This Is A Title

Development of Solar Based Sand Sieving Machine

2017-2018

Chapter-1

INTRODUCTION Sieving machine serves is to remove large grains with a small grain through a sieve. Separation occurs when the sand is placed on top of a filter having holes size. The first sieving is done to get rid of the sand with a larger than standard withholding sand filter and the second sieving is done to get rid of the sand with a size too small means that the sand filter is ignored. A sieve is a device for separating wanted elements from unwanted material or for characterizing the particle size distribution of a sample, typically using a woven screen such as a mesh or net or metal. A sieve or a riddle is mechanical vibrating element used for extrication the needed elements from unwanted material further it is used for charactering the element to the required size by the allocation of a sample. Using a pane such as a mesh or net. Sifter is used to separate and to break up clumps in the dry ingredient particles like sand and flour. This project titled concentrates on providing descriptions of all the basic operation principles and design of DC motor. In the technical, education of Sieving plays a Major role in operations of various industries. [1-6] Construction of work device under the constrains is achieved by the systematic approach. The prime focus of the study of Sieving Machine integrates various skills and knowledge attainment and gives orientation towards application in practical life. It helps in intensifying the thinking and alternatives for potential applications. Sieving is a uncomplicated practice for sorting out the particles of different sizes. A very fine small holes used in this sieve for sift flour core. The fine Coarse particle are separated or broken up by grind against one-another and screen openings. Different types of sieves are used for the separation of industrial wastages like bolts, nuts washers and nails of various particle sizes of the holes. Similar types of sieves are used for agricultural equipments construction also. Sieves are also used for grading the grain size to detach stones from sand from grains.

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Types of Sand Sievers

Simple hand sand siever: For the purposes of foundry sand, a simple siever is used. A wooden mesh in which the withes were one eighth of an inch wide and set the same distance apart. This would be used on an English farm of the Victorian era to sift grain, removing dust and soil.The mesh in a wooden sieve might be made from wood.Use of wood to avoid contamination is important when the sieve is used for sampling.

Fig 1.1 (a) Simple hand Siever

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Sieving Mechanism by Vibrating System: The concept of vibration shaker takes the concept of gravity, where the material will tend to go down when there is an empty place. As shown in fig 1.1 (a). A little material will be easier to reach the lower point of large material because the large material will form a larger gap can be easily introduced by small material.

Fig 1.1 (b) Vibratory sand sieving machine

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Sieving by Rotary Siever : This machine combines the principles of rotary machine and sieving machine. The rotary motion generated by a crank system that converts rotary motion to translational movement or a back and forth.Micro and Nano-technologies have enhanced the optelectricity conversion efficiency of silicon solar PV cells. A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts solar energy into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells can also be applied to other electronics devices to make it self-power sustainable in the sun. There are solar cell phone chargers, solar bike light and solar camping lanterns that people can adopt for use.

Fig 1.1 (c) Rotary sand siever

1.2 Gears & It`s Classification Gears are defined as toothed wheels or multi lobbed cams, which transmits power and motion from one shaft to another by means of successive engagement of teeth. Gear drives offer the following advantage compared with chain and belt drives. Department of Mechanical Engineering,NCET,Bengaluru

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1. It is a positive transmission drive. 2. Its velocity ratio remains constant. 3. The center distance between the shafts is relatively small, which results in the compact construction. 4. It can transmit very large power, which is not possible with the belt drives. 5. The efficiency of gear drives is very high even up to 99% in case of spur gears. 6. A provision can be made in the gearbox for gear shifting; thus velocity ratio can be changed over a wide range. Gear drives however can only be used for small center distances, and their maintenance cost is also higher. The manufacturing processes for gears are complicated and highly specialized. Gear drives require attention for lubrication and cleanliness. The also require precise alignment of the shafts. There are various types of gears to suit various applications. They differ in the shape of the gear wheel like cylindrical, conical, or elliptical and the orientation of their axis and angle at which they mesh. Gear drives transmit power between shafts when their axis is: 1. Parallel 2. Intersecting 3. Neither parallel nor intersecting.

The different types of gears used in these cases are: 1.

Spur Gears

- For parallel axes shafts.

2.

Helical Gears

- For parallel and neither parallel nor intersecting.

3.

Spiral Gears

- For non-parallel and non-intersecting.

4.

Bevel Gears

- For intersecting axes shafts.

5.

Elliptical Gears

- For parallel axes shafts to obtain variable motion.

6.

Worm Gears

- For non-parallel and non co-planar axes shafts.

7.

Rack and Pinion

- For converting rotary motion to linear motion.

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1.2.1 Spur gears Spur gears are the most commonly used gear type. They are characterized by teeth, which are perpendicular to the face of the gear. Spur gears are by far the most commonly available, and are generally the least expensive. Spur gears are used in many devices that you can see all over like electric screw driver, oscillating sprinkler, windup alarm clock, washing machines, clothes dryers, etc,

Figure:1.2(a) Spur Gear

Limitations: Spur gears generally cannot be used when a direction change between the two shafts is required.

Advantages: Spur gears are easy to find, inexpensive, and efficient. Department of Mechanical Engineering,NCET,Bengaluru

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1.2.2 Bevel gears Bevel gears are useful when the direction of a shaft's rotation needs to be changed. They are usually mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well. The teeth on bevel gears can be straight, spiral or hyoid. Straight bevel gear teeth actually have the same problem as straight spur gear teeth as each tooth engages, it impacts the corresponding tooth all at once. Standard bevel gears have teeth, which are cut straight and are all parallel to the line pointing the apex of the cone on which the teeth are based. Spiral bevel gears are also available which have teeth that form arcs. Straight tool bevel gears are generally considered the best choice for systems with speeds lower than 1000 feet per minute: they commonly become noisy above this point.

Figure:1.2(b) Bevel Gear Just like with spur gears, the solution to this problem is to curve the gear teeth. These spiral teeth engage just like helical teeth: the contact starts at one end of the gear and progressively spreads across the whole tooth.

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On straight and spiral bevel gears, the shafts must be perpendicular to each other, but they must also be in the same plane. If you were to extend the two shafts past the gears, they would intersect. The hypoid gear, on the other hand, can engage with the axes in different

Figure:1.2(c) Bevel Gear

Figure:1.2(d) Bevel gear

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This feature is used in many car differentials. The ring gear of the differential and the input pinion gear are both hypoid. This allows the input pinion to be mounted lower than the axis of the ring gear. Since the driveshaft of the car is connected to the input pinion, this also lowers the driveshaft. This means that the driveshaft doesn't intrude into the passenger compartment of the car as much, making more room for people and cargo.

Limitations: Limited availability. Cannot be used for parallel shafts. Can become noisy at high speeds.

Advantages: Excellent choice for intersecting shaft systems

1.3 DC Motor An electric motor uses electrical energy to produce mechanical energy, very typically through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors. The reverse process, producing electrical energy from mechanical energy, is accomplished by a generator or dynamo. Traction motors used on vehicles often perform both tasks. Many types of electric motors can be run as generators,and vicversa Electric motors are found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives. They may be powered by direct current (for example a battery powered portable device or motor vehicle), or by alternating current from a central electrical distribution grid. The smallest motors may be found in electric wristwatches. Medium-size motors of highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial uses. The very largest electric motors are used for propulsion of large ships, and for such purposes as pipeline compressors, with ratings in the millions of watts. Electric motors may be classified by the source of electric power,by internal construction. Department of Mechanical Engineering,NCET,Bengaluru

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.

Fig :1.3(a) DC Motor

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The physical principle of production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field was known as early as 1821. Electric motors of increasing efficiency were constructed throughout the 19th century, but commercial exploitation of electric motors on a large scale required eefficient electrical generators and electrical distribution networks

1.3.1 History and development Principle The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by electromagnetic means was demonstrated by the British scientist Michael Faraday in 1821. A free-hanging wire was dipped into a pool of mercury, on which a permanent magnet was placed. When a current was passed through the wire, the wire rotated around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a circular magnetic field around the wire.[2] This motor is often demonstrated in school physics classes, but brine (salt water) is sometimes used in place of the toxic mercury. This is the simplest form of a class of devices called homopolar motors. . This is the simplest form of a class of devices called homopolar motors. A later refinement is the Barlow's Wheel. These were demonstration devices only, unsuited to practical applications due to their primitive construction.

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Chapter-2

LITERATURE REVIEW 1. C. Alexandru, C. Pozna, “Different tracking strategies for optimizing the energetic efficiency of a photovoltaic system”, IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics, May 2014. Many studies on Design and Fabrication of Reciprocating Sand Sieving Machinehas been done in recent years.Studies on Design and Fabrication of Horizontal Sieving Machine, Multi Stage Sand Separator and Filter also have been done. Small machines like hand sieve tool, vertical sand separating machines were commonly used for sand separation. Hence our project is based on the same principle so that development of this machine can be done for smaller applications with low initial investment cost. The selection of material plays a very important role in constructing the sand sieving machine. Therefore mild steel material can be selected because of itsexcellent high qualities such as, durability, tensile strength, high corrosion resistance and also relative in cost compare to other special alloyed materials, like stainless steel. Merits and Demerits of Manual Method •

Merits:➢ Easily carried from one place to another place. ➢ There is no requirement of electric power.

•

Demerits:➢ Slow process. ➢ Labour hour will be more. ➢ Drudgery for workers. ➢ Different sizes of sieve cannot be used.

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Hence by designing and developing power operated sieve for separating sand and gravel, the demerits of using manual method can be overcome.

2.1 Problem identification ➢ The problem of size of sand available in the market. ➢ Need to spend more money if we want the sand in specific size or category, it will increase the budget. ➢ Time to wait the supplier preparing the goods.

Nowadays people always prefer the most suitable way to cut their cost and time. Hence sand sieving machine has been designed and developed.

2.2 Objectives The sand and gravel separating machine can be widely used in construction field. The main objectives are as follows:➢ To survey the merits and demerits of the existing sand sieving equipment used in building construction. ➢ To evaluate the performance of the machine. ➢ To develop interpersonal skills and to be familiar with the tools and process used in mechanical workshop. ➢ To understand the basic principal of size separation. ➢ To design and construct economical and easy handling sieving machine for obtaining uniform particle size of raw materials.

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Chapter-3

METHODOLOGY 3.1 Flow chart Problem Identification

Get project title and meeting with supervisor and discuss about the project

Designing of components

Material selection

Final concept

Fabrication

Conclusion

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Chapter-4

EXPERIMENTATION 4.1 Components Used 4.1.1 Photovoltaic panel: The batteries of cell phones, PDAs, laptops, mp3 players, and more can be charged by solar battery chargers. A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light. In a solar panel battery, the solar cell is the smallest constituent unit of a device having the function of photoelectric conversion. That maintains them joined to the cores of the atoms, promoting them to a superior energetic state called conduction band in which they can move easily through the semiconductor.

Fig 4.1 (a): Photovoltaic Panel Department of Mechanical Engineering,NCET,Bengaluru

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4.1.2 Gear box: The transmission box which is also known as the gear box is the second element of the power train in an automobile. It is used to change the speed and torque of vehicle according to variety of road and load condition. Transmission box change the engine speed into torque when climbing hills and when the vehicle required. . Provide the torque needed to move the vehicle under a variety of road and load conditions. i.

It does this by changing the gear ratio between the engine crankshaft and vehicle drive wheels

ii.

Be shifted into reverse so the vehicle can move backward.

iii.

Be shifted into neutral for starting the engine.

Fig 4.1(b) Gear box

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4.1.3 DC motor The DC motor find in modern industrial applications operates very similarly to the simple DC motor. When voltage is applied to the motor, current begins to flow through the field coil from the negative terminal to the positive terminal. This sets up a strong magnetic field in the field winding. Current also begins to flow through the brushes into a commutated segment and then through an armature coil. The current continues to flow through the coil back to the brush that is attached to other end of the coil and returns to the DC power source. The current flowing in the armature coil sets up a strong magnetic field in the armature. The switching action is timed so that the armature will not lock up magnetically with the field. Instead the magnetic fields tend to build on each other and provide additional torque to keep the motor shaft rotating. When the voltage is reenergized to the motor, the magnetic fields in the armature and the field winding will quickly diminish and the armature shaft's speed will begin to drop to zero. If voltage is applied to the motor again, the magnetic fields will strengthen and the armature will begin to rotate again.

Fig 4.1 (c): DC Motor Department of Mechanical Engineering,NCET,Bengaluru

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4.1.4 Battery Battery is a connection of one or more electrolytic cells which provide regulated power. Batteries are devices in which reduction oxidation occurs at cathode and anode; they are separated by an ionic ally-conductive electrolyte.

Fig 4.1 (d): Battery Batteries are classified into two major categories primary and secondary batteries. A primary battery can store and deliver electrical energy but cannot be recharged. Typical carbon zinc and lithium batteries commonly used in consumer electronics devices are primary batteries. On the other hand, a secondary battery can store and deliver electrical energy and can also be recharged by passing a current through it in an opposite direction to that of discharge current. There are many factors that influence the choice and performance of a storage battery in this application.

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4.2 Working principle The cell in the basic electro-chemical unit in a battery, consisting of a set of positive and negative plates divided by separators immersed in an electrolyte solution. In typical lead acid battery each cell has a nominal voltage of about 2.1 volts so there are 6 series cells in a nominal 12 V battery. The active materials in a battery are the pasted compositions materials that form the positive and negative plates and are reactants in the electro-chemical cell. The amount of active material in a battery is proportional to the capacity a battery can deliver. In lead acid batteries the active materials are lead dioxide (Pb02) in the positive plates and metallic sponge lead (Pb) in negative plate which react with sulphuric acid (H2SO4) solution during the battery operation.

4.2.1 Electrolyte: It is a conducting medium, which allows the flow of current thorough ionic transfer. In a lead acid battery the electrolyte is a dilute sulfuric acid solution. In flooded nickel cadmium cells the electrolyte is an alkaline solution of potassium hydroxide and water.

4.2.2 Grid: It is typically a lead alloy frame work that supports the active material on a battery plate and which also conducts current.

4.2.3 Plate: It is a grid wire, active material pasted on to it,. It is some times called an electrode. There are generally a number of positive and negative plates in each battery cell, typically connected in parallel at a bus bar or inter cell connector at the top of the plates

4.2.4 Separator: It is a porous, insulating divider between the positive and negative plates in a battery, used to keep the plates from coming into electrical contact and short circuiting and which also allows the flow of electrolyte and ions between the positive and negative plates.

4.2.5 Battery Capacity: Battery capacity is a measure of battery’s ability to store or deliver electrical energy. Commonly expressed in units of ampere-hour. An ampere hour is equal to the transfer of one ampere over one hour. For example a battery which delivers 5 amps for 20 hours is said to have delivered 100-ampere hours. The capacity of a battery depends on several constructional factors like the quantity of active material, the number and physical dimension of the plates and the electrolyte specific Department of Mechanical Engineering,NCET,Bengaluru

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gravity. Battery capacity also depends on the operational factors like the discharge rate, depth of discharge, telephone and cycle resistor of the battery. It also depends on the number of charging cycle and discharging cycle.

4.3 Power generated by a battery: P=V*I Where, V = cell voltage. I = cell current

4.3.1 Energy generated by a battery: E=V*I*t Where, t = Time.

4.3.2 Classification of Battery 1. Primary batteries: - This type of batteries cannot be recharged and can be used only once. i.

Lechanche cells.

ii.

Alkaline cells.

iii.

Lithium batteries

2. Secondary batteries: - This type of batteries can be recharged many number of times based on the chemical reversibility of reduction oxidation. i.

Lead / acid.

ii.

Nickel cadmium.

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iii.

Nickel metal hydride.

iv.

Sodium / sulfur.

v.

Lithium ion.

2017-2018

4.4 Applications of batteries a) To start car engines and other power other applications in an automobile such as lights, switches, etc. To power electrical and electronic devices such as portable computers, watches cameras, calculators, mobiles. a) Power for missiles and to guide torpedoes. b) Pacemakers and hearing aids. c) Battery operated toys.

4.5 Lead – Acid Battery Plente first commercialized lead-acid batteries over a century ago.They are primarily used as car batteries. The cells are constructed from lead oxide cathode, lead anode and sulphuric acid as the electrolyte. Cell reaction: Pb + SO42- = PbSO42- (sol) + 2 ePbO2 + 4 H+ + 2 e- + SO42- = PbSO42- (sol) The cells have a nominal discharge potential of 2V, are inexpensive and are capable of generating high power densities (necessary for starting a car). However, the cells undergo rapid self-discharge, which are environmentally unfriendly.Lead acid cells can only be cycled a few hundred times, and fewer cycles are possible if the battery is fully discharged. As many who need to start their cars in the winter season know that batteries performance is poor at low temperatures.

