Module – – – – – – – – 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Well Completions Well Completions Well Completions Well Completions Well Completions Well Completions Well Completions Well Completions
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Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors Module – 11 Well Completions Schlumberger Private
Section – 1 Introduction to Well Completions
1/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completion – Definition
Schlumberger Private
Definition: The methodology and technology required to produce recoverable reserves (reservoir to surface). Process: The design, selection and installation of tubulars, tools and equipment, located in the wellbore, for the purpose of conveying, pumping or controlling production (or injection) fluids.
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
2/49
Introduction to Well Completion
Completion History / Evolution
Schlumberger Private
1300 Marco Polo – wells dug at Caspian Sea 1814 First naturally flowing oil well – 475 ft 1822 Rudimentary art of drilling established 1905 Casing cemented 1911 First gas lift device 1913 First dual completion 1926 First electric submersible pump 1933 First gun perforation job 1963 Commercial coiled tubing services introduced
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
3/49
Introduction to Well Completion
Well Completions – Evolution Over the last years Well Completion has been affected by: Schlumberger Private
1. Philosophy 2. Technology 3. Applications 4. Safety 5. Contingency C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
4/49
400
200
100
/D em as ob Dr ing illi n Dr g R illi ng ig C Flu om id pl Lo s et gg io n in Di g Tu re & bu ct Pe io Bit la na rfo rs s& & l Se ra ti C C Eq ng em o r rv ui ic pm en ing Su es tin pe en g r t vis Sit e io n P Re rep nt a Pe a l E ra ti rso q on u O nn ip m th e er l L en og t C am ist ic p s
300
M ob
500
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Schlumberger Private
C. Alvarez
C
US$ x 1000
Introduction to Well Completion Completion Cost
Operational Phase/Cost Category
Completion cost (relative) example for a 10,000 ft land well 5/49
Introduction to Well Completion
Completion Design Factors Well Completion Design Factors include:
1. Casing protection e.g., protection against erosion, corrosion Schlumberger Private
2. Tubing string removal
e.g., for replacement or workover for the live of the well
3. Safety or contingency
e.g., requirements for safety valves and well kill
4. Production control C. Alvarez
e.g., components providing flexibility and control of production (nipples, profiles and sliding sleeves Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
6/49
Introduction to Well Completion Basic Production Configurations Most Well Completions are based on the following configurations:
1. Reservoir interface Openhole Casing production Liner production Gravel pack wellbore Deviation
Schlumberger Private
2. Production conduit C. Alvarez
Suspended tubing Basic packer Packer and tailpipe Packer with additional safety and production devices Multiple Conduits Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
7/49
Introduction to Well Completion Open Hole Production Key Features: Schlumberger Private
No downhole flow control or isolation Producing formation is unsupported Casing provides isolation between shallower formations
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
8/49
Introduction to Well Completion Casing Production Key Features: Schlumberger Private
No downhole flow control or isolation Casing provides isolation between shallower formations with potential for remedial work to isolate sections of perforated interval
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
9/49
Introduction to Well Completion Liner Production Key Features: Schlumberger Private
Similar to casing production but with smaller (and shorter) tubulars set through the reservoir
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
10/49
Introduction to Well Completion Gravel Pack Wellbore Key Features: Schlumberger Private
Special application - requirement determined by formation type
May require special operation (under reaming) during well construction phase
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
11/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions with Screens for Sand Control
Schlumberger Private
Wire wrapped screen
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Prepacked screen 12/49
Introduction to Well Completion Simple Tubing Completion Key features: Schlumberger Private
Circulation capability (well kill or kick-off) Improves hydraulic performance Limited protection for casing
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
13/49
Introduction to Well Completion Basic Packer Completion Key features:
Tubing Anchoring Schlumberger Private
Isolation of Production Interval Circulation capability (determined by design and setting of packer)
Casing string protected from fluid and pressure effects
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
14/49
Introduction to Well Completion Packer with Tailpipe Key features Schlumberger Private
Additional flexibility for downhole production (flow)control, e.g., plugs
Facility for downhole instruments (gauges)
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
15/49
Introduction to Well Completion Enhanced Packer Installation Key features Schlumberger Private
Improved flexibility for downhole production control, e.g., plugs above or below packer
