Thaunkanhe_286 December-january Issue

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bF &), NofM (, Yo+NofM @*^ g];+= !!$! ly+nf÷kf]x]nf lj=;+= @)&& kf}if ;Nnfxsf/ k|f= do\h' k|]dzflGt t'nfw/ ;~rfns ;ldlt efh' k'ik lrqsf/ efh' ltns k|sfz efh' gjLg lrqsf/ efh' k'ik/Tg t'nfw/ ;Dkfbs tyf k|sfzs do\h' ?lSdgL >]i7 sfo{sfl/0fL ;Dkfbs efh' k"0f{ tfd|fsf/ do\h' k|]dlx/f t'nfw/ Joj:yfks lk+ efh' s'Gbg k|;fb >]i7 efh' ;'/]Gb| eQm >]i7 sDKo'6/ 6fOk–n]cfp6 cfgGb /fpt yfs"÷d'b|s l8«djS;{ lk|G6;{ sf7df8f}F, (*%!))%!&&

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afvF RjdL efh' s]zjnfn sdf{rfo{ g]=;+= !)$% ly+nf -lj=;+= !(*! kf}if+ hGd h'oflbODx Yjosn+ xf:o jfv+ j bfz{lgs jfv+ gfk+ efjgfTds, ljrf/ k|wfg k|of]ujfbL jfv+t Rjof lbODx ;dfnf]rs :j= dfwjnfn sdf{rfo{of bfh' g+ vM . YjosM g]=;+= !!)( u'n + f -lj=;+= @)$^ efb|_ lb+jut h"u' vM .

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3

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The Red Poppy

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n'O;] Uns

n'O;] Uns -!($#_

The great thing is not having a mind. Feelings: oh, I have those; they govern me. I have a lord in heaven called the sun, and open for him, showing him the fire of my own heart, fire like his presence. What could such glory be if not a heart? Oh my brothers and sisters, were you like me once, long ago, before you were human? Did you permit yourselves to open once, who would never open again? Because in truth I am speaking now the way you do. I speak because I am shattered.

t;s+ RjGxofMu' dg b'u'ln+ dv', j]bgftÙ cxf]Û Yj nf lhs] b' y'ls+ lhtM sho] ofgf tMu' b' . lhs] :ju{o\ Rj+Dx BM b' ;'B{M gf+Dx, cn] lh rsg] j}u' x] nflu, yMu' g'uMof ld AaofM lh+ j}t, ld j Gxog] b'y]+ x] . y'ln RjGXofMu' xgfagf 5' h'O g'uM dv' ;f< cxf] lh tMs]x]+lk+ l5lk+g+ lhy]+ x] vM nf 5Sj, Gxfkf Gxfkf l5ld;+ dg" hGd sfo] GxoM 5+ yMt rsg] laof nf < 5SjM ;f+, u'Dx uan]+ rsgL dv' xfg+ 5fo\wfM;f ;To lh+ NxfgfRjgf cfM 5+ NxfMy]+ t'+ . lh+ Gjjfgf 5fo\wfM;f lh s'rfs'rf bnfjg. v

efo\ lxnf M k'ik t'nfw/ yf}+sGx] no\kf}

5

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lht zflGt db' /fd]Zj/ e'h" lhtM zflGt db' 5fo\wfM;f, lhs] wg b', tg b', dg db' go] Tjg]u' oSj b', ?lr db' u'Jn]+ u'Jn]+ lhs] oSj ?lr b' t/ kfrg zlQm 5lt+x] db' ..!.

lh tMld h'O oM, t/, u'0fL h'O doM ..#.. cs]+, lhtM zflGt db' ==========

lhtM sfo]u' dg b', ljo]u' dg db' nf]e b', jblgot b', ;Gt'li6 db' lhs] ljrf/ b', a'l4 j ljj]s db' sd{ j wd{ b', wfld{stf db' ..@.. cs]+, lhtM zflGt db' ========== lhs] bof s]g]u' kxM b', dfof db' lh+ s+'lvg] ;M ;/fxgf ofo] d;M lhs] 3d08 j cxd\ b', ;+od db'

lhs] lzIff b', bLIff db' ;Tsf/ sfo] oM, ;+:sf/ db' lhs] ;DkGgtf b' j}ej g+ b' nf;f b', zflGt db', GxoM db' ..$.. cs]+, lht zflGt db' ========== lhs] zlQm b', elQm db' 3[0ff b', k|]/0ff ljo]u' kxM db' lhtM ;Tsf/ sfo]u' dg b' ;+:sf/ lkAjo]u' dg db' ..%.. ps]+, lhtM zflGt db' ==========

s[lif k|wfg b]z g]kfn Dxl;s]u' gfk Sjft'u' :jfk' b'u' Gx'hfsL r',+ xfdf], rfs' lnk'lnk' h'Os eRrf tfxfsu' cfsf/of hfsLr'+ Ujf/f b'go rfs'lt tof bo\su] ' cfly{s ;d[l4of k|lts of]dwL k'GxL lkbgLu' g]jfn Hofk' lbj;of k|bz{g ;'yf+ nfs GXofsf+t+' jgf snf– ;+:s[lt efiff ;fflxTo j j}1flgs Vono\ g+ xf};nf ljOsy+of Hof Rjhfo\df wsf æd~r'sf :d[lt cIfo sf]ifÆ kfv]F ;snl;t !!$! of]dwL k'GxL n;tfo\ le+tg' f b]5gfu' h'n . n'ldg s'df/ >]i7 -;+of]hs_

æd~r'sf :d[lt cIfo sf]ifÆ 6

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

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oMclh 5+ b'Mv+ g'uM Vjo]s] dt] . ofsn+ jfsfg+ g'uM :jo]s] dt] ..

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dg" hLjg x] ;'v b'Mvof hu Û Yj n'd+sf ug+ g'uM Ajo]s] dt] ..

clh 5o\of :jfk" ddtfof d'v" Û a'4 of 1fg clt{ nf]d+s] dt] ..

drf ldrf cfkfn+of …oMclh g'uMÚ Û Yj;M SjfMg+ k'sfM g'uM SjMo]s] dt] ..

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

7

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sMlg a~hf o1/Tg wfVjf Olk+ . Olk+ wofu'of pnf vM . ;u'g j ;/nf . Yo+ dWo+ GoobFo\ Rjg] w'+s'lk+ . lgDxltk' . Yjx] bF abF hs bt . ;'yo\ ;'yo\ rflxn]u' ofgfRj+u' . vo\tnf Olk+ oSj Njo\ b'lk+ dv' . vM, 5tf Njo\ wfM;f ;Lbo]s lgDxl;ofs]+ b' . bofjn . u'ls+ofgf lrlsT;s efh'+ Oldt ;'yo\ rflxn]u' ;fx'lt lapu' vM . Yjx]sy+ TjdkmLs';] Old rflxn]u' ofgfRjg . yf}+ erf lnaft . Old rflxn]t lkxf+j+u' . nfl5O ;tso\ lgrfM j KorfM wMrft ufs t'nfRjg] w'+sn . GXofgf Rjg] w'+sn . no\ j+j+ ;u'gof dgo\ vF a'n . jof dg+ dg+ wfn . j+ dg dg+ wfo]u' oft– …sf:j, Yjx]sf lhtM dof]u' . Yj ld;foft ofsg+ g' . lnafO wsf wofRj+;f+ yMu' x] tfno\=== . vo\tnf sf]/f]gf dxfdf/L h'ofRj+u' Ono\ …ns\8fpgÚ h'ofRj+u' O{ . cy] g+ O{ oSj tfxfsfo]s GXofo] w'+s'u'ln+ erf 5jf;'sf hs lapu' O{ . cfM;Lbo]s x] lgrM j KorfM wMrft ;tso\ vg]bo]sjn . :jo] x] Od"rft v+g] bMjy]+ . y'lk+ wMrft ufSs GXofgf j Ajfgf Rj+g . AjfOu' h'ofRjg . cn] nFo\ j+j+ ;u'g+ yM ltl/oft 8

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

tfMtofM wfn– ælnaft ls yy] oSj l3lnlnln AjfFo\ h'Ou'ln+ x] sf dof]u' bM . ofsg+ jg]dfM . g', wfM;f+ 5 ld;fof g'uMno\ dlbO . cfM :j, yy] Gog]dhLs=== k+uM h'Os ;M Gogf jg]dfn===Æ æ5'ofo\ n] ;'yo\ Hof ;gf Rj+Rj+ x] erf lnaftsf . ldh+to]y]+ cMk's jg]b'nf lhld===Æ cg+;+ Gxfo\s+ h'of jof ltl/of ;M lnHjn . ;u'g+ ;Mdtn . j+ dg+ v+sn . y'lsO vF tgfo+ls . ltl/Dx ;'+s RjlgDx dv' . em+ ssrfy]+ vfOs xfnfxO . pls;+ nfl5O l3lnlnln to\u' ;Mn+ Tjk" . vF Nxfgfof lrtf;' db' . lgDx+ ;'+s t'+ jgfRjg . emGg} wf}l5lt hfo]sf Olk+ yMu' 5]F :jof lnxf+jofRjg . 5]F Yolgy]+ Rj+sf 7]nfuf8L 5uMno\ ålr+s sMlg tof xORj+u' . ldOt xORj+u' ;/nf+ ofg+ x] vg jfo\ v+sn . j vg]j+ ;/nfof knfM erf rLknfM h'n . jof ldvf sMlg åFo\ ltKo+jg . jof Do]+ ug+ ;jfMof Do] k]Kk'+jg . 7]nfuf8L ;/nfof 5]F Yolgy]+ Rj+sf lbt . 7]nfuf8L y'jfof Dx't' rfn . j+ tfkfs+x] wfo]u' oft . j+ wfn– æHjHjnkf ;fx'lg . ===l5 vgf lbgf . af+nfMu' sMlg xofu' b' . Gofgf lbOu' dv'nf xh'/ <===

æ5fo\n] yg x] lbOdfMu' <===Æ æl5 Ono\ Aono\ lhu' sMlg Gofgf lbODx h'oflg, xh'/===Æ lem+v'k'mltO 5k'mlt ;fofM lem+GXo]k'mlt h'n wOy]+ yMu' 5]F Gofs;+ xof 7]nfuf8L lbs'u'ln+ b+u h'n . j+ Gj+jft . wfn– æSoft';]Rj+u' sMlg vMnf cfd <===Æ æxh'/=== sMlgnf bSj x] Soft';] Rj+u' . bSj x] b'?sMlg x] ltlg . :jOlb;F sMlg Vjnf jfpF;]jfpF;] x] Rj+lg . 5lwg+ Dxf;' dh'lg===Æ sMlg j~hf g+ vF ;o]sn . æ5lwofu'ln+ ljOu'n] <Æ ;/nf+ sMlg åFo NxfMGXofsn . j+ Gog . æ5lwof gLGoftsf hs, xh'/Æ ægLGofgsf <=== lys]s wfnsf===Æ ælys] dh' xh'/=== sMlg :jOlb;Fn] . u'ln Soft';]Rj+u' b'?sMlg===Æ æps'Gx' u'lnrf+ db'lg . x'+sg ldoftMu' sMlg . lws+ gLtsf+ Gofgfu'===Æ æj l5ko] h'O w'+sn h'Olg, xh'/=== Yjnf b'?sMlg x] ltlg . xh'/oft :jof laOsf . u'ln sof bL <===Æ – sMlg a~hf g+ vF ;o]sn . æ5lwof gLtsf+ nfM;f sfo]sf . lhpnf <===Æ 7]nfuf8L y'jfM erf csdso\ h'n . dgo\ vF a'Osn . ;'yof O{ ltlg . GXoYoflg . …algÚ -bsn] Gxfkf+ dLu' cj:yf_ ofo\ vlgu' af+nfu' nIf0f vM . j+ wfn– æxh'/ UjwL sofbL <===Æ ægLtsf+ laOu' vM;f lem+GofwL sfo]sf===Æ ;/nf+ cg;+ wfn .

cgt'+ bgf Oldu' vF GogfRj+Dx ;/nfof efMt ;u'gof VjfM wfM;f kfpFVjfM vg] bofRjg . jof dg+ wORjg . Sof km;fbDx ld;f wfM;f .=== nFo\ x] bgf sMlg Gofo]dfu'nf < cn] cgyfo\ x] ps'Gx'of vF 5emfM g+ n'dgf jn, jof . x'+=== k'm6yfyo\ Rjgf dsM 5uMno\ s'F x] Xjf+ Xjf+ jo]s sMlg 5'ofRj+Dx 5Dx vFolgrf . Gofl; j+j+ jof lnSs Yog]j+ cg x] ‰jftfFx bg . sMlg Gofo]t sMlg g+ dsno\ ldO 5'Os]lan . KowL sMlg Goft . yMDx+ s'ljoftMu' jfo\u rfo]sf plsO x] :jyg . sf:j, 5'oftu' sMlg=== j=== j g+ yMDx s'ljoftu' afo\uo\ .=== Yj hs+ NjMnf < af+nf nf wOu'lg ;fx' to\;+ .=== ;fx' dv';f+ ;fx'of snfMt+ .=== yy] sMlg Gofgf afouo\ :jy+u' v+;f ;'gf+ 5' dwfOu' vO . yMu' OHHt wOu' g+ nf ;Ls]dfMlg .=== t=== t/ ;/nfof Yj vFo\ 5lKt Wofgj+u' vg]db' . jof NxfM 7]nfuf8L b'u' sMlg åFo\ hs jfnf jfnf ;gf Rjg . :jo] 5Dx drfDx lvrfof Nxft+ Not'Noof 5'+ lDxtf Rj+Dx y]+ . ;/nfof Yj kxM ;u'goft :jo] x] dof]ofjn . ;u'gof g'uMno\ vfOs lbpjg . j tfpljs bgfRjg] dk'mt . j+ 5'+ wfo]t ;g . t/ jof Dx't'+ ;M lkHjo] dk'mt . j lths afn . jgf 5f]t . sMlg Noo] l;wo]sf ;/nf+ w]af k'n]t yM ldh+oft :jt . ;u'g cg dbo] w'+sn . jof Dx't' ;M lkdjo]s 5sM ;g . sMlg sofsy+ ;/nf :jf/fd/f+ yMu' 5]F b'ltg . sMlg a~hf ‰jftf h'of lkofRjg . g]=;+= !!$) cgfnf

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

9

afv+

lgd{nf k|f=8f= jh|/fh zfSo

lgd{nfof efMt c/a j+Dx GofbF bo]w'+sn 5'+ va/ db' . blgnf db'nf 5'+ wfo] k'mu' cj:yf dGt . cg jgf jMlk+s] Gogf :jof d:o' wfOu' . 5'+ vj/ 5jof xMu' x] dv' DXofo\ 5Dx b' . GofbF ltlg b'Dx TjMtf j+u' . Wojf sdo\ ofgf xo] wsfM j+u' . Yj bo]s] j bo]s], Yj ofo] j ofo] wsfM vFNxfgf j+Dx lgd{nfoft j/fj/ n'dgL Dxu;o\ts+ j/fj/ vgL t/ cfMnf lg/f; x] h'O w'+sn . yM5]F jgfM Rj+jg]t g+ ttfM h'of yMx] :jDx :jDx d:t b' . bfh'of jf+nfs Hofb'u' dv' . df+jf}+lk+ dbo]w'+sn . 5sM lgsM jgfRj+u' b' . t/ cg x] Rjg]u' ns; wfM;f db' . cy] h'ofM efMtofu' 5]Fo\ x] Rjg]dfMu' jfWotf . efMtof 5]Fo\ ;;Mca' a'/f h'Ow'+sn dfh' db'u' lgbFltlg bt . lshfet 5Dx b' . Nofo\Dx h'Ow'+sn @$÷@% bF b'Dx . ljjfx ofo] dk'mlgDx sn]ho\ Ajg] l;wo]w'+sn . sDKo"t/of tflnd sofM ps]Hof+ elt elt cfDbfgL ofgfRj+u' b' . 5]+ RjgLjno\ dfMu' Hof ofO . k'm;{b btls l6eL :jO . ca' a'/f h"u'ln+ dfSj Hof ofODx j x] h'n . cy];f+ wd{ n'd+sf s"nof OHht n'd+sfM u'jn]+ u'jn]+ efMt n'd+sf jofRj+u' vM . lg? Dxofo\of hfFr l;wo]sfM kfh'lk+yfo\ ttflk+gfk lgGx' KoGx' Rjg] wsfM jg . 5Gx' lGxlR5, rlR5 jf jMjno\ a'/f ;;Mca' GXoyfs Bg]w'+sn . 10

