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Growing with Grammar - 8

ANSWER KEY

Chapter 1: Nouns: Revision A. Note: Answers may vary in some sentences. Sample answers are provided.

1. sportsperson 5. Kolkata 9. leather

B. 1. bundle 5. crew 9. suite

2. silver 3. courage 6. bunch 7. Taj Mahal 10. Carribean, shoal

2. crowd/group/mob 6. herd 10. orchard

3. swarm 7. team

2. height 6. strength 10. pleasure

3. Honesty 7. happiness

C. 1. behaviour 5. laughter 9. illness

4. labs, technology 8. character 4. litter 8. library/collection 4. knowledge 8. leadership

D. 2. country – country is a common noun, while the others are proper nouns.

3. music – music is an abstract noun, while the others are collective nouns.



4. doctor – doctor is a common noun, while the others are abstract nouns.



5. cow –



6. apple – apple is a countable noun, while the others are uncountable nouns.



7. book – all the other words except for book are material nouns.



8. bread – bread is an uncountable noun, while all the others are countable nouns.

cow is a common noun, while the others are collective nouns.

E. Reading Skills Common nouns – parts, animals, zebras, elephants, giraffes, people, land, environment, conservationists, wildlife, thing

Proper nouns – Africa, Loise Liebenberg

Collective nouns – herds

Abstract nouns – problem, nature, fight, information, success, understanding



Material nouns – 

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Countable nouns – parts, animals, zebras, giraffes, elephants, people, environment, conservationists, thing, herds, problem, fight, success



Uncountable nouns – land, wildlife, nature, information, understanding

F. Speaking Skills

Students should follow the instructions given in the book and make a presentation based on a survey. The focus is on different types of nouns.

Chapter 2: Pronouns: Revision Warm Up I, you, me, you, I, you, I, you, you A. 1. I, me 5. they, them

2. They, us 6. He, me, I, he

3. she 7. her, it

4. us, We

B. 2. This notebook is his.

3. This bicycle is mine.



4. The farm is not ours.



5. That hockey stick isn’t yours.



6. I take care of the belongings that/which are mine.



7. She ironed only those clothes that/which were hers.



8. Eat only the tiffin that/which is yours.

C. 1. This dog isn’t a German Shepherd. This is a Labrador.

2. That house is going to be sold. That is the one I want to buy.



3. These are Jain temples. These temples are famous for their architecture.



4. How much is that painting? That will cost you five lakh rupees.



5. Those are frozen strawberries. These ones are fresh.



6. That is the way to the railway station. This road will take you to Delhi Gate.

D. 1. himself 5. themselves 9. herself

2. herself 6. himself 10. themselves

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3. themselves 7. herself

4. ourselves 8. myself

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E. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 1’ from the CD or read out the following sentences to the class.

1. The manager was himself absent from the conference.



2. My friend has saved enough money to buy a laptop for herself.



3. We cooked all the food ourselves.



4. You should count yourselves lucky you got off with paying a fine.



5. The girls must learn to defend themselves.



6. I myself failed to recognise my cousin.



7. Rita herself lost the key of the cupboard.



8. Sanjay is always praising himself.

Answer: 1. emphatic 4. reflexive 7. emphatic

2. reflexive 5. reflexive 8. reflexive

3. emphatic 6. emphatic

F. 1. Who 5. What

3. What 7. which

4. Which 8. What

2. Whose 6. Whose

G. Speaking Skills

Working in pairs, students have to take turns to ask personal information about their partners using only interrogative pronouns. Then, they should share the information with the class. Follow the sample given in the grammar books.

H. Relative pronoun, the antecedent

1. that, the story

2. which, the coat 3. who, the students



4. which, the email

5. whom, the person



7. that, all the books

8. who, the man

6. whose, a woman

I. 1. Yesterday I saw a blind man who could make beautiful paintings.

2. The purse that/which I found under my bus seat is full of money.



3. The children laughed at Mary, whose sheep followed her to school.



4. We visited an old fort that/which was built in the fourteenth century.



5. The teacher scolded the children, who were making a lot of noise.



6. He told us a story which was really terrifying.



7. I want the phone which everyone has.

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8. We raised money to help those people whose houses were destroyed in the flood.

Chapter 3: Adjectives Warm Up Students have to make sentences using the given adjectives both attributively and predicatively. A couple of sample sentences are provided below: beautiful - What a beautiful sight! The scenery is so beautiful.

selfish - And so he was known as a selfish giant. That act proves that he is very selfish.

A. Note: Answers may vary. Sample answers are provided.

1. sorrowful, awful

2. musical, accidental



3. likable, enjoyable

4. famous, joyous



5. troublesome, wholesome

6. careless, fearless



7. iconic, sarcastic

8. woven, mistaken

B. 1. notorious, expensive – adjectives of quality

2. popular, large – adjectives of quality



3. What – interrogative adjective, my – possessive adjective



4. Such – demonstrative adjectives



5. gruesome – adjective of quality



6. this – demonstrative adjectives, broken-down – adjective of quality



7. international, sports, physical – adjectives of quality



8. its – possessive adjective

C. Note: Answers may vary in sentences 1 and 4. Sample answers are provided.

1. considerable 5. his

2. domestic 6. such

3. Which 7. its

4. muddy, foggy 8. What

D. Note: Answers may vary. Sample answers are provided.

1. many 6. First, etc.

2. Each 7. a lot of

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3. lots of/much, few 8. enough

4. every 9. some

5. Each

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E. Reading Skills

any other small (town), Italian (coast), little coloured (houses), their (beauty), other (buildings), interesting, unusual (something), many, real (things), fishing (village), solid (walls), elaborate (stonework), some (flowers), other (flowers), long (time), their (houses), bright (colours), unusual (designs), elaborate (facades and balconies), their (homes), this (style), small, simple (buildings), grand (buildings), a lot of (money)

F. Listening Skills



Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 2’ from the CD or read out the following sentences to the class.

1. Sneha finds it hard to make friends. This is because she feels uncomfortable among people she doesn’t know well. Some people find her rude, but that’s not the case.



2. Lalit wants to know everything about his classmates and friends. He does not hesitate to ask overly personal questions to get the information he wants.



3. Giti felt rather out of sorts one day. She was unable to concentrate in class and focus on what the teacher was saying. She wondered whether she was coming down with something.



4. Mohan is very full of energy. He is always the first to volunteer to run an errand. His teacher and parents can always depend on him to take on responsibilities.



5. Mrs. Rao keeps a watchful eye on the young employees in her department and is always willing to lend them a helping hand, even when they don’t need or ask for it. Answer: 1. (b) shy 4. (b) lively/(a) active

2. (c) prying 5. (c) officious

3. (a) unwell

G. Working in groups, students have to follow the instructions given in the book and follow the sentences in the Listening Skills task as an sample. You may play the audio/read out the sentences for ex. F again to help students understand the style in which they have to frame the descriptions.

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Chapter 4: Adjectives: Degrees of Comparison Warm Up A few sample sentences are provided: 1. I am the best table tennis player in the class. 2. Aria is faster at running than me. A. bright – brighter – brightest, short – shorter, shortest, long – longer – longest, heavy – heavier – heaviest, dirty – dirtier – dirtiest, sad – sadder – saddest, ugly – uglier – ugliest, pretty – prettier – prettiest, hot – hotter – hottest, costly – costlier – costliest, famous – more famous – most famous, high – higher – highest, lucky – luckier – luckiest, active – more active – most active, broad – broader – broadest, beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful, fit – fitter – fittest, fine – finer – finest, surprising – more surprising – most surprising, popular – more popular – most popular B. 3. Water is more necessary than food.

4. Rajni is the cleverest/most clever girl in our class.



5. A horse is stronger than a donkey.



6. Amitabh Bachchan is the most famous Indian actor.



7. Durian is the stinkiest/most stinky fruit in the world.



8. Mangoes are more delicious than oranges.



9. J.K. is a more popular writer than Jacqueline Wilson.



10. My grandmother is the wisest person in my family.

C. 1. best 6. easiest

2. greatest 7. heaviest

D. 1. oldest 5. farthest

3. beautiful 8. worse

2. Further 6. oldest

4. better 9. least

3. eldest/oldest 7. older

5. costlier 10. Many, more 4. further 8. farther

E. Speaking Skills

Students have to read the sample conversation in the book and carry out the instructions. Focus on the correct use of the degrees of comparison.

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Chapter 5: Verbs Warm Up Students have to follow the instructions in the book and describe themselves in 6 to 8 sentences. A sample is given in the book. A. Reading Skills

The load was rather heavy, and I had had neither food nor rest since the morning. I got along fairly till we came to Ludgate Hill, but by now I was very tired. My feet slipped from under me, and I fell heavily to the ground. Hunger and exhaustion seemed to beat all the breath out of my body. I lay perfectly still and I thought I was going to die. I heard a pitiful voice say, ‘Oh, that poor horse! It is our fault.’ Someone came and loosened the throat strap of my bridle, and undid the traces which kept the collar so tight upon me. Some cold water was thrown over my head, and some cordial was poured into my mouth, and something warm was used to cover me.



In the evening I was sufficiently recovered to be led back to Skinner’s stables. The farrier came and examined me very closely. He said that I was suffering from overwork more than disease. If Skinner allowed me to rest for six months, I would be completely healed and able to work again.

B. Note: Answers will vary. A few sample sentences are provided.

1. The school canteen is closed over the weekend.



2. The senior students are going to visit the National Art Gallery.

C. Writing Skills

Students may use the guidelines provided in the book to develop the paragraph. Encourage them to think of their own ideas as well. Pay special attention to the correct usage of different verbs.