Circulation capability independent of packer
Safety facility (SSSV)
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
16/49
Introduction to Well Completion Examples of Well Completion Configurations: 1. Single zone completions Schlumberger Private
2. Multiple zone completions 3. Liner completions 4. Special completions C. Alvarez
Sand control Inhibitor injection Water flooding Thermal Remedial (scab liner) Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
17/49
Introduction to Well Completion Single Zone – Retrievable Packer Key Features: Schlumberger Private
Hydraulically set Tail-pipe facility for pressure and temperature gauges Fully retrievable completion Packer can be set with well flanged up Thru-tubing perforation possible where size permits C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
18/49
Introduction to Well Completion Single Zone – Seal-Bore Packer Key Features: Schlumberger Private
Seal-bore packer set on electric-line or tubing On-off connector and tubing anchor allows tubing to be retrieved
Tailpipe plugged and left in wellbore or retrieved with production tubing
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
19/49
Introduction to Well Completion Single Zone – Packer and Tailpipe Key Features: Schlumberger Private
Tailpipe plugged and left in wellbore when production tubing is retrieved
Permits safe thru-tubing perforating Block and kill system facilitates the killing of high-pressure, high-flow rate wells
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
20/49
Introduction to Well Completion Multiple Zones – 2 Zones 1 Packer Key Features: Schlumberger Private
Separate or commingled production through single tubing string
Blast joint protection across upper interval On-off connector and tubing anchor permits tubing retrieval with lower interval isolated
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
21/49
Introduction to Well Completion Multiple Zones – Two Zones, Two Packers Key Features:
Independent production through dual tubing strings Schlumberger Private
Blast joint protection across upper interval Both packers retrievable Tailpipe instrument facility on both strings Thru-tubing perforation of lower zone possible
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
22/49
Introduction to Well Completion Liner CSR Key Features:
Most simple liner hook-up Schlumberger Private
CSR replaces packer Fluid circulation through sliding sleeve above the liner hanger
Tailpipe retrieved with production tubing
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
23/49
Introduction to Well Completion Monobore Completion Key Features:
Designed to meet criteria for:
appropriate production rates flexibility/contingency safety monitoring (reservoir management) longevity
Packer/hanger assembly
Liner C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Schlumberger Private
Safety valve
24/49
Introduction to Well Completion Multi-Zone Completion Hydraulic Control Line for the TRSCSSV Tubing Retreivable Surface Controled Subsurface Safety Valve (TRSCSSV) Hydraulic Control Line for the ASV
(this can be repeated for any number of zones)
Schlumberger Private
Annular Safety Valve (ASV) System with Wet Disconnect
Example of a Multi Zone Completion using a Standard Configuration for each Zone
10 3/4 Casing
Gas Lift Mandrel 5-1/2 Production Tubing Production Packer w/ TEC bypass Tubing Encased Conductor (TEC)
Isolation Packer w/ TEC feedthru
Flow Control Device w/ Cross Coupling Clamp Integral Pressure/ Temperature sensor Venturi Flowmeter
Zone 1
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Plug 9-5/8 Liner
Zone 2
25/49
Schlumberger Private
Completions for Well Profile Type
26/49
Introduction to Well Completion
1. Completions in Vertical Wells 2. Completions in Deviated Wells Schlumberger Private
3. Horizontal Wells Completions 4. Extended Reach Well Profile 5. Multilateral Wells 6. Intelligent Completions C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
27/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Vertical Wellbore Profiles Vertical wellbore Schlumberger Private
Cap rock
1. No great productivity benefit 2. May catch unwanted water or gas
Basement
3. Preferred for fracturing
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
28/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Vertical Wellbore Profiles Open Hole (Barefoot) Completions Options:
1. Conductor with open hole No ground water protection 2. Casing string with open hole Provides top-hole stability 3. Liner with open hole Cross-flow protection C. Alvarez
Reservoir
Open hole Completion
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Gravel Pack Completion
29/49
Schlumberger Private
Cap Rock
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Vertical Wellbore Profiles Perforated Completions Options:
Cap Rock
Reservoir
2. Casing or liner with production tubing Production through tubing or annulus 3. Casing or liner with tubing and packer Production through tubing enables flow
Cemented casing
Cemented liner
control
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
30/49
Schlumberger Private
1. Casing or liner Without production tubing
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Deviated Wellbore Profiles
C. Alvarez
Cap rock Schlumberger Private
Key Features: Increased productivity especially in thin reservoirs Extends reach within reservoir 0 – 90 degrees Issues with Wireline/Slickline work beyond 65 degrees
Reservoir