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

lgd{nf :jt hfMu' rf]to\, lnpg], Rj+u' Bfo\ l;yo\nfs Rj+u' Sjyfo\ BgLu' . Sjo\ r's . hj+ vj+ 5]F b' . dg"t Rj+ db' . lshfet+ 5Dx dft+ Bfo\ lnpg] Rj+u' Sjyfo\ BgLu' . r's Bfo\ ;'g;fg . GXoMg] ;ts nfMu'ln+ ;M tfo\ b' . 5Gx' axlg+ ts g+ ‰of/f/f+ jf jof x] Rjg . pv'Gx' axgL a'/fDx Bg] w'+sfM lshfet ttfMh'ofu' Sjyfo\ :jf/fSs b'xf+jn . ttfMh'ofs] ldvf nf Gxfkf x] jgfRj+u' vM . cy] g+ 5'+ dof;] RjgfRj+u' . lgd{nf g+ :o" lshfetof ldvf yMs] jgfRj+u' . co\g+ 5'+ dh"gL dfMu' 5]+of Hof vF oft vFNxft l;wn . 5Gx' jf jM jno\ lshfet cfsfemfsf+ ttfMh'of Sjyfo\ b'xf+jn . lg? kfh'lk+yfo\ x] ltlg . ;;Mcj' Bg] w'+sn . 5'+ vF Gog]dfn wsfM Sjyfo\ b'xfFjn . lgd{nf yf/fGx'n . 5fo\ 5' Gog]dfn wf/] wfn . kmo\t' dwfM;f+ lgd{nf RjgfRj+u' ;f]kmfo\ kmo\t" jg . sGxo\ Go+;f Ho"lg y'Olt wfn+ g+ lshfet bgf dj;]+ emg ;lts Rj+jg . lgd{nfof cy] ofo] yy] ofo] dGt . hj/hl:t+ lkt5j]og+ dk'm . 5u" d'nfOhf g+ yMDx+ gs] Tj+s] ofgfM tMlwsM ofgftODx . lshfet+ wof o+sn, cj'of u'ly kfM GXoMg+ Yo+sM jn . 5' 5' ofo] dfnL uy] uy] ofo] dfnL wf wf+ emg emg ;lts Rj+ jn . ;lts Rj+jno\ lgd{nf+ ldh+ofu' uGw tfn . ld;fto\t ldh+ofu' uGw x] oOu' x] h'n . j uGw xfg+ bfh'Dx]l;u' x]

uGwy]+ tfn . VjfM g+ bfh'Dx]l;u' y]+ x] . eltrf tfxfsM ;F ukto\Yo+s toftMu' b' lx/f]t y]+ . bfh'Dx l;s]+ tMlwsM . bfh'Dx eltrf jfuMrf vg]b' . Dx x[i6k'i6 . NxfM t'lt tMk' 5ftL ;F b' . ;M gfO;] Rj+ bfh'ofu' y]+ . sfrfs :jo]jno\ efMt+Dx y]+ RjgLu' . UjMsM dl5 e'no\ h'O+w'+sn . lshfet+ vFNxfNxf+ ltOhs NxfM ttfMh'of NxftL to] o+sn . 5' ofgfu' DjfMdb'u' ;g]dt] wsfM NxfM lnrLsn . t/ ldh+of hf]z lkxf jo]w'+sn . ttfMh'of ;no\ bd db'u'ln+ j emg ;'/o\ h'n . lgd{nf+ ldvf Sj5's] w'+sn . lshfetof Dx 5Dx+ SjfgfM tMTofM h'ofM l;y]+ 5fgf jo]w'+sn . j åx+ y]+ lt+ Gx'Oy]+ Gx'ofM cfsfemfsf+ ttfMh'oft NxjgfM vftfo\ Ujf/f t'Osn . ttfMh' j]xf]z y]+ h'n ofo] k'mu' 5'+ dv' . lg? kfh' lk+yfo\ Rjgf Rj+tn] lshfet j ttfMh'of /f; lnnf rno\ h'h'+ jg . lgDx]l;of+ oMu' h'n . dfMu' h'n . lg? lnxf+ j;]+ln cy] ;g] dlhn 5s lgsM No"g] jgf RjgL jno\ GXoMg] x] HofvF rno\ h'n . ;;Mjf} g+ Oldu' rfnjfn l;ofjn . z+sf hs dv' jf+nfs x] l;n Û a'/f+ ljrfM oft . Nofo\dDx sfo\oft ljjfx ofgf jLdfMu' vM . cfM ljafx ofgf dlj;]+ x] duft Û Nof;] Nofo\Dxt cy] ;gLu'nf :jfefljs x] vM . t/ ;dfho\ yMu' OHht g+ b' . Kjfyo\ bt wfM;f 5' ofo]u' < cfM tSs lkg]oflk+;+ d:o"lg . yM yM b'g] x] ltlg . lkg]oflk+ gfk+ :ogLu' l;s]+ yM yMlk+ laro\ h"u' 7Ls x] vM . wGo jro\ h'n . cfM dlhn wsfM sfo\oft ljafx ofo]u' jf/]+ e+drf ofs] 5sM Gogf :jo] wsfM ;M;M jf}g+ lgd{nf ofs] Gog . sfo\oft ljjfx ofo]dfMu' . edrf :jo]dfn dv'nf wsfM Gog . lgd{nf em;+u jg a'/f+ l;n w}u' dgo\ jg . jofg+ Kjfyo\ bt

wfM;f 5'ofo]u' h'O w}u' dtL n'ofM Dx y'// vft . OHht b'u' s'n . DxfM wof+ hLu' dv' . ;;M jf}g+ Ono\ af+nfMu' ljrfM oft wsfM dtL tofM ;;M jfF}oft t'?Gt x] Ho"gL ofo]dfn vM wfn . ttfMh'of tMafMof Dxofo\ lshfetoft r"nfsf laxfM ofgflan . ljlwjt ?k+ sfo\oft ljjfx ofgfaL v+u'ln+ j OHht aro\ h"u'ln+ a'/f no\tfn, lgd{nf g+ no\tfn . lshfetg+ no\tfn . Ej+o\ l;wofM Gx"Dx edrf b'xf+ j;]+ln 5]Fo\ GXofOk'u' ns; bt . bsno\ v'l; h"Dx a'/fDx ca' . 5v]+ afls+ blgu' Hof sfo\oft ljjfx ofo] dflgu' Hof Sjrfn . d]u' ;Defljt sn+s t/o\ h'n . t/ ;'vof gfk gfk+ b'Mv jn . 5fo\wfM;f lgd{nf cg 5]+ Rjg] Hof dl5gf jn . lshfetgfkofu' uf9f :jfk" bo] w'+s"u' h'of rfo]s+ drfo]s+ xfpefp h'of RjgLu' dg"to\;+ rfo]sLu' h'ofRjg . xfg+ cofMu' vFo\ dg"to\ cKjM rf;f] b' . lgd{nfof bsl;ao\ cKjM w+bf Oldu' :jfk" Gx"Dx eDrf+ l;n wfo]j 5]Fo\ jjf{b . xfg+ Dxofo\ Nof;] h'ofjMDx j g+ l;n wfM;f emg x] dlhn . cy] h'ofM lgd{nf DXofo\oft AjgfM 5]F lkxf+jg . tfkfs k"j{kfv] afx|la;] Yo+s x] Rj+ jg . afx|la;] :jlgun+ lkg] h";f+ tLg rf/ 306f j;+ yf}+sGXo\ Yo+ . afx|lj;] l;Gw'kfNrf]s Pl/ofof hS;g y]+ x] h'n . cg+ yLyL yf;o\ jg] Ho" . d'Vo tftf] kfgL h'sfM ltAatof s'tL Yo+sfM Nxf;f jg]u' nFk' . yfo\ yf;o\ k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ :j]ou' b' . ug j:tL ug+ lxdfn kj{tdfnf vg]b' . kj{t+ lkxf+ jMu' lgd{n nM kfMn"u' yf;+ j]tf]/+ ;M lksof GXofOu' v'l; b' . ug yLyL ;d'bfoof al:t yfo\ yf;o\ b' . sfls{o\u' uf+ b' . a|Dx't g+ b' . tfdf+uto\u' nf yfo\ x] h'n . cg /0faxfb'/ zfxof kfno\ yf}+sGx] no\kf}

11

:jlgun+ lktgf 5jMlk g]jfMto\u' al:t g+ yfo\ yf;o\ b' . cy] h'ofM afx|la;] 5u" s]Gb| y]+ h'n . cg ko{6st oSj jgLu' h'ofRjg . cg 5u" tMw+u' uf+of ahfM x] h'Ow'+sn . lgd{nf afx|la;] jgfM cg 5Dx a'/LDx tfdf+ugLof 5]Fo\ Rj+ jg . :jSjM b'u' 5]Fof 5]nL 6]jn 5u"lgu" tofM Rof Tj+s]u' Hof GXofsn . yM b'g]Rj+u' 5u" Sjyfo\ Rjg . lg?oft j}uno\ e't" ofgf tMyfo\ 5s" lrs"u' Sjyfo\ tn . lgBf b'u' 5]F, 5]F y'jfM GXoMg] ;tskfv] :jMu' dft+ Sjyfo\ BgLu' . dft+of 5s" Sjyf a'/Lof sfo\ sf7df8f}+no\ 6\ofS;L rno\ ofgfRj+Dx 8«fOe/ u'jn]+ u'jn]+ 5]F jOjno\ RjgLu' . j 8«fOe/+ cg ko{6st g+ xOu' Û lgd{nf afx|la;] Yo+jno\ 5Dx dg" ko{6sto\u' x] Hof ofODx+ v+u' h'ofRjg . jof ldvf jg . j ldh+ If]qL j ;dLlg+kfv]+ b'Dx y] Rj+ ;Fo\ VjfMjM . j+ lgd{nfoft ;'? ;'?O Ujfxfln oft . dfMu' go]u' g+ xofljn . yfo\of g+ aGbf]a:t ofgfljn . 8«fOe/ j jof :jfk" b'u' h'n . j ldh+ ko{6sto\t ld;f ldno\ ofODx h'ofRjg lgd{nfoft g+ j+ cHofMu' Hofo\ km;o\ oft Û ko{6sto\;+ 5rf Bg]oft ufSj Wojf laof jgLu' h'ofRjgL lgd{nfoft g+ Wojf dfnfRj+u' Û ko{6s jfx]s d]lk+ Wojf b'lk+ g]kfnLt g+ rfMXo' jOu' cn] Olk+ gfkg+ Bg]u' h'ofjn . j ldh+ g+ u'jn]+ u'jn]+ B+ jOu' . d'nfOhf ofgf Dxfo\ wfo] dk'mt . u'an] hj/hl:t x] ofOu' . Dx+ dk'm wfM;f+ dHo" . lgd{nfof bsl;j] wGbf jof DXofo\ lg?+ ;L wsfM . jof yMu' cj:yf vgf t;s+ b'Mv tfOu' . yM :og . wd{/Iff ofo] dk'mt . eL/+ SaMAjfM jg . yfdo\ ofgf+ yfdo\ ofo] dk'mt . efMtofu' lskfM 5kfM Hjgfj+u' :jof 12

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

lbsf+ lbs] dkmo]s VjofRjgLu' . 5v]+nf lgd{nf v';L SjAjgf ;L dfl:t jOu' . cn] DXofo\ n'd+;] jO . yMnf :og+ :og DXofo\oft GXofy] ofgfM g+ /Iff ofo] wsfM sNkgf ofO . ldh+of ldvf DXofo\Dx lg?ofs] g+ j+u' h'ofRjg . DXofo\Dxgfk vFNxfo]t :jOano\ lgd{nf 5\no\ ofgfM lg?oft Sjyfo\ 5jO . ldh+ g+ tfso\ ofgfRjg w}u' lgd{nf+ :o" . lgd{nfof j dg"gfk t+ lkxf+ jo]w'+sn . j ldh+ v+Sj klt t+ lkxf+ jOu' a9o\ h'n . 5Gx' axlg+ j ldh+ ltNn wfo]s confM TjgfM lg?of No" No" Sjyfo\ jg]t ;g . lgd{nf g+ k;M ltgfM No" No" jg . j ldh+ g+ lg?oft HjgfM ha/hl:t ofo]t ;g . lgd{nf+ t+d+ ldvf+ dvg . lg? Uofgf oM df+ wsfM xfn . lgd{nf s'g] jgfM r'lk HjgfM j ldh+of 5\ooF f lnpg] jofM xf]; x] dbo]s 5sn+ jn lksofM kfn . lgy' kfMano\ j Sjbn 5oFg+ lx afM an . xfg+ 5y' Dxo\ kfMjno\ j+ k|f0f TjMtn . lgd{nf oft+ofu' ;Ldf gf3o\ h'Ow's + n ' . s'g] jgfM d]u' r'lk sof xof 5o+ Wog, NxfM t'lt g+ Wog . df+ DXofo\ ldno\ h'ofM hfls af]/fo\ :jyg lvkt+ lrt . cn] ;fnf o+sf afx| jh] tL v';L Sjkmft r'Osf o+sn . df+DXofo\ lgDx Sjyf ;kmf ofgf GXoM jo]sn . sGXo\s'Gx' j 36gf dg"t;]+ l;n . k'ln;t g+ jn . df+ DXofo\ lgDx]l;t+ HjgfM yfgfo\ o+sn . yfgfo\ Go+ jno\ lgd{nf+ DXofo\oft jro\ ofo]t ofgfu' vM wfn . lnkf cbfnt+ km};nf ofgf lgd{nfoft hGd s}b ;hfoF ljn ‰of/vfgfo\ to] o+sn . lg?oft kfh'lk+;+ 5'to\ ofgfM vMyfo\ Ho" yfo\ ljof5\jt . lgd{nfof yM :o+u' tMw+u' b'Mvof vF vM;f DXofo\oft /Iff ofo] k'mu' bsl;ao\ tMw+u' uf}/j tfo]sn .

jfv+

lxnfj+u' of]hgf Zofd cfzf yf}+ ef}rf+ 5'+ nfgfM dgn . zfob 5'+of nf gg+ j}t jfSs jn nf < jf j+ 5'F nfo] dk'mt < ef}rf+ xTof lx+;f ofo]u' TjMtn nf < lhu' dgo\ 5'F j ef}lrof vF j}Rj+u' Ono\ lhld lt/Ldo\h'+ æsf l5+ l;nnf < ef}rf+ 5'F ug nfgf gO < j+ nf sM;L j}lk+ av'+to\t wsfM nfgfM g+of Rjg . av'+ uno\ g+ Gx"u' kk"rf Ajo]sfM lkxfF jo]To+lk+ av'+rft j rv'+rft :ofgfM gofRjg .Æ zfGtL lk|o av'+oft yy] :ofgfljn wfM;f uy] emLu' yfo\ zflGt If]q h'Okm} < sf Û dlhn cfM 5'F :ofo]u' of]hgfoft ef}rf x] :ofo]u' of]hgf x] lxOs]dfn dHo"nf < ±±

t gfk+ oSj x] ;QL :jfk" b' Û /d]zoft hfuL/ gs]t j+ x] l;kmfl/; ofMu' vM . Ajg] dk'mlk+ kmtfxfM vF Nxfo]t k'mlk+, nKk+ 5Kk+ ofo]k'mlk+, ;Mlk+ l6Kkg 6fkg d+qLt jof kf;flk+ . /f;g 7]Ssf, nF bo]s]u' 7]Ssf, h+un km8fgL 7]Ssf, yLyL of]hgfof 7]s]bf/ pd]z . yf}+ ;sl;of pd]z ;/, ;sl;ofF 7]s]bf/ ;fx]a ;sl;of ;fx'hL . AjgfM l8u|L ofDx d'l:sn+ DjfgfRjg Ajg] dk'mDx 7]s]bf/, ;fx'hL, g]tf h'of Rjgf g+ ;sl;of Hjhnkf kmofRjg .

cMvt+ G≈ofMu' O{M Olk+ lgDx kf;f . Olk+ lgDx bfh', lshf /d]z j pd]z . lgDx bfh' lshfof ;+tfg . /d]z GXofjn]+ :s"no\ hs dv' P;=Pn=;L= g+ k|yd >]0fL . pd]z h'n+ km]n -cg'tL0f{_ /d]z+ Ajgf jj+ df:t/ kf; oft . pd]z h'n+ pv] y'v] ukm;km kmf+ok'mO+ . vMu'+ dv'u'+ vFNxfo]t RoflDkog h'h'+ jg . /d]z d'l:sn+ 5u" gf=;'= ;/xof hfuL/ n'Osn . go] Tjg]t j d:to\t Aj+s]t wf}wf}=== . pd]zoft ;sl;of+ æHjhnkfÆ j ufdo\of x] æzfgÆ h'ofljn . j /fhlgtL vFo\, ;Qfwf/L yf}+sGx] no\kf}

13

RjvF

sf]/f]gf efo\/;, df:s j sfg"g

:jtGqtf, xs clwsf/ j wd{lrQ sf]/f]gf efo\/;, df:s j sfg"g ;g\ @)!( of l8;]Da/ dlxgf; rLgof j'xfg zx/+ z'? h"u' sf]/f]gf efo/;of dxfdf/L ljZj Go+s Aofgf Rj+u' b' . yf}+ tSsof b'g] laZjo\ #&,&)$,!%# l;t Njr+ so]w'+sn wfM;f !,)&(,)@( Dx dg"t l;Ow'+sn . ljZj AofSs+ lGxlR5of b'g] @^),))) :jof cKjM dg"t Yj efo\/;+of Njr+ sofRj+u' b';f ;fnfvfnf 5Gx'of b'g] $,)*( Dx dg"t l;gfRj+u' b' . (WHO, 13 October, 2020)

yf}+ tSs Yj Njo\ nfo]s]u' jf;M n'Os] dkm'lg wfM;f Yj Njr+ dso]s]t vf]k jf O{Gh]S;g g+ n'Os] dkm'lg . Yj Njr+ yM aro\ h'Ot j d]klGt Njo\ dk'+s]t ofo]dfMu' pkfo wsfM laZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g j ;Dk"0f{ ljZjof :jf:Yo j}1flgs ;d'bfo\ g+ 5KjfMDx't' ofgfM :j+u" ;Nnfxt laofRj+u' b' . != a/f]a/ ;fa'F yfgfM NxfM l;n]u' jf ls6f0f' :ofOu' jf;M (alcohol based sanitizer) n+ NxfM AjAj:ofo]u' . @= 5]F g+ lkg] lkxfF jg]ano\ Gxfo j Dx't' Tjk'Os gsfa (Mask) tof h'Ou' . #= sd ;] sd # lkm6 lg;]+ ^ lkm6 tSs tfkfSs Rjg]u' . x"nd'n dofo]u' . ljz]if1t;]+ y'ln ;Nnfx Ao"u'ln+ yM hgtfof sNof0f j ;'/Iffof lglDt+ x/]s b]zof ;/sf/+ yM 14

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

8f= lbJo/Tg s+;fsf/

hgtfoft lgb]{zg j ug+ ug+ b]zo\ nf sfg"g x], bo]sn . lanfot ;/sf/+ nf Yj cS6f]a/ dlxgfo\ efo/;\of bf]>f] nx/ jMu' cj:yfoft Wofgo\ tofM Yj ;fjwfgL kfngf dofOlkGt a+ k'OsLu' sfg"g x] gsltlg 3f]if0ff oft . :j+u" ;Nnfxt dWo] Gxfkf+u' Hof wofu' dg"t;] 5]Fo\ 5]Fo\ ofo]dfMu' Hof h'n . Yj Hof ofgfRj+u' b' . db', ;'gf+ g+ vgLu' dv't . pls+ Yj ;Nnfxoft u'ln ts kfngf ofgfRj+u' b', ;'gf+ g+ l;Os] . kmOu' Hof dv't . bf]>f j t]>f Hof ;'gf+ ofgfRj+u' b', cn] ;'gf+ dofM wofu' 5Dx]l;g+ d]Dxl;t :jofM wfo] kmOu', Hof h'n . yy] h"ul' n+ sfg"g nfu' ofo]t 5u" lnw+;f bt . y'ln Hof ofo]t j ofs]t hgtfto\t 5'F yfs'u' Hof nf dvo\ dfMu' vM, t/ yf}+ ;+;f/of cg]s b]zo\ Yj ljifooft sofM 5fo\ la/f]w < cfGbf]ng h'ofRjg < cn], Yj x] ljifooft sofM 5fo\ /fhgLltts+ h'ofRjg < afFnfs b'jfnf :jo]dfMu' b' . yg, df:sof ljifo\ofths sofM ljZn]if0f ofo]Togf . df:s tof h'o]t ug b]zo\ uHofMu' Aoa:yfof 3f]if0ff h'n < hgtfof ;'/Iff j sNof0fof lglDt dfMu' Aoa:yf ofo]u' j ofs]u' bfloTj jofu' ;/sf/ofu' vM . a'vF Gog]ano\ k|To]s b]zof ;/sf/+ yM