D. verb; direct object:

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1. cut (transitive); her hand 2. blew (transitive); his whistle 3. looks (intransitive); - 4. woke (intransitive); - 5. am tempted (transitive, passive); to have (here, the infinitive works as a direct object) 6. hopped (intransitive); T H – Growing with Grammar-8

7. burnt (intransitive); - 9. heals (transitive);

8. slept (intransitive); 10. eat (transitive); two main meals

E. Note: Students need to make their own sentences by adding an indirect object to these transitive verbs. Sample answers are given below for guidance.

2. I left a message for my father.



3. The band performed for the screaming crowd.



4. Nitin bought an acoustic guitar for himself.



5. He wrote a long letter to his old friend.



6. The doctor gave an injection to my little nephew.



7. The hostess served the food to the guests.



8. She gave her word to me.



9. My father ordered the food for my sister and me.



10. The courier delivered a package to us.

F. 1. finite 6. finite

2. finite 7. non-finite

3. non-finite 8. finite

4. non-finite 9. non-finite

5. finite 10. non-finite

G. Speaking Skills

Encourage students to let their imagination run wild and be very creative. Remind them to use both finite and non-finite verbs in their speech.

Formative Assessment 1 A. 1. leadership 5. friendship 9. truth B. 1. herself 5. myself

2. wisdom 6. freedom 10. ability

3. happiness 7. purity 11. equality

2. myself 3. himself 6. yourself/yourselves

4. depth 8. death 12. laziness

4. themselves

C. 1. Which – interrogative adjective

2. popular – adjective of quality



3. those – demonstrative adjective

4. My – possessive adjective



5. such – demonstrative adjective

6. many – adjective of quantity

D. 1. worst 4. least

2. farthest 5. most

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3. oldest/eldest 6. best

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E. verb; direct object

1. recommended; this book 3. set; some interesting problems 5. administered; polio drops

2. sold; spoilt eggs 4. was teaching; her cubs 6. ordered; breakfast



Life Skills



The students’ response to the situation will be subjective. They may choose more than one of the options provided but must give a reason for each of their choices. You may also encourage them to think of solutions of their own.

Chapter 6: Tenses: Revision A. 1. He/She cooks his/her own meals.

2. An elephant never forgets.



3. Do his/her children go to school?



4. A cat doesn’t chase cars.



5. An auto-rickshaw makes a lot of noise.



6. Does a penguin lay eggs?



7. She/He always watches the news at nine.



8. He/She doesn’t make good coffee.

B. 1. are doing 4. is moving 7. are you doing

2. is carrying 5. are you waiting 8. am tearing up

3. are treating 6. am waiting, is coming

C. 1. does, smell, is using

2. are, wearing, am going, do, want



3. is raining, doesn’t have

4. do..understand, is saying



5. listen, are, thinking

6. Is..feeling, Is.. taking



7. borrows, remembers

D. 1. You ate too much.

2. She got up very early.



3. We left home at 8 o’clock.



4. I didn’t understand the question.

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5. Did she always wear white?



6. She didn’t like cooking.



7. Raj often told lies.



8. I knew what she wanted. 9. The baby cried when it was hungry.



10. My grandmother lay down after lunch.

E. Reading Skills

regular verbs – lived, started, composed, performed, achieved, died



irregular verbs – was, began, gave, became, grew, went, lost, chose, was, wrote, made

F. arrived, was waiting, was wearing, looked/ was looking, saw, waved, was calling, came, asked, was arriving, wanted, took, ran, reached, was pulling in G. Note: Answers may vary. Sample answers are provided.

1. will enjoy

2. shall do

3. will accept

4. shall remember



5. will shatter

6. will scold

7. shall visit

8. will feel



9. will like

10. will earn

H. 1. shall be waiting

2. will rise



3. will play/will be playing

4. Will we do/Will we be doing



5. will be flying

6. will be preparing



7. will not be moving

8. will start

I. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 3’ from the CD or read out the following passage to the class. The students then have do as instructed in the class.

Well, my name is Yu Tank and I speak many languages fluently— Malay, because my dad’s Malaysian, Mandarin Chinese, because my mother is from China, and English, because I went to an English school in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. That’s where we live. I speak a little of Arabic, too, and a bit of German. I think the language I like the best is Chinese, because that’s what I speak with my friends. But I think I’m much better at English than the other

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languages. I really want to travel to other countries in the future, then my German, Arabic and English will get better. Listening is usually the biggest problem for me—people speak so fast! Answer: live, is, is, is, learnt, went, speaks, likes, thinks, finds, speak J. Speaking Skills

The students should engage in an open discussion. Remind them to use different tenses in the conversation, especially the present and future tenses.

Chapter 7: The Perfect Tenses A. 2. The train from Amritsar has arrived on platform 8.

3. The company has bought replacement parts from Japan.



4. He has suggested some alternatives to the original proposal.



5. Our parents have taught us good social behaviour.



6. The government has announced a number of new development projects.



7. My friend Amina has won the spelling bee contest.

B. 1. just

2. already 3. yet

C. 1. since

2. for

4. already

3. since 4. for

5. just

6. just

7. yet

5. for

6. since 7. for

D. have just received, has bought, have already shifted, stood, secured, gave, has announced, has started E. Note: Answers will vary. A few sample answers are provided for guidance.

1. Nitin was happy because he had received a book.



2. Arushi was upset because she had fought with a friend.



3. The principal was pleased because the students had performed well.

F. 1. will have finished, reach

2. shall have visited, leave



3. will have sent

4. will have closed, comes



5. stops

6. will have retired, graduates



7. shall have finished, come

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G. has forgotten, have been waiting, has come, has walked, have already placed, have been, have been trying, have not been, has even looked, has been running H. 1. had slept 4. had been helping 7. hadn’t studied

2. had been waiting 5. had listened

3. hadn’t rained 6. had not been walking

I. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 4’ from the CD or read out the following conversation to the class.



Nitin: Have you been to this restaurant before, Sneha?



Sneha: No, I haven’t. But I have heard that they serve the best South Indian meals in town.



Girish: The food is certainly very good. I have eaten here a number of times.



Sneha: I have decided to have a rava dosa. But I don’t know what drink to have.



Lucky: I have settled on watermelon juice. And I want a mixed uttapam for my meal.



Sneha: Do they have fresh fruit juice?



Girish: I have had the fruit juice they serve here. I don’t think it’s fresh.



Sneha: In that case I don’t want the juice.



Nitin: What are you having, Girish? Have you made up your mind?



Girish: I had planned to order the North Indian thali, but I’m not sure whether I will be able to finish all the food.



Sneha: Why don’t you take the South Indian thali? It will be lighter.



Girish: You’re right. I will have the South Indian thali.



Nitin: And I’ll have the same. That completes our order.



Sneha: What about drinks?



Lucky: Many of the guests have ordered buttermilk. I think it must be a specialty of this restaurant. Let’s order the same.



Girish: Good idea.



Sneha: All right, call the waiter and give him our orders quickly. I’m famished.

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Answer: Nitin – South Indian thali



Sneha – a rava dosa, buttermilk



Girish – South Indian thali, buttermilk



Lucky – a mixed uttapam, buttermilk

J. Speaking Skills

Students have to work in groups and follow the instruction given in the book. Focus on the use of the perfect and perfect continuous tenses. Follow the sample in the book.

Chapter 8: Present Participles and Past Participles

Warm Up tattered, amazing, learned, rolling, burnt, boiling

A. 1. worried 2. exciting 3. confusing 4. stolen 5. lost 6. disappointed 7. decorated 8. amazing 9. injured 10. forgotten B. Note: Students have to make sentences of their own using six phrases from exercise A.

A couple of sample sentences are provided:



• The students were left puzzled after the confusing lecture on algebra.



• It was an exciting race to watch as no one could guess who would win.

C. 1. burnt 2. haunted 5. damaged 6. dancing

3. stolen 7. locked

4. disappearing 8. talking

D. 1. Knocking at the door, he demanded admission.

2. We saw a girl carrying a basket full of fruits.



3. Seeing no cars on the road, the old woman started to cross.



4. We saw a tiger chasing a deer.



5. Having been deceived/ Deceived by her brothers, she cut off all relations with them.



6. We saw many apple trees in the orchard laden with fruit.



7. Driven by rain, the hikers took shelter under a tree.

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8. Having been cheated/ Cheated by his partner, Mohit suffered great financial loss.

E. 1. Having hurt his leg, Taran stopped running.

2. Having been warned about the food, the villagers fled their homes.



3. Having lost a large amount of money, Sudhir gave up gambling.



4. Not having received a reply, I sent another letter.



5. Having alighted from the train, the passenger looked for a porter.



6. Having written two tests today, we are tired.



7. Not having slept for two days, Sabina wasn’t able to concentrate.

F. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 5’ from the CD or read out the following conversation to the class. The students then should follow the instructions in the book.

Tina: Akash, this sweet corn chowder is delicious. Can I have the recipe?



Akash: It’s a very simple recipe, Tina. You need 200 grams frozen sweet corn, 2 vegetable stock cubes, half a litre of water, an onion, 2 teaspoons of oil and some basic ground spices.



Tina: I have noted down the ingredients. Please go on.



Akash: First, cut the onion finely. Then heat the oil in a large pan, add the chopped onions and fry.



Tina: How long should I fry the onion?



