Sec-b,grp-10major

SMART BLIND STICK USING PROTEUS A Thesis Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the requirement for the

Degree of Bachelor of Engineering Under Biju Patnaik University of Technology in

Electrical Engineering By SIBARAM SETHY DEEKSHYA RANI BHOI BARSHA PANDA RUDRA PRASAD PRADHAN UMESH CHANDRA SETHI

REGD NO-1601109303 REGD NO-1601109539 REGD NO-1721109041 REGD NO-1721109049 REGD NO-1721109058

Under the guidance of Dr. Tapas Kumar Panigrahi

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Parala Maharaja Engineering College – Berhampur (A constituent college of Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha) Berhampur -761003 [2019-2020]

SMART BLIND STICK USING PROTEUS A Thesis Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the requirement for the

Degree of Bachelor of Engineering Under Biju Patnaik University of Technology in

Electrical Engineering By SIBARAM SETHY DEEKSHYA RANI BHOI BARSHA PANDA RUDRA PRASAD PRADHAN UMESH CHANDRA SETHI

REGD NO-1601109303 REGD NO-1601109539 REGD NO-1721109041 REGD NO-1721109049 REGD NO-1721109058

Under the guidance of Dr. Tapas Kumar Panigrahi

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Parala Maharaja Engineering College – Berhampur (A constituent college of Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha) Berhampur -761003 [2019-2020]

DECLARATION We hereby declare that the thesis entitled “SMART BLIND STICK USING PROTEUS”, submitted by Our team for the award of the degree of Bachelor in Technology to the Department of Electrical Engineering, Parala Maharaja Engineering College, Berhampur is a record of bonafide work carried out by us under the supervision of Dr. Tapas Kumar Panigrahi.

We consider that the thesis has reached the standards and fulfilling the requirements of the rules and regulation relating to the nature of the Degree. The content embodied in the thesis have not been submitted for the award any other degree or diploma in this or any other University.

Place : Berhampur

By Sibaram Sethy

Regd no-1601109303

Deekshya Rani Bhoi

Regd no-1601109539

Barsha Panda

Regd no-1721109041

Rudra Prasad Pradhan

Regd no-1721109049

Umesh Chandra Sethi

Regd no-1721109058

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work contained in the thesis entitled, entitled “SMART BLIND STICK USING PROTEUS”, submitted by Our team for the award of the degree of Bachelor in Technology in electrical engineering to Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, is a record of bonafide work carried out by him under our direct supervision and guidance for the academic year 2016-2019.

We considered that the thesis has reached the standards and fulfilling the requirements of the rules and regulations relating to the nature of the degree. The contents embodied in the thesis have not been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma in this or any other university.

Dr. Tapas Kumar Panigrahi

Dr. Sarat Kumar Sahoo

Associate Professor(EE) Project Guide

Head of the Department Electrical Engineering

The thesis is satisfactory / unsatisfactory

Internal Examiner

External Examiner Approved by

Head of the Department Electrical Engineering

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to take this opportunity to thanks all those individuals whose invaluable contribution in a direct or indirect manner has gone into the making of this project a tremendous learning experience for us.

We give our sincere thanks to Dr. Tapas Kumar Panigrahi, Project Guide, for giving us the opportunity and motivating us to complete the project within stipulated period of time and providing a helping environment.

We give our sincere thanks to Dr. Sarat Kumar Sahoo, HOD of Electrical Department, for giving us the opportunity to complete the project within stipulated period of time and providing a helping environment.

