Ul 228.pdf

UL 228 ISBN 0-7629-1156-5

Door Closers-Holders, With or Without Integral Smoke Detectors

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

JANUARY 26, 2006 − UL 228

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Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) 333 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, IL 60062-2096 UL Standard for Safety for Door Closers-Holders, With or Without Integral Smoke Detectors, UL 228 Fifth Edition, Dated January 26, 2006

Summary of Topics This new edition is a periodic re-issuance to ensure that UL’s Standards remain up-to-date with regard to format and editorial issues such as renumbering, repaginating, correction of editorial errors, updating references to standards, and other miscellaneous editorial revisions. The revised requirements are substantially in accordance with UL’s Proposal(s) on this subject dated November 9, 2005. As indicated on the title page (page1), this UL Standard for Safety has been adopted by the Department of Defense. The UL Foreword is no longer located within the UL Standard. For information concerning the use and application of the requirements contained in this Standard, the current version of the UL Foreword is located on ULStandardsInfoNet at: http://ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com/ulforeword.html The master for this Standard at UL’s Northbrook Office is the official document insofar as it relates to a UL service and the compliance of a product with respect to the requirements for that product and service, or if there are questions regarding the accuracy of this Standard. UL’s Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed copy of a Standard, nor the distribution diskette for a Standard-on-Diskette and the file for the Standard on the distribution diskette should be altered in any way. All of UL’s Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL.

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n Revisions of UL Standards for Safety are issued from time to time. A UL Standard for Safety is current ya only if it incorporates the most recently adopted revisions. p

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to S LT y UL provides this Standard ″as is″ without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, B including CT but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. ed U ad ROD o l In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, n indirect orPsimilar damages, PM w Y including loss of profits, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use or the T 41 of of Do RIhas : inability to use this Standard, even if UL or an authorized UL representative been advised the 0 as CU 1 possibility of such damage. In no event shall UL’s liability for W any damage ever exceed the price paid for E t S 7 this Standard, regardless of the form of the claim. en 00 LI m 2 U / 4 cu y G o /1 D B 2 : se 1 U r 98 4 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 1 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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JANUARY 26, 2006 − UL 228

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ng a D New product submittals made prior to a specified future effective date will be judged under allpofythe T o L requirements in this Standard including those requirements with a specified future effective date, unless t the applicant specifically requests that the product be judged under the current requirements. TS if By However, C d the applicant elects this option, it should be noted that compliance with all the e requirements U in this D d Standard will be required as a condition of continued Listing, Recognition, and Follow-Up Services after oa PRO M the effective date, and understanding of this should be signified in writing. nl P w Y o 1 T 4 D RI Copyright © 2006 Underwriters Laboratories Inc. 0: as CU 1 t W checklist: SE 7 This Standard consists of pages dated as shown in the following n 0 I e 0 L m u GU 14/2 c Page Date / Do By 2 : e 1-42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .U . .s. . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 26, 2006 8 A1-A2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .o. r . . . . . . . . .4. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 26, 2006 F UL COPYRIGHTED 1 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

JANUARY 26, 2006 1 UL 228 Standard for Door Closers-Holders, With or Without Integral Smoke Detectors The first edition was titled ″Electromagnetic and Electromechanical Door Holder-Releasers and Combination Door Closer-Holders (With or Without Integral Smoke Detectors)″. First Edition – September, 1974 Second Edition – October, 1979 Third Edition – April, 1993 Fourth Edition – April, 1997 Fifth Edition January 26, 2006 An effective date included as a note immediately following certain requirements is one established by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. The Department of Defense (DoD) has adopted UL 228 on October 3, 1994. The publication of revised pages or a new edition of this Standard will not invalidate the DoD adoption. Revisions of this Standard will be made by issuing revised or additional pages bearing their date of issue. A UL Standard is current only if it incorporates the most recently adopted revisions, all of which are itemized on the transmittal notice that accompanies the latest set of revised requirements. ISBN 0-7629-1156-5

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL COPYRIGHT © 1974, 2006 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.

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ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

JANUARY 26, 2006

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2.1 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2.2 Units of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 2.3 Undated references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 CONSTRUCTION 3 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 4 Frame and Enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 5 Mounting of Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 6 Corrosion Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 7 Insulating Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 8 Current-Carrying Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 9 Wiring Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 10 Internal Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 10.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 10.2 Semiconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 11 Installation Wiring Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 11.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 11.2 Strain relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 11.3 Bushings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 12 Spacings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 PERFORMANCE 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Endurance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Jarring Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Input Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Temperature Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 ng Holding Power Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 a Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p. . y . .21 TD Abnormal Operation Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .t.o . . . . . .22L Fire Tests of Swinging Door Closer-Holders With Integral Smoke Detectors . . . B . .y .......T . .S .22 C 22.1 Corridor test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e . .d. . . . . . . U . . . . . . .22 D 22.2 Paper fire – test A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a.d . . . . . . .O . . . . . . . . . . .22 o R l 22.3 Wood fire – test B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n . . . . . . . . .P . . . . . . . . .P . .M . . . .23 22.4 Gasoline fire – test C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . .w . . . . . .T . .Y . . . . . . . . .1 . . . . . . . . .24 I 4 D . .R 22.5 Polystyrene fire – test D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .s. . . . . . . U . . . . . . . . . .0. :. . . . . . . . . . . .24 a 1 22.6 Igniter assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W . . . . . . . .E . .C . . . . . . . . . .-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 22.7 Limited open-area test (optional) . . . . . . .n. t. . . . . . I . . .S. . . . . . . .0 . .7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 e 22.8 Paper fire – test A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m . . . . . . . . .U . .L. . . . . . . /. 2 . .0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 u 4 22.9 Wood fire – test B . . . . . . . . . . o . .c . . . . . . .y. . G . . . . . . . . .1 / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 22.10 Gasoline fire – test C . . . . D . . . . . . . . .B . . . . . . . .:. .2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 e 22.11 Polystyrene fire – test D . . . .U . .s. . . . . . . . . 1 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 23 Smoldering Smoke Test . . . . . . . .o. r . . . . . . . . .4. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

F UL COPYRIGHTED 1 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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24 Insulating Materials Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 MARKING 25 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

APPENDIX A Standards for Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 These requirements apply to swinging door closers equipped with integral electromechanical or electromagnetic holders and which may be provided with integral smoke detectors. These requirements also apply to electromagnetic door holder units which are for use with a separate door closer and separate automatic fire detector. 1.2 When integral smoke detectors are provided with the combination door closer-holder, the smoke detectors shall comply with requirements for smoke detectors of the photoelectric or combustion products type. 1.3 Requirements for the installation of these combination door closers-holders with or without smoke detector units are included in the Standards for Fire Doors and Fire Windows, NFPA 80, and National Fire Alarm Code, NFPA 72. 1.4 The combination door closers-holders (with or without integral smoke detectors) described in this Standard provide one of the following types of hold open functions: a) Single point hold open. b) Multiple point hold open. (Two, three, four, etc. discrete hold open points as set at the manufacturer’s plant.) c) Infinite hold open points with one as set by the user. 2 General 2.1 Components 2.1.1 Except as indicated in 2.1.2, a component of a product covered by this standard shall comply with the requirements for that component. See Appendix A for a list of standards covering components generally used in the products covered by this standard. 2.1.2 A component is not required to comply with a specific requirement that:

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a) Involves a feature or characteristic not required in the application of the component in the an y product covered by this standard, or p

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to S LT y b) Is superseded by a requirement in this standard. B CT d U e D 2.1.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its rating established for the of adintended Oconditions o R l M P use. P wn TY o 1 I 4 D or Rrestricted 2.1.4 Specific components are incomplete in construction features s 0in: performance U a 1 capabilities. Such components are intended for use only W under limited - such as certain EC conditions, t only S 7 temperatures not exceeding specified limits, and shall benused under those specific conditions. 0 I e 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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2.2 Units of measurement 2.2.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate information. 2.3 Undated references 2.3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. CONSTRUCTION 3 General 3.1 The combination door closer-holder shall be designed so that the held door is capable of being released manually by simple and obvious operation, such as pulling on the door knob with a maximum force of 50 pounds (223 N), and upon release the door becomes self-closing and then latches closed. 3.2 The separate holder release device shall be designed so that the held door is capable of being released manually by simple and obvious operation, such as pulling on the door knob or leading edge with a maximum force of 50 pounds (223 N). 3.3 Combination door closer-holders (with or without integral smoke detectors) designed for National Electrical Code Class 1 circuits shall be for door frame mounting only. 3.4 Combination door closer-holders (with or without integral smoke detectors), intended for mounting within or on a door, shall be limited in design to a National Electrical Code Class 2 circuit. 3.5 For the purposes of this standard, a Class 2 circuit is defined as one that has a maximum of 30 volts alternating-current RMS (42.4 volts peak or direct current) and 100 volt-amperes. 4 Frame and Enclosure 4.1 A unit shall resist the abuses to which it is subjected without adversely affecting its performance due to total or partial collapse with resulting reduction of spacings, loosening or displacement of parts, or other serious defects.

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n 4.2 Electrical parts of a unit shall be located or enclosed so that protection against unintentional contact ya with uninsulated hazardous live or dead metal parts is provided. p

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to S LT y 4.3 Operating parts shall be protected against fouling by dust or by other material which B affects CTtheir d normal operation. U de OD a o R 4.4 An enclosure shall have means for mounting which shall be accessible disassembling nlwithout P PM any w Y operating part of the unit. 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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4.5 With reference to the requirement in 4.4, removal of a completely assembled panel is not considered to be disassembly of any operating part. 4.6 Connectors and switches, which have a means for adjustment, shall also have a method by which that adjustment is positively locked in position. 4.7 Metallic combinations shall be such as to resist galvanic corrosion. 4.8 The thickness of cast metal for an enclosure shall be as indicated in Table 4.1, except that cast metal of lesser thickness is not prohibited from being used when, consideration being given to the shape, size, and function of the enclosure, it provides equivalent mechanical strength. Table 4.1 Cast-metal electrical enclosures Minimum thickness

Use, or dimensions of area involveda Area of 24 square inches (155 cm2) or less and having no dimension greater than 6 inches (152 mm). Area greater than 24 square inches or having any dimension greater than 6 inches. At a threaded conduit hole. At an unthreaded conduit hole.

Die-cast metal, inch (mm)

Cast metal of other than the die-cast type, inch (mm)

1/16

1.6

1/8

3.2

3/32

2.4

1/8

3.2

1/4 1/8

6.4 3.2

1/4 1/8

6.4 3.2

a The area limitation for metal 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) thick may be obtained by the provision of reinforcing ribs subdividing a larger area.

4.9 Among the factors which are taken into consideration when evaluating a nonmetallic enclosure are the following, all of which are considered with regard to aging: a) The mechanical strength; b) Resistance to impact;

ng a y D d) Combustibility; and p T o L t TS By subjected e) Resistance to distortion at temperatures to which the material is capable of being C ed DU under conditions of normal or abnormal use. d a O lo PbeR less than n 4.10 The thickness of sheet metal employed for the enclosure of a unit shall not PM that w Y 1 indicated in Table 4.2; except that sheet metal of lesser thickness is not ITfrom being Doprohibited :4 used when, R 0 consideration being given to the shape, size, and function ofas the enclosure, it provides equivalent U 1 Cbe W mechanical strength. At any point where conduit or metal-clad cable is to attached, sheet metal shall E t S 7 equivalent to that n 0 I be of such thickness or shall be formed or reinforced so that it has stiffness at least of e 0 L m 2 U an uncoated flat sheet of steel having a minimum u thickness of 0.053 inch (1.35 mm) (No. 16 MSG). / G 4 c /1 Do By 2 : se 1 U r 98 4 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 1 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL c) Moisture-absorptive properties;

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Table 4.2 Sheet metal electrical enclosures Minimum thickness of sheet metal Maximum enclosure dimensions Any linear dimensions,

Steel

Area of any surface,

Zinc coated, inch

inch

(mm)

inch2

(cm2)

[CSG]

12

305

90

584

0.034 [20] 0.045

24

610

360

2322

48

1219

1200

7742

60

1524

1500

9678

Over 60

1524

Over 1500

9678

[18] 0.056 [16] 0.070 [14] 0.097 [12]

(mm)

Uncoated, inch

(mm)

[MSG] 0.86 1.14 1.42 1.78 2.46

0.032 [20] 0.042 [18] 0.053 [16] 0.067 [14] 0.093 [12]

Brass or aluminum, inch

(mm)

[AWG] 0.81 1.07 1.35 1.70 2.36

0.045 [16] 0.058 [14] 0.075 [12] 0.095 [10] 0.122 [8]

1.14 1.47 1.91 2.41 3.10

4.11 Assembly screws that hold essential working parts and which must be loosened or removed in order to wire or install a connector or switch shall not thread into material other than metal. 5 Mounting of Parts 5.1 All parts shall be securely mounted in position and prevented from loosening or turning when such motion affects the performance of the equipment or affects the risk of fire or injury to persons incident to the operation of the equipment. 5.2 Uninsulated live parts shall be secured to their supporting surfaces so that they are prevented from turning or shifting in position when such motion results in a reduction of spacings to less than those indicated in 12.2 – 12.6. 5.3 Friction between surfaces is not to be used as a means to prevent turning, loosening, or shifting of a part as required in 5.1 and 5.2; however, a toothed-lock washer or equivalent means is not prohibited from being used.

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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6 Corrosion Protection 6.1 Iron and steel parts, other than bearings, etc., where such protection is impractical, shall be protected against corrosion by enameling, galvanizing, plating, or other equivalent means. 6.2 The requirement of 6.1 applies to all enclosing cases of sheet steel or cast iron and to all springs and other parts upon which proper mechanical operation depends. It does not apply to washers, screws, bolts, and other minor parts, when failure of such unprotected parts is not capable of resulting in a hazardous condition or in the equipment’s operation being affected. Parts made of stainless steel, polished or treated, when required, do not require additional protection against corrosion. Bearing surfaces shall be of such materials and design as to resist binding due to corrosion. 7 Insulating Material 7.1 A base for the support of live parts shall be of moisture-resistant insulating material such as porcelain, phenolic, or cold-molded composition. 7.2 A base mounted on a metal surface which may be grounded shall be provided with an insulating barrier between the mounting surface and all live parts on the underside of the base which are not staked, upset, sealed, or equivalently prevented from loosening so as to prevent such parts and the ends of replaceable terminal screws from contacting the supporting surface. 7.3 Hard fiber is not prohibited from being used for insulating bushings, washers, separators, and barriers, but not for the sole support of live parts where shrinkage, current leakage, or warping of the fiber introduces a hazard. 7.4 A countersunk sealed live part shall be covered with a waterproof insulating compound which will not melt at a temperature of 15°C (27°F) higher than the maximum normal operating temperature of the assembly, and at not less than 65°C (149°F) in any case. The depth or thickness of sealing compound shall not be less than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm). 8 Current-Carrying Parts 8.1 A current-carrying part shall be of silver, copper, a copper alloy, or equivalent. 8.2 Bearings, hinges, etc., are not acceptable for carrying current between fixed and moving parts.

ng a y D p T o L 8.4 A wiring terminal shall be prevented from turning. t By CTS d notUless than 8.5 Except as noted in 8.6, a terminal plate tapped for a wire-binding screw shall be of metal denot less 0.050 inch (1.27 mm) in thickness for a No. 8 (4.2 mm diameter) or larger screw,aand ODthan 0.030 o R l P havePnoMfewer inch (0.76 mm) in thickness for a No. 6 or a No. 4 (3.5 or 2.8 mm diameter) screw, n and shall w Y than two full threads in the metal. 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 8.3 A wire-binding screw shall thread into metal.

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8.6 A terminal plate is not prohibited from having the metal extruded at the tapped hole for the binding screw so as to provide two full threads. Other constructions are capable of being used when they provide equivalent ruggedness of the terminal plate and thread security of the wire-binding screw. 9 Wiring Methods 9.1 An open-circuit device shall be provided with terminals or leads so that its connections to the protective circuit can be supervised to prevent removal. 10 Internal Wiring 10.1 General 10.1.1 Internal wiring shall have thermoplastic or rubber insulation not less than 1/64 inch (0.4 mm) thick or equivalent, for 0 – 300 volts where power is less than indicated in footnote b of Table 18.1, and no flexing or mechanical abuse is capable of occurring. Otherwise, insulation thickness shall not be less than 1/32 inch (0.8 mm). 10.1.2 Leads connected to parts mounted on a hinged cover shall possess the length to permit the full opening of the cover without applying stress to the leads or their connections. The leads shall be secured or equivalently arranged to prevent abrasion of insulation and jamming between parts of the enclosure and shall be of a flexible type. 10.1.3 Insulation, such as coated fabric and extruded tubing, shall not be affected by the temperature or other environmental conditions to which it is subjected in service. 10.1.4 Wireways shall be smooth and entirely free from sharp edges, burrs, fins, moving parts, etc., which cause abrasion of the conductor insulation. Holes in sheet metal walls through which insulated wires pass shall be provided with a bushing when the wall is 0.042 inch (1.07 mm) or less in thickness. Holes in walls thicker than 0.042 inch (1.07 mm) shall have smooth, rounded edges. 10.1.5 All joints and connections shall be mechanically secure and shall provide adequate and reliable electrical contact without strain on connections and terminals. 10.1.6 Stranded conductors clamped under wire-binding screws or similar parts shall have the individual strands soldered together or equivalently arranged to assure reliable connections.

g

10.1.7 A splice shall be provided with insulation equivalent to that required for the wires involved when an permanence of required spacing between the splice and uninsulated metal parts is not assured. p y

D

to S LT y 10.1.8 When a printed wiring assembly employs insulating coatings or encapsulation, the compound Tshall B Cbeing d be investigated. Samples of the assembly shall be tested for dielectric withstand before and after U D tested for de shallObe treated, except that when it is impractical to use untreated samples, finished samples a o R l P tests described dielectric withstand after they are subjected to humidity, temperature, and other n applicable PM w Y in this standard. 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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10.2 Semiconductors 10.2.1 Semiconductors shall be rated for the intended application under all environmental conditions to which they are exposed in service. 10.2.2 The performance tests of the complete unit are intended to show the effects of these conditions. The prescribed tests may be supplemented where conditions exceeding those represented by the tests indicated in this standard are encountered. 11 Installation Wiring Methods 11.1 General 11.1.1 Except as noted in 10.1.4, openings for the entry of a conductor or conductors shall be provided with insulating bushings. 11.1.2 It should be noted that according to the National Electrical Code, 14 AWG (2.1 mm2) is the smallest conductor which the installer shall use for branch circuit wiring and thus is the smallest conductor that shall be anticipated at a terminal for the connection of a power supply wire. 11.1.3 A wire-binding screw, at a field wiring terminal, shall not be smaller than 10 AWG (4.8 mm diameter).

Exception No. 1: A 8 AWG (4.2 mm diameter) screw may be used at a terminal intended only for the connection of a 14 AWG (2.1 mm2) conductor. Exception No. 2: A 6 (3.5 mm diameter) screw may be used for the connection of a 16 AWG (1.3 mm2 ) or 18 AWG (0.82 mm2) control-circuit conductor. 11.1.4 A terminal plate for a wire binding screw shall be of metal not less than 0.030 inch (0.76 mm) in thickness for a 14 AWG (2.1 mm2) or smaller wire and not less than 0.050 inch (1.27 mm) in thickness for a wire larger than 14 AWG (2.1 mm2). In either case, there shall not be less than two full threads in the metal. 11.1.5 A terminal plate formed from stock having the minimum required thickness may have the metal extruded at the tapped hole for the binding screw to provide two full threads.

g

Exception: Two full threads are not required if a lesser number of threads results in a connection in which an D the threads will not strip with normal tightening torque in accordance with the values indicatedpinythe LT Standard for Wire Connectors and Soldering Lugs for Use With Copper Conductors, UL 486. to

By CTS 11.1.6 A wire binding screw shall thread into metal. ed DU d a RO lo than P 11.1.7 When leads are provided in lieu of wiring terminals, they shall not benless 6 inches (152 PMmm) w Y long. No such leads shall be smaller than 18 AWG (0.81 mm2). 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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11.2 Strain relief 11.2.1 Strain relief shall be provided so that a mechanical stress on a flexible cord or cable is not transmitted to terminals, splices, or interior wiring. 11.2.2 When a knot in a flexible cord serves as strain relief, a surface against which the knot bears or with which it comes into contact shall be free from projections, sharp edges, burrs, fins, etc., which are capable of causing abrasions to the insulation on the conductors. 11.3 Bushings 11.3.1 At a point where a flexible cord passes through an opening in a wall, barrier, or enclosing case, there shall be a bushing or the equivalent which shall provide a smoothly rounded surface against which the cord bears. 11.3.2 When the cord hole is in phenolic composition or other nonconducting material, a smoothly rounded surface is considered to be the equivalent of a bushing. 11.3.3 Ceramic materials and some molded compositions are not prohibited from being used for insulating bushings; however, bushings of wood and of hot-molded shellac are not to be used. 11.3.4 Fiber is not prohibited from being used where it is not subjected to a temperature higher than 90°C (194°F) under normal operating conditions when the bushing is not less than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) in thickness [with a minus tolerance of 1/64 inch (0.4 mm) for manufacturing variations] and when it is not exposed to moisture. 12 Spacings 12.1 A device shall provide reliably maintained spacings between uninsulated live parts and between uninsulated live parts and dead metal parts. Except as indicated in 12.6, the spacings shall not be less than those indicated in 12.2 – 12.5. 12.2 The spacing between an uninsulated live part and a wall or cover of a metal enclosure or a metal piece attached to a metal enclosure, where deformation of the enclosure is liable to reduce spacings, shall not be less than that indicated in Table 12.1.

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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Table 12.1 Minimum spacings Minimum spacingsa,b

Point of application To walls of enclosure: Cast metal enclosures Sheet metal enclosures Installation wiring terminals: With barriers

Without barriers

Voltage range, volts

Through air, inch (mm)

Over surface, inch (mm)

0 – 300

1/4

6.4

1/4

6.4

0 – 300

1/2

12.7

1/2

12.7

0 – 30

1/8

3.2

3/16

4.8

31 – 150 151 – 300

1/8 1/4

3.2 6.4

1/4 3/8

6.4 9.5

0 – 30 31 – 150 151 – 300

3/16 1/4 1/4

4.8 6.4 6.4

3/16 1/4 3/8

4.8 6.4 9.5

0 – 30 0 – 30 31 – 150 151 – 300

1/32 3/64 1/16 3/32

0.8 1.2 1.6 2.4

1/32 3/64 1/16 3/32

0.8 1.2 1.6 2.4

0 – 30 31 – 150 151 – 300

1/16 1/8 1/4

1.6 3.2 6.4

1/8 1/4 3/8

3.2 6.4 9.5

Rigidly clamped assemblies:c 100 volt-amperes maximumd Over 100 volt-amperes

Other parts

a An insulating liner or barrier of vulcanized fiber, varnished cloth, mica, phenolic composition, or similar material used where spacings are otherwise insufficient, shall not be less than 0.028 inch (0.71 mm) in thickness; except that a liner or barrier not less than 0.013 inch (0.33 mm) in thickness is not prohibited from being used in conjunction with an air spacing of not less than one-half of the through air spacing required. The liner shall be located so that it is not affected adversely by arcing. Insulating material having a thickness less than that specified is not prohibited from being used when it is suitable for the particular application. b Measurements are to be made with solid wire of adequate ampacity for the applied load connected to each terminal. In no case is the wire to be smaller than 18 AWG (0.82 mm2). c Rigidly clamped assemblies include such parts as contact springs on relays or cam switches, printed wiring boards, and the like. d Spacings less than those indicated, but not less than 1/64 inch (0.4 mm), are acceptable for the connection of integrated circuits and similar components where the spacing between adjacent connecting wires on the component is less than 1/32 inch (0.8 mm).

ng a y p partLTD 12.3 Except as noted in 12.6, the spacings between an uninsulated live part and an uninsulated live o t of opposite polarity, an uninsulated grounded dead metal part other than the enclosure, oryan exposed TS B C dead metal part which is isolated (insulated) shall be not less than that indicated in Table 12.1. ed DU d a O 12.4 When a short circuit between uninsulated live parts of the same polarity normal lo prevents PR thePM n w signaling operation of the device without simultaneously producing an alarm signal, the spacings between Y o 1 IT except:4 DTable such parts shall not be less than those indicated for ″Other parts″ in 12.1, in the case of R s 0 a rigidly clamped assemblies. CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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12.5 Enamel-insulated wire is considered to be a bare current-carrying part in determining compliance of a device with the spacing requirements, but enamel is acceptable as turn-to-turn insulation in coils. 12.6 Minimum values of spacings are not specified for printed wiring assemblies operating at 50 volts or less where the energy between the parts is limited to 100 volt-amperes or less. PERFORMANCE 13 General 13.1 Six samples of each design shall be provided in commercial form. 13.2 A door holder-release device or a door closer-holder with or without an integral smoke detector shall be subjected to the following tests except as modified or supplemented by requirements outlined under the section covering a specific device. 14 Normal Operation 14.1 A door closer-holder with or without an integral smoke detector shall release and the door shall come to the closed (latched) position in the event of interruption of electrical power to the device. 14.2 A door-holder release shall release in the event of interruption of electrical power to the device. 14.3 When equipment must be mounted in a definite position in order to function properly, it shall be tested in that position. 14.4 A unit shall be capable of performing its normal function when installed in accordance with 14.5 and 14.6. 14.5 The unit is to be mounted in the intended manner and its terminals connected as in service. 14.6 Devices are to be connected to circuits of rated voltage, current and frequency. 15 Endurance Test 15.1 When the design of a separate electromagnetic or electromechanical holder-release is such that binding or jamming of its parts prevents a fire door from being closed, the holder-release device shall be ng mounted in its intended manner and subjected to 100,000 cycles of operation. The unit shall be fully a y operable after this test and there shall be no undue wear of parts. p

D

to S LT y 15.2 For the endurance test of a combination door closer-holder with or without an B integral smoke CaTdoor d detector device, the test assembly shall consist of a single swinging door, ball bearing hinges, U e D d cycling mechanism, a door cycle counter, and the test sample. oa PRO l n PM w Y 15.3 The combination door closer-holder with or without integral smoke detector shall be installed in IT 41 Do opening. : R accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for a 90 ±5 degree door as CU 10 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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15.4 Before starting the cycling test, the door closer adjustable closing speed is to be examined by manually opening the door 90 degrees and then releasing the door: a) With the door closer valve(s) shut off, the door shall take 90 seconds or longer to fully close. b) With the door closer valve(s) open, the door shall fully close in 3 seconds or less. 15.5 The electrical control system of the test assembly is to be programmed to interrupt power to the electromagnet after a minimum of 3 seconds to hold open time, allowing the closer mechanism to bring the door to the closed position in 4 to 6 seconds and start a new cycle. This cycling rate of a minimum of 3 cycles per minute (average) is to be continued through 100,000 cycles. 15.6 At 4,000 cycles of the endurance test, the test door is to be placed in the hold open position by disconnecting the electrical timing features of the test apparatus and the door closer part of the combination closer-holder closing force is to be measured along a base line perpendicular to the closed test door and 30 inches (762 mm) from the test door pivot center with two marks provided, one at 3 inches (76.2 mm) and the other 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) from the door face. 15.7 The door closer is to be adjusted to provide the optimum closing force as specified by the manufacturer. The weight of the test door shall be in accordance with Table 15.1. Table 15.1 Minimum closing forces Test door weight, pounds

(kg)

100 125 150 200 250

45 57 68 90 114

Minimum closing force, pounds (N) 3 5 8 11 14

13 22 36 49 62

15.8 The test door is to be opened beyond the 3 inch (76.2 mm) mark. Holding the door open with a mechanical force gauge, the door is to be allowed to close slowly under the power of the door closer. The greatest force developed during closing is to be recorded as the door travels between the 3 inch (76.2 mm) and 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) marks.

ng

a 15.9 The recorded force shall equal or exceed the minimum values as specified in Table 15.1 for theytest D p door used. o LT t S y T B 15.10 At periodic intervals of operation, the cycle rate shall be measured and the closerdreadjusted, when C U e required, to close the door at a closing rate of 4 to 6 seconds. D d a RO lo P n PM by 15.11 At every 20,000 cycles of operation, the test door is to be placed in the Y hold open position w disconnecting the electrical timing features of the test apparatus, and the forceIT required :to override the 41 Do R s 0 U hold open feature of the combination door closer-holder is to be a measured. 1 W EC t S 7 n 0 I e 0 L m u GU 14/2 c Do By 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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15.12 The measurement is to be made with the test door open to a 90 degree opening position. A mechanical force gauge is to be connected to the latch edge of the test door at a position 38 – 40 inches (965 – 1016 mm) from the bottom of the door and at a point 30 inches (762 mm) from the pivot center of the door. The force required to override the hold open device is to be recorded and shall not exceed 50 pounds (223 N) of pull. 15.13 Similar measurements are to be made with the test door held open at 45 degrees as well as at 30 degrees. The force required to override the holding device shall not exceed 50 pounds (223 N) of pull. 15.14 After completion of the cycle tests, the power is to be adjusted to provide 85 and 110 percent of the rated voltage. Each device is to be cycled ten times when subjected to the under and overvoltage sources, and the hold open feature is to be observed to ensure proper operation and holding ability. 15.15 After completion of the tests, each combination closer-holder shall be dismantled and the parts inspected for wear, pitting, or other defects which impair its reliability. 16 Jarring Test 16.1 A device shall be capable of withstanding jarring resulting from impact and vibration, such as that experienced in service, without affecting its subsequent normal operation. 16.2 The device is to be mounted in a position of intended use to the center of a 6 by 4 foot (1.83 by 1.22 m), 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) thick plywood board which is secured in place at four corners. A 3 foot-pound (4.08 J) impact is to be applied to the center of the reverse side of this board. This impact is to be applied to the center of the reverse side of this board by means of a 1.18 pound (0.54 kg), 1-inch (25.4-mm) diameter steel sphere either swung through a pendulum arc, or dropped from a height (h) of 2.54 feet (775 mm), depending upon the mounting of the equipment. See Figure 16.1. This is generated text for figtxt.

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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Figure 16.1 Jarring test

17 Input Test 17.1 The power input to an electromagnetic fire door holder or smoke detector shall not exceed its marked rating by more than 10 percent when it is operated under the conditions of normal use and with the unit connected to a supply circuit of rated voltage and frequency. 18 Temperature Test 18.1 The materials employed in the construction of an electromagnetic holder or smoke detector shall not be adversely affected by the temperatures attained under any condition of normal operation.

ng

18.2 A material is considered to be adversely affected when it is subject to a temperature rise greater ya D p than that indicated in Table 18.1. o LT

t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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Table 18.1 Maximum temperature rises Normal standby, Device or material

Alarm condition,

°C

(°F)

°C

(°F)

75

135

75

135

80

144

80

144

95

171

95

171

100

180

100

180

25 25

45 45

40 65

72 117

25 25

45 45

50 50

90 90

25

45

75

135

25 35

45 63

65 75

117 135

45 55

81 99

85 95

153 171

25 50

45 50 90 125 See Note a

90 225

A. MOTORS 1. Class A insulation systems on coil windings of alternating current motors: a. In open motors and on vibrator coils Thermocouple or resistance method b. In totally enclosed motors Thermocouple or resistance method 2. Class B insulation systems on coil windings of alternating current motors: a. In open motors Thermocouple or resistance method b. In totally enclosed motors Thermocouple or resistance method B. COMPONENTS 1. Capacitors 2. Fuses 3. Rectifiers – at any point a. Germanium b. Selenium c. Silicon 4. Relays and other coils with: a. Class 105 insulated windings Thermocouple method Resistance method b. Class 130 insulated windings Thermocouple method Resistance method 5. Resistors a. Carbon b. Wire wound 6. Solid-state devices C. INSULATED CONDUCTORSb

ng a y D p T 2. Flexible cord – Types SJO, SJT 35 63 35 63 o L t D. ELECTRICAL INSULATION – GENERAL y TS B 1. Fiber used as electrical insulation or cord bushings 25 45 65 d 117C U e D 2. Phenolic composition used as electric insulation or 25 45 125 225 d a as parts where failure results in a hazardous condition RO lo P n PM 3. Varnished cloth 25 45w 60 108 Y 1 E. GENERAL Do RIT :4 s 0 1. Mounting surfaces 25 a 45 U 65 1 117 C E 2. Wood or other combustible material 25W 45 65 117 t S 7 0 I en 0 L /2 um GU 4 c 1 Do By 2/ : se U 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION PERMISSION FROM UL TableWITHOUT 18.1 Continued on Next Page 1. Appliance wiring material

25°C (45°F) less than the temperature limit of the wire

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Table 18.1 Continued Normal standby, Device or material

°C

(°F)

Alarm condition, °C

(°F)

a The temperature of a solid-state device (e.g., transistor, SCR, integrated circuits), shall not exceed 50 percent of its rating during the ″Normal standby″ condition. The temperature of a solid-state device shall not exceed 75 percent of its rated temperature under ″Alarm condition″ or any other condition of operation which produces the maximum temperature dissipation of its components. For reference purposes 0°C (32°F) shall be considered as 0 percent. For integrated circuits, the loading factor shall not exceed 50 percent of its rating under ″Normal standby″ condition and 75 percent under any other condition of operation. Both solid-state devices and integrated circuits may be operated up to the maximum ratings under any one of the following conditions:

1) The component complies with the requirements of MIL-STD. 883C. 2) A quality control program is established by the manufacturer consisting of inspection and test of 100 percent of all components, either on an individual basis, or as part of a subassembly, or equivalent. 3) Each assembled production unit is subjected to a burn-in test, under the condition which results in the maximum temperatures, for 24 hours while connected to a source of rated voltage and frequency in an ambient of at least 49°C (120°F) followed by a recalibration of the sensitivity and retested. b For standard insulated conductors other than those specified, reference shall be made to the National Electrical Code; the maximum allowable temperature rise in any case is 25°C (45°F) less than the temperature limit of the wire in question.

18.3 All values for temperature rises given in Table 18.1 apply to equipment intended for use with ambient temperatures normally prevailing in occupiable spaces which are not higher than 25°C (77°F) but capable of being as high as 49°C (120°F) occasionally and for brief periods. Tests of equipment for service with such ambient temperatures shall be conducted (without correction) with any ambient temperature in the range of 0 – 49°C (32 – 120°F). When equipment is intended specifically for use with a prevailing ambient temperature constantly more than 25°C (77°F), the test of the equipment is made with such higher ambient temperature, and the allowable temperature rises specified in the table are to be reduced by the amount of the difference between the higher ambient temperature and 25°C (77°F). A temperature is considered to be constant when three successive readings taken at intervals of 10 percent of the previously elapsed duration of the test, but not less than 5-minute intervals, indicate no change. 18.4 Except at coils, temperatures are to be measured by means of thermocouples consisting of wires not larger than 24 AWG (0.21 mm2). The preferred method of measuring the temperature of a coil is the thermocouple method; however, a temperature measurement by either the thermocouple or resistance g method is not prohibited, except that the thermocouple method is not to be used for a temperature an y measurement at any point where supplementary thermal insulation is used. p TD

to S L T 18.5 When thermocouples are used in the determination of temperatures in connection with the C heating U 2) iron ed (0.06Dmm of electrical devices, it is standard practice to use thermocouples consisting of 30 d AWG a O and constantan wires and a potentiometer-type indicating instrument. Suchlo equipment is to be used PR n whenever referee temperature measurements by thermocouples are required. PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s resistance 0 18.6 The temperature of a copper coil winding is determined by a the method by comparing the CU at-a 1 W resistance of the winding at the temperature to be determined with the resistance known temperature E t 07 IS by means of the formula: en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL By

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in which: T is the temperature to be determined in degrees C; R is the resistance in ohms at the temperature to be determined; r is the resistance in ohms at the known temperature; and t is the known temperature in degrees C. 18.7 A unit is to be connected to a supply circuit of rated voltage and frequency and operated continuously under representative normal service conditions that produce the highest temperature. 18.8 The circuit of a current-regulating resistor or reactor provided as a part of a detector is to be adjusted for the maximum resistance or reactance at normal current. 18.9 The duration of the test-operating condition is to be not less than: a) Operation until constant temperatures are attained during the normal supervisory condition. b) Operation for 1 hour during the normal alarm signaling condition of a detector designed to produce a continuous signal until it is restored to normal. 18.10 A transistor shall be operated so as to obtain not more than 50 percent of its rated operating temperature during the normal supervisory condition. The temperature of a solid-state device shall not exceed 75 percent of its rated operating temperature under any condition of operation of the complete unit which produces the maximum temperature dissipation of its components. For reference purposes, 0°C (32°F) shall be considered as 0 percent.

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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19 Holding Power Test 19.1 The holding power of an electromagnetic door holder shall be measured when the unit is connected to a source of rated voltage, to 85 percent of rated voltage, and also to 110 percent of rated voltage. The minimum force allowable is 15 pounds (67 N) when connected to 85 percent of rated voltage and a maximum of 50 pounds (223 N) when connected to 110 percent of rated voltage. 20 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test 20.1 A device shall be capable of withstanding, for 1 minute without breakdown, the application of a 60 hertz alternating potential as follows: a) Between all live parts and the enclosure or metal mounting surface; b) Between all live parts and exposed dead-metal parts; and c) Between live parts of circuits operating at different potentials or at different frequencies, except as indicated in 20.3. 20.2 In 20.1(c), the test potential shall be the value determined by the higher voltage of the different circuits. The test potential shall be: a) 500 volts for circuits operating at 50 volts or less. b) 1000 volts plus twice rated voltage for circuits operating at more than 50 volts. 20.3 Exposed dead-metal parts referred to in 20.1 are noncurrent-carrying metal parts which become energized and accessible from outside of the enclosure of a unit during normal operation. 20.4 To determine when a device complies with the requirements of 20.1 – 20.3, it is to be tested by means of a 500 volt-ampere or larger capacity testing transformer, the output voltage of which is capable of being regulated; the wave form of the voltage should approximate a sine wave as closely as possible. The applied potential is to be increased gradually from zero until the required test value is reached, and is to be held at that value for 1 minute. 20.5 A printed-wiring assembly shall be capable of withstanding without breakdown for a period of 1 minute the application of a direct-current potential as follows:

ng a y D a) Between printed wiring parts of opposite polarity and p T o L t b) Between printed wiring parts of different potential or different frequency. By CTS d U de ofOD 20.6 In 20.5(b) the test potential shall be the value determined by the higheravoltage the different o PR circuits. The test potential shall be: nl PM w Y 1 T Do RIand :4 a) 500 volts for circuits operating at 50 volts or less wheres the location relative 0 U a arrangement of the parts are such that separation is W assured. EC -1 t 07 IS en operating 0 L b) 1000 volts plus twice the rated voltage for circuits at more than 50 volts. /2 um GU 4 c 1 Do By 2/ : se U 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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20.7 Rated voltage is the maximum peak potential between the parts measured with the unit connected to a supply circuit of maximum rated voltage as described in 14.4. 21 Abnormal Operation Test 21.1 Failure of electrical components of an electromagnetic fire door holder (such as opening or shorting of a rectifier or capacitor) shall not prevent release of an electromagnet and shall not result in a risk of fire or electric shock. 22 Fire Tests of Swinging Door Closer-Holders With Integral Smoke Detectors 22.1 Corridor test 22.1.1 Each detector integral with a door closer-holder, subjected to the following tests, shall operate for alarm when installed as intended in service and exposed to the following four types of controlled test fires. The maximum response time shall be 4 minutes for Tests A, B, and D, and 3 minutes for Test C. All combustibles shall be ignited with the device as described in 22.6.1. The bottom of the container for all combustibles is to be 3 feet (0.9 m) above the floor. Both the paper and wood brand are to be preconditioned in a relative humidity of 50 ±5 percent at a temperature of 23 ±2°C (73.4±3.0°F) for at least 48 hours prior to the test. 22.2 Paper fire – test A 22.2.1 The following materials and procedures shall be used for the paper fire test: a) Combustible – Shredded newsprint (black printing only) is to be cut in strips 1/4 to 3/8 inch (6 to 10 mm) wide, 1 to 4 inches (25.4 to 102 mm) long, total weight 1-1/2 oz (42.6 g). The paper is to be poured into the receptacle, see 22.2.1(b), with the bottom covered temporarily by a flat plate. The receptacle is to be tamped periodically during the pouring operation until the paper contents are even with the top of the receptacle. The paper is then to be further tamped by hand or by a rod 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter until the paper level is 4 inches (102 mm) below the top edge of the receptacle. A hole 1 inch (25.4 mm) diameter is to be formed through the center from top to bottom of the paper. The temporary bottom plate is then to be removed and the assembly mounted 3 feet (0.9 m) above the floor on a 5 inch (127 mm) diameter ring support. b) Receptacle – To be formed of 1/32 inch (0.79 mm) thick sheet metal, 4 inches (102 mm) in g diameter and 12 inches (0.3 m) high and seamed together, with no air gap at the seam, with an y support rods at the bottom. p

D

to S LT y c) Point of Ignition – The probe tips of the igniter are to be placed at the bottom B center of the CT d receptacle touching the paper and arcing sustained for up to 5 seconds. U e ad ROD o l P d) Smoke Profile – For this test the following conditions apply: n PM w Y 1 IT Do :4 1) Flame breakthrough shall occur between 1 – 3sminutes.UR 0 a C -1 W E t S between 2) The first principal peak of light obscuration 07 1 – 3 minutes. I occur en shall 0 L m 2 U G 4/ cupercent 3) Smoke shall peak at 10 – 16.8 per foot obscuration, 0.046 – 0.080 optical 1 o y / 2 density per foot (0.15 – 0.26D OD/m). B : se 1 U r 98 4 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 1 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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4) There shall be at least 5 – 20 seconds of 4 percent per foot, 0.018 optical density per foot (0.058 OD/m) or higher obscuration. 5) The secondary peak shall not exceed 10 percent per foot obscuration, 0.046 optical density per foot (0.15 OD/m). 6) Length of test shall be 4 minutes. 22.3 Wood fire – test B 22.3.1 The following materials and procedures shall be used for the wood fire test: a) Combustiblea – A wood brand formed of three layers of kiln-dried fir strips, each strip 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) square in cross section, 6 inches (152 mm) long with six strips in each layer, is to be used. Wood strips are to be nailed or stapled together with adjacent layers at right angles to each other. Overall dimensions of the wood brand are to be 6 by 6 by 2-1/2 inches (152 by 152 by 64 mm). The brand is to be supported on a 5-inch (127-mm) diameter ring support 3 feet (0.9 m) above the test room floor. b) Promoter – The wood brand is to be ignited by burning 3 – 5 milliliters of denatured alcohol consisting of 190 proof (95 percent) ethanol to which 5 percent methanol is added as a denaturant. The alcohol is to be placed in a 1-1/2 inch (38 mm) diameter, 1 inch (25.4 mm) deep metal container, the bottom of which is to be 3-1/2 inches (89 mm) below the bottom of the wood brand and centered so that the flame does not break through the top of the wood brand. The container is to be supported by a 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) hardware cloth. The alcohol is to be placed in the container no earlier than 30 seconds prior to ignition. c) Point of Ignition – Ignition is to be by probes in alcohol. Probe tips of the igniter are to be placed as near the container lip as possible without arcing to the sides. d) Smoke Profile – For this test the following conditions apply: 1) Smoke buildup shall begin at 80 – 120 seconds. 2) There shall be at least 30 seconds of 4 percent per foot, 0.018 optical density per foot (0.058 OD/m), or higher obscuration.

g

n 3) Maximum obscuration shall not exceed 17 percent per foot, 0.081 optical density per ya foot (0.265 OD/m). p

D

to S LT y 4) Flame breakthrough shall occur at 150 – 190 seconds. B CT d U e D d 5) Length of test shall be 4 minutes. oa PRO l n PM w Y aDouglas fir, type S4 (smooth on all sides) clear of knots and holes, weight of 1.05 – 1.32 pounds per 41 Do RIT : 10-foot length. as CU 10 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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22.4 Gasoline fire – test C 22.4.1 The following materials and procedures shall be used for the gasoline fire test: a) Combustible – Consists of 50 ml of regular leaded gasoline to be burned in a metal receptacle. b) Receptacle – Stainless steel, 6-1/4 inches (158 mm) in diameter and 1-1/4 inch (32 mm) deep, the bottom having a 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) rounded base, located 3 feet (0.9 m) above the test room floor and centered with a ring support. The gasoline is to be poured into the receptacle 30 seconds prior to ignition. c) Point of Ignition – The probe tips of the igniter are to be placed so that they are above the lip of the pan and not extending into the pan. This results in ignition of the vapors above the gasoline. d) Smoke Profile – For this test the following conditions apply: 1) Smoke buildup shall begin at 20 – 30 seconds. 2) The flame shall not extinguish before 120 seconds. 3) 10 percent per foot obscuration, 0.046 optical density per foot (0.15 OD/m), shall occur at 140 – 160 seconds. 4) Maximum obscuration shall not exceed 17 percent per foot, 0.081 optical density per foot (0.265 OD/m). 5) Length of test shall be 3 minutes. 6) At the termination of the test (180 seconds) smoke buildup shall be between 11 – 15 percent per foot obscuration, 0.051 – 0.071 optical density per foot (0.166 – 0.232 OD/m). 22.5 Polystyrene fire – test D 22.5.1 The following materials and procedures shall be used for the polystyrene fire test:

ng a y D a) Combustible – Consists of 2 ounces (56.8 g) of foam, polystyrene-type packing material, p T o L a density between 1.5 – 2.0 lb/ft3 (24 – 32 kg/m3), with no flame inhibitor, each piece being t truncated prism 1 inch (25.4 mm) on each side and 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) high. By CTS ed DU d b) Receptacle – To be formed of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) mesh hardware cloth, 18 O (457 mm) oa Pinches R l high by 6 inches (152 mm) in diameter with a hardware cloth bottom, centered on a ringPM n w Y support. The combustible is to be poured into the receptacle and leveled out. 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU c) Promoter – The combustible is to be ignited with 5W millilitersEdenatured alcohol - 1 placed in a 4 t inch (102 mm) diameter 1-1/2 inch (38 mm) deepnmetal container 07the wire basket. The 4 I S under e 0 L inch (102 mm) container shall be placed in am larger, 9-inch (230-mm) /2 diameter, container. The u ring upon GU which1the 4 c containers are to be centered on the support wire-mesh basket rests and o y / Bbasket 2 placed as close to the bottom of theD wire mesh as possible allowing for probe : e s placement. 1 r U 498 o F UL COPYRIGHTED 1 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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d) Point of Ignition – Alcohol is to be poured over one piece of polystyrene and placed between the probe tips of the igniter in the smaller container 30 seconds prior to ignition. Ignition is to be by a 2 second arc. e) Smoke Profile – For this test the following conditions apply: 1) Smoke buildup shall occur at 40 – 60 seconds. 2) 10 percent per foot obscuration, 0.046 optical density per foot (0.15 OD/m), shall occur at 210 – 220 seconds. 3) After obtaining 10 percent per foot obscuration, the buildup shall remain between 10 – 16.75 percent per foot, 0.046 – 0.077 optical density per foot (0.15 – 0.25 OD/m). 4) Length of test shall be 4 minutes. 22.6 Igniter assembly 22.6.1 The igniter assembly is to consist of the following or equivalent components: a) Igniter Probes – The metal probes, 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) diameter and tapered at the ends to form a point and maintained 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) apart, are to be connected to the high-voltage insulated output leads of an oil burner ignition transformer; see 22.6.1(c). Adjustment and support for the probes is to be provided by metal clamps affixed to a vertical steel bar integral with the igniter assembly. b) Support – A ring clamp, 5 inches (128 mm) diameter is clamped to a ring stand to support the container holding the combustible. c) Ignition Source – Consists of a 120-volt, 60-hertz primary, 10,000-volt, 23-ma secondary oil burner ignition transformer, the output of which is to be connected to the igniter probes. The arc used for ignition is to be obtained by the closure of a remote, low-voltage, momentary-contact switch which energizes a relay whose contacts control the transformer primary. 22.6.2 The fire tests are to be conducted in an 18 by 10 by 10 foot (5.45 by 3.1 by 3.1 m) corridor having a smooth ceiling with no physical obstructions. Air movement in the test room shall be essentially zero. The distance from the base of the combustible to the ceiling shall be 7 feet (2.1 m). The room is to be g provided with a means for the removal of smoke. Heating, humidity, and air conditioning are to a ben y provided for maintaining the room ambient, when required, and are to be shut down during the test p trial.LTD o All monitoring equipment and personnel shall be located outside the corridor during the test. See Figure t 22.1. TS By This is generated text for figtxt.

C ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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Figure 22.1 Corridor layout

A. Fire Test Corridor Dimensions. 1) Length – 22 feet (6.7 m). 2) Width – 10 feet (3.0 m). 3) Ceiling – Height 10 feet (3.0 m) suspended type. Consists of 2 by 4 feet (0.6 by 1.2 m) and by 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) thick incombustible, fissured, mineral-fiber panels. B. Test Fire 1) 3 feet (0.91 m) above floor. C. Lamp Assembly – Low-voltage, automotive spotlight-type 4515, rated at 6 volts DC. The distance from the lamp (lens face) to photocell is to be exactly 5 feet (1.52 m). The lamp is to be operated from a regulated voltage supply at 2.40 volts, which yields a lamp color temperature 2373°K±50°K. At that level, the photocell current should be 100 ±25 microamperes into 100 ohms. The lamp shall not cause random meter fluctuations.

ng a sealed against environment. Photocell has a 25 percent maximum deviation from true linearity at 200 foot-candles (2152 lm/m2y p ) with2 LTD o a 200-ohm load resistance, and has a sensitivity of 4.4 ±0.3 microamperes per foot-candle (0.416 ±0.046 microamperes per ) t lm/m S y flowing through a 200-ohm load (meter resistance or other). The photocell (in use) is loaded with a nominal 100 ohms, 1 percent T B d lm/mU2).CSpectral load, trimmed with a 5000-ohms, 10-turn potentiometer, and is nominally illuminated at 22 foot-candlese(236.7 d response peak is between 530 and 580 nanometers with 30 percent sensitivity response at 350 anda OD o 660 nanometers. R l P n PM w Y E. Air Supply. 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU F. Exhaust Vents. -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L G. Test Panel, Door Mounted Detectors – See Figure 22.2. m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ H. Measuring Ionization Chamber (MIC), See 23.8. : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL D. Photocell Assembly – Selenium barrier layer type, 1.5 inch (38 mm) diameter for active area. Photovoltaic cell active material is

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Figure 22.2 Detector and photobeam mounting for corridor tests

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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22.6.3 The tests are to be conducted in an ambient temperature between 20.0 and 25.5°C (68 and 78°F) and a relative humidity of 50 ±5 percent. The detector samples are to be energized from a source of supply in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The smoke detector sensitivities shall be within ±25 percent of each other. 22.6.4 All detector samples, each adjusted to its least sensitive setting, shall respond to each combustible. The test time is to start at ignition. The smoke obscuration level is to be monitored by a photocell/light beam assembly mounted and spaced 5 feet (1.5 m) apart. See notes (c) and (d) to Figure 22.1 for a description of this assembly. 22.6.5 Two samples of door closer-holders with integral smoke detectors are to be mounted on a 36 by 80 inch (0.9 by 2 m) door which is framed in at the exhaust end of the corridor and left open during each test to simulate an actual field installation. The samples are to be installed just above the door lintel, one unit on the front and one on the rear. The detectors shall be staggered so as not to interfere with smoke flow under the lintel, and are to be mounted in their end-use enclosures. See Figure 22.2. 22.6.6 To determine the acceptability of each test fire, the smoke profile curves as described in each fire test shall be obtained for the applicable combustible. For typical profiles, see the smoke profile curves in Figure 22.3. This is generated text for figtxt.

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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Figure 22.3 Typical profiles

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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22.7 Limited open-area test (optional) 22.7.1 When limited open-area protection is desired, such as may be employed for a hospital room, the following optional fire test may be performed. Each detector shall operate for alarm when installed as intended in service and exposed to the same combustibles used in the Corridor Tests. The maximum response time shall be 4 minutes for Tests A and B, 3 minutes for Test C, and 2 minutes for Test D. 22.8 Paper fire – test A 22.8.1 Same as Test A, 22.2, except for the following smoke profile conditions: a) Flame breakthrough shall occur between 1 – 3 minutes. b) The first principal peak of light obscuration shall occur between 1 – 3 minutes. c) Smoke shall peak at 27 – 37 percent per foot obscuration, 0.136 – 0.2 optical density per foot (0.45 – 0.66 OD/m). d) There shall be at least 20 – 40 seconds of 4 percent per foot, 0.018 optical density per foot (0.058 OD/m) or higher obscuration. e) The secondary peak shall not exceed 13 percent per foot obscuration, 0.061 optical density per foot (0.198 OD/m). f) Length of test shall be 4 minutes. 22.9 Wood fire – test B 22.9.1 Same as Test B, 22.3, except for the following smoke profile conditions: a) Smoke buildup shall begin at 80 – 120 seconds. b) There shall be at least 60 seconds of 4 percent per foot, 0.018 optical density per foot (0.058 OD/m), or higher obscuration. c) Maximum obscuration shall not exceed 17 percent per foot, 0.081 optical density per foot (0.265 OD/m).

ng a y D d) Flame breakthrough shall occur at 150 – 190 seconds. p T o L t e) Length of the test shall be 4 minutes. By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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22.10 Gasoline fire – test C 22.10.1 Same as Test C, 22.4, except that 30 ml of the combustible are used, and with the following smoke profile conditions: a) Smoke buildup shall begin at 20 – 30 seconds. b) The flame shall not extinguish before 120 seconds. c) 10 percent per foot obscuration, 0.046 optical density per foot (0.15 OD/m), shall occur at 90 – 130 seconds. d) Maximum obscuration shall not exceed 17 percent per foot, 0.081 optical density per foot (0.265 OD/m). e) Length of test shall be 3 minutes. f) At the termination of the test (180 seconds) smoke buildup shall be between 11 – 15 percent per foot obscuration, 0.051 – 0.071 optical density per foot (0.166 – 0.232 OD/m). 22.11 Polystyrene fire – test D 22.11.1 Same as Test D, 22.5, except that 1 ounce (28.4 g) of the combustible is used, and with the following smoke profile conditions: a) Smoke buildup shall occur at 35 – 45 seconds. b) 10 percent per foot obscuration, 0.046 optical density per foot (0.15 OD/m), shall occur at 70 – 90 seconds. c) After obtaining the 10 percent per foot obscuration, the buildup shall remain between 10 – 13 percent per foot, 0.046 – 0.061 optical density per foot (0.15 – 0.198 OD/m). d) Length of test shall be 2 minutes. 22.11.2 The limited open-area fire tests are to be conducted in a room having a smooth ceiling with no physical obstructions. Actual room dimensions will vary depending upon coverage desired. Air movement ng in the test room shall be essentially zero. The distance from the base of the combustible to the ceiling shall a y be 7 feet (2.1 m). The room is to be provided with humidity, temperature, and smoke removal control. p AllLTD o monitoring equipment and personnel shall be located outside the room during the test. See Figure 22.4. t This is generated text for figtxt.

By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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Figure 22.4 Limited open-area protection test area

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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22.11.3 The tests are to be conducted in the ambient described by 22.3.1. The samples are to be energized from a source of supply in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The smoke detector sensitivities shall be within ±25 percent of each other. 22.11.4 Each detector sample, mounted in the door closer-holder enclosure and adjusted to its least sensitive setting, shall respond to each combustible. The test time is to start at ignition. The smoke obscuration level is to be monitored by a photocell/light beam assembly mounted on the ceiling, one foot (300 mm) from the wall on which sample units are mounted. The assembly center is 4 inches (102 mm) from the ceiling. See Figure 22.4 for description of the photocell/light beam assembly. 22.11.5 Two samples are to be mounted on the wall at the following distances from the ceiling (depending on ceiling height desired) in accordance with Table 22.1. The detectors are to be mounted as intended in service as close together as possible on the same level. See Figure 22.4. Table 22.1 Wall mount distances Simulated ceiling height,

Distance from ceiling,

feet

(m)

inches

(mm)

8 9 10

2.4 2.7 3.1

16 28 40

405 710 1015

22.11.6 To determine the acceptability of each test fire, the smoke profile curves as described in each fire test shall be obtained for the applicable combustible. For typical profiles, see the smoke profile curves in Figure 22.3. 23 Smoldering Smoke Test 23.1 Each detector integral with a door closer-holder shall operate for alarm when installed as intended in service and exposed to the following controlled smoldering smoke conditions. The bottom of the hot plate is to be 9 inches (22.9 cm) above the floor. 23.2 Detectors adjusted to the minimum production sensitivity are to be used for this test. 23.3 The combustible for this test is to be ten Ponderosa pine sticks (nonresinous, free from knots or pitches) placed in a spoke pattern on the hotplate so that the sticks are 36 degrees apart. The end of each g n stick is to be flush with the edge of the hotplate. Each stick is to be 3 by 1 by 3/4 inch (76.2 by 25.4 yaby D p 19.1 mm) with the 3/4 by 3 inch face in contact with the hotplate. All surfaces of each stick are to to SbeLT relatively smooth and free from burrs or holes. The grain of the wood is to be parallel to theystick length. B oven. Each stick is to be conditioned for not less than 48 hours at 52°C (125°F) in an air-circulating CTThe d U e stick weight is to be 16 ±2 grams following the oven conditioning. D d

a RO lo M P n having anw8-1/2-inch (216-mm) P diameter 23.4 The heat source is to be a 240-volt, 1550-watt Y o 1 IT mm) above by 1/4-inch (6.4-mm) thick steel plate, the topmost portion of which isD 8 inches (200 :4 2 the floor. R s 0 The temperature of the hotplate is to be monitored by an iron-constantan 30 AWG (0.05 a 1 mm ) (Type J) CU -0.015 Wits junction E thermocouple attached to the edge of the steel plate by placing in a hole inch (0.38 mm) t S 7 n 0 I in diameter and 1/4 inch deep and peening over the e opening to secure it. The thermocouple is to be 0 L m 2 U / connected to a proportioning temperature controller capable of being precisely set for the desired hotplate u G 4 c y all conditions /1 for this test are met. Once set temperature. The controller sensitivity is adjusted Do suchBthat 2 for a specific temperature, the hotplate shall bese maintained :at that temperature (as monitored by a 1 U temperature measuring meter). Prior to the start of the test,8the hotplate temperature shall be 23 ±2°C (73 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL hotplateb,

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±4°F). The initial proportioning controller temperature setting shall be 250°C (482°F). The hotplate and controller are then to be energized and the test time started (T = 0). The proportioning controller setting is to be increased to obtain the temperature sequence included in Table 23.1 and Figure 23.1. (The hotplate temperature normally lags the controller setting by 2 minutes during incremental increases.) bAn

Emerson Electric Company Series PH-400 Chromalox hotplate is capable of being used for this purpose. Table 23.1 Hotplate temperature Time (minutes) 00 – 3 3 or more

Hotplate temperature, °C (°F) 23 ±1 (73 ±3.6) increased 68.3°C (123°F)/minute to 205°C (401°F) Increased 3.2°C/minute (5.8°F/minute) for remainder of test

This is generated text for figtxt.

Figure 23.1 Hotplate temperature profile

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a RO lo P n PMunder 23.5 The Smoldering Smoke Test is to be conducted in the same room and ambientYconditions and w 1 the same mounting conditions as employed for the Fire Tests. See 22.6.2, ITand 22.6.5 Do 22.6.3, :4 for corridor R s 0 tests, or 22.11.2 and 22.11.5 for limited open-area tests. The detector samples a CU are-to1be energized from W E a source of supply in accordance with 14.6. t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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23.6 All detectors shall respond to the test trial before the obscuration level exceeds 7.0 percent per foot (21.1 percent/m) 0.031 OD/foot (0.10 OD/m) at the detector location as measured by the photocell-lamp assembly described in notes (c) and (d) to Figure 22.1. Flaming of the wood shall not occur before the obscuration level is reached. 23.7 For this test, the visible smoke buildup rate is to be maintained within the limits illustrated in Figure 23.2 for the corridor test or Figure 23.3 for the limited open-area test. At no time during the test trial shall the light transmission decay rate exceed 9 microamperes per minute as measured over the length of the 5-foot (1.5 m) light beam. This is generated text for figtxt.

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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Figure 23.2 Light transmission as a function of time (corridor)

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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Figure 23.3 Light transmission as a function of time (limited open-area)

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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23.8 A measuring ionization chamber (MIC)c is to be used to measure the relative buildup of particles of combustion during the test. The MIC utilizes the ionization principle with air drawn through the chamber at a rate of 25 ±5 liters per minute by a regulated vacuum pump. The monitoring head is to be located as shown in Figure 22.1, 22.2, or 22.3 for corridor or limited open-area tests, respectively. cCerberus

Ltd., Mannedorf, Switzerland, or Electronikcentralen, Horsholm, Denmark, Measuring Ionization Chamber (MIC), Type EC23095. 23.9 Prior to the test, the MIC shall be calibrated in clean air for a value of 100 picoamperes. As the smoke level increases during the test, the meter reading will decrease. 23.10 To determine the acceptability of the test trial, the relationship between the MIC output (ordinate) and the percent light transmission (abscissa) shall be plotted at 1 minute intervals during the test. The points generated shall remain within the curves illustrated in Figure 23.4 or 23.5 for corridor or limited open-area tests, respectively.

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Figure 23.4 Light transmission or obscuration as a function of mic output (corridor)

ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL

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Figure 23.5 Light transmission or obscuration as a function of mic output (limited open-area)

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24 Insulating Materials Test 24.1 Insulating materials used for enclosures and the support of current-carrying parts that do not comply with the requirements for the material (see 3.1) shall be subjected to the following test. 24.2 Mounted and unmounted samples shall be subjected to a temperature of 90°C (194°F) for 7 hours. They shall not distort or be otherwise affected so that operation is inhibited. 24.3 Samples of the device shall be exposed to a temperature of 90°C (194°F) for 7 days. Attempts shall then be made to ignite the insulating material at different points by drawing an arc from a 130-volt, direct-current source that is limited to 0.5 ampere by series resistance when the probes used to draw the arc are shorted together. MARKING 25 General 25.1 A unit shall be plainly and permanently marked with the manufacturer’s or vendor’s name or identifying symbol and a distinctive catalog number or the equivalent and the voltage, frequency, and input in amperes or watts. When the unit is for use on direct current, the marking shall so specify. 25.2 When information is required for the proper operation of any manually operated part, it shall be provided. 25.3 Unless the proper wiring connections are plainly evident, installation wiring terminals or wire leads shall be marked to indicate the connections. 25.4 Special marking as to mounting, when equipment is required to be mounted in a definite position, shall be provided. 25.5 Wiring or mounting instructions are not prohibited from being provided on separate drawings and are not required to be included as part of the permanent marking on the unit. 25.6 When a manufacturer produces units at more than one factory, each unit shall have a distinctive marking to identify it as the product of a particular factory.

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APPENDIX A Standards for Components Standards under which components of the products covered by this standard are evaluated include the following: Title of Standard − UL Standard Designation

Smoke Detectors for Fire Protective Signaling Systems – UL 268 Systems of Insulating Materials – General – UL 1446

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ng a y D p T o L t By CTS ed DU d a O lo PR n PM w Y 1 Do RIT :4 s 0 a CU -1 W E t 07 IS en 0 L m 2 U 4/ cu y G 1 o D B 2/ : e Us 81 r 9 Fo UL COPYRIGHTED 14 MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL