01-industry Overview - Piopetro_drmoustafaoraby

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Introduction to the Petroleum Industry Petroleum Industry at a Glance Prof. Dr. Moustafa Oraby Graduate Program Director Petroleum Engineering Professor American University in Cairo 26 Years of Industry Experience Email: [email protected]

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Employment Diversity ⚫

The petroleum industry hires a broad spectrum of engineers – – – – – –

⚫

Geologists Petroleum engineers Mechanical engineers Electrical engineers Chemical engineers ……

This lectures is set to give a background and the basics of the industry for all diverse engineers

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

The Petroleum Companies Diversity ⚫

Operating Companies –

⚫

Service Companies –

⚫

They own and/or operate the oil/gas fields

They deliver all services required to produce the hydrocarbon

Consulting Companies –

They help the operating companies in managing, training, studies,… etc when required

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

From Planning to Production Review

Petroleum Industry Overview Field Management

Field Management

Geology And GeoPhysics

Artificial Lift Drilling

Identification Drilling Evaluation

Bits

Bottomhole Assembly

Integration & Teamwork

Completion Tools

Completion Production

BHA

Drilling Fluids

Mud

Production Enhancement

Logging

Wireline LWD

Perforating Testing Cementing

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

5

Petroleum Industry Overview

Field Management

Geology And GeoPhysics

Identification Drilling Evaluation

Integration & Teamwork Completion Production

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

6

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

The Planet Earth - Earth Structure

The earth is essentially a sphere approximately 8,000 miles in diameter. A circumference of approximately 25,000 miles.

⚫

⚫

•

Too Old.. 4.5 Billion Years

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

How can the earth’s age be measured?

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

How the Hydrocarbon is formed? ⚫

Formed from Organic Matters buried during deposition –

⚫ ⚫

⚫

⚫

Plants and their components, Lipit, Algae,…. etc

The depositions bury all deeper and deeper Going deeper, – Temperature increases – Pressure increases Pressure and Temperature COOK these organic matters and create the hydro-carbon (oil / gas) This is called ‘Source Rock’

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

What is needed to drill a hydrocarbon well? ⚫

Reservoir –

What is a reservoir?

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Reservoir Rocks Reservoir Rock

Porosity Hydrocarbon and Water Live here

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

From the Source Rock to the Reservoir Rock Which one has the higher density? Hydrocarbon (oil and gas) or Water

Then hydrocarbon will migrate to take the water place

High Pressure High Temperature Hydrocarbon is cooked here

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Petroleum Reservoirs Three components 1. 2. 3.

Hydrocarbon SOURCE Reservoir PORUS Rock for the hydrocarbon to LIVE in Hydrocarbon Ceiling to stop hydrocarbon migration

Sandstone Limestone Dolomite

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Finding the Reservoir ⚫

Geologists –

⚫

Based on the understanding of the deposition through the years, they can predict the possibility of hydrocarbon accumulation

GeoPhysicists –

They confirm what the geologists have predicted

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

GeoPhysics Confirm - Seismic Data Gathering

Land and Offshore

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Seismic Processing

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

The Possible Accumulation is identified. Now what?

Let’s Explore it by Drilling

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Wells Types ⚫ ⚫

Vertical wells Deviated wells –

⚫

Slanted

Horizontal wells –

Lateral wells

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Why not always vertical?

More Complex but produces more

L1

L2

L2 > L1, Means More Hydrocarbon Requires study and planning but Pays Off

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Let us Drill the Well Put the Bottom Hole Assembly BHA Together

Introduction

Petroleum Industry Overview

Oil and Gas Industry

Field Management

Geology And GeoPhysics

Drilling

Bits

Identification Drilling Evaluation

Integration & Teamwork Completion Production

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Drill Bits: Tri-cone Bit Teeth View

Bearing View

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Natural Diamond Bit Nat. Diamond

Impregnated

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Polycrystalline Diamond Compact

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Drilling Bits

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Enlarging the small borehole ⚫

Hole Opener

Introduction

Petroleum Industry Overview

Oil and Gas Industry

Field Management

Geology And GeoPhysics

Drilling

Bits

Bottomhole Assembly

BHA

Identification Drilling Evaluation

Integration & Teamwork Completion Production

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

BHA Components ⚫ ⚫

Drilling Bit Motor to drive the bit

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Mud Motor

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Directional motors

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Bottom Hole Assembly - BHA

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Let us go drill …………….

NO

Introduction

Petroleum Industry Overview

Oil and Gas Industry

Field Management

Geology And GeoPhysics

Drilling

Identification Drilling Evaluation

Bits

Bottomhole Assembly

BHA

Drilling Fluids

Mud

Integration & Teamwork Completion Production

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Mud is the most important ingredient

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Lowering BHA in the wellbore

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Can you lower the BHA NOW ??!!!!

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Let us drill a horizontal well

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Let us drill a horizontal well

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Reservoir Rock Evaluation - Wireline & LWD Logging

Introduction

Petroleum Industry Overview

Oil and Gas Industry

Field Management

Geology And GeoPhysics

Drilling

Identification Drilling Evaluation

Bits

Bottomhole Assembly

Integration & Teamwork Completion Production

BHA

Drilling Fluids

Mud

Logging

Wireline LWD

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Reservoir Rock Evaluation - Wireline Logging

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Reservoir Rock Evaluation - LWD Logging While Drilling

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Reservoir Rock Evaluation - Parameters ⚫

Evaluation of Reservoir Rock Parameters – – –

Porosity Hydrocarbon Volume in the pores Other important parameters

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

The drilling is completed – Can’t leave the borehole open

Introduction

Petroleum Industry Overview

Oil and Gas Industry

Field Management

Geology And GeoPhysics

Drilling

Identification Drilling Evaluation

Bits

Bottomhole Assembly

Integration & Teamwork Completion Production

BHA

Drilling Fluids

Mud

Logging

Wireline LWD Testing

Casing And Cementing

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Borehole Casing and Cementing

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Producing the well ⚫

Create holes in the cemented casing to allow the hydrocarbon to flow –

⚫

Perforation

Shoot perforating charges using perforating guns to create the desired holes in the casing

Introduction

Petroleum Industry Overview

Oil and Gas Industry

Field Management

Geology And GeoPhysics

Drilling

Identification Drilling Evaluation

Bits

Bottomhole Assembly

Integration & Teamwork Completion Production

BHA

Drilling Fluids

Mud

Logging

Wireline LWD

Perforating Testing

Casing And Cementing

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Perforation

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

If the Reservoir Rock is very tight? ⚫ ⚫

If the Reservoir Rock is tight, perforation will not be able to properly produce the well In this case we do Production Enhancement –

Hydraulic Fracturing

Introduction

Petroleum Industry Overview

Oil and Gas Industry

Field Management

Geology And GeoPhysics

Drilling

Identification Drilling Evaluation

Bits

Bottomhole Assembly

Integration & Teamwork Completion Production

BHA

Drilling Fluids

Mud

Production Enhancement Logging

Wireline LWD

Perforating Testing

Casing And Cementing

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

The Reservoir is tight – Let us Fracture it

Introduction

Petroleum Industry Overview

Oil and Gas Industry

Field Management

Geology And GeoPhysics

Artificial Lift

Drilling

Identification Drilling Evaluation

Bits

Field Management

Bottomhole Assembly

Integration & Teamwork Completion Production

BHA

Completion Tools

Drilling Fluids

Mud

Production Enhancemen t Logging

Wireline LWD

Perforating Testing

Casing And Cementing

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Can we watch Oil and Water Flowing?

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Oil and Water in the Well – Downhole Video

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

In Conclusion ⚫ ⚫

The petroleum industry hires a diverse of engineering skills Multiple operations in the day-to-day business requires –

– – –

Understanding of the business concepts Integration Teamwork Strong communications skills

Introduction Oil and Gas Industry

Thank You

Wish you all the best in your career

Email: [email protected]