We are proudly thanks to Prof. Ranjan Kumar Swain, Principal, PMEC for his kind cooperation and encouragement to our project work with providing a helping environment.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

There is approximately 36.9 million people in the world are blind in 2002 according to World Health Organization. Majority of them are using a conventional white cane to aid in navigation. The limitation in white cane is that the information’s are gained by touching the objects by the tip of the cane. The traditional length of a white cane depends on the height of user and it extends from the floor to the person’s sternum. So we'll design ultrasonic sensor to detect all kinds of barriers whatever its shape or height and warn him with vibration. Blind people also face great problems in moving from place to another in the town and the only way for them is Guide dogs which can cost about $20, 000 and they can be useful for about 5 – 6 years. we have designed a smart electronic walking stick for blind people. Our project proposes a low-cost walking stick based on latest technology and a new implementation are made for efficient interface for blind people. Basically, the ultrasonic sensor is implemented in the walking stick for detecting the obstacles in front of the blind/impaired persons. If there are any obstacles, it will alert the blind person to avoid that obstacles and the alert in the form of buzzer. daily in different aspects in order to provide flexible and safe movement for the people. In this technology driven world, where people strive to live independently, this paper propose a low-cost 3D ultrasonic stick for blind people to gain personal independence, so that they can move from one place to another easily and safely. A portable stick is design and developed that detects the obstacles in the path of the blind using ultrasonic sensors. The buzzer and vibration motor are activated when any obstacle is detected.

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CONTENTS

Page No.

Acknowledgement …………………………………………………….

i

Executive Summary…………………………………………………...

ii

Table of Contents……………………………………………………...

iii-v

List of Figures………………………………………………………….

vi-vii

Abbreviations ………………………………………………………….

viii

1.INTRODUCTION 1.1

Objective………………………………………………………...

1

1.2

Motivation……………………………………………………….

2

1.3

Background……………………………………………………...

3

2.PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GOALS………………………...

4

3.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 3 3.1.

Arduino UNO …………………………………………………...

5

3.2

Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04……………………………………..

6-8

3.3

Buzzer,LED……………………………………………………..

iii

9

4.SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 4.1PROTEUS SUITE 8.3 4.1.1.Introduction……………………………………………………….

11

4.1.2.System Benefits………………..………………………………….

12

4.1.3.Features……………………………..…………………………….

12

4.1.4.Device Library……………..……………………………………...

12

4.2ARDUINO 4.2.1.Introduction……………………………………………………….

13

4.2.2.Arduino IDE………………………………………………………

14

5.DESIGN APPROACH AND DETAILS 5.1 Proposed Model……………………………………………………..

15

5.2 Smart Blindstick using Proteus……………………………………..

16

5.3 Programming for Arduino UNO……………………………………

17-18

5.4 Programming for Ultrasonic sensor………………………………...

19

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6.PROJECT DEMONSTRATION 6.1.Hardware and working Principle……………………………………

20

6.2.Result………………………………………………………………..

21

6.3.Advantages…………………………………………………….........

22

6.4.Future Scope…………………………..……………………………

22

7.COST ANALYSIS…………………………………………………...

23

8.SUMMARY…..………………………………………………………

24

9.REFERENCES………………………………………………………

25-26

10.APPENDIX A(Gantt Chart)………………………………………

27

11.APPENDIX B(Curriculum Vitae)………………………………...

28-32

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No.

Title

Page No.

01

Arduino UNO

5

02

Arduino UNO in Proteus

5

03

Ultrasonic Sensor

6

04

Ultrasonic Sensor in Proteus

7

05

Receiver and Transmitter of Sensor

7

06

Ultrasonic Working

8

07

Buzzer and LED

9

08

Buzzer in Proteus

9

09

Battery,Wire and others

10

10

Proteus Suite 8.3

11

vi

11

C++ based Arduino IDE

14

12

Circuit Diagram of Arduino Based

15

Smart Blindstick

13

Working of Blindstick

15

14

Beeping of Buzzer

16

15

System Design of Smart stick

20

16

Result

21

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ABBREVIATIONS

In this project, we introduce a smart stick system for assisting blind people. The smart stick comes as a proposed solution to enable visually impaired people to find difficulties in detecting obstacles and dangers in front of them during walking and to identify the world around. The system is designed to act like an artificial vision and alarm unit The system consists of sensors: ultrasonic sensor,and light sensor, microcontroller (Arduino Uno ) to receive the sensor signals and process them to short pulses to the Arduino pins where buzzers, vibrator and voice alarms are connected. We seek in our project to provide a smart stick affordable and suitable for most blind people, and also it is light in weight. It can be made available to all segments of the society and their families who need them.