Akash: A couple of minutes, until it turns a light golden colour. Now add a teaspoon of cumin powder, half a teaspoon of salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste. Fry the spices till aromatic. Then add the sweet corn.



Tina: Don’t I need to thaw the sweet corn?



Akash: No. It will thaw in the heated pan.



Tina: Please continue.



Akash: Stir the sweet corn till it is soft. In the meantime, heat water in a pan and dissolve the stock cubes in the boiling water. Your stock is ready.

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Tina: What next?



Akash: Pour the hot stock into the pan containing the sweet corn and bring it to a boil. Then cover the pan and let the soup simmer for about 10 minutes.



Tina: Is the chowder ready now?



Akash: Not quite. After 10 minutes, take the pan off the stove and let the soup cool a little. Strain out half the liquid into a bowl. Then use a handheld blender to blend the soup until the sweet corn is chunky. Pour the reserved liquid back into the pan and mix thoroughly. Taste for seasoning and add more salt or pepper if required.



Tina: What type of garnishing can I use?



Akash: You can add grated cheese for added flavour or some lightly crushed tortilla chips for crunch.



Tina: Thanks, Akash. I’m going to make this tomorrow.



Akash: You’re welcome, Tina. I’m so pleased you like it.

Answer: Present participles – boiling water

Past participles – frozen sweet corn, ground spices, chopped onions, ground black pepper, heated pan, reserved liquid, grated cheese, crushed tortilla chips

G. Speaking Skills

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Students should team up in pairs and have a conversation about their favourite dish/meal and its recipe. The focus is on using present and past participles or participle phrases in the description. They may find some expressions and phrases provided in the book helpful in this activity.

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Chapter 9: Gerunds Warm Up Telling – gerund, coming – gerund, stealing – gerund, leaking – present participle boiling – present participle, reading, writing – gerunds, jogging – gerund, annoying – present participle A. 1. smoking 5. winning 9. Listening

2. Asking, answering 6. fishing 10. bombing

3. spending 7. parking

4. dancing 8. Exercising

B. Note: Some answers may vary. Sample answers are provided.

1. playing 6. travelling

C. 1. using 6. going

2. having 7. going 2. to give 7. to drive

3. swimming 8. taking 3. waiting 8. to take up

4. going 9. going

5. reading 10. behaving

4. to see 9. laughing

5. to hear 10. to hear

D. Note: Answers will vary. A couple of sample sentences are provided.

1. Many people dislike watching live matches because of the overcrowded stadiums.



2. Anil sent a card instead of making an effort to buy a gift.

E. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 6’ from the CD or read out the following interview to the class. The students then must follow the instructions in the book.

Raman: Hello, everyone. Welcome to a new episode of ‘Today’s India’. Today, I am talking to Nidhi Narayan, the well- known writer of children’s books. Hello, Nidhi. How are you today?



Nidhi: I’m fine, Raman, and looking forward to talking to you.



Raman: The pleasure is all mine, Nidhi. I’ll begin by asking what you are working on presently.



Nidhi: Actually, I am not writing a book at present. Currently, I am more occupied with organising creative writing workshops for school students.

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Raman: Of course, how could I forget? You have been running these workshops for a couple of years now, haven’t you?



Nidhi:



Raman: Nidhi, do you think such workshops can really help students to develop their creative writing abilities?



Nidhi:



Raman: Then I wish you, and all the students who enroll in the workshops, all the best. Nidhi, thank you for coming to the studio and talking to us. I am sure our listeners have thoroughly enjoyed this programme.



Nidhi: Thank you, Raman. It has been lovely talking to you.

That’s right, Raman.As a writer of books for young adults, I enjoy interacting with children. I have found that children are very creative and have wonderful imagination. Unfortunately, our educational curriculum tends to stifle this imagination. Through my creative writing workshops, I hope to provide budding writers and poets the opportunity to explore and channel their imagination to create exciting works.

Why not? We have all heard of children excelling in acting or music. How do they do this if not through practice? Writing is another creative talent which blossoms the more it is practised. That is what I hope to achieve in my workshops.

Answer:

(For the sake of clarity, the answers have also been underlined in the listening text script above.)



talking (second sentence) – participle, (fourth sentence) – gerund, asking – gerund, organising – gerund, writing – gerund, interacting – gerund, budding – participle, exciting – participle, excelling – participle, acting – gerund, writing - gerund

F. Speaking Skills

Working in groups, students have to follow the instructions in the book. Focus on the use of gerunds in the activity. Sample questions are provided in the book for guidance.

G. Information Literacy Skills

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Conduct a brainstorming session in class and draw up a list of hobbies. Draw the students’ attention to the fact that the names of many hobbies are gerunds, for example hiking, reading, dancing, etc. T H – Growing with Grammar-8

Chapter 10: Modal Verbs A. 1. Could 2. would 6. shouldn’t 7. should

3. couldn’t 8. shouldn’t

4. should 5. would 9. couldn’t 10. should

B. 1. should 6. Would

2. would 7. should

3. could 8. could

4. should 9. Could

C. 1. couldn’t 6. wouldn’t

2. shouldn’t 7. couldn’t

3. shouldn’t 4. couldn’t 5. shouldn’t 8. shouldn’t 9. wouldn’t 10. shouldn’t

5. Should 10. should

D. Note: Students’ answers will vary. These are sample answers for guidance.

1. … they would have won the match.



2. … you should have complimented the staff.



3. … I would have invited her for dinner.



4. …you would have saved time.



5. I could have finished the work much earlier…

E. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 7’ from the CD or read out the following sentences to the class. The students should the follow the instructions in the book.

1. You could buy a plasma TV if you can afford it.



2. He wouldn’t listen to anyone and did just as he pleased.



3. She should keep interrupting the speaker though she was asked not to.



4. Children couldn’t watch this film as it is rated for ‘adults only’.



5. We should ask someone for directions before we lose our way.



6. He would take the job if it didn’t pay so little.



7. I should give him a piece of my mind if I were you.



8. He couldn’t help but overhear what they were saying.

Answer: 1. should 2.  5.  6. 

3. would 4. shouldn’t 7. would 8. 

F. Speaking Skills

Working in pairs, students should start a conversation on any situation given in the book and use modal verbs in their speech.

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G. Information Literacy Skills

Students should work in groups, find relevant information and make a presentation on one of the topics given in the book, emphasising on modal verbs and their negative forms.

Formative Assessment 2 A. 1. plays 4. are coming/will come

2. didn’t drink 5. shall be moving

3. will open 6. began/had begun

B. have shown, have passed, (have) secured, has secured, has been, have got, has won, has announced C. 1. interesting 4. annoying

2. damaged 5. used

3. boring 6. challenging

D. 1. going 4. lying

2. to go 5. to defend

3. to lie 6. Defending

E. 1. Could 4. shouldn’t

2. Shouldn’t/Should 5. Would/Wouldn’t

3. wouldn’t 6. couldn’t



Life Skills



The students’ response to the situation will be subjective. They may choose more than one of the options provided but must give a reason for each of their choices. You may also encourage them to think of solutions of their own.

Summative Assessment 1 A. Note: Some answers may vary.

1. Eiffel Tower

B. 1. What

2. trouble

3. constellation

4. rice

5. denim

2. which

3. who

4. whom 5. whose

C. 1. Lemonade is a drink which is very refreshing.

2. I find it difficult to sleep in lights which are bright.



3. Sandip gave an excuse which was rather amusing, for his absence.



4. It is advisable not to eat food that is deep-fried.



5. Not all stones that glitter are diamonds. These are fake.

D. 1. The Red Fort is not as old as Purana Qila. 20

2. A bus is bigger than a van but the truck is the biggest of the three. T H – Growing with Grammar-8



3. I think blue is one of the most soothing colours.



4. Quinine has the most bitter taste.



5. The grandmother is older than her five siblings.

E. Note: Answers may vary. Sample answers are provided.

1. making

2. kidnapped

F. 1. are doing/were doing 4. are looking

3. to tell

4. sleeping

2. was carrying 5. was blowing

5. to give

3. was moving

G. Have you not been getting, have been feeling, Have you seen, have been taking, has prescribed H. 1. Feeling tired, the construction workers stopped work for the day.

2. Encouraged by his wife, Rajesh persevered with his new venture.



3. Having been refused membership by the residents’ club, we started one of our own.



4. Taking pity on the mouse, the magician turned it into a cat.



5. The hungry fox saw a bunch of grapes hanging from a vine.

I. 1. Reading 2. watching 3. making/cooking 4. Making 5. Listening J. 1. shouldn’t

2. wouldn’t

3. couldn’t

4. shouldn’t

5. wouldn’t

Chapter 11: Interrogatives A. 1. Do 6. Did

2. Does/Did 7. Do

3. Do 8. Does/Did

4. Did 9. Does

5. Do 10. Did

B. 1. Are you looking for a poster of Nelson Mandela?

2. Is this the way to the Dhyan Chand stadium?



3. Has/Hasn’t she returned the DVD to the library?



4. Did the train arrive on time?



5. Will/Won’t your sister tell you her secret?



6. Was your mother upset when you told her the news?



7. Had Sandhya forgotten your phone number?



8. Will they be travelling in Europe by Eurorail?



9. Does she have/Has she any idea what you are talking about?

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21

C. 1. isn’t she 2. was it 3. aren’t you 4. didn’t you 5. do you 6. haven’t they 7. wasn’t it 8. won’t she 9. do you 10. isn’t it 3. don’t you 4. hasn’t she 5. didn’t they D. 1. doesn’t she 2. is it 6. didn’t you 7. isn’t it 8. did I 9. doesn’t she 10. weren’t they E. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 8’ from the CD or read out the following conversation to the class. Students then have to follow the instructions in the book.



