is justified by creating and flowing the cottages in the same manner. Almost all cottages get a view to river kali.

CIRCULATION: • •

Horizontal – pathways width 1m in site Vertical – the different levels in the site are separated by natural steps and artificial steps where required

SITE:

NOT TO SCALE 50

PLANNING STUDY ENTRY AND EXITS RAMPS: No proper ramps are provided on the site, the levels are covered with steps . The pathways have been designed according to the topography(levels) and with few alterations made. The entry to the cottages have a step of either 3 or 5. It is not barrier free.

SIGNAGES: No Proper signages provided from the entry gate

LIGHTING: RECEPTION: Open block with no walls Proper ventilation and lighting provided. More of double heights used.

COTTAGES: Pitched roof with a min height of 5m. Windows provided with proper ventilation. Artificial lights have been provided in each cottage.

ADVANCED SYSTEMS: No advanced systems of parking provided. Water is heated with the burning of wood . No solar panels used. Waste paper is burnt. Few wastes are dried and used in landscaping which are rich in minerals.

CICULATION ROUTES: The circulation paths in the resort have been made using stones. Lights have been used along the pathways.

SURROUNDINGS: Surrounding by a forest and river kali. The part of river is included in the site Particular activities take place in the river like rafting , crossing.

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NOISE: No disturbing factor around or within the resort Located beside a jungle and river And also many trees are planted between 2 cottages and trees absorb noise.

PARKING FACILITIES: There is no proper parking provided to the resort. They have placed a empty land where the vehicles get parked. Max of 10 cars n bus could fit in that property. Total staff – 15 members (2 women) Most of the staff stay in the resort staff quarters.

GARDEN AREA

PARKING AREA

RIVER KALI

WATER DRAINOUT ON SITE

WOOD USED FOR BONFIRE AND WATERHEATING 52

TENT HOUSE: (5) The Tent houses come with a typical forest stay. These cottages are covered with a portable shelter made of cloth, supported by one or more poles and stretched tight by cords or loops attached to pegs driven into the ground These cottages can accommodate 2 adults and 2 children.

MATERIALS USED: ROOF – Metal frame with WALLS – Bricks and cloth FURNITURE – wood. FLOORING – Tiles

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BIG COTTAGE: (2) The big cottages come with a veranda. The rooms in the cottages provide all modern amenities. These cottages can comfortably accommodate 2 adults and 2 children. These cottages get a view towards the river kali There is a small stream running adjacent to this cottage towards the river.

MATERIALS USED: ROOF –Clay tiles used on the above side. WALLS – Bricks FURNITURE – wood. FLOORING – Tiles

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TREE HOUSE: (2) A tree house is a platform constructed around, next to or among the trunk of a tree. It is completely built on tree. Wood and metal has been used for the construction. They have upgraded the tree houses. All modern techniques have been used while constructing a tree house. It can accommodate 2 adults and 2 children.

MATERIALS USED: ROOF – Metal frame with wooden cladding. WALLS – wood FURNITURE – wood FLOORING – wood

SCALE 1:50

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STONE COTTAGES: (2) These cottages are completely made up of stone It controls the exterior temperature. Keeps warm during winter season and keeps cool during summer season. These cottages can accommodate 2 adults and 2 children. Roof is made of metal sheets with support.

MATERIALS USED: ROOF – Metal frame with WALLS – stone FURNITURE – wood and stone FLOORING – cement

SCALE 1:50

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SMALL COTTAGE : (1) This cottage is the smallest cottages in the site. All modern amenities are provided in the cottages. Each cottage can accommodate 2 adults and 2 children. Proper ventilation is provided

MATERIALS USED: ROOF –Clay tiles used on the above side. WALLS – Bricks FURNITURE – wood FLOORING – Tiles

SCALE 1:50

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ADMIN BLOCK : Admin block consist of reception, dinning area , canteen and one public washroom. It is open and not covered with any wall Proper ventilation is provided

MATERIALS USED: ROOF –Clay tiles used on the above side. WALLS – Stone FURNITURE – Wooden furniture for chairs and tables. FLOORING – Tiles REASON FOR USING METAL – To prevent the structure from catching fire metal has been used as a frame but the cladding used is wood and clay for a traditional architectural style.

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KITCHEN : MATERIALS USED: ROOF – Metal frame with wooden cladding. •Clay tiles also used on the above side. WALLS – Bricks FURNITURE – Stainless steel for cooking purposes. FLOORING – Tiles

SCALE 1:100 59

CLUSTER HOUSING: Used when all the cottages and rooms are full. It consists of 3 rooms Each can accommodate 2 adults and 2 children. Taken care only when in use. Washrooms are not provided.

MATERIALS USED: ROOF –Clay tiles used on the above side. WALLS – Bricks FURNITURE – wood FLOORING – Tiles

SCALE 1:50

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Activity Study : Common spaces Swimming pool Seating / waiting area (beside reception ) Gazebo Restaurant The different activities provided by the resort are : Still water rafting River crossing Zipline Trek kayaking

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CASE STUDY-2 KADKANI RIVER RESORT, COORG

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LOCATION Hachinad , Pochat , Ammathi Kodagu (main town), Coorg, Karnataka (571211) -

Nearest airport - Mangalore Airport (170 km away ) , Calicut airport ( 166 km away) Nearest Railway station - Hassan (100 km) , Mysore (100 km away) Nearest Bus station - KSRTC bus station (30 km‘s away) Nearest Town - i. Virajpet (15km away) , the main source for vegetables , fruits etc. ii. Ontiangadi ( 6 km away) – the main source for meat.