Keywords: SMART STICK, BLIND PEOPLE, ARDUINO UNO, ULTRA SONIC SENSORS, BUZZER

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. OBJECTIVE

Blindness is a state of lacking the visual perception due to physiological or neurological factors.According to the famous philosopher and scientist Aristotle, our knowledge about the outside world depends on five sense organs and sight is one of those five organs. And visually-impaired are those unfortunate people who are completely or partially suffering with eye sight issues. According to the survey of World Health Organization (WHO) and International Agency for Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) , approximately 285 million people around the world are visually –impaired among which 39 million are completely blind. Blind stick is a special device used by visually disabled people for centuries. But in recent times Electronic Travel Aids (ETAs) with sensors and sound systems are designed for improved navigation of blind people . Here we proposed an advanced blind ology like ultrasonic sensors . We already know about traditional blind sticks . But the question that comes into our mind is that how this system can give idea about the surrounding by using GPS system. The advantage of our project is that it can detect any obstacle with the help of ultrasonic sensors and it can provide correct location of obstacle by using the GPS system. Thus it will help blind people when they are walking outside from their home.

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1.2.MOTIVATION

Independence is the important methodology in achieving objectives, dreams and goals in life. Visually impaired/blind persons find themselves challenging the dangerous paths to go out independently. Visually impaired persons have difficulty to interact and feel their environment. They have little contact with surrounding. Physical movement is a challenge for visually impaired persons, because it can become tricky to distinguish where he is, and how to get where he wants to go from one place to another. There are millions of visually impaired or blind people in this world who are always need the help from others. For many years the normal walking stick became a well-known attribute to blind person's navigation and later efforts have been made to improve the walking stick by adding remote sensor. Blind people have big problem when they walk on the street or stairs using normal walking stick, but they have sharp haptic sensitivity. The electronic walking stick will help the blind person by providing more efficient and convenient means of life.

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1.3.BACKGROUND

Researchers have spent the decades to develop an intelligent and smart stick to assist and alert visually impaired persons from obstacles and give information about their location. Over the last decades, research has been conducted for new devices to design a good and reliable system for visually impaired persons to detect obstacles and warn them at danger places. There are some systems which has some deficiencies. ETA device has become a revolution over the last few decades to guide a visually impaired person and to make their life even easier and safer. As the ETAs getting popular day by day, researcher has been working on this field to make the device even more light, portable, safe and low cost for better service. An ultrasonic sensor based blind stick is proposed by Agarwal & Kumar in 2015 with GPS system, vibrating motor and a buzzer. As they didn’t give any pictorial view of the stick, so according to device description it seems to be pretty heavy. Besides that, there was no information about how long the buzzer & vibrator would be in ON condition. And the sending sms issue by an illiterate blind person seems to be quite impossible. Another sensor based smart stick is introduced by Gayathri in 2014. It uses a GPS receiver, vibrator and a headphone to navigate the blind person. But the device has some limitations like: - water sensor can detect if the water level is over 0.5 cm, the stick can detect only four types of obstacles (concrete wall, human body, plastic & cardboard box) and it is not feasible to provide guidance at high intermittencies. An outdoor navigating device also came into attention in 2012. The stick uses GPS technology and a SD card to store information about different locations. But the device cannot help in indoor environment as there is no GPS signal available. In 1973, an optical triangulation based laser cane was proposed, which could only detect head-height obstacles . And in 1989, a navigating device equipped with a small computer and sensors was planned . It took images and then translated them into a series of audio cues to inform the user which routes are blocked by obstacles. And after late nineties, wearable obstacle detection system was introduced, which was quite heavy to wear and handle .