RJ:



Purab: Hello, listeners. And thank you, Ravi, for inviting me to your programme.



RJ:



Purab: That’s right. I came second in the show ‘India Cooks’. Dipali Shaw won the competition.



RJ: That’s right. But what makes your achievement unique is that you are only fourteen years old. We want to hear all about your success, don’t we, listeners?

Good morning, listeners. This is your favourite RJ, Ravi, and I am talking to Purab Kaul. Say hello to our listeners, Purab.

It’s my pleasure. Purab, you recently won second place in a very popular reality show, haven’t you?

Purab: The participants are usually experienced home cooks or trained cooks. I was very happy to be selected in the long list of 50 competitors.

RJ:



Purab: It sure was. My name was the last to be announced. When they finally said my name, I almost broke down.



RJ:



Purab: Thank you. I tried my best to remain calm and confident so that I could do my best in the kitchen.

22

And when your name was announced in the top 20, that was an exciting moment, isn’t that?

All of us saw that on TV, didn’t we? But then onwards, you were among the most confident cooks on the show.

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RJ:

You are the only competitor who didn’t face even one elimination round. That’s right, isn’t it?



Purab: Yes. Some competitors put in their best effort in the elimination round, won’t they? So I’m glad I didn’t have to face them in a one-on-one round.



RJ: What about the finale? Some viewers felt that the challenge was unfair. The dishes you were asked to make were really complicated, weren’t they?



Purab: I wouldn’t say it was unfair, do you? Everyone is aware that the judges expect the best from the participants. And in the finale, Dipali was the best cook.



RJ:



Purab: Thank you, Ravi.

That’s very generous of you. But there can be no doubt that your achievement is amazing.

Answer: haven’t you (correct answer: didn’t you), don’t we, isn’t that (correct answer: wasn’t it), didn’t we, isn’t it, won’t they (correct answer: didn’t they), weren’t they, do you (correct answer: would you) F. Speaking Skills

Students have to play the game ‘Twenty Questions’ and follow the instructions given. The focus is on interrogatives. Sample questions are provided in the book.

G. Information Literacy Skills

You could ask students to work in groups to do the activity. Suggest the maximum time for each presentation and fix a day for the presentations.

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23

Chapter 12: Prepositions A. 1. up 2. in 3. in 4. in, from 5. of 6. against 7. in 8. from 9. for 10. through/to 11. with 12. at 13. for 14. on 15. of, on/upon 16. around/round 17. along, for, to/across 18. towards 19. with 20. of, by B. 1. off 5. beside 9. without 13. through 17. among

2. through 6. about 10. after 14. off 18. without

3. under 7. among 11. under 15. along 19. across

4. since 8. behind 12. behind 16. across 20. after

C. 1. about 5. for 9. from 13. of 17. for

2. for 6. on/upon 10. to 14. to 18. at

3. on 7. in 11. of 15. at 19. of

4. for 8. to 12. for 16. of 20. at

D. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 9’ from the CD or read out the following conversation to the class. The students then have to follow the instructions in the book.



Amit: Can you tell me how to get to the Central Post Office?



Benjy: Do you mean the one near the Clock Tower?



Amit: That’s right.



Benjy: Oh, that’s very simple. Keep walking along this road and go past the bank till you come to the traffic signal. Then walk across this road.



Amit: Can’t I cross the road here?



Benjy: As you can see, there’s no pavement on the opposite side. If you cross now, you will have to walk on the road.



Amit: All right. Where do I go after crossing?



Benjy: After the crossing, take the second road going to the left. You will now be on Deen Dayal Marg. Go straight until you see the children’s hospital on your right. What is it called… oh, yes—

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Max Hospital. From there, take a right turn and keep walking down the street. The Clock Tower is at the end of the street.



Amit: Is the Central Post Office next to it?



Benjy: No, it’s on the other side. You can cut through the roundabout in front of the Clock Tower and you’ll be right in front of the Central Post Office.



Amit: Thanks for the directions. I don’t think I’ll be able to remember all of it, so I’d better take an auto.

Answer: 1. near

2. traffic signal

3. left

4. at 5. at 6. through

E. Speaking Skills

Students have to follow the instructions given in the book. The focus is on the use of appropriate prepositions in the conversation. A sample conversation is provided in the book.

F. 1. adverb 5. preposition 9. adverb

2. preposition 6. preposition 10. preposition

3. preposition 7. adverb

4. adverb 8. preposition

Chapter 13: Conjunctions: Revision A. 1. and 6. or

2. or 7. but

B. 2. since – reason 5. though – contrast 8. but – contrast C. 1. because

2. and

3. but 8. and/yet

4. so/and 9. yet

3. if – condition 6. unless – condition 9. because – reason 3. but

5. yet 10. so

4. while – sequence 7. and – addition 10. until – time

4. before

5. so

6. If

2. If 3. so 4. because D. 1. or 5. yet 6. When 7. Although/Though 8. not only, but also 9. as/although 10. Unless E. Note: Sample answers are provided. Students may use any of the conjunctions of contrast of their choice, depending on the sentence.

1. Although they batted poorly, they won the match.



2. The shopkeeper was selling the goods at a huge discount, yet nobody bought them.

T H – Growing with Grammar-8

25



3. Though Mr. Sharma gets a low salary, he does not want to leave the job.



4. Two policemen ran after the thief, but they could not catch him.



5. Although Rohit doesn’t make a lot of money, he is happy with his life.



6. Although Poonam lost her biology notes, she scored high marks in the paper.



7. The food in this restaurant is excellent, but the service is terrible.



8. I have never been to Darjeeling, though I have family living there.



9. It is a silly comedy, yet people are queuing up to buy tickets.



10. In spite of Romi being a careful driver, she has had a few accidents.

F. Reading Skills

but – contrast , while – sequence, despite – contrast, and – addition, as – reason, yet – contrast, before – sequence, if – condition, and – addition, unless – condition G. Information Literacy Skills

Students have to follow the instructions in the book to prepare a presentation on one of the topics given. Focus on the use of conjunctions of addition and contrast. A sample is given in the book for guidance.

Chapter 14: Complex Sentences Warm Up I went to bed early, Someone took away the large poster of Sachin from my room, Kishore insisted on going for a run, Our team lost the match, She did not tell her family, there was pin-drop silence in the room A. 1. b.

2. e.

B. 1. until 6. as soon as

3. h. 2. in order to 7. though

4. f.

5. a.

3. unless 8. as if

6. c. 4. before 9. because

7. d.

8. g.

5. wherever 10. If

C. Note: Answers may vary. Sample answers are provided.

1. I am not talking to Rani because she made a rude comment about my new dress.



2. On Friday we had dinner at McDonalds as it is my favourite fast food restaurant.

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3. My brother spilt milk on the floor when he was running with a glass of milk in his hand.



4. As I joined the cast of the play only today, I have not participated in a full rehearsal yet.



5. I loved the new comedy, whereas my friends were bored.



6. Since the dress has been worn, we cannot refund the money.



7. The workers cannot leave because they have not finished their work.



8. I make sure all the doors are locked before I go to bed.



9. After he released the handbrake, the car started moving.



10. Even though it may be cold outside, I am not wearing a jacket over my dress.

D. Listening Skills Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 10’ from the CD or read out the following passage to the class. Since the passage is quite lengthy, suggest that the students may work in pairs or groups.





In India, Chinese fishing nets (Cheena vala) are fishing nets that are fixed land installations for fishing. While commonly known as ‘Chinese fishing nets’ in India, the more formal name for such nets is ‘shore operated lift nets’. Huge mechanical contrivances hold out horizontal nets of 20 metres or more across. Each structure is at least 10 metres high and comprises a cantilever with an outstretched net suspended over the sea and large stones suspended from ropes as counterweights at the other end. Each installation is operated by a team of up to six fishermen. While such nets are used throughout coastal southern China and Indochina, in India they are mostly found in the state of Kerala, where they have become a tourist attraction. The name arises because they are unusual in India and different from usual fishing nets used in India.



The system is balanced so that the weight of a man walking along the main beam is sufficient to cause the net to descend into the sea. The net is left for a short time, possibly just a few minutes, before it is raised by pulling on ropes. The catch is usually modest: a few fish and crustaceans which may be sold to passers-by within minutes.



Rocks, each 30 cm or so in diameter, are suspended from ropes of

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27

different lengths. As the net is raised, one-by-one the rocks come to rest on a platform thereby keeping everything in balance.

The Chinese fishing nets have become a very popular tourist attraction, their size and elegant construction is photogenic while the slow rhythm of their operation is hypnotic. In addition, catches can be purchased individually and need be taken only a short distance to a street entrepreneur who will cook it.

Answer: The subordinate clauses are underlined and the subordinating conjunctions are printed in bold in the above text. E. Information Literacy Skills

Students have to follow the instructions in the book.

Chapter 15: Noun Clauses A. 2. We heard that he had died.

3. Why he failed is unknown.



4. We expect that his performance will improve.



5. I know how trustworthy he is.



6. He confessed that he was guilty.



7. Where they were meeting was known to the police.



8. I do not believe what he says.



9. The sailor told us where the wind was blowing from.



10. His friends hoped that he would recover.

B. 2. Mr. Rao expects that he will meet the minister tomorrow.

3. He admitted that he stole the money.



4. I overheard everything that they said.



5. He confessed that he was guilty.



6. We don’t know where they are hiding.



7. I requested that they help me.



8. The police has long suspected that he was involved in smuggling.



9. It is said that he is a multi-millionaire.

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10. You cannot plead that you are ignorant of the law.