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PLAN OF KARNATAKA

PLAN OF KODAGU

PLAN OF KADKANI RIVER RESORT

KODAGU Kodagu is an administrative district in Karnataka, India. It occupies an area of 4,102 square kilometres (1,584 sq mi) in the Western Ghats of southwestern Karnataka. Kodagu is known for its coffee and its people. The people include indigenous (Kodavas) and other ethnic groups (Arabashe Gowdas and Kodava subgroups). The chief languages presently spoken in Kodagu are Kodava, Are Bhashe, Kannada, Tulu, Konkani, Malayalam and Urdu. Kodagu is home to the native speakers of the Kodava language. Total Area

4,102 km2 (1,584 sq mi)

Avg. summer temperature

28.6 °C (83.5 °F)

Avg. winter temperature

14.2 °C (57.6 °F)

The district is bordered by Dakshina Kannada district to the northwest, Kasargod district of Kerala to the west, Hassan district to the north, Mysore district to the east, Kannur district of Kerala to the southwest, and the Wayanad district of Kerala to the south.

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It is a hilly district, the lowest elevation of which is 120 metres (390 ft) above sea-level. The highest peak, Tadiandamol ,rises to 1,750 metres (5,740 ft), with Pushpagiri, the second highest, at 1,715 metres (5,627 ft). The main river in Kodagu is the Kaveri (Cauvery), which originates at Talakaveri, located on the eastern side of the Western Ghats, and with its tributaries, drains the greater part of Kodagu.

CLIMATE OF COORG Coorg is the most famous hill station in Karnataka and one of the best summer destinations from Bangalore. Coorg is the largest producer of Coffee in India and one of the places with highest rainfall in India. It is one of the top tourist places in Karnataka.

Latitude/longitude: 12°25′00″N75°45′00″E Decimal coordinates: 12.4167 75.7500

AGRICULTURE Kodagu is a rural region with most of the economy based on agriculture, plantations and forestry, as well as one of the more prosperous parts of Karnataka. This is due primarily to coffee production and other plantation crops. Rice and other crops are cultivated in the valleys. Coffee plantations, situated on hillsides too steep for growing rice, and taking advantage of shade from existing forests, became characteristic of the district in the 20th century. Coffee is now a major cash crop. Coffee processing is also becoming a major economic contributor. In recent years, tourism has also begun to play a role in the economy. Eco-tourism, such as walking and trekking tours, take advantage of plantation buildings converted into guest-houses. Characteristically and historically, paddy fields are found on the valley floors, with Coffee and pepper agro forestry in the surrounding hills mainly near Madikeri. The most common plantation crop is coffee, especially Coffea robusta variety. It is mandatory to grow coffee in shade so it is grown with the eucalyptus trees and the vanilla. The coffee agro-forestry systems of Kodagu are one of the richest agro-forest in the world, with about 270 species of shaded trees . In those coffee agro-forests are also cultivated spices like black pepper , cardamom, vanilla. Besides, the other famous agricultural produce of Kodagu is Kodagu Oranges. (Citrus sinensis) known for its distinctive taste and shrunken nature.

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Kodagu is also known for its forest honey. Many other crops are also cultivated, including para rubber, teak, and cocoa. There are also large areas of natural forest, especially in the forest reserves in the south and east.

A WALK THROUGH THE COFFEE ESTATE

FLORA AND FAUNA

Kodagu is considered rich with wildlife and has three wildlife sanctuaries and one national park: the Brahmagiri, Talakaveri, and Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuaries, and the Nagarhole National Park, also known as the Rajiv Gandhi National Park. The flora of the jungle includes Michelia champaca, Mesua (Ironwood), Toona ciliata (Indian mahogany), Canarium strictum (Black Dammar),Euonymus, Cinnamomum, Myristica, Vaccinium, Myrtaceae, Rubus (three species) and a rose.

BLACK PEPPER

RUBUS

MICHELIA CHAMPACA

WILD BOAR ASIAN ELEPHANT

In the undergrowth are found cardamom, Areca, plantains, canes, wild black pepper, Cyatheales and other ferns, and arums. In the forest of the less thickly-wooded bamboo country in the west of Kodagu the most common trees are the Dalbergia latifolia(Black wood), Pterocarpus marsupium (Kino tree), Terminalia tomentosa (Matthi), Lagerstroemia parviflora (Benteak), Bassia latifolia, Nauclea parvifiora, and several species of acacia. Teak and sandalwood also grow in the eastern part of the district. The fauna include: the Asian elephant, tiger, leopard, wild boar, and several species of deer.

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CULTURE OF KODAGU The Kodavas are the earliest inhabitants of Kodagu. Kodava oral traditions are rich, some of the traditional folk songs have been compiled into the Pattole Palome . The Kodavas revere ancestors, arms and worship a number of deities, besides the River Kaveri, some of them being, Igguthappa, Bhagwathi, Muthappa, Mahadeva, Bhadrakali, Subramani and Ayyappa. Very similar to the Kodavas in religion, culture and language are the Kodava Peggade (Kodagu Heggade), the Amma Kodava, the Airi (artisans), the Meda (craftsmen and drummers) and the Kembatti (labourers). The Kodava language speakers, other than the Kodavas, include the Kodava Heggade (cultivators of Malabari origin), the Amma Kodava (a mixed race), the Airi (smiths and carpenters), the Thatta (jewellers), some of the Male-Kudiya, the Kodagu Kembatti, the Maringi, the Kapala (of Siddiorigin), the Meda (basket and mat weavers and drummers), the Kanya, the Malaya (astrologers of Malayala origin), the Kodagu Golla (cowherds of Mysorean origin), the Kodagu Ganiga (oil-makers), the Kolla, the Kavadi, the Koleya, the Koyava and others.

KODAGU COSTUME Kodavas wear the traditional Kodava costume. Men wear ‗Kupyas‘ (knee-length half-sleeved coats) over a full-sleeved white shirt. ‗Chale‘ i.e. a maroon and gold sash is tied at the waist and an ornately carved silver dagger known as ‗Peechekathi‘ is tucked into it. ‘Odikathi‘ is yet another knife that is tucked into the Chale at the back. Furthermore, a chain with a minuscule gun and a dagger hanging onto it give them a martial look. The saris worn by women are pleated at the back and the pallu fixed with a brooch is also wrapped in a unique way. They wear either a fullsleeved or three-quarter sleeved blouse and cover their head with a scarf. A traditional gold beaded necklace (Jomalae) and a gem-pendant (Kokkethathi) is worn by kodavas. TRADITONAL DRESS OF COORG

KODAGU CUISINE Kadumbuttu and pandi curry is a local dish of Coorg/kodagu, a district in the state of karnataka, India. This dish is made of steamed rice balls and pork curry.