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Basement
31/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Horizontal Wellbore Profiles Horizontal wellbore
Schlumberger Private
Features: Significant increase in productivity Reduced influence of skin Reduced influence on coning Cap rock
Issues: Depth Control Zonal Isolation Flow Control Water zone
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
32/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Extended Reach Wellbore Profiles Definition: Schlumberger Private
A well in which the ratio of measured depth (MD) to true vertical depth (TVD) is greater than 2.0
A mega-reach well has a MD/TVD ratio of 3.0 or greater Examples of Extended Reach Well Profiles:
Hibernia - 2.05 Ratio BP Wytch Farm - 5.4 Ratio C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
33/49
Introduction to Well Completion Examples of Extended Reach Wells
1000
Foinhaven
Angola Gulfaks
2000
Argentina S. Italy Valhal
Prudhoe Dan
Statfjord
3000
Magnus 4000
Dunlin Alwyn
Hibernia Guida
Colombia 5000 1000
C. Alvarez
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
7000
8000
9000
10000
34/49
Schlumberger Private
Wytch Farm
Oman
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Multi-Lateral Well Profiles Multi Lateral Well:
A well in which there is more than one horizontal or near horizontal
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Schlumberger Private
lateral well drilled from a single main bore and connected back to the same main bore.
35/49
Introduction to Well Completion Typical ML Well Trajectories
Stacked Laterals C. Alvarez
Forked
Laterals in Vertical Hole
Laterals in Horizontal
Dual Opposing Laterals
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Schlumberger Private
Multi branched
36/49
Introduction to Well Completion Multilateral Nomenclature
Schlumberger Private
Junction
Lateral
Mainbore
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
37/49
Introduction to Well Completion First Multilateral Well Drilled The first Multilateral well was drilled in Russia in 1953 Well Data: Schlumberger Private
9 lateral branches from the main bore Increased exposure to the pay zone by 5.5 times Increased production by 17 times Only increased capitol expenditures by 1.5 times
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
38/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Multi-Lateral Well Profiles
Production Will probably be between 30-60% improvement over a horizontal well, not double Economics Should improve by approximately 40% C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
39/49
Schlumberger Private
Example of ML well with two Laterals (Not two wells in one): Cost To be economical the Capex should be no greater than 50% additional for each lateral
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Multi-Lateral Well Profiles Technical Advantages: Schlumberger Private
Increased reservoir exposure Increase in connectivity to the reservoir, to reduce water coning, gas coning, and sanding potential More efficient exploitation of complex reservoirs
Economic Advantages:
C. Alvarez
No added cost for the main bore and surface equipment No additional slot use on an offshore platform Smaller platform due to decreased surface equipment Increase in recoverable reserves
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
40/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Multi-Lateral Well Profiles Technical Disadvantages:
Schlumberger Private
Well intervention is more complicated Reservoir monitoring is more complicated Increased drilling risks Increased problems to control the well while creating additional laterals Increased debris
Economic Disadvantages:
Increased risk of losing the main bore and lower laterals Dependent on new technology
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
41/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Multi-Lateral Well Profiles
Technology Advancement of Multi Laterals Schlumberger Private
The objective of the “TAML” TAML” consortium is to promote the efficient development and utilization of multilaterals within the international petroleum industry, through dialogue; information and technology exchange; and collective sponsorship. “TAML” Members Schlumberger, Baker Hughes, BP-Amoco, Chevron, Mobil, Norsk Hydro, Phillips, Saga, Shell, Smith, Sperry Sun, Statoil, Texaco, TIW,Total, Weatherford, Well Service Technology C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
42/49
Introduction to Well Completion TAML Classification (Levels) of Multilateral Wells • Open hole Main bore • Open hole Lateral
• Cased Main bore • Open hole Lateral
• Cased Main bore • Mechanical Integrity at Junction
• Cased Main bore • Cemented Junction
• Cased Main bore • Mechanical and Hydraulic Integrity at Junction through Casing Packers
• Cased Main bore • Mechanical and Hydraulic Integrity at Junction through Junction construction
RapidSeal Animation C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
43/49
Schlumberger Private
RapidExclude Animation
Introduction to Well Completion Intelligent Completions Intelligent Wells = Reservoir Monitoring & Control, RMC
Schlumberger Private
Known in Schlumberger as “RMC Completion” RMC stands for: “Reservoir Monitoring & Control” Referred to by the industry as: “Intelligent Completions” What is “RMC” or “Intelligent” Completion? A completion system which can measure and selectively control flow into or out from a specific wellbore or interval.