C. Note: Sample answers are provided. Students may use different reporting verbs.

2. Could you tell me when the next bus leaves?



3. Do you know where Riya was last night?



4. Tell me what you want for dinner.



5. Can you guess why the woman is smiling?



6. Could you tell me how you solved the problem?



7. Do you know where that boy lives?



8. Do you know what the new teacher’s name is?



9. Can you please tell me where the nearest supermarket is?



10. Tell me whom you were speaking to earlier.

D. 2. I am sure that he is lying to you.

3. She still holds on to the belief that he isn’t dead.



4. I don’t know how many people are coming to the meeting.



5. I presume that you are going with him.



6. We must be grateful that she hasn’t made a complaint.



7. Have you forgotten that Tanya’s coming around tonight?



8. I don’t know if she has passed her exams.



9. She is very angry that he didn’t tell her the truth.



10. That she may be good enough for the job remains doubtful.

E. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 11’ from the CD or read out the following passage to the class. The students then have to complete the sentences in the book using noun clauses.

In Tamil Nadu, during the nine days of Navratri (or Dussehra), there is a festival of dolls known as Bommai Golu. Households are decorated with a variety of dolls that are neatly arranged and placed on steps. The number of steps is usually an odd number—3, 5 or 7—depending on one’s capacity, interest and the number of dolls available. The collection of dolls comprise mostly idols of different gods, depending on one’s faith and upbringing, along with miniature

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29

dolls of birds, animals, people, fruits, vegetables and lots of other everyday objects. What is most interesting is to note the similarities and differences in the collection of dolls across households and families.

This is also an occasion for women and young girls to show off their talents and creativity by drawing elaborate designs on the floor also called rangoli. People visit each other to see the golus displayed in their friends’ houses. When visitors leave, they are given sweets, small gifts and a special dish made of chickpeas.

Answer:

1. Bommai Golu is a unique festival that is celebrated during the nine days of Navratri (or Dusshera).



2. The number of steps on which the dolls are displayed depends on how many dolls are available.



3. Along with dolls of gods and goddesses people display toys that are miniature dolls of birds, animals, people, fruits, vegetables and lots of other everyday objects.



4. The speaker finds it interesting how similar and different the collection of dolls across households and families is.



5. By creating elaborate rangoli, girls show how much talent and creativity they possess.



Speaking Skills



Students should conduct a conversation with their friends on the topic given in the book. The emphasis in speech should lie on the use of noun clauses.

Formative Assessment 3 A. 1. Have 4. Have

2. Does 5. Aren’t

3. Was 6. Is

B. 1. with – of 4. for – to

2. to – with 5. of – from

3. with – in 6. about – into

C. 1. Although Vishnu apologized several times, Aruna wouldn’t speak to him. 30

2. In spite of the rain, we decided to go for a walk. T H – Growing with Grammar-8



3. The children wanted to have ice cream as well as gulab jamun.



4. Ravin is not only intelligent but also hard working.



5. Delhi is an interesting city to visit as long as you overlook the traffic problem.



6. The speaker was both boring and pompous.

D. 1. I saw a dog that was wounded.

2. The girl who is sitting next to Sandip is his sister.



3. I was the first person who reached the spot.



4. Gargi said that she would like to rejoin her former office.



5. We need a house that is large enough for our family.



6. The warden is the person who can solve this problem.

E. 1. I don’t know what kind of a battery this is.

2. I am not sure which chapter we are on.



3. Scientists claim that they will find a cure for cancer.



4. Could you tell me where the bookstore is?



5. Do you remember how long you stayed in Dubai?



6. The grocer claims that he sells only fresh produce.



Life Skills



The students’ response to the situation will be subjective. They may choose more than one of the options provided but must give a reason for each of their choices. You may also encourage them to think of solutions of their own.

Chapter 16: Relative Clauses A. 1. who 6. whose

2. which 7. which/that

3. whose 8. who

4. who 9. which

5. which

B. 1. which is the capital of India – non-defining relative clause

2. that my mother wore on her wedding day – defining relative clause



3. who built the The Taj Mahal in the memory of his wife – non defining relative clause

T H – Growing with Grammar-8

31



4. that bit my neighbour’s son – defining relative clause



5. who has acted in many films – non-defining relative clause



6. in which my grandfather grew up – defining relative clause



7. whose job involves a lot of travelling – non-defining relative clause



8. that we have just purchased – defining relative clause



9. who arrested the notorious smuggler – defining relative clause



10. who is known as the fastest man on Earth – non-defining relative clause

C. 2. This is the chair (that/which) the carpenter repaired last week.

3. She is married to a man who is much older than her.



4. She is the friend who helped me with my homework.



5. This is the swimming pool in which I learnt to swim as a child.



6. That is my neighbour whose wife is a famous actress.



7. The doctor who examined me last Friday was very attentive.



8. The woman whose car had been stolen called the police.



9. The restaurant (which/that) we went to last week was very expensive.



10. The documentary (that/which) I saw on Egypt last night was very interesting.

D. 2. Robert Pattinson, who is an actor, plays Edward Cullen in the Twilight saga.

3. Nandan Nilekani, who was the CEO of Infosys, was appointed as the chairman of the Unique Identification Authority of India in 2009.



4. Arun Yadav, whose son topped the civil service examination, is our canteen supervisor.



5. The Taj Mahal, which was built by Shah Jahan, is the most beautiful building in the world.



6. The iPod Classic, which has now been discontinued, was released in 2002 by Apple./The iPod Classic, which was released in 2002 by Apple, has been discontinued.



7. Our dog, who is a black Labrador, is a good companion and a watchdog.



8. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, which was written by Mark Twain, is one of the best books written for children.

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9. My brother, who is staying with us presently, acts in television shows.



10. You must read the plays of Shakespeare, who is called the Bard of Avon.

E. Reading Skills .. in which 11 countries participated, .. which is held after every four years, ..that were earlier ruled by the British Empire,.. in which all the athletes and officials can converse with each other in English, .. which were hosted by Delhi in 2010, .. which began on 3 October 2010 at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, .. which was the official mascot of the Games.. F. Writing Skills

Students have to follow the instructions in the book to write about a person they admire. A sample is provided in the book for guidance.

G. Information Literacy Skills

Students have to research on one of the topics given in the book and make a presentation.

Chapter 17: Adverbial Clauses A. 1. Since 6. After

2. so that 7. as soon as

3. Although 8. because

4. before 9. so that

5. Though 10. If

B. 1. As it was a long weekend – adverbial clause of reason

2. Though the water was cold – adverbial clause of contrast



3. As soon as the film star appeared – adverbial clause of time



4. .. so that I can see if it needs alteration? – adverbial clause of purpose



5. If facts don’t fit your theory – adverbial clause of condition



6. .. because she doesn’t have a PAN card – adverbial clause of reason



7. .. until someone breaks his record – adverbial clause of time



8. .. provided that you finish your work – adverbial clause of ondition



9. While you wait – adverbial clause of time



10. .. unless you toe the line – adverbial clause of condition

C. Note: Answers may vary. Sample answers are provided. T H – Growing with Grammar-8

33



1. We watched the mynahs while they raised their young in our guava tree.



2. Brinda likes to get up early so that she is not late for work.



3. Sohail donated his suits to charity even though he has worn them for only a year.



4. The traffic was held up because a major accident had occurred on the road.



5. Ice hockey players wear protective clothing so that they don’t get injured.



6. Though whales and dolphins live in the oceans, they are mammals, not fish.



7. If you want to buy an SUV, you will have to pay a higher road tax.



8. After you allow the iron to heat up, you can iron cotton clothes.



9. Although Sneha likes to socialise, her husband dislikes going out and meeting people.



10. You can go for a party at your friend’s place provided that you return by 10 p.m.

D. 1. so that/in order that 2. so that/in order that 3. so that/in order that 4. lest 5. so that/in order that 6. lest 7. so that/in order that 8. so that/in order that 9. lest 11. so that/in order that E. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 12’ from the CD or read out the following passage to the class. Students then have to do as instructed in the book.

A thunderstorm is a storm with lightning and thunder. It is usually accompanied by strong winds, heavy rain and sometimes hail.



Thunderstorms occur only while these three conditions are met: moisture to form clouds and rain; warm air that rises rapidly; and, finally, something that will lift the air such as sea breezes or mountains.



It is estimated that around 1,800 thunderstorms occur across our planet every day. Despite their small size, thunderstorms can be dangerous. This is since thunderstorms produce lightning, which can

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kill livestock and people and damage property. In fact, lightning kills and injures more people each year than hurricanes and tornadoes.

Thunder is caused by lightning. When a lightning bolt travels from the cloud to the ground, it opens up a little hole in the air called a channel. Once the light is gone, the air collapses back into the channel and creates a sound wave that we hear as thunder. The reason we see lightning before we hear thunder is because light travels faster than sound. If you hear the sound of thunder, then lightning will surely follow.



Hail is produced when small water droplets are caught in the updraft of a thunderstorm. These water droplets are lifted higher and higher into the sky unless they freeze into ice. Once they become heavy, they start to fall. Minute hailstones get caught in the updraft again, collect more water and get bigger. As they are lifted up high in the sky, they freeze and fall. This happens over and over again until the hailstone is too heavy, and then it falls to the ground.

