Section 1.0 Drilling Overview

WELL CONSTRUCTION

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

SECTION 1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

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WELL CONSTRUCTION

Learning Objectives: You should be able to: • Understand the roles of a drilling engineer during a well construction operations. • Explain the importance and the benefits to be gained from a properly constructed well. • Explain the various stages of well construction in PCSB’s drilling operations.

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WELL CONSTRUCTION

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

Drilling Overview > Why we drill a well ?

> Drilling history > Life of Field w/relation to Drilling > Basic well types - exploration, development, etc. > Basic well configuration - casing scheme & completions > Specifications

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1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

WELL CONSTRUCTION

WHY WE DRILL A WELL ?

to gather information • for subsurface evaluation

to produce hydrocarbons • to produce oil or gas

to inject gas or water • for reservoir pressure maintenance • for gas conservation

to “kill” a blow out well • to regain control of a blow out well

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for geothermal power • to produce steam for electric generation

WELL CONSTRUCTION

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

WHEN WAS THE FIRST WELL DRILLED ? •

First commercial well was drilled in USA in 1859 •

•

Drilled by Col Edwin L. Drake

First well drilled in Malaysia was in 1910 •

drilled by Shell in Miri (Canada Hill) also called Grand Old Lady

•

PCSB was established on 11 May 1978

•

First well drilled by PCSB was for the Duyong field in Aug1980

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WELL CONSTRUCTION

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1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

WELL CONSTRUCTION

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1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

WELL CONSTRUCTION

The Grand Old Lady

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1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

WELL CONSTRUCTION

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

Duyong Platform Complex (Gas Field)

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WELL CONSTRUCTION

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

False alarm ! It’s untreated sewage…..

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WELL CONSTRUCTION

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

LIFE OF FIELD CYCLE - DRILLING INVOLVEMENT

In Production and Abandonment Phases - Drilling is involved in Infill Drilling, Workover, and Well Abandonment

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WELL CONSTRUCTION The look inside the workflow

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WELL CONSTRUCTION

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

BASIC WELL TYPES Exploration wells • “Wild Cat” 

the first exploration well drilled in a new field with no offset well information available to obtain data and prove hydrocarbon presence.

•

Appraisal / Delineation 

the subsequent wells drilled after a wild cat well to further assess the field and confirm its commerciality.

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WELL CONSTRUCTION

An exploration well is the ONLY way to prove that hydrocarbons are present

Followed by appraisal and development wells

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1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

WELL CONSTRUCTION

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

BASIC WELL TYPES .

Development wells •

Oil and/or Gas producer 

•

Water injector 

•

drilled for reservoir pressure maintenance

Gas injector 

•

drilled to produce the hydrocarbon, oil and/or gas.

drilled for reservoir pressure maintenance or gas conservation (avoid flaring of gas, prohibited under certain environmental conditions)

Combination wells 

combination of the above e.g oil producer with gas injector or appraisal development wells

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WELL CONSTRUCTION

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

BASIC WELL TYPES .

Others •

Geothermal wells 

•

Water wells 

•

Drilled in volcanic areas to inject water & produce steam to generate electricity

To produce water

Drilled cuttings disposal 

Use to re-inject cuttings into the formation for disposal

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WELL CONSTRUCTION

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

BASIC WELL CONFIGURATION Typical casing configuration

Types of well completion

P R O D U C E R PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

I N J E C T O R

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Drilling Operations - Making Holes Typical Sequence of Operations :

• Rig up

Depth reference below derrick floor - bdf rotary kelly bushing - rkb Main deck Cellar deck

depth reference PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

Sea level

Conductor

WELL CONSTRUCTION

To diverter line

Install diverter

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WELL CONSTRUCTION

Surface Casing

Drilling Fluid

Drill 17 1/2” hole PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Surface Casing

Stab-in float collar Run 13 3/8” casing PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Surface Casing

5” Drill Pipe Stinger Installed after running casing

Drilling Fluid

13-3/8” Casing

Run cement Carig stinger

ali

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WELL CONSTRUCTION

Surface Casing

5” Drill Pipe Stinger

Cement Slurry

13-3/8” Casing being cemented Cement the surface casing PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Surface Casing

5” Drill Pipe Stinger

Drilling Fluid

13-3/8” Casing cemented in place Displace the cement from the stinger PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

13 3/8” Casing (still suspended from the drill floor) BOP Diverter (to be removed)

13 3/8” Casing

13 3/8” Casing cemented to surface PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