Two Key Words: Measure (or Monitoring) Control C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
44/49
Introduction to Well Completion Intelligent Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC
Schlumberger Private
Current Scenario Water Cut interferes with Oil Production Gas
Water and/or Gas Production will limit total Oil Recoveries to a maximum of 35% of Oil in Place
Oil
Water
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
45/49
Introduction to Well Completion Intelligent Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC
Schlumberger Private
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
46/49
Introduction to Well Completion Intelligent Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC
Schlumberger Private
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
47/49
Introduction to Well Completion Intelligent Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC System Overview Data Transmission Data Acquisition
Schlumberger Private
Reservoir Management
Power & Communication
Permanent Gauges Flow Control Valves
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
48/49
Introduction to Well Completion Intelligent Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC Basic Requirements Schlumberger Private
A completion system must provide a means of oil or gas production which is:
1. Safe
e.g., well security, environment
2. Efficient
e.g., production objectives
3. Economic C. Alvarez
e.g., cost vs. revenue Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
49/49
Section – 1 Introduction to Well Completions
1/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completion – Definition
Schlumberger Private
Definition: The methodology and technology required to produce recoverable reserves (reservoir to surface). Process: The design, selection and installation of tubulars, tools and equipment, located in the wellbore, for the purpose of conveying, pumping or controlling production (or injection) fluids.
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
2/49
Introduction to Well Completion
Completion History / Evolution
Schlumberger Private
1300 Marco Polo – wells dug at Caspian Sea 1814 First naturally flowing oil well – 475 ft 1822 Rudimentary art of drilling established 1905 Casing cemented 1911 First gas lift device 1913 First dual completion 1926 First electric submersible pump 1933 First gun perforation job 1963 Commercial coiled tubing services introduced
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
3/49
Introduction to Well Completion
Well Completions – Evolution Over the last years Well Completion has been affected by: Schlumberger Private
1. Philosophy 2. Technology 3. Applications 4. Safety 5. Contingency C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
4/49
400
200
100
/D em as ob Dr ing illi n Dr g R illi ng ig C Flu om id pl Lo s et gg io n in Di g Tu re & bu ct Pe io Bit la na rfo rs s& & l Se ra ti C C Eq ng em o r rv ui ic pm en ing Su es tin pe en g r t vis Sit e io n P Re rep nt a Pe a l E ra ti rso q on u O nn ip m th e er l L en og t C am ist ic p s
300
M ob
500
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Schlumberger Private
C. Alvarez
C
US$ x 1000
Introduction to Well Completion Completion Cost
Operational Phase/Cost Category
Completion cost (relative) example for a 10,000 ft land well 5/49
Introduction to Well Completion
Completion Design Factors Well Completion Design Factors include:
1. Casing protection e.g., protection against erosion, corrosion Schlumberger Private
2. Tubing string removal
e.g., for replacement or workover for the live of the well
3. Safety or contingency
e.g., requirements for safety valves and well kill
4. Production control C. Alvarez
e.g., components providing flexibility and control of production (nipples, profiles and sliding sleeves Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
6/49
Introduction to Well Completion Basic Production Configurations Most Well Completions are based on the following configurations:
1. Reservoir interface Openhole Casing production Liner production Gravel pack wellbore Deviation
Schlumberger Private
2. Production conduit C. Alvarez
Suspended tubing Basic packer Packer and tailpipe Packer with additional safety and production devices Multiple Conduits Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
7/49
Introduction to Well Completion Open Hole Production Key Features: Schlumberger Private
No downhole flow control or isolation Producing formation is unsupported Casing provides isolation between shallower formations
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
8/49
Introduction to Well Completion Casing Production Key Features: Schlumberger Private
No downhole flow control or isolation Casing provides isolation between shallower formations with potential for remedial work to isolate sections of perforated interval
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
9/49
Introduction to Well Completion Liner Production Key Features: Schlumberger Private
Similar to casing production but with smaller (and shorter) tubulars set through the reservoir
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
10/49
Introduction to Well Completion Gravel Pack Wellbore Key Features: Schlumberger Private
Special application - requirement determined by formation type
May require special operation (under reaming) during well construction phase
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
11/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions with Screens for Sand Control
Schlumberger Private
Wire wrapped screen
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Prepacked screen 12/49
Introduction to Well Completion Simple Tubing Completion Key features: Schlumberger Private
Circulation capability (well kill or kick-off) Improves hydraulic performance Limited protection for casing
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
13/49
Introduction to Well Completion Basic Packer Completion Key features:
Tubing Anchoring Schlumberger Private
Isolation of Production Interval Circulation capability (determined by design and setting of packer)
Casing string protected from fluid and pressure effects
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
14/49
Introduction to Well Completion Packer with Tailpipe Key features Schlumberger Private
Additional flexibility for downhole production (flow)control, e.g., plugs
Facility for downhole instruments (gauges)
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
15/49
Introduction to Well Completion Enhanced Packer Installation Key features Schlumberger Private
Improved flexibility for downhole production control, e.g., plugs above or below packer
Circulation capability independent of packer
Safety facility (SSSV)
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
16/49
Introduction to Well Completion Examples of Well Completion Configurations: 1. Single zone completions Schlumberger Private
2. Multiple zone completions 3. Liner completions 4. Special completions C. Alvarez
Sand control Inhibitor injection Water flooding Thermal Remedial (scab liner) Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
17/49
Introduction to Well Completion Single Zone – Retrievable Packer Key Features: Schlumberger Private
Hydraulically set Tail-pipe facility for pressure and temperature gauges Fully retrievable completion Packer can be set with well flanged up Thru-tubing perforation possible where size permits C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
18/49
Introduction to Well Completion Single Zone – Seal-Bore Packer Key Features: Schlumberger Private
Seal-bore packer set on electric-line or tubing On-off connector and tubing anchor allows tubing to be retrieved
Tailpipe plugged and left in wellbore or retrieved with production tubing
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
19/49
Introduction to Well Completion Single Zone – Packer and Tailpipe Key Features: Schlumberger Private
Tailpipe plugged and left in wellbore when production tubing is retrieved
Permits safe thru-tubing perforating Block and kill system facilitates the killing of high-pressure, high-flow rate wells
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
20/49
Introduction to Well Completion Multiple Zones – 2 Zones 1 Packer Key Features: Schlumberger Private
Separate or commingled production through single tubing string
Blast joint protection across upper interval On-off connector and tubing anchor permits tubing retrieval with lower interval isolated
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
21/49
Introduction to Well Completion Multiple Zones – Two Zones, Two Packers Key Features:
Independent production through dual tubing strings Schlumberger Private
Blast joint protection across upper interval Both packers retrievable Tailpipe instrument facility on both strings Thru-tubing perforation of lower zone possible
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
22/49
Introduction to Well Completion Liner CSR Key Features:
Most simple liner hook-up Schlumberger Private
CSR replaces packer Fluid circulation through sliding sleeve above the liner hanger