hgtfof lxt j sNof0foft larfM ofgf x] yMu' b]z j hgtfoft Njo]s lgb]z { g, cn] dfn wfM;f sfg"g tSs+, bo]sfRj+u' vg]b' . t/, uy]ls rG›dfofs] bfu b', ;"oo{ fs] nf /fk b', cy] x] x/]s HofvFof afFnfMu' j afFdnfMu' kIf lgtf+ x] b}u' nf h' x] h'n . cf yg 5'+ 5'+ laz]if b]zo\ Yj df:sofaf/] cgof ;/sf/+ 5' uy] lgb]z { g j sfg"g bo]sn, cn] cgof hgtf+ 5' uy] ofgfRjg wofu'af/] 5SjM rrf{ ofo] . GxfKkf+ Plzofof 5'+ b]zt :jo], cn] o"/f]k, cg+ lnkf cd]l/sfofaf/] rrf{ ofo] . Plzof rLgM sf]/f]gf–!( efo\/; bSsno\ Gxfkf+ rLgof j'xfg zx/o\ lkxfFjMu' h'n . cgof ;/sf/+ zx/ 5u'ln+ x] k"/fsf k"/f x] ns8fpg oft . sG6«ofS6 6«]l;Ë Psbd s8f gS;f+ nfu' oft . dg"to\t 5]F g+ lkxfF x] jo] dt] wsfM ph+ lan . dg"to\ go]Tjg] dfMu' xn+Hjn+t 5]Fo\ 5]Fo\ x] to] o+sflan . cn] dxfdf/L erf Dxf] h'Ow'+sfM 5]F g+ lkxfF jo]t 5'6 nf lan, t/ df:s tofM h'Ot j x'nd"n dofo]t ;Nnfx lan . rLgof d]d]u' yf;o\ g+ dfMsy+ s8f gS;f+ ns8fpg oft . dg"t ;sl;g+ df:s tofM hs x] lkxfF h'Ou' oft . ;'gf+ g+ plsof la/f]w dofM . d]d]u' b]zof dg"t;]+ larfM oft ls rLgo\ sDo'lgi6 ;/sf/ h"u'ln+ cgof dg"t ;/sf/of la/f]w ofo] UofM, pls+ hs ;sl;g+ ;/sf/ofu' lgb]{zgoft kfngf oft vM . ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gof wfk"sy+ Yj efo\/;oft sM3fo]t ;kmn b]ztdWo] rLgof gf+ Rj5fo\ axM h" . blIf0f sf]l/ofM rLg w'+sfM bf]>f] bsno\ Gxfkf+ j bsno\ cKjM Yj efo/;of dxfdf/L

vg]b'u' b]z blIf0f sf]l/of vM . bsno\ Gxfkf+ sG6«ofS6 6«]l;Ë Psbd ;kmn ofMu' b]z g+ Yj x] vM . ;/sf/of lgb]{zgsy+ ygof hgtft;]+ Psbd OdfGbf/Lk"j{s df:s tofM hs lkxfF h'o]u' oft . Yj efo\/;\oft sM3fo] km'u' b]z wsfM ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g j ;+;f/of cGo b]z t;]+ blIf0f sf]l/ofoft tfl/km oft . ef/tM ef/t b]zo\ g+ b]ze/ 5Sjn x] ns8fpg oft . nfvf}+ nfv dg"t larNnL h'n, cn] nhufM db'lk dg"t yMyMu' ufdo\ 5]Fo\ lnxfFjg . xhf/f} lsnf]ld6/ Gofl;jgfM 5]Fo\ lnxfFjFlk+ dg"to\u'af/] a'vF tSs+ lkxfFjn . t/ ef/t b]zo\ ug+ g+ df:sof la/f]wo\ h'n'; k|bz{g h"u' va/ db'lg . g]kfnM emLu' b]z g]kfno\ g+ df:s tof h' wsfM ;/sf/+ lgb]{zg laoftMu' b' . emLyfo\ g+ df:s to]u'of lj/f]w ;'of+ db' . yy] x] blIf0f Plzofof b]zt, a+unfb]z, kfls:tfg, >LnÍf, e"6fg cflb ug+ g+ b]zo\ Yj df:s tof h'OdfM wsf ;/sf/+ Ao"u' ;Nnfx lgb]{zgoft sofM la/f]w h"u' db' . d]d]u' dxfb]zof dg"t;]+ 5' wofRjg wfM;f w"of k|b'if0fof x'lg+ ofgfM blIf0f Plzofof dg"t;]+ Gxfkf+lg;]+ x] df:s to]u' afgL b' . pls+ ofgfM ygof dg"to\t 5' km/s k/] dh"u' vM . o"/f]k j cd]/LsfM sf]/f]gf efo\/;\ dxfdf/L z'? h'O;fy+ x] ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g+ wfn ls dg"t;]+ xfl5sfM tO ano, ttM;s+ xfnfM vFNxfO{ ano, d';' tO ano\ Dx't'F j Gxf;+ lkxfF jOu' clt z'Id O{=, lGx j v} of km'ltkfv]+ Yj efo/;\ 5Dx dg"kfv]+ d]Dx]l;t ;/o\ h'Ou' vM . yy] :ki6 gS;f+ wof to]s to]s+ x] o"/f]k j cd]l/sf yf}+sGx] no\kf}

15

dxfb]z Go+s+ x] df:s tofln efo/; ;/o\ h'Ou' oft sM3fo] km} wsfM ax; h'n . yLyL laåfg t jof yL yL larfMofgf h'n . u'Dx]l;g sM3fo] km} wfn, u'Dx]l;g sM3fo] km} dv' wfn . 5' Yj pln Njfsj'sMu' (complicated) ljifo vM nf < 5Dx kfsM g+ x] :o"u' vF vM ls ug+ lkxfF jOu' XjM b', j XjM KjfM ltgflan ls lkxfF jOdv' wsfM . y'ln vF l;Os]u' laifo wofu' tMw+u' /s]6 ;fOG;nf dv'lg, vMnf < t/, Yj lgu'ln+ dxfb]zo\ b'g] df:s tn ls efo\/; ;/o\ h'Ou' oft sM3fo] km} cyjf km}dv' wsfM 5KjfM Dx't' wfo] dkm't . cftSs g+ wfo] km'u' dv'lg . cd]l/sfof ;/sf/+ nf df:s tof h' wsfM yf}+tSs g+ wfo] dkm'lg . cd]l/sfof u'u'+ u'u'+ /fHoo\ nf df:s to]u'of la/f]w h'n'; x] jn . cy] x] o"/f]kof u'u'+ u'u'+ zx/o\ g+ cy] x] la/f]w h'n'; x] jn . y'lsof sf/0f 5' h'O y]+ < :jtGqtf, xs clwsf/ j wd{lrQ dfgj ;Eotfof lasf;M k|flrg j dWo sfno\ ;dfho\ cdgrog j ;b\efj sfod ofgfM /fHo Joj:yf ;+rfng ofo]t dlHhdufMu' ljifo; hs P]g sfg"g j lgod bo]s]u' j lGxoflGxy+ Jojxf/o\ h'ofRjgLu' j ofo]dfMu' laifot wd{zf:qof lnw+;fo\ /Lltl/jfh j rng t bo]sf plsoft kfngf ofsfM ;dfho\ ;dGjo j ;b\efj sfod ofo]u' ofgf j+u' vg] b' . yy] ;dfhof ;b:oto\ by'O{ ofo]dfMu' lGx+lGx+of Joaxf/o\ sd ;] sdof Ps?ktf j ;fdGh:otf xo]u' nfuL Yj clgjfo{ h" . Yj x] lnkf jgfM k/Dk/f -rng j /Llt/Ljfh_ h'ofjg . y'lsof cf}lrTo Wjfy'Os] laOt 16

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

cg]s JofVof j cf:yfof aMsofM BM -le+Dx_ j b}To -dleFDx_ cflbof kl/sNkgf ofgftn cn] ;dfhof ;b:oto\t laZjf; j cf:yf Aan+sn . Yj x] rng, /Llt/Ljfh j ljZjf; -g}lts lzIff_ of cEof;of kmn:j?k sfnfGt/] jgf pu' ;dfhof 5u" yMu' x] cnu klxrfg lasf; h'n . laZjof Oltxf;o\ x/]s dfgj ;Eotfof lasf;qmd Yj x] vM . rfx] j ld> -OlhK6_ ;Eotf h'o]df, rfx] rLgof ;Eotf jf ef/taif{of ;Eotf . rfx] j u|Ls jf /f]dg ;Eotfoft x] sofM :jn wfM;f cg g+ pu' Ono\ /fhsfhof d'Vo cfwf/zLnf wofu' wd{zf:qof lny+;fo\ g}lts lzIff j /Lltl/jfhoft kfngf ofsfM ;dfhoft cdgr}g laofM ;b\efj Ajn+sf /fHo zf;g ofgfj+u' :ki6 b' . ;fd'lxs rng j /Lltl/jfh x] ;femf lgod jf P]g sfg"g ;/x h'ofRrg . dfgj ;Eotfof kl/efiff vM, dg"to\u' cfzof ;+ul7t Joj:yf, Civilization is the organization of human intent. dg" dg"of by'O ;b\efj j ;fdGh:otf cano\ hs bO u'ano\ ;fd"lxs lxt j sNof0foft AolQmut lxtoft :jof cKjM dxTj laO . JolQmut lxt wofu' :jfyL{kgf vM, ug yMu' lxt jf nfe bSsno\ dxTjk"0f{ h'O, d]lk+ jf ;dfhof lxt No"g] nfO . Wofg laof :jn wfM;f y'lk+ bSj ;Eotf t cnu cnu h";f+ g+ y'lk+ by'O 5u" ;dfgtf b' . j vM, x/]s ;Eotfof b'g] ;dfhof dg"t;]+ cg]s j cgluGtL b]jL b]jtfk|lt cf:yf, ljZjf; j k'hf ofo]u' rng b' . uy] lxGb' ;dfho\ t]QL; sf]l6 -cyf{t\ ## s/f]8_ b]jL b]jtfof kl/sNkgf ofgf tMu' b', cy] x] ld>, lrlgof, u|Ls j /f]dg ;Eotfo\ b'g] Rj+lk+

dg"t;]+ g+ yMyMu' sy+ cg]s b]jL b]joft dfgo\ ofo]u' ofgfj+u' b' . ox"lb wd{ j lnkf y'lsof srfdrf t, lqmlZrog wd{ j O{:nfd wd{o\ hs 5Dx hs BMoft laZjf;÷cf:yf to]u' rng z'? h"u' vM . la1fgof k|efjM lj1fgof vf]h klZrdf laZjo\ z'? h'n wfM;f 1fgof vf]h k"jL{ laZjo\ h'n wfo]u' unt h'Odv' . Yj ;sl;g+ :o"u' x] h'n . lj1fgof vf]h GXofMj+ln;] wd{zf:qof lnw+;fo\ bo]sf tMu' rng, laZjf; j /Lltl/jfhof cy{ j dxTj wdfwd sdhf]/ h'h'+ jg . rno h'ofRj+u' rng, ljZjf; j /Llt/Ljfht lj1fgof Nofv+ ldno dh" wsfM dg"t;]+ l;ofjn . cn] 5u" O{ jn, wd{zf:qof lnw+;fo /fHo Joj:yf rno\ ofo]u' wofu' cg'lrt wsfM hgtft xfnfxn . cn] /fHo j wd{oft :jfsf to]dlhn, wd{oft cnu to]dfn wsfM /fHo Joj:yf cnu Nofv+ rno\ ofo]u' qmd ;+;f/o\ z'? h'ofjn . /fHo j wd{ cnu h'O;fy plsofu' lnRjM 5' jn wfo]j Gxfkf+lg;]+ ofgf jofRj+u' rng j /Llt/Ljfh, u'u' ls ;femf lgod j P]g sfg"g ;/x ;dfho\ bSjl;g+ kfngf ofgf jofRj+u' vM, cfM kfngf ofo]DjfMn . y'lsof yf;o\ cfM ;/sf/+ lgod j P]g sfg"g bo]s] dfnfjn . x/]s ljifono\ wdfwd sfg"g bo]sfxn . yf}+ ;+;f/o\ bSsno\ cKjM sfg"g b'u' b]z wofu' ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf vM . o"/f]lkonL b]zo\ x] cd]l/sfo\ lt lgod sfg"g db' . PlzofnL b]zo\ bSsno\ sd hs lgod sfg"g t b' . y'lsoft wd{k|lt cf:yfof dfqfof Nofv+ :jn wfM;f tKo+s y'lk+ lgtflh of by'O inverse proportion of :jfk" emL;+ v+s] km' .

y'lk+ :j+u" dxfb]ztdWo] PlzofnL hgtfto]s] . -yMyMu'_ wd{k|lt cf:yf cftSs g+ bSsn] cKkf] blg wfM;f bSsn] sd cd]l/sfo\ Rj+lk+ dg"to\s] emL;+ vs] km'. o"/f]lkonL dg"to\s] wd{k|lt cf:yf cd]l/ls dg"to\s] :jofM cKjM cftSs g+ blg . olb SjyLs b'jfnf :jn wfM;f emL;+ Yj afFnfs x] v+s] km' . wd{of k|efjM x/]s wd{of d"n p2]Zo j glthf vM, ;dfho\ dg"to\ by'O ;dfg laZjf;, ;dfg cf:yf j ;dfg ;dem gL:jg]u' . yy] h'n ls ;dfg larf/ h'O, cn] ;dfg Aoaxf/ AjnlgO . yy] h'n ls 5Dx j d]Dxof by'O ;befj bO, Aoaxf/ h'O, snx h'Odv', ;dfho\ ;'v zflGt h'O, b]zo\ cdgr}g :yfkgf h'O . x/]s dg", cn] ;dfh j b]z, ;[hgzLn Hofo\ nuo\ h'OkmO, cn] ;fd'lxs?k+ ;sn] gfKk+ pGgltdf dfu{o\ GxofMjg] kmO . y'lsof lglDt bo]s"u' rng, /Llt/Ljfh j lgodoft wd{of ;+1f laoftn . cn], wd{ j kfkof kl/efiff laofM cHofu' rng, /Llt/Ljfh j lgod kfngf doft wfM;f kfk nfO wsfM dg"to\t Ogfd j b08 ;hfoF\of km};nf Bj+ ofO wsfM BMoft clGtd Gofoflwz bo]sftn . cn] æToMÆ j ædToMÆ wofu' lgod bo]sftn . æToM j dToMÆ wofu' vFUjMt j æHo" j dHo"Æ vFUjMtof by'O kfMu' 5' b' wsfM Wjfy'Osf tn . æHo" j dHo"Æ of lgod AolQmut j kfl/jf/Ls txno\ nfu' h'Ou' lgod h'n, wfM;f æToM j dToMÆ of lgod ;dfh j b]z jf laZjof txno\ nfu' h'Ou' lgod h'n . ylsoft x] wd{zf:qof gf+ laof lan . Yj x] l;4fGt HjgfM Gxfkf Gxfkfof yf}+sGx] no\kf}

17

;dfh GXofMjgfln yMu' cnu Dx;Lsf lasf; -yk"_ oft, u'lsoft yMyMu' ;Eotfof gf+ lan . :jtGqtf, j xs clwsf/M ha Gxfkfofu' rng, /Llt/Ljfh j lgodto\t lj1fgof Nofv+ lnw+;fxLg j cGwljZjf; -sf+ kTofM_ hs vM wsf wofxn, wd{ j /fHo cnu ofgfxn, ta Gxfkf wd{ dfkm{t h'of jofRj+u' ;dfh Aoa:yfkgof HofvFt bSjM /fHo ;/sf/+ x] ofo]dfn . ;dfho\ ;b\efj j ;fdGh:otf gL:jg]t j b]zo\ cdgr}g sfod ofo]t /fHo ;/sf/+ P]g sfg"g lgod cflb bso]s]t clt cfjZos j afWo h'Ou' nf h' x] h'n . glthf :j?k yf}+ ;+;f/o\ bSsno\ cKjM P]g sfg"g bo]sftMu' b]z cd]l/sf h'n, t/ co\g+ cg ;befj, ;fdGh:o j cdgr}g bSsno\ Dxf] hs x] bofRj+u' b' . /fHo ;/sf/+ bo]sftMu' lgod sfg"gofu' an wofu' æHo" j dHo"Æ tSs hs l;ldt h'ofRjgL . plsof km};nfof bfo/f cbfnt ts hs vM . æHo" j dHo"Æ of lgod sfg"g kfngf ofo]u' bfloTj k|To]s JolQmofu' h'O, cn] plsoft kfngf ofs]u' lhDdf ;/sf/ofu' h'ofRjgL . yy] . wofu', cfM ;/sf/+ k|To]s dg"oft lgu/fgL tof Rjg]dfn . Yj wofu' ck'u' Hof dv'u' hs dv' ls c;Dej Hof vM . d]u' vF, ha ;/sf/+ lg/Gt/ lgu/fgL tofRjg wfM;f dg"to\t uf]klgotf wofu' x] bO dv't, :jtGqtf wofu' bOdv't . Yj x] x'lg+ JolQmut :jtGqtf j uf]klgotfof sfg"g t bo]s] dfnfjMu' vM . ha JolQmut :jtGqtfof xs clwsf/of sfg"g bt, ta Yj :jtGqtfof kl/efiff emg\emg\ Aofks h'ofjg . :jtGqtf vFUjMof l;dfgf x] dGt . Yj x] sf :jtGqtfof 18

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

clwsf/of sfg"goft x] HjgfM yf}+ cd]/Lsf j cGo o"/f]kof b]zo\ df:s to]u' lgodof la?4o] h'n'; jofRj+u' vM, lgod pNn+3g ofgf jofRj+u' vM . cn] Yj x] sfg"gof x'lg+ ofgfM cgof ;/sf/+ 5'F sf/jflx ofo] dkmofRj+u' vM . cemnf cd]l/sL /fi6«klt 8f]gfN8 6«Dk j jofu' l/klAnsg kfl6{nf df:s tof h'OdfM wsfM lgod dbo]s"u' hs x] dv', Olk+ yMlk;+ x] df:s tof dh", u'ls+ ofgfM cgof dg"t;]F g+ df:s wofu' to] x] dfM wsf bSjl;g+ larfM x] doft . bSjl;g+ vfln yMu' :jtGqtfofu' hs larfM oft, yMDx]l;g+ ;dfhof lglDt 5' ofo]dfM wofu' lhDd]jf/Loft larfM doft . dg"to]s] æyM 5Dxl;of p4f/ h'n ls uft, slk{+ oYy] h'o]df, lhtM dtna db'Æ wofu' ;+:sf/ Ajngfjn . Yj ;+:sf/ wofu' ælh wofDx ;dfhof 5Dx ;b:o vM, ;dfh le+;f lhu' enfO h'O, lh+ enfO ofM;f ;dfh legL wofu' ;f]rlarf/of gfz h"u' cj:yf vM . y'lsof clGtd glthf wofu' ;dfhof ktg vM . wd{lrQM Gxfkf Gxfkf wd{zf:qof lnw+;fo\ /fHo Joj:yf rno\ ofgfRj+u' hdfgfo\ ;/sf/L P]g sfg"gt clt x] Dxf] hs b', t/ k/Dk/f, rng j /Lltl/jfh t oSj b' . cn] 5u" ;fwf/0fu' sfg"g b', ulsoft nfu' ofs]t k'ln; g+ DjfM, cbfnt g+ DjfM . j sfg"g vM, æToM j dToMÆ of sfg"g . Yj sfg"gof clGtd nIf vM, ;dfh j b]zof lxt j sNof0f . olb ;dfh j b]zof lxt h'O;f j Hof æofo] ToMÆ dv';f j Hof æofo] dToMÆ . ;+;f/of GXofUu' wd{, GXofUu' ;dfh j GXofUu' ;Eoftfo\ g+ Yj x] ;fdflhs P]g

sfg"g b' . y'lsoft x] wd{lrQ wsfM woftn . cn], wd{lrQ+ x/]s dg"oft lrgf tn, y'ls+ x] joft k|x/Lof Hof ofsftn, xfg+ y'ls+ x] joft cbfntof Gofoflwz ofgftn . nIf 5' wfo]ano, CUj]bo\ Rjof tMy]+, lxGb't;]+ wfO{sy+ æç ;j]{ ejGt' ;'lvgM ;j]{ ;Gt' lg/fdofM . ;j]{ eb|l0f kZoGt' df slZrb\b'MvefUej]t\ . ç zflGtM zflGtM zflGtM ..Æ cy{, ç ;snl;t ;'v h'o]df, ;sn]+ Njr+ d'Qm h'o]df, ;snl;u' sNof0f h'o]df, ;'oft+ b'Mv dbo]df, ç ;+;f/o\ zflGt zflGt zflGt hs bo]df .Æ cy] x], j x] CUj]bo\ RjoftMu', cn] eujfg a'4+ gfnfsfMu' nIf vM,