PLACES TO VISIT NEARBY Abbey falls Dubare elephant camp Irupu falls Nagarhole national park Omkareshwara temple 66

Madekri fort Raja‘s seat Tibetan monastery Cauvery nisargadhama Mallali falls

OMKARESHWARA TEMPLE

ABBEY FALLS

NAGRAHOLE NATIONAL PARK

DUBARE ELEPHANT CAMP

MEDIKERI FORT

MALLALI FALLS

RAJA‘S SEAT

TIBETAN MONASTERY

67

KADKANI RIVER RESORT INTRODUCTION Coorg is rich in natural resources which included timber and spices. Kadkani Riverside Resort is a beautiful resort located on the banks of Cauvery River in Hachinad, Coorg. Premium riverside resort on the banks of River Cauvery surrounded by 250-acre coffee estate. The garden has 1,000 types of plants and flowers, exotic birds and butterflies. 32 cottages categorised into Premium Cottage, Deluxe Cottage and Dens overlooking plantations. Activities include bird watching and habitat tours of Coorg wildlife, river rafting and river crossing with full time resident professional water sport expert, paddle boating, beach volley ball, game fishing, nature treks, naturalist guided tours, birding and coffee plantation walks. Recreational facilities include riverside club house, swimming pool with children‘s pool, hobby centre, table tennis and indoor games like carrom, chess, playing cards, etc. Conference room and meeting rooms to accommodate 80 participants.

ENTRANCE

GOLF COARSE AT KADKANI

PATHWAYS INSIDE THE RESORT

SITE LEVEL HISTORY: A forest area along the river , developed in the year 2007 by the most well educated person of the town. The private resort started in the year 2007. The chairman (owner) of the resort belongs to the village and wanted to raise the standard of living of the people specially women in his village. Chairman : Vijaya Borara ( Vice president of WIPRO ) The jungle area was developed into a resort of 20 acres , out of which 10 acres is covered by the resort and the rest 10 is the golf course. Mission : To increase job opportunities for local women ( Educated ) Staff : Women > Men

TOPOGRAPHY: The lowest point is the site is the river Kaveri. The site slopes downwards towards the river from the main entry gate. The site planning has been done without disturbing the contours. The site also includes 3 ponds of different sizes and designed for different purposes. The highest point is at 1,020 m from the sea level.

68

CROTONS WILD PLANTS HYBISCUS (RED) SEA HYBISCUS (YELLOW AND WHITE) E. BOUGENVILLA F. ELEPIA (BANANA FAMILY) G. BLACK PEPPER H. CHAMPAK TREE I. PINE TREES J. ARECANATE K. SILVER OAK (SPREAD AROUND)

A. B. C. D.

LANSCAPING:

TOTAL AREA – 20 ACRES BUILT UP AREA – 1.74 ACRES

69

N

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

4. 5.

3.

1. 2.

GOLF COARSE INDOOR GAMES DELUXE COTAGES DELUXE PLUS PREMIUM COTTAGES ADMIN. BLOCK DEN COTTAGES POND PARKING CRICKET NET COFFEE ESTATE

LEGEND

SITE PLAN

ACCESSIBILITY: Common gate for entry and exit. The service entry is through the main gate and the same path continues to the kitchen area. The entry gate is 7m wide. The path continues till the kitchen area where the width reduces to 5.5m.

HIERARCHY OF ROADS: The pathways in the site descend from the roads to the walkways. The main entry – 7m The path continues till the kitchen area – 5.5m The walkways are 3m wide

AREA FOR BURING PAPER

ROAD CONTINUES TILL KITCHEN

SEPTIC TANK PATHWAYS MAIN ENTRANCE

N

SERVICES Water supply : -

A bore well is situated within the site The water from bore well is pumped and stored in the water tank ( located on the highest point of the site )

Electricity : -

It is started in the year 2007 in the main town Virajpet. The main transmitter is 1.5km away from resort The electricity lines are planned in a sloping way so that trees do not interrupt them. The trees being very tall in hill station and grow in a slant manner 70

Sewage Disposal : Solid (garbage) – used to feed pigs Paper waste – separate area for burning in site Toilet waste – septic tank Kitchen waste (liquid) – Greece trap

Fire safety : -

Fire extinguisher located for every 2 cottages Metal roof has been used to protect fire from spreading Staff trained by the fire department Whose reel connected to the main water tank is located in the Main administration block (only huge structure in the site)

Water heating : -

Geysers are operated on gas Gas is changed everyday There is continuous supply of hot water

Fire safety : -

Fire extinguisher located for every 2 cottages Metal roof has been used to protect fire from spreading Staff trained by the fire department Whose reel connected to the main water tank is located in the Main administration block (only huge structure in the site)

Water heating : -

Geysers are operated on gas Gas is changed everyday There is continuous supply of hot water

Street lights along the pathways run on solar power The waste from toilets is filtered and used for watering plants, the waste from septic tanks is collected every 3 days during off season and every day during heavy crowd. A 3.5 foot depth stream is dug along pathway from highest point ( entry ) to the lowest point ( river ) For the rainwater to directly flow into the river.

Swimming pool : -

The cleaning is done daily Chlorine is added Cleaning is done even not in use The is changed by using the tank beside the pool in a regular cycle. SWIMMING POOL

71

SURROUNDINGS: -

Surrounding by a forest , river Kaveri and the town Ontiangadi. The part of river is included in the site. Activities like rafting , crossing take place in the resort. There are coffee estates on one side ( owners property ). Everyday at 6:30 , a walk to the estates is held. Coffee estate Golf coarse Forest River Kaveri

NOISE: -

No disturbing factor around or within the resort Located beside a jungle and river And also many trees are planted between 2 cottages and trees absorb noise.