Tailpipe retrieved with production tubing
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
23/49
Introduction to Well Completion Monobore Completion Key Features:
Designed to meet criteria for:
appropriate production rates flexibility/contingency safety monitoring (reservoir management) longevity
Packer/hanger assembly
Liner C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Schlumberger Private
Safety valve
24/49
Introduction to Well Completion Multi-Zone Completion Hydraulic Control Line for the TRSCSSV Tubing Retreivable Surface Controled Subsurface Safety Valve (TRSCSSV) Hydraulic Control Line for the ASV
(this can be repeated for any number of zones)
Schlumberger Private
Annular Safety Valve (ASV) System with Wet Disconnect
Example of a Multi Zone Completion using a Standard Configuration for each Zone
10 3/4 Casing
Gas Lift Mandrel 5-1/2 Production Tubing Production Packer w/ TEC bypass Tubing Encased Conductor (TEC)
Isolation Packer w/ TEC feedthru
Flow Control Device w/ Cross Coupling Clamp Integral Pressure/ Temperature sensor Venturi Flowmeter
Zone 1
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Plug 9-5/8 Liner
Zone 2
25/49
Schlumberger Private
Completions for Well Profile Type
26/49
Introduction to Well Completion
1. Completions in Vertical Wells 2. Completions in Deviated Wells Schlumberger Private
3. Horizontal Wells Completions 4. Extended Reach Well Profile 5. Multilateral Wells 6. Intelligent Completions C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
27/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Vertical Wellbore Profiles Vertical wellbore Schlumberger Private
Cap rock
1. No great productivity benefit 2. May catch unwanted water or gas
Basement
3. Preferred for fracturing
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
28/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Vertical Wellbore Profiles Open Hole (Barefoot) Completions Options:
1. Conductor with open hole No ground water protection 2. Casing string with open hole Provides top-hole stability 3. Liner with open hole Cross-flow protection C. Alvarez
Reservoir
Open hole Completion
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Gravel Pack Completion
29/49
Schlumberger Private
Cap Rock
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Vertical Wellbore Profiles Perforated Completions Options:
Cap Rock
Reservoir
2. Casing or liner with production tubing Production through tubing or annulus 3. Casing or liner with tubing and packer Production through tubing enables flow
Cemented casing
Cemented liner
control
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
30/49
Schlumberger Private
1. Casing or liner Without production tubing
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Deviated Wellbore Profiles
C. Alvarez
Cap rock Schlumberger Private
Key Features: Increased productivity especially in thin reservoirs Extends reach within reservoir 0 – 90 degrees Issues with Wireline/Slickline work beyond 65 degrees
Reservoir
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Basement
31/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Horizontal Wellbore Profiles Horizontal wellbore
Schlumberger Private
Features: Significant increase in productivity Reduced influence of skin Reduced influence on coning Cap rock
Issues: Depth Control Zonal Isolation Flow Control Water zone
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
32/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Extended Reach Wellbore Profiles Definition: Schlumberger Private
A well in which the ratio of measured depth (MD) to true vertical depth (TVD) is greater than 2.0
A mega-reach well has a MD/TVD ratio of 3.0 or greater Examples of Extended Reach Well Profiles:
Hibernia - 2.05 Ratio BP Wytch Farm - 5.4 Ratio C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
33/49
Introduction to Well Completion Examples of Extended Reach Wells
1000
Foinhaven
Angola Gulfaks
2000
Argentina S. Italy Valhal
Prudhoe Dan
Statfjord
3000
Magnus 4000
Dunlin Alwyn
Hibernia Guida
Colombia 5000 1000
C. Alvarez
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
7000
8000
9000
10000
34/49
Schlumberger Private
Wytch Farm
Oman
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Multi-Lateral Well Profiles Multi Lateral Well:
A well in which there is more than one horizontal or near horizontal
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Schlumberger Private
lateral well drilled from a single main bore and connected back to the same main bore.