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4.6 Working 4.6.1 H-Bridge An H bridge is an electronic circuit that enables a voltage to be applied across a load in either direction. These circuits are often used in robotics and other applications to allow DC motors to run forwards and backwards. H bridges are available as integrated circuits, or can be built from discrete components. The term H Bridge is derived from the typical graphical representation of such a circuit. An H bridge is built with four switches. When the switches S1 and S4 are closed a positive voltage will be applied across the motor. By opening S1 and S4 switches and closing S2 and S3 switches, this voltage is reversed, allowing reverse operation of the motor. Using the nomenclature above, the switches S1 and S2 should never be closed at the same time, as this would cause a short circuit on the input voltage source. The same applies to the switches S3 and S4. This condition is known as shoot-through.

Fig 4.6 (a) H- Bridge Department of Mechanical Engineering,NCET,Bengaluru

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Sieving Machine mainly depends on converting rotary motion provided by D-C motor which runs either by 3-9volt battery or using 24v DC adapter which is used to convert AC to DC and applies current to the motor. The motor is provided which different gears to provide the required motion as it rotates the shaft connected to the movable framing portion [8] does back and forth motion as such the mesh attached to it when moves or slides separates the particles such as screws, Bolt & nuts, Dusts and other foreign Particles of required size based on the size of mesh.

4.7 Design The primary considerations for designing the gear drive used were those of space and availability. Thus we have adopted the reverse engineering approach i.e we first purchased the gears and using the parameters known to us we calculated the safe load Power of motor = 17W Pressure angle,  = 20 deg full depth involute. Number of teeth on pinion, Z1 = 10 teeth. Number of teeth on gear, Z2 = 18 teeth. Speed of the pinion, n2 = 100 rpm. Module, m = 5 mm.

Gear and pinion are made of cast steel C-20 (heat treated material). Transmission ratio, I=

Z 2 18 = = 1.8 Z1 10

Diameter of pinion, d1 = m  Z1 = 5  10 = 50mm. Diameter of gear, d2 = m  Z2 = 5  18 = 90mm. Department of Mechanical Engineering,NCET,Bengaluru

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tanδ1=1/і δ1=tan-1[1/1.8]=29.050 tanδ2= і δ2=60.950

virtual number of teeth, Zvp=Z1/cosδ1=10/cos 29.05 =11.44 teeth Zvg=Z2/cosδ2=18/cos 60.95 =37.07 teeth

lewis form factor, yp=0.154-(0.912/Zvp) =0.154-(0.912/11.44) =0.0742 yg=0.154-(0.912/Zvg) =0.154-(0.912/37.07) =0.1294 Gear and Pinion is made of cast steel C-20 heat treated,  d=191.295mpa

 dyp=14.194  dyg=24.7535 Department of Mechanical Engineering,NCET,Bengaluru

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Pinion is weaker so, the further design is based on pinion. y=yp   =44.591mm vm=  m ZP np /60000 vm=   5  10  180/60000 = 0.4712 m/sec Service factor, cs Consider the shock to be steady shock and type of service as 3hr/day, cs=0.8 Mt1=(9550  N)/np =(9550  17)/180=901.944 N-mm R=(m/2)  (( Z 1  Z 1) + (Z 2  Z 2)) =(5/2)  ((10 10) + (18 18)) =51.478mm Let b=R/3  17.16mm  18mm Velocity factor, cv=5.5/(5.5+vm) =0.921

Dynamic load, -

vm=0.4712 m/sec f = 0.0912

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c = 600.4 fd = ft+[(21vm  ( ft + bc ) )/ (21vm+ ( ft + bc) )] =36.077+[(21  0.4712  (36.077 + (18  600.4)) )/(21  0.4712+ (36.077 + (600.4 18) )] fd =36.077+(107296.32/114.03) = 977N Hardness 450, K=3.9662mpa Q= ((2  Z 2) /(Z 1 + Z 2)) =1.285 fw=50  18  1.285  3.9662 =4586.91N fw/ fd = 4.69 [ design is safe] Weight that can be lifted by the jack, ft=w  p/2  R w=(36.07  2    25)/6 w=944.3N =10.259kg Symbols used : b = face width, m (mm) C =constant. d1 = diameter of the pinion, m (mm) d2 = diameter of gear, m (mm) Department of Mechanical Engineering,NCET,Bengaluru