æax'hg ;'vfo, ax'hg lxtfo .Æcy{, cKjM dg"t ;'vL h'o]df, cKjM dg"to\ lxt h'o]df .Æ yHofu' ;'q ofu' 1fg Plzofof dg"to\u' g'uno\ SjfQ's :jgftMu' b'u'ln+ x] y'ld;+ æyMhs sf]/f]gf efo\/;+ aro\ h'Ot dv' ls d]lkGt g aro\ofo]dfMÆ wofu' wd{lrQ tofM df:sof lgodoft k'0oof Hof vM wsfM dlQO tofM zflGtk"j{s kfngf ofgfRj+u' vM . .. ejt' ;Aa dËnd\ .. !$ cS6f]a/, @)@)

g]kfn ;Djt !!$! Gx' bF So+u' gfk+ g]jfM dfq of gvM of]dlw k'GxL of n;tfo\ ;sn g]kfldlklg ;'v zflGt j ;d[l4of sfdgf of;]+

le+t'gf rGb|fog :jL6\; gMk'v' Vjk kmf]g M ^^!))%) Varieties of sweets, lunch boxs for different kinds of ceremonies or programs

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

19

Rjv+

dltgf ck0ff{ k|wfg dltgf O{Zj/Lo j/bfg vM . /f]ldof]–h'lnot, lx/–/fFemf, l;/–km/fx, n}nf–dHg', ;f]gL–dlxjfn cflb ljZjof gf+hfMlk kljq dltgfo\ ;dlk{tlk+ dltgfldlk+ vM . Ol8k;, af} nfo; j df+ hf]sf:tfof sf]v+ hGd h"Dx sfo\ vM . yMt x] hGdofDx df+ hf]sf:tfoft Aofxfofo]t Ol8k;+ yMx] jf} nfo;oft xTof ofO . dgf]ljZn]ifs l;Ud08 k|mfO8+ Ol8k;of Yjx] dltgfof ln3+;fo\ dgf]lj1fgo\ Ol8k; u|GyL cyf{t of}g lj1fg l;4fGt ljsf; ofgf lbn . Yj cToGt dxTjk"0f{ l;4fGt h"u' b' . cf8d j Oj >[i6L ofgf dfgj hflt ljsf; h"u' vF dfgj zf:qo\ woftn . 8flj{g dfgj ljsf;of l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ofgf lbn . emL ;sn]+ k'?if j k|s[lt cyf{t g/ j gf/Lof ?koflk+ dg" j zt?kfof ;Gtfg wsf wfld{s u|Gyo\ GXoAjoftn . dTo{nf]sofDx /fhf k'?/af j :ju{ofDx ck;/f pj{zL of ljof]ufGt h"u' k|;+u GXoAjof tMu' dltgf gfk :jfk" b'u' kf}/fl0fs jfv+ vM . y'sL pu' O{no\ jrgof dxTj GXoAjof tMu' b' . b]j u'? j[x:kltof snfM tf/f j rGb|dfof cj}B ;DaGw+ hGdh"Dx a'4+ rGb|j+z j ;"o{k'q 20

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

j}jZjt dg" g+ ;"o{j+z :yfkgfofu' k|;+u cfo{jt{ k'/f0fo\ GXoAjof tn . lemDx sfo\ b'Dx j}jZjt dg"of ofsMDXofo\ Onfof Olxkf a'4 gfk h'O . k'?/jf a'4 j Onfkfv]+ hGd h"Dx vM . pu' Ono\ k'?/afof wd{ j jL/tfof oSj k|rf/ h'O . 5sM wd{, cy{ j sfd :jDx k'?iffy{ dfgj wf/0f ofgf k'?/afofu' k/LIff sfo]t dTo{nf]so\ jO . yMyfo\ jlkGt k'?/af ;Ddfgk"j{s n;s'; ofO . yMDx+ :jof :jDxo\l;t+ oyf]lrt pkxf/ k|bfg g+ ofO . pkxf/of lgAjo\ 5Aj wd{oft 5Ajof lglyofgf cy{ j sfdoft k|bfg ofO . wd{oft pkxf/ cKjM nfO . cy{ j sfd oft Dxf] h"jlg . cy{ j sfdof dgo\ wd{oft cKjM pkxf/ ljof yMlkGt Dxf] ljof dxTj dAo"u' tfo]sL lrQ a'emo\ dh"lk+ cy{ k'?/afoft bl/b| h'Odf, sfd+ :qL ljof]uof lk8f ef]uo\ ofo] dfn]df wsf ;/fMjL . cKjM pkxf/ k|fKtDx wd{ k'?/afoft bL3{sfn ts zf;g ofOu' pQ/flwsf/Lof lg/Gt/tfof j/bfg jL . OGb|f;gof nflu b]jtf j bfgjto\ by'O cfkf x] o'4 h'of Rjlgu' . yhfu' o'4o\ OGb|oft Ujfxfln ljo]t dTo]{nf]sofDx k'?/af a/fa/

:ju{o\ Yogf Rjlgu' . 5u" o'4o\ b]jtflk+ TofO . ljhoof n;tfo\ :ju]{ ck;/f pj{zLof g]t[Tjo\ gfrufgof cfof]hgf ofO . Yj x] Ono\ k'?/afof pj{zL gfk oMToM h'O . gfrufgof sfo{qmd SjrfO . :ju{o\ Rj+Dx :ju{o\ x] nfO . k'?/af dTo{nf]so\ NoxfF jo]dfln . dltgfof nflv+ rLw'+sf lgu" nf]soflk+ lgDx dltgfldlk+ jfof Rjg] dfln . dTo{nf]so\ Rjgf k'?/af+ :ju{o\ Rj+Dx pj{zL n'd+sf RjlgO . :ju{nf]sofDx ck;/f pj{zL+ dTo{nf]sofDx k'?/afof n'dlGtO n's'+ ljgf Rjlgu' . k'?/afof dltgf Njx] d+s] dk'mDx pj{zL 5Gx" yMDx dltgfld gfk nfo]u' cfzofgf dTo{nf]so\ jMan] s]l; gf+Dx c;"/+ cK;/foft vlgO . ?kjtLDx pj{zL vg]j+ j c;"/+ x/] ofgfjL . pj{zLof cft{gfb k'?/af+ tfO . c;"/ gfk o'4 ofgf k'?/af+ pj{zLoft d'Qm ofO . ab|Lsf>do\ tk:ofo\ nLgDx g/gf/fo0fof tk:of e+u ofo]t OGb| :ju{oflk+ cK;/ft 5\jof xO . OGb|of lgolt ;Lsf g/gf/fo0f+ yMu' vDkf+ clts+ ;'Gb/LDx ld;f 5Dx pTklQofO . g/gf/fo0fof p? cyf{t\ vDkf+ k}bf h"Dx j gf/Lof gf+ pj{zL vM . g/gf/fo0fof tk:of e+u ofMjlk+ cK;/ft yMlk l;j] ;'Gb/LDx ld;f vgfM GXoMg] jg] nHhf rfofM OGb|of z/0fo\ jlgO . yMu' b'l:golt rfo]sf z/0fo\ jMDx OGb|oft g/gf/fo0f+ pj{zL ;lxt Ifdf ljof 5\jO . OGb| g+ pj{zLoft :ju{o\ o+sf pRr:yfg ljoftO . :ju{o\ cfof]hgf h'Ou' gfrufgo\ pj{zLoft x]

d'Vou' e"ldsf jLu' . 5sM gf6oClif e/t+ nIdL–gf/fo0f gf6s cfof]hgf ofO . gf6so\ nIdLof e"ldsf pj{zLoft jL . ;Djfbof qmdo\ 5yfo\ nIdL gf/fo0foft k'?iff]Qd wsf ;Djf]wg ofo] dfln . t/ k'?/afof dltgfo\ kfunDx pj{zL+ nIdLof e"ldsfo\ g+ k'?/jf wfO . qmf]lwtDx e/td'lg+ pj{zLoft dTo{nf]so\ dfgj ?ko ljrng h'ofRjg]df wsfM ;/fMaL . Clifof >fk+ pj{zL :ju{nf]s Tjt]t afWo h'O . :ju{nf]s j dTo{nf]sof sf/0f+ yM dltgfldgfk jfof Rjg]dfGx pj{zL 5Gx" dTo{nf]so\ jof k'?/af oft gfk nfO . lgDxo\l;g+ bfDkTo hLjg xg]u' Sjl5O . Olxkf ofo] GXoM pj{zL k'?/afoft lgu" arga4 oflsO . 5u" yMDx+ xMlk lgDx km}Orft\o\u' ;+/If0f ofo]u' j d]u' /fqLof ;xjf; kZrft yMu' GXog] efMtDx lgj{:q jo] b}dv' wfO . Yj lgu" jrg+ ljkmn h'nls yMlklgu' bfDkTo hLjg g+ Tjfwln wfO . rqmjtL{ /fhf k'?/af+ lgu" jrg g+ :jLsf/ ofO . pj{zL dTo{nf]s j;f+ lg;]+ :ju{ z"Go h'O . cn] OGb| :ju{of zf]ef h'of Rj+Dx pj{zLoft xfg+ :ju{o\ lnt xo]u' ljrf ofO . Olxkf GXoM pj{zL k'?/afoft jrga4 ofsftMu' :o"Dx OGb|+ jx] jrg pn+3g ofsf pj{zL :ju{o\ xo]u' pkfo n'OsL . uGwj{t gfk ;fx'lt ofgf OGb|+ pj{zLof km}rft v'Os] xO . OGb|of cf1f+ dTo{nf]so\ jof pj{zLof km}rft v" jO . km}rft xfu' ;n+ pj{zLof GXon+ rfO . jfrf Ono\ uGwj{to\;+ yMDx km}oft n'of o+sfRj+u' vlgO . km}rft o+s]j+ yf}+sGx] no\kf}

21

pj{zL+ efMtoft yMu' jrg GXoylgO . jrgj4Dx /fhf k'?/afof pj{zLgfk jfo]dflnu' eo\ g+ km}rf v'of o+s'lkGt No"jlg . cfsfemfsfo\ GXoM :jAofDx k'?/afof yM lgj{:qu' cj:yf wsfM xf]zo\ db' . jx] df}sfo\ OGb| GX;nf KjfnfSs Tjo]sf aL . efMt gfk No'No' jMDx pj{zL+ Gx;nfof hno\ efMtDx lgj{:q cj:yfo\ vlgO . OGb|of of]hgf ;kmn h'O . pj{zL k'?/jfoft jrga4 ofsf tMu' pn+3g h'O . cno\ uGwdf08g kj{to\ ckf/ ;'v ef]uofgf To'k' hLjg Tjfynf pj{zL :ju{o\ jlg . :qLljof]u+ efMtDx lj+y] h'O .! b}Tou'? z'qmfrfo{ ;+hLjgL ljBf ;Mu' k|;+u dxfef/t wfld{s u|Gyo\ GXoAjof tMu' b' . b]ju'? j[x:kltof sfo\ sr+ z'qmfrfo{ kfv]+ ;+hLjgL ljBf ;o]sf sfO . b}Tou'? z'qmfrfo{of DXrfo\ b]jofgL sr\of ;f}Gbo{+ cfslif{t h'O . j gfk Olxkf ofo]u' k|:tfj tO . u'?k'qL h"u'ln+ sr+ b]jofgLof k|:tfj c:jLsf/ ofO . yMu' cfsf+Iff k"djg]j+ b]jofgL+ sroft yMjf} kfv]+ k|fKt ;+hLjgL ljBf gi6 h'Odf wsfM ;/fMaL . b]jofgLoft g+ sr+ :jhflt gfk Olxkf dh'Odf wsfM ;/fMaL . 5Gx" b}To s'nLo /fhs'df/L b]jofgL gfk hn ljxf/o\ jlgO . hn ljxf/of qmdo\ zldi7f+ cghfgo\ kf;f b]jofgLof j;M yMDx k'g] nfls . yMu' j;M kf;f+ k'gf To"u' td+ b]jofgL t'+yL SjAjfjlg . /fhf ooflt+ b]jofgLofu' NxfM;fnf p4f/ ofO . /fhf ooflt+ b]jofgL AoxfofO . kf;foft Ajnf;fn]u' dgl:yltDx b]jofgL+ yMjf}oft 22

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

cg'/f]w ofgfM zld{i7foft bf;Lof ?ko\ yM gfk+ Ajgf o+ls . cToGt ;'Gb/LDx zld{i7fof ?ko\ /fhf ooflt cfslif{t h'O . gsf/fTds dfgl;stfDx b]jofgL yM efMt zld{i7f gfk dltgf h"u' vF jf}oft s+ jlg . z'qmfrfo{ /fhf ooftLoft ;"of{:t h'OGXo j[4 h'Odf wsfM ;/fMaL . olb ;'gfg+ jofu' j[4fj:yf :jLsf/ ofgf sfn wfM;f >fk lgjf/0fof pkfo g+ wfO . /fhf oofltof j[4fj:yf sfo]t yM ;fldKolk+ lk|o hglk+ ;'gfg+ :jLsf/ dofM . cGTo] oofltof sfG5fDx sfo\ k'?+ jf}of j[4fj:yf u|x0f ofo]t tof/ h'O . y'ls+ dw'df; -;'xfu/ft_ of nflu k|ltIff/tDx k'?of gjljjflxt snfM lrqn]vfof nflu jh|kft ;/x x] h'of jL . s'n GXofs]of nflu sfo\ 5Dx bo]sf k'?+ j}/fUo hLjg NoO . yMu' eljio s'7f/f3f6 h"Dx lrqn]vf+ ljif gof cfTdxTof ofO . O{ k"jg]j+ k'?+ k'gM of}jgfj:yf k|fKt ofO . j[4fj:yfo\ ooflt zld{i7f gfk jfg k|:yfg ofO .@ ?lSd0fL x/0f, ;Toefdf x/0f cflb kf}/fl0fs sfnof dltgfof b;" vM . s[i0fof dltgfo\ ;dlk{tDx ?lSd0fLof Olxkf ;'z'kfn gfk ofgfjLu' kl/jf/+ Sj5L . s[i0f Yj ;L . cno\ gf/L e]if 3fl/Dx ch'{g ?lSd0fLoft oMkf} jLs] 5\jO . yMu' of]hgfsy+ s[i0f+ ?lSd0fL x/0f ofu' vM . sf]tkj{ kZrft zlQm ;DkGgDx >L # h+uaxfb'/of h]7LDx snfM k|;fb nIdLof d[To' h'oj] ;;Ms]x] Aofxfofo]u' k|:tfj oft ;;Mjf}Dx c:jLsf/ ofO . ;;Ms]xF] l;l4 uh]Gb| nIdLof

Olxkf h'O w's + f hah:tL snfM ofo] xO . of}g kl/t[lKtof nflu dv', ;;Mjf}oft abnf sfo]u' efjgf+ ljjflxtDx ;;Ms]xo] f u[x:yL hLjg Wj:t ofgf jL . Yj h+uaxfb'/of dltgf dv' zlQm of lny+;fo\ dltgfoft P]ltxfl;s sn+lst ofu' vM . ;g\ !*%& ; ef/tof l;kfO+ ljb|fx] bdgof nflu ef/tj+Dx h+u axfb'/of hf]x/ gf+Dx d':dfgL gfk dltgf h'O . g]kfnL ;dfh+ d':dfgLoft :jLsf/ ofO dv' wsf :o"Dx h+uaxfb'/ joft sf+u8fof /fhk't hf]x/ s'df/L gf+ ljof ;sl;t+ Dxl;sfjL . joft b/jf/o\ tof yM sfzL jlgO . cg+ ef/tof s6s :6]6of /fhs'df/L Aoxfofgf g]kfno\ xO . joft g+ xfg+ b/jf/o\ u+uf dxf/fgL gf+ ljof tO .# ;g\ !*%) ; h+uaxfb'/of a]nfot e|d0fof qmdo\ cgofDx nfp/fj]nf gf+Dx ;'Gb/L gfk dltgf h'O . y'so] f jf/] a]nfolt ljåfg hf] xNk6gof … h+uaxfb'/ Og o'/f]kÚ gf+u' ;k"mtL rrf{ ofgf tMu' b' . a]nfoto\ Gxfkf+ Yo+Dx g]kfnL df]ltnfn l;+xh'+ 5u" n]vo\ tfxfs rrf{ ofgf bLu' b' . /f0ffsflng >L # eLd zdz]/of wgs'6fofDx ;Ltfdfof tfdfË gf+Dx b/af/of ;';f/] gfk dltgf h'O . joft ;Ltf dxn lgdf{0f ofgf sfG5L dxf/fgL gf+ ljof dxno\ tO .$ Enflbldo/ gfefsf]eof gf]j]n k'/:sf/

k|fKtu' …nf]lntf gf+u' rlr{t pkGof;o\ 5Dx j[4of drfNof;]rfDx nf]lntf gfk dltgf h'O . nf]lntf k|flKtof nflu j[4+ jof df+ Joxf ofO . ljZj]Zj/ k|;fb sf]O/fnfof afa', cfdf / 5f]/f gf+u' pkGof;o\ jf}of dltgf h"Dx ld;f sfo\of ue{kltDx dltgfld h'of Rjlg . jf}Dx jx] sfo\ kfv]+ ue{jtLDx ld;f Aoxf ofO . /fdnfn hf]zLof …dbg k'/;sf/ k|fKtu' …P]gfÚ afv+ k'rno\ b'Yofu' …elh{g syfÚ gf+u' jfvgo\ efMt+ snfMof nflu, jf}g+ Dxofo\of nflu sfo\ g+ df+of nflu NojM -u|fxs_ r"nfsf b]x Jofkf/ ofOu' df+ g+ cjf]B Dxofo\of s'df/LTj n'6o\ oflsu' k|;+u GXoAjof tn . Yj dltgf dv' b]x Jofkf/ vM dltgfof a]OHht vM . kf}/fl0fs sfn+ lg;]+ GXofu' dltgf P]ltxfl;s Ono\ g+ GXoft . yf}+ ts g+ lg/Gt/ GXofgf x] Rjg . dltgf h'Ot ?k, j}z, hflto lje]b, zf/Ll/s ljs[lt, ;DklQ cflb 5' gfk x] ;DaGw b}dv' . GXofgf Rj+u' v'l;+ yMu' nFo\ Rj+u' ljzfn lznf l5gf GXofjlg . cy] x] dltgfldlk;+ g+ yMlklgu' dltgfof nFo\ jOu' k+uMt ;+3if{ ofgf dltgf GXoflsO . ;+3if{ ofgfM Tofs] k'mlklgu' dltgf ;kmn h'O . Tofs] dk'mlk+ c;kmn h'O . cno\ chflk+ ljof]u h'ofjL . g]=;+= !!$) t5nf5f !! d+unaf/ lj=;+= @)&& h]i7 @ ut] d+unaf/