PARKING FACILITIES: -

A 2 wheeler parking for the staff coming from nearby towns :25 4 wheeler and bus parking is providing and also special parking for mini bus. Parking for 4 wheeler (cars) -80 VEHICLE AREA NUMBER 1. Buses – 8 2. Mini bus – 5

CARS

1200 SQ.M

80

BUS

240 SQ.M

8

1 Bike

MINI BUS

50 SQ.M

5

1 Car (Innova)

STAFF VEHICLES

50 SQ.M

25

TOTAL

1,540 SQ.M

118

Resort vehicles

1 Mini bus ( staff)

Total staff – 65 members (40 women) Most of the women are from the nearby towns , and are daily dropped in the mini bus. The men have a separate accommodation outside the resort who are from far villages.

LANDSCAPING: Particular trees have been used around the ponds and pathways. Various types of huge trees and shrubs have been used around the reception area. The cottages have been separated using trees. Very few trees which are native to Coorg have been used.

72

BUILDING LEVEL FORM AND FUNCTION: • • •

The form of the site is in a semi circular form It is the natural form taken along the river The functioning of the site is justified by creating and flowing the cottages in the same manner.

CIRCULATION: • Horizontal – pathways width 3m in site • Vertical – the different levels in the site are separated by ramps (barrier free) Wheel chairs can move freely around the site.

ZONING: 3 main zones : Public zone (golf course- near entry) Semi public zone (admin block , reception , pool, coffee shop) Private zone (cottages – located near river)

N LEGEND SEMI PUBLIC ZONE – Includes the Administration block, indoor activities, etc PRIVATE ZONE – Includes cottages LANDSCAPING – Includes plantations FOREST – The surrounding area

Golf coarse Deluxe plus rooms (connected rooms - 4)

PATHWAYS Deluxe room (8)

LEVELS IN SITE: The levels in the site descend from the main entry (highest point) to the lowest point (river). The existing topography has not been disturbed in the site. The planning has been done according to contours and each level is used for a different category of cottages. 73

Premium room (8) Admin. Block Den cottages (12) River

PLANNING STUDY ENTRY AND EXITS RAMPS: The resort is a barrier free environment. the entry to reception and to other amenities is provided with ramps. The entry to the cottages have a step of either 1 or 2. ( the staff is always there for helping the physically handicapped)

SIGNAGES:  

Proper signages provided from the entry gate. The size and front is large and easily visible.

SECURITY CABIN

SAFETY ND SECURITY: A security cabin provided right beside the entrance gate. A minimum of 2 security people are always present in the cabin. The main admin block is under CCTV surveillance. The boundary of the site is covered with electrical wires from preventing animals from entering the resort.

ADVANCED SYSTEMS: No advanced systems of parking provided. Water is heating using gas. No solar panels used. Waste paper is burnt. Few wastes are dried and used in landscaping which are rich in minerals.

CICULATION ROUTES: The circulation paths in the resort have been made using tiles. Signages lead the way from entry to the admin block and to the amenities and cottages. The font and size are very clear and can be read easily from far distances. Lights have been used along the pathways for clear vision.

74

ADMINISTRATION BLOCK

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

RAMP FOR ENTRY

ENTRANCE

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

COORG TRADITIONAL COFFEE SHOP AT STYLE FURNITURE GROUND FLOOR

FLOORING

ROOF

MATERIALS USED: ENTRANCE OF THE BLOCK ROOF – Metal frame with wooden cladding. •Clay tiles also used on the above side. WALLS – Brick walls FURNITURE – Wooden furniture for chairs and tables. •Cane chairs for seating in coffee shop. FLOORING – Tiles (Smooth finish tiles) REASON FOR USING METAL – To prevent the structure from catching fire metal has been used as a frame but the cladding used is wood and clay for a traditional architectural style.

75

DEN COTTAGES: (12) The Den AC Cottages come with a touch of rural flavour.  These cottages are furnished beautifully to exude comfort and luxury. The rooms in the cottages provide all modern amenities. These cottages can accommodate 2 adults and 2 children.

PLAN

MATERIALS: Brick walls Smooth finish tiles Wooden furniture

LIGHTING: High roof and proper cross ventilation inside the room. The study area is totally covered with glass and hence there is ample natural light. Artificial lights used mainly near the bed Height of the roof is about 10m.

BEDROOM

STUDY AREA

76

COTTAGES

DELUXE COTTAGE: (8) The Deluxe AC Cottages are traditional styled cottages that come with a veranda and large sunlit bathrooms.  These cottages are tastefully furnished and have a beautiful veranda. The rooms in the cottages provide all modern amenities. These cottages can comfortably accommodate 2 adults and 2 children.

MATERIALS: Brick walls Wooden rafters with tile cladding Smooth finish tiles for flooring Wooden furniture

LIGHTING: High roof and proper cross ventilation inside the room. More number of artificial lights used Height of roof – 9.2m PLAN

TOILET

77

ROOF OF TOILET

DELUXE PLUS: (CONNECTED ROOMS) The Deluxe plus AC cottage is a large cottage with 2 rooms connected with a common door. All modern amenities are provided in the cottages. Each room can accommodate 2 adults and 2 children.

ENTRANCE

PLAN

MATERIALS: Brick walls Metal frame for roof with cladding done with tiles Smooth finish tils for flooring Wooden furniture

LIGHTING: High roof and proper cross ventilation inside the room Minimum number of artificial lights used

78

CONNECTING DOOR

PREMIUM COTTAGES : (8) The Premium AC cottage is a large duplex cottage with spacious living areas and a semi outdoor dining. These cottages are elegant looking and are furnished in the best possible way.  All modern amenities are provided in the cottages. Each cottage can accommodate 2 adults and 2 children.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

COMMON SEATING AREA NEAR THE ENTRANCE

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

MATERIALS: Brick walls Metal roof with wooden cladding Smooth finish tiles for flooring Wooden furniture LIVING ROOM (GROUND FLOOR)

LIGHTING: High roof and proper cross ventilation inside the room Minimum number of artificial lights used Height of roof 9.2m

BEDROOM (FIRST FLOOR)

79

Activity Study : Common spaces –       

Swimming pool Seating / waiting area (beside reception ) 3 ponds (seating around them ) Coffee shop Bar Conference hall Restaurant