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Ft = tangential load, N Fd = dynamic load, N Fw = wear load, N i = transmission ratio. f = error. K = load stress factor. m = module, mm. n1 = speed of pinion. (rpm) n2 = speed of gear. (rpm) Q = interference factor. Vm = mean linear velocity, m/s (mm/s) Y = modified lewis form factor. (y*) Z1= number of teeth on pinion. Z2 = number of teeth on gear. ZVP = virtual number of teeth on pinion. ZVG = virtual number of teeth on gear.  = pressure angle. Deg 1 = pitch angle of bevel pinion. 2 = pitch angle of bevel gear. BHN = Brinhell Hardness Number

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Fig 4.6 (b) Side view of Sieving machine

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Fig 4.6 (c) Front view of Sand Sieving machine

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Chapter-5

ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS 1. The vibrating operation is simple. 2. The current consumption is very low. 3. It can be utilized for separation of mass produced different types of nuts in a single turn and also other solid mixtures with different sizes of mesh involvement. 4. Simple in construction and easy to use. 5. It is compact in size and less weight. Different types of nuts can be separated which depends on mesh size used. 6. It can be used for paddy separation with the involvement of fan at the base of table. 7. Now days, separation of different sizes of solid material is need of hours, this project can be used for separation of different sizes of solid only by changing mesh of required size. 8. Substance industry: resin, pigment, industrial medicine, cosmetic, coatings. 9. Foodstuff industry: sugar powder, starch, salt, rice noodles, milk powder, soybean milk, egg powder, sauce, syrup. 10. Environment: disposed oil, disposed water, disposed dye waste water, assistant detergent, active carbon. Coatings: Powder coatings, pigment paints, etc. 11. Metals: Metal powders, zinc powder, copper powder, coal powder, alloys, etc

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Chapter-6 CONCLUSION The solar traveller is easily accessible, safe and practical with limited maintenance requirements because of few mechanical parts. It is ideal not only for the experienced cyclists but also for those non athletes, the elderly and individuals with health problems. This is the best source to replace the fuel which is exhausting day by day and becoming more costly. Vibration table is plays on important role in today’s mechanical field. Companies where mass manufacture of nuts is done different sixes of nuts can be separated without difficulty. The project can be comprehensive to continue separation of different sizes of nuts by involving series of mesh. Through this project one can get rid of manual separation which is time consuming. The project can be implemented all other types of separation of combination with the involvement of different types of mesh. This project is run by DC motor which is connect or supplies electricity via AC adapter. The rotary motion of DC motor is used to provide sliding motion to the mesh as result of back and forth motion of mesh different types & sizes of nuts can be separated. Thus this project in real time is providing easy way of separation of different sizes of nuts and any other mixture depending on mesh size.

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Chapter-7 SCOPE & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 1. Speed and smoothness of the machine can be improved by using other methods. 2. There is a scope for improving the cleanliness by providing a passage for the unwanted particles that are collected on the mesh. So that the pure sand is collected one side and the unwanted waste particles are collected on the other side. 3. Can provide wheels at the bottom for easy transportation. 4. The project can be made for higher capacities by increasing the dimension and improving the design aspects. 5. Based on the required sand particle size, the mesh can be changed. The machine can be operated with the help of Electric Generator

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REFERENCES [1] C. Alexandru, C. Pozna, “Different tracking strategies for optimizing the energetic efficiency of a photovoltaic system”, IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics, May 2014. [2] J. Rizk, and Y. Chaiko “Solar Tracking System: More Efficient Use of Solar Panels”, “Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology”, pp. 2070-3740; Vol. 31 July 2008. [3] S. C. Saxena, “Energy, Environment and Electricity”, “RITES Journal”, January, 2011. [4] John D. Garrison, “A Program for calculation of Solar Energy Collection by Fixed and Tracking Collectors”,“Solar Energy”, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 241-255, 2002. [5] http://www.miniliftmanufacturers.co.in/sand-siever-machine.html [6]http://greenrevolution.org.in/mining/sand-sevier-machine-sales-in-chennai.html [7] https://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/sandsiever.html

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