Answer: 1. while – when 4. when – 

2. despite –  5. because – 

3. since - because 6. unless – until

F. Speaking Skills

Students have to follow the instructions in the book. A sample is provided in the book for guidance.

G. Writing Skills

Note: Answers will vary. A sample sentence for each kind of adverbial clause is provided.



Adverbial clause of time – Until I hear more news from the company, I won’t tell my family about the job offer.



Adverbial clause of reason – I couldn’t wake up on time because I spent all night reading the latest book by Amitav Ghosh.



Adverbial clause of purpose – Paul walked on tiptoe so that his father didn’t wake up and see him eating up all the ice-cream in the fridge.



Adverbial clause of contrast – While Tiny loved going on walks, she dreaded all other types of exercise.



Adverbial clause of condition – If I don’t start coming in on time, I will soon be asked not to come at all.

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35

Chapter 18: Conditional Sentences A. 1. 

2. Unless you take an umbrella, you’ll get wet.



3. He’ll fail his exam unless he studies.

4.  5. 

6. They won’t let you in unless you wear a tie.

7. 

8. Unless it rains this August, there will be water shortage.



9. In the old days people never travelled unless they had to.



10. You won’t be able to sleep better unless you stop drinking coffee before going to bed.

B. 1. Unless 6. unless C. 1. would call 5. would like 9. would throw

2. if 7. unless

3. unless 8. if

2. might reach 6. would build 10. might agree

D. 1. had left 3. would/could have won 5. wouldn’t have minded 7. had bought 9. had stayed

4. If 9. If

5. if 10. unless

3. could open 7. would not be

4. would clean 8. would help

2. would have been 4. had completed 6. could have skated 8. could have got 10. could have sung

E. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 13’ from the CD or read out the following sentences to the class. The students then have to do as instructed in the book.

1. If I won five million dollars in a lottery, …



2. If we were born in the twenty third century, …



3. If dinosaurs still lived, …



4. If the hippopotamus lived on land, …



5. If the giant panda were not endangered, …

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6.

If you were a computer expert, …



7.

If mobile phones didn’t exist, …



8.

If we had no electricity for a week, …

Answer: (in the correct order) 3, 1, 7, 4, 5, 2, 8, 6 F. Speaking Skills

Students have to follow the instructions in the book to ensure the practical application and understanding of conditional sentences and the different types of conditional clauses.

Chapter 19: Active and Passive Voice A. 1. Students are expected to get good results.

2. An honest person is respected by everyone.



3. Is a new bag required?



4. Why is money wasted by him?



5. Those men are being watched by the policeman.



6. The trees are being cut down.



7. How is the money being arranged by you?



8. This painting has been made by my sister.



9. The application has already been submitted by me.



10. Who has the gold medal been won by in the swimming competition?

B. 1. A 100 runs were scored by him in one innings.

2. I was disturbed by a screeching sound.



3. The venue was not liked by her.



4. When was the information sent by you?



5. Good work was being done by them.



6. The patients were being attended upon by some doctors.



7. Where was the football match being played by them?



8. The criminals had already been arrested by the police.

T H – Growing with Grammar-8

37



9. Such a loss had never been suffered by the exporter.



10. The result had just been declared.

C. 1. The fields will be ploughed with modern technology by the farmers.

2. The victory will be celebrated by the army.



3. Will I be helped by anyone?



4. Who will it be done by?



5. The message will have been received by him by this evening.



6. The lines will already have been learnt by her.



7. The new policy will have been announced by the government.



8. The admissions will have been closed today.

D. 1. This medicine should be taken twice a day.

2. The property must not be damaged.



3. The car should not have been parked on the road by you.



4. A scholarship may be won by her.



5. Can this table be reserved for us?



6. The exhibition could have been held in Kolkata.



7. The roads ought to have been repaired by the municipality.



8. Shouldn’t a farewell present be given to Mrs. Naraini?

E. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 14’ from the CD or read out the following description of an experiment to the class. Students then have to do as instructed in the book.

A large strip of cotton wool is soaked with water.



It is placed at the base of an open container.



A few chana, rajma or moong seeds are then put on the cotton wool.



The container is kept in a place that gets sunlight and air.



The cotton wool is sprinkled with water every day to keep it moist.



After a few days you will notice a thin white shoot emerging from some of the seeds.



This shows that the seeds have started to germinate.

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Answer:

1. You will soak a large strip of cotton wool with water.



2. You will place it at the base of an open container.



3. You will now put a few chana, rajma or moong seeds on the cotton wool.



4. You will keep the contained in a place that gets sunlight and air.



5. You will sprinkle the cotton wool with water every day to keep it moist.

F. Writing Skills

It has been decided by the Delhi Government to follow the example of Hyderabad and Greater Noida for acting against constructions that violate building bylaws. One of the steps being considered by it is hiking the monthly water and power tariff of the owners of such properties.



Provisions in water and electricity tariff as well as property tax have been incorporated by Hyderabad to penalise unsafe constructions by way of high charges. This has helped in ensuring compliance with the safety norms.



Only licensed builders are allowed to carry out construction adhering to building bylaws in Hyderabad. Any violation of the provisions leads to cancellation of the builder’s license.

G. Speaking Skills

Note: Students should follow the instructions in the book. A few sample humorous answers for each situation (at an office, a restaurant, a zoo, etc.) are provided.



At an office –



1. They have not been typed because the electricity has been cut off due to non-payment of bills.



2. Distribution of salaries has been delayed due to lack of funds.



At a restaurant –



1. No, the tables have not yet been cleared of the breakfast dishes.



2. We were not asked to clean them, sir.



At a zoo –



1. The water was thrown by the monkey at the visitors.



2. The tiger has been put on a strict diet as it is gaining weight.

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At a hotel –



1. The beds have been slept in by the guests.



2. I think they have been taken away by the last guests.

Chapter 20: Direct and Indirect Speech A. 1. Sneha said that she was/had been watching a comedy show at night.

2. Varun said that he had seen the accident at the corner of Patel Road.



3. Mitali said that she was going to have a wonderful time in Shillong.



4. The man said that he has apple orchards in Simla and Manali. (the simple present tense does not get converted as this is a statement of fact)



5. The twins said that they loved the presents they got on their birthday.



6. Raghav said that as a young boy he had collected stamps.



7. Mother said that she had sold my old desktop for 3,000 rupees.



8. The doctor said that I would feel much better tomorrow.



9. Parul said that her father had taught her to swim.



10. Mukul said that he had been staying up late to watch the World Cup matches.



11. Loveleen said that she is interested in travelling to other countries. (statement of fact)



12. Grandfather told the doctor that he takes his medicines regularly. (statement of fact)



13. The manager announced that every employee would get a hundred percent bonus.



14. Saina said that she hopes to win a gold medal for her country.



15. Ali shouted that he didn’t believe a word of what I said.

B. 1. Mother told me not to disturb her as she was busy.

2. Gita screamed at me to leave her alone.



3. I pleaded with him/her to listen to me.



4. The judge ordered to call the next witness.



5. The woman requested me to get her a pot of tea and a plate of

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sandwiches.

6. Poorti suggested that we could go swimming.



7. The receptionist told me to take a seat unti she called my name.



8. The teacher ordered me to be quiet and do my own work.



9. The doctor asked me to take a deep breath and hold it.



10. Maya requested me to return a book to the library.

C. 1. Ravi said that they would donate money and food to charity. 2. My friend said that I should get my eyes checked. 3. The zoo worker said that I mustn’t put my hands through the bars. 4. Nina advised me that I ought to call my sister and apologise for my behaviour. 5. My friend said that I needn’t get food from the canteen and that I could share with her/him. 6. Renu said that I could ask for anything and she would be happy to oblige. 7. I said that I couldn’t possibly ask for such a huge favour. 8. Mother said that I must call my grandfather and wish him on his birthday. 9. Hiten said that I mustn’t tell anyone what he had told me.

10. Kajal said that she would like to stay home as her friends might drop in.

D. 1. He asked me if I am a singer. 2. The prince asked the girl if she came from China.

3. The poor man asked if none of us would help him.



4. I asked if he/she/they didn’t know the way home.



5. The judge enquired of the prosecutor if there were any other witnesses.



6. The wife demanded of her husband if he had forgotten his promise.



7. I asked my mother if she went to the market that day.



8. The children asked their father if they would go on a vacation that year.



9. The teacher questioned if anyone knew where Rohan was.



10. Vijay asked his friend if he had checked his mail that day.



11. He asked me if I could solve the problem.



12. My friend asked if we should offer to help them.

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13. The children asked their teacher if they had to do the work right then.



14. I asked my sister if she could sew a button for me.



15. The receptionists asked me if she could have my phone number.

E. 1. He asked me when I intended to make the payment.

2. The little girl asked me which way she should go.



3. The man asked the kind what he had done to deserve so severe a punishment.



4. The manager asked the coach who the best player in the team was.



5. She asked which one her seat was.



6. The police asked the lady where she usually keeps/kept her jewellery.



7. I asked my mother when her flight would arrive in Amsterdam.



8. The Pied Piper asked the mayor what he could do for him.



9. The people asked who he was and what he wanted.



10. The man taking the survey asked me when I was born.



11. The father asked his daughter what she had decided to study in college.



12. My mother asked the guests how much sugar he/she wanted/ would like in his/her coffee.



13. The quizmaster asked who the prime minister of Japan is.



14. I asked my grandmother when she was coming to visit us.



15. My father asked me why I was/had been looking so grumpy.

F. Listening Skills

Play the audio track ‘Listening Skills 15’ from the CD or read out the following conversation to the class. Students then have to do as instructed in the book.