The different activities provided by the resort are :  Still water rafting  River crossing  Golf  Zipline (kids)  Fishing Non changeable activities • Double rope crossing • Plantation walks • Paddle boating • Trampoline for kids • Shuttle • Table tennis • Carroms • Chess • Cycling

COFFEE SHOP

BOATING

SWIMMING POOL

Study space : Library Conference hall

TRAMPOLINE

BURMA BRIDGE

80

GOLF COARSE

INDOOR GAMES

ANALYSIS: The site is oriented in north direction. It is surrounded by a forest and river. The location of the resort amidst the forest makes the ambience very calm and refreshing. Since the project started with the mission of recruiting the educated women in the surrounding villages so that the women don‘t have to go to far away places to work. It makes the first step towards development of the places as well as ensures safety of women as they are within the own boundaries. The resort offers opportunities for a worry free and a peaceful vacation. It also offers day visits mainly due to its wide variety of activities.

SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH:  Location of the resort is one of the biggest strength.  Luxurious accommodation along with the recreational facilities are provided to their visitors.  Hospitality playa a major role here. The staff are very polite and soft spoken t the visitors which drags them back to the resort to visit again.

WEAKNESSES:  Travelling is a major drawback.  No proper roads.  The location of the main reception block is another drawback , as we have to cross the cottages and might have privacy and noise issues.

OPPORTUNITIES:  Growth of vacation ownership market is increasing now a days.  Theme based resort also attracts the visitors.  Digital media has become a new source of revenue for the owner.

THREATS:  Weather effects the demand of the resort.  Most hospitality companies are venturing into new emerging market and increasing competitive pressure.

81

COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS

82

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS: ANALYSIS

KADKANI RIVER RESORT , COORG

HORNBILL RIVER RESORT, DANDELI

INFERENCE

1. Description

To create a memorable experience to the customers by designing the resort amidst the forest and river.

To provide a wildlife experience to the customers with a view to the river kali.

The main aim is however is create a lasting experience to the customers which attracts them back to the place.

2. Year of construction

2007

2000

3. History

A forest area along the river , developed in the year 2007 by the most well educated person of the town.

A private property overlooking the river kali. The owners of the resort took advantage of the view and wanted to create a space only for spending time with family with no TV or internet.

The jungle area was developed into a resort of 20 acres , out of which 10 acres is covered by the resort and the rest 10 is the golf course.

-

4.Concept

To follow a theme of vernacular traditional architecture throughout the resort in terms of architecture.

The theme followed throughout the resort is the wildlife theme which is seen in the landscaping and also other architectural elements.

The theme for the resort depends mainly on the site and its surroundings.

5.Site location

Located in a small town along the riverside and a forest.

Located in a tourist place for wildlife and adventure sports.

Location should be such that is easily accessible , proper facilities and services provided.

83

ANALYSIS

KADKANI RIVER RESORT , COORG

HORNBILL RIVER RESORT, DANDELI

INFERENCE

6. Age group

Caters to almost all age groups Family: april – june Couples: july – september Corporate: off season Not completely Barrier free

Usually visited by families in monsoon and visited by students during summer break. Not barrier free.

A resort should cater to needs of all age groups to have a family time as well as with activities for all age groups.

7.Building orientation

The main entrance gate faces the north. The river runs along the east side.

8.Parking

Car parking – 80 Bus parking – 8 Mini bus – 5 Vehicles should pass the cottages to enter the parking lot.

A max. of 10 car parking facility provided. No separate area for buses. The main reception area is provided beside the parking.

Parking within the site is more advantageous and is more easy to access and also must be located near the main admin. Block and away from the cottages for prevention of noise.

9.Site surroundings

The 3 main immediate surroundings of the resort are the river , forest and golf coarse.

It is surrounded by forest and river.

As resorts are usually for relaxation purposes , the site has to be away from noisy places.

The cottages have to be placed according to the sun path and wind direction. The south side has to be kept closed for avoiding heat.

84

ANALYSIS

KADKANI RIVER RESORT , COORG

HORNBILL RIVER RESORT, DANDELI

INFERENCE

11.Topograph y

The slope descends from the entrance gate to the river. The natural contours have not been disturbed for designing purposes. It is 1,020m above sea level

Gradual slope from the entrance to the river. It is 500m above sea level

The natural contours should not be disturbed for designing purposes. Also it gives a natural effect and connects the resort to nature.

12.Accessibili ty

One gate for entry and exit. The same gate is used for service entry.

One gate for entry and exit. The same gate is used for service entry.

A separate entry for services is recommended for any space to have proper functioning of the space.

13.Landscape

Very few coorg native trees used while the rest include the common trees like hybiscus , pine , etc No concept followed.

14.Noise

The cottages are surrounded by trees which have a control of noise entering.

No source of noise as it is located near thick forest and river.

The site must be selected considering the surroundings and the source of noise.

15.Zoning

The private zone is towards the entry which causes disturbance to the customers.

the zoning is done properly as the private cottages are placed away from the public places.

The different zones need to be separated by landscaping and no public zone should interrupt the private zone.

10.Climate

PUBLICZONE PRIVATE ZONE LANDSCAPING FOREST PATHWAYS

PUBLIC ZONE SEMI PUBLIC ZONE PRIVATE ZONE PATHWAYS

85

ANALYSI S

KADKANI RIVER RESORT , COORG

HORNBILL RIVER RESORT, DANDELI

INFEREN CE

16.Horizontal circulation

Pathways run around the site and form a network (ramps)

Pathways run around the site and form a network (ramps)

Providing ramps a specific ratio makes the circulation paths easier and to steep.

17. Vertical circulation

Steps are provided only in the main administration block

18.Reception

The reception area is away from the main entrance gate. The reception area is spacious enough and can accommodate more than 18 people.

Is placed right beside the parking. The reception and the dining placed in the same block. The space provided for the reception is quite small. One counter.

Should be placed close to the entrance.

19.Administr ation

Placed on the first floor

No separate office or admin. block

The administratio n has to be located near the reservations and reception area and preferably on the first floor.