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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GOAL

We here propose an advanced blind stick that allows visually challenged people to navigate with ease using advanced technology. The blind stick is integrated with ultrasonic sensor along with light and water sensing. Our proposed project first uses ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles ahead using ultrasonic waves. On sensing obstacles the sensor passes this data to the arduino Uno. The arduino uno then processes this data and calculates if the obstacle is close enough. If the obstacle is not that close the circuit does nothing. If the obstacle is close the arduino Uno sends a warning in the form of voice. It also detects and sounds a different buzzer if it detects water and alerts the blind. The stick also includes the vibrator.If the obstacle is close the arduino uno sends a warning through vibration. Water detection is done by water sensor. One more feature is that it allows the blind to detect if there is light or darkness in the room. The system has one more advanced feature integrated to help the blind find their stick if they forget where they kept it. A wireless RF based remote is used for this purpose. Pressing the remote button sounds a buzzer on the stick which helps the blind person to find their stick. Developing the product at minimal cost becomes the key agenda of the project. If the person wants to know the directions to get to the right location, he/she can actually press a button associated for the purpose, the direction based audio message is heard by them using the Bluetooth based audio device. Infrared which is present at the bottom of the stick can detect presence of holes and steps.

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3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 3.1.ARDUINO UNO Arduino can control the environment by receiving input signals (Digital/Analog) and can effects its surroundings by controlling lights, relays and other devices. The microcontroller on the board is programmed using Arduino software.It is an opensource electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software , based on Processing. Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on ATmega328p. It has 20pins out of which 16 digital input and output pins and 6 analog input pins , 16MHZ Quartz crystal, power jack, ICSP header and reset button comparetor PIC microcontroller , it is very easy to perform with arduino since it is user friendly, The Operation Voltage is 5V, You can directly connect it to computer with USB cable, power it with AC-DC adapter or battery.

Fig 01:Arduino UNO

5

Fig 02:Arduino UNO in Proteus

3.2.ULTRASONIC SENSOR(HC-SR04) As the name indicates, ultrasonic sensors measure distance by using ultrasonic waves.The sensor head emits an ultrasonic wave and receives the wave reflected back from the target. Ultrasonic Sensors measure the distance to the target by measuring the time between the emission and reception.

Fig 03:Ultrasonic Sensor

6

Fig 04:Ultrasonic Sensor in Proteus

The distance can be calculated with the following formula: Distance L = 1/2 × T × C Where L is the distance, T is the time between the emission and reception, and C is the sonic speed. (The value is multiplied by 1/2 because T is the time for go-and-return distance.)

Fig 05:Receiver and Transmitter of Sensor

7

Fig 06:Ultrasonic Working

8

3.3. Buzzer A transducer (converts electrical energy into mechanical energy) that typically operates A buzzer is in the lower portion of the audible frequency range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz. This is accomplished by converting an electric, oscillating signal in the audible range, into mechanical energy, in the form of audible waves. Buzzer is used in this research to warn the blind person against obstacle by generating sound proportional to distance from obstacle .

Fig 07:Buzzer and LED

Fig 8:Buzzer in Proteus

Vibrator A vibrator motor is included to enhance the overall feedback for the person who receives the warning against obstacles closeness in different formats of vibrations.

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Fig 9:Battery,Wires and PCB

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4. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 4.1.PROTEUS SUITE 8.3 4.1.1.Introduction

The Proteus Design Suite combines schematic capture, SPICE circuit simulation, and PCB design to make a complete electronics design system. Add to that the ability to simulate popular micro-controllers running your actual firmware, and you have a package that can dramatically reduce your development time when compared with a traditional embedded design process.

Fig 10:Proteus Suite 8.3

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4.1.2.System Benefits Integrated package with common user interface and fully context sensitive help make for a quick and easy learning process. Technical support direct from the program authors means that expert help is available when you need it. Virtual Prototyping with Proteus VSM substantially cuts both software and hardware development time and cost. 4.1.3.Features •

Produces publication quality schematics.

•

Style templates allow customization of supplied library parts.

•

Mouse driven, context sensitive user interface.

•

Automatic ‘follow me’ wire routing and junction dot placement/removal.

•

Hierarchical design including parameterization of sub-circuit component values.

•

Full support for buses including sub-circuit ports and bus pins.