Mila: Did you have a pleasant flight, Nani?



Nani: What did you say?



Rishi: Nani, Mila asked had you a pleasant flight.



Nani: Yes, dear. It was very comfortable.



Rishi: Did they serve breakfast on the flight?

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Nani: Fight! Why would I fight?



Mila: Not fight, Nani. Rishi wants to know whether they served you breakfast on the plane.



Nani: Yes, they served breakfast but we had to pay for it. I just had a cup of tea.



Rishi: Aren’t you feeling hungry?



Nani: Yes, I was angry. They shouldn’t make passengers pay extra for breakfast.



Rishi: I agree, they shouldn’t. But what I asked was are you feeling hungry.



Nani: Yes, I am quite hungry.



Mila: Shall we stop somewhere for a meal? Either at Haldiram or Saravana Bhavan?



Nani: You are taking me to the Rashtrapati Bhavan?



Mila: No, Nani. I asked if we should to stop for a meal at Haldiram or Saravana Bhavan.



Nani: No, dear. I’m tired. I got up at 4.30 in the morning to catch the flight. Let’s go home. Can you make moong-dal khichddi? I’d like to have that for lunch.



Mila: I’m sorry, I didn’t catch what you said.



Rishi: Nani wants to know can you make moong-dal khichddi. Nani, we will make whatever you want to have. We are both good cooks.

Answer:

• Mila asked had you a pleasant flight. – Mila asked if you had a pleasant flight.



• But what I asked was are you feeling hungry. – But what I asked was if you are feeling hungry.



• I asked if we should to stop for a meal… – I asked if we should stop for a meal…



• Nani wants to know can you make moong-dal khichddi. – Nani wants to know if you can make moong-dal khichddi.

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G. Speaking Skills Students have to follow the instructions given. They may refer to the sample provided in the book for guidance.

Chapter 21: Punctuation A. 1. We will be driving through Assam, Tripura and Meghalaya. 2. The ball bounced down the stairs, out the door and across the street. 3. He tells himself every day that the day was miserable, that he should have stayed in bed, that tomorrow will be better. 4. The man stopped, looked around and darted for cover. 5. I have only seen his pictures in magazines, on television and in posters. 6. The only way to get rich overnight is to win a lottery, rob a bank or have a wish granted by a fairy godmother. 7. In the airport canteen, we noticed the dirty tables, the overworked waiters and the exorbitant price of the food. 8. Singing, clapping their hands and dancing, the children followed the Pied Piper. 9. Shakespeare wrote different types of plays including comedies, tragedies and historical. 10. Stair climbing, stationary cycling and treadmill are some aerobic exercises everyone can do. B. 1. My address is 19A, Chittaranjan Park, 2nd Floor, New Delhi 110019. 2. I would like to introduce you to Dr. Nita Hazarika, Principal, Regional College of Nursing. 3. Having written the letter, I was not sure whether to post it. 4. Oddly enough, my mother and mother-in-law have the same first name. 5. The hot, muggy, stifling weather has continued for many days. 6. The institute offers courses in advertising, marketing, fashion designing, and public relations. 7. In the heat of the summer afternoon, our air conditioner stopped working. 44

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8. ‘Don’t be scared, it was just a bad dream,’ the mother consoled the child. 9. The new manager is not very experienced, nor is he fully qualified. 10. Rupam, who is your husband’s niece, is the black sheep of the family. C. 1. A new boys’ hostel is under construction. 2. The grocer’s shop is round the corner. 3. Men’s perfume usually has a stronger smell than women’s. 4. The soldiers’ helmets are of the same colour. 5. Goa’s beaches are very popular with tourists. 6. Ladies’ handbags are sold here. 7. This New Year’s Eve I am going to stay home. 8. The carpenter’s tools are in the box. 9. We have two weeks’ holiday in September. 10. It is Myra’s last year as secretary of the club. D. 1. I’m 2.  3. Let’s 4. eleven o’clock 5.  6.  7. ma’am 8. What’s, Why’re 9. Someone’s 10.  E. 1. ‘Hello!’ said Divya to the new girl. 2. ‘You look tired,’ said Mother. 3. ‘Can I help you?’ the receptionist asked. 4. ‘I can’t bear the pain,’ the woman screamed. 5. ‘Come here,’ said Grandma. ‘I want to see how much you have grown.’ 6. ‘Is that my phone?’ asked Daniel. ‘I thought I’d lost it.’ 7. ‘Run!’ shouted Shubham. ‘The bull is after us.’ 8. ‘I know what I want for my birthday,’ said Tina, ‘a brand new car.’ 9. ‘There is someone asking for you,’ I told my father. ‘Shall I tell him you are out?’ 10. ‘What an amazing view!’ the woman said. ‘One could never get tired of it.’ F. ‘Are you tired, Heidi?’ asked her companion. ‘No, but I am hot,’ answered the child. ‘We shall soon get to the top now. You must walk bravely on a little longer and take good long steps, and in another hour we shall be there,’ said Dete, in an encouraging voice. They were now joined by a kind-looking woman, who walked on ahead with Dete. T H – Growing with Grammar-8

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‘Where are you off to with the child?’ asked the woman who had just joined the party. ‘I suppose it is the child your sister left?’



‘Yes,’ answered Dete. ‘I am taking her up to Uncle where she must stay.’

Formative Assessment 4 A. 1. whose 4. whom/who

2. which 5. which

3. who 6. that/which

B. 1. until the strike is called off – adverbial clause of time

2. If Samuel came – adverbial clause of condition



3. Since we are running late – adverbial clause of reason



4. so that you don’t get tired while hiking – adverbial clause of purpose



5. because they have been outdoors all day – adverbial clause of reason



6. In spite of strict poaching laws – adverbial clause of contrast

C. 1. if

2. if

3. unless

4. unless

5. If

6. Unless

D. 1. Can the meal be sent to my room?

2. The championship may not be won by our team.



3. Seatbelts must be worn by all passengers.



4. My mail will be forward to my new address (by them).



5. The consignment could not be dispatched (by us) yesterday.



6. A complaint should be lodged (by us).

E. 1. She asked if I had ever been to Kerela.

2. She asked me where I had got my tennis gear.



3. She asked me if I am interested in adventure sports. (tense won’t change as it is factual)



4. She asked me how to get to Moments Mall.



5. She enquired how long it took to drive from Delhi to Agra.



6. She asked me if I would like to audition for a role in the play.

Life Skills The students’ response to the situation will be subjective. They may choose more than one of the options provided but must give a reason for each of their choices. You may also encourage them to think of solutions of their own. 46

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Summative Assessment 2 A. 1. do you? 4. don’t they?

2. isn’t it? 5. are we?

3. won’t she?

B. 1. about

2. at

3. from

4. with 5. until

C. Note: Answers may vary. Sample answers are given.

1. Smoking as well as drinking are injurious to health.



2. Many passengers were killed when the train derailed.



3. Though Suman is hard-working, she lacks experience.



4. The workers will agree to do night shift if you pay double their salary.



5. He employed two assistants as he wanted to service more orders.

D. 1. I know of my friend’s honesty.

2. The table with detailed inlay work is made of marble.



3. Many people believe in God’s existence.



4. He lost all hope on being deceived by his own family.



5. Charu bought her grandfather’s house.

E. 1. I have proof that he cheated in the exams.

2. I don’t believe that he has burnt all the old photographs.



3. The shopkeeper has promised that he will pay me Rs. 8,000 for my old phone.



4. The police say that the driver was drunk.



5. I swear that I would never lie to you.

F. Note: There may be slight variations in the students’ answers.

1. who is a famous artist



2. who is the author of the Harry Potter series



3. which is a branch of science



4. which is a popular e-commerce website



5. who wrote ‘Romeo and Juliet’

G. 1. Since/As

2. because

3. As/since

4. as/since

5. because

H. 1. If you go to bed late..

2. .. you would be able to fly.

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3. .. we would have visited him.



4. If you had told us the truth, we would have helped you./ If you told us the truth, we could help you.



5. ..it would make a loud noise.

I. 1. Those awful days will never be forgotten (by us).

2. What subject is taught by Mrs. Sharma?



3. Many ships have been destroyed by the storm.



4. I cannot believe that the money was stolen by him.



5. All the rooms had been cleaned (by us) before the guests arrived.

J. 1. He requested me to speak a little louder.

2. My friend asked if I would go to his/her place for dinner.



3. The mother asked if the child/children must always make so much noise.



4. I asked a passer-by if he/she could tell me the time.



5. The waiter asked the guest if he/she would like a cup of coffee.

Chapter 22: Vocabulary Warm Up There is a simile in each line of the poem, so there are ten in number. A. 2. The nervousness of the candidate and a cat in a room full of rocking chairs.

3. The sweetness of her smile and of sugar.



4. The smoothness of the face and a baby’s skin.



5. The bounciness of the two-year-old cousin and an excited bunny.



6. The stickiness of the glue and syrup on fingers.



7. The strength of Mr. Harish and a champion weightlifter.



8. The heat in the room and of the Sun.

B. Note: Answers will vary. A couple of sample answers are provided. 48

2. Vinita was as sleepy as a bear who had forgotten to hibernate. T H – Growing with Grammar-8



3. The assignment was as difficult as a cryptic crossword.



4. Our kitchen was messy like a child’s cupboard.

C. Students have to use their own imagination to make similies of their own. Answers will vary. D. 1. Keep the change

2. made an effort



3. get ready

4. keep a secret



5. making progress

6. got a shock



7. take a break

8. take a chance

E. Note: Answers will vary. Some examples are given below:

make – friends, promises, a mess



take – a risk, a decision, an order, notes



keep – a promise, calm, a diary



get – permission, even, the impression

F. 1. tongue 5. law

2. bud 6. crook

3. ice 7. tails

4. foot 8. weight

G. 1. backseat driver

2. got up on the wrong side of the bed



3. once in a blue moon

4. at the drop of a hat



5. read between the lines

6. driving them up the wall



7. an arm and a leg

8. pulling my leg



9. burst your bubble

10. beating around the bush

H. 1. A poor workman always blames his tools.

2. A drowning man will clutch at straws.



3. Charity begins at home.



4. A leopard cannot change its spots.



5. Barking dogs seldom bite.



6. A rolling stone gathers no moss.



7. First come, first served.



8. Every cloud has a silver lining.



9. Absence makes the heart grow fonder.



10. The more, the merrier.

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I. 1. Well, you’re entitled to your opinion, but I think you’re absolutely wrong. 2. I wish I had seen your new trainers. You’re really lucky to have them 3. You’re not spelling your words correctly 4. Lighten up! What happened to your sense of humour 5. Your actions have affected your friendship with her, haven’t they 6. You’re responsible for your own actions. J. 1. whose 4. Who’s

2. who’s 5. Whose

3. whose, Who’s 6. who’s

K. 1. too, to 4. too, to

2. to, too, too 5. to, to

3. too, to 6. too, to

Chapter 23: Comprehension A Horrific Earthquake A. 1. 30 September 1993 4. (over) a year

2. 6.1 3. Latur District 5. existing cracks in the Koyna Dam

B. 1. According to unofficial estimates the number of deaths was over 30,000 but official sources put the loss of life at 10,000 people.

2. Latur District was worst affected by the earthquake and eighty percent of the houses in Killari were reduced to rubble.



3. The government claimed that the villagers had refused to leave their homes when in spite of its efforts to move them to safer areas.



4. Note: Answers will vary. One option is given.

The government could have forcibly evacuated villagers from their homes and taken them to safer places. 5. People realised that Koyna Dam was not responsible for the tremors since shocks were felt in several states stretching from Kerala to Madhya Pradesh and even in Nepal. C. 1. baseless

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2. hearth

3. rubble

4. substantially

5. Virtually

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Helen Keller – My Life A. 1. before the age of two years. 3. sign language.

2. deaf and blind. 4. writer, lecturer and activist.

B. 1. Anne Sullivan had to use sign language and make the signs on Helen’s hand so that the little girl could understand what was being communicated. With hearing children, Anne Sullivan could have simply talked to them.

2. Anne Sullivan provided Helen words and expressions when she was unable to express herself so that Helen would pick up the idioms and be able to communicate more effectively.



3. Helen believed that hearing children picked up everyday expressions by repetition and imitation, that is hearing them used constantly by others and using them in their own conversation.



4. The hearing child has a constant stimulus to develop language skills since it is exposed to continuous conversation. This helps the child converse and interact spontaneously with others.



5.

Helen says that it is difficult for a blind or a deaf person to learn to converse naturally. It is harder for a person who is both blind and deaf for she/he can neither hear the tone of voice nor see the expression on the speaker’s face, both of which lend great significance to what is being said.

C. Note: Answers will vary. Some key points are given.

(1) A hearing impaired child can only communicate through gestures or sign language. (2) Finer nuances of meaning are difficult to convey by such means. (3) They cannot judge the tone of the speaker’s voice. (4) They can only converse with those people who know sign language.

D. 1. intercourse 4. amenities

2. stimulates 5. augmented

3. spontaneous 6. gamut

The Return of Red Chief by O. Henry A. 1. The kidnappers warned the boy’s father not to attempt to find him and demanded a ransom of fifteen hundred dollars for releasing the boy.

2. They threatened the boy’s father that if he did not comply with their demands he would never see his son again.

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3. The kidnappers described themselves as ‘Desperate Men’ to convey the impression that they were men without hope and would take any risks to attain what they desired.



4. From Johnny’s father’s reply to the kidnappers’ note we can guess that the boy was awfully mischievous and disliked by all his neighbours.



5. The reply from Red Chief’s father is an example of irony in that we expect the parents of a kidnapped child to be frightened and anxious and willing to do anything to ensure their child’s safe return. Instead, the father coolly proposes to the kidnappers that they pay him to take the boy back from them.

B. Note: Answers will vary. Key points for a sample answer are given. (1) The kidnappers shocked to get such a reply. (2) They are not fools to be taken in by the father’s attempt to turn tables on them. (3) They are raising the ransom demand. (4) Failure to comply with the new demand would ensure the boy’s death. C. 1. to bring something back to a former position

2. alone; without other people



3. betrayal of trust



4. to agree to a proposal



5. to believe, to think

The Hairy Hands of Dartmoor A. which crosses Dartmoor, towards a bridge, to jump off, swerved, such force B. 1. The young officer was travelling to visit some people.

2. A queer look came into the young man’s face because he had had a very strange experience.



3. The young man said that his friend would find it hard to believe his story because it was so weird and was supernatural.



4. Note: Answers will vary. One option is provided.



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It appears that something supernatural was at work. Both the doctor and the young officer suffered accidentsat almost the same spot. Moreover, there were no rational explanations for these accidents.

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C. 1. turn sharply

2. throw off

3. weird

4. purpose

The Fog A. cough, burning, confused, giants, brilliance/brightness, distant B. 1. The fog caused the poet to choke as it was probably caused by smoke and pollution.

2. By ‘blind my ken’ the poet means his senses were confused.



3. Possible answer: The passerby knew the area well and could find his way in spite of the fog.



4. The poet realised the man who was helping him was blind when he heard the blind man’s staff tapping on the stones on the road.

C. Note: Answers will vary. Some key points are given.

(1) Initially the poet might have felt embarrassed. (2) Then he understands the significance of a blind man leading a sighted person. (3) The poet realises that a person who appears helpless or requires help from others, can in fact help others. (4) She/He understands the meaning of the saying ‘God helps those who help themselves’.

Chapter 24: Composition Writing a News Report A. Instruct the students to use the hints provided in the grammar book to complete the provided report. Encourage them to use their own ideas to add more details. B. Instruct students to use the format and style of writing a news report given in the book. Suggest to them that they think of the answers to the questions who, what , where, when, why and how (listed in the book) to note down points to develop the reports. They should also think of interesting headlines for the reports. Letter to the Editor Remind the students about the format of a letter to the editor. Sample guidelines are given below. But encourage students to think of ideas of their own. 1. Road rage is increasing daily – every day newspapers carry horrifying T H – Growing with Grammar-8

53

stories about such cases – people are beaten up, even shot – cite a recent case – what is the reason for some people having such a short fuse – suggest some solution/s for checking road rage 2. Some students think ragging is a part of boarding school/college culture – it is nothing but bullying under a different name – young students are traumatized by these acts – in several cases it has resulted in death – senior students should welcome newcomers a– not bully and threaten them – ragging is banned officially – high time this was strictly implemented across the country. 3. Traffic jams have become a part of one’s daily commute – occur during any time of the day – cause many lost working hours – result in other losses as well – missed flights, late for exams and interviews, cannot get patient to the hospital, etc. – high time this problem was solved – offer some solutions. Presenting an Argument Instruct students to make use of the phrases and expressions provided in the book in their essays. Encourage students to use their own ideas to develop the essays. Since these are arguments, remind students that they may write for or against the topic. For example, for the second topic some students may argue that city life is better than village life while others may hold a contrary opinion and defend village life as superior. In either case, they have to make a choice to support or challenge the topic. Writing an Autobiography Encourage students to use their own ideas to develop these essays. For the second topic, they should draw upon their observations and imagination. Remind the students to refer to the guidelines for planning an autobiographical essay given in the book. Writing a Speech Remind students that they are writing a speech and not a piece for a debate. Hence, they need to speak in support of the topic. Nevertheless, they should mention contrary opinions and express any doubts or limitations they think are necessary. Sample guidelines are given below. Encourage students to use their own ideas as well to develop the pieces of writing. 54

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1. Children deserve the same rights (liberty, equality, freedom of speech, etc.) as grown-ups – but some limitations need to be imposed – this is because they are still children – they need to be protected and guided – hence rights have to be balanced by checks. 2. People are exposed to a constant barrage of images and information – all of them are intended to attract the buyer – advertisements convince us that the product is the best choice – people are easily swayed– overlook the misinformation– people need to be more wary – check the information from reliable sources –make an informed choice. 3. No doubt students should have a say in what they study – but only after a certain age – it is important that children get a rounded education till a certain age – a class 5 student can’t stop studying mathematics because she/he finds it difficult – when students have acquired a basic education, they should have the right to choose what they study. 4. Recycling is important – otherwise Earth will be reduced to a garbage dump – many people refuse to recycle and reuse – they can’t be bothered – it is below their dignity – it is not their problem – to counter such negative outlook, the government must impose compulsory recycling –after some time it will become a habit – this will ultimately benefit all of humanity. 5. Looks have become more important than substance – people are more focused on outward appearances – wealth, good looks, fashion, expensive gadgets, etc. are all what people seem to desire – however, character (your qualities) should matter more than one’s personality (the persona you present to the world) – time to rethink one’s priorities and choices.

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8

G

ve

Ref. 79853-TH