20.Lighting

Reception : More of double heights used and no solid walls as the structure is semi open. Designed in a way which allows natural light to enter. Cottages: natural light enters the space but also proper artificial lighting provided. More of bulbs and lamps used.

Reception: The reception area has large openings on all 4 sides and makes the space more open to nature. cottages: Natural light enters the room from the large glass window provided for each cottage. But also proper artificial lighting is provided.

The lighting has to be such that minimal of artificial lights needed and more importance to natural light should be given also to reduce the consumption of electricity.

-

86

ANALYSI S

KADKANI RIVER RESORT , COORG

HORNBILL RIVER RESORT, DANDELI

INFERENCE

21.Ventilation

Windows are provided on the opposite walls.

Proper ventilation is provided.

Cross ventilation is much needed in any space to keep the air flowing around and to maintain the temperature.

The cottages represent the vernacular architectural style of Kerala and coorg.

Vernacular architecture.

22.Materials

23.Structure

87

AREA STATEMENTS: ANALYSIS

KADKAN I RIVER RESORT , COORG

HORNBILL RIVER RESORT,DAN DELI

STANDARDS

1.Total area

20 acres (10acres golf coarse)

7 acres

2.Parking

Provision for 80 cars (1,200 sqm) 8 buses 5 mini buses

278 sqm

Car parking (5x3)

720 – 840 sq.m

3. Entrance gate

7m

4m

not less than 2.36m

Minimum of 7.5m

4. Main entrance

5.5m

4m

Minimum of 2.2m

4m

5. Admin. Block Reception waiting office

10.2 sq.m 109.2 sq.m 22.125 sq.m

367.256 sq.m

-

Reception and waiting area – minimum of 50 sq.m 3.348 sq.m min

6.Library

82.34 sq.m

-

7.public toilet

4.5 sq.m(each)

8.Dining area

88.1 sq.m

98 sq.m

9.Conference room

92.25 sq.m

12.6 sq.m (gazebo)

5 sq.m

88

3.72 sq.m (each) min

31.58 sq.m

INFERE NCE

The site area could be between 812 acres

ANALYSIS

KADKANI RIVER RESORT , COORG

10.Security cabin

15 sq.m

HORNBILL RIVER RESORT, DANDELI

11.Spa

STANDARD S

INFERENC E

-

7.85 sq.m minimum

10 sq.m

-

11.15 sq.m minimum

12. Staff accommodation

16 sq.m -

13.Guest rooms

Premium cottage (81.6 sq.m) Deluxe cottage (41.8 sq.m) Deluxe plus (106 sq.m) Den cottage (34.63 sq.m)

Big cottage (72 sq.m) Tent house (40 sq.m) Tree house (41.35 sq.m) Stone cottage (28.26 sq.m) Cluster housing (82.3 sq.m) Small cottage (36.08 sq.m)

14.Kitchen

135 sq.m

150 sq.m

TOTAL SITE AREA BUILT UP AREA

20 acres 1.74 acres

7 acres 0.43acres

89

AREA STATMENTS

90

S.NO

SPACE

1

SITE AREA

2

PARKING

80

5X3

1200 SQ.M

3

SECURITY CABIN

2

4M X 3M

24 SQ.M

4

ADMIN. BLOCK: RECEPTION WAITING AREA OFFICE PUBLIC TOILET

1 2 2 2 (MEN & WOMEN)

15 SQ.M 50 SQ.M 12 SQ.M 4.5 SQ.M (EACH)

15 SQ.M 100 SQ.M 24 SQ.M 9 SQ.M

5

LIBRARY

1

80 SQ.M

80 SQ.M

6

RESTAURANT

1

160 SQ.M

160 SQ.M

7

KITCHEN AREA

1

125 SQ.M

125 SQ.M

8

CONFERENCE ROOM

2

35 SQ.M

70 SQ.M

9

BANQUET HALL

1

600 SQ.M

600 SQ.M

10

GUEST ROOM (COTTAGES)

50

40 SQ.M

2000 SQ.M

11

SPA

1

20 SQ.M

20 SQ.M

12

STAFF ACCOMMODATION

1

45 SQ.M

45 SQ.M

13

ENTRANCE GATE

1

8M WIDE

-

14

SERVICE ENTRY

1

6M WIDE

-

15

PATHWAYS

15

OPEN FOOD COURT

1

600 SQ.M

600 SQ.M

16

SWIMMING POOL

1

10M X 20M

200 SQ.M

17

INDOOR GAMES

1

15M X 15M

300 SQ.M

18

OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES: TENNIS COURT CRICKET NETS

1 2

24M X 11M 24M X 2.5M

264 SQ.M 120 SQ.M

KIDS PLAY AREA

1

10M X 15M

150 SQ.M

19

NUMBER

AREA

TOTAL 9 ACRES (36421 sq.m)

-

3M WIDE

OPEN AREA

7.5 ACRES

BUILT UP AREA

6106 SQ.M ( 1.5 ACRES )

91

SITE ANALYSIS

92

LOCATION: Siddantham is a Village in Penugonda Mandal in West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh State, India. It belongs to Andhra region . It is located 87 KM towards East from District head quarters Eluru. 3 KM from Penugonda. 423 KM from State capital Hyderabad This Place is in the border of the West Godavari District and East Godavari District. East Godavari District Ravulapalem is North towards this place . Ramannapalem ( 3 KM ) , Dongaravipalem ( 3 KM ) , Vadali ( 3 KM ) , Tamarada ( 4 KM ) , Nadipudi ( 4 KM ) are the nearby Villages to Siddantham. Siddantham is surrounded by Ravulapalem Mandal towards North , Achanta Mandal towards South , Kothapeta Mandal towards East , Peravali Mandal towards North . Kothapeta , Tanuku , Palacole , Mandapeta are the near by Cities to Siddantham. Siddantham Pin code is 534326 and postal head office is Sidhantam . Siddantham is the village which is very pleasent and peaceful. The temple near by Godavari river are very nice to visit. It is named as siddantham due to the reason the goddess sita has done agni pravesha in that place.

Location of Andhra Pradesh in India map

Map of Andhra Pradesh ZONE DISTRICT

TRANSPORT:

Location of west godavari in Andhra Pradesh WEST GODAVARI

ESTABLISHED NEAREST AIRPORTS: Rajahmundry airport – 54 km Vijayawada airport – 122km Vishakhapatnam airport – 213km

TOTAL AREA

21.45 km2 (8.28 sq mi)

ELEVATON

14m

NEAREST RAILWAY STATION: Tanuku railway station – 19km Attili railway station – 23km

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

TELUGU

POPULATION

13,188

SEX RATIO

M 49% F 51%

LITERACY RATE

68.6 % ( 9042)

NEAREST BUS STATION: kadimpadu – 4.5km Gopalapuram bus stop – 5.1km

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GEOGRAPHY: The district occupies an area of 7,742 km2 (2,989 sq mi). The district is bounded by khamam district on the north, bay of bengal on the south. The Godavari river separates east Godavari district on east and Tammileru River and kolleru lake separates it from Krishna district on the west. West Godavari is a flat country with a slight eastern slope along the rivers of the district flow. The rivers in the West Godavari district generally flow from West to East. Three rivers cut through the district are godavari , yerrakaluva and Tamilleru. Dowleswaram barrage, Eluru canal, Vijayarai Anicut, Tammileru, Jalleru and Yerrakaluva reservoirs are the source of irrigation

SITE LOCATION:

SEASON

MONTHS

PEAK SEASON

July – December

LOW SEASON

March – June

Location: Yettigatu road , sidantham, Andhra Pradesh 534326 Latitude/longitude: 16°40'58.3"N 81°48'32.4"E Decimal coordinates: 16.682864, 81.809011 Altitude: 20 m.

SITE LOCATION

The site is located on the banks of Godavari river It is situated on the main Ghat road. It is 23km from pallakolu and 49 km from Rajahmundry. The site is surrounded by river , a village and a forest on the opposite side. The nearest tourist spot is . The site is located in a primary residential zone.

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PROPOSED SITE: The project, located at siddantham , Rajahmundry along the banks of river Godavari covers an extent of 9 acres. The plan is to develop a 35-room Luxury resort & a convention centre for APTDC in a phased manner.

NOISE FROM THE STREETS: The sound of the river flowing is pleasing and refreshing. During the night there is no much noise except when vehicles move on the highway. Travelling during the night on the ghat roads is dangerous and so there are no or very few vehicles moving around.

ODOURS: No odours around the site. The surrounding forest give a refreshing and fresh feel and a view. One could smell the fresh flowers nearby.

IMPACT OF SITE ON SURROUNDINGS: The site is located on the developing part of siddantham village and is the first major project undertaken in the area. Since the site is surrounded by the most famous temples spot and on the main highway ,it has a scope of becoming the next attractive location beside the Godavari river with a perfect view and access to the forest. With the development of the site , the nearby shops may also develop and become bigger increasing their economy and quality of living. The project may provide job opportunities for the local people living in the nearby villages and raise their standard of living. 95

LAND USE MAPS OF WEST GODAVARI

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LAND USE MAP OF SITE PAST YEARS

2007

2009

2011

2013

2016

2018

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SITE PLAN:

N

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IMMEDIATE SURROUNDGS:

ACCESSBILITY:

MAJOR ROADS:

SITE

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BASIC NECESSITIES NEARBY: Pharmacy – Medical store (3.6 km away) Bank – State bank of india (1 km away ) , union bank of india (1.5 km away) Supermarket – M & M super market (2 km away) , more supermarket (3.2km away) Restaurant – S R restaurant(1.1 km away) , Sri kanya ( 24 km away) Temples : Famous ganesh temple ( 0.5 km away) Venkateshwara swamy temple (0.8km away) kedareswara temple (0.8 km away)

CLIMATE:

AVERAGE RAINFALL July to September is the season for tropical rains in Andhra Pradesh. The state receives heavy rainfall during these months. About one third of the total rainfall in Andhra Pradesh is brought by the North- East Monsoons.

AVERAGE HUMIDITY Andhra Pradesh Climate is generally hot and humid. The major role in determining the climate of the state is played by South- West Monsoons. But the winters in Andhra Pradesh are pleasant. This the time when the state attracts most of its tourists.

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AVERAGE TEMPERATURE Summers in Andhra Pradesh last from the month of March to June. During these months the mercury level is quite high. In the coastal plain the summer temperatures are generally higher than the rest of the state. In summer temperature generally ranges between 20C and 40C At certain places the temperature as high as 45 degrees on a summer day. Sometime around the month of October winter arrives in the state. October, November, December, January and February are the winter months in Andhra Pradesh. Since the state has a reasonably long coastal belt the winters are not much cold. The range of winter temperature is generally 13C to 30C

AVERAGE WIND SPEED

N

SUN PATH 101

SITE SPECIFICATIONS TOPOGRAPHY: The lowest point of the site is 89 m above the main sea level. Siddantham is generally a flat region The site lies between a forest and river The site is prone to flood level. The site has 2 roads , both at the two corners The one on the top connects to the Santhanam bridge.

SITE ENTRY

SOIL CONDITIONS: The soil type found in the site is the alluvial soil. Soil & Vegetation in Andhra Pradesh are the main natural resources and the most important too, as it is an agriculturally oriented state. More than 60 % of the total working population is linked with agriculture, which forms the mainstay of their livelihood. The state boasts of almost all type of soils and crops found in other parts of India. Alluvial soils consist of optimal ratios of silt, sand and clay and carry potash, lime and phosphoric acid.

VEGETATION ON SITE: The site is covered with trees and green patches. How ever during the rainy season , only the trees are seen as the Patches get flooded. The trees found on the site are mango , neem .

FLORA AND FAUNA: The Krishna Godavari Basin is one of the main nesting sites of the endangered Olive Ridley sea turtle . Godavari is also a home to the endangered fringed-lipped carp The Coringa mangrove forests in the Godavari delta are the second largest mangrove formation in the country. Part of this has been declared as the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, renowned for reptiles. They also provide an important habitat to a wide variety of fish and crustaceans. These forests also act as barriers against cyclones, tropical storms, and storm surges, thus protecting the nearby villages

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SERVICES: ELECTRICITY:    

The site gets its main electric supply from the APGPCL Plant pertaining to West Godavari. The supply runs on gas – fuel based. The supply starts from the APGPCL plant to Tanuku electric station and then to the site and surroundings. The electric lines from tanuku station run 18 km to reach the site.

DRAINAGE:   

The drainage from the surroundings of the site flow down to Hukumpet ( STP LOCATION). The Godavari River carries the largest sediment load among the peninsular rivers and the majority of the mass transfer in Godavari occurs during the monsoon. The floodplains in the entire stretch of the river are characterized by a Deccan basalt source.

WATER SUPPLY:   

The main source of water for West Godavari is from the river Godavari. There are 3 main power bores dug in the district for continuous supply of water. The water is treated well and distributed.

VIEWS:

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SWOT ANALYSIS: STRENGTH:  Prominent location capable of becoming an icon of the neighbourhood View of Godavari river and Forest

WEAKNESS: The location next to the highway is the one and only weakness of the site.

OPPORTUNITY: Provide view from & create view points. Site lends to creation of interactive programs

THREATS: Minor risk of floods, where the site needs to rised at a height of 3.6m from ground level to avoids floods.

DESIGN CONSIDERATION: No permanent structures can be constructed near the river(min 5-10 meters).The area could be used for outdoor activities or landscape. A jetty can be constructed towards the river. This could be used for the resort guests as well

BASIC REQUIREMENTS: To design the resort for visiting travellers as well as for staying guests. Parking to be provided within the site. Different categories of cottages. (50) Different restaurants for guests and visitors. Amenities ( children play area , indoor games , outdoor games) Conference hall Huge lawn with fireplace Landscaping done properly according to the climate. Orientation of the cottages should be properly done to avoid sunlight. Separate service entry which is away from the main entry Separate public zones and private zones by landscaping Taking advantage of the river , sports like zipline can be provided.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.kadkani.com/ https://www.hornbillriverresort.com/ http://shilpaarchitects.com/Shilpa_Portfolio/aptdc-riverside-resort/ http://shilpaarchitects.com/ http://riverlifepgh.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/A-Guide-to-RiverfrontDevelopment.pdf https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=r0ppW6fNMIzuvAT68rH4BQ&q=river+f ront+resort&oq=river+front+resort&gs_l=psyab.3..35i39k1l2j0i10k1l8.1907.162275.0.168817.21.19.1.0.0.0.156.2017.7j12.19.0....0...1c.1.6 4.psy-ab..1.20.2019.0..0j0i131k1j0i131i67k1j0i67k1.0.eaWPJdhNIZI https://www.google.com/search?ei=WEtpW5mFNMT-vgTgxLoBQ&hotel_occupancy=&q=atali+ganga&oq=atali&gs_l=psyab.3.0.35i39k1j0l9.27738.28536.0.29513.5.5.0.0.0.0.116.535.1j4.5.0....0...1c.1.64.psyab..0.5.535...0i67k1j0i131i67k1j0i131k1j0i10k1.0.p7HAiumyP_4 https://www.archdaily.com/534950/x2-river-kwai-agaligo-studio https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=iU1pW6qbNYnpvgSvlrzABA&q=amarav athi+proposals&oq=amara&gs_l=psyab.3.0.35i39k1j0i20i263k1j0i131k1j0l7.8686.10874.0.12405.8.6.1.0.0.0.181.830.0j5.5.0....0... 1c.1.64.psy-ab..2.6.831.0..0i67k1j0i10k1.0.tszwAmU_3Ac https://www.google.com/search?ei=lk1pW_OLKYbYvATu5igCw&q=rivers+restrictions&oq=rivers+restrictions&gs_l=psyab.3..0i22i30k1.4235.13739.0.13889.19.19.0.0.0.0.231.2131.0j10j2.12.0....0...1c.1.64.psyab..7.12.2129...0j35i39k1j0i67k1j0i131k1j0i20i263k1j0i10k1.0.T6dRENJxWRE

https://www.google.co.in/search?q=flood+top+level&rlz=1C1CHZL_enIN714IN714&oq=f lood+top+level&aqs=chrome..69i57.6330j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 https://www.google.co.in/search?rlz=1C1CHZL_enIN714IN714&ei=Ak5pWmnNZCQvQSJ1rc4&q=resort+meaning&oq=resort+mean&gs_l=psyab.3.0.35i39k1j0l9.1710.2682.0.3778.5.5.0.0.0.0.126.537.2j3.5.0....0...1c.1.64.psyab..0.5.537...0i67k1j0i20i263k1.0.Po6t1GP96QQ http://www.bis.org.in/sf/ced/CED46(8068)_26112015.pdf https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Capital-project-The-making-ofAmaravati/article14399809.ece

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BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-12-26/AP-Stateseeks-Centres-nod-for-9-tourism-projects/348080 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195112000170 https://sciencing.com/different-soils-of-andhra-pradesh-12383628.html https://www.google.co.in/search?q=climatic+conditions+in+andhra+pradesh&rlz=1 C1CHZL_enIN714IN714&oq=climatic+conditions+in+andhra&aqs=chrome.0.0j69 i57j0l4.8245j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 https://www.accuweather.com/en/in/rajahmundry/202193/weather-forecast/202193 http://www.riverresortsdandeli.com/ https://www.karnataka.com/resorts/ https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=HVBpW6HUK8vqvgSt1oXgDg&q= standards+of+banquet+hall&oq=standards+&gs_l=psyab.3.1.35i39k1l2j0j0i131k1j0l6.22610.26529.0.29604.15.12.2.0.0.0.133.1338.1j11.12.0. ...0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..1.14.1343.0..0i67k1j0i131i67k1j0i10k1.0._1BQ-RUbcYA https://www.vbook.pub.com/doc/77665369/Thesis-proposal-on-resort-design

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