•

Preview of PCB footprints whilst selecting components and making new library parts.

•

Comprehensive representation for homogenous and heterogeneous multi-element parts including connectors.

•

Sophisticated management of component properties including customization of the relevant dialogue forms.

•

Large and growing component library of over 10,000 parts, most complete with ready to use simulator models.

•

Netlist formats: Labcenter SDF, SPICE, SPICE-AGE, Tango, Boardmaker, EEDesigner, Futurenet, Racal & Valid.

4.1.4.Device Library ISIS comes with a device library including over 10,000 parts. The libraries include standard symbols, transistors, diodes, thermionic valves, TTL, CMOS, ECL, microprocessor and memory parts, PLDs, analog ICs and op-amps as well as manufacturer specific libraries from National Semiconductor, Philips, Motorola, Teccor, Texas and Zetex. More libraries are being created as part of an ongoing programme.

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4.2. ARDUINO

4.2.1.Introduction

In 2008 the number of devices on the internet exceeded the number of people on the internet. It is esti-mated in 2020 there would be over 50 billion devices connected. Internet of Things (IOT) is starting to support the process connecting real-world to the Internet. Sensors and microprocessors are recording and transmitting data to the Internet. Rapidly increasing Internet-connected sensors means that new classes of technical capabilities and applications are being created. Constant monitoring is deepening the understanding of the internal and external worlds encountered by humans. High-frequency data processing is developing how humans adapt to the different kinds of data flows enabled by the IOT. Arduino is an open source tool for developing computers that can sense and control more of the physical world than desktop computer. It is an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board. The software is written in C or C++ programming language. The Arduino development board is an implementation of wiring, a similar physical computing platform, which is based on the processing multimedia programming environment. (Arduino 2011a.) This single chip microcontroller has a microprocessor, which comes from a company called Atmel. The chip is known as an AVR. The AVR chip is running at only 16 MHz with an 8-bit core, and has a very limited amount of available memory, with 32 kilobytes of storage and 2 kilobytes of random access memory. Basic model of Arduino is shown in Graph 5. Arduino setup build around Atmel microprocessor causes it to be easy and popular to be used in all different kinds of DIY projects. (Evans 2011, 2-3; Banzi 2011, 17-18.)

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4.2.2. Arduino IDE Arduino IDE is programming environment that allows the user to draft different kind of programs and load them into the Arduino microcontroller. Arduino uses user-friendly programming language, which is based on programming language called Processing. After the user has written his code, IDE compiles and translates the code to the assembler language. After translating the code, the IDE uploads the pro-gram to the Arduino microcontroller. Arduino IDE has a built-in code parser that will check the user written code before sending it to the Arduino. IDE software includes the set of different kind of programs that are ready to be tested on the device. After testing the program it can be uploaded to the Arduino by USB cable that vary in different models (Banzi 2011, 20-21).

Fig 11:C++ based Arduino IDE

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5. DESIGN APPROACH AND DETAILS 5.1.PROPOSED MODEL This Arduino Smart Blind Stick Project requires two separate circuits. One is the main circuit which will be mounted on the blind man’s stick. The other is a small remote RF transmitter circuit which will be used to locate the main circuit. The main board’s circuit diagram is shown below:

Fig.12:circuit diagram of Arduino based smart blind stick

Fig 13:Working of BlindStick

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5.2. SMART BLINDSTICK USING PROTEUS

An Arduino Uno is used to control all the sensors. The complete board is powered by a 5V battery . The Ultrasonic sensor is powered by 5V and the trigger and Echo pin is connected to Arduino uno pin 8 and 9 as shown below. The output of the board is given by the Buzzer 1,Buzzer 2 which is connected to pin 4 and pin 6 and LED to pin no. 5. So that is how a Blind person can track his stick. Once we are ready with our hardware, we can connect the Arduino to our Computer and start programming.

Fig 14:Beeping of Buzzer

Now if we move the Ultra Sonic sensor closer to object and you will notice the Buzzer beeping and this beeping frequency increases as the stick goes closer to object. If the LDR is covered in dark or if there is too much light the buzzer will beep. If everything is normal the buzzer will not beep.

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5.3.PROGRAMMING FOR ARDUINO UNO /* * make a smart stick that helps the Blind */ #define trigPin 9 #define echoPin 8 #define buzzer1 4//active #define buzzer2 6//active #define Led1 5//active int sound = 500; void setup() { Serial.begin (9600); pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); pinMode(buzzer1, OUTPUT); pinMode(buzzer2, OUTPUT); pinMode(Led1, OUTPUT); } void loop() { Serial.begin(9600); long duration, distance; digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); delay(2); digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

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delay(10); digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); distance = (duration/2) / 29.1; digitalWrite(buzzer1, LOW); digitalWrite(buzzer2, LOW); digitalWrite(Led1, LOW) if (distance<10) { digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH); delay(20); } if (distance<40) { digitalWrite(buzzer1, HIGH); delay(20); digitalWrite(buzzer2, HIGH); delay(20); } if (distance<40) { digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH); delay(20); digitalWrite(buzzer1, HIGH); delay(20); digitalWrite(buzzer2, HIGH); delay(20); } }

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5.4.PROGRAMMING FOR ULTRASONIC SENSOR #ifndef Ultrasonic_h #define Ultrasonic_h if( ARDUINO >=100) #include "Arduino.h" else #include "WProgram.h" endif #define CM 1 #define INC 0 class Ultrasonic { public: Ultrasonic(int TP,int EP); Ultrasonic(int TP,int EP,long TO); long Timing(); long Ranging(int sys); private: int Trig_pin; int Echo_pin; long Time_out; long duration,distance_cm,distance_inc; } Endif

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6.PROJECT DEMONSTRATION

Fig 15:System Design of Smart stick

6.1. HARDWARE AND WORKING PRINCIPLE

The main part in the system is the microcontroller that controls the other components in the system.The hardware consists of ultrasonic sensor used for the detecting of obstacles in front of the blind person. In this hardware it consists of two number of buzzers.A LED is connected for notification purpose . One is for ultrasonic and another one is for RF Receiver and Transmitter. The emergency button is also provided in the stick. If there is any emergency condition occurs for the blind person, the person needs to press the button once, and the location will be transferred to the guardian mobile phone.

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6.2.RESULT

Fig 16:Result

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6.3.ADVANTAGES OF SMART BLIND STICK USING ARDUINO

•

Arduino can be replaced by upgraded Microcontroller or chip.

•

It can be further enhanced by using VLSI technology to design the PCB unit. This can make the system even more compact.

•

More sensors can be used for further application.

•

Image processing can be used for knowing about the volume of obstacles and object patterns.

•

GPS tracker can be used for more accurate location.

•

Android application can be developed.

•

High range ultrasonic sensor can be used.

6.4.FUTURE SCOPE

•

The technologies behind blind sticks are upgrading day by day.

•

And our model ensures one thing that is making the task of moving of a blind person easy and comfortable.

•

The stick is also very light and handy to carry. And the components or parts that we used in the stick are also easily available and less in cost

•

. And besides all that the manufacturing cost is also quite low, that makes the stick affordable for people of all class and age.

•

In future, if further improvement and investment is carried out with the stick then it will be an even more effective device for the future world.

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7.COST ANALYSIS

The Smart Blindstick is an innovative stick designed for visually impaired people for improved navigation with advanced technology using Proteus.While implementing in hardware,we need to keep the circuitry simple and make the connection carefully for it’s proper working.The cost data for the components are collected as follows.

Cost details of Smart Blindstick; Arduino UNO (R3)

Rs.465

Blind Cane

Rs.300

Bread Board+Wire Set

Rs.260

Ultrasonic Sensor(2pcs.)

Rs.249

Buzzer with Battery

Rs.191

TOTAL COST

Rs.1465

Hence this system offers a low cost,reliable,portable,low power consumption device,which is affordable for any ordinary visually impaired person.