Prepare to remove the diverter and excess casing

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Remove Diverter

Drain and cut the casing PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Fillet-Weld casing head to 13 3/8” casing

13 3/8” Casing head

Side outlet valve

Install casing head housing PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION Mud Riser

(allows drilling fluid returns to mud system)

BOP Stack

Ring joint flange connects BOP to casing head

13-3/8” Casing PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

Install BOP stack and mud riser

WELL CONSTRUCTION

BOP Test Plug run on drill pipe

Pressure test BOP stack and well head PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

12-1/4” Drilling Assembly

Well head wear protection sleeve Run 12 1/4” drilling assembly PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Drilling out cement inside 13 3/8” casing shoe track

Drill out casing shoe track PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

13-3/8” Casing Shoe Drilling Fluid returning up annulus

Drill 12 1/4” hole section PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Intermediate Casing

Drilling Fluid

9-5/8” Casing

Casing Float Collar Casing Float Shoe

Run 9 5/8” casing PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Intermediate Casing

Drilling Fluid

9-5/8” Casing

Cement slurry behind casing and in shoe track Cement

9 5/8” casing PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

9 5/8” casing suspended from rotary table

9 5/8” Casing 13 5/8” Casing Head

13 3/8” Casing PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

Prepare to lift the BOP stack

WELL CONSTRUCTION

BOP lifted to assist installation of casing slips in casing Head

9 5/8” Casing 9 5/8”casing slip & seal assembly

13 5/8” Casing Head Install casing slip & seal assembly PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Holes cut to drain mud

13 5/8” Casing head housing

9 5/8” casing slips Drain & cut

9 5/8” casing PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Casing spool

9 5/8” Casing 13 5/8” Casing Head

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Side Outlet Valve

9 5/8” casing slips Install casing spool

WELL CONSTRUCTION

BOP stack

Casing Spool

Re-install BOP stack PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

BOP Test Plug

Pressure test BOP stack PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

8 1/2” Drilling assembly

Protection sleeve

9 5/8” Casing Run 8 1/2” drilling assembly PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

9 5/8” Casing float shoe

Drill out 9 5/8” casing shoe track PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

9-5/8” Casing shoe

Drill through cap rock (impermeable formation) into reservoir

Drill into reservoir

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Shale

Sandstone or Limestone

Continue drilling into the reservoir

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Production casing

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Run and cement the production casing

WELL7” CONSTRUCTION casing slip

and seal assembly

BOP lifted to assist installation of slip and seal assembly

Casing Spool 9-5/8” Casing

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Set the 7” casing slip and seal assembly

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Holes cut to drain mud

Drain and cut the production casing PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Tubing Spool

Side Outlet Valve

Casing Spool

Casing Head Install the tubing head spool PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Re-install BOP

Bit and scraper assembly for 7” casing Protective Sleeve 7” Casing

Run bit and casing scraper PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Casing scraper Production casing

Bit

Run bit and casing scraper to clean out casing PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Production casing

Perforations

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Perforate casing in selected production interval

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Production tubing

Production casing

Production packer

Tail pipe

Install well completion PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Tubing hanger Production tubing

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Suspend production tubing on tubing hanger

WELL CONSTRUCTION

Connection to flow line

Christmas tree

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Remove BOP and Install Christmas tree

WELL CONSTRUCTION

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

FUNDAMENTALS OF DRILLING OPERATIONS

TYPICAL SEQUENCE OF DRILLING OPERATIONS Exploration/Appraisal Well - Floating Drilling Unit • Anchor & Position rig • Spud well, drill pilot hole and open pilot hole • Run conductor casing & Permanent Guide Base • Drill pilot hole/surface hole • Set surface casing • Run BOP on marine riser • Drill intermediate hole (pilot hole if necessary) • Log intermediate hole • Set intermediate casing • Test BOP • Drill/core production hole • Run logs • Set production casing • Perform well testing • Plug and abandon, move off location PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

TYPICAL SEQUENCE OF DRILLING OPERATIONS Development Well - Jack-up or Tender Assisted • Position rig • Skid rig over slot • Clean out conductor • Set cement plug • Drill top hole (pilot hole if first well) • Set surface casing • Install & test BOP • Drill intermediate hole • Set intermediate casing • Install & test BOP • Drill production hole • Run logs • Set production casing • Complete well • Skid rig PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SG-10

WELL CONSTRUCTION

DRILLING MOVIE

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