;+be{ wnM !_ /fd nf]xgL M k'?/af pj{zL ljof]ufGt k|]d syf M cGgk"0f{ @)&$÷!)÷@&÷& @_ w|'j ;To kl/of/ M a'xf/Lsf] k|:tfj M gful/s @)&$÷!!÷!(÷& #_ ;'lht d}gfnL M of}gdfly Psflwsf/ M cGgk"0f{ @)&$÷!)÷@)÷& $_ ;Djfb bftf M elTsof] k|]dsf] lgzfgL M sflGtk'/ @)&@÷)!÷@)÷! yf}+sGx] no\kf}

23

Rjv+

df+;fxf/L Vs zfsfxf/L s'Gbg k|;fb >]i7 Yjnf bSj:of+ l;pu' x] vF vM ls df+;fxf/L wfo\jno\ nf gOlk . zfsfxf/L wfo\jno\ a+ a'ofj} Mu' jfpFrf, pr+ar ' + -t/sf/L_, l; -kmnk"mn_ hs gOlk+ . Gxfkf+u' O{no\ -cflbdsfno\_ dg"t bSj+ df+;fxf/L x] vM . 5fo\wfM;f j Ono\ a'F Hof wOu' x] ofo\d;Mlg . kz'kl+ Ifof cxn -lzsf/_ ofgf cldu' nf 5'ofM gOu' vM -cfMy]+ d;nf tof ;fSs g+ go\d;M_ . dfgj ;dfh RjGXofgf jM ln;] g;f+ -vfB_ g+ yMu' yfo\ sofxn . lnkf h'pln;] dg'to\ hLjgof Djfo\u' d" lnw+;f x] g;f -vfB_ h'oflan . g;f dgo\s dg"t Djfo\ dkmOu' h'n . a'nx' +' a'nx' +' dg"to\;+ a'F Hof g+ ofo\ ;o\sfxn . cno\ u'Dx+ nf g+ gOlk+ pr+ar ' + g+ -df+;fxf/L lgVo+ ToM_ gOlk+ h'n . u'Dx+ nf lyx] dlyOlk+ pr+ar ' + -zfsfxf/L_ hs gOlk+ h'n . y'sy+ dg"to\;+ yMyd+t' df+;fxf/L j zfsfxf/L lgAjo\ ynfM o+sn . Yj x] vFoft sof Gxfkf Gxfkf -emL;+ BM wsf xgfagf tof Rjgflklgu' kfno\_ df+;fxf/Loft c;'/of NofMvo\ tn wfM;f zfsfxf/Loft ;'/ -b]j_ of NofMvo\ tMu' h'n . c;'/lkGt cgfo{ -/fIf;_ g+ wfM . xlndo\ bsn] Gxfkf+of jfl;t -cflbjf;L_ x] cgfo{t vM . cno\ b]ato\t cfo{of ;+1f lapu'hn ' . wfTy]+ wfo\dfn wfM;f Gxfkfoflk+ cflbaf;Lt x] cfo{ vM, cgfo{dv' . cgfo{nf b]jt x] vM . 5fo\wfM;f lnkf bSj 5lw5k+ h'of cgfo{oft Tot'dt' Tonf cfo{ wfo\sf h'n. Gxfkf lzj g+ lji0f' g+ c;'/ x] vM . lnkf yM Rjo\ Rjg]t afyM h'of ;'/ -b]j_ h"u' vM . cfo{ wOlk+ ;To ;dfho\ RjgLlk+ . yM :jof 24

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

SjsflnlkG;+ xgfjgf to\sf Rjlglk+ h'pu'ln+ b]jto\;+ cfo{ kb sfMu' vM . b]jto\;+ c;'/to\t GXofjn]+ SjTon]t :jOu'ln+ af wfo\ lt :ofo\t :jOu'ln -emLu' ;dfho\ g+ j x] :jofnf tMld+ lrOldof lt :ofOu' rhM -rng_ cfMts g+ b'ul' n+ tMld j lrOldof by'O GXofan]+ Njfk' h'of x] Rj+_ cfkfMofgf æb]jf;'/ ;+uf| dÆ h'of x] Rj+ . b]jf;'/ ;+uf| do\ GXofjn] b]jt x] hs TofO wOu' db' . b]jt g+ a'gfM ljl;pF ag]dfMu' afvF oSj Gogf tofu' b'. b]jto\;+ c;'/t TofMu' vF dg"to\ GXojg] Tjk'ofM to\u' s'tM ofO . 5fowfM;f b]jto\u' rxkx x] yMhs le+ wfo\sf h'Ou', yMofths xgfjgf to\sf h'Ou' cno\ dg"to\u' GXoMg] ;j{zlQmdfg h'of Sog]u' cno\ c;'/oft, dg"to\t GXofjn] SjTonf to\u' -dfS;{jfbof wfk"sy+ b]jt woflk+ Gxfkfoflk+ ;fdlGt, zf]ifstvM_ b]jt y'ln afyM ls b]jto\;+ c;'/lkGt Tofs] dkmOy]+ Rjgls c;'/tgfk Olxkfof :jfk"tof+ lhnnf, -b]j j c;'/of Olxkf h'u' afv+ oSj Gog] b'_, e]mNnfofgf lhnnf, Wj+ nfgf lhnnf b]jt x] hs Tofs]dfMu' . Yj b]jto\u' ljnIf0fofu' kx wfo\dfM . emL;+ zfsfxf/L ;'oft wfo\u,' df+;fxf/L ;'oft < emL;+ Gogftofu' b]jto\;+ nf dgMu'ln+ zfsfxf/L, nf gOlk+ h'pu'ln+ c;'/t df+;fxf/L . cy] vM;f dxfBMoft 5' wfo\u' < df+;fxf/L jfo\ zfsfxf/L < u'Dxnf g/eIfL dg"of nf dbo\s dufM . dzfgo\Rjgf dg" 5'pu'nf af; dsfos GXoMx] djo\lsDx . lji0f' eujfg x] g/l;+x

cjtf/ sof nf gwfM;f < Gxfkf Gxfkfnf BM to\yfo\ g/aln x] ljOdfM . kz'alnof rh+McfMts+ blg . sf Djfnsf, co\nfoft 5' wfo\u' < b]jlkG;+ cK;/ftgfk co\nf Tjgf Kofv+ Nx'of GXoOk'lsano\ æ;f]d/;Æ kfgofMu' xF, j x] co\nf c;'/to\;+ TjgfM ld;ftgfk Kofv+ Nx'tls ceb| nf < æ‰jfd /;Æ xF . BM to\;o+ fu' hs eb|, c;'/to\;o+ fMu' ceb|nf < c;'/to\;+ Tjlgu' ænf]sn y/f{Æ b]jto\;+ Tjlgu' æ/]8n]jn lXjl:sÆnf < hftnf lgtf+ co\nf x] vMlg, dv'nf < cno\ < emL uan]+ uan]+ Ejo\ -kf6L{_ jg]jno\ zfsfxf/L le+dg" -;Hhg_ lkG; Tjlgu' lXjl:s 5'no\ < co\nf dv';+] b]jto\;+ Tjlgu' ;f]d/; nf < wfo\tnf zfsfxf/LlkG;+ co\nf zfsfxfl/of k'rMno\ nfM wfOsf cy]nf wd{ sy+ co\nf df+;fxf/L k'rMno\ nfM jn uy]wfM;f yMt oMDxl;ofu' lv x] g:jfM, af; jM cy] x] yM t doMDxl;ofu' ;f;M x] gjM . Yj wOu' 5' < yM Tofs]u' vF . Yj df+;fxf/L j zfsfxf/L g+ wd{of vFr" y] Njfk' yo\u' hs vF vM, d]u' 5' g+ dv' . 5fo\yfM;f emL;+ xgfagf tofRjgflk+ b]jto\ x] nf go\dfl:t jnls e}nMBM, u0f]BM, g/l;+x BM, le+BM clhdf kfv] :jM;f dxfsfln, eb|sfln yLyL vn'+ -?k_ sofM eHo+s nf go\u,' lx Tjg]u' xF, cno\ Kjfy n'bgls b]jto\;+ nf dgM wsf zfsfxf/Lnf < wfTy]+ wfo\dfnwfM;f e"t, k|t] , lkzfr a'pu' x] dxf BM g+ ofgf . dv';f dxfBMoft e"tgfy wsfM 5fo\ wfO < cfM Djfnsf z'4 zfsfxf/L pkb]z laof laHofODx l;4fy{ uf}td a'4 x] lnkf jgfM nf gM;f+ lhpwof laHoft . l;4fy{ uf}td+ Yj g+ wof ljHofMu' b' ls ædg'io of cfTdf+ ˆj+u' k"0f{ ofo\dfÆ wfMu' 5'no\ < zfsfxf/L wdf{jnlDa lkG;+ g+ nf go\dfl:tjnls gM;f+ lhn dv'nf < vF y'ln x] hs ls yMlkG;+ d:ofMu' h'Odfn jfo\ yMlkG; dv+s :ofMu' h'Odfn . a'4 wd{o\ Yj g+

woftMu' b' ls a'4 wdf{anlDato\ nf go\dfl:t jnls ;dGt eb|of VjfMkfMn+ k'of rrfDo] xfnf u'nk' fMto\ ;Dxo\ gfk+ nf, Gof, Vo],F co\nf tof go\ lhp xF . -g]kfMof tflGqs BM j tflGqs k"hf– anb]j h'h' . ;'/G] b|dfg >]i7_ Yj wOu' 5'no\ < yy] wOu' g+ bOnf < Yjnf sltnfM kfsM Hof dh'p nf < onls df+;fxf/L, don ls zfsxfl/ nf < b]jto\ oMoMjno\ oTy] nf < cy]nf emLyfo\ Gxfkf+lg;] -k/fk"js { fn_ h'ofjofRj+u' x] yy] . wfo\jno\ cfMoflk+ ;Qfwf/LlkG;+ Yj x] :ogfsfMu' nfls 5' < zfsfxf/L wfo\jno\ ;Hhg -b]j_, df+;fxf/L wfo\jno\ b'h{g -c;'/_ nf< vF cy] dv' . zfsfxf/L h'p;f+ b'h{Gt oSj b' . df+;fxf/L wfo\j+ ;Hhgt g+ db'u' dv' . lh+ Rjo\g+ GXoyg] w'g, c;'/ g+ b]jof bfh'lshf vM. b]j g+ c;'/ g+ 5Dx x] ca'of drfvfrf . kfMu'nf yg ljrfM wfMof . ljrfMwfM z'4 h'p;f, g'uM le+;f ;Hhg dv';f b'h{g . ToM dToM, le+–dle+, t'p–dt'p, lgO– dlgO wOu'nf GXofu'ln g+ bO . cKjM wOu' 5' g+ dlhp . cy] x] nf, co\nf g+ cfkfM go\dlhp, Tjg] dlhp . jfpFrf, a"jM b'? g+ cfkfM dlhp . cfM 5u" vFNxfo\ sf 8fSt/, a}B lkG;+ emL p;fFo dGtls gfO;]+ Rj+s r"+nf, r"+nfof lt gls Tj+ls wfO . drf a'plkGt r"+nf hf gls . co\nf NjfsHofMu' jf;M le6fldg wsfM emL aMdnftls glsO GXoMdjnls j x] co\nf NjfsHofMu' jf;M 5u", ;'ldrf jfo\ lgu" ;'ldrf Tjgf B+ wfO . cy] h'pu'ln+ co\nfoft æjf;MÆ g+ wfM . cKjM Tjgls, gnls jf; g+ ljif h'Ou'nf kfo\l5u' x] vF vM . Yjnf emL;+ l;pu' x] vF vM ls a}lbs o'uo\ BMto\t nf dbo\s dufM . yLyL xf]d, o1o\ kz'k+l5t 5'of nf k|;fb OgfMgOu' rhM b' . cZjd]3 o1 wsf ;noft ldO 5'of BM, h'h' lkG;+ k|;fb wsf ;nof nf gO . lkt[oft g+ yf}+sGx] no\kf}

25

uo\8f Do]ofnf lk08o\ :jygfM dto\s+ >f4 k" dj+ cem k'/f]lxt afHoflklgu' wfk" sy+ u}+8f Do]of nfof :jfk" tKo+s :ju{M gfk b'. cno\ lk08o\ u}+8f Do]of nf tof >f4o\ lk08 yn ls jf tk{0f oftls cgGtsfn ts lkt[of cfTdf t[Kt h'Ou' . >f4 ofOano\ Wo, sl:t, b'? k+rfd[t g+ tk{0fofO . b'?ofu' vF j;]ln+ zfsfxf/L lkG;+ ;fof b'?, Do]of b'? Tj x] Tj+ . jx] Dxofu' lx b'? lklkrf+ lkxfFjOjno\ t'o'u' b'? h'of jOu'nf vM lg . j x] b'? Tjlglk+ z'4 zfsfxf/L lkGt 5' wfo\u' < 5u" vFnf zfsfxf/L lkG;Fælh zfsfxf/LÆ wsf kmfFo\k'mFOofo\ dlhpy]+ Rj . 5fo\wfM;f lh zfsfxf/L wsf pr+a'r+ gof Rjlklgu' Dxg+ df+;wf/L -5\o+u', Sjo\, nf, lx_ x] vM lg, dv'nf < cno\ < dg" :jo+ yMx] nf, lx, SjFo\, 5\o+u'

EofM ;f< b'g] zfsfxf/L g;f -vfB_ b' 5\jofF hs lhnnf < d" vFnf g'uM z'4 h'Odfnsf . zfsfxf/L dg" g+ df+zfxf/L dg"ot x]jfo\ rjfo\ ofo\dlhn sf . cy]h'pu'ln+ yMyMu' yf;o\ yMyMu' x] d" b' . g;f -vfB_ GXofUu' x] gM;f+ dg" h'of, dg" g+ dg"oft xjfo\ rjfo\ ofo\dlhn sf . bSj+ dg"t j x] vM wOu' g'uMno\ to\dfn sf . bSj+ dg"t plt x] Uo+sf gfk+ Rjg] kmo\s] dfn . ps]+, lh+ :jo\jno\ ;' g+ dg"to\;+ ælh Yj x]Æ wsf kmfFo\k'mFOofo\ dlhp y] Rj+ . ls uy] < lnw+;f ;k"m M != zfSo – >L k|o0f kf;f @= a}lbs o'udf df+;fxf/ – >L lblnk t08'sf/ #= g]kfMof tflGqs BM j tflGqs k"hf – anb]j h'h'÷;'/]Gb|dfg >]i7

le+t'gf efh' ;'/]Gb| eQm >]i7

efh' ljho/Tg cvj/]

y'u' klqsfof Joj:yfkg gfk+ nxgf Go"h 86sd of b'hM efh' ;'/]Gb| eQm >]i7, y'u' klqsfof le+lrtfld efh' ljho/Tg t'nfw/ gfk+ g]kfn efiff 6fOD; oft sf=d=g=kf= kfv]+ æ;'zf;g kqsfl/tf l;/kfn+ ;Ddflgt h'of lbOu'ln josMlklgu' pQ/f]Q/ cem+ Rjhfo]df wsf le+t'gfu' h'n .

yf}+sGx] hM 26

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

Oltxf;

;+b]zjftf{ on k|s/0f b]ljrGb| >]i7 on, gfujxfMof wd{axfb'/ wfVjfln;] joslklg lzufT5]F j dfg] Uofk s'lyof 5'F n'd+lt on+ ;+b]zo\ jgfM Jofkf/, s'ly, rfn' ofgfRj+lk wfVjfM ;fx'to\ vnk'rÙ oSj b';f+ yf}+sGx] hLljt dWo] bsn] ylhDx vM wd{axfb'/ wfVjfM . hLp8fn u+;LDx, wfVjfh"of af]nrfn z}nL hf]l;nf] vgfM Gxfkf+nf lhtM x] ch"rfn . xfsg+, ono\ lx/0oj0f{ dxfljxf/, SjfjxfM of 5Dx b'hM h'ofg+ cgof wfld{s kl/j]z+ k[ystfofM wd{axfb'/ wfVjfMh" k|lt emg\ cfslif{t h'n . jo\sMlklg+ k'Vof}{ln Jofkf/of 5'F vFlgM GXoyg]t lh+ Gxo;M tofM ælhld Gxfkf+lg;]+ ;+b]zof …lzufT5]Ú wofu' Jofkf/ s]Gb|o\t'+ Rjgf jgo\Hof ;gfjMlk+ vM . lhld ca' a'4hLj wfVjfM g+ lhld vnMof lgSju' …:j}lR5sÚ ;Dos dxfbfg kj{ Gofo\s]t h'h'ofyfo\ Ujo\bf+ to\w'+sfM, dxfbfg l;dwj+ lh j'n . Yjnf …;DosÚ :jo\t jDx drf wsf lhu' gf+ pjn] ;Dos/Tg wsf tofljn . lnkfltlg lhu' gf+ …wd{axfb'/Ú wsf 5'gfljpu' wfO . Yj x] gf+ yf}ts rlNt h'n .Æ ælhld ca' a'4hLj, wfVjfM vnMof lgSju' :j}lR5s ;Dos …;+= !(&# ;fn+ ;DkGgofgfln 5'+

b+ lnkf Ifo/f]u+ sof lbj+ut h'n . pyfo\ lhnf v'b+ GXo\b+ ltlg b'Dx drf vM . Yj vF !(*) ;fn kfv]of vM . ælhld ca' a'4hLj+ ;+b]zof lzufT5]+ kfv]/hs ;Lldt h'of Rj+u' vM . jo\sM Nxf;fof Jofkf/o\ …;l/sÚ h'of dlbn . pls+ Nxf;ftsg+ dYog . æNxf;fo nf lhlk+ lnkfltlg jgfu' vM lzufT5]oft g+ dtf]t':o+ . ca' dbo\w'+sf ltlg tMlwDxbfh" lhtaxfb'/ wfVjfM Nxf;fo\ jgf Gx"u' s'ly 5u" rfo\sflbn . j s'ly efsf]/ nfufM dfg]Uofk gfk;+ nft . pls+ Yjx] gfd+ lhldu' GXofu' s'ly rno h'n . xfg+ lxGb':yfgL dfn;fdfg cfkn+ lhldyfo\ b'u'ln+ ;+ot;] lhldt …Uof–5f]ªjf wsf g+ wfo\u' oft .Ú …cy]nf, Nxf;fo\ d]d]lk+ g]jfM ;fx'to\ afgf uy] ls tf; ltgvfM Sj]lrg\ sfkMt lhldyfo\ g+ db'u' dv' . …w'lrÚ wfOu' /]zd sfkM j sfZd]/f pmgL sfkMt g+ bx]b' . ;+b]zof lgyfo\ lgyf;+ s'ly GXofgf Rj+u' bofg+ ckf]afgf to\kmOu'nf :jfefljs . yf}+sGx] no\kf}