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8. SUMMARY It is necessary that visually impaired people get access to an efficient and comfortable object in order to live their daily life comfortably.It is worth mentioning at this point that the aim of this study which is the design and implementation of a smart walking stick for the blind has been fully achieved. The Smart Stick acts as a basic platform for the coming generation of more aiding devices to help the visually impaired to navigate safely both indoor and outdoor. It is effective and affordable. It leads to good results in detecting the obstacles on the path of the user in a range of three meters. This system offers a low-cost, reliable, portable, low power consumption and robust solution for navigation with obvious short response time. Though the system is hard-wired with sensors and other components, it's light in weight. Further aspects of this system can be improved via wireless connectivity between the system components, thus, increasing the range of the ultrasonic sensor and implementing a technology for determining the speed of approaching obstacles. While developing such an empowering solution, visually impaired and blind people in all developing countries were on top of our priorities. The device constructed in this work is only capable of detecting obstacles and moisture. Holes cannot be detected using this device nor the nature of obstacle. Therefore, a better device can be constructed using ultrasonic sensors, arduino Uno and other devices that employ audio commands to alert the user of what is in his path of movement. A vibrator may also be added for ease of use and convenience. In the future, further modifications to enhance the performance of the system will be added. These include: A global positioning method to find the position of' the user using the GPS, and GSM modules to communicate the location to a relative or care giver. It should also accommodate wide varying grips for flexible handling.

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9.REFFERENCE:[1] G. Gayathri, M. Vishnupriya, R. Nandhini and M. Banupriya “Smart Walking Stick for Visually Impaired.” International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 3, number 3, pp. 4057-4061, 2014. [2] R. Radhika, P.G. Pai, S. Rakshitha and R. Srinath “Implementation of Smart Stick for Obstacle Detection and Navigation.” International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, number 5, pp. 45-50, 2016. [3] M.H. Mahmud, R. Saha and S. Islam “Smart Walking Stick – An Electronic Approach to Assist Visually Disabled Persons.” International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, vol. 4, number 10, pp. 111-114, 2013. [4] A. Jose, G. George, M.R. Nair, M. J. Shilpa and M. B. Mathai “Voice Enabled Smart Walking Stick for Visually Impaired.” International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 80-85, 2016. [5] R. Sheth, S. Rajandekar, S. Laddha and R. Chaudhari “Smart White Cane – An Elegant and Economic Walking Aid.” American Journal of Engineering Research. Vol. 3, number 10, pp. 84-89, 2014. [6] C.S. Kher, Y.A. Dabhade, S.K Kadam., S.D. Dhamdhere and A.V. Deshpande “An Intelligent Walking Stick for the Blind.” International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, vol. 3, number 1, pp. 1057-1062, 2015. [7] B.G. Roopashree, B.S. Patil and B.R. Shruthi “Smart Electronic Stick for Visually Impaired.” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, number 7, pp. 6389-6395, 2015. [8] O. O. Olakanmi, “A Multidimensional Walking Aid for Visually Impaired Using Ultrasonic Sensors Network with Voice Guidance", International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications (IJISA), vol. 6, number 8, pp. 53-59, 2014. DOI: 10.5815/ijisa.2014.08.06 [9] E. J. Chukwunazo and G. M. Onengiye “Design and Implementation of Microcontroller Based Mobility Aid for Visually Impaired People.” International Journal of Science and Research. Vol. 5, issue 6, pp. 680-686, 2015. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/v5i6.NOV164233. [10] G. Prasanthi and P. Tejaswitha “Sensor Assisted Stick for the Blind People.” Transactions on Engineering and Sciences, vol. 3, number 1, pp. 12-16, 2015.

