La Finance Islamique: Fondements, Théorie Et Réalité: Cahier 2001-20

Cahier 2001-20

La finance islamique: fondements, théorie et réalité

MARTENS, André

Département de sciences économiques Université de Montréal Faculté des arts et des sciences C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville Montréal (Québec) H3C 3J7 Canada http://www.sceco.umontreal.ca [email protected] Téléphone : (514) 343-6539 Télécopieur : (514) 343-7221

Ce cahier a également été publié par le Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en économie quantitative (CIREQ) sous le numéro 20-2001. This working paper was also published by the Center for Interuniversity Research in Quantitative Economics (CIREQ), under number 20-2001.

ISSN 0709-9231

CAHIER 2001-20

LA FINANCE ISLAMIQUE : FONDEMENTS, THÉORIE ET RÉALITÉ André MARTENS1

1

Centre de recherche et développement en économique (C.R.D.E.) et Département de sciences économiques, Université de Montréal

Septembre 2001

__________________________ *

Conférence présidentielle, 41e congrès de la Société canadienne de science économique, Québec, les 16 et 17 mai 2001. Une grande partie du matériel qui servit à l’élaboration de ce texte a été rassemblée, au Caire, en 1999, lors d’un séjour que je fis au Forum pour la recherche économique dans les pays arabes, l’Iran et la Turquie. Je remercie également mes collègues Abraham Hollander, Fethy Mili et François Vaillancourt, ainsi que Glyn R. Berry, du Haut commissariat du Canada au Pakistan, et mon ancien étudiant, Marc Bellemare, d’avoir attiré mon attention sur des sources documentaires additionnelles qui me furent fort utiles.

Note : Ceux des mots arabes écrits en italiques dans le texte respectent le système de translittération de l’arabe au français adopté par l’(QF\FORSpGLH GH O¶,VODP (Éditions G.-P. Maisonneuve et Larose, Paris, 1994).

ABSTRACT The practice of ULEƗ (« usury » or « interest » in Arabic) is forbidden by Islam. This prohibition is inscribed in Islamic Law originating during the Middle Ages in The Arab Peninsula. It is at the core of what is called « Islamic finance », having had a remarkable expansion in the second part of the twentieth century. This article focuses on the origin of ULEƗ prohibition, the problems facing Islamic finance at the eve of the third millennium and the development prospects of Islamic financial institutions. Key words : ULEƗ, usury, Islamic finance, economic development

RÉSUMÉ L’Islam interdit le ULEƗ, mot arabe signifiant à la fois usure et intérêt. L’interdiction du ULEƗ figure dans la loi islamique, née dans l’Arabie du Moyen Âge. Elle est à la base de la finance islamique qui connut une expansion remarquable durant la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle. Nous nous interrogeons sur les origines de cette interdiction, sur les problèmes que connaît actuellement la finance islamique et sur ses perspectives d’avenir. Mots clés : ULEƗ, usure, finance islamique, développement économique





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B. PASSIF (sources de fonds)

A. ACTIF (utilisations de fonds)

Tableau 3 : L’actif et le passif d’une banque islamique









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