35/49
Introduction to Well Completion Typical ML Well Trajectories
Stacked Laterals C. Alvarez
Forked
Laterals in Vertical Hole
Laterals in Horizontal
Dual Opposing Laterals
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
Schlumberger Private
Multi branched
36/49
Introduction to Well Completion Multilateral Nomenclature
Schlumberger Private
Junction
Lateral
Mainbore
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
37/49
Introduction to Well Completion First Multilateral Well Drilled The first Multilateral well was drilled in Russia in 1953 Well Data: Schlumberger Private
9 lateral branches from the main bore Increased exposure to the pay zone by 5.5 times Increased production by 17 times Only increased capitol expenditures by 1.5 times
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
38/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Multi-Lateral Well Profiles
Production Will probably be between 30-60% improvement over a horizontal well, not double Economics Should improve by approximately 40% C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
39/49
Schlumberger Private
Example of ML well with two Laterals (Not two wells in one): Cost To be economical the Capex should be no greater than 50% additional for each lateral
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Multi-Lateral Well Profiles Technical Advantages: Schlumberger Private
Increased reservoir exposure Increase in connectivity to the reservoir, to reduce water coning, gas coning, and sanding potential More efficient exploitation of complex reservoirs
Economic Advantages:
C. Alvarez
No added cost for the main bore and surface equipment No additional slot use on an offshore platform Smaller platform due to decreased surface equipment Increase in recoverable reserves
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
40/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Multi-Lateral Well Profiles Technical Disadvantages:
Schlumberger Private
Well intervention is more complicated Reservoir monitoring is more complicated Increased drilling risks Increased problems to control the well while creating additional laterals Increased debris
Economic Disadvantages:
Increased risk of losing the main bore and lower laterals Dependent on new technology
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
41/49
Introduction to Well Completion Completions in Multi-Lateral Well Profiles
Technology Advancement of Multi Laterals Schlumberger Private
The objective of the “TAML” TAML” consortium is to promote the efficient development and utilization of multilaterals within the international petroleum industry, through dialogue; information and technology exchange; and collective sponsorship. “TAML” Members Schlumberger, Baker Hughes, BP-Amoco, Chevron, Mobil, Norsk Hydro, Phillips, Saga, Shell, Smith, Sperry Sun, Statoil, Texaco, TIW,Total, Weatherford, Well Service Technology C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
42/49
Introduction to Well Completion TAML Classification (Levels) of Multilateral Wells • Open hole Main bore • Open hole Lateral
• Cased Main bore • Open hole Lateral
• Cased Main bore • Mechanical Integrity at Junction
• Cased Main bore • Cemented Junction
• Cased Main bore • Mechanical and Hydraulic Integrity at Junction through Casing Packers
• Cased Main bore • Mechanical and Hydraulic Integrity at Junction through Junction construction
RapidSeal Animation C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
43/49
Schlumberger Private
RapidExclude Animation
Introduction to Well Completion Intelligent Completions Intelligent Wells = Reservoir Monitoring & Control, RMC
Schlumberger Private
Known in Schlumberger as “RMC Completion” RMC stands for: “Reservoir Monitoring & Control” Referred to by the industry as: “Intelligent Completions” What is “RMC” or “Intelligent” Completion? A completion system which can measure and selectively control flow into or out from a specific wellbore or interval.
Two Key Words: Measure (or Monitoring) Control C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
44/49
Introduction to Well Completion Intelligent Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC
Schlumberger Private
Current Scenario Water Cut interferes with Oil Production Gas
Water and/or Gas Production will limit total Oil Recoveries to a maximum of 35% of Oil in Place
Oil
Water
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
45/49
Introduction to Well Completion Intelligent Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC
Schlumberger Private
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
46/49
Introduction to Well Completion Intelligent Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC
Schlumberger Private
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
47/49
Introduction to Well Completion Intelligent Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC System Overview Data Transmission Data Acquisition
Schlumberger Private
Reservoir Management
Power & Communication
Permanent Gauges Flow Control Valves
C. Alvarez
Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
48/49
Introduction to Well Completion Intelligent Completions Reservoir Monitoring Control, RMC Basic Requirements Schlumberger Private
A completion system must provide a means of oil or gas production which is:
1. Safe
e.g., well security, environment
2. Efficient
e.g., production objectives
3. Economic C. Alvarez
e.g., cost vs. revenue Quartz School for IPM Well Site Supervisors
49/49
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