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[11] G. Prasanthi and P. Tejaswitha “Sensor Assisted Stick for the Blind People.” Transactions on Engineering and Sciences, vol. 3, number 1, pp. 12-16, 2015. [12] Sung Jae Kang, et al." Development of an Intelligent Guide-Stick for the Blind", Proceeding of the IEEE international Conference on Robotics & Automation, 2001. [13] Y. Kawai andF. Tomita, “A support system for visually impaired persons to understand three-dimensional visual information using acoustic interface", IEEE Conference on Pattern Recognition, Vol.3,pp.974-977,2002. [14] J. M. Sáez, F. Escolano, and A. Peñalver, “First steps towards stereo- based 6DOF SLAM for the visually impaired,” in IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), San Diego, USA,2005. [15] AlbertoRodriguez, et al., "Obstacle avoidance system for assisting visually impaired people", in proceeding IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Workshop, 2012. [16] ShrutiDambhare, et al., "Smart stick for Blind: Obstacle Detection, Artificial vision and Real-time assistance via GPS", 2nd National Conference on Information and Communication Technology (NCICT), 2011. [17] Mohammad Hazzaz, et al., "Smart Walking Stick- an electronic approach to assist visually disable persons", International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research vol. 4, No. 10, 2013. [18]S.Shoval,J.Borenstein,Y.Koren,“Mobilerobotobstacleavoidanceinacomputerizedtr avelaidfortheblind,”ProceedingsoftheIEEEInternationalConferenceonRoboticsandAut omation,May1994 [19] S.Innet,N. Ritnoom” An Application of Infrared Sensors for Electronic White Stick”2008InternationalSymposiumonIntelligentSignalProcessingandCommunication SystemsBangkok,Thailand [20]J.Na,“TheblindinteractiveguidesystemusingRFID

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system, ”Lecture Notesin Computer Science,SpringerPublications,vol.4061,pp.12981305,2006.

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10. APPENDIX A GANTT CHART

27

Curriculum vitae

Name

:

SIBARAM SETHY

Father’s name

:

SURESH SETHY

Date of Birth

:

10.05.1997

Nationality

:

Indian

Sex

:

Male

Company placed

:

Permanent Address

:

AT-SANAKUSASTHALI, PO-BADAKUSASTHALI, VIA-BHANJABIHAR GANJAM ODISHA , PIN-760007

Phone Number

:

7077949447

Mobile

:

8249210856

Email Id

:

[email protected]

CGPA: 7.23

Examinations taken:GATE

Curriculum vitae

Name

:

DEEKSHYA RANI BHOI

Father’s name

:

SUSANTA KUMAR BHOI

Date of Birth

:

22.01.1998

Nationality

:

Indian

Sex

:

Female

Company placed

:

Permanent Address

:

KESABA NAGAR, WD. NO.-01,BARGARH, PIN-768028

Phone Number

:

7978068988

Mobile

:

7684981424

Email Id

:

[email protected]

CGPA: 8.32

Examinations taken: GATE

Curriculum vitae

Name

:

BARSHA PANDA

Father’s name

:

Date of Birth

:

25.04.1999

Nationality

:

Indian

Sex

:

Female

Company placed

:

Permanent Address

:AT/PO-BHANDARIPOKHARI,

PRASANTA KUMAR PANDA

DIST-BHADRAK,PIN-756120 Phone Number

:

7327076282

Email Id

:

[email protected]

CGPA: 6.8

Examinations taken:GATE

Curriculum vitae

Name

:

RUDRA PRASAD PRADHAN

Father’s name

:

KRUTIBAS PRADHAN

Date of Birth

:

30.05.1999

Nationality

:

Indian

Sex

:

Male

Company placed

:

Permanent Address

:

AT/PO-JAHADA, DIST-GANJAM,PIN-761107

Phone Number

:

9583202324

Mobile

:

8114911016

Email Id

:

[email protected]

CGPA: 8.1

Examinations taken:GATE

Curriculum vitae

Name

:

UMESH CHANDRA SETHI

Father’s name

:

KINURAM SETHI

Date of Birth

:

10.05.1992

Nationality

:

Indian

Sex

:

Male

Company placed

:

Permanent Address

:

AT/PO-NARASINGHPUR, VIA-DHAMARA,DIST-BHADRAK, PIN-756171

Phone Number

:

7008949362

Email Id

:

[email protected]

CGPA: 6.70

Examinations taken:GATE