27

æpls ;g+ ;+b]zof k"jf]{ ;Ldf oft'ª tSs c+u|]hL /fHo+ Jofkf/Lt jo\s] ljOu' h'ofM cg -8\o"6L k|mL -s/d'Qm_ ;fdfgt lnkf oSj x] Yog . pls+ snstf–sfln+kf]+Ë+ xo\u' :jof oft'ª ahf/o\ x] ;fdfg sfo\u' sltnfgf jn . y'v]/ lhld;+ x] Gxfkf+ Wofg ljofu' vM . cfM lhu' kfno\of v+ sg]TogfM ælh eltrf tM3L h':o]+ln lhld+ 5]hM vo\ ;Nnfx h'ofM … kf6g xfO{ :s'no\Ú egf{ ofgfljn . cg Jagfj+ Rjgfjno\ lh lem+lkb+lt pd]/ Yo;]ln lhld tMlwDx bfh' lhtaxfb'/ wfVjfMoft Nxf;fo\ kfM lxn] dfn wsf lht x] Nxf;f 5f]Fo\u' lhld hMno\ lkbg . lh+ :s"no\ cfvM Ajg]u' x] lbs]dfn . lh+ pyfo\ kfl/jfl/s af]em x] Sjljdfn .Æ æpls+ !(*&–** ;fn kfv]/, drf NofoDxof j};o\ lh Nxf;f jgfDx vM . pyfo\ lhld l;ufT5] s'ly dflxnf ;flxnf bfh' k"0f{axfb'/– x]/faxfb'/ wfVjfMt hfgfM rno\ ofgfRjg . Olk+ lnkf lhu' Hof :jo\t Nxf;f Yo+sjn . y'u' x] jvto\ nfSs lhld dfF …j]ltdfofÚ db'u' j'v+ RjofM …;Lkf}Ú Nxf;fo\ Yo+s] xn . cn] lhlk bfh' lshf :jDxo\l;g+ cg x] df+of gfd+ ofo\dfu' sfhlqmof u'Dafo\ bfgwd{ ofgf ljof . æy'sy+ lh Gxfkf+of v'l; x] lem+lgb+lt Nxf;fo\ Rjgf . pan] x] lhu' j}; hfof cg x] ;ldgL 5Dxl;t oMToM sy+ snfM bo\sf . jof kfv]+ Gxfkf+ lhtM sfo\ 5Dx b'u' vM . t/ j drf lnkf cg x] dGt . d]lk+ ;Gtfg Dxofo\lk+ lgDx bt 28

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

of~hL j 5f+uL . y'ldt lh+ lnkf g]kfno\ Ajgf xof . g]kfn+ x] lnkf 5f+uL 5Dx cd]l/sg ln:o] Jofxf ofgf pv]/ x] jg . j yM df+Dx]l;t cg x] o+sftu' b' .Æ æGxfkf+ v'l; lem+lgb+ Nxf;fo\ Rjgfln lh 5SjM g]kfno\ Sjxfjof . pyfo\ yg g]kfno\ /f0ffzf;g x] blg . lh :jSjM ts g]kfn+ Nxf;fo\ O?ly? ofgfh'of . lgSjMu' v'l; Nxf;fo\ Rjgfjno\ ;+b]zof d]d]yfo\ g+ rfMXo' h'of, -e|d0f_ ofgf . pano\of yMu' cg'ejt lj:s x] sg]dflg, cn] Rjs] g+ dflg .Æ æ:jsMu' v'l; Nxf;f agfjno lh cKkf] O{ sofM cg dRjgf . lrlgofto\ k|efj+ ofgfM ef/t ln;] Jofkf/ rfn" h'of RjgLu' 5fF6 djn . vDkft;] Nxf;fo\ ljb|f]x ofjn] lh=g+ cg x] b' . lnkf bnfO{ nfdfh" x] b]z TjtfM ef/to\ z/0f sf:o]+ln Nxf;fof l:ylt emg Uofgk'n .Æ cg d]lk g]jfM ;fx't ;/x lhg+ Nxf;f TjtfM ;+ @)!& ;fn+ lxGb':tfg] Sjxf+ jof . sf/0fjz lh sflnkf]Ë] tfO{ts tSog . lnkf cgof kl/l:ylt g+ jfdnf:o]ln lhg+ g]kfn] t'+ Yo+s jof .Æ bl5 lnkf @)!* ;fn+ xfsg+ g]kfno\ YofDx ld;f Hjfnfb]jL wfVjfM ln;] ljxf ofgf . jln;] x] yf}sGx] on wfVjf lkg] s[i0f uNnL 5]+ 5vf bo\sfM hLjg xgf Rjgfu' b' . lh yf}sGx] () jif{ k'n]w'+sn lnRjMu' vFNxfjNxf M @)^% >fj0f @* lbj+ut, sflt{s @, @)^& ;fn

;+:s[lt

ojdwL xl//fh hf]zL g]kfnof k|flrg ;'k|l;4 dwL dWo] ojdwL g+ 5u' vM. cy];f+ Yj dwLof af/] j}lbs ;flxTo; 5'+ l;Odb' . t/ Yj dwLof jgfj6 j O{=;+= of k|f/De sfno Yj dwL of rng of e"ldsf y'ls of dxTj oft af+nfSs cg'dfg ofo]k'm . yf}+sGx] Yj dwLoft of]dwL 3of Rjg . vf; y'lsof gf+ ojdwL vM . k|flrgsfnof wfld{s Hof vFo\ oj -t5\j_ of ljlzi6 yfo\ b'u' vFg]b' . k|f/lDes j}lbs o'u+ lg;] ofl1s sfo{; j}lbs dlgliflkG;+ t5\j -oj_ oft dbo\s dufMu' sy+ gfnf tMu' vM . y's]+ g l;Ob' GXfkf Yj of]dwL oj -t5\j_ r'g]+ bo]lsu' vM wsf l;Ob' . xfg+ k|f/DeLs sfn of j}lbs Crf cyjf Cuj]bof Crf of /rgf ;Kt l;Gw' If]q cyf{t k~hfj j cg of hM vM If]qo\ h"u' ljZjf; ofgf tMu' b' . u'u' yf;o\ jf :jof t5\j jf 5\j of pTkfbg ckf] h'Ou' yfo\ vM . ps]+ CUj}lbs o'uo\ wfld{s Hof ofO{ an] ckf] ofgf jf :jof t5\j of 5]nfa'nf ckf] h'Ou' vM . kf}/fl0fs ;flxTo g+ wfld{s Hof vFo\ hfsL of 5]nf a'nf oft dxTj ljof tMu' vFg] db' . kf}/fl0fs ;flxTo+ wfld{s Hofo\ dg"t;] lkgf tMu' jf of hfsL kfv] dv' ago\ k|fs[lts j'of jof Rj+u' dfo\ kfs]h"u jf u'lsoft gLjf/ jf -k'nf+u'_ g]jf efiff gfOjf wfOu', oft x] 5]n]u' lnaM ljoftMu' vM . wfld{s Hofo\ gfOjf 5]lnu' cfM g rng b' . yy] Rjo\ GXoygfu' vF l;Ob' ls of]dwL t5f] r'+ g+ bo]lsu' vF jf+nfs l;Ob' .

Yj of]dwL v]F jfF n'Os bo]sLu' vM . Gxfkf Gxfkf Yj k[YjL ktlr+u' an cfsf/ of vM wsf dfg] oft;f+ lnkf j}1flgs to\;+ cf Yj k[YjL v]+ jfF n'u' wsf dfg] ofgf Rjg . u'u' v+ j}lbs sfnof ;flxToofg+ y'lsoft j|Dxf08 of ;+1f ljoftMu' vFoft k'li6 h'u' vFg]b' . yy] Yj dwL oft u'u' ?k+ bo]s]u' ofgf Yj j vF Rjo GXoygf y]+ v]+ jf+ ln;] Hj nfj y]+ dwLoft a|Dxf08 of kl/sNkgf ofgf tMu' :ki6 l;Ob' . Yj dwL c08fsf/ Rj] Rjfd' ;] Rjsf n" . y's]+ l;Ob' j|Dx oft n'd+sf ojdwL a|Dxf08of cfsf/] bo]sf 5u' hs Rjsf n'Osf bo]sLu' vM . cn] y's]+ Ps]Zj/jfbof l;4fGt h'of cw{ k'?if]lb|o :j?kof j|Dx of kl/sNkgf ofgf tMu' b' . ps] kfv]+ :qL j k'?if lgDx BMof pbej h'u' sy+ dfof] jfof] of lguM ttUjMu' odjwL bo]lsu' gfk+ d]lklrlrlwslk+ dg"oft, kz'k+IfL cflb of d"lt{ bo]sf wfGo k'lGx gvM xlgu' kf}/fl0fs cfVofg sy+ k/dfTdfof :qLTj j k'?ifTjof lgu' ?k kfv]+ a|Dxf08o\ ;[i6L qmd GXofu' wofu' syg sy+ gfnf oyfy{ oft Sogf tMu' vg]b' . c;f/ >fj0f+ lkgf d+l;/ dlxgf tsof b'g] kfs] h'Ou' jf jfnL wfgo k'lGx tsof b'g] b'sfo\ w'+lsu' vM . Yj x] wfGo k'lGx s'Gx' Gx"u' b'sofu' jfoft r"+ ofgf ojdwL bo]sf gvM xlgu' ofgf Rj+u' yf}+ts g+ GXofgf Rj+u' b' . Gxfkf k|flrg sfno ojdwL -oj_ t5\j of x] bo]lsu' vM . Yj lgZro vM lslnkf k"j{ kfv]+ cfo{gto yf;o jf yf}+sGx] no\kf}

29

ckf] bOu' h'of pv]+ kfv]+ hflsof r'+ g+ ojdwL bo]s]u' rng jMu' l;Ob' . Yj k'GxL s'Gx' 5]vf+ klts ojdwL kmf]+ jOlkGt 5]+ of ysfln gls+ g+ ojdwL bfg ljof 5]+ w's'6L, s'7L, wg;f/ esf/L, t]k cflb b'g] ojdwL :jygf KoGx' ts k'hf ofgf KoGx' s'Gx' lnsfOu' vM . jx] dlw ljof 5f]ow'+lk+ DXofodrf gfk+ legf drf ;sn] yM 5]F Ajgf gvTof xlgu' rng cfMg blg . ojdwL kmf]lgjn] ;sn ldn] h'of xflnu' Do]+ yy] v M æojdwL Rjfd' ps] b'g] xfs' gof :jof dfs' ljpDx Nof;] dljpDx a'l9 rfÆ k'/ftflTjs cfwf/] g]kfnof ojdwLof k|rng kfrf}F ztfAbL On+lg;] h"u' vFg]b' . yg

b]j b]jLof jif{ aGwg ofOjn] dg"to hGdf]T;j ofOjn] ojdwL n'gf cleif]s ofo]dfMu' rng Gxfkf+lg;] b' . j'+uB of /y nu+v]no\ Yolgjn] g}+Sofn n'Ojn] ojdwLg+ n'gf cleif]s ofOu' Hof cfM ts GXofgf Rj+u' b' . yg g]jfM ;dfho hGdlb+ ofOjn] ojdwL n'gf cleif]s ljOu' g+ cfMts+ Gxofgf Rj+u'b' . Yj k'ms+ v+ l;Ob' kfrf} ztfAbL jif{ aGwg cleif]s h'u' 5u' n'of jMu' b' . rfFu'gf/fo0f b]uMof jif{ aGwg ofu' Ono ojdwL cleif]s ofu' vF GXoygf tMu' b' . ps]+ ojdwL of af/] Rjo\ GXoAjofu' sy+ ojdwL a|Dxf08 of k|lts sy+ bof Rj+u' a|Dx g+ oyfy{ ;To vM wofu' k|lts h" . yy] Ps]Zj/jfb cyjf cå}tjfb of k|f?k k|f/lDes j}lbssfn+ lg;]+ b'u' lgZrLt h'u' vFg] b' .

g]kfn ;Djt !!$! Gx' bF So+u' gfk+ g]jfM dfq of gvM of]dlw k'GxL of n;tfo\ ;sn g]kfldlklg ;'v zflGt j ;d[l4of sfdgf of;]+

le+t'gf /Tgfog Hof;M k;M vdf TjfM Vjk–@ kmf]g M ^^!@^&% lhldu' k;no emfOlk+ ;sn u|fxslk+t n'ws Uof/]G6L gfk+ le+u' xfkf n"Fof lt;f Hjn+ bo]sf ljOu' jrg ljofRjgf 30

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

;+:s[lt

od/Lln;]+ :jfgfRj+u' yLyL kIf wfld{s kIf od/L d/L hs dv';]+ Yj 5u" k|tLs sy+ g+ softMu' b' . lxGb" ;d'bfo+ y'lsoft nIdL jf wgbf}ntof BM sy+ gfnftMu' b' . psy+ x] k"hf j BMoft 5fo]u' g+ ofO . wgnIdLof k|tLs sy+ od/L dfg]ofO . t/ a'4 wd{ xgLlk;+ wfM;f od/Loft rLefM BMof k|tLs sy+ gfnftMu' b' . r}To sy+ Yj od/Loft yLyL sy+ bLIff sfo]u' Ono\ h'Ou' bLIffk"hf j cfudo\ dfoM afoM jf df+ af sy+ dfg] ofgf Gx\oAjo]u' ofgfRj+u' b' . a'4 wd{ jf lxGb" wd{ lgu'ln+ wd{ b'g] u'x\ok"hf ofo]u' Ono\ od/Loft Gx\oMAjo]u' rng b' . od/L k'lGxs'Gx' yMlklg w's'ltO 5fOu' od/Loft KoGx' ts lnsfOdv' . lGxof lGxy+ k"hf ofgftO . tMUjo]s 5'gfM 5fOu' oMd/L lgDxTok" sy+ df+ j af jf dfoM afoM wsf woftMu' b' . KoGx' lnkf :jf+ Sjsfo] w'+s g+ y'lsoft gOdv' . u+sfM gr'sf r'+ Nx'ofM a'Nrf bfo]s hs gO . BMyfo\ 5fOu' oMd/LO wfM;f GofuM jf Gxo\uM kf+ dYof h'Os lsuM tofM 5'ofM BMoft 5fO . ljZj a|Dxf08of k|tLs nM, kmo\, ld jf clUg, rf j vfln efu sy+ GofuM lsuM to]u' ofgftMu' vM . a'lb+ xg]u' Ono\ Sjvfo]sLu' od/LO g+ rfs' dtM;]+ lsuM hs tO .

s[i0f k|hfklt

;f+:s[lts kIf Gx"u' 5]F bg]j+ kln+ od/L t'Os]u' rng b' . cfM lnkf lnkf hs yy] od/L 5'Ot yfs'u' sf/0f+ n8\8" t'Os]u' rng jMu' vM . od/L t'nf s't' jn wfM;f pu' kf} lrg]u' Hof tfM nfMu' tfo]sL . a}1flgs ?k+ g+ yy] kf}of :n'k uf ls dufM wsfM :jo]u' Nofv+ g+ od/L t'Os]u' Hof ofgftMu' h'OdfM wsfM ;+:s[ltljb\ cf]d wf}ef/L+ sgflbn . lgbF, KobF, v'bF, RofbF, lembF j lem+lgbF ofgfM kf+You' bFo\ a'lb+ xg]u' Ono\ g+ drfoft oMd/L Sjvfo]sL . j+ od/L gO . rfs' dtMu' oMd/L go] vgf no\tfO . Yj g]jfMto\ df}lns ;+:s[lt vM . lem+lgbF lnkf j tMlws h'n wsfM cy] od/L Sjvfo]sL dv' . Dx\ofo\drf laof 5\jo] w'+sfM drf Kjfyo\ bOu' Ono\ g+ rfs' gs]u' Nofv+ joft drf a'O 5jfM lgjfM Gx\oM od/L tofM x] Ejo\ gs] o+sL . yM5]Foflk;+ cy] Ejo\ Hj/] ofgf od/L tofM gs] o+sLu' Ono\ g+ !)* uM od/L to]dfM wfO . t/ cfM wfM;f RofuM hs tof o+s]u' rng b' . pu' Ono\ d]of 5\oF, nf j nflk gfk+ wf} tof o+sL . u'ly kj{o\ g+ od/L bo]sf o+s]u' rng b' . cfM g+ yLyL u'lyO Yj rng blg . cKjM y]+ g]jfMto\ u'ly Ejo\ od/L k'lGxof hMvM x] h'O . cy] h'of g+ od/L bo]sf u'ly Gofo]s]u' rng b' . lnkf yf}+sGx] no\kf}

31

cf] 5kf+ rfo]sn;f pu' cf] g+ lrkf h'h'+ jg . drf a'Ow'+sfM jf lshf k"hf ofOu' Ono\ oMd/L tofM yM5]Fo\ lshf k"hf ofgf lnxf+ jo] w'+sf pDx Dx\ofo\drfoft xfsg+ pu' lshfk"hfofu' s" :jof+ lgb'u+ bo]sf od/LO av'+rf rv'+rf h'sfM l;Gsf+ ltofM g+ /+uLg od/L b]dfo\ tofM xfg+ lns" to] o+s]u' rng b' . yM5]Foflk;+ Ajo] o+sLu' od/L wfM;f cg gOdv' . zf] kL; sy+ AjoftO . pu' Ono\ yM5]Fo\g+ 5' 5' xOu' vM plsof lgb'u+ lgb'u+ lnt o+s]dfM wOu' rng b' . P]ltxfl;s kIf g]jfMt s[ifs ;d'bfo vM . Gxfkf km'Ss+ x] s[lif k]zfo\ hs lge{/ h'ofRj+u' Ono\lg;]+ x] od/L 5'gf go]u' rng b'u' vM . g]jfMto\;+ a'+Hof ofo] ;M;flg;]+ x] yy] od/L 5'gf go]u' rng ;'? h"u' vM . pls dWo] g+ ;sl;t+ oMu' d/L sy+ x] y'u' Rjfd'F;] Rj+s bo]sLu' d/Loft od/L wfo]u' ofgftMu' vM . g]jfM ;d'bfo b'g] d/Lr/L hs ro\lgtf lh b' wfO . pls dWo] g+ lg+u', ;fMu' j :jo]ano\ g+ af+nf;] Rj+u' d/L od/L vM . d/L dWo] Gxfkf+ bo]s];Mu' d/L d't'd/L wfO . jof+ lnkf od/Lof :yfg jn . d't'd/L lshfk"hfof Ono\ n's]t j a'lb+of Ono\ n's]t 5\onLu' vM . od/Lof b'g] xfDjM j rfs' uf+Ss tofM bo]sLu' h'ofM g+ Kjr'+ jf hflsr'+ gfk+ NjfSj5\ofgf go]u' Ono\ Yj d/L t;s+ x] ;fOu' d/L vM . g]jfMto\;+ tfM O{of cWoog ofgfM Yj d/L bo]s"u' vM . lsjbGtL sy+ Gxfkf Gxfkf kf~rfn wOu' yfo\ klGtO s]zrGb| wfMDx 5Dx bfgjL/ a}:o 32

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

b'u' h'ofRjg . jofu' bfgof avfg GogfM 5Gx' wgof b]jL s'a]/ km\jlu+of ?ko\ jofu' nfl5O Yo+s jg . yMu' nfl5O jMDx]l;t j+ 5]Fo\ b'g] x] AjgfM Gx"u' j;M k'+sfM ;fu' le+u' gs]u' ‰jno\ od/L g+ gsn . ;+of]ua; j km\j+lu h'ofM k/LIff sfMj+u' lbg od/L k'lGxs'Gx' nft . j no\tfof yMu' jf:tljs ?ko\ kl/0ft h'n . od/L j tMl; 5uM g+ yMlklgu' w's'ltO tofM KoGx' ts k"hf ofgf to]t s'a]/+ s]zrGb|oft ph+ h'n . wfMy]+ x] s]zrGb|+ pu' ljlw k"j+s KoGx' lnkf :jMu' Ono\ j od/L n'Fofu' x] h'of Rjg j lnkf lnkf j emg emg x] bfgjL/ ;fx' h'ofjn wfO . s]zrGb|+ t;nf+ w's'ltO tk'oftMu' oMd/L n'F h"u'ln+ x] cfM g+ g]jfM ;dfho\ oMd/L k'lGxs'Gx' jf wfGok"l0f{df s'Gx' klGtof wg]Zj/ BOs] jgfM od/L k'lGx xg]u' rng b' . gfk+ yM yMu' w's'ltO od/L 5fofM k"hf g+ ofo]u' rng b' . Vjko\ oMd/L k'lGxof lb+oft sof 5u" sxfjt g+ b' . Vjkof 5u" t;s+ ul/a s[ifs kl/jf/o\ drfvfrfto\;+ yM df+ca'lk+t od/L go] dfn wsfM od/L k'lGx 5Gx' Gx\oM sHof ofgfRjg . drfto\;+ df+ca'lk+t srsr ofgfRj+u'ln+ Old Gx\oM x] djn . pDx Hofk' ;'yo\ Gxfkf+ bgfM klGtO yM kf;fofyfo\ Yo+s Gofl; jgfM jf Tofgf xofM pu' jf+ hfls ;'ofM, xfsg+ hfls SonfM Kjr'+ ofgfM pu' Kjr'+ HjgfM 5]Fo\ jofM 5]Fo\ Yo+s drfvfrft bgfM dju' Ono\ oMd/L 5'of a's] w'+sn wfO . Yj blR5of x] bSsno\ tfMxfs"u' rf vM . pls+ oMd/L k'lGxs'Gx' Bg] dufDx dg" j Hof k'lGx cyf{t\ h]7of knfFlt

k'lGxs'Gx' Hof ofo] dufDx dg" uAn]+ x] ;'v ;Ldv' wOu' rng b' . ;flxlTos kIf ps'Gx' ;'yo\ Gxfkf+ bgfM ;kmf ofgfM DjM Nx'ofM od/L 5'ofM TjfM Tjfno\ Rj+lk+ u0f]B j lkvfnv'O od/L 5fo]o+sL . ps'Gx' hf dgM;+] Ejo\ gO . alh ln;]+ od/L go]u' t;s+ HjgL . hf ln;]+ od/L wfM;f HjgLdv' . nf, sfpln j nfef tofM n'd's lgefno\ RjgfM od/L gO . ;lgnkfv] TjfM Tjfno\ d:t d'gfM od/L k'lGxof Do] xfnfM od/L km\jF jgL . oMd/L k'lGxof ;flxlTos kIf g+ pln x] Sjft" . vo\ a|Dx'to\ cfM b]p;L e}nf] wsfM yLyL sy+ bf+ j cGg d'lgy]+ g]jfMto\ Gxfkflg;]+ x] Do] xfnfM od/L km\jg]u' rng b' . cAn] Do] g+ :jo+:km"t{ ?k+ xfnLu' vM . 5u" w'jf sy+ x] hs …ToMl5+ ToM, Ajs l5+ ToM, nftfkftf s'n]rf+ h':;]+ ToM . Ao"Dx Nof;], dlapDx l;lts'lt a'/LÚ af]n NxfO . t/ nFo\ jFj+ x] ug 5' 5' ns; tof/ h'O psy+of Do] bo]sf xfn]u' ofO . Yj 5u" Nofv+ yf}sGx] vo\ ;d'bfono\ bf]x/L xflny]+ x] tTsfn Do] bo]sfM Do] xfnLu' O{ vM . 5u" Nofv+ cfz'sljTj cg k|s6 h'O . g]jfMto\ lem+lgu" x] Ct' Do] b' . nf nf klts+ km/s Do] xfnL . Do] xfMu' tl/sf j af]nkfv]+ g+ 5' Ct' jofRjg wOu' ;LbO . ;flxTo j kj{ gfk+ ;f+:s[lts Vono\ g]jfMto\ tMw+u' cf:yf b' . hf]tfxf+ Gx\ofSjM x] b'Mv l;of sd] ofgf jf

afnL k'n] o+s";f+ tN;Lg jf a'y'jfn+ dv'u' jf nftfkftf s'n]rf+ h':;]+ bfgf sfOu' ;fdGtL j zf]if0fo'Qm ;dfhof vF pu' od/L k'lGxs'Gx' od/L km\jg]t lkg] rfMlxnLu' Ono\ xfn]u' ofgftMu' j yMt lapDx h";f Nof;] dlap;f l;lts'lt a'/L wsfM /fhdtL s'dlt Do] y]+ s'dlt t/ lhs] jM;f lk/lt wfOy]+ x] Yj 5u' /;/+u+ hfMu' Do] vM . yy] od/L gfk+ ;flxlTos kIf g+ Sjft's x] :jfgfRj+u' vg]b' . dgf]a}1flgs kIf x/]s df};do\ Gofo]sLu' yLyL sy+of g]jfMto\ gvM rvM km'Ss+ x] wOy]+ Ct' gfk+ ldn] ofgf xgf jofRj+u' vg]b' . VjfpFof lxO;] RjgLu' k';of df};do\ nfOu' Yj od/L k'lGxof Ono\ g+ dgf}a}1flgs ?k+ yMlk+t SjfMu' dx;'; ofs]t km'/{ km'/{ xf jMu' SjfMSjfMu' od/L go]ano\ u'ln dHhf jOu' vM . a}zfv h]7of Ono\ x] pu' od/L go]u' vt wfM;f emLs] udL{ cKjM h'ofM Gxfl; jO . pls+ nfef, kfn', kn+rf gfk gfk+ x] Yj rfs' b'u' od/L k'; dlxgf+ go]u' ofgftMu' vM . ly;nf k'lGx jf ly+nf k'lGx g+ wfMu' Yj od/L k'lGxof Ono\ kfo\l5 df};dL g;f sy+ x] Yj go]u' ofgftMu' t;s+ af+nfM . rfs'+ emLu' z/L/oft dfMu' tfk, rfk j /fk laofM zlQm k|bfg ofO . drf a'Os]t Kjfyo\ RjgLu' Ono\ j drf a'Ow'+sf g+ rfs' gsLu' sf/0f g+ Yj x] vM . O{ sy+ NjMu' kj{ j lj1fg ;Ddt g+ h"u'ln+ Yj kj{ 5u" t;s+ kfo\l5 g]jfM kj{ x] vM .

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

33

;+:s[lt

d'lQmgfy ofqfof n'dlGt Nof #

wL/h cdfTo

-wf/fjflxs lkygf Rjgfu'lnO k|fljlws sf/0f+ ljro TjM lkmpu'ln+ y'u' c+o\ lksofu' h'n_ lxGb" j af}¢ wdf{jnDjLto\ lyly sy+of ;+:s[lt gfkgfk+ hfqf kj{ xg]u' rng b"u' h'n . cy]x] t'+ cg dfkmf{of yf;o\ g+ ysfnLto\u' 5tf la:s+hfMu' hfqf xgf+Rj+u' Ono\ lhlkF y]g . j g+ lem+lgbFof hfqf xF . j hfqfof 5'+ g+ vF lhld;F ;Ls] dk'm . Gxfkf 5Dx]l;g+ sF y]+ lem+lgbFof hfqf wsfMhs l;n . pln cKjM 5'g+ + d:o";f+ hfqf g+ :jo]vg . j hfqfo\ lem+Dxlt yLyL pd]/oflkF hfqfn'to\ 5]+go\ t'o'u' sfkt+ a]tfln j ukto\ tfMxfsu' sfkt+ lxgf+tMu' cn] DxF y'/y'/ vfsfM Nxflt+ aMrfxfsu' slyrf Hj+gftu' b' . j slyrfo\ e'o"l;+gM j Dxf;'l;+gM ltsfM :jfFof sflrgf tMu' v+g] b' . OlkF NxfMgfk+ DxF vfgfRj+u' v+an] lxGb"to\ df]xgL gvMan] rfn+s'Gx" lkxfF j}u' kfof]Mhfqf y]+ Rj+ . zfob cy]x]of x] hfqf vMnf w}y]+ g Rj+g . cg hfqfof x"n ayf+ gfkgfk+ Nof;] Nofo]DxFt d'gf+Rj+u' v+g]b' . ;lS;u'+ Vjfno\ xiff]{Nnf; j pdË pnfRj+u' b' . Nof;] j Nofo]DxFt kmof+kmtn] yMyu' e]ife';f+ hfMu' j;Mt lkmgf+ ememM wfo]s km]zg gfkgfk+ j}+z g+ s]+gfRj+u' v+g]b' . z]/rg hflt 5tf ;"/f j wgfWolkF g+ vM . Old;F yLyL nhufno\ knfMtofRj+u' b' . yLyL Hofof a~hf j ko{6gkfv]+ NxfMtof jofRj+lk+ hflt vM . kf]v/f j o]oF f 7d]nkfv] Oldu' xf]6n b' cn] 34

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

kj{tf/f]x0fof Hofo\ efnfsofMRj+u' . z]/rg t dWo]o\ plts+ nf]sX+ jflkF lgDx b' . 5Dx slj e"lk z]/rg j d]Dx+ ;u/dfyf cf/f]xL vM dLgaxfb'/ z]/rg . pd]/ Gxo]vb' oF f HofyMDx dLgaxfb'/F ;g\ @)!& go\ xlndo\ bSjl;a] tMhfu' Rjfk'uo+' f Rjo]Yo+sf lnxf+jDx lslt{dfgL d+g" vM . dfkmf{of j hfqf lhlkF Rj+gfj}u' a;\of GXof]g];+ y]g]j+ hfqfn'to\;F 5v]nLt Nxft+ efo]oft . Old;F cy] efo]ofu' v+sf 8«fO{e/F a;\oft 5v] GXofsf lbsn, hfqfo\ jMlkF ;n;+ dg"to\\t nF Tjtflan . cn] lhlkF ;sn]+ a;o\ uof yMyu' l;6o\ Rj+jgf . hfqfo\ jMlkF dg"to\t nF Tjtf a;\ d'lQmgfykfv]/ GXoft . a;\ GXofhs GXoft df};d g lxn, Vjfp+;] Rjgf+ jMan] a;\of bSj ‰ofM ltgf+5\jn . eltrf n+sf jf g k'm??/ jn . GXofgfRj+u' a;o\ ;lS;g+ hj b]kfkfv] ldvf Ajof nFo\ :j:j+ jgfRj+g . dfkmf{ k'n]j+ hf]d\;f]d\ yfo\of Wjfvf v+g]bt . Wjfvf k'nf hf]d\;f]d\of ahfno\ y]+g . cg ahfno\ tt+w+u' k;Mt , xf]6]n j 6«feN;t b' . j x] yf;o\ 6's'r] hf]d\;f]d\ Pc/kf]6{ tfkfs+ x] v+g] bt . jof GXØf]]g] :ofª gfFof ufF y]+g Yj yfo\ ;d"b| ;tn+ @^@) ld6/ Rjo\nfM . d'lQmgfy kfv]/ GXofgfRj+u' a;\ hf]d;f]do\ Yog . cg dfkmf{o\ l;a]g+ afaf+nfMu' j ttMw+u'

k;Mt g vg] bt . ljb]zLt k;M klts+ bgfM Gofo]sfo] ofgfRj+u' vg . j yfo\ 6'l/i6o\u' Rjg]u' lrlrrfw+u' xf]6]nt j /]i6'/]G6 Olnln+ b' . 6's'r], hf]D;f]d\of Pc/kf]6{ g tfkfs+ vg]+ bt . cg x]lnsK6/ j xjfO{hxfht lbsftMu' g+ vg] b' . lhlkF ahfMof rxMkxM :j:jF :ofª wfMu' yf;o\ Yo+g]j+ a;\ lbsn . j yfo\ ;d'b| ;txof @^@) ld6/ Rjo\nfM . a;\ lbs]w'g]j+ z]ifgf/fo0fF bSjl;t a;+ s'xf+jo\t efo\oft . a;\of 5to\Rj+u' ;lS;u' emf]nft Sjsfn . :ofª wfMyfo\ ts hs a;\ j+ . cg+lnkf v'l;of Bf]g]of tf, k'nfM Gofl;j+g]dfM . cn] d]u' ;jf/L uofM d':tfË lhNnfof sfua]gL jg]t cg+ hLk uo]dfM. lhlkF ;sn]+ z]ifgf/fo0fof No'No' yyMu' emf]nft HjHj+ jgf . 5u" lranfMu' v'l; v+g]bt . j v'l;of Bf]g] l;+of tf+ bo]sftMu' b' . :ofª wfMu' yfo\ k'n]t j tf+ k'n]dfM . lhlkF ;Sn]+ lem+Gofu' ldg]6lg Gofl;jgf . yf+ju' lrAofu« nFk'of hjvj+ /f8L, Eofo]lrof to\Fg yfgf+tu' :jL6/t ldoftMu' b' cy]x] d]u' k;no\ b'?VjM j u+u' :ofpof ;'s'l6 ldoftMu' g vgf . cg+ lem+Gofu' ldg]6lt Gof;]jg]+ w'+sf 5u" af}¢ u'Daf bo]sfRj+u' yf;o\ y]+g cg yf;o\ tuMdl5 hLk ufl8t lbsf tMu' b' . j yf;+ hLk uofM jgls sfua]gL y]lgO . lhlk+ cg y]g]+j z]ifgf/fo0f hLk l/he{ ofo]t oftfoft ;ldltO jg . hLk uo]dTo]lgu' h'of cg ahfno\ ldoftMu' b'?VjM j :ofpof ;'s'l6 GofMh'n . Rof k;no\ b'?Rof 5u" skof :jLGoftsf k'n]dfM, lys] bFof ;jfn x] db' lrs'u' yf;o\ dTj+;] dufM cy]h'of lh lt/Ldo\h' j dn]h' :jDx]l;g+ :j+u'sk Rof Tj+gf . eltrf n+sf lhldu' GXof]g] :j+uM hLkt lbs]xn . 5uno\ lemDxof b/+ :juno\ :jLDx

sf]lrgf+ sfua]gL kfv] o+sn . sfua]gL jgLu' 5lt+ x] af+nfu' n+ dv'lg :jM :jM yfo\ ufMof ufM hs . plsl;g+ tAofu' v'l;+of l;y+ jg]dfu' . Vjfp+;]Rj+u' kmo\ lXjlXj+ ld+s AjofRj+u' h'of hLkof ‰ofM ltOdfn . cy] ‰ofM To"an] hLko\ b'g]Rj+lkG; NxfMu' ;f;n+ Gxfo\s+‰ofMno\ ;f;Mof afkm+ lkg]+ 5'+ g vg]dGt . kfn+kf Nxft+ afkm x'of lkg]v+s] dfn . lkg]wf;f rs+yfo\ :jM:jMyfo\ GXofOk',b'g]wf;f sf]rfsf]r cn] ps';\d's';\ g+ . hLkof rfns g+ gRrf NofDxltlgDx+ d'Nofxf kxMjMDx+ . Dx't"+ ;'lnk|k' :6]l/ª rflxsf hLk AjfsfRj+g . af+dnfu' nFo\ ufl8 AjfsfRj+u' vgf lhF j}t eltrf a'n'x'F g' wofan] jF lhtM VofMal5 gLal5 ofgf wfn–æcg sfua]gL+ Kof;]~h/ lkofRj+u' b' yy] dAjfs";f hLnf Û Ono\ y]Gsf lnxf+jo\ dflg====.Æ lhu' vFof j}u' phf]u' ln;M Go]gf lh hs dv' d]lk+g Dx't'O wf}lkmgf Rj+g . phf]Dx]l;tM d]u' wfo]u' vF x] dn't . jF xf]lzof/L k"j{s+ ufl8 rno\ofgf+ Rj+;f lhldu' g'uno\ UofMlrs'+ dTjMt' . bfgwd{ ofo]t jgflkF h'of ;xofgf+ Rj+g]dfn . hf]d;f]d+ sfua]gL+ lem+Gofu' lsnf]ld6/ tfkfM,5u«" 3f} aLt ;GofO{of GofMtfno\ uofu' hLk v'tfno\ Yof]+an] Vo'+Vo' wfn . hLk+ Sjxf+jof ltlg+ ;s\l;u' g g'uno\ zfGt lk|fKth'n . lguM hLkof rfns uhf]Dx nft ;Ls] dk'mt . lhldu'' ayf+ sfua]gL y]g+, cg+ emg lrSs';] Rj+g ;lS;g sfrfsfrf+ yMlk;+ xMu' hfs]6t lkmt . :jL6/ 5kf5kfMnf lkmgf+ x] jMu' h'n . cg y];]+ln hfs]6 dˆo';] duft . sfua]gLof lnSS;+Rj+u' ;f+lu|nf xf]6]no\ afo\ Rj+g]t o+sn . ;snoft Sjyfof Aoj:yf lglt+ z]ifgf/fo0f+ nFo\ jj+ xf]6]nof ;fx"oft yf}+sGx] no\kf}

35

df]afOn+ a"s ofo]w'+s'u' h'of cy] ck's Rj+g] vg . cg+ rlR5 afo\Rj+gf ;'yo\ d'lQmgfy Bf] bz{g ofo]u' Hof h'O wsfM lhldt s+g . xf]6]nof naL y]g]j+ ;lS;t Rof Tj+s]xn . Rof Tjg] w'+sf Sjyf klt+s lgu' a]8o\ lgDx lgDx+ b]g]u' h'n . lgDxltk" jlkGt 5u"hs a]8 . lhu' u|"ko\ wfM;f GofDx+ nft, cy]h'of lh lgu"u' a]8of by'O{ tMhfo]s nf;f nfoflan . k]Dx+ld;flkGt lgu" a]8 h'n . ;f+lu|nf xf]6]nof b'g] c+uM, :jxfg], vfkft g+ l;+ hs bo]sftMu' vlg+ . cgyf;] bSjw}y]+ l;+ofu' hs xf]6]nt vM . lah'ln dt RofM;f+ e't'nL g+ l;+ x] 5]lnu' vM . 5fo\wfM;f+ lrs'u" yfo\h'of l;+of /fk+ Sj7fo\ n'd'sL . sfua]gLO hf]d;f]dof l;a]g+ cKjM lrs', ;d'b| ;txn+ @*)) ld6/ Rjo]nf . bSj w}y]+ yMyu' Sjyfo\ jgf nf;f kmf+uf j yMyMu' emf]nf yf;o\ tofM emf;" n+sn . lhldu' Sjyfof ‰ofn+ sfua]gL v'l; GXofgf+Rj+u' ;M af+nfs tfo]b' . Vjfp+s kmo\ jofRj+u'ln+ vfkf rfo]sf to\ dk'm cy]h'of Sjyfo\ lah'ln Rofsf tMu' b' . cg yyMu' Sjyfo\ ;lS;t g+ 5u"u' 3f}lt emf;" sfo]s] w'g+]j axgLl;of a]ln ofo]t Sjyf klt+s ;"r+ y]+sn . lhldt g+ ;""r+ jn ,cn] lhlk+ GofDx+ ;Mt'u' yf;o\ j+gf . s'g]Rj+u' efG;fo\ jgf cg e't'Sjyf oRr' lkr'Uu' vlgO . l;+ofu«' 6]an d]ro\ so\+e' j Vjnf klts+ hf go]t k]tfGoftf kl/sf/t Ajoftn . d]ro\ RjgfM 6]ano\ toftMu' yf;o\ ˆot'gf KjfMhfo]s n'w+s go]w'g]j+ xfsg+ Sjyfo\ jgf . lrs';]Rj+u'ln+ Sjyfof vfkfltgf k]Dx+ ld:to\ sGxo\ ;'yo\ sfua]gL v'l;O >fWbofo]t dfMdfu' lk08Hjn+t gfkgfk+ d'lQmgfy Bf]oft k"hfofo]t k"hf Hjn+t ldn]oft . lh 5Dx wfM;f 36

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

5' dof;] h'of Old;+ ofMofMy] :jofRj+gfDx]l;t yy]Rjgf NxfMKjlr+gf dlhn w}u" dtL jn cn] lh Sjyf+ lkxf+jof xf]6]nof ;fx"ofs] snd 5k" j Rjo]t vflnu' ef]+ dfn wsfM sfMjgfan] lhtM snd 5k" lan t/ sflk wf;f d?u' h'of yMu' 8fo/Lof vflnu' kfgft x] k]kfMlt lnsof lhu' dfu k'/]oft . xf]6]nof naL yMlklgu' u|"kof NofDxrft GXofOk' 5\Øfo]t tDtof/ h'ofRj+u' lh+ vgf . plkFnf laqmd ;+atof Go" Oc/ O{e dfg]ofo]t Do]+ xfn]To+lk vlg+ . lh yM wfM;f Do]+ xfn]wfn]ls UofMDx cy]h'of lh cg dRj+;] ;'d's :jxfg] uofM Sjyfo\ jgf . lh Sjyfo\ b'xf+jgfan] 5u' a]8o\ dfF DXofo\ lgDx+ j d]u' a]8o\ dn]hD' x j leGrfdo\h' –lhDx lt/Ldo\h' lgd{nf l;nv+ Go]of b]g+] w's + n vlg+ . Olk+ b]gw] s +' u' ' vgfM lhtM kfo]l5 tfn . 5fo\wfM;f+ lhF cg Rjgf 5'F 5tf Rjo]wsf dtL tofu' h'n . cn] yM ofsMlru' nf;fo\ Rj+gf l;nv+ kmfof cfM 5' Rjo]dfln wsfM lgkfNxfMg+ skfno\ lbsfRj+gfan] d'lQmgfy ofqf laifo Rjo]u' dtL jn . qfo\s;"6 lkmgf+ n'd'u' nf;fof Bg] 5flt+r'of Dx+ 3f]+:ofsf hgkmfto\ Vjft"u' l;nv+ ukto\ ts Tjk'O w'g]+j d'lQmgfy Bf] n'd+sf xf]6]nof u'?Ë;fx"g+ laofxu' 8fo/Lof kfgfo\ ofqfof vF Rjo]t Gxfkf+ >L u0f]z Rjof . k]+u' Gofu' Wjhs Rjo\ l;wn . Sjyfof vfkfo\ 3f/f3f/f ofMjn . cn] lh tLhs l;nM rLsf bgf vfkf rfo]sf an] n'vfo\ ofqfof Gx]n'jf z]if dx{hgoft vgf . vfkf rfo]sy+ lhtM j lGxnf VofM kxn+ wfn – æsf :jMsf Yj bfh'nf u'ln hs snfM Tjt]dk'mDx vlg+ Û s'g]+ bSj emL kf;flkF j doh'lk+ Go" Oc/;{ O{e dfg]ofgfRj+g l5 5Dx+ wfM;f efph' Tjt]dfnL

wsfM ;'lknfRj+gfu'nf < yy]nf kfo]l5 dh'n lg, sf sf emf;+ =====.Æ z]if dxh{gof vF Go+gf lhu' Vjf Xofp+n . jF wfMu' VofMvF wsf lhF y" . j}u' vF k'mSs+ kfo]l5 dh";f+ g cy] d'gf+Rj+ yfo\ yM5Dx hs cg db'an] GXofd]l;g+ g cy] VofMofgf wfOu'nf :jefljs x] h'n . cn] d:o" kxMofgf wof– æcxf]===lhFnf l;x]d:o"sf efO Û cy] x] vM;f lh hs 5fo\ dj}n] < g' g' emf;+===Æ wof sfrfsfrf+ kfOG6 GXofgf cn] hfs]6 g lkmgf j}u' No'No' j+gf . wfy]+ x] nlaO bSj w}y]+ d'gf+ GXofOk'sf Rj+u' vlg+O . k]Dx GofDx ld;fdrft gfk+ d]lk+ ld:t g cg vgf . ldhFt nf bSj x] cg, lh 5Dx hs Sjyfo\ nft vlg+ w}u' dtL g n't . lhtM ;tfMo+sf Oldu' by'O yg] xan] yMyDx] lh 5Dx e]no\ dk'Dx y]+ h'Odfn Olk+ ;lS;u' GXof]g] . sf=== l5 ofsMrf hs Sj7fo\ Rjg]+ dlhn . yg jof emL ;sn]+ d'gf Gx" bFof ;GWof dfg]ofo] vg . Yj 5tf emLu' lglt+ tw+u' n'dlGt vMlg . l5t 5' oM lao/, lXjl:s j jfO{g\ elk===.Æ 5Dx]l;g+ co]nfv+ hfMu' lunf; NxftL b'Dx]l;g lhtM wfn . t/ lh pano] cNsf]xn 5'+ g sofM dt}Dxh'of lhF lgkfNxf Hj/]ofgf+ yy] wof–æ:jbF k]bF lg;]+ cNsf]xn Tjtft}u' vM cy]h'of lhF l5s\lkF ;sngfk Ifdf ˆjg]+ . l5s\lklg elkof lb;F .Æ lhF cy] wfo]l;w]sf 5Dx]l;g lht wfn–æ sf co];f Djfn . yg emL;+ GXofOs]ku' o' f lglt+ ;MlkG; d]+ xfn]u' d;MlkG;+ afvF sg]uo' f Hof‰j h'ofRj+g . cfM l5 5'so\ Ajlt sofbLu' vM d] xfnfbLu' nfls afvF sgf+bLu' vM, 5tf Ajlt sofbL dfn .Æ Ho", lh d]+ xfn]nf d;M t/ afvF 5tf sg]+df;f

;M wofan] lhtM kLsf 5Dx lh l;a]g HofyMof kfM lg l;wn ls lhu' kfMj} wsf wfn . lh l;a]g+ HofyMDx l;u' gfF sdn k|wfg vlg+ . jo\sn+ g]kfMof uf+of 5yfo\of vF GXofOk's sgf+bL w'g]j+ lhu' kfM jn . cn] lhF yMu' vF sg]+ GXoM 5tf vF lg 5'gf+ wof –ælhu' v+ l5lSkGt kTofM dh'O{ km' .Æ lhF cy] vF 5'gfan] d]lkG;+ yy] wfn –æHo' Ho' GXofy] h";f+ Ho" Gxfkfnfs Gog] lg dfn . GXofu' h";f+ Go]gf+ GXofOk's]u' nf vM . cy]h'of sgf+lb; l5u' vFÆ wfn . cn] lhF vF lksof s+gfo]+sf–æ ylg+ VjL :jbF lt GXof]M lh ef/tof pQ/ k|b]zof agf/;o\ a/fa/ j+g]df . lhld 5Dx+ yMnfDx]l;of ef]6flx6L lstfa k;M b' . pan] lstfat\ 5fk]ofo]t agf/;o\ jg]dfM. lstfa 5fk]ofo]of x'lg+ lh g+ cg jg]dfn . cy]h'of lh pv]kfv]/ a/f]a/ jg] dfnfRj+g . blR5of lgsM :jsM jg]df lstfa 5fk]o] ofsf l;wo]sf jo]an] nfnf+ lat]h" . cy];fg+ dj+;] dufM . cg Rj+tn] oSj lxGbL l;g]df :jo\ vF . cn] Hof l;dwMtn] pv]+y'v]+ rflxn] g vF . ;'yo\of Ono\ sfzL ljZjgfy dxfBf] bz{g ofMjg]u' . sfzLof dxfb]uno\ tRj+s le8 h'ofRj+lgu' x"nd"no\ b'xf+jg]df . cn]ltlg dxfBf]lnË bz{gofo] v+lgu' x"no\ b'xf+dj+s bz{gofo] wsfM jfsfM g to]DjfM . phf]u' h'Ou' cg . a/f]a/ bz{g ofMjg]u' qmdo\ 5Gx" lh x"nof by'Onfgf Rj+an] lhgfk 5Dx tMlwsDx t'Ou' nFMlkmgfDx dg"gfk lhu' Dx+ j}t, j}u' Dx+ lht £jfQ''dt' £jfgfRj+g . cy] tfpts h'ofg Bf]of GXof]g] y]Gs] dk'man] c+g x"nd'no\ lhgfk bgf+ bz{g ofMjMDx ;'h'O wsf yo]s 5\Øf]+ NXjgf+:jofan] lh yfx|f Nx'Odfn . j dg" yf}+sGx] no\kf}

37

ldvflgkf+ tLl;gf+ kfMNxf lgkfto\ Bf]oft 5fo]t xMu' Jjxtf HjgfM x"no\ £jfQ'£jfsfRj+Dx dg" nf lxGbL l;g]dfof ;"k/:6f/ cldtfe aRrg vlg+O . lhtM nf j cldtfe aRrg wsfM l;Oj+ lhu' Dxo\ sy+ ;" y]+ h'of Dx 5Dx x;+d;+ h'n . jF lhtM :j g d:j . Dx g :o"u' dv' . lhtM hs cy]h'n j}t 5' g 5' . lhF Dx;Lw'+sf j}t eltrf l5+sf aL dfn wsfM d]lk+ bz{gfly{ to]t yMu' Dx+ lygf+an] cldtfekfv]/ eltrf x"n Dxf] h'n . cn] j ;'t'Ssld+s Bf]of yfo\ GXof]g] jg+ . lh wf;fM

j x] x"nof by'O nfgf+Rjg Bf]of GXof]g] dYof]lg . eltrf lnkfltlg kfMjn Bf] lyof lkg] jgfan] cg k;Noft æcldtfe cf /xf x} wsf xfnfRjg . t/ j wf;f jof g lkxfjg] w's"Mu' d:o'lg . vfln cf /xf x} wsf hs xfnfRj+g==== .Æ–wsf lhF d'lQmgfy sfua]gLof xf]6]no\ d'gf+Rj+lkGt yMu' Dx+ j cletfeof Dxo\ £jfQ'dt' £jfu' vF sgfan] OlkF ;snl;g+ lh+ sgfu' v+ Go]gf+ ;sn]+ tfHh'a h'of GXofOk' tfo]sn .

;+j]bgf hGd lj=;+= @))) k'if @#

d[To' lj=;+= @)&& cflZjg @^

:j= eujfg /Tg t'nfw/ y'u' nokf} of cfhLjg b'hM h'of lbODx efh' t'nfw/ cfsfemfsf+ db'u'ln+ db'Dx l;ofu' cfTdf ;'vfjlt e'jg;+ jf; nfo]df wsf sfdgf ofo] b'Mv+ sMlk+ 5]+ hMlk+;+ w}o{ wf/0f ofo] kmo] dfn wsfM larfM xfo]sfu' h'n .

yf}+sGx] kl/jf/ 38

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

vFUjM Dx;Ls] d"n zAb

pRrf/0f

vo\ efo\

c+u|]hL

tfounl;

tfouMl;

hu/sf] ljp

palm seed

tfhfo]

tfhfo] -tMhfo]_

ulx/f] x'g'

depth

tfoltlt

tfoltlt

lx+8fO{ -jfn efiffdf_

walk (in baby language)

tfon

tfoM

3fF6Ldf nufpg] ;'gsf] uxgf

tradi!onal golden locket

tfn

tfM

tfNrf

a lock

tfn

tfM

tfn lbg] jfhf

a !ming cymboels

tfnrf

tfMrf

;fFrf] -rfjL_

key

tfo]

tfo]

sf6\g]

to cut/ to chop

tfo]

tfo]

;'Gg] ->j0f_

hearing power

tf;'

tf;'

>j0f

hearing

tfxfn

tfxfM

;k{

snake

tfxfsn

tfxfsM

nfdf]

long

tfnt'n

tfnt'n

c:yfO{ dd{t 6fn6'n

temporary repair

tfgfb]j

tfgfBM

cw{l;lNn

half mad

tfgfHon

tfgfHo

nf];] kf+u|]÷Njf+u], xl/ n7s

sluggish, worthless stupid person

tfo]

tfo]

7f]Sg] -lsnf sfF6f_ sf6\g'

to nail/ to cut pieces

tfo]

tfo]

k:sg' -eft_

to served cooked rice

tf/0f

tf/g\

6'gfd'gf

confinment by witchcra#

tf/0fto]

tf/0fto]

tGqdGqn] afFWg]

to confine an evil by spirit (by a spri!tual healer)

tfNh'

tfNh'

t/fh'

balance, scale

tfn

tfM

w;f]{, lrgf]

line !ck mark

tfnsf;f

tfMsf;f -WjM ;fnf lDxltu'_

w;f]{ tfg]/ v]Ng] v]n

marking game

tfxfsf;f

tfxfsf;f

s]6fs]6L Pskl5 csf]{ cfk;df k'R5/ ;dfO{ nfdf] nfOg eP/ v]Ng] v]n

Snake game

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

39

a'vF != j+u' dfu{ @@ ut] g]jfM ld;f bj" of KoSjMu' j';fbF xg]u' ‰jno\ æg]jfMba" cgnfOg kf]6{nof g+ pn]Hof h"u' vM . o]+ dxfgu/kflnsfof k|d'v ljBf ;'Gb/ zfSoh' er'{cn dfWod+ h"u' bj"of j';fb+ gfk cgnfOg kf]6{n ;fj{hlgs ofgf lbOu' vM . Hof‰jno\ k|d'v zfSoh'+ g]jfM ld;fto\u' cfly{s ljsf; gfk+ /fhgLlts ;zlQms/0fof lglt+ n}luÍ lje]b of cGTo ofgf ;+ul7t ?k+ GXoHofo] dfMu' yf}+ of cfjZostf vM wsf woflbOu' b' . cy] x] jN8{ g]jfM cu{gfOh]zg of gfof] l;hg >]i7 cGt/f{li6«o ld;f sjM u7g ofo] Togfu' a'v+ g+ ljoflbn . bj"of s]lGb|o gfoM do\h' /lZdnf k|hfklt of ;efkltTjo\ ;ef h"u' vM . y'u' ld;f bj'ln+ …Ko+u' -$_ k|b]z ;ldlt kLRofu' -$*_ lhNnf ;ldlt cn] ro\Gofu'ln -*%_ dofs gu/ j ufpFkflnsf ;ldlt u7g h'O{ w'+s'u' b' . @= xln+ g]jf u'7Lof Vjk sRrfof tby{ ;ldlt u7g ofMu' b' . pu' ;ldltO k"0f{ eQm b'jfn ;+of]hs h'ofbLu' b';f efh' /fdrGb| k|hfklt ;x;+of]hso\ RjgflbOu' b' . cy] x] s[i0f k|hfklt 5of+Ho], /l;s /+lhtlnp 5of+h] j ;Ltf/fd dfsM bf+el/+no\ Rjgf lbOu' b' . cfMoft ;Nnfxfsf/of ?ko efh' of]uL :o:oM oft NoMu' b' . #= gf+hfMDx efiff;]jL gfk+ pBf]uklt efh' nIdLbf; dfgGw/ oft æonof nf]s ;flxTo kl/ifbÆ kfv]+ y'u' bFof æx]d/fh l;/kfMÆ ljOu' SjMl5pu' b' . pu' l;/kfM dft[efiff lzIffoft Sjft's GXofs]u' nflu 40

yf}+sGx] no\kf}

josn+ laof jof Rjgf lbOu' of]ubfg oft sb/ of;]+ Yj l;/kfM ljOu' SjMl5pu' vM . $= o]+ dxfgkflnsf+ ljofjof Rj+u' æ;'zf;g klqsfl/tf k'/:sf/Æ d=g=kf= of @^ ;f}F :yfkgf lbj; of pknIoo\ j+u' dfu{ @( ut] 5u" Hof‰jno\ :jlgun+ lkxf+ jof Rj+u' ljleGg ldl8of If]qo\ Hof ;gf Rj+lkGt l;/ kfM ljOu' dWo] g]jfM ldl8ofof ljho /Tg t'nfw/ j nxgf Go'h 86sdof ;'/]Gb|eQm >]i7 gfk+ g]kfn efiff 6fOD; oft g+ k'/:sf/ ljpu' h'n . pu' k'/:sf/ Dxlt bfF %) åf] tsf gfk+ bl;kf}+ g+ ljpu' vM . k'/:sf/ d=g=kf= of k|d'v ljBf ;'Gb/ zfSo+h' ljof lbOu' vM . %= g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgof #% SjMu' k|1f ;ef+ y'u' bFof nfuL g]kfn efiff ljb\ 8f= t]h/Tg s+;fsf/ oft bf+ lgu'nv gfk+ æg]kfn k|1f k'/:sf/Æ cn] dft[efiff ;flxTo ljwfo\ sla k"0f{ j}B oft bf+= 5u" nv gfk+ …dft[efiff ;flxToÚ k'/:sf/ lapu' k|1f k|lti7fgof a'v+ b' . ^= Yj x] j+u' k'if & ut] Vjko\ 5u" Hof emf]no s'tMlksfsM j ;Sj of efiff;]lj /fhbf; >]i7of ;+o'Qm Uj;fno\ dxfslj lul/hfk|;fb hf]zLof *@ cf}+ holGt x+u' h'n pu' Hof‰jno k|f1 w'j dlwsld{ RjoflbOu' lul/hfk|;fbof ;dfnf]rgf ;k"mt ljdf]rg h'u' h'n . efiff;]lj efh' /fh bf; >]i7+ ædxfslj lul/hf hf]zL+Æ ;sf]o ofgf lbOu' gfTo, g[To, ufog j ;+lutof of]ubfgof af/] rof{ofgf lbOu' vM . s'tM k|sf;g kfv]+ lul/hf hf]zLof d]d]u' ck|sfl;t s[lt lksof o+s]u' vFg+ GXoAjof